Manual TONI 2

 

UDQU ED JKUDHJ@DKAUM

KIX¹DSCMH

Mprdajmajñk ed hm nmcjhjeme ai`kjtjvm sjk jkfhudkajm ed hdk`umld

Hjkem Criwk Sjtm L. Qndrcdkiu Qusmk B. Linksdk

HJJ /X

hL hYL =X h-

tdm

 

UGEVX*'z UDQU ED JJ{UDHJ@DKAJM KI VDSCMH

Mprdajiajñk ed /i nicj/teie ai`kjÏjvi sjk jkf/udkaji ed/ /dk`uijd

Hjkem Criwk Sjtm L. Qndrcdkiu Qusmk B. Linksdk

MK TM (1.u dejajñk)

tdm

Omerje, 377:

 

]udrdois omkjfdstmr kudstri sjkadri m`rmedajojdkti m hms pdrsikms qud nmk aihmcirmei dk hm mphjamajñk ed hm prudcm pmrm aiksd`ujr his emtis ed tjpjfjamajñk< Amrodk Mcme Sjus @mcrjdhm Mhiksi edh Moi Hñpdz M¡mkanm Zihmkem Mkjdri Oñkjam Cmhcís Omrtïkdz Lisê Hujs Chmsai Anmojzi Ih`m Aruz Mk`dhds @ikzíhdz

Omrtm Jkfmktd Ndr¡dri Dvm Jrjzmr Hm memptmajñk dspmýihm, dstuejis dstmeïstjais y rdemaajñk edh Omkumh nmk sjei rdmhjzmeis pir JvW Vjatirjm ed hm Aruz, têakjam edh edpmrtmodkti J+E+j ed UDM Dejajikds, Q.M.T

Aipy¡j`nt I =::: cy WSI. DE, Mustjk, Udxms (T.Q.M.) Aipyrj`nt i =::5, 3777, 377: cy UDM Dejajikds, Q.M.T.

Omerje (Dspmým).

J.Q.C.K.< :0>'>5-0=05-:>7.3.

Edpñsjti Hd`mh< O-3>47= - 377:.

]udemk rj`urismodktd prinjcjems, sjk mutirjzmajñk dsarjtm ed his tjtuhmrds edh "Aipyrj`nt", cmli hms smkajikds dstmchdajems dk =ís hdyds, hm rdprieuaajñk titmh i pmrajmh ed dstm icrm pir aumhqujdr odeji i priadejojdkti, aioprdkejeis hm rdpri`rmffm y dh trmtmojdkti jkfiroítjai, y hm ejstrjcuajñk ed dldophmrds ed dhhm odejmktd mhqujhdr i prêstmoi püchjais.

hm

Dejtm< UDM Dejaj.ikds, Q.M.T.2 Frmy Cdrkmrejki Qmnm`ük. 35 . 3>716 Omerje, Dspmým. Qpmjk. Joprdsi dk Dspmým pir Joprdktm Wrjktde Amsjjhms,jkQ.H.2 M`ustïk Amhvi, 50 - 3>751 Omerje, Dspmým.

O" Dhdkm Ljoêkdz Amýms

Mktikji Huqud Cmrcm O" Amrodk Omzmjrm Íhvm¡dz Lumk Mktikji Omyirmh Hñpdz Dspdrmkzm Oirhm Ojhm`ris Ouýiz Odhdkei Lisd Hujs Ihjvdrm Amrrjrjk Ojhm`ris edh Ihoi

O" Udrdsm Wudchm Qmkz Sism Sdciuh O' Mk`dhds Sierï`udz Cdkjti O" Qihdeme Sierï`udz Qjhvjm Qdvjhhm Edh`mei Omkudh Qjajhjm Qmk Lisê O" Eihi¡ds Ucjldjri Fdrkíkedz O' Dstndr Trjdh Qíkandz Mkm Zêcdkds Oirmh

M`rmedadois tmocjêk hm aihmci¡majñk ed' his kuodrisis adktris qud kis nmk pdrojtjei mphjamr hm prudcm m sus mhu okis. UIEIQ KTDQUSI MSDAIKIAJOJDKU SDAIKIAJOJDKUI I

 

U7KJ-3. Unsr ¡r hrr¡ua¡h,rau Ki V¡ksu,

JKEJAD =. AMSMAUDSÏQUJAMQ @DKDSMHDQ.. =.=. FJAJJM UÊAKJAM ...............

=.3. FJKMJJEME ED HIQ UDQUQ ED JKUDHJ@DKAJM...,..................

=.1. EDQASJWAJÑK ED HM WSTDCM... =.5. MWHJAMAJÑK Z UIKJUSUI ED HMQ SDQWTDQUMQ. =.4. QIHTAJÑK ED WSICHDOMQ ................, =,6. MWHJAMAJIKDQ EDH UIKJ.3

4 4 4 6 0 0 =7

3.=. KISOMQ @DKDSMJDQ ED MWHJAMAJÑK ......,...............

1. JKUDSWSDUMAJÑK ED HIQ SDQTHUMEIQ ............. . .. 1.=. EMUIQ ED HM NILM ED MKIUMAJÑK 1.3. JKUDSWSDUMAJÑK ED HMQ WTKUTMAJIKDQ....................

3=

5. JKFISOMAJÑ_'¡ QQUMEÏQUJAM................... 5.=. MKÍHJQJQ Z QDHDAAJÑK ED DHDODKUIQ ................... 5.3. VMJJEMAJÑK IWJ. AIKUDKJEI 5.1. ASJUDSJIQ Ih,hpÏruAIQ Id Q`hpAAhÑK ED DHDODKUIQ.......................... 5.5. EJQASJOJKMAJÑK ED HIQ DHDODKUIQ 5.4. EJFJATHUME ED HIQ DHDODKUIQ 5.6. DQUTEJIQ DQWMÝiHDQ y pkiapirOrDKUis 5.0. 5.>. UJpJFUaMAUñK EDQASrparñK kih @STpi KiSOMUrvi (DQUTEJis DQpMýiHDQ)......... KiSOhrrvis 5.:. FJMCJHJEME .........,......... 5.=7. DQUTEUiQ Cspdýih,ds 5.==. VMHJED\

13

UMCHM M. Aikvdrsjñk ed puktumajikds ejrdatms ed hm FiromMdk AJ y adktjhds

3=

33 13 11 15 15 14 16 16 1> 1>

5t

UMCHM C. Aikvdrsjñk ed puktumajikds ejrdatms ed hm Firom C dk AJ y adktjhds............... 53

 

U7Kh3. Ucsr ir hrr¡Hra¡Kan Ki V¡ksMH

=. AMSMAUDSÏQUJAMQ @DKDSMHDQ =.=. FJAUJM UÊAKUAM

Kiocrd irj`jkmh< UIKJ-3. Udst if Kikvdrcmh Jktdhhj`dkad. Mutirms< H. Criwk, S.L. Qndrcdkiu y Q.B. Linksdk. WSI-DE, Mustjk, Udxms. Wriadedkajm< O[ Vjatirjm ed hm Aruz, Edpmrtmodkti J+E+j ed Memptmajñk dspmýihm< UDM Dejajikds, Omerje (=::4). Mphjamajñk< Jkejøeumh i aihdatjvm m `opis ouy pdqudýis. Mocjti ed Mphjamajñk< Quldtis aik demeds aioprdkejems dktrd 4 y >4 mýis. Eurmajñk< Qjk tjdopi hjojtmei, dktrd =4 y 37 ojkutis, mprixjomemodktd. Wuktumajñk< Küodri ed majdrtis, aiksjedrmkei uocrmh y tdani. Fjkmhjeme< Mprdajmajñk ed hm ampmajeme pmrm rdsihvdr prichdoms, dhjojkmkei dk Jm omyir odejem pisjchd hm jkfhudkajm edh hdk`umld y ed hms nmcjjjemeds oitrjads. C¹rdomajñk< Oudstrms dspmýihms ed kjýis, meihdsadktds y meuhtis.

=.3. FUKMHJEME ED HIQ UDQUQ ED UKUDHJ@DKAJM His tdsts ed jktdhj`dkajm nmk sjei mozmei kuodrisms jkvdstj`maji jkvdstj`majikds kds y dsfudrzis phjmodktd utjhjzmeis dk hm dsaudhm, dk jm pmrm ardmr y odlirmr _is jkstruodktis aik doprdsm y dk itris sdatirds ed Jm siajdeme. his qud sd =hdvm m amci dstm odejem. His Wdri, eds`rmajmemodktd, ouy piais ed his trmcmlis ed mh`ukis prifdsjikmhds ed Jm dsqud sd aikstruydk sd dhmcirmk pdksmkei tmeïstjam pmrm odlirmr hms têakjams utjhjzmdk su mphjamajñk m pichmajikds qud rdqujdems dk dh dstueji ed hm jktdhj`dkajm nmk hhdprudcms rmk hjcrds ed hm jkfhudkajm edh hdkvmei mh pdrfdaajikmojdkti ed hms tdirïms ed `umld, ed Jm ampmajeme oitrjz i edh kjvdh hm jktdhj`dkajm y Jm aikeuatm jktdhj`dktd auhturmh. (@mhtik, =>6:2 @ujhfire, =:602 Qpdmromk, =:=52 Uêromk, =:762 Unurstikd, =:1>). Dk Aik dh pripñsjti ed iaupmr, mh odkis dk hm matumhjeme his psjañhi`is tjdkdk m su ejspmrtd, dstd vmaïi sd aikstruyñ dh UIKJ-3. Qd pisjajñk uk cudk küodri ed jkstruodktis trmtm ed ukm prudcm tjpjframem y fukemodktmem edsed dh pukti ed vjstm amocji, pripñsjtiprdajsis. cjdkpsjaiaiophdlis Dk ed his tdsts dh prjkajpmh rdhmtjvmodktd y oêtrjai aik ukm prdsdktmajñk y ukms kired jktdhj`dkajm sd krmktjdkd sjk vmrjmajikds< oms qud dhjojkmk, dk `rmk omkdrm, }m dstjomr hm mptjtue jkejvjeumh y dh pitdkajmh jkfhudkajm edh hdk`umld y rdeuadk hm ed =is ed mprdkejzmld. fmatirds oitrjads y auhturmhds. Hm mphjamajñk ed tdsts ed jktdhj`dkajm sd (=:74) Cjkdt y Qjoik edsmrrihhmrik dh nm aikvdrtjei dk ukm príatjam aioük dk hm prjodr tdst príatjai ed jktdhj`dkajm pmrm dsaudhm. Dk dhhm sd meojkjstrmk nmcjtumhjedktjframr m his kjýis qud pierïmk cdkdfrodktd tdsts aihdatjvis pmrm odlirmr Jm jkajmrsd ed ukm deuamajñk dspdajmh, medaumem firomajñk edoi`rífram y tmocjêk pmrm edm sus kdadsjemeds, dk hms dsaudhms püchjams tdrojkmr dk quê suldtis d§ pmrtjauhmrodktd ed Wmrïs. Eurmktd his mýis qud nmk trmksmhtm hm pricmcjhjeme ed êxjti i ed frmamsi. qud aurrjei edsed Cjkdt y Qjoik ejdrmk firHms puktumajikds ed his tdsts jkejvjeumhds om y aiktdkjei mJ aikadpti ed dxmodk ed Jm ed jktdhj`dkajm aikstjtuydk tmocjêk uki ed jktdhj`dkajm y ed hms mptjtueds, sd nmk rdmhjhis arjtdrjis utjhjzmeis pmrm sdhdaajikmr m 4

 

Hkkq CriwK, Sru L. Q+ks¡h,jiu v Qus¡¡j B. Lirkrskr

his suldtis qud tiomrík pmrtd dk pri`rmoms dspdajmhds (pmrtjauhmrodktd mqudhjis dk qujdkds sd sispdanm rdtrmsi odktmh) y pmrm edtdrojkmr quê suldtis prdsdktmk prichdoms ed mprdkejzmld i jktdhj`dkajm supdrjir. His tdsts ed jktdhj`dkajm sd jkahuydk msjojsoi dk his a¡jtdrjis ed jk`tdsi dk mhdsaihmrds y dk pri`rmoms ed `ukis adktris irjdktmajñk viamajikmh.

Uckjdkei dk audktm qud pudedk sdr prdejatirds tmkti ed his hi`ris prifdsjikmhds aioi edh êxjti mameêojai, his tdsts ed jktdhj`dkajm sd utjhjzmk aik frdaudkajm dk Jm doprdsm, pmrm sdhdaajñk ed pdrsikmh, pmrm dstmchdadr phmkds ed dophdi tmkti püchjais aioi prjvmeis y pmrm vmh.irmr dj pitdkajmh ed trmcmli ed his amkejemtis i ed his dophdmeis. Dk mocjdktds ed tdrmpjm (nispjtmhds, a=ïkj ams y adktris ed rdnmcjhjtmajñk) hm dvmhumajñk edh fukajikmojdkti jktdhdatumh ed ahjdkprifdsjikmhds my'uem amci hm phmkjframajñk tds ukm cudkmd y pmrm hhdvmr m aikstjtuyd jophmktmajñk ed pri`rmoms ed trmtmojdkti.

Tk aiktrivdrtjei usi ed his tdsts

ed

jktdhj`dkajm ds dh qud tjdkd pir icldtjvi jkahujr m his dstuejmktds qud prdsdktdk ukm pmrtjauhmr fudrzm i edcjhjeme ai`kjtjvm dk pri`rmoms dspdaïfjais i phmkds dspdajmhds ed firomajñk. Dstm príatjam dstí cmsmem dk dh trmtmojdkti ed hms mptjtueds odejmktd

Arikcman jktdrvdkajñk pirpuktumaji(0:00) y jkvdstj`mei yJmQkiw msuod qud hms kds ed his tdsts, dspdajmhodktd hms ed his tdsts ed jktdhj`dkajm, pripirajikmk ukm jkfiromajñk ouy ütjh sicrd his dstjhis ed mprdkejzmld y hms prdfdrdkajms ed matumajñk, emtis qud tjdkdk ukm rdpdrausjñk ejrdatm dk hm jkstruaajñk ed his mhuokis y dk itrms jktdrvdkajikds. Eds`rmajmemodktd ki nmy dvjedkajms dopïrjams qud sipirtdk hm vmhjedz ed tmhds jkvdstj`majikds y hm hjtdrmturm dstí hhdkm ed aiktrivdrsjms y mevdrtdkajms tdñrjams (Mrtdr y Ldkbjks, =:0:2 Chiio y Smsbjk, =:>72 Chiio, Pm`kdr y

=:>72 Hhiye, Cdr`omk, =:>52 Oydrs =:0:2Qmtthdr, Bmufomk,=::72 y NmoojJJ, =:>>).

=.1. EDQASJWAJÑK ED J.MWSTDCM DJ UIKJ-3 ds ukm odejem ed hm ampmajeme pmrm rdsihvdr prichdoms aik fj`urms mcstrmatms, dxdktm ed hm jkfhudkajm edh hdk`umld. Qd ejsdýñ pmrm sdr utjhjzmei aik suldtis ed demeds aioprdkejems dktrd 4 y >4 mýis. Dxjstdk eis firoms dqujvmhdktds (M y C)2 amem ukm ed dhhms dstí firomem pir 44 ajdk td. dhdodktis

iredkmeis pir ejfjauhtme ard-

Ldksdk (=:>7) jkejam mh`ukms kiroms y ejodksjikds qud edcdk auophjr his tdsts hjcrds ed jkfhudkajms auhturmhds i ed hdk`umld< m) Edcdk sdr odejems ed tjpi omkjpuhmtjvi qud pudemk sustjtujr m =ms ed pmpdh y hípjz. c) Hms jkstruaajikds sd trmksojtjrík pir odeji ed oïojam y ki ed firom irmh i dsarjtm. a) Edcdk jkahujr mh`ukis dldophis prdvjis ed príatjam. 6

e) Ki edcdk tdkdr tjdopi hjojtmei. d) Dk hu`mr ed dstmr firomeis pir ejculis aikardtis i frm`odktis ed hdaturm, dh aiktdkjei ed his dhdodktis edcd sdr ed tjpi mcstrmati. fh Wmrm aiktdstmr mh tdst sd rdqudrjrí rmzikmojdkti i ampmajeme pmrm rdsihvdr prichdoms, sjk qud sdm kdadsmrji tdkdr qud rdairemr kjk`ukm jkfiromajñk dspdaïfjam. `) His prichdoms edcdk sdr kudvis, pmrm dvjtmr aiktmojkmajñk pir dh rdaudrei ed ukm jkfiromajñk mprdkejem prdvjmodktd. MJ aikstrujr dh UIKJ, prjodrm vdrsjñk, sd priaurñ qud auophjdrm tiems dstms kiroms.

M pdsmr ed hm mophjm utjhjzmajñk ed his tdsts ed jktdhj`dkajm y ed qud sd puded ejspikdr ed ouanis jkstruodktis auym vmhjedz

 

U7O-3. hcsr ²p Jxor,ri¡r,rarM Ki VrruMr,

nm sjei aiopricmem tdñrjam y dopïrjamodktd, sd icsdrvm ukm kdadsjeme ardajdktd ed jkstruodktis ed dstd tjpi qud ki dstêk dxadsjvmodktd mfdatmeis pir fmatirds hjk`øÏstjais, oitrjads i auhturmhds.

Dh hdk`umld y hms nmcjhjemeds

nmchmk dh ojsoi jejiom, suldtis qud tjdkdk ejfjauhtmeds ed mprdkejzmld, sireis i jkejøeuis qud nmk sufrjei trmuoms kdurihñ`jais sdvdris, Jdsjikds dk Jm amcdzm, `ihpds, pmríhjsjs adrdcrmh y itris sjojhmrds.

oitirms

Qd nmk aikstrujei ouy piais tdsts qud

aiopikdkt₨s sik ed jopirtmktds ed hms odej qud sd utjhjzmk hm jktdhj`dkajm ems nmcjtumhodktd. Qjk docmr`i, nmy ouanis suldtis pmrm qujdkds dstms odejems sjophdodktd ki sik medaumems. Wdrsikms qud ki sik ampmads ed hddr i dsarjcjr, qud tjdkdk emýmems i edtdrjirmems sus nmcjhjemeds vdrcmhds, qud tjdkdk ejfdrdktds rmïads Jjk`rjïstjams i qud pir itrms rmzikds rdqujdrdk qud dk hm mphjamajñk edh tdst ki jkfhuym su ampmajeme pmrm iïr, nmchmr, Jddr, dsarjcjr i emr rdspudstms oitirms sj`kjfjamtjvms. Tkm cudkm pripirajñk ed his suldtis m qujdkds sd dvmhüm dk dsaudhms, ahïkjams y nispjtmhds dstík aio-

ki amr`m auhturmh. Ajdrtmodktd kjk`üktdk`mk tdst puded dstmr aiophdtmodktd "hjcrd ed hm jkfhudkajm ed Jm auhturm, puds hm pripjm mphjamajñk ed prudcms hhdvm aiksj`i ukm jopirtmktd amr`m auhturmh. Qjk docmr`i dk hm matumhjeme dh kuodri ed pdrsikms ed ejvdrsms auhturms tmkti dk his adktris ed trmcmli aioi dk hm dsaudhm vm dk muodkti y dsti nmad qud sdm kdadsmrji ejspikdr ed odejems pmrm mprdajmr Jm ampmajeme jktdhdatumh kqud edpdkemk Ji odkis pisjchd ed Jm jkfhudkajm ed mspdatis dspdaïfjais edh hdk`umld, ojkjojzmkei ed dstd oiei dh sds`i rdspdati m suldtis ed ojkirïms êtkjams, i

ed dstms amtd`irïms. prdkejeis dk mh`ukm qud Dk pdrsikms dhhms sd jkahuydk mfísjais, ki

ejstjkti (Qmtthdr, kjvdh =:>>).siaji-daikñojai i hjk`øïstjai"

=.5. MWHJAMAJÑKZ FISOMUI ED J,MQ SDQWTDQUMQ Dh UIKJ-3 ki ds uk tdst ed tjdopi hjojtmei. Wmrm su meojkjstrmajñk sd rdqujdrdk mprixjomemodktd 37 ojkutis. Hm mphjamajñk dstí príatjamodktd hjcrd ed jm jkfhudkajm edh hdk`umld2 ki nmy qud dsauanmr hmr`ms dxphjamajikds, kj nmchmr, kj hddr, kj dsarjcjr pmrm mphjamr i rdspikedr mh tdst. Medoís, dh suldti tjdkd qud emr ukm rds-

M sd prdsdktmk sdjs dldophis ed dktrdkm-

pudstm aiktdstmr oïkjom pmrm hm prudcm. oitrjz qud firomk His dhdodktis dh mtdst sd prdsdktmk dk uk aumedrkjhhi (uk dhdodkti dk amem pí`jrrm). Mh prjkajpji ed hm Firom

vm(sdýmhmkei kd mquï9, dh dspmajisdýmDh jrsuldti aïi).qud jkejamrí su rdspudstm Jmkei hm sihuajñk dhd`jem i pir odeji ed itrm jkejamajñk oitrjz sj`kjfjamtjvm.

ojdkti, qud sd rdmhjzmk mktds ed aiodkzmr m aiktdstmr m his 44 dhdodktis rdmhds ed Jm prudcm2 dstis ojsois dldophis sd rdmhjzmrík aumkei sd mphjqud hm Firom C. Dh dxm-. ojkmeir emrí jms jkstruaajikds pir odeji ed `dstis i aik jkejamajikds vdrcmhds ouy crdvds, edh tjpi u¹AuíJ ed dstis ejculis tjd-

=.4. QIHTAUÑK IK WSICHDOMQ Dh aiopikdktd prjkajpmh ed his dhdodktis edh UIKJ-3 ds hm sihuajñk ed prichdoms y su aiktdkjei ds ed tjpi mcstrmati-fj`urmtjvi. Mukqud ouanis tdsts ed jktdhj`dkajm dsamhms ed Pdanshdr pmrm kjýis y -hms meuhtis PWWQJ, PJQA y PMJQ, pir ajtmr mh-

aikeuatms jktdhj`dktds, tmocjêk dxjstdk tdsts qud dvmhümk uk aiopiRdktd sjophd i uk mspdati ed Jm jktdhj`dkajm. His dldophis oís edstmamchds ed uk aikstruati sjophd ed tdsts sik, pricmchdodktd, dh Viamcuhmrji dk Joí`dkds ed Wdmciey y =ms Omtrjads Wri-

`ukis- jktdktmk rdukjr ukm vmrjdeme ed

`rdsjvms ed Smvdk. 0

 

Hk',,u Crao,r, So L, $sk¡rkiu y QusMK B. Liots¡K

Hm tmrdm ed sihuajikmr prichdoms `rífrais ed tjpi mcstrmati qud aikstjtuyd dh küahdi edh UIKJ-3 sd nm sdhdaajikmei tdkjdkei

ukm i oís ed hms fj`urms2 dh suldti edcd aiophdtmrhi sdjdaajikmkei hm rdspudstm airrdatm dktrd hms aumtri i sdjs mhtdrkmtjvms

=") Hm rdsihuajñk ed prichdoms pmrdad sdr uk aiopikdktd `dkdrmh edh aikstruati

Dk hms fj`urms qud firomk his dhdodktis edh UIKJ-3 sd tjdkdk dk audktm ukm i

aikeuatm qudsucaiopiukm nmcjjktdhj`dktd, oís hjeme "jkedpdkejdktd" i uk kdktd (Qtdrkcdr`, =:>7-=:>5). kTk mspdati prjkajpmh ed Jm jktdhj`dkajm ds hm

amrmatdrïstjams< oís ed hms sj`ujdktds om, pisjajñk, aiktj`øjeme, siocrdmei, firtmomýi, hik`jtue, oivjojdkti y meirkis. Dk his dhdodktis oís ejfïajhds jktdrvjdkdk vmrjms ed hms amrmatdrïstjams ajtmems ojdktrms qud dk his oís fíajhds sd aiksjedrmk sihm-

dk audktm eis rmzikds<

mptjtue pmrm rdsihvdr prichdoms,

(Sds-

kjab y @hmsdr, =:06). Dk hm aioukjamajñk ed Pmhtdrs y @mrekdr (=:>1) sicrd Jm tdirïm ed =m jktdhj`dkajm oühtjphd, sd jkejamcm< .Jktdhj`dkajm ds ukm mptjtue i aiklukti ed mptjtueds qud pdrojtd m uk jkejvjeui rdsihvdr prichdoms i jkvdktmr prieuatis. Hm mptjtue pmrm rdsihvdr prichdoms pdrojtd mL suldti mprixjomrsd m ukm sjtumajñk dk hm qud nmy qud hi`rmr his hiamhjzmkei sj`ujdkei amojkis medaumeis pmrmydhhi". uk icldtjvi, Hm sihuajñk ed pricjdoms ds puds ukm matjvjeme aioprdksjvm qud rdfhdlm dh kjvdh jktdhdatumh edh suldti qud jktdktm rdsihvdr dh prichdom.

3") Dk uk kjvdh aiophdtmodktd príatjai, dh priadsi ed sihuajñk ed prichdoms, dh aiktdkjei ed hms fj`urms mcstrmatms y hm fir-

om ed emr hms rdspudstms nmadk qud jm prudcm tdk`m dh amríatdr ki vdrcmh y ed rdeuajems dxj`dkajms oitrjads qud sd cusamcm mh ejsdýmr d_ UIKJ-3. Fjkmhodktd, hm firom mcstrmatm-fj`urmtjvm ed his dh.dodktis `mrmrrtjzm qud êstis dstêk hj-

crds ed hm jkfhudkajm edj hdk`umld i ed jkejamajikds auhturmhds. Hm kmturmhdzm edh aiktdkjei msd`urm tmocjêk qud dh omtdrjmh ed amem dhdodkti ds kudvi pmrm tieis his suldtis qud vmymk m rdmhjzmr hm

qud sd hd pripikdk.

odktd ukm i eis ed dhhms.

Hm ejfjauhtme muodktm pri`rdsjvmodktd y amocjm dh tjpi y küodri ed rd`hms qud ds kdadsmrji mphjamr y tdkdr dk audktm pmrm hhd`mr m Jm sihuajñk. His suldtis edcdk dxmojkmr amem dhdodkti icsdrvmkei hms ejfdrdkajms, sdodlmkzms y amocjis qud dxjstdk dk edspuês fr`urms edh qud prichdom2 mkmhjhms hms zmrík fj`urms sd pripikdk aioi mhtdrkmtjvms ed rdspudstm. Edcdk jedktjýamr hm rd`hm i rd`hms qud dstík ipdrmkei dk hms fj`urms-prichdom y, sj`ujdkei dstms rd`hms, sdhdaajikmr Jm rdspudstm airrdatm. Wmrm his dhdodktis ed omyir ejfjauhtme puded nmcdr vmrjms sihuajikds qud aiophdtdk airrdatmodktd dh oiedhi dstïouhi, pdri dktrd hms mhtdrkmjjvms ed rdspudstm sñhi sd nm jkahujei ukm sihuajñk airrdatm.

Dk his dhdodktis edh UIK h-3 mpmrdadk uki i oís ed his sj`ujdktds tjpis ed rdhmajñk<

h. Dopmrdlmojdkti

sjophd< Ucems hms fr`urms aiopmrtdk dh ojsoi küodri ed mtrjcutis arïtjais. Ki nmy ejfdrdkajm dktrd Jms fr`urms edh dstïouhi.

prudcm.

Wmrm rdsihvdr his prichdoms qud aikstjtuydk his dhdodktis edh UIKJ-3, his suldtis tjdkdk qud jedktjframr hms rdhmajikds dxjstdktds dktrd ukms fr`urms mcstrmatms y cusamr edspuês hm sihuajñk, tdkjdkei dk audktm dsms rdhmajikds. Dk amem dhdodkti sd prdsdktm uk prichdom dk dh qud sd nmk iojtjei

ÝKtrtrtrD

 

U7KJ-3. hcsr i¡ J¡r¡ua¡r,rau Ki V¡k¡,u,

3, Mkmhi`ïms< Hm rdhmajñk qud dxjstd dktrd Jms fj`urms ed ukm ed hms fjhms i aihuokms ds j`umh m Jm qud dxjstd dktrd hms fj`urms ed hm itrm frhm i aihuokm. Ejanms rdhmajikds pudedk sdr<

e. Mhtdrmajñk. Tki i oís ed his mtrjcutis i fr`urms amocjm i sufrd mhtdrmajikds.

Dopmrdlmojdkti< Ki dxjstdk ejfdrdkajms dktrd hms fj`urms.

trtrtrtrtrG

DtrDtrtrM d. Wri`rdsjñk. Qd prieuad dh ojsoi amo-

cji dk hms fj`urms i m hi hmr`i ed hm sdrjd qud firomk. i

i A

M

M

c. Mejajñk. Hms fr`urms amocjmk pir =m mejajñk ed kudvis mtrjcutis i fj`urms mejajikmhds.

M

tr

tr

trtrtrtrtri trtrtrtrGG ¹.

a. Qustrmaajñk. Hms fr`urms amocjmk pir-

qud sd djjojkmk uki i oís ed sus mtrjcutis.

x

ffj

^

+

D

D

i+

DGGtrtrtr

Ahmsjfjamaïñk. Hm fr`urm edh prichdom pdrtdkdad m uki ed his aikluktis ed ejculis qud mpmrdadk aioi mhtdrkmtjvms ed sihuajñk.

C

\

J

I

M trUk i

II Atr

o

)

tr M

f

x  q

 

HkEM CSiwK, Sru L, Q¡+¡¡¡riu y Qusdh B. Liovs¡r,h

5- Jktdrsdaajikds. Qd firom ukm kudvm fj`urm luktmkei pmrtds ed hms fj`urms qud mpmrdadk dk frhms y aihuokms.

4. Amocji pri`rdsjui. Aiktjküm dh ojsoi amocji dktrd hms fj`urms i m trmvês ed dhhms.

zX

J

i

²

trDGtrGT

ñ

ê

G

I

trqtrNtrtr

=.6. MWHJAMAJIKDQ EDH UIKJ.3 Dh UIKJ-3 ds ukm prudcm ouy dspdajmhjzmem, ed rípjem airrdaajñk y mphjamajñk qud tjdkd eis firoms dqujvmhdktds. Qu aiktdkjei pdrtdkdad m amopis ouy jjojtmeis qud su rdstrjaajikds firom ed mphjamajñk pmrm pisjchds,supik`m Jms odkirds dk his mspdatis hjk`øïstjai y oitrjz, pmrm his suldtis m qujdkds sd mphjam. Dk hms prjodrms dtmpms edh edsmrrihhi ed Jm prudcm nuci ouanms edhjcdrmajikds pmrm hhd`mr m edajsjikds edfjkjtjvms qud rdprdsdktmk mh`ukms vdktmlms d jkaikvdkjdktds pmrm =is usumrjis edh UIKJ-3.

Qu mphjamajñk Jjcrd ed Jm jkfhudkajm edh Jdk`umld y Jm rdeuajem kdadsjeme ed ukm rdspudstm oitirm nmadk edh UIKJ-3 uk jkstruodkti jedmh pmrm mphjamr m suldtis ejfjaj-

nmy qud mtrjcujrhm m ejfrauhtmeds sdksirjmhds, ed hdk`umld i oitrjads. DJ UIKJ-3 rdsuhtm sjk`uhmrodktd medaumei pmrm rdmhjzmr dvmhumajikds dk dstms sjtumajikds dspdajmhds. Emei qud aiktdkjeiukm auhturmh ds ouy rdeuajei, ki su rdprdsdktm edsvdktmlm sdksjchd pmrm suldtis qud ki dstêk fmojhjmrjzmeis aik hm auhturm iaajedktmh. Dh UIKJ-3 puded sdr uk arjtdrj.i ed odejem pmrm jkvdstj`majikds dk hms qud sd trmtd ed dvmhumr i aiopricmr hm dfdatjvjeme ed Jis pri`rmoms mphjameis m his mhuokis. Edh ojsoi oiei rdsuhtm jkejamei pmrm hm dvm-

humajñk pdrjñejam ed suldtis qud rdajcdk trmtmojdkti dk aJïkjams y mocjdktds sjojhmrds dk his qud his rdsuhtmeis pudedk dstmr sdrjmodktd aiktmojkmeis aumkei sd mphjam

Qu ojsoi ds dkvdktmlm ejfdrdktds tdstukm dh oísiamsjikds. crdvdeme dk sjtumajikds dk hms qud dh usi m qud sd edstjkm hm jkfiromajñk ki lustjfjqud =m mphjamajñk ed prudcms qud rdqujdrmk ouani tjdopi y ds-

hds dxmojkmr.his tjpi ed suldtis Dktrd qud dstd amcdedodkajikmr nmk aiktrmïei i edsmrrihhmei mh`ük tjpi ed mfmsjm u itris prichdoms sdvdris edh hdk`umld2 his sireis i his qud tjdkdk ejfrauhtmeds muejtjvms2 his qud ki tjdkdk uk sufjajdktd eiojkji edh jejiom (ki sik ampmads ed hddrhi i dsarjcjrhi) y his qud, m amusm ed pmríJjsjs adrdcrmh, hdsjikds ed amcdzm i `ihpds, tjdkdk ejfjauhtmeds ed hdk`umld i oitrjads. Qj m hms pdrsikms aik dstms amrmatdrïstjams sd hds mphjamk prudcms trmejajikmhds ed pmpdj y hípjz u itri tjpi ed prudcms qud rdqujdrmk hm aioprdksjñk y usi edh hdk`umld irmh, ki sd puded smcdr aik

Wir dh aiktrmrji, mh`ukms ed =ms vdktmlms ed= UIKJ-3 sd aikvjdrtdk dk edsvdktmlms dk ajdrtms sjtumajikds. JLk amsi m sdýmjmr ds hm hjojtmem vmrjdeme edh aiktdkjei edh tdst. Edhjcdrmemodktd sd nm rdstrjk`jei dh aiktdkjei ed sus dhdodktis m hm sihuajñk ed prichdoms. Wir dhji, =is rdsuhtmeis

sd`urjeme sjed cmlm sd edcd ukm i sjm ampmajeme jktdhdatumh edfrajdkajms supuktumajñk

suldti tdst ki jkejamk edh jktdhjdk aumhqujdr ed aikeuatm edh itri tjpi Jm nmcjhjeme

=7

fudrzi.

 

U7KJ-3. hcsr

`dktd. Nmy qud tdkdr prdsdktd qud dh UIKJ-3 ki jktdktm rddophmzmr m itrms

prudcms ed jktdhj`dkajm i ed mptjtueds mophjmodktd pricmems y fukemodktmems. Oís cjdk sd pripikd sdr uk jkstruodkti ütjh dk his amsis dk qud ki sdm pisjchd ictdkdr rdsuhtmeis aik dsms itrms prudcms m amusm ed hms ejfjauhtmeds qud rdprdsdktmk pmrm mh`ukis suldtis his mspdatis oitrjads i ed hdk`umld qud jhdvm aiksj`i Jm firom dk qud sd rdmhjzm jm mphjamajñk y sd emk hms rdspudstms dk ejanms prudcms. Uckjdkei dk audktm dstms aiksjedrmajikds, dh UIKJ-3 puded sdr utjhjzmei aik uk cudk omr`dk ed aikfrmkzm pmrm his sj`ujdktds icldtjvis<

r¡ Jr'rr¡r,rakrarM

Ki VToMH

m) Dstjomr hm mptjtue y fukajikmojdkti jktdhdatumh. c) Jedktjfjamr m his suldtis dk qujdkds sd sispdand mh`ük edtdrjiri jktdhdatumh, dspdajmhodktd mqudhhis auyis rdsuhtmeis dk his tdsts pudemk rdsuhtm¡ eueisis amusm ed sus edfjajdkajms ads im ed hdk`umld.

oitrj-

a) Vdrjfjamr rdsuhtmeis.

e) F irouhmr njpñtdsjs qud pudemk sdrvjr ed `uïm pmrm ukm jktdrvdkajñk i pistdrjirds dvmhumajikds. d) Wriydatis ed jkvdstj`majñk.

==

 

Ho.h Ckio, So L. Qruks¡h,{iu y Qus¡h,h B. Likvs¡u

3. KISJX{MQ ED MWHJAMAJÑK Z AISSDAAJÑK 3.=. KISOMQ @DKDSMHDQ ED MWHJAMAJÑK

Dh UIKJ-3

sd mphjam sj`ujdkei ukms kiroms aikardtms y fjlms y sd airr.j`d aik ukis

arjtdrjis icldtjvis< dstms eis aumhjemeds nmadk ed ê= uk jkstruodkti tjpjfjamei y pdrojtdk rdeuajr hms fudktds ed drrir mldkms m hm vmrjmkzm edh tdst. Wir dhhi sd rdaiojdkem m Jms pdrsikms qud vmymk m utjhjzmr dh UIKJ-3 qud sj`mk jms jkstruaajikds ed dstd ampïtuhi aik hm omyir prdajsjñk pisjchd.

DJ UIKJ-3 ki ds ukm prudcm ejfjajh

ed

mphjamr, mukqud Jm dsamsm jktdrvdkajñk edh hdk`umld irmh puded rdsuhtmr piai nmcjtumh pmrm his dxmojkmeirds. Wir dJ=i, ds prdajsi hddr aujemeismodktd dJ Omkumh y fmojhjmrjzmrsd aik sus dhdodktis mktds ed mphjamrhm. Ds jopirtmktd qud dh dxmojkmeir aioprdkem hm tdirïm qud aikstjtuyd hm cmsd edh tdst, sus amrmatdrïstjams têakjams y su airrdatm utjhjzmajñk. Emem hm jopirtmkajm qud tjdkd aikiadr m fikei his priadejojdktis ed mphjamajñk y puktumajñk, sd rdaiojdkem qud his dxmojkmeirds kivdhds rdmhjadk mh odkis trds mphjamajikds ed príatjam, utjhjzmkei dJ UIKJ-3 dk ukm sjtumajñk ed dvmhumajñk rdmh. Mh`ukms audstjikds sicrd d= usi airrdati i d= priadejojdkti ed mphjamajñk sd pudedk rdsihvdr vihvjdkei m hddr edtdkjemodktd dstd Omkumh.

Dh UIKJ-3 tjdkd eis firoms dqujvmhdkHis tds, M y C (cmrdomems pir sdpmrmei). pudedk utjhjzmr dxmojkmeirds aumhqujdrm ed dhhms, sd`ük hi ardmk aikvdkjdktd, sjk ihvjemr qud dxjstd pmrm amem ukm ed dhhms ukm cmrdomajñk jkedpdkejdktd. D= ndani ed ejspikdr ed eis firoms nmad qud dh UIKJ-3 rdsuhtd dspdajmhodktd ütjh dk sjtumajikds dk qud sdmk prdajsms odejems prdvjms y pistdrjirds m ukm edtdrojkmem matumajñk, pir dldophi, hm dvmhumajñk edh pri`rdsi ed his dsaihmrds edspuês ed hm

rdmhjzmajñk ed uk pri`rmom, hms dvmhumajikds pdrjñejams y itrms sjtumajikds dk qud sd pudem prieuajr ukm aiktmojkmajñk sj`-

U3

kjfjamtjvm m amusm ed hm mphjamajñk ed hm

prudcm dk ejvdrsms iamsjikds. Nmy qud tdkdr dk audktm qud hms y sik dstrjatmodktd pmrmhdhms. eis firoms M C ki

Qj dxjstd mh`ukm rmzñk pmrm sispdanmr qud his rdsuhtmeis edh UIKJ-3 ki rdfhdlmk aik dxmatjtue =m mptjtue edh sujdti, sd rdai-

ojdkem aikfjromrhis mphjamkei Jm firom mJtdrkmtjvm, aik ukis eïms ed jktdrvmhi.

Mukqud dh UIKJ-3 ds ukm odejem ki vdrcmh, dJ dxmojkmeir puded nmchmr aik his suldtis mktds ed aiodkzmr dJ dxmodk, dstmchdajdkei uk cudk mocjdktd y dxphjamkei dh pripñsjti ed hm prudcm. Dk aumhqujdr amsi, eurmktd dsms aikvdrsmajikds, sd dvjtmrík hms pmhmcrms qud tdk`mk amr`m doiajikmh aioi tdst ed jktdhj`dkajm i aiajdktd jktdhdatumh. Dk hms mphjamajikds rdmhjzmems dk Dspmým nm sjei kdadsmrji jktrieuajr ukm pd-

qudým oiejframajñk dk hms jkstruaajikds emkei ukm crdvd jkejamajñk vdrcmj ("¹Auí= ed dstms ý`urms edcd

jr mquï9").

JLkm vdz jkjajmem hm mphjamajñk, sd puded mhmcmr i mkjomr mh suldti utjhjzmkei `dstis i oivjojdktis ed hms omkis dk hu`mr ed pmhmcrms2 tmocjêk sd pudedk nmadr mh`ukis aiodktmrjis qud rdfhdldk hm dxmatjtue i dh vmhir ed hms rdspudstms edj suldti.

DJ UIKJ-3 sd mphjamrí dk uk hu`mr añoiei, cjdk jhuojkmei y cjdk vdktjhmei. Dstd hu`mr edcdrí omktdkdrsd trmkqujhi y hjcrd ed ejstrmaajikds. Dh dxmojkmeir sd dsfitzmrí pmrm ardmr uk dktirki qud trmksojtm sdksmajñk ed aikfjmkzm y rdsdrvm m hm pdrsikm qud dstí rdmhjzmkei dh dxmodk.

Hm mphjamajñk sd rdmhjzm kiromhodktd

ed firom jkejvjeumh, pdri tmocjêk sd puded

mphjamr ed firom sjouhtíkdm m `rupis

pd-

qudýis sj`ujdkei hms jkstruaajikds dspdaïframs qud sd jkahuydk dk dstd Omkumh.

 

U7KJ-3, Jcsr

rr h,rr¡uarr,rak Ki V¡k¡¡,

3.3. KISOMQ DQWDAÏFJAMQ Wmrm msd`urmrsd ed qud dJ UIKJ-3

sd qud sd

mphjam sj`ujdkei jms ojsoms kiroms utjhjzmrik pmrm ictdkdr his emtis ed tjpjfjamajñk, his dxmojkmeirds edcdrík sd`ujr his priadejojdktis dspdaïfjais qud sd jkejamk m aiktjkumajñk<

i Edtdrojkmr auíJ ed =ms Firoms edh UIKJ-3 sd vm m mphjamr. Kiromhodktd sd mphjamrí hm Firom M dk hm prjodrm iamsjñk qud sd dxmojkd mh suldti y hm Firrkm C aumkei sd hd edcm dxmojkmr dk iamsjikds pistdrjirds.

. Wrdpmrmr dh hu`mr edh dxmodk. Qd edcd

ejspikdr ed ukm odsm u itrm supdrfjajd p=mkm, ukm sjhhm pmrm dh dxmojkmeir y itrm pmrm dh suldti. Sdsujtm ouy ütjh ejspikdr ed uk amcmhhdtd ed odsm i uk

aihiamr dh aumedrki ed híojmtrjhedpmrm kms Jm prudcm.

. Sdukjr his omtdrjmhds kdadsmrjis pmrm d= dxmodk.

DJ dxmojkmeir kdadsjtmrí

uk dldopjmr edh Aumedrki ed híojkms, uk dldophmr ed hm Nilm ed mkitmajñk y uk hípjz.

. Dxphjamr dh pripñsjti ed =m mphjamajñk v Jm firom dk qud sd vmk m utjhjzmr his

rdsuhtmeis, priaurmkei dstmchdadr aik dh suldti ukm rdhmajñk qud dstjouhd Jm aihmcirmajñk d jktdrês dk hm prudcm. i

Wdejr mJ suldti qud dsarjcm his emtis ed jedktjfjamajñk qud sd sihjajtmk dk hm Nilm ed mkitmajñk. Mh`ukms pdrsikms pudedk kdadsjtmr myuem m hm nirm ed pripirajikmr dstm jkfiromajñk2 pdri dk ouanms iamsjikds his dxmojkmkeis dkaudktrmk jktdrdsmktd hm tmrdm ed aiophdtmr pir sï ojsois dstm jkfi¡omajñk mktds ed aiodkzmr =m prudcm.

. Aihiamr dh aumedrki ed =íojkms, sj ds pisjchd sicrd uk amcmhhdtd i mtrjh, frdktd mh suldti ed omkdrm qud tmkti êstd pudemk aioi dh dhdvdr hisedcd odktis. dxmojkmeir DJ aumedrki ed híojkms

dstmr irjdktmei ed firom qud his dstïouhis ed amem dhdodkti dstêk dk hm pmrtd supdrjir ed hm pí`jkm y hms ipajikds ed rdspudstm dk Jm pmrtd jkfdrjir. Aiodkzmr hm mphjamajñk aik dh prjodr . dldophi ed dktrdkmojdkti (híojkm D=).

Qdýmhmr Jm sdaudkajm ed his dstïouhis y edspuês dh aumermei vmaïi, ojrmr mh suldti ed firom jktdrri`mtjvm y prd`uktmr' "¹Auíh ed dstis ejculis edcd jr mquï9, (dstm prd`uktm sd puded iojtjr aumkei dh suldti nmym aioprdkejei hm tmrdm). Qdýmhmr Jm prjodrm mjtdrkmtjvm ed rdspudstm y hud`i dJ hu`mr vmaïi. Oivdr hm amcdzm jkejamkei ksï" i "ki,, sd`ük sdm airrdatm i ki. Nmadr dsti aik amem mhtdrkmtjvm. Mkjomr mh suldti m qud jkejqud tmocjêk sj ds airrdatm i ki aiophdtd his ajkai dhdpdejrhdedqud yodktis dktrdkmojdkti sj`ujdktds sjk oís dxphjamajikds, sj sd pdrajcd ahmrmodktd qud nm aioprdkejei dh priadsi. Aumkei uk suldti rdspiked ed firom jopuhsjvm i pmrdad ki aioprdkedr }m tmrdm, edspuês ed mphjamrhd his sdjs dldophis ed dktrdkmojdkti, sd jd vihvdrík m mphjamr his ojsois dldophis. Qj, edspuês ed hm sd`ukem mphjamajñk ed his dldophis ed dktrdkmojdkti, aiktjküm. rdspikejdkei ed firom jopuhsjvm i em oudstrms ed ki nmcdr aioprdkejei, aioi sd dspdrmcm, sd jktdrruopd hm

dktrdkmprudcm.kiHis dhdodktis ojdkti y dhed sd puktümk dxmojkmeir ki tiomrí kitm ed hms rdspudstms airrdspikejdktds m dhhis.

. Aumkei dh suldti, edspuês ed rdmhjzmr his dldophis ed dktrdkmojdkti em

oudstrms ed nmcdr aioprdkejei =m tmrdm, sd aiktjküm mphjamkei his dhdodktis rdmhds ed hm prudcm. Qd aiopricmrí qud dh aumedrki ed híojkms ed ejculis sd prdsdktm ed oiei qud mktd dh suldti mpmrdzamk =is dhdodktis airrdspikejdktds m hm firom qud sd qujdrd mphjamr. Hm edtrís Firom edh jkodejmtmodktd M aiojdkzm ühtjoi dldophi, his =1

 

Hk¡r

Ckiwr, So L. Qokkrriu

r Qus,u'¡ B, Lios¡t

dhdodktis ed Jm Firom C dstík joprdsis dk dJ rdvdrsi ed his ed Jm Firom M. Dk hms eis pirtmems edh Aumedrki ed Jíojkms sd jkejam ahmrmodktd hm firom qud aiojdkzm dk dsd hmei. Wmrm suldtis ed ouy piais mýis i ed demeds mvmkzmems, pmrm mqudhhis dk qujdkds sd sispd-

i Hms rdspudstms sd rdfhdlmk dk hm Nilm ed mkitmajñk riedmkei i trmzmkei ukm "^" sicrd d} küodri ed _m mhtdrkmtjvm sdhdaajikmem pir dh suldti. Hm Fj`urm 3 oudstrm dh küodri airrdspikejdktd m amem ipajñk ed rdspudstm. Dh dxmojkmeir mh mkitmr hm mhtdrkmtjvm dhd`jem pir

and sj`kjýamtjvi odktmh pmrmedtdrjiri his qud nmymk oistrmei ejfjauhtm-y

smcdd=sjküsuldti dk dhdodkti hm dJ rdspudstm ds amem madrtmem i ki puds odri qud airrdspiked m hm rdspudstm airrdatm dstí joprdsi dk aihir mz.2.th. Hm Fj`urm 1 oudstrm ukm Nilm airrdatm-

eds mJ rdsihvdr his dldophis ed dktrdkmojdkti, hm mphjamajñk aiodkzmrí dk dh dhdodkti M= (>=, sj sd utjhjzm hm Firom C). Wmrm dh rdsti ed his suldtis Jm mphjamajñk aiodkzmrí dk dh dhdodkti qud hd airrdspikem sd`ük hm tmchm qud sd prdsdktm m aiktjkumajñk. Dk hm Nilm ed mkitmajñk mpmrdadk tmocjêk jkejamems dstms pmutms ed mphjamajñk.

Deme edh suldti (mýis) 4 m0

>m:

=7m=3

h1 m 0 =>m37

3= i oís

. Hm iredkmajñk ed his dhdodktis

pdrojtd hm utjhjzmajñk edj aikadpti ed uocrmh y tdani qud rdeuadk sustmkajmhodktd dh tjdopi edh dxmodk. Hm mphjamajñk sd prihik`m nmstm qud dh suldti aiktdstd mh dhdodkti 544 (i C44) i nmstm qud nmym emei ajkai rdspudstms drrñkdms

Aiojdkzi ed hm mphjamajñk

(dhdodktis) M= i>=

M5 iC5

M>i>>

ê[03

iCh3

5=0 i C=0

O3iC33

. Wmrm mphjamr

amem dhdodkti ed hm prudcm sd sd`ujrí dJ ojsoi priadejojdkti qud dk his dldophis< sdýmhmr dh aumermei i his aumermeis vmaïis qud mpmrdadk dk amem prichdom, jkejamr aik uk `dsti hms rdspudstms qud sd pripikdk, kudvi dJ Ju`mr vmaïi y ojrmr jktdrri`mtjsdýmjmr ed vmodktd mh suldti prd`uktíkeihd *¹AuíJ ed dstis ejculis edcd jr mquï9".

Qd pdrojtjrí qud êstd jkejqud hm rdspudstm qud nm dhd`jei sdýmhmkei aik dh edei i jkøaíkeihm ed aumhqujdr itrm firom ki vdrcmh y sj`trjfjamtjvm2 sd hd aikadedrí tiei dh tjdopi qud pmrdzam kdadsjtmr pmrm rdsihvdr amem dhdodkti, pdri ki sd edcd pdrojtjr qud pjdrem dh tjdopi i qud icsdrvd his dhdodktis eurmktd edomsjmei rmti. Edspuês ed 37 ñ 17 sd`ukeis, hm pricmcjhjeme ed ukm rdspudstm airrdatm ejsojhuyd kitmcjdodktd.

t5

odktd omramem.

.

aiksdautjvms (tdani). Aumkei dh suldti jhd`m mh dhdodkti 544 i >44 i mhamr.zm su tdani (ajkai rdspudstms drrñkdms aiksdautjvms), sd jktdrruopd Jm prudcm y sd rdvjsmk hms rdspudstms ed his prjodris dhdodktis qud sd Jd mphjamrik pmrm edtdrojkmr sj sd nm mhamkzmei dh uocrmh. Dh uocrmh dstí aikstjtujei pir ajkai rdspudstms aiksdautjvms airrdatms. Qj dh suldti ki nm mhamkzmei uk uocrmh (ki nm emei ajkai rdspudstms airrdatms aiksdautjvms) y sj dh dxmodk ki nm aiodkzmei dk dhdodkti sd vudHvd mh pukti M=(dJi prjkdr dh ed pmrtjem >=, dhdodkti mphjamei) y sd aiktjküm Jm prudcm dk iredk jkvdrsi. nmsHm aiksd`ujr ajkai rdspudstms airrdatms aiksdautjvms i JJd`mr mh dL.dodkti M= i >=.

¡ Qd em pir aikahujem =m prudcm

aumkei sd nmym mhamkzmei dJ tdani (ajkai rds-

pudstms jkairrdatms aiksdautjvms i mphjamajñk edh dhdodkti M44 i >44) y dh

uocrmh (ajkai rdspudstms airrdatms aiksdautjvms i mphjamajñk edh dhdodkti M= i >=). Dk iamsjikds puded rdsuhtmr kdadsmrji mphjamr hm prudcm aiophdtm.

U7KJ-3. hcsr i¡

JKor,rau,{arM Ki VUSCMU

 

i m i 5

J

tr tr r tr

hih 6

4

J

h

G

3

i i i i i i i i G G G i G G G 5

Fj`urm 3. Kuodrmajñk

ed hms ipajikds ed rdspudstm =4

 

Hkru Criwr, Sru L. Qoksrr,hiu y Qus.aK B. Lio,rs¡r'h

4-0

h.

J

54

31 31

3. 1. J

=

t 3 1 ^ 34.Z3154 36. = 3 Z 5 30 = 5 35.

6 ê

M4

6

3>. r 3:. t 17. r 1=. J 13. J 11. J

>-:

5=

3

1

M

4

6

J

3

1

4

6

3

1

5 5

4

6

3

1

5

4

6

4.

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=. J

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:.r

=7. h

hhJ

3

1

M

4

ñ

3

1

H

4

6

3

1

M

4

ñ

3

1

5

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h1-t0 =3.

t1.

/

3 3

=

=5. h =4. J

3

J

3

tñ

3

t>-37

=0.) rC. r =:. r 37. = 3).x

5t J 53. = ¹1. J 55. = 54. J 56. J 5=. J 5>. J 5:) 47. J 4t J

^ M 5 ¹ 5 5 5 M M 5 5 55

3h y oñs

3 3 3 3 3

15

^5 15

1x x5

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3 3 3

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6 ñ 6 ñ

. D dodkti urkcrih . Sdspudshis airrdahis dktrd uocrih y fdani i fk . Wukjuia ñk ejrdati

Fj`rrrm 1. Nilm ed mkitmajñk omramem airrdatmodktd =6

i .h

i

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s 1

14. J 1ñ. J 10. J 1>. J

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3 3 x 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 33 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

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U7KJ-3, hcsr

¡¡ Hhr¡ua¡Kau Ki V¡ku¡r

3.1. MWHJAMAJÑK AIHDAUJVM Mukqud dh UIKJ-3 sd nm ejsdýmei pmrm mphjamrhi ed firom jkejvjeumh, amcd =m pisjcjhjeme ed mphjamrhi tmocjêk ed firom aihdatjvm m `rupis kuy pdqudýis (ajkai sujdtis aioi oíxjoi) sjk pdrlujaji pmrm su vmhjedz Sdmhodktd sd trmtm ed ukm fjmcjhjeme. ymphjamajñk sjouhtíkdm, oís qud aihdatjvm, puds his suldtis rdajcdk =ms jkstruaajikds jkejvjeumhodktd y trmcmlmk dk dhdodktis ejstjktis. Dk dstd amsi ds prdajsi qud rdmhjad =m mphjamajñk ukm pdrsikm qud aikizam ouy cjdk hm prudcm y qud tdk`m ouanm dxpdrjdkajm dk su omkdli, pmrtjauhmrodktd dk hm firom ed dstmchdadr dh uocrmh y dh tdani ed Jm ojsom. Dk hm mphjamajñk aihdatjvm i sjouhtíkdm, priadejojdktis `dkdrmhds dxpudstis mkhis tdrjirodktd sd omktjdkdk sjk amocjis. Hms dspdaïfjams sd jkahuydk dk =is jkstruaajikds pírrmfis sj`ujdktds<

. Qd aihiamrí uk Aumedrki ed híojkms,

irjdktíkeihi ed Jm ojsom firom qud dk =m mphjamajñk jkejvjeumh y, sj ds pisjchd, dk uk amcmhhdtd i mtrjh, frdktd m amem uki ed his suldtis ed omkdrm qud tmkti êstd aioi dh dxmojkmeir pudemk vdr his ejculis.

. Qd aioj.dkzm mphjamkei edh oiei nmcjtumh dJ prjodr dhdodkti ed dktrdkmojdkti D= m= prjodr suldti. Hud`i

sd

dhdmphjamrí, ojsom omkdrm, odkti D=ed mh Jm ¡dsti ed his suldtis,dsd uki m

uki. Qd matumrí ed hm ojsom firom aik Jis edoís dldophis.

i Aumkei nmymk aiophdtmei airrdatmodktd =is dldophis ed dktrdkmojdkti,

sd priaded m =m mphjamajñk ed =m prudcm pripjmodktd ejanm, sj`ujdkei dh priadejojdkti kiromh, aiopricmkei qud mktd amem suldti mpmrdzamk =is dhdodktis airrdspike jdk tds m hm firom qud sd hd vm m mphjamr. Hm mphjamajñk aiodkzmrí, pmrm amem uki, dk dJ dhdodkti qud hd airrdspikem sd`ük su deme i dk dh prjodr dhdodkti sj ds kdadsmrji, mtdkejdkei m hms kiroms ed mphjamajñk.

. Qd mphjamrí dh prjodr dhdodkti (d= qud hd airrdspikem) mh prjodr suldti y hud`i sd nmrí hi ojsoi aik amem uki ed his edoís. Dh suldti jkejamrí su dhdaajñk sdýmhmkei hm rdspudstm aik dh edei i ed

aumhqujdr itrm firom sj`kjfjamtjvm, aiki dk hm mphjamajñk jkejøeumh, aikadejêkeihd tmkti tjdopi aioi pmrdzam kdadsmrji, pdri sjk pdrojtjr qud pjdrem dh tjdopi icsdrvmkei his dhdodktis eurmktd edomsjmei rmti. Aioi ym sd nm jkejamei, edspuês ed 37 ñ 17 sd`ukeis Jm pricmcjhjeme ed qud uk suldti sdýmhd =m rdspudstm airrdatm ejsojkuyd kitm-, chdodktd. Qd rdpdtjrí dsti aik amem uki ed his aiopikdktds edh `rupi y hud`i sd sd`ujrí mphjamkei dh dhdodkti sj`ujdktd suldti sd pmuHm. mh prjodr hm mphjamajik sr`ujdkei ydstm aiktjkumrí

3.5. AIKEUAJIKDQ KDADQMSJMQ WMSMMWHJAMS DH UIKJ.3 D^MOJKMEIS

Dh UIKJ-3 puded sdr mphjamei pir prifdsirds, psjañji`is, deuameirds y itris pri-

fdsjikmhds aumjjframeis qud nmymk hdïei aik

mtdkajñk hms jkstruaajikds edh Omkumh y

qud hms sj`mk aik dxmatjtue. Medoís ed su firomajñk aioi prifdsjikmhds, edcdk tdkdr

dspdaïfjai dvmhumajñky uk dktrdkmojdkti qud jkahuym aikiajojdktis psjaiodtrïm ed dk

ed his priadejojdktis ed dxmodk aik tdsts, msï aioi ed his usis y mcusis ed hms kiroms dstmeïstjams y hms puktumajikds ed his ojskris. Umocjêk edcdrík pisddr aikiajkrjdktis rdfdrdktds m =m jktdhj`dkajm i =ms mptjtueds y mh írdm dspdaïfjam edh dxmodk.

Tk cudk prifdsjikmh ed hm dvmhumajñk edcd añoi sd mh`ukisy aikstrujei nmksd tdsts smcdr dspdaïfjais, añoi edcdk utjhjzmr =0

 

Hku

Ckior, Sru L, Qok¡uqiu v Qus¡¡h B. Liohs¡r'r

añoi sd edcdk puktumr d jktdrprdtmr. Umocjêk edcd smcdr dvmhumr hm amhjeme y Jms am-

rmatdrïstjams ed his tdsts ejspikjchds pmrm msd`urmrsd ed qud dophdm his odlir aikstrujeis y his oís medaumeis pmrm amem amsi.

Wmrm aiksd`ujr ukm cudkm meojkjstrmajñk ed aumhqujdr tdst ds ouy rdaiodkemchd uk dktrdkmojdkti príatjai supdrvjsmei. Kiromhodktd dstm firomajñk sd ictjdkd m trmvês ed aursis ukjvdrsjtmrjis i ed sdojkmrjis i sdsjikds ed trmcmli ir`mkjzmems pir dktjemeds prifdsjikmhds i doprdsms prjvmems.

Dk tieis his amsis, his dxmojkmeirds

mýis 7 odsds y >4 mýis == odsds. Emems sus amrmatdrïstjams dstí pmrtjauhmrodktd jkejamei pmrm jis jkejvjeuis qud pudedk rdsuhtmr pdrluejameis dk hm mphjamajñk ed tdsts trmejajikmhds ed pmpdh y hípjz qud rdqujdrdk uk eiojkji sj`kjfjamtjvi ed= hdk`umld, hdaturm, ampmajeme muejtjvm i dsarjturm. Dsti mfdatm dspdajmhodk dspdajmhodktd td m suldtis qud tjdkdk, i sd sispdanm qud pudedk tdkdr, prichdoms ed hdk`umld tmhds aioi mfmsjm mequjrjem i edsmrrihhmem, m his qud pmedadk siredrm i prichdoms jopirtmktds ed iïei, m Jis qud ki nmchmk dh jejiom aik sufrajdktd fhujedz i qud ki Ji hddk kj dsarjcdk, m his qud tjdkdk prichdoms oitrjads edcjeis m pmríhjsjs adrdcrmh, Jdsjikds ed amcdzm u itrms amusms.

edcdrík mtdkdrsd m hms kiroms ed mphjamajñk d jktdrprdtmajñk ed his tdsts qud nmymk sjei meiptmeis pir su dsaudhm i pir su doprdsm.

D= UIKJ-3 ki jktdktm rddophmzmr m itrms cmtdrïms ed dvmhumajñk firomems pir vmrjms prudcms, pdri aikstjtuyd ukm mhtdrkmtjvm jktdrdsmktd pmrm suldtis qud prdsdk-

QTLDUI

dspdajmhds ed prichdoms tdk hm sjtumajñk aumkei dh dxmojdxmodk. Qd edcd utjhjzmr dk kmeir tdk`m euems sicrd Jis rdsuhtmeis ed itris tdsts ed jktdjj`dkajm oís mophjis m amusm ed su pitdkajmh amr`m aiktmojkmktd

Dh UIKJ-3 sd puded mphjamr m suldtis

qud tdk`mk demeds aioprdkejems dktrd

4

ed hdk`umld i ed mspdatis oitrjads.

3.4. UJDOWI ED J,MWSJ_DCM Dh UIKJ-3 ki tjdkd uk tjdopi hjojtmei.

His suldtis pudedk tiomrsd dh qud kdadsjtdk pmrm rdspikedr m amem dhdjkdkti, sjk docmr-

`i ki sd edcd pdrojthr qud ejvm`udk edomsjmei2 `dkdrmhodktd, sd dophdmk dktrd =4 y 37 ojkutis dk hm mphjamajñk ed amem firom.

3.6. AISSDAAJÑK Hm puktumajñk ejrdatm sd amhauhm edtdr-

ojkmkei dJ küodri ed rdspudstms airrdatms d jkairrdatms emems pir dJ suldti, mphjamkei dJ uocrmh y dh tdani.

Eurmktd Jm mphjamajñk edh UIKJ-3, d= dxmojkmeir mkitmrí hms rdspudstms emems pir dJ suldti riedmkei i trmzmkei ukm ,ø

Qj Jm rdspudstm ds jkairrdajm sd dsarjcjrí uk adri i ukm hïkdm nirjziktmh dk ejani hu`mr Hm fr`urm 5, qud mpmrdad m aiktjkumajñk, oudstrm hm firom ed nmadrhi.

Mphjamajñk edh aikadpti ed uocrmh y tdani

sicrd dJ küodri ed Jm mhtdrkmtjvm sdhdaajikm-

em pir d= suldti dk amem dhdodkti. Mh rdmhj zm¡ hm airrdaajñk sd dsarjcjrí uk = dk dh hu`mr

Edspuês, d= dxmojkmeir edcdrí jedktjfjamr dh dhdodkti uocrmh. Qd mhamkzm dJ uocrmh aumkei dh suldti aiksj`ud ajkai rds-

edstjkmei mkitmr hm puktumajñk WE) airrdatm. rdspudstm nmym sjei (aihuokm aumkeim Jm

pudstms aiksdautjvms airrdatms. Dh dhdodkti dhdodkdstis ajkai uocrmh ds dh ühtjoi ed

=>

 

U7KJ-3. hcsr DLDOWHI

DLDOW HI3

--U

=

=-

¹

3

5

5

=

i ) i

4 6

,t

J.t

s

=7

---f rz .t r< ---hu, J ts qrd ,h ==

m -= h

=0

Jtm ¡,h H`h

zi) tG I33 hzC i35

oc¡mh

i i

i ñ

hzs

ñ36 i 3'0 i3>

7 Gh 1= 90

5= | 53 J ¹sh 55 J 54 J ¹ih mth ¹d | ¹sh| si

5=

5)

51 55 54 56 50 5> 5`

sr | szh ssh ., =

47 4=

43

uocrmh v ¹h tdani

WE

tirmr

-¹ 1

r` 37 zt t""j,i G 31 ¡hñ31 35 J 34 J 36 JUzm 3= J 3> J

¹i J

1:

57

=h 8- X Tocrmh K'ed rdspudstms ') .i¡¡..tms dktrd êh ------s

$ =6ñ=6 t0ñt0 tC

>3 J 1> J 15 J 14 HJ 16 | 19 h+7 1> = ssh

J

1S

ssh

nmv

j

h

sh ri ---U ---{ krs -U

J

J

J

=5

hj

+3:

rC ) --f rs --U k -0- zt ) zz i,h zs35 ) ztzm --U

u-u.,t --hñ17G--.= --0rr =- szst --U --0- s+

--6- 1s¡m J st i1> ) 1s --0--0- k +t J qz

,hi+¡q+ I54

=56 J --0- qdk ---0i5d si --0-

st ,= sz =41D,

[ --,f¡

4 jkejam qud his rdsuhtmeis ed= suldti sd sjtümk ukm edsvjmajñk tïpjam pir edcmli ed hm odejm ictdkjem pir dh `rupi ed su ojsom deme ed Jm oudstrm kiromtjvm. Dh aiajdktd =77 ds dxmatmodktd hm odejm, ds edajr dh kiromh dk uk `rupi ed deme. Qj dh aiajdktd ictdkjei pir uk suldti ds ===, sus rdsuhtmeis dstík mh`i pir dkajom edh kjvdh odeji.

His aiajdktds y itrms puktumajikds tïpjams rdsuhtmk dk mh`ukis mspdatis oís ütjhds qud his adktjhds, mukqud mocis sd amhauhmk m pmrtjr ed Jm ejstrjcuajñk ed =ms puktumajikds ejrdatms. His aiajdktds sik emtis ed jktdrvmj`r.rmhds y sd pudedk aiopmrmr ejrdatmhis puktumajikds tïpjams qud odktd aik itrms tdk`mk hm ojsom odejm y edsvjmajñk tïpjam. Dsti pdrojtd aiopmrmr his rdsuhtmeis ed uk

6,>0 06,H3 5:,4=

t6,=3

6,>0 3,15

suldti aik dJ `rupi kiromtjvi y tmocjêk aik his rdsuhtmeis qud nmym aiksd`ujei dk itris tdsts mphjameis mJ ojsoi tjdopi i dk

itrms iamsjikds. His aiajdktds sd pudedk suomr y rdmhjzmr aik dh=is aíhauhis dstmeïstjais, pir dhhi rdsuh.tmk ouy medaumeis pmrm ejvdrsms jkvdstj`maji jkvdstj`majikds. kds. Ed ndani, uk aiajdktd puded sdr aiopmrmei aik aumh.qujdr itrm puktumajñk tïpjam.

Hm Umchm 3 rdsuhtm pmrtjauhmrodktd ütjh aumkei sd trmtm ed aiopmrmr puktumajikds

ed vmrjis tdsts2 pmrm dhhi cmstmrí aik hiamhjzmr hm pukhumajñk tïpjam qud sd qujdrd aiopmrmr y cusamr su dqujvmhdktd dk hm aihuo-

km airrdspikejdktd. Wir dldophi, uk

aiajdktd :7 dqujvmhd m -7,60 dk puktumajikds z, m 51 dk puktumajikds U, mh dkdmtjpi 5 y mh adktjh 34. Dstms puktumajikds pudedk sdr aiopmrmems dstmeïstjamodktd i ed firom vjsumh dk dh pdrfrh.

J

31

 

Hkih Ckio, Skq L. $kk¡rr,{iu v Quso B. Lik'hsk¡

Umchm 3. Aikvdrsjñk ed puktumajikds tïpjams dk adktjhds y AJ edh UIKJ-3 Wukt. adktjh

AJ edh UIKJ-3

::

=47

:: :: :: :>

054 =57

:4 :=

>5 04 cñ

47 34 =6 a¡

43 = = =

=14

=17 034

r37 ==4 ==7 =74

=77

Wukt.

Q

qq qi qq

:: :3 >4 0> 00 65

th

Wukt.

z

>1

+ñ iñ

>7

+1,77 +3,60 +3,11 +3,77 +0,60 +=,11 +=,77 +7,60 +7,11 7,77 -7,11

07 tth 61 67 40

IL

3:

47 50 51 57

04 07 64

=4 >

17

-0,60 -3,77

44

=

37

-3,60 -1.77

:4

:7 >4 >7

67

4T

16 33 =

=

Aioi dldophi ed hm utjhjzmajñk ed dstm tmchm, aiksjedrdois his rdsuhtmeis ed uk suldti dk dJ UIKJ-3 y dk itrms prudcms dxprdsmems dk puktumajikds U (odejm 47 y edsvjmajñk tïpjam =7). Hm odejm y Jm ejstrjcuajñk tïpjam ed hm ejstrjcuajñk ed hms puktumajikds U sik ejfdrdktds m =ms ed his ai-

ukm ajdktds. Wir dldophi, aiopmrmrprudedjdrojkmem 50 dk ukmpmrm puktumajñk'h cm aik uk aiajdktd =77 dk dh UIKJ-3, sd puded utjhjzmr hm Umchm 3 odejmktd hm aumh

sd aikvdrtjrí =m puktumajñk U dk aiajdktd qud, dk dstd amsi, ds :42 =i aumh edoudstrm qud mocms pukhumajikds tjdkdk ukm om`kjtue sjojhmr.

Adktjhds

Wukt. U

Hi ojsoi qud itrms puktumajikds trmksfiromems, his adktjhds sd ictjdkdk m pmrtjr ed ejstrjcuajñk ed hms puktumajikds ejrdatms edh tdst. Tkm puktumajñk adktjh jkejam d= piradktmld ed suldtis edh `rupi kiromtjvi qud nmk ictdkjei puktumajikds supdeirds i jkfdrji-

30

-7,60

=,77 -=,11

Dkdmtjpis i i : : : > > 0

6 6 4

5 5

-

3 3= = = =

rds m ukm puktumajñk ejrdatm edtdrojkmem. Dh adktjh 47 ds hm odejm ed =m ejstrjcuajñk y rdprdsdktm dstmeïstjamodktd hm rdmhjzmahñk kiromh. His adktjhds oís mhtis jkejamk cudkis i ouy cudkis rdsuhtmeis dk dh tdst2 =is cmjis jkejamk rdsuhtmeis picrds i jkfdrjirds.

puktumajñk ouy fíajh ed aioprdkedr d jktdrprdtmr. Hm adktjh rdsuhtm Qj uk suldti ictjdkd uk adktjh 54 dk d= UIKJ-3, su puktumajñk dstí hj`drmodktd pir edcmli ed hm odejm< ejanm puktumajñk jkejam qud d= 44% ed =is suldtis ed su deme jkahujeis dk Jm oudstrm ed tjpjfjamajñk nmk ictdkjei puktumajikds oís mhtms qud ê=, dk tmkti qud d= 54% ed his suldtis ed ejanm oudstrm nm =i`rmei su ojsom puktumajñk u itrms jkfdrjirds. Dk amocji, sj dJ suldti ictjdkd uk adktjh >7. sus rdsuhtmeis dstík ouy pir dkajom ed jm odejm< dstd adktjh jkejam qud sihmodktd dh 37% ed Jis suldtis ed hm oudstrm ed tjpjfjamajñk nmk aiksd`ujei puktumajikds supdrjirds m jm suym.

 

U7KJ-3. Ucsr r¡ H'rr¡HrauKau Ki V¡ksMr

His adktjhds sik puktumajikds ed ejfdrdktd jktdrvmhi2 =m ejstmkajm dktrd dhhms ki ds j`umh, =i aumh sj`kjfjam qud his adktjhds ki sd pudedk suomr pmrm ictdkdr ukm puktumajñk odejm kj. sd pudedk rdmhjzmr aik dhjis itrms ipdrmajikds mrjtoêtjams. Hms ejfdrdkajms dktrd puktumajikds adktjhds ki sd pudedk jktdrprdtmr aioi ejfdrdkajms dqujvmhdktds dk d= mtrjcuti qud sd trmtm ed mprdajmr. Qj hms puktumajikds ejrdatms sd mlustmk m jm ejstrjcuajñk kiromh, =m omyirïm ed his amsis sd m`rupmrík dk tirki m hm odejm y dstmrík oís sdpmrmeis dk his dxtrdois2 msï aumhqujdr piradktmld adram edh adktri mcmramrí ukm ejstmkajm oís pdqudým qud dh ojsoi piradktmld adram ed his dxtrdois. Dk aiksdaudkajm, hm ejfdrdkajm ed 4 puktis dktrd his adktjhds 47 y 44 rdprdsdktm ukm ejstmkajm ouani oís pdqudým dk dh rdsuhtmei rdmh qud hm qud supikdk Jis 4 puk=7 tis qud nmy :7 dktrd y :4.his adktjhds 4 y i dktrd his adktjhds Wm¡m aikvdrtjr hms purjtumajikds ejrdatms ed hm Firom M dk adktjhds sd utjhjzm Jm Umchm My pmrm hms ed hm Firom C, Jm Umchm C.

Ttjhjzmajñk edh drrir tïpjai ed odejem

(DUO) DJ drrir tÏpjai ed odejem ds uk dstmeïstjai jopirtmktd qud myuem mh dxmojkmeir m aiktrihmr dstmeïstjamodktd mh`ukm pmrtd ed his drrirds qud priadedk ed hm sjtumajñk edj dxmodk. Hm Umchm aiktjdkd jis drrirds tïpjais amhauhmeis sicrd ed odejem his emtis ictdkjeis dk L.ms mphjamajikds dspmýihms, airrdspikejdktds m mocms firoms edh UIKJ3, dk amem uki ed his `rupis ed deme. Dk `dkdrmh, dh drrir tïpjai ed odejem dk mocms firoms y dk tiei dh íocjti ed demeds isajhm dk tirki m 3 puktis, vmhir mh`i jkfdrjir m= ictdkjei dk hm vdrsjñk modrjamkm.

pricmcjhjeme, tdkdois qud dh 6> % ed hms vdads hm vdremedrm puktumajñk ed uk suldti pricmchdodktd sd dkaudktrm dk uk jktdrvmJi aioprdkejei dktrd dh rdsuhtmei ed suomr y rdstmr dJ vmjir edh drrir tïpjai ed odejem m hm puktumajñk qud nm ictdkjei dk dh tdst. Qj sd dxtjdked dstd íocjti m oís-odkis eis vdads dh drrir tïpjai ed odejem, dh omr`dk ed aikfrmkzm pmsmrí m sdr dh :4%. Aik uk jktdrvmhi ed oís-odkis trds vdads dh drrir tïpjai ed odejem dh omr`dk ed aikfjmkzm pmsm mh::%.

MJ dxmojkmr hms puktumajikds ejrdatms

dk dh UIKJ-3 y, dk `dkdrmh, pmrm jktdrprdtmr hms ictdkjems dk aumhqujdr prudcm ds aikvdkjdktd aikiadr dh vmhir airrdspikejdktd mh drrir tïpjai ed odejem. Aik dhhi his usumrjis smcrík dh jktdrvmhi edktri edh qud, pricmchdodktd, dstík =ms puktumajikds vdremedrms. Dk Jm Nilm ed mhitmajñk dxjstd uk dspdaïfjai pmrm rdai`dr dstm jkfirrkmJu`mr ajñk.

Wmrm aiopricmr dk hm príatjam añoi sd utjhjzm dh drrir tïpjai ed odejem, sd icsdrvmrí hm Fj`urm 4 dk Jm qud mpmrdad dh aiajdktd edh UIKJ-3 mkitmei lukti m hms puktumajikds ictdkjems dk hm prudcm. Hm puktumajñk ictdkjem ds => y d= drrir tïpjai ed odejem, qud dstí mkitmei dk su amsjhhm, ds 3,7=. Dsti sj`kjfjam qud, aik uk kjvdh ed aikfjmkzm edh 6>Vi, dh dxmojkmeir puded edajr qud Jms vdremedrms puktumajikds edj suldti dstík aioprdkejems dktrd =6 y 37. Qj dh kjvdh ed aikfjmkzm jkardodktm nmstmaioprdkejem dh :4%, hm puktumajñksdvdremedrm dstmrí dktrd =5 y 33 puktis.

sihmodktd ukm dstjomajñk ed hm rdmhjeme edh suldti2 his hïojtds supdrjir d jkfdrjir edh jktdrvmhi dk qud sd dkaudktrm hm vdremedrm puktumajñk sd pudedk amhauhmr mýmejdkei y

Edsvjmajikds ed hms puktumajikds Dk =m sdaajikds mktdrjirds sd nm trmtmei sicrd hm om`kjtue ed hm edsvjmajñk icsdrvmem dk ukm puktumajñk dspdaïfjam. His prifdsjikmhds tmocjêk pudedk dstmr jktdrdsmeis pir hm ejrdaajñk ed dstms edsvjmajikds ¹Hm puktumajñk dk audstjñk ds dxadpajikmhodktd mhtm i dxadpajikmhodktd cmlm9 Hms puktumajikds mhtms y hms puktumajikds cmlms qud sd edsvïmk sj`kjfjamtjvmodktd ed hm

m =m pukdh drrir pir rdstmkei tïpjai odejem Mphjamkei hm tumajñk ictdkjem dj ed suldti.

kirom tjdkdk hm ojsom jopirtmkajm dk dj ejm`kñstjai.

Qd smcd qud =m puktumajñk dk uk tdst ds

 

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MuriCs< Hjkem Crawk, C

Fj`urm 4. Wrjodrm pí`jkm ed ukm Nilm ed Mritmajñk ed ukm mphjamajñk ed hm Firom M 36

 

U7KJ-3. tnsr i¡ Jrqouaurau Ki Vrruu,

Hms puktumajikds sj`kjfjamtjvmodktd

cmlms airrdspikedk m his adktjhds jkfdrjirds m 34 i aiajdktds pir edcmli ed >4. Wuktumajikds ed dstm om`kjtue pudedk sdr jkejamtjvms ed rdtrmsi odktmh, prichdoms ed edsmrrihhi u itris trmstirkis ai`kjtjvis. Tkm vdz aikfrromems aik itri ejm`rrñstjai i aik emtis ahïkjais, Jms puktumajikds cmlms jkejamk Jm kdadsjeme ed mh`ük tjpi ed jktdrvdkajñk< ukm tdrmpjm dspdaïfjam i hm jkahusjñk edh suldti dk ahmsds dspdajmhds, pir dldophi.

Hms puktumajikds sj`kjfjamtjvmodktd

mhtms airrdspikedk m Jis adktjhds supdrjirds m 04 i m his aiajdktds pir dkajom ed ==4. Aumkei dstms puktumajikds sd aikfjromk, pudedk sdr jkejamtjvms ed ukm mhtm eitmajñk jktdhdatumh.

Qj cjdk sd puded msuojr qud uk suldti

qud sjstdoítjamodktd aiksj`ud cudkms puktumajikds ki prdsdktm rdtrmsi UIKJ-3 odktmh, kidksddhpuded mfjromr hi aiktrmrji edh qud puktüm picrdodktd suldti dk dh tdst. Ds aikvdkjdktd qud his prifdsjikmhds aiksjedrdk ukm sdrjd ed dxphjamajikds pmrm mphjamrJms m hms cmlms puktumajikds dk dh UIKJ-3. Vmrjmchds tmhds aioi dstmei `dkdrmh ed smJue, mksjdeme dk dh oiodkti ed rdmhjzmr Jm prudcm, omhm aioprdksjñk ed Jms jkstruaajikds, fmhtm ed jktdrês, d jkahusi Jm nirm dk qud sd nm mphjamei dh tdst pudedk jkfhujr dk Jm rdmhjzmajñk edh suldti. Qd edcdk cusamr dxphjamajikds mhtdrkmtjvms m hms puktumajikds cmlms y, pmrm dstmchdadr aumhqujdr ejm`kñstjai i itrms edcdk rdmjjzmr tiomr edajsjikds, prudcms y mkmhjzmr sd Jm matumajñk ed hm pdrsikm dk hm dsaudhm, dk hm aiou¡rjeme i dk hms matjvjemeds ed hm vjem ejmrjm.

Hms aiopmrmajikds dktrd dJ UIKJ-3 y itris tdsts i matjvjemeds dk his qud jktdrvjd-

kd dh hdk`umld nmchmei i dsarjti pudedk rdsuhtmr ütjhds dk dJ edsmrrihhi ed dsms dxphjamajikds mhtdrkmtjvms y dk Jm dstjomajñk edj pitdkajmh ed suldtis aik ejfjauhtmeds vdrcmhds, mkmhfmcdtis, qud ki nmchdk dJ jejiom i qud prdsdktdk itris jopdejodRtis amusmeis pir ukm picrd mptjtue vdrcmh i pir hjoj-

suaded, dldotmajikds auhturmhds. Dstiqud pir trmtmr phi, sd sispdanm aumkei sd puded

ed edsvjmajikds dk dJ hdk`umld, oís qud edsvjmajikds jktdhdatumhds y tmocjêk aumkei dJ suldti prdsdktm dk dh UIKJ-3 uk pdrfjh amsj kiromh i sicrdpmsm Jj`drmodktd hm odejm y sus rdsuhtmeis dk itrms prudcms aik amr`m vdrcmh sd sjtümk ahmrmodktd pir edcmli ed Jm odejm.

His tdsts ed jktdhj`dkajm, ed hdk`umld i ed aikeuatm memptmtjvm y hms cmtdrïms ed mptjtueds `dkdrmhds pudedk pripirajikmr ukm jkfiromajñk ütjh d jktdrdsmktd aumkei sd aiopmrmk sus rdsuhtmeis aik Jis edh UIKJ-3.

Ejfdrdkajms dmtrd puktumajikds

Ds rmri qud hms puktumajikds ed uk tdst sd aiksjedrdk mjshmemodktd. Hi kiromh ds qud sd pikedrdk aiksjedrmkei su rdhmajñk aik itrms jkfiromajikds priadedktds ed ejm`trñstjais i aik his rdsuhtmeis ed itris tdsts. Wir dstm rmzñk, hm aiopmrmajñk ed hms puktumajikds ed his tdsts ds ukm pmrtd jopirtmktd ed hm jktdrprdtmajñk ed dstis y edh ejm`kñstjai.

Hms puktumajikds edh UIKJ-3 sd pudedk aiopmrmr aik itrms puktumajikds pmrm ictdkdr uk pdrfrh ejm`kñstjai. Umocjêk sd pudedk aiopmrmr aik hms qud nmym aiksd`ujei dh suldti dk itrm mphjamajñk mktdrjir pmrm aiopricmr dJ êxjti ed uk trmtmojdkti i tdrmpjm, pmrm aiksjedrmr su jkahusjñk dk ukm ahmsd dspdajmh i, sjophdodktd, pmrm icsdrvmr su dvihuajñk aik dh pmsi edh tjdopi.

aik Wrdsajkejdkei edhaiopmrmajñk, tjpi ed puktumajñk qud sd rdmhjzm hm dk dstd amsi sd phmktdmk eis audstjikds< ¹sik ejfdrdktds Jms puktumajikds ed eis tdsts dspdaïfjais9 y ¹ds jopirtmktd dsm ejfdrdkajm9

His prifdsjikmhds tdkerík qud edajejr m) hm ejfdrdkajm icsdrvmem dktrd hms puktumajikds ed his tdsts ds dh rdsuhtmei

ed uk drrir edcjei mJ mzmr i ds ukm fhuatumajñk kiromh2

rdprdsdktm dktrd c) Jis ukm ejfdrdkajm qud sd nmk rdmh odejei. eis mtrjcutis 30

 

Hk²d Ckiwx, So L. $sks¡xiu v Qtts¡,r B. Lios¡K

Dstms sik audstj.ikds dstmeïstjams m hms

qud sd puded rdspikedr fíajhodktd. Mkmstmsj (=:01) ifrdad ukm fñrouhm sdkajhjm pmrm

amhauhmr dh drrir tïpjai ed hm ejfdrdkajm (DUE) dktrd eis puktumajikds mh kjvdh ed aikfrmkzm edh 4%. Ds edajr, sj hm ejfdrdkajm rdmh dktrd eis puktumajikds ds supdrjir m= DUE, sd puded mfjromr qud :4 vdads ed amem =77 dstm ejfdrdkajm ds vdremedrm y puded aiksjedrmrsd sj`kjfjamtjvm.

Wmrm amhauhmr dh DUE dktrd his aiajdktds edh UIKJ-3 y his ed aumhqujdr itri tdst sd puded utjhjzmr hm fñrouhm sj`ujdktd<

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Dk dstm fñrouhm 5 ds dh aumermei edh DUO odeji airrdspikejdktd mJ UIKJ-3 y DUO ds dh aumermei edj drrir tïpjai ed odejem ed hm prudcm aik auyi aiajdktd sd qujdrd aiopmrmr d= UIKJ-3.

Qd puded icsdrvmr qud hm ejfdrdkajm dktrd eis puktumajikds ki ds tmk frmchd aioi

hms priprms puktumajikds. Wir djhi m vdads ds aikvdkjdktd amhauhmr d= drrir tïpjai ed =m

ejfdrdkajm ed =ms puktumajikds2 pdri, pir =i `dkdrmh, dstd `rmei ed prdajsjñk ki ds kdadsmrji dk Jm omyirïm ed hms jktdrprdtmajikds airrdspikejdktds mh amopi ed hm deuamajñk i ed =m doprdsm.

Hm sj`kjframajñk dstmeïstjam ki ds dh ükjai arjtdrji pmrm luz`mr hms ejfdrdkajms dktrd icsdrvmem puktumajikds. Tkm ejfdrdkajm príatjai m pdsmr ed su puded ki tdkdr vmhir sj`kjfjamajñk dstmeïstjam. Dsti ds pmrtjaujmrodktd ajdrti aumkei ukm puktumajñk tïpjam dk dh UIKJ-3 dstí dktrd >4 y ==4, jkahusi ukm ejfdrdkajm dstmeïstjamodktd sj`kjfjamtjvm puded rdprdsdktmr sihmkdktd uk jktdrês ahïkjai. Kiromhodktd, sñJi sd mkmhjzmk hms ejfdrdkajms qud mpmrdadk dk uk rmk`i eds-

rmatdrïstjams tmhds aioi sdxi, deme y kjvdh siajidaikñojai. Dk mh`ukms iamsjikds =ms dsaudhms u itris adktris pudedk aiksjedrmr aikvdkjdktd hm dhmcirmajñk ed cmrdois dspdaïfrais aik Jis rdsuhtmeis ed suldtis pdrtdkdajdktds m edtdrojkmeis `rupis. Dstis cmrdois dspdajmhds pudedk rdsuhtmr ouy pmrm pichmajikds ed ejsojkujeis, ütjhds `rupis ed suldtis siodtjeis m mh`ük trmtmojdkti pir nmcdr sufrjei `ihpds i trmuomtjsois dk Jm amh¡dzm i pmrm jkejvjeuis qud prdtdkemk maadedr m ukm edtdrojkmem prifdsjñk. Tkm zikm dsaihmr edtdrojkmem puded dhmcirmr cmrdois hiamhds pmrm sus dstuejmktds i uk adktri ed trmcmli puded cmrdomr his rdsuhtmeis ed lñvdkds meuhtis rdtrmsmeis qud rdmhjadk tmrdms prifdsjikmhds dk ê=. Wdri ds prdajsi ki ihvjemr qud hm jktdrprdtmajñk ed ukm prudcm utjhjzmkei cmrdois dspdajmhds sd cmsmrí dk his rdsuhtmeis ed uk `rupi dspdaïfjai y ki dk his ed =m picjmajñk `dkdrmh. fudrtd jopjjam ukm `dkdrmhds aik cmrdois ejfdrdkajm< uk tdstDsti sd puded utjhjzmr pmrm dstmcjdadr uk ejm`kñstjai ed rdtrmsi odktmh. Qj sd utjhjzmk cmrdois dspdaïfjais ki sd pierí dstmchdadr uk ejm`kñstjai ed dstd tjpi pdri, dk amocji, rdsuhtmrík oís medaumeis pmrm dstjomr y aiopmrmr dh pitdkajmh ed his mspjrmktds qud iptmk m uk pudsti ed trmcmli aikardti. His cmrdois `dkdrmhds pdrojtdk hm dvmhumajñk ed jkejvjeuis odktmhodktd rdtrmsmeis, his dspdaïf=ais pdrojtdk hm aiopmrmajñk ed suldtis aik uk `rupi aikardti pmrm

ed firdktrmcmli. jkahujrhis uk pri`rmom Mukquddspdajmh mocms aiopmomajñk i ed

rmajikds sik víhjems, nmy ukm `rmk ejfdrdkajm dktrd his eis `rupis kiromtjvis y sdrïm uk drrir `rmvd jktdrprdtmr ukm rdmhjzmajñk kiromh aiopmríkeihm aik ukis cmrdois dspdaïfrais auym odejm ki airrdspiked m hm pichmajñk `dkdrmh.

sd

His cmrdois ed ojkirïms êtkjams i rmajmhds pdrtdkdadk m uk tjpi dspdajmh qud nmk sjei edfdkejeis pir mh`ukis prifdsjikmhds aioi Odradr (=:06). Qd jedmrik pmrm trmtmr ed døtmr his pdhj`ris ed sds`i qud

m pmrtjrtdkjdkei ed ukm oudstrm Jm ictdkjei nmk pichmajñk dk audktmedamdspmýihm,

pudedk hhdvmr aiksj`idkhishiscmrdois jktdhjtdsts ed`dkdrmhds, pmrtjauhmrodktd

vjmei.

Edsmrrihhi ed cmrdois hiamhds y dspdajmhjzmeis His aiajdktds y adktjjds edh UIKJ-3

3>

 

U7KJ-3. hcsr ²¡ JKr¡r,rarr,haø Ki V¡ks¡r

`dkajm i ed mptjtueds. Mukqud dk mh`ukis amsis puded rdsuhtmr aikvdkjdktd utjhjzmr kiroms cmsmems dk his rdsuhtmeis ed suc`rupis dspdaïfjais êtkjais i rmajmhds, mh`ukis jkvdstj`meirds aioi Qmtthdr (=:>>) y Ldksdk (=:>7) arddk qud êstm ds ukm príatjam pitdkajmhodktd pdhj`rism ed hm qud puded rdsuhtmr ukm cmlm dxpdatmtjvm pmrm dsis pmrtjauhmrodktd sj ki qudem jkejvjeuis, ouy ahmri auí=ds nmk sjei hms kiroms (`dkdrmhds i dspdaïfjams) qud nmk sdrvjei ed cmsd pmrm hm jktdrprdtmajñk. Mh`ukis mutirds (Euffd¡ Qmhvjm, UXrabdr d Zssdheybd, =:>=) sdýmhmk qud "Dxjstdk oís prudcms ed qud sd nmymk utjhjzmei ed firom sds`mem his emtis ed uk tdst qud ed qud dh pripji tdst sdm sds`mei,.

Criwk y Crymkt (=:>5) jkejamk aumtri ajraukstmkajms dk qud hms kiroms hiamhds i dspdaïfram§ pudedk rdsuhtmr mpripjmems<

a Wrjtkdrm< aumkei his rdsuhtmeis ed= suc`rupi qud sd trmtm ed dvmhumr oudstrdk mophjms ejfdrdkajms aik his edh `rupi kiromtjvi. Dk têrojkis `dkdrmhds, sd aiksjedrmrí qud dstm ejfdrdkajm ds sustmkajmh y lustjfram dh edsmrrihhi ed cmrdois dspdaïfjais aumkei =m odejm edh suc`rupi sd mhdld ed hm odejm edh `rupi kiromtjvi, 0 ñ H 0=3 edsvjmajikds tïpjams, pir hi odkis. Ds pisjchd qud his usumrjis edh UIKJ-3 dkaudktrdk dstm sjtumajñk dk mh`ukms iamsjikds.

i Qd`ukem< aumkei sd mhtdrm dh firomti edh tdst i dJ priadejojdkti ed mphjamajñk pmrm uk `rupi. "Dktrd his amocjis qud pudedk nmadr kdadsmrji qud sd dhmcirdk cmrdois dspdajmhds dstík hms oiejfjamajikds edh tjdopi ed mphjamajñk, vmrjmajikds dk hm deme ed his suldtis m qujdkds sd mphjam i amocjis dk his arjtdrjis pmrm aiksjedrmr madrtmems i drrñkdms

hms rdspudstms, (Criwk y Crymkt, =:>5).

Mh`ukis dldophis ed amocji pudedk vdrcmsdr5) "Dstms sjtumajikds sik rmrms. Mh odkis dk ukm prudcm cjdk aikstrujem Jis cmrdois `dkdrmhds sik medaumeis

pmrm ed hms írdms ed hm omyir mphjamajñk prudcm". ed dsmpmrtd

. Aumrtm< sd pudedk aiksjedrmr medaum-

eis his cm¡dois dspdajmhds aumkei his rdsuhtmeis ed uk tdst sd vmk m vjkauhmr m uk pri`rmom deuamtjvi dspdaïfjai, tmh aioi dh ejsdýi ed uk aurrïauJi, hm sjtumajñk ed ukm ahmsd dk pmrtjauhmr i Jm prdpmrmajñk ed uk phmk dspdaïfjai ed jkstruaajñk.

His cmrdois dhmcirmeis m pmrtjr ed ukm oudstrm rdprdsdktmtjvm ed hm piHis chmajñk sdríkdhmcirmeis mpripjmeis. mejajikmhds cmrdoissjdoprd m pmrtjr ed emtis ed pichmajikds dspdaïframs pudedk rdsuhtmr medaumeis dk mh`ukms sjtumajikds. Qd mkjom m his mphjameirds edh UIKJ-3 m qud edsmrrihhdk cmrdois dspdaïýais aumkei ardmk qud ds ütjh i kdadsmrji. Umocjêk sd rdaiojdkem qud jkejqudk ahm¡modktd dk amem amsi hm Firom mpjjamem y his cmrdois qud nmk utjhjzmei.

Aioukjamajñk ed his rdsuhtmeis

Qjdoprd qud sdm pisjchd, his rdsuhtmeis

aik edh emrsd m aikiadrlukti (emtis ed itris his UIKJ-3 ed itrmsedcdk dvmhumajikds

3:

 

Hku Criwh, So L. Qoksrhiu v Qus¡r,r B. LiNKs¡h,r tdsts i ed icsdrvmajikds ejrdatms, jkfiromajikds ictdkjems dk dktrdvjstms, dk aiksuhtms i m trmvês ed aikvdrsmajikds). Sdsuhtm dstêrjh, y m vdads pdeuejajmh, jkfiromr sicrd his rdsuhtmeis ed uk tdst mjshmei i sicrd ukis emtis pmrajmhds. Hm aioukjamajñk ed Jis rdsuhtmeis edcd jr maiopmýmem pir ukm jktdrprdtmajñk edh sj`kjfjamei ed Jms puktumajikds ictdkjems y ed ukms rdaiodkemajikds. Dk Jm nilm ed mkitmajñk dxjstd uk dspmaji pmrm jkahujr dstis aiodktmrjis.

Dh prifdsjikmh qud aioukjam his rdsuh-

tmeis edh UIKJ-3 edcd dstmr pdjfdatmodktd fmojhjmrjzmei aik _m prudcm, su aiktdkjei y sus am¡matdrïstjams psjaioêtrjams y tmocjêk aik hms amrmatdrïstjams ed hms itrms puktumajikds qud, dk su amsi, jkahuym dJ jkfirod. Hms pdrsikms m qujdkds sd trmksojtd dstm jkfiromajñk dspdrmk qud qujdk hi nmad sdpm jktdrprdtmr his rdsuhtmeis edh tdst. Ds ukm tdktmajñk, i qujzí uk nícjti, jkahujr dk hm rdemaajñk ed his jkfirods Jm tdrojkihi`ïm psjaihñ`jam. Wdri qujdkds rdajcdk uk jkfirod smcrrík mprdajmr y m`rmedadrík uk sjkadri dsfudrzi edh prifdsjikmh pmrm rdematmrhi dk uk hdk`umld airrjdktd y ahmri. Smfitn y Sjanoike (=:>1) y Qndhhdocdr` (=:>3) pripirajikmrik mh`ukms jkejamajikds ütjhds pmrm hm rdemaajñk ed jkfirods dk uk Jdk`umld JJmki.

Ki nmy qud ihvjemr qud his pmerds qud nmk madptmei hm dvmhumajñk jktdhdatumh ed

sus dstík jktdrdsmeis su êxjti. njlismauedk pireiked hds m ukm rdukjñk Aumkei vmk m aioukjamr his rdsuhtmeis, kiromh-

odktd tjdkdk dk Jm odktd mh`ukis icldtjvis dspdaïfrais y mh`ukms dxpdatmtjvms. His prifdsjikmhds qud prdsdktmk his emtis ed ukm dvmhumajñk m his pmerds tjdkdk qud tdkdr dk audktm dsms prdiaupmajikds, medoís ed oistrmrhds hm rdmhjeme ed his rdsuhtmeis. Wir üJtjoi, his suldtis qud nmk sjei icldti ed ukm dvmhumajñk m odkuei sd aikødrtdk dk uk emti, dk icldtis ki pmrtïajpds. Dsti ds pmrtjauhmrodktd ajdrti dk amsis ed sd nm meihdsadktds m qujdkds mphjamkjýis pdrsikms ed dstms ei dh ytdst. Hm omyirïm

17

sjdktdk aurjisjeme (m vdads, ukm ahm¡m mksjdeme), pir aikiadr his rdsuhtmeis ed hm prudcm. Aumhqujdr rdaiodkemajñk sicrd ukm kudvm dvmhumajñk i sicrd Jm mphjamajñk ed mh`ük pri`rmom ed jktdrvdkajñk edcd sdr aioukjamem y aiodktmem aik his suldtis.

Uiei Ji ejani sjrvd pmrm nmadr kitmr prjvmei y hm aikfjedkajmjjqud dh amríatdr eme sik ïkejads ed hm amhjeme ed uk priadsi ed dvmhumajñk. Omktdkdr hms `mrmktïms medaumems pmrm aiksd`ujr Jm prjvmajeme y Jm aikfjedkajmhjeme aumkei sd aioukjamk his rdsuhtmeis ds ukm mreum tmrdm y tmocjêk uk icldtjvi êtjai y hd`mh, dspdajmhodktd dk Jms dsaudhms.

Mevdrtdkajms m his usumrjis

His tdsts, y pmrtjauhmrodktd his tdsts tjpjframeis qud prdsdktmk uk `rmk kuodri ed cmrdois, nmk sjei dhdvmeis dk d= mprdaji

prifdsjikmh pdedstmh pdhj`rismodktd m uk prifdsjikmhds edejameis mh mhti. Ouanis ejm`rrñstjai nmk aiodkzmei m edsvjmrsd edh lujaji prifdsjikmh y m pikdr uk êkfmsjs ard-

ajdktd dk hms puktumajikds ed his tdsts. Dsti aikstjtuyd ukm príatjam cmstmktd edsmfirtukmem. His tdsts ki tjdkdk kj oís kj odkis jopirtmkajm qud aumhqujdr itrm têakjam ed dvmhumajñk< dh mkíhjsjs ed matumajikds dspdaïfjams, Jm icsdrvmajñk, hm dktrdvjstm i jkahusi ukm sjophd rdvjsjñk ed his jkfirods dxjstdktds. Dk edfrkjtjvm tiems dstms têakjams -jkahuydkei his tdsts- sik tmk cudkms aioi Ji sdm Jm pdrsikm qud hms utjhjzm.

Dk `dkdrmh, his mutirds pikdk ouani aujemei mh aikstrujr uk jkstruodkti pmrm qud êstd sdm psjaioêtrjamodktd sñJjei. Hms mutirms edh UIKJ-3 sd nmk dsfirzmei pmrm aiksd`ujr dsd kjvdh y Ji nmk aiksd`ujei dk `rmk odejem. Ki icstmktd hm

prudcm ki puded ejm`kistjamr. DJ ejm`kñstjai ds uk priadsi jktdrmatjvi y matjvi ed aiopricmajñk ed njpñtdsjs. Hm mphjamajñk ed tdsts ds ukm pmrtd odaíkjam ed dstd priadsi y Jm jktdrprdtmajñk ed his rdsuhtmeis ds hi qud hhdvm mJ ejm`kñstjai. Hm audstjñk edcd sdr< ¹',AuíJ ds Jm amusm ed qud puktumajikds oimpmrdzamk i dstis dstms ed aikeuatm9 edjis

 

U7KJ-3. Ursr o nqkhra¡Kau Ki VtksMH

Wir dldophi, Qifjm nm ictdkjei uk aiajdktd ed 67 dk dJ UIKJ-3. Edcdois prd`utmrkis pir quê. ¹Ds rdtrmsmem9 ]ujzí. Wdri tmocjêk puded sdr pirqud Qifjm nmcïm mspj

rmei edtdrojkmem sustmkajm jkodejmtmodktd mktds ed aiodkzmr Jm mphjamajñk edh tdst, i ki aioprdkejñ hms jkstruaajikds, i ki pusi mtdkajñk m hi qud dstmcm nmajdkei, i pirqud sd nmcïm oudrti su pdrri... Hm hjstm ed pisjchds dxphjamajikds m sus picrds rdsuhtmeis vm mük oís Jdlis aumkei sd aiojdkzm m aiksjedrmr hms'rmzikds mldkms m Jm kjým qud pudedk dxphjamr su puktumajñk dk dh tdst. DJ tdst dk sï ojsoi puded sdr piai fjmchd i piai víhjei2 puded nmcdr sjei mphjamei ed firom jkairrdatm, nmcdr sjei airrd`jei drrñkdmodktd i sdr titmhodktd jkmedaumei pmrm hm sjtumajñk. DJ dxmojkmeir puded nmcdr matumei ed firom jkdxpdrtm, puded sdr jkdpti i edsaujemei i sjophdodktd dstmr dk dsd oiodkti jopmajdktd i amksmei. ¹Wir quê ictuvi Qifjm urh aiajdktd ed 67 puktis dk dh tdst9 Dsti ki ds ukm audstjñk psjaioêtrjam. Ki sd puded aiktdstmr m pmrtjr edh tdst. Qihmodktd uk prifdsjikmh nícjh d jktujtjvi puded pripirajikmr ukm rdspudstm matumkei aioi uk prdamvjei icsdrvmeir.

Tkm mevdrtdkajm fjkmh< ds pisjchd qud m mh`ukis Jdatirds d= tïtuhi "Ucst ed jktdhj`dk-

ajm ki vdrcmh, hds pmrdzam prdsuktuisi. Hm jktdhj`dkajm ds uk aikstruati aiophdli y ouhtjejodksjikmh, y ds ajdrti qud dJ UIKJ3 ojed sihmodktd ukm crjzkm ed dsd aikstruati. Hms mutirms rdaikiadk qud ki ds rmzikmchd utjnzmrhi pmrm sustjtujr m itris tdsts oís mophjis ed jktdhj`dkajm i ed mptjtueds. Wdri dsti hhdvm m phmktdmr ukm audstjñk ed prjkajpji< ¹puded odejr mJ`ük tdst Jm jktdhj`dkajm pir aiophdti9, ¹tieis his tdsts qud jkahuydk hm pmhmcrm "jktdhj`dkajm" dk sus tïtuhis sik uk piai prdtdkajisis9 Hms mutirms rdaikiadk hm prdsukajñk rdspdati m su tïtuhi y pir dhhi nmk sjei aiksdrvmeirms rdspdati m sus prdtdksjikds mh jkejamr =i qud sd puded nmadr aik dJ UIKJ-3. Ki nmk ndani mfjromajikds qud ki pudemk sdr aikfrromems aik emtis y nmk mevdrtjei rdpdtjemodktd m his prifdsjikmhds jis pdhj`ris ed ukm dxadsjvm `dkdrmhjzmajñk ed his rdsuhtmeis ed hm prudcm. Dh pripji icldtjvi ed odejr Jm jktdhj`dkajm "ki vdrcmh,, jkejam qud ds pisjchd qud ajdrtms pdrsikms qud piedois aiksjedrmr jktdhj`dktds pdri aik mptjtue i jktdrês oms mausmeis dk dJ omkdli ed aikadptis vdrcmhds ictdk`mk rdsuhtmeis oiedstis i cmlis dk dh UIKJ-3.

1=

 

Hkih Crioh, Sru L. Q¡iks¡kiu y Quskr B. Lisrs¡r

5. JKFISOMAJIK DQUMEJQUJAM 5.=. MKÍHJQJQ Z QDHDAAJÑK KK DHDODKUIQ

Dk Jm aikstruaajñk ed hm prudcm sd sj-

rjis dopïrjais ed sdhdaajñk ed dhdodktis

cirmkei djdodktis, uk cmkai jktdktmkei pir ed qud mcmramsd qud sd aiophdti dJ írdm prdtdkeïm dvmhumr, sj`ujdkei dh priadejojdkti jkejamei pir Mkmstmsj (=:01) pmrm hm vmhjemajñk edh aiktdkjei. Qd mphjamrik arjtd-

firoms M y C ed vdrtuydrik Jm prjodrm priadejd= ojsoi UIKJ. sjñk edh hms Qd sj`ujñ ojdkti pmrm edsmrrihhmr his =7 dhdodktis mýmejeis dk hm rdvjsjñk qud eji hu`mr mh UIKJ.3.

`ujñ uk oêtiei trmejajikmh< sd aiodkzñ dhm-

pmrm edtdrojkmr his =77 ïtdos qud aikstj-

5.3. VMHUEMAJIK EDH AIKUDKJEI

DJ prjodr pmsi pmrm dstmchdadr hm vmhjedz edh UIKJ fud hm vmhjemajñk ed su aiktdkjei. D= priadejojdkti sd`ujei trmtm ed `mrmktjzmr qud his dhdodktis edh tdst sdmk rdprdsdktmtjvis edh aikstruati qud jktdktmk odejr y qud sdmk aindrdktds aik his supudstis tdñrjais oís airrjdktds rdhmtjvis m =m dvmhumajñk ed

Jm jktdhj`dkajm y mptjtueds.

Hm vmhjemajñk edh aiktdkjei sd puded

rdmhjzm¡ ed vmrjms firoms2 hms oís aioukds aiksjstdk dk aikstrujr dhdodktis cmsíkeisd dk omtdrjms edh aurrïauhi y ed his tdxtis ed dstueji, dxmojkmkei hm }jtdrmturm qud sd rdfjdrd mh mspdati qud sd jktdktm dvmhumr y dstuejmkei dh aiktdkjei y firomti ed his jkstruodktis ed dvmhumajñk qud tjdkdk dh ojsoi icl dtjvi. Wmrtjauhmrodktd jktdrdsmems dk his aiktdkjeis y firomtis ed itris tdsts ki vdrcmhds i omkjpuhmtjvis ed jktdhj`dkajm, hms mutirms dstuejmrik edtdkjemodktd mh`ukms prudcms ed dstd tjpi2 dktrd djhms sd pudedk ajtmr =ms Omtrjads Wri`rdsjvms ed Smvdk, hm Dsamhm omkjpuhmtjvm ed Hdjtdr y =ms prudcms omkjpuhmtjvms ed tiems hms dsamhms ed Pdanshdr. Ki dxmojkmrik his omtdrjmhds aurrjauhmrds i pdem`ñ`jais puds dstd priadejojdkti rdsuhtmcm jkmedaumei.

Dk aumkti m hjtdrmturm dspdaïfram, aiksuhtmrik Jis prjodris trmcmlis ed @ujhfire

adktrmkei su jktdrês dk su icrm "Dstruaturm edh jktdhdati,, tmocjêk dstuejmrik hms icrms ed mh`ukis psjañhi`is dxpdrjodktmhds< Ciurkd y @u¡ Eiojkiwsbj, @m`kd y @huabscdr`, aikiajeis pir sus trmcmlis dk dh írdm ed sihuajñk ed prichdoms. M pmrtjr ed dstm jkfiromajñk sd aikstruyñ hm prjodrm vdrsjñk edh UIKJ. Qd ejsdýmrik 170 dldrajajis ed sihuajñk ed prichdoms aik uk aiktdkjei ed tjpi ki sjocñJjai qud ki tuvjdsd kjk`ük sj`kjfjamei hj`mei mJ ojsoi. Dstis dldrajajis sd siodtjdrik mJ lujaji ed uk `rupi ed prifdsirds ukjvdrsjtmrjis, psjañhi`is y deuameirds dspdajmhjzmeis pmrm ukm rdvjsjñk arïtjam. Qd dhjojkmrik his qud dstis prifdsjikmhds aiksjedrmrik mocj`uis, edomsjmei sjocñhjais i aik aiktdkjei hjk`øïstjai. Qupdrmrik dstm rdvjsjñk =>1 dhdodktis, y dstis fudrik his qud sd utjhjzmrik dk his mkíhjsjs.dstmeïstjais. Aumkei sd aiodkzñ m aikstrujr hm sd`ukem vdrsjñk edh UIKJ sd pdksñ qud hm prudcm pieïm odlirmr mýmejêkeihd mh`ukis dhdodktis ed omyir ejfjauhtme. Qj`ujdkei dh ojsoi priadejojdkti ed vmhjemajñk qud dk dh amsi mktdrjir, .sd aikstruydrik 31 dhdodktis mejajikmjds qud hud`i sd siodtjdrik m his priadejojdktis dopïrjais ed mkíhjsjs.

 

U7KJ-3, hcsr ²¡ Jrr¡hra¡hard Ki VrksMr

5.1. ASJUDSJIQ DOWÏSJAIQ ED QDHDAAJÑK ED DHDODKUIQ Umkti Jis dhdodktis ed hm vdrsjñk irj`jkmh edh UIKJ aioi his mejajikmhds edstjkmeis mh UIKJ-3 fudrik sdjdaajikmeis tdkjdkei dk audktm sus amrmatdïstjams dspdaïframs. Dxjstdk kuodrisis priadejojdktis pmrm mkmhjzmr his dhdodktis qud vmk m firomr uk tdst. Iistdrnif (=:06) rdmhï36 jkvdstj`majikds sicrd 47 priadejojdktis ejfdrdktds ed

mkjíJjsjs ed dhdodktis y edsaucrjñ qud tieis

dhhis prieuadk rdsuhtmeis kitmchdodktd

pmrdajeis. Dstm jkfiromajñk JJdvñ m his mutirds edh UIKJ m dhd`jr eis ïkejads trmejajikmhds, fíajhds ed amhauhmr qud pripirajikmk cudkis rdsuhtmeis< dh y aidfjajdktd ed ejsarjojkmajñk ed amem dhdodkti y dh ïkejad ed

ejfjauhtme.

5.5. EJQASJOUKMAJÑK ED HIQ DHDODKUIQ

DJ aidfrajdktd ed ejsarjojkmajñk ed his dhdodktis jkejam sj tieis his dhdodktis ed

ukm prudcm dstík ojejdkei dh ojsoi aikstruati. Wmrm amhauhm¡Ji nmy qud nmhhm¡ hm ai-

rrdhmajñk dktrd hm rdspudstm ed amem dhdodkti y hm puktumajñk titmh dk dh tdst. Dstd priadejojdkti, medoís ed rdfhdlmr Jm vmhjedz edh jkstruodkti, msd`urm vjrtumhodktd hm nioi`dkdjeme y =m aiksjstdkajm jktdrkm edh tdst.

Hms airrdhmajikds dhdodkti-titmh rdaj-

cdk dh kiocrd ed aidfrajdktd ed ejsarjojkmajñk edh dhdodkti pirqud jkejamk dh `rmei dk qud êstd ejsarjojkm dktrd suldtis qud sik cudkis dk ukm nmcjhjeme pmrtjauhmr i qud edstmamk dk dJ rms`i mprdajmei y itris suldtis odkis nícjhds i pdir eitmeis. Qd aiksjedrm qud uk dhdodkti ds ejsarjojkmtjvi aum7). Hm sj`kjframajñk dstmeïstjam prikistjam ukm cudkm pricmcjhjeme ed qud Jm rdhmajñk dktrd dh dhdodkti y hm puktumajñk titmh dk dj tdst ki sd edcm mh mzmr. Dh 7,17 aioi arjtdrji císjai `mtmktjzm qud amem dhdodkti rdprdsdktm ukm aiktrjcuajñk ütjh mh tdst2 dJ 7,>7 aioi ïkejad oís mhti (tdani) msd`urm

qud amem dhdodkti nmad ukm aiktrjcuajñk ükjam mh titmh edh tdst, qud ki ds ukm jkfiromajñk euphjamem rdspdati m hm pripirajikmem pir itris dhdodktis (Mkmstmsj =:01). His aidfjajdktds ed ejsarjojkmajñk pmrm tieis his dhdodktis edh UIKJ irj`jkmh sd am=auhmrik utjhjzmkei his emtis ed ukm oudstrm ed 133 suldtis. Wriøsjikmhodktd sd sdhdaajikñ uk titmj ed =77 dhdodktis tdkjdkei dk audktm dh mkíhjsjs prdhjojkmr y aik dhhis sd vihvjñ m aikstrujr dh tdst. Qd msj`kmrik 47 dhdodktis m hm Firom M y itris 47 m Jm C, priaurmkei qud his pdsis ed ejsarjojkmajñk airrdspikejdktds m his dhdodktis ed mocms firoms fudsdk mprixjomemodktd j`umhds. Mh frkmh sd rdmhjzñ uk mkíhjsjs aikfjromtjvi aik his rdsuhtmeis ed :77 suldtis m`rrrpmeis dk => jktdrvmhis ed deme.

His kudvis dhdodktis mýmejeis pmrm aikstrujr dh UIKJ-3 sd mphjamrik m 551 suldtis ed demeds aioprdkejems dktrd =5 mýis y 6 odsds y >4 mýis 7 odsds, puds sd pdksñ qud his kjýis ed demeds jkfdrjirds ki supdrmrïmk his dhdodktis ejfjajhds. Qd amhauhñ Jm odejm ed his aidfjajdktds ed airrdhmajñk dhdodkti-titmh dk vmrjis `rupis ed deme. Uiems hms odejms ictdkjems sik sj`kjfjamtjvms mh kjvdh ed aikfrmkzm ed XVi2 dk tieis his amsis sd nm supdrmei dh arjtdrji ed 7,17 y tieis, dxadpti trds, sd sjtümk pir edcmli ed= tdani ed 7,>7.

.).)

 

Hkih Ckiw, Ska L. QrøCLrKiu v Qus,aK B. Lio,rs¡r,r

5.4. EJFJATHUME ED HIQ DHDODKUIQ

DJ ïkejad ed ejýauhtme ed uk dhdodkti

ds dJ piradktmld ed suldtis qud majdrtm dsd dhdodkti. Tk dhdodkti fíajh ds aiktdstmei airrdatmodktd pir uk küodri `rmked ed

suldtis dk tmkti qud uk dhdodkti ejfïajh sdrí aiktdstmei airrdatmodktd pir ukis piais. Qj dh =77% ed his suldtis dxmojkmeis aiktdstmsdk airrdatmodktd m uk dhdodkti, êstd ki rdsuhtmrïm ouy víJjei2 his suldtis aik rdsuhtmeis ouy mhtis i ouy cmlis Ji rdsihvdrjmk j`umhodktd y pir tmkti ki sdrïm uk cudk ejsarjojkmeir. Dsti ojsoi puded sdr ajdrti dk uk dhdodkti qud amsj kmejd aiktdstm airrdatmodktd, jkahusi his suldtis aik puktumajikds oís mhtms, pirqud rdsuhtm j`umhodktd piai ütjh aioi ejsarjojkmeir. Mkmstmsj (=:01) su`¡drd qud ds edsdmchd ukm cudkm vmrjdeme dk his ïkejads ed ejfjed his auhtme. Jkejam qud ukm ejstrjcuajñkdktrd dJ vmhirds ed ejfjauhtme aioprdkejeis =4% y dh >4%, airt ukm odejm dk tirki mh 47/i rds,thtm medaumem. Dk dJ UIKJ-3 sd nm meiptmei dstd arjtdrji pmrm Jm sdhdaajñk ed his dhdodktis.

Wmrm dstd mkíhjsjs sd utjhjzñ hm ojsom oudstrm edsarjtm pmrm dh dstueji ed his =77

dhdodktis edh UIKJ irj`jkmh y ed his =7 dhdodktis ed omyir ejfjauhtme qud sd mýmejdrik dk hm vdrsjñk UIKJ-3. M pmrtjr ed his rdsuhtmeis sd vihvjdrik m iredkmr his dhdodktis mtdkejdkei m su ïkejad ed ejfjauhtme pmrm jm vdrsjñk UIKJ-3. His dhdodktis aik vmrjmkzm adri sd dhjojkmrik m pmrtjr ed his mkíJjsjs dk his kjvdhds dspdaïfjais ed deme.

Dh icldtjvi edh mkíhjsjs ed dhdodktis

fud dhmcirmr eis firoms edh tdst aik uk küodri ed dhdodktis tmk rdeuajei aioi fudrm pisjchd, sjk ejsojkujr su vmhjedz y frmcjhj eme. ¹Wir quê nmadr uk tdst ed 377 dhdodktis aumkei aik Jm ojtme sd aiksj`ud hm ojsom ejsarjojkmajñk ¡ dk amocji, sd rdqujdrd uk tjdopi ed mphjamajñk kitmchdodktd jkfdrjir9 His ==7 dhdodktis, qud aiopikdk Jms eis firoms edh UIKJ-3 smtjsfmadk dh arjtdrji dopïrjai qud sd dstmchdajñ mJ prjkajpji pmrm hm ejsarjojkmajñk ed dhdodktis y his piradktmlds ed ejýauhtme. Dk rdsuodk, tieis his dhdodktis edh UIKJ-3 ki sñhi sd nmk ejsdýmei tdkjdkei dk audktm ukm hjtdrmturm medaumem y madptmem sjki qud tmocjêk nmk supdrmei dh dsarutjkji icldtjvi ed Jis mkmhjsjs ed uk `xupi ed prifdsjikmhds y dh dsarutjkji icldtjvi ed his mkíjjsjs dstmeïstjais.

5,6. DQUTEJIQ DQWMKIHDQ Umocjêk sd nmk rdmhjzmei mkíhjsjs ed

dhdodktis m pmrtjr ed his rdsuhtmeis ictdkjeis dk hms mphjamajikds dspmýihms. DJ icldtj

vi prjkajpmh edh aíhauhi ed his ïkejads ed

ejfrauhtme dk oudstrms dspmýihms drm aiopricmr sj sd omktdkïm Jm iredkmajñk ed his dhdodktis edh tdst mJ mphjamrhi m suldtis dspmýihds. His rdsuhtmeis ictdkjeis oistrmrik qud dk mh`ukis amsis nmcïm ejfdrdkajms dk hm iredkmajñk y dsti sd tuvi qud tdkdr dk audktm m Jm nirm ed dstmchdadr dJ uocrmh y dJ tdani ed hm prudcm. Dk `dkdrmh, hms ejstrjcuajikds ed his ïkejads ed ejfrauhtme ois-

15

trmcmk qud hms omyirds aikadktrmajikds sd nmhhmcmk dktrd his veirds 7,07 y 7,:: (ouy fíajhds) y 7,35 y 7,74 (ejfjajhds y ouy ejfjajhds). Qd icsdrvm qud hm ejfjauhtme ds odkir m odejem qud muodktm hm deme, nmstm uk pukti dk qud odhvd m muodktmr, edspuês ed hm eêamem 57-47. Hm odejm ed his Ïkejads ictdkjeis dk amem `rupi ed deme sd prdsdktm dk tm Umchm 1. Dk `dkdrmh, his ïkejads ictdkjeis sik supdrjirds m his ed Jm vdrsjñk irj`jkmh d jkejamk qud Jm prudcm nm rdsuhtmei oms fíajh pmrm his südtis dspmýihds qud pmrm his jkahujeis dk Jm oudstrm irj`jkmh.

 

U7KJ-3. Jcsr k¹ n,rU¡r,ha¡rau Ki V¡k¡¹

Umchm 1. Mkíhjsjs ed dhdodktis< odejms ed his ïkejads ed ejfjauhtme ictdkjeis dk his dstuejis dspmýihds Deme

FiromM

Firom C

4-6

7,3: 7,1: 7,57 7,5= 7,43 7,6= 7,61 7,66

7,36 7,11 7,55 7,55 7,4= 7,66 7,0=

0->

:-=7

th-H5

=4-=>

t:-34 36-57

5=-47 4=-67 6=->4

7,15

7,63

5.0. UJWJFJAMAJÑK Z WSIADEUOJDKUIQ KISOMUUVIQ Ed maudrei aik NmoojJJ (=:>0), hm pmJmcrm rdfdrjem m ukm têakjam ed dvmhumajñk jophjam trds mspdatis amrmatdrïs"tjpjfjamei, tjais<

. Jkejam

qud sd nm dstmcjdajei uk oêtiei pmrm Jm utjhjzmajñk ed dsm têakjam, dk dstd amsi pmrm mphjamr dJ tdst2 dstm ds =m prjodrm amrmatdrïstjam. Wrivjstis ed ukms jkstruaajikds ed mphjamajñk kiromhjzmems, his dxmojkmeirds dstík dk aikejajikds jeñkdms pmrm mphjamr d= tdst dk =is ejvdrsis mocjdktds dk qud sd puded utjhjzmr. Hms jkstruaajikds ed mphjamajñk qud sd jkahuydk dk dstd omkumh sik hms ojsoms qud sj`ujdrik hms pdrsikms qud rdmhjzmrik hms mphjamajikds ed Jm oudstrm ed tjpjfjamajñk. His dxmojkmeirds qud mphjamk i rdaiojdkemk dh UIKJ-3 smcdk qud dh drrir i hm vmtjmkzm edcjeis m ejfdrdkajms dk his priadejojdktis ed mphjamajñk sd nmk rdeuajei mJ oíxjoi, dstd ds uki ed his icldtjvis prjkajpmhds ed hm tjpjframajñk.

. Hm sd`ukem amrmatdrïstjam ed uk jkstru-

odkti tjpjfjamei ds uk sjstdom ed airrdaajñk y puktumajñk icldtjvi. Dh pripñsjti, ukm vdz oís, ds `mrmmtjzmr qud hm omyirïm ed his dxmojkmeirds amhausjaikejajikds hms puktumajikds jdk ojhmrds. Hms kiroms dk jkahujems dk dstd

Omkumh sik =ms qud sd sj`ujdrik pmrm hm airrdaajñk y puktumajñk ed his tdsts dk dh priadsi ed tjpjframajñk y tieis his dxmojkmeirds edcdk sd`ujrhms eurmktd dh dxmodk pmrm rdeuajr ukm pitdkajmh fudktd ed drrir.

. Hm tdradrm amrmatdrïstjam ds ejspikdr

ed

uk omrai dspdaïfjai ed rdfdrdkajm pmrm jktdrprdtmr his rdsuhtmeis. Wmrm dh UIKJ-3 sd nm dhd`jei ukm rdfdrdkajm kiromtjvm qud pdrojtd mh dxmojkmeir aiopmrmr his rdsuhtmeis qud ictjdkd uk suldti dk dh tdst aik his ed uk `rupi ed suldtis ed su ojsom deme pdrtdkdajdktds m hm oudstrm ed tjpjfjamajñk. Qd prdsdktmk tmchms ed fíajh utjhjzmajñk pmrm aikvdrtjr hms puktumajikds ejrdatms dk trmksfiromems d jkejamajikds pmrm su jktdrprdtmajñk qud myuemrík m his ejvdrsis dxmojkmeirds m hhd`mr m aikahusjikds aiopmrmchds dk su jktdrprdtmajñk ed his rdsuhtmeis ed hm prudcm2 aik dh=i sd rdeuad itrm fudktd dxtdrkm ed drrir.

NmoojJJ (=:>0) jkejam tmocjêk qud his mutirds ed tdsts y ed itrms têakjams ed dvmhumajñk ki pudedk smcdr =i smtjsfmatirji qud nm sjei dh priadsi ed tjpjfjamajñk nmstm nmhis dstuejis ed fjmcjhjeme cdr rdmhjzmei y vmhjedz. Jkejam qud hm frmcjhjeme y Jm vmjjedz ñi

 

Hku¡ Ckio, Sru L, $r¡kku,riu y Qrrsuh B. Lios¡r,r

dopïrjams sik hm edoistrmajñk edh iredk aik qud sd nm trmcmlmei.

Hms tmchms ed cmrdois pripirajikmk m Jis dxmojkmeirds ukm m¡'uem ed suom utjhjeme m hm nirm ed jkfiromr i ed jktdrprdtmr Jis rdsuhtmeis ed uk suldti dk uk jkstruodkti WmrmJmsdhmcirmr his cmrdpuktumajikds ois, sdtjpjframei. trmksfiromk ejrdatms ictdkjems pir his suldtis edh `rupi kiromtjvi dk ukm ejstrjcuajñk kiromhjzmem m pmrtjr ed Jm aumh sd amhauhmk hms ejstrjcuajikds ed aumhqujdrm ed hms puktumajikds tïpjams dxjstdktds. Dk dh UIKJ-3 sd nmk utjhjzmei eis ahmsds ed puktumajikds tïpjams< aiajdktds ed edsvjmajñk y adktjhds.

Ki sd prdsdktmk demeds i `rmeis dqujvmhdktds. Hms mutirms aijkajedk aik mh`ukms ir`mkjzmajikds prifdsjikmhds qud sd ipikdk mh usi ed dstd tjpi ed puktumajñk. Nmoojhh, Criwk y Crymkt (=:>:) jkejamk qud «§u usi fiodktm dh aikadpti ed rdsuhtmei kiromh qud puded rdsuhtmr dk`mýisi... dstd tjpi puktumajikds pudedk sdr `dkdrmems pir ukm pichmajñk, ukm deme i uk rmk`i qud ki nmymk sjei dxmojkmeis rdajdktdodktd... dsti jophjam uk aikstmktd drrir rdspdati mJ edsmrrihhi i amocji dk dh mtrjcuti qud sd trmtm ed mprdajmr... y medoís, sik dsamhms irejkmhds... ji aumh icstmauhjzm hm aiopmrmajñk ejrdatm i dh trmzmei ed his pdrfjhds."

5.>. EDQASJWAJÑK EDH @STWI KISOMUUVI GQUTEJIQ DQWMÝIHDQ) Qd nm prdtdkejei, ed maudrei aik his sd`ujeis mutirms, priadejojdktis pirhms hmsdemeds cmrdomr hm prudcm dk tiems ed su íocjti ed mphjamajñk, aik oudstrms rdprdsdktmtjvms ed amem deme. Mukqud dk mJ`ukms demeds ki sd aiksj`ujñ uk küodri ed mpL.jamajikds sufjajdktd pmrm dJJi, hms odejms ictdkjems dk amem `rupi sik aindrdktds aik Jms ictdkjems pir hms mutirms dk Jm tjpjframajñk modrjamkm.

Hm oudstrm dspmýihm dstí firomem pir =.=3: suldtis, mprixjomemodktd dh ojsoi küodri ed vmrikds y ed ouldrds, aik demeds aioprdkejems dktrd 4 y >4 mýis. Dk `dkdrmhpmrtd his suldtis hm dk Omerje, omyir dk Jm ampjtmh, ed dhhisrdsjeïmk dxadpti dh `tupi ed meuhtis ed demeds supdrjirds m 67 mýis qud dstmcm firomei dk su omyirïm pir rdsjedktds dk ejvdrsms hiamhjemeds pdqudýms edh adktri y kirtd edh pmïs, tieis

dhhis aik kjvdh siajidaikñojai cmli y kjvdh ed dstuejis prjomrji. His meuhtis dktrd 36 y 67 mýis sik prifdsjikmhds ed ejvdrsis kjvdhds, mprixjomemodktd, dh 47% ed dhhis aik dstuejis odejis i supdrjirds y dJ rdsti aik dstuejis prjomrjis i firomajñk prifdsjikmh.

Dh `rupi ed demeds aioprdkejems dktrd

4 y 37 mýis dstí firomei pir

dstuejmktds ed his aursis airrdspikejdktds m amem deme. Mprixjomemodktd dh >79i aursmcmk sus dstuejis dk adktris püchjais y pdrtdkdaïmk m uk kjvdh siajidaikñojai odeji i cmli, d=

rdsti msjstïm m aihd`jis y su kjvdh siajidaikñojai drm odejiprjvmeis mhti i mhti.

Dk Jm Umchm 4 sd prdsdktm Jm oudstrm ahmsjfjamem pir deme lukti aik =ms odejms ictdkjems pir amem `rupi.

5.:. FJMCJHJEME

Mh prjkajpji ed dstd ampïtuhi sd edsarjcïmk hms trds aumhjemeds qud NmoojJJ

jktdrprdtmajñk. Dh UIKJ-3 auophd tiems

(=:>0) aiksjedrm amrmatdrïstjams ed jis priadsis ed tjpjfjamajñk ed jkstruodktis ed

dsms aikejajikds y, dk aiksdaudkajm, sd puded edajr qud ds ukm prudcm tjpjfjamem. Wmrm `mrmktjzmr hm tjpjfjamajñk edh tdst ds kdadsm-

dspdaïfrais priadejojdktis dvmhumajñk< pmrm pmrm Jm airrdaajñk y pmrm hm Jm mphjamajñk,

ed eis frmejspikdr dopïrjams< rji y vmhjedz. Wirprudcms odeji ed his dstuejis cjhjeme

16

 

U7KJ-3. tnsr

ed fjmcjhjeme sd edtdrojkm hm pmrtd edh drrir qud airrdspiked mh pripji tdst.

Kjk`ük jkstruodkti ed odejem

-edsed

hms ajktms oêtrjams m hms cmhmkzms irejkmrjms i jkahusi m his rdhilds mtñojais- ds aiophdtmodktd frmchd. His tdsts, dk pmrtjauhmr, tjdkdk ouanms pisjchds fudktds ed drrir qud prdiaupmk m his mutirds y hds jopuhsmk m cusamr hm firom ed rdeuajrhms. Tkm ed dstms firoms ds tjpjframr dh jkstruodkti pripirajikmkei m his dxmojkmeirds priadejojdktis ed mphjamajñk ouy prdajsis, arjtdrjis ed puktumajñk dxmatis y uk omrai ed rdfdrdkajm dxphïajti pmrm hm jktdrprdtmajñk ed jms puktumajikds2 aik tiei dsti sd aiksj`ud dhjojkmr ukm cudkm pmrtd edh drrir.

Dxjstdk itris eis tjpis ed drrir qud sd pudedk dstjomr m trmvês ed dstuejis dopïrjais ed fjmcjhjeme. Dh prjodri ds dh drrir ed aiktdkjei qud priaded ed his dhdodktis edh pripji tdst y puded sdr mprdajmei pir odeji ed his dstuejis ed aiksjstdkajm jktdrkm. Dh sd`ukei, drrir ed tjdopi, priaded ed jis mspdatis rdhmajikmeis aik dh oiodkti ed hm mphjamajñk y sd mprdajm pir odeji ed dstuejis ed dstmcjhjeme y fjmcjhjeme. Hm fjmcjhjeme ds uk aikadpti dxtrdomemodktd jopirtmktd2 dh aidfrajdktd ed fjmcjhjeme sd usm aioi uk ïkejad ed hm dstmcjhjeme edh tdst. His tdsts qud tjdkdk ukm fjmcjhjeme cmlm hhdvmk aiksj`i ukm amktjeme sj`kjframtj vm ed drrir, qud m su vdz prieuad ajdrtm jkaikstmkajm his rdsuhtmi jkaiksjstdkajm prifdsjikmh sddkpuded eis. Kjk`ük sdktjr pmrtjauhmrodktd añoiei i aikfjmei aumkei tdk`m qud tiomr edajsjikds sicrd dh ejm`kñstjai i hm irjdktmajñk ed uk kjýi i sicrd dh pri`"dsi mtrjcujei m u¡ms edtdrojkmems dstrmtd`jms ed jktdrvdkajñk, sj smcd qud tjdkd qud tdkdr dk audktm ukm fudrtd amr`m ed drir, qud hd pripirajikmrí ukis emtis jkdstmchds. Dk dJ amsi edh UIKJ-3 sd nm pudsti uk dspdajmh aujemei dk his dstuejis ed fjmcjJjeme pmrm `mrmktjzmr sus rdsuhtmeis.

tr Jh,rkh¡a¡hau Ki Vrk¡¡,

chds om`kjtueds supdrjirds m 7,47 dk his tdsts qud sd fudrmk m utjhjzmr pmrm odejr his rdsuhtmeis ed uk `rupi y uk aidfrajdktd amsj pdrfdati (7,:>) dk his tdsts qud sd fudrmk m utjhjzmr pmrm odejr hms ejfdrdkajms dktd vmrjms prudcms mphjamems m uk ojsoi suldti.

(=:46), (=:65) ed Ndhostmedr mr`uodktmcmk @ujhfire qud his aidfrajdktds y itris dstd tmomýi ki drmk príatjais kj rmzikmchds y sjtumcmk his oÏkjois dktrd 7,07 y 7,>7 pmrm hm omyirïm ed his tdsts. Qmhøm d Zssdheybd (=:>>) arddk qud his aidfjajdktds ed 7,>7 sik sufrajdktds pmrm his pripñsjtis ed sdhdaajñk. Qjk docmr`i, Jm omyirïm ed his prifdsjikmhds edfjdkedk hm kdadsjeme ed mhtis kjvdhds ed frmcjhjeme pmrm his tdsts jkejvjeumhds auyis rdsuhtmeis sd vmk m utjhjzmr pmrm dstmchdadr aikahusjikds i nmadr lujajis sicrd mphjamajikds jkejvjeumhds. @ujhfire nmchm ed 7,:52 Kukkmhjy, Qmhvjm d Zssdheybd sd jkahjkmk pir 7,:7 y Mjbdk rdaiojdkem 7,>4. Dk ukm puchjamajñk modrjamkm sicrd tdsts joprdsis, Nmoojhh, Criwk y Crymkt (=:>:) hhd`mk m hm aikahusjñk ed qud 7,>7 ds dh kjvdh oïkjoi madptmchd, dk tmkti qud itris mutirds oms rj`urisis prdfrdrdk dJ 7,:7.

Dk jis dstuejis ed= UIKJ-3 sd meiptmrik his arjtdrjis ed hm odkajikmem puchjamajñk. Uckjdkei dk audktm qud sd trmtm ed uk tdst ed "sarddkjk`, qud kiromhodktd edcdrí firomr pmrtd ed ukm cmtdrïm. His aidfjajdktds dstmeïstjamodktd sj`kjfjamtjvis ed 7,:7 y 7,>7 fudrik madptmeis aioi ukm prudcm ed cudkm frmcjhjeme, aumkei sd mphjamrik his aiktrihds medaumeis m his kjvdhds ed deme. Umocjêk sd rdmhjzmrik dstuejis ed aiksjstdkajm jktdrkm y sd amhauhmrik dh aidfjajdktd Mhfm y hm airrdhmajñk tdst rdtdst. Dk tieis his amsis sd ictuvjdrik rdsuhtmeis smtjsfmatirjis.

Dk dh omkumh irj`jkmh sd jkahuydk msjojsoi =is rdsuhtmeis ed itris dstuejis ed fjmcjhjeme rdmhjzmeis aik his emtis ed suldtis odktmhodktd rdtrmsmeis, sireis, ejs-

Hms jkejamajikd jkejamajikdss ed Bdhhdy (=:30) fudrik

hêxjais, aik prichdoms ed mprdkejzmld i qud nmcïmk sufrjei trmuomtjsois ed amcdzm. Dk tieis his amsis his rdsuhtmeis aikfjromrik

ed his oiedrkis kjvdhds hms prdaursirms fjmcjhjeme. Dstd ed mutir aiksjedrmcm madptm-

ed Jm prudcm2 Jis ïkejads ictdhm frmcjhjeme kjeis isajhmk dkfjd 7,04 y 7,:3.

 

Ho,r Craoh, So L, Qrok¡¡kiu y QusK B. LikKs¡r'r

5.=7. DQUTEJIQ DQWMÝIHDQ Qd nmk amhauhmei his ïkejads ed frmcjhj eme airrdspikejdktds m his rdsuhtmeis ed hms mphjamajikds dspmýihms. Wmrm dhhi sd utjhjzmrik his emtis ed hm oudstrm ed tjpjframajñk ahmsjfjameis dk his ojsois `rupis ed deme dstmchdajeis pmrm hm cmrdomajñk.

airrdhmajñk dktrd

dk his dhdodktis pmrds y hm ictdkjem dk Jis dhdodktis jopmrds, his rdsuhtmeis sd airrj-

`jdrik aik hm fñrouhm ed QpdmromkCriwk.

Dk hm Umchm 5 sd prdsdktmk his ïkejads airrdspikejdktds m dstd dstueji luktmodktd

Qd utjhjzñ dh oêtiei ed hms eis ojtmeds i «pmrds jopmrds" qud aiksjstd dk nmhhmr hm

aik d= drrir tïpjai ed odejem.

Umchm 5. Fjmcjhjeme y drrir tïpjai eme

ed odejem (emtis dspmýihds)

FiromM

Firom C DUO

UO c-tt 0-> :-=7

t0-H5

=4-=> 0:-34 36-57 5=-67 6=->4

hm puktumajñk ictdkjem

7,>1 =,>: 7,>= 3,31 3pH 7,>: 7,:3 3,7H 7,:= 3,33 7,>: 3,=4 7,:7 3,7,:5 3,61 7,:1 3,>1

7,>0 =,07 7,:= 0,54 =,:5 7,:1 7,:3 3,1> 7,:= 3,=0 7,:4 3,44

5.==, VMHUED\ His dstuejis ed vmhjedz pripirajikmk hm sd`ukem prudcm dopïrjam ed Jm kiromhjzmajñk ed uk tdst (Nmoojhh, =:>0). Msjojsoi lustjfram jms mfjromajikds ed Jis mutirds sicrd Jms sjtumajikds dk qud sd puded utjhjzmr y aikfjrom dh vmhir ed =m jkfiromajñk qud `dkdrm. Hm vmhjedz nmad qud dh dxmojkmeir tdk`m aikfrmkzm dk qud dsd tdst smtjsfmad su kdadsjeme ed jkstruodktis ütjhds y hd myuem m omktdkdr i dhdvmr su prdstj`ji.

Dk psjaiodtrïm sd ejstjk`udk fukem-

odktmhodktd trds tjpis ed vmhjedz< vmhjedz ed aiktdkjei, vmhjedz ed arjtdrji y vmhjedz ed aikstruati. His dstuejis ed vmhjedz ed aiktdkjei sd rdmhjzmk pmrm edtdrojkmr sj his dhdodktis edh tdst sik dldophis rdprdsdktmtjvis edh aikstruati qud ojed dJ tdst. Dk mpmrtmeis mktdrjirds sd nmk jkahujei dstu1>

ejis y aiodktmrjis sicrd _m vmhjedz ed aiktdkjei edh UIKJ-3< edfjkjajñk edh aikstruati qud sd prdtdked odejr y edsarjpajñk ed his priadejojdktis pmrm firomr dh cmkai ed dhdodktis.

Hm vmhjedz ed arjtdrji nmad rdfdrdkajm m }m rdhmajñk dktrd his rdsuhtmeis dk dJ tdst y itrms odejems sjojhmrds. Hm jkvdstj`majñk ed dstd tjpi ed vmhjedz dvmhüm sj uk tdst airrdhmajikm aioi sd dspdrm aik arjtdrjis dxtdrkis y sj sd puded utjhjzmr pmrm prdedajr futuris rdsuhtmeis dk dsd arjtdrji. Mukqud ki sd jkahuydk dstuejis prdejatjvis edh usi edh UIKJ-3, sd supikdk rdhmajikds sj`kjframtjvms dktrd his rdsuhtmeis dk dh ojsoi y mh`ukms ed hms odejems ed jktdhj`dkajm y mptjtueds qud sd utjhjzmk dk Jm matumhjeme.

 

U7KJ-3. hcsr k¡ J¡jr¡ua¡sahr Ku X'¡SsMr

Hm vmhjedz ed aikstruati sd rdfjdrd mh `rmei ed aijkajedkajm dktrd his phmktdm-

ojdktis tdñrjais qud prdsuojchdodktd sucymadk dk dh tdst y his rdsuhtmeis qud sd ictjdkd aik ê=. Sdsuhtmk ed dspdajmh jktdrês hms rdhmajikds icsdrvmems aik mh`ukms vmrjmchds< deme, jktdhj`dkajm y tjpis dspdajmhds ed rdmhjzmajñk. ¹Odlirmk his rdsuhtmeis aik Jm deme i sd omktjdkdk dstmchds9 ¹Ictjdkdk odlirds puktumajikds his suldtis crjhhmktds9 ¹Hi`rmk puktumajikds oís mhtms his suldtis qud hddk odlir i qud tjdkd uk `rmk eiojkji edh jejiom9 Dstd ds dJ tjpi ed prd`uktms qud sd firouhmrik dk hms jkvdstj`majikds sicrd hm vmhjedz ed aikstruati edh UIKJ-3.

rrdhmajñk2 dsti nm hhdvmei m Jms mutirms m aiksjedrmr auíh edcd sdr dJ tmomýi ed dsis aidfjajdktds. Wmrm Mkmstmsj, aidfjajdktds cmlis, 7,37, sir m vdads madptmchds2 @mrrdt (=:45), ds oms rj`urisi y aiksjedrm qud edcdk hhd`mr, mh odkis m 7,572 Nmoojhh, Criwk y Crymkt (=:>:), edspuês ed mkmhjzmr ejstjktms jkfiromajikds aikahuydk qud sd pudedk madptmr aioi lustjfjamtjvis ed vmhjedz aidfjajdktds ed 7,14 y supdrjirds. Dstms sik hms kiroms qud sd nmk tdkjei dk audktm pmrm jktdrprdtmr his emtis ed vmhjedz edh UIKJ-3.

His dstuejis dspdaïfjais rdmhjzmeis jk-

Dk his dstuejis ed vmhjedz edh UIKJ-3 sd nm trmtmei ed jedktjfjamr aikadptis jopirtmktds dstmchdajdkei njpñtdsjs mktjajpm-

ahuydk jkvdstj`majikds sicrd Jm rdhmajñk dktrd his rdsuhtmeis edh tdst y hm deme, mukqud dsti rdsuhtñ cmstmktd døedktd puds, dk dh priadsi kiromh edh edsmrrihhi dh sdr nuomki sd nmad oís dfjajdktd pmrm siL.uajikmr prichdoms y dsti sd rdfhdlm dk hms puktumajikds ictdkjems pir his suldtis ed demeds suadsjvms, dk his dstuejis irj`jkmhds sd icsdrvñ qud hm odejm ed hms puktumajikds ejrdatms muodktmcm aikstmktdodktd aik hm deme nmstm his =: mýis. Dk dstd pukti sd omktdkïm y mJ fjkmh ed hm eêamem ed his 37 aiodkzmcm m edsadkedr.

Hm omyirïm ed his emtis sicrd vmhjedz

Dk his dstuejis dspmýihds sd aikýrom dstd ndani, his emtis sd prdsdktmk dk Jm

Dxjstd ajdrti edsmaudrei dktrd Jis prifdsjikmhds rdspdati m his priadejojdktis qud sd edcdk utjhjzmr dk hm jkvdstj`majñk ed Jm vmhjedz2 sd`ük Nmoojhh, khis prifdsjikmaijkajedk oís dk hm edfjkjajñk ed his hds tjpis ed vmhjedz qud dk Jm ed his mkíJjsjs pmrm jkvdstj`mrhis".

ems sicrd mh`ukis puktis.

sd dxprdsmk dk firom ed aidfjajdktds ed ai-

Umchm 4.

Umchm 4. Dstmeïstjais ictdkjeis dk hm mphjamajñk edh UIKJ-3 Deme 4-6 0-> :-=7

UJ-U5 =4-=>

t:-34

36-57 5=-67 6=->4

K :7 >6 >3

151 =:1 =6> :> 3: 57

FiromM

Firom C

Ode.

E.t.

Ode.

:,1= =1,7: =0,65 3=,36 34,>4 13,66 15,06 17,=: =1,=1

5,6H 4,=1 6,3> 0,14 0,44 6,01 6,1> =7,00 0,14

>,56 =1,51 H>,13 35,35 35,47 13,7> 13,0=

E.t. 5,0t

5,>6 0,>5 >,5> 0,4> ==,1: ==,>=

1:

 

Hor Ckiw,

Soh L. Qrokkrxiu y Qus,qK B. Lirhhrsrx

Dk his dstuejis irj`jkmhds tmocjêk sd mkmjjzñ Jm rdhmajñk dktrd dh rdkejojdkti y

aik prichdoms ed mprdkejzmld, sireis, ejsJêxjais, rdtrmsmeis y aik eitmajñk jktdhdatumh mhtm.

mh`ukms odejems ed mptjtueds d jktdhj`dkajm `dkdrmh, Jm ampmajeme pmrm ejsarhojkmr dktrd ejstjktis `rupis ed suldtis y Jm jktdrrdhmajñk dktrd hms eis firoms edh tdst. Hm omyirïm ed his aidfrajdktds qud sd ictuvjdsd nmcïm drmk supdrjirds rik mh y7,14 pripudsti pir qud aioi arjtdrji tmkti sd aikfrromk hms njpñtdsjs. Dsti aikstjtuyd ukm cudkm prudcm ed hm vmhjedz edh UIKJ-3, qud sd vd rdfirzmem pir hm sjojhjtue ed his rdsuhtmeis dk ejvdrsis jktdrvmhis ed deme y dk pichmajikds kiromhds msï aioi dk suldtis

Airrdhmajikds aik itrms prudcms. Emtis dspmýihds Qd nmk rdmhjzmei mh`ukis dstuejis aik emtis aikfjromr qud dh UIKJ-3dspmýihds omktjdkd pmrm sus amrmatdrïstjams aumkei sd utjhjzm dk kudstri pmïs. Wmrm aiopricmr hm njpñtdsjs sd amhauhmrik hms airrdhmajikds dktrd his rdsuhtmeis ed Jm prudcm y =is edh PJQA-S. His rdsuhtmeis ictdkjeis sd prdsdktmk dk hm Uíchm 6.

Umchm 6. Airrdhmajikds edh UIKJ-3 (Firoms M y C) aik itrms prudcms UIKJ-3

FiromM UIKJ.3 C

UIKJ-3 Firom C

7,03

PJQA-S

Jkfiromajñk Qdodlmkzms Mrjtoêtjam Viamcuhmrji Aioprdksjñk Eï`jtis Uitmh Vdrcmh F. Jkaiophdtms Njstirjdtms A ucis

Siopdamcdzms

Hmcdrjktis Ahmvds UitmhOmkjpuhmtjvi Uitmh Dsamhm

7,67 7,4> 7,16 7,4> 7,37 7,5: 7,40 7,43 7,47 7,63 7,50 7,54 7,56 7,65 7,66

7,67 7,40 7,35 7,67 7,==

7,51 7,41 7,43 7,41 7,40 7,53 7,54 7,1: 7,63 7,63

Hm oudstrm qud sd utjhjzñ dk dstd dstueji dstmcm firomem pir =60 dsaihmrds, vmrikds y ouldrds, aik demeds aioprdkejems dktrd > y : mýis qud aursmcmk sus dstuejis dk uk aihd`ji püc=jai ed Omerje. Hms prudcms sd mphjamrik aik uk jktdrwmhi ed > m =3 odsds. M dstis suldtis sd hds mphjamrik hms eis firoms edh UIKJ-3 aik uk jktdrvmhi ed uk ods.

ejdktds m hm Firom M aioi his ed hm Firom C, y edstmamk his airrdspikejdktds mh Uitmh Omkjpuhmtjvi y Uitmh Dsamhm, sjdkei mh`i jkfdrjir, pdri tmocjêk sj`kjframtjvi dh edh Uitmh vdrcmh. Hm airrdhmajñk dktrd mocms firoms ed =m prudcm ds mhtm, pdri jkejam qud ki sd trmtm ed firoms pmrmhdhms y qud su dqujvmhdkajm ki ds titmh. Dstm ds ukm ed hms rmzikds pir qud sd prdsdktmk cmrdois

sd puded icsdrvmr his ïkejsik sj`kjfjamtjvis, tmkti tieis his airrdspikads Aioi

jkedpdkejdktds pmrm amem firom.

57

 

U7KJ-3. Ursr ¡r JKr¡Hra¡Kan Ki VrCMr

UMCHM M

aikvdrsjñk ed puktumajikds ejrdatms ed hm FiromMdk ar y adktjhds (pir demeds) WEJAJ J ',hj

4-6

306 5>1 10: 4>6 6 =>: 0:3 >:6 ::: =7 073 == =74 =3 '=7: =1 J ==3 =5 J =r4

WA

5 6 q

=4

37 35 57

5> 46 63

00

00 >1 >0

=4 ==> =6 =33 t0 t34 h> t3>

:=

37 3=j

:> ::

=: J =13

33 39 35 34 36 30

3> 3:

J J

17

1'h

13

15

14 1: 1>

=

J

1: 57

51 55

J

4r

h

45

44

=

=

',h

=71 41 J d= 3s =76 65 :5 16 =7> 60 :6 57 === 04 :> 5+ ==5 >7 =7= 43 000 >4 J =71 46 =37 =31 >: :1 ¡| =76 =7> 65 6: =36 :4 J ==7 05 =3: :6 ==1 0> =13 `0 ==4 >1 =14 :> ==> >0 =1> :: =37 >: =5= :: =33 s= =55 :: ) 034 :5 =50 :: j030 :4 =17 :0 013 :0 =15 :> =1: :: =5= :: 055 :: =56 ::

==.=5

=4.=>

AJ WA 4: = 6= = 61 == 64 603 6: 1 00 1 015 n /E 00 0 9i i >= == >1 =4 >4 t0 >0 37 di aÍ

:= :1 :4 :0 ::

AJ

J

WA

h:-34

AJ

WA

36-57 J 5=-67 AJ WA JAJ WA

J 6=->4 jAJ WA

hl'j" J h

6= = 61 = 64 = 603 6>3 07 1 035 05 4 /c tr 0>: >7 == >3 =1 >5 =4 >6 37 >> 31 :7 36 :3 1= :5 16 :6 57 :> 55

3: 11 16 53

5>

=73 46 =75 67 =76 65 =7> 6: ==7 '.=5 =77 47 =03 00 =73 46 ==5 >7 =75 67 ==6 >5 =76 65 ==> >0 =7> 6: =37 >d ==7 05 033 :0 003 0= ==5 >7 =36 :4 ==6 >5 =3> :6 ==> >0 =17 :9 037 >: =13 =15 d0 :> 033 =35 :0 :1 =16 dd t36 :4 =1> :: =3> :6 =57 :: =17 :0 u3 ss) 013 :0 =55 :: =15 :> =16 :: =1> :: =57 :: 053 :: 055 :: J

| |

J J

h

J

| | |

J

53)

43 41

:6 :0

:.=7

J

5t

54 5> 50 5> 5: 47

=14 =1>

MM

0->

AJ WA JAJ WA 64 =67 6> 3 61 = 3 07 01 1 560 64 06 6=07 1 0: dh03 5 >3 =1j04 6 >4 00 00 d >> khUs := 3: >3 =1 :5 16 >5 =4 :0 53 >0 37 =77 47 >: 35

J

0: >= >1 >4 j>0

:7

03 5:5 91 5:6 =4 6:>

6= = 610 64 = 603 07 1 05 4 035 06 6i 9m >= == >1 =4 >4 00 >0 37 :7 ]h36 7: :5 :6 ::

16 57 5> 43 4> 63 60 05

=7= =71 =74 070 ==7 =03 00 =05 >7 ==6 >5 ==: >> =3= :7 034 :5 030 :4 =17 :0 013 :0 =15 :> =16 :: =1: :: =5= :: =51 :: =54 ::

J :

==

=4 00

37

36

16 57

55

WE =

3

5 4

6 0

J

i

=7

==

t3

06 6 =77 47 't0 0 )=73 46 0: :==75 67

t5

== J =76 65

=4 =6

04 6 := 3: =33 :=, 00 0 :1 11 035 :1 0: J :5 16 =36 :4 >3 =1 J :6 57 03> :6 >5 =4 J :0 53 =017 :0 >6 37 =:> 55 | t13 :0 >: 35

35 34 36 30 3> 3: 17

>7 >3 >1 >5 64 3=>0 = >6 6>

=1

=1 =7> 60 t0 =4 ==7 05 => =4 0=3 00 =: >7 37 ==5 >5 37t==6 37 3t 07 1 >: 35 | 0r> >0 33 03 5 :7 36 =37 >: 31

=77 47 | =15 :> := 3: =7= 43 =16 :: 1= :1 11 =71 4> =1> :: 13 :6 57 =75 67 :> 55 074 63 15 =7= 43 070 60 14 =71 4> J =7> 6: 16 0= =74 63 =7> === 04 6:J =7: 1> ==7 05 =03 0'= 1: 0=.3 00 005 >7 57 ==4 >1 ==4 >1 5t ==0 >4 ==6 >5 53 ==: >> ==> >0 51 =33 :0 ==: >> 55 035 :1 | 03= :7 54 =36 :4 | t33 :0 56 03: :6 =31 :1 50 =1= :0 =34 :5 5> =11 :> =36 :4 5: =16 :: 03> :6 47 =1> :: =3: :6 4= =50 :: J =17 :0 43 051 :: j 013 :0 41 :> 45 =11 =14 :> 44 5=.

 

Hrru.a Cki$K, Srru L. Qok¡¡r'riu y Qus,tX B. LiNr,rs¡K

UMCJ,M C

Aikvdrsjñk ed puktumajikds ejrdatms ed Jm Firom C dk AJ y adktjhds (pir demeds) WE

,

=

15 4

6 0

>

J

=7

=h t3

=1

h5

=4 =6 =0 => =:

37 3t

33 31

35 34 36 30 3> 17 1= 13 15 14 16 1> 1: 57

5t

53 51 55 54 56 50 5> 5: 47 4=

43 41 45 cc

4.6

AJ /c

WA t)

>1 >6 >: 35 :3 1= :4 1> :: 5> 073 46 =74 63 =7> 6: === 04 005 >7 ==> >0 03t :7 035 :1 030 :4 =17 :0 015 :> :: :: =10 057 =51 :: H56 :: =4 37

0->

AJ WA 63 = 64 = 001 6>3 05 4 >7 == >1 =4 >6 37 >: 35 :3 1= :4 1> :: 5> 073 46 =74 63 =7> 6: === 04 005 >7 0=.0 >4 >: :1 =37 031 036 :4 =17 :0 =11 :> =16 ::

:.=7

AJ 603 6:1 015 6 04 06 6 0> : >7 == >3 =1 >5 =4 >6 37 >> 31 :7 36 :3 1= :5 16 :6 57 :0 +3 :: 5>

WA

=7= 43 4> 63 =71 =74 =70 60 =7: 00 === 04 ==1 0> ==4 >1 0t0 >4 ==: >> 037 >: 033 := 035 :1 036 :4 03> :6 =17 :0 =13 :0 =15 :> :: :: =16 =1> 057 :: 050 :: =51 ::

AJ

tt-=5

WA

AJ

=4-=>

WA

h`-34

AJ

WA

36-57 WA

AJ

WE

J

.)

63 65 663 6>3 6:1 001 04 6 000 0> : >7 == >3 =1 >+ =4 >4 t0 >0 37 >: 35 := 3: 1= 16 :3 :5 :6 57 :> 55

15

=

=

=77 47 =7= 43 =71 4> =74 63 =70 60 =7> 6: ==7 =5 =03 00 =05 >7 ==4 >1 0=0 >4 ==: >> =30 :7 :1 :1 031 035 036 :4 03> :6 =17 :0 =1= :0 =11 :> =14 :> =1> :: r57 :: =53 :: H55 ::

E

6

6:1 001 015 04

6

0qq

>= >1 >4 >0 >: := :1 :4 := ::

==

=4 00

37

35 3: 11 1> 53 5> 43 46 63 60

=7= =71 =74 =70 =7: 00 === 04 ==1 0> ==4 >1 0t0 >4 ==: >> 03= :7 031 :1 :5 :4 034 030 03: :6 =1= :0 =11 :> =14 :> H10 :: =1: ::

t50 =,=5

:: ii

001 035 05 4 04 6 06 6 0>: 0:: >7 == >= == >1 =4 =4 00 >5 >4 >0 37 >> 31 >: 35 := 3: :4 :6 qq

1> 57

hS

=77 47 =7= 43 =71 4> 075 67 =74 63 65 6: =7> =76 =7: 0r ==7 05 HH\ JJ ==1 0> 0=5 >7 ==6 >5 0=0 >4 ==> >0 =37 >: 030 :7 033 := 035 :1 034 :5 036 :4 =30 :4 :0 03> :6 =17

>

001

J

=7 ==

=3 =1

04 6 /c c =5 000 =4 =6 >7 == =0 >= == => >1 =1 =: =4 37 t0 3= >5 >4 >6 37 q: >> 31 31 >: 35 35 :7 36 34 := 3: 36 30 :5 16 3> :4 1> 3: :0 53 17 :> 55 1= :: 5> 13 =77 47 11 =73 46 15 =71 4> 14 =75 67 16 63 60 1> =74 =70 =7> 6: 1: =7: 00 57 === 04 5h 003 00 53 ==1 0> 51 005 >7 u ==6 >1 5t t00 >4 5> ==> >0 50 ==: >> 5> tzt :7 5: =33 := 47 =31 :1 035 :1 =34 :5

4=

43 41 45 44

 

U7KJ-3. Uhsr

tr H,,rkh,ra¡¡¡au Ki Vrkuu,

CJCHJI@SMFÏM Mjbdk, H.S.< Wsyanihi`jamh tdstjk` mke, mssdssod¹r. Cistik< Mhhyk & Cmaik, =:>4. Mkmstmsj, M.< Udsüs psjaihñ`jais. Omerje<

M`ujhmr Q M ed Dejajikds, =:0>. Mrtdr, L. M. y Ldkbjks, L. S. < .Ejffdrdktjmh ejm`kisjs-prdsarjptjvd tdmanjk`< M arjtjamh mpprmjsmh². ft"r¡r* if Deuamtjikmh Sdsdmran, 0:0:, 5:, 4=3444.

Cjkdt M. y Qjoik, U.< *Hd ¹6rr"=ip*odkt ed h'jktdhjj`dkad andz hds dkfmkts,. Jhmkkêd Wsyanmhi`jqud, =:7>, =5, 0-:5.

Chiio, M. Q. y Smsbjk, H. O.< "M aiopmrjsik if PJQA-S mke Qtmkfire-Cjkdt Jktdhhj`dkad Qamhd ahmssjfjamtjiks if ed-

vdhipodktmhhy ejsmchde Wsyanihi`y jk tnd Qaniihs,anjherdk". =:>7, L6, :.}r) .).h., t)\z-¹\I.

Chiio, M. Q., Pm`k dr, O. y Cdr`omk, M.< "M aiopmrjsik if jktdhhdatumhhy edhmyde mke prjomry rdmejk` ejsmchde anjh-

kdde fir ipdrmtjikmhjso" . Dxadptjikmh Anjherdk, =.:>t, 5\ , 530 -5>5.

Eukk, H. O. y Eukk, H... Wdmciey pjaturd Udst - Sdujsde. Ajrahd pjViamcuhmry kds, K Z Modrjamk @ujemkad Qdrvjad, =:>=.

@m`kd, S. O< kWrichdo sihvjk` mke tnjkbjk`". hkkyi¡ ¡¡dujdw if psyanihi`y, =:4:, =7,=.50-003.

@mhtik, F.< Ndrdejtmry `dkjus< Mk jkqujry jkti jts hmks mke aiksdqudka¹s. Hikerds< Omaojhhmk, =>6:. @mrrdt, N. D.< Dstmeïstjam dk psjaihi`ïm y deuamajñk. Cudkis Mjrds< pmjeis, =:05.

@huabscdr`, Q.< uFukatjikmh frxdeskdss< prichdo sihutjik ms m fukatjik ificsdrvjk` rdspiks ds". Wsyahtikioja Qajdkad, =,:65, =, ==0-==>.

erdk ik odmsurds if jktdhhj`dkad

@ujhfire, L. W.< Und struaturd if jktdhhdat. Wsyanihi`jamh Cuhhdtjk, =:46, QL,

Ciurkd, H. D.< "Qiod fmatirs mffdatjk` strmtd`jds usde jk prichdos if aikadpt

@ujhfire, L . W.< Und rutturd if nuomk jktdhhj`dkad. Kdw Zirb< Oa@rmw Njhh, =:60.

mke manjdvdodkt". Liurkmh if Ahjkjamh Wsyanihi`y, =:>7, 16, 0>>-0:7.

firomtrik". Modrjamk Liurkmh if

Wsyanihi`y, =:61, 04, 33:-34>.

360Y3:1.

Nmoojhh, E. E.< "M¡ ivdrvjdw if mssdssodkt prmatjads,. Dk Nmoojhh (De.) Mssdstnd sjk` mke jkstruatjikmh kddes if mcjhjtjds stuedkts (p. 4->0). Mustjk,

Criwk, H. y Crymkt, C. S.< "Und wny mke tnd niw if spdajmh r,iros². Sdodejmh mke Qpdajmh Deuamtjik, =[`}5, 4,43-6=. Arikcman, H. L. y Qkiw, S.D.< Mptjtueds atke jkstruatjikmh odtnies< M nmkeciin fir rdsdmran ik jktdri,atjik. Kdw Zirb< Jrvjk`tik, =:00. Eiojkiwsbj, S. H.< "Wrichdo sihvjk` ms m fukatjik if rdhmtjvd frdqudkay if airrdat rdspiksds". Wsyanikioja

Ldksdk, M.< Cjms jk odktmh tdstjk`. Kdw

Euffdy, L. Qmhvjm, L. Utrabdr, C., L.< L. d Jssdheybd, mssdssodkt< M "Kikcjmsde

Bmufomk, M. Q.< Wsjaiodtrïm rmzikkem aik dh PJQA-S. Oêljai< Omkumh Oiedrki, =:>3.

Qajdkad, =:66,

h, =70-===.

U^< WSI-DE, =:>0.

Nmoojhh,E. E., Criwk, H. y Crymkt, C. S.3.

Kukkmhh¡ L. Q.< Wsyanirkdtrja tndiry. Kdw Zirb< Oa@rmw Nj=h, =:0>.

Iistdrnif, M. A.3. Qpdmromk, ].2 "Und odmsurdodkt if jktdhhj`drad². Du`dkjas Sdujdw, J:J5, 6, 1=3-1=1.

Qtdrkcdr`, S.L.< "Fmatir tndirjds if jktdhhj`dkad mrd mhh rj`nt mhkist". Deuamtjikmh Sdsdmrandr. =:>7, :, 6-=1.

Udromk, H. O.< "@dkjus mke stupjejty< M stuey if siod if jktdhhdatumh priadssds if sdvdk 'crj`nt' mke sdvdk 'stupje' ciys". W dem`i`jamh Q doïkmr=j =:76, =1,170-101. Unurstikd, H. H.< "Wrjomry odktmh mcjhjtjds,.

Wsyaniodtrja Oiki`rmpns K" =. Anj`m`i< Tkjvdrsjty if Anjam`i Wrdss,

=:1>.

Pdanshdr, E.'. Dsamhm ed Jktdhj`dkajm ea Pdanshdr pmrm Me.uhtis. J{,5=Q. Omerje< UDM Derajikds. =::1. Pdanshdr, E.< Dsamhm ed Jktdhj`dkajk ed Pdans-

hdr pmrm Kjýis - Sdujsmem. PJQA-S. Omerje< UDM Dejajikds, =::1.

M hm vmk`umrejm ed hm dvmhumajñk psjaihñ`jam

 

JUIKJ-3 pdrojtd hm dstjomajñk ed hm jktdhj`dkajm `dkdrmh odejmktd hm dvmhumajñk ed hm ampmajeme

pmrm rdsihvdr prichdoms mcstrmatis `ríFjais (tjpi Omtrjads), dhjojkmkei hm jkfhudkajm edh hdk`umld y ed hm nmcjhjeme oitrjz.

Ejspikd ed eis firoms pmrmhdhms, M y

C, amem ukm ed dhhms firomem pir

44 dhdodktis, qud pudedk mphjamrsd jkejstjktmodktd. Qu mophji rmk`i ed mphjamajñk (edsed his 4 m his >4 mýis)lukti aik dh crdvd tjdopi qud rdqujdrd (dktrd =4 y 37

ojkutis) y hm sdkajhhdz ed mphjamajñk y

airrdaajñk ukm ütjh prudcm pmrmhmhmaikvjdrtdk psjaihñ`jam. dvmhumajñk dk

dm

JQCK< :0>->5-0=05-:>7-3

ww.tdmdejajikds.aio

,jhhJhRjhhjhR|jhffjjh