Manual Tecnicas de Venda e Faturaao

 

 MOLWOB KG FHSMOÊÀH

 ‐ [å`le`os kg Vglkos g Foturoêàh

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Eltrhkuêàh

Hs ossulths qug qug sgràh trotokhs lgstg moluob moluob kezgm rgspgeth ä jgs jgstàh tàh g tå`le`os kg vglkos . @umprelkh hs hcngtevhs prhphsths g rgspgtevhs `hltgþkhs prhjromïte`hs.  Os tå`le`os kg vglkos `hmprgglkgm o eltgjroêàh khs gsfhrêhs kg morigtelj ä otevekokg kg vglko vg lkoss kg fhr fhrmo mo pbo pbolgo lgoko, ko, umo vgz qug qug o mukolê mukolêo o kg `hm `hmphr phrtom tomglt glth h kh `hl `hlsum sumekh ekhr  r  o`hmpolao os mukolêos omcegltoes. Los gspg`efe`ekokgs kg vglkos kg o`hrkh `hm h romh kg lgjð`eh, o aocebekokg kg sgbg`ehlor vglkgkhrgs `hm `hrrgth pgrfeb poro h `orjh, hcsgrvo-sg o ompbetukg kh `omph kg gstukh ko okmelestroêàh kg vglkos, um `omph qug mgrg`g fh`h g otglêàh kg gmprgsïrehs, okmelestrokhrgs g prhfessehloes kg morigtelj. Hutr Hu trh h os ospg pgth th kg fu fulk lkom omgl glto tobb emph emphrt rtãl ãl`e `eo o gm vg vglk lkos os å o lg lgjh jh`e `eoê oêàh àh.. H prh` prh`gs gssh sh kg lgjh`eoêàh sgrï ochrkokh lgstg bevrh gm sgus `hl`geths cïse`hs, gvhbuêàh, tephs g meths, ossem `hmh lh prhfessehlob qug o utebezo prote`omgltg h tgmph thkh gm suos otevekokgs `hmgr`eoes. Hs hc hcng ngtetevh vhss ko gmpr gmprgs gso o sà sàh h fh fhrm rmub ubok okhs hs o po port rter er kg suo suo prðp prðpre reo o mess messàh àh g gs gs`h `hph ph g elfbugl`eokhs pgbh mgeh omcegltg. O ovobeoêàh kos omgoêos gxtgrlos ä gmprgso pgrmetg gstocgbg`gr hs hcngtevhs kg vglkos. H kgsglvhbvemglth kgstg moluob prh`urorï gl`hltror rgsphsto poro hs hcngtevhs prhphsths lo rgobezoêàh kgstg gstukh, lhmgokomgltg> Sg`hlag`gr o emphrtãl`eo ko vglko.

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 Opbe`or hs prel`ípehs cïse`hs cïse`hs ko vglko

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Trh`gkgr ä foturoêàh g `hcrolêo khs sgrveêhs prgstokhs

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[å`le`os kg vglkos 

Å h pbolgomglth kg umo gmprgso, qug otrovås kg sgus vglkgkhrgs thtobmgltg trgelokhs g `opo`etokhs phssom oumgltor os vglkos ko gmprgso, um quokrh kg `hbochrokhrgs, um bujor  `hmgr`eob gm ful`ehlomglth, prhkuths poro vglkgr .  Os tå`le`os kg vglkos gxestgm kgskg kgskg qug os premgeros rgboê÷gs `hmgr`eoes surjerom. _uobqu _uobqugr  gr  orjumglth åte`h kerg`ehlokh oh `hlvgl`emglth kg `begltgs poro o oqueseêàh kg um cgm hu sgrveê sgr veêh h phk phkg g sgr `hlse `hlsekg kgrok rokh h umo tå` tå`le` le`o o kg vgl vglko. ko. Bhj Bhjh, h, sg sgm m umo cho lg lgjh` jh`eoê eoêàh, àh, kefe`ebmgltg aovgrï umo cho vglko. Kgskg gltàh, os tå`le`os mukorom `hm h mulkh, suos rgboê÷gs sh`eoes g kgs`hcgrtos.  Otuobmgltg, h `hmphrtomglth kh `hlsumekhr å um khs, sglàh h prel`epob phlth kg rgfgrîl`eo poro por o o kgf kgfele eleêàh êàh kg kgsso ssoss oê÷gs oê÷gs kg vgl vglkos kos.. Kgvgm Kgvgmhs hs `hlsek `hlsekgro gror, r, tom tomcå cåm, m, hut hutrhs rhs fot fothrg hrgss emphrtoltgs, `hmh o tg`lhbhjeo, hs vglkgkhrgs, hs kokhs shcrg hs `begltgs, os hfgrtos, hs hcngtevhs g mgtos hrjolezo`ehloes, gt`.

 Emphrtãl`eo ko Vglko g Trhmhêàh ko Vglko

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Trhmhêàh kg Vglkos phkg sgr kgfeleko `hmh um `hlnulth kg måthkhs g rg`urshs qug vesom oumgltor h vhbumg kg vglkos kg um prhkuth hu sgrveêh kuroltg um pgríhkh kg tgmph kgtgrmelokh. Gbo gstï prote`omgltg oh ob`ol`g kg quobqugr gmprgso, elkgpglkgltgmgltg kh romh kg otevekokg, phrtg hu bh`obezoêàh jghjrïfe`o, phes lo moehreo khs `oshs làh kgpglkg kg jrolkgs elvgstemglths. Toro oumgltor h lívgb kg vglkos, o prhmhêàh kgvg prhphr`ehlor oh `hlsumekhr um cglgfí`eh `hl`rgth, sglsecebezolkh-h loqugbg mhmglth. Thrtolth, làh sg kgvg prhbhljor umo `ompolao phrr mu ph mueteth h tg tgmp mph, h, phes phes h cglg cglgfí fí`e `eh h oke` oke`eh ehlo lobb ph phkg kg el el`h `hrp rphr hror or-s -sg g oh prhk prhkut uth h hu sgrv sgrveê eêh, h, rgkuzelkh h empo`th g hs rgsubtokhs ko oêàh prhmh`ehlob. H qug kgtgrmelo h su`gssh kg umo prhmhêàh kg vglkos8 Wmo såreg kg fothrgs eltgrlhs g gxtgrlhs kgtgrmelo h su`gssh hu h fro`ossh kg umo oêàh prhmh`ehlob. Hs fothrgs gxtgrlhs, `hmh phr gxgmpbh, o rgsphsto ko `hl`hrrîl`eo hu fhrtgs mukolêos lo g`hlhmeo bh`ob hu kh

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poís, muetos vgzgs gstàh fhro kh `hltrhbg ko gmprgso. Ossem, kgvgmhs `hl`gltror gsfhrêhs lh qug phkgmhs otuor.  O prhmhêàh kg vglkos vglkos   å umo gstrotåjeo kg morigtelj emgkeoth, nï qug sàh `reokos oê÷gs phtgl`eokhros kg el`rgmglth kg vglkos kg kgtgrmelokh prhkuth lum `urth prozh kg tgmph, qug `aomo o otglêàh kh `hlsumekhr poro kgtgrmelokh prhkuth hu mor`o. Lumo obturo gm qug h `hlsumekhr å `oko vgz moes gxejgltg g ro`ehlob los suos `hmpros, os gmprgsos gmprgs os tgl tgltom tom elf elfbug bugl`e l`eï-bh ï-bh,, `hm `hmpgt pgtelk elkh h gltrg gltrg se làh sð otr otrovå ovåss kg kef kefgrg grgl`e l`eoêà oêàh h kg otrecuths, mos lum pgríhkh gm qug o `resg å pobovro kg hrkgm, prh`urom otroer h `hlsumekhr  `oko vgz moes otrovås kg prhmhê÷gs obe`eoltgs lh phlth kg vglko.  O prhmhêàh kg vglkos tgm h`upokh `oko vgz moes um bujor kg kgstoqug kgltrh khs pbolhs kg morigtelj.  O soturoêàh pucbe`etïreo khs mgehs troke`ehloes (moss mgkeo) å umo rgobekokg qug glvhbvg ovubtokhs elvgstemglths phr portg kos gmprgsos, g qug tgm sekh shbu`ehloko otrovås kg umo cho ophsto lh phlth kg vglko, hlkg o moehreo kos kg`es÷gs kg `hmpro sàh thmokos, g qug bag troz rgsubtokhs emgkeoths g kergths. Hutro rozàh poro h `rgs`emglth ko prhmhêàh lh phlth kg vglkos rgsekg lo prgssàh qug o kestrecueêàh mhkgrlo gxgr`g shcrg os mor`os poro `hmprorgm `oko vgz moes gspoêh kg belgor  g phr suo vgz os mor`os prgssehlom os `okgeos kg kestrecueêàh poro qug gxesto moehr rhtoêàh kg sth`i. Frgqugltgmgltg os `ompolaos kg prhmhêàh kg vglkos surjgm `hmh rgsphsto emgkeoto,

▾Ke`os poro sgr um chm vglkgkhr >

?. Pgr o o`gss `gssívgb, ívgb, tgr ssgmprg gmprg um shrresh shrresh g sg sgno no sgmprg sgmprg `hlfe `hlfeoltg oltg.. 3. [glao umo oporîl`eo kg su`gssh. Vesto-sg cgm g usg rhupos qug `hmcelgm `hm sgu romh kg lgjð`eh. 0. Làh chrkg h `begltg `hm pobovros lgjotevos, `umpremgltg-h `hm um `obhrhsh chm-keo, cho torkg hu cho lhetg!. Tgrjultg gm qug phkg onukï-bh hu sg vh`î nï socg h qug h `begltg qugr, foêo um `hmgltïreh phsetevh shcrg h prhkuth hu sgrveêh. ;. Hfgrgêo sgus sgrveêhs g oprgsgltg-sg `hmh objuåm qug phkg onukor, làh `hmh qugm kgsgno vglkgr.. [glao um `ortàh kg vesetos poro qug h `begltg sg bgmcrg kh sgu lhmg g phsso vhbtor o fobor `hm vh`î. ;

 

7. Muetos vgzgs, um shrresh ojrokïvgb `hm um mhvemglth kg `hrph jgro moes rgsubtokh qug um opgrth kg màh. 6.. O suo oporîl`eo prg`eso gstor gm aormhleo `hm h qug gstï fobolkh g vglkglkh. Kgvg gs`hbagr os pobovros `grtos poro kezgr oh `begltg. Mhstrg prhphstos kg o`hrkh `hm os suos gxpg`totevos9 :. _uolkh lg`gssïreh, kî sujgst÷gs, mos prh`urg sgjuer h pgrfeb g gstebh kh `begltg9 1. Gstgno sgmprg cgm elfhrmokh o`gr`o kh prhkuth kg vglko.

▾Hs vglkgkhrgs kg su`gssh sàh pgsshos `hlfeoltgs. Pocgm `hmh prhvh`or umo `hmpro kg mhkh fermg, mos omejïvgb. [îm umo otetukg phsetevo pgroltg o veko. Gm `oko possh kh prh`gssh kg vglko å lg`gssïreh oprglkgr `hlsgbahs g tå`le`os qug moltglaom gsso otetukg.

Fosgs ko prgporoêàh poro vglkos>

 

 - prgporor os pgrjultos ohs `begltgs oltgs kg pgjor lh tgbgfhlg hu cotgr ä suo phrto hu oltgs ko veseto. - oh oprgsgltor um prhkuth kgvg `hl`gltror-sg gm vglkgr shbuê÷gs qug rgsphlkom ohs prhcbgmos `hl`rgths kh `begltg. - oh fg`aor umo vglko kgvg oltg`epor gvgltuoes hcngê÷gs, el`buelkh os rgbotevos oh prgêh.  Objumos Ke`os kg tå`le`os tå`le`os kg vglko>

▾Onukor h `begltg o gltglkgr h qug gbg prg`eso muetos vgzgs h `begltg làh tgm `borgzo ocshbuto kos suos lg`gssekokgs. Mhstror h qug å prg`esh poro shbu`ehlor sgus prhcbgmos otuoes g h qug å prg`esh poro làh `reor prhcbgmos lh futurh å h popgb kh vglkgkhr,

▾Gstocgbg`gr umo rgboêàh kg `hlfeolêo g `hrkeobekokg `hm h `begltg Pg h vglkgkhr `hlsgjueu gltglkgr os lg`gssekokgs kh `begltg g sotesfozî-bos pgrfgetomgltg, gbg vhbtorï o `hmpror g o suo premgero vglko tgrï sekh `hl`buíko `hm su`gssh. 7

 

▾Pgno fbgxívgb H chm vglkgkhr å oqugbg qug sg okopto äs moes kevgrsos setuoê÷gs. Pg gbg `hlsgjuer mhbkor  os suos otetukgs kg o`hrkh `hm o pgrshlobekokg kh `begltg `hm qugm gstï bekolkh, tukh sg thrlorï moes fï`eb los lgjh`eoê÷gs g rgsubtorï, `grtomgltg, lumo `hmpro. Kgvgrï okhtor  kefgrgltgs phsturos poro `oko setuoêàh.

▾Lul`o sucgstemg h `begltg @hm hs `hlsumekhrgs `oko vgz moes otglths g `hls`egltgs khs sgus kergeths, quobqugr  tgltotevo kg froukg hu gljolh voe sgr bhjh ekgltefe`oko pgbh `begltg, qug, obåm kg làh fg`aor  lgjð`eh, oelko voe gspobaor o mï fomo lh mgr`okh.

▾Pgno `reotevh Wsor orjumglths qug glvhbvom h `hlsumekhr, fozglkh `hm qug gbg emojelg hs cglgfí`ehs kh prhkuth lh sgu `htekeolh, å umo kos ke`os kg vglkos. Pgr elhvokhr.

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VGLKOP KESG[OP 

Hs tephs kg vglkos moes frgqugltgs lh mgr`okh sàh os vglkos kergtos,  O vglk vglko o kergt kergto o å h `bïsse `bïsse`h `h mhkgbh mhkgbh kg `hm `hmgr` gr`eob eobezo ezoêàh êàh cosgokh cosgokh lh `hl `hltot toth h kergth gltrg

vglkgkhrgs g `hlsumekhrgs. O prel`epob kefgrglêo kgsso mhkobekokg gm rgboêàh ohs hutrhs tephs kg vglko å qug o lgjh`eoêàh làh o`hltg`g g lgm gstï vel`uboko o um gstocgbg`emglth `hmgr`eob.

[ephs kg vglko kergto> 

   

 O vglko kergto phkg sgr prote`oko kg kefgrgltgs fhrmos, fhrmos, os prel`epoes kgbos sàh> sàh>

▾phrto o phrto> quolkh h vglkgkhr sg kgsbh`o otå o rgsekîl`eo hu bh`ob kg trocobah khs sgus `begltgs poro gxecer sgus prhkuths g vglkî-bhs9

▾`otïbhjh>  lgst lgstg g `o `osh sh h vg vglk lkgk gkhr hr kg kgex exo o um `o `otï tïbh bhjh jh hu rgve rgvest sto o `h `hm m em emoj ojgl glss g kgs`reê÷gs khs prhkuths los màhs kh `begltg qug, phstgrehrmgltg, gltro gm `hltoth hu kgvhbvg h motgreob elfhrmolkh hs etgls qug kgsgno `hmpror9

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▾gvglths>  lgssg teph kg vglko kergto, h vglkgkhr prhmhvg um gvglth ‛ qug phkg sgr  opglos umo rguleàh kg omejhs hu umo jrolkg fgstevekokg ‛ poro rguler pgsshos g hfgrg`gr sgus prhkuths.

HTELEÀH TÞCBE@O> 

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‒Hpeleàh pþcbe`o å o porte`epoêàh phpubor lo `reoêàh, `hltrhbg, gxg`uêàh g `ríte`o kos kergtrezgs kg umo sh`egkokg. Å tomcåm kgsejloko phr sglsh `hmum, gm qug sg elsgrgm os ekgeos `hlsekgrokos `hrrgtos pgbo moehr portg ko sh`egkokg, qug sgjugm um pokràh åte`h-mhrob qug å sucngtevh sgjulkh o suo `ubturo, `hlkeê÷gs sh`eoes g, gm objuls `oshs, suo rgbejeàh. Å,  phrtolth, h `hmphrtomglth `hmphrtomglth qug o moehreo kg umo sh`egkokg sh`egkokg thmo gm rgboêà rgboêàh h o objum ossulth.  O hpeleàh pþcbe`o kgrevo kgrevo kg hpele÷gs pgss pgsshoes hoes g nuízhs kg vobhr q qug ug `oko um foz g tgm o rgspgeth kg kgtgrmelokh ossulth.

▾Mg`olesmhs kg Fhrmoêàh kg Hpeleàh Tþcbe`o

Fhrmokhr kg hpeleàh 

 

Å umo pgssho qug tgm o `opo`ekokg kg elfbugl`eor g mhkefe`or o hpeleàh kg hutros pgsshos. Hs fhrm fhrmok okhr hrgs gs kg hpel hpeleà eàh, h, h morigtelj, morigtelj, o prhpojolko prhpojolko,, us usom om pg pgss ssho hoss `h `hla lag` g`ek ekos os g kg su`g su `gss ssh h po poro ro ot otro rovå våss kgbo kgboss `r `reo eorg rgm m lo loss pg pgss ssho hoss o vh vhlt ltok okg g kg `h `hmp mpro rorr kg kgtg tgrm rmel elok oko o mgr`okhreo hu `hltrotor kgtgrmelokh sgrveêh. Thkg Th kgm m el elfbfbug ugl` l`eo eorr os vg vglk lkos os kg kgtg kgtgrm rmel elok okh h prhk prhkut uth, h, ou oumg mglt ltol olkh kh o qu quol olteteko kokg kg kg mgr`okhreo vglkeko. Wm kgsphrtesto fomhsh oh oporg`gr `hlsumelkh um kgtgrmelokh prhkuth `reo gm muetos pgsshos h kgsgnh kg tomcåm `hlsumer oqugbg kgtgrmelokh prhkuth. Wm vglkgkhr tomcåm phkg utebezor-sg kg tå`le`os kg fhrmoêàh kg hpeleàh poro oumgltor os suos vglkos, empubsehlolkh hs sgus rgsubtokhs g `hmess÷gs.

▾Phlkojgls>  å um prh`gkemglth poro tgstor g shlkor o rgspgeth kh empo`th kum prhkuth poro hctgr um premgerh rgsubtokh aephtåte`h o`gr`o kh prhkuth. :

 

Thr gx> Oltgs kg bolêor h lhvh prhkuth, sgrï mgbahr qug sg foêo umo shlkojgm gltrg hs phtgl`eoes `hlsumekhrgs poro socgr h qug prgtglkgm… Wtebezo Wte bezom-s m-sg g jgr jgrobm obmglt gltg g glt gltrgv rgvest estos os g/h g/hu u qu qugst gstehl ehlïre ïrehs hs por poro o hct hctgr gr rgs rgsubt ubtokh okh.. Trh Trh`ur `uro-s o-sg g h pþcbe`h obvh, o ïrgo obvh obgothreomgltg hu làh.

▾Trhpojolko   > å umo gstrotåjeo kg pgrsuosàh `hm h hcngtevh kg prhmhvgr objumo ekgeo, ▾Trhpojolko prel`ípeh, khutrelo, `ouso hu prïte`o. Toro Tor o essh, essh, gbo opg opgbo bo poro poro rg`urs rg`urshs hs pse pse`hb `hbðje ðje`hs `hs,, qug mgxgm mgxgm `hm gmh gmhê÷g ê÷gs, s, hpe hpele÷ le÷gs gs g sgltemglths, g mhtevo o oêàh o porter kgbgs. Å um khs mgehs kg olul`eor kgtgrmelokh ossulth, `hm h hcngtevh kg `hlvgl`gr hu elfbugl`eor  o hpeleàh kh rg`gpthr,

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[ephs kg Trhpojolko> 

▾Trhpojolko ▾Trhpojol ko gljolhso h olul`eoltg phkg hfgrg`gr umo ekgeo por`eob hu thtobmgltg grroko gm rgboêàh ä rgobekokg kh prhkuth hu kh sgrveêh. [rolsmetg o ekgeo ebusðreo kos `oro`tgríste`os kh qug sg gstï olul`eolkh, opglos `hm o felobekokg kg vglko kh mgsmh.

▾Trhpojolko ▾Trhpojol ko ekghbðje`o fhrmor or os ek ekge geos os g Å umo tå` tå`le` le`o o kg pgr pgrsuo suosàh sàh rgobez rgobezoko oko kg mol molger gero o o `hl `hlvg vgl`g l`gr  r   hu fhrm `hlve`ê÷gs khs elkevíkuhs. Trhpojolko phbíte`o Trhpojolko gbgethrob Trhpojolko jhvgrlomgltob Trhpojolko elstetu`ehlob Trhpojolko sh`eob

▾Trhpojolko kg prhkuth H hcngtevh kgsto prhpojolko å h kg kevubjor um prhkuth g elfbugl`eor h `hlsumekhr o `hmprïbh. Å hlkg sg utebezo thkh `hlnulth kg oê÷gs ekghbðje`os g elsteltevos poro elfbugl`eor h phkgr kg `hmpro kh `hlsumekhr.. 1

 

▾Trhpojolko ▾Trhpojol ko kg sgrveêhs Gstg teph kg prhpojolko kgke`o-sg gm elfbugl`eor h phkgr kh `hlsumekhr poro kgtgrmelokh sgrveêh. O suo ekgltefe`oêàh å um phu`h semebor `hm o prhpojolko elstetu`ehlob, phråm suo fulêàh troto-sg opglos ko kevubjoêàh kh sgrveêh.

▾Trhpojolko `hmporotevo ▾Trhpojolko Gstg teph kg prhpojolko å fgeth `hm cosg lo `hmporoêàh kg prhkuths qug sàh `hl`hrrgltgs. H olul`eoltg `hltrop÷g o suo prðpreo hfgrto ä hfgrto ko `hl`hrrîl`eo.

▾Tucbe`ekokg> umo tå`le`o kg `hmule`oêàh gm mosso, poro kevubjor, thrlor pþcbe`h um foth hu umo ekgeo, `uno  felobekokg å oprgsgltor g fhrlg`gr elfhrmoê÷gs shcrg prhkuths hu sgrveêhs `hm fels `hmgr`eoes `hm h prhpðseth kg `hlke`ehlï-bo poro h oth ko `hmpro.  O pucbe`ekokg obåm kg gstemubor o oêàh kg `hmpro, tgm h prhpðseth kg kor moehr ekgltekokg o um prhkuth hu ä gmprgso gmprgso g mhstro hs cglgfí`ehs g vvoltojgls oltojgls kh prhkuth.

▾O pucbe`ekokg `agjo oh pþcbe`h  obvh otrovås kg kevgrshs fhrmos pucbe`etïreos,> rgvestos,  nhrloes, `ortozgs, poelåes, rïkeh, tgbgvesàh, `elgmo, eltgrlgt, pucbe`ekokg kergto (fhbagths, `otïbhjhs, `ortos), gt`

[ephs kg pucbe`ekokg >

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?.Tucbe`ekokg kg prhkuth Gsssg tetep Gs ph kg pu puc cbebe``ek eko okg tg tgm m `h `hmh mh hcngtevh prh prhmhv mhvgr gr um prh prhkut kuth h kg um umo o gm gmp prg rgsso g oprgsgltï-bh poro h `hlsumekhr `hmh o mgbahr obtgrlotevo kg gs`hbao.

3.Tucbe`ekokg kg sgrveêhs  O pucbe`ekokg kg sgrveêhs prgtglkg prhmhvgr cgls làh motgreoes, mos `hmh h prðpreh lhmg kez, o gstrotåjeo tgm `hmh felobekokg o prhmhêàh kg sgrveêhs. sgrveêhs. Thr gxgmpbh, prhpojolkos kg col`hs, sgjurokhros, hpgrokhros kg tgbgfhlg gt`….. 5

 

0.Tucbe`ekokg @hmporotevo @hm gssg teph kg gstrotåjeo pucbe`etïreo, umo mor`o prgtglkg `hmporor h sgu prhkuth hu sgrveêh `hm h qug å hfgrg`ekh pgbh `hl`hrrgltg. Å umo molgero kg prhmhvgr g kgmhlstror oh `hlsu `h lsumek mekhr hr os vo volto ltojgl jglss kg `h `hlsu lsumer mer h prh prhkut kuth h op oprgs rgsglt gltokh okh g phr phrqug qug làh hpt hptor or pgb pgbo o `hl`hrrîl`eo.

;.Tucbe`ekokg kg Trhmhêàh  O pucbe`ekokg kg prhmhêàh å rgobezoko `hm h ouxíbeh kg mgehs kg `hmule`oêàh sh`eob, `hmh phr gxgmpbh, o tgbgvesàh, eltgrlgt, rïkeh, nhrloes, rgvestos, gltrg hutrhs.  O pucbe`ekokg `hmgr`eob å oqugbo qug moes lhs rhkgeo g qug lhs el`gltevo kergtomgltg ä `hmp `h mpro ro.. Otro Otrovå våss kg måth måthkh khss kg pgrs pgrsuo uosà sàh, h, h `h `hls lsum umek ekhr hr å `h `hlv lvgl gl`e `ekh kh o ok okqu quere ererr um kgtgrmelokh prhkuth hu sgrveêh (gxgmpbhs> outhmðvges, gspg`tï`ubhs kg `elgmo, veojgls, gt`.).

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Foturoêàh 

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H qug å foturor 8 _uolkh objuåm (pgsshob elkevekuob, gmprgso) kgvekomgltg bgjobezoko gmetg um kh`umglth gs`reth (foturo) shcrg umo `hmpro.

FO[W FO [WSO SO - Wmo foturo å um kh`umglth `hmgr`eob qug rgprgsglto o vglko poro `begltgs

 

khme`ebeokhs gm tgrretðreh lo`ehlob. Å `hlsekgrokh kh`umglth fes`ob, phrqug el`bue gbgmglths ko bgjesboêàh fes`ob.

Kokhs ko foturo> Kokhs Fes`oes kg vglkgkhr g `hmprokhr, Bgjesboêàh fes`ob hcrejotðreo poro foturos9 Sgjesth khs prhkuths vglkekhs> `ðkejh, lhmg, quoltekokgs g rgfgrîl`eo kh EVO kg `oko prhkuth.

g-fo gfotu turo ro - H g-foturo g-foturo å  å umo pbotofhrmo hlbelg gm qug hs `hltrecueltgs phkgm vgrefe`or os foturos kg cgls hu sgrveêhs qug `hmprorom g hs mhltoltgs kg kgkuê÷gs gm ESP  qug phkgm hctgr. Purjeu gm fgvgrgerh kg 34?7 poro `hmcotgr o froukg g gvosàh fes`ob g phssecebekokg kg kgkuzer  gm ESP umo pgr`gltojgm kos kgspgsos kos foturos. Essh forï `hm qug pojug mglhs emphsth, hu otå qug tglao kergeth o rggmchbsh kg ESP.

@hmh ful`ehlo h g-foturo lo prïte`o8 @hmgêo quolkh `hmpro um cgm hu sgrveêh g pgkg poro `hbh`orgm h  lþmgrh kg `hltrecueltg

lo foturo. Gsto voe sgr outhmote`omgltg `hmule`oko ä O[. Lh gltolth, oelko tgrï qug er oh setg g-foturo poro vo vobe beko korr os fo fotu turo ros, s, hu sgno, vgrefe`or sg os elfhrmoê÷gs qug `hlstom gstàh `hrrgtos.   H g-foturo tomcåm pgrmetg qug rgjestg foturos qug qug os gmprgsos làh tglaom tglaom `hmule`okh äs Felolêos, cgm `hmh hutros rgobezokos gm poísgs ko Wleàh Gurhpgeo hu kh Gspoêh G`hlðme`h Gurhpgu.

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Os `otgjhreos kgkutívges lh g-foturo  Os `otgjhreos kgkutívges poro gfgeths kg ESP sàh kg kevgrshs tephs. Toro `oko teph gxestg umo pgr`gltojgm kg kgkuêàh g um bemetg kg kgkuêàh poro h ojrgjokh fomebeor.

S g`echs vgrkgs  H tgrmh rg`ech vgrkg gstï ossh`eokh o trocobaokhrgs elkgpglkgltgs g ä fhrmo `hmh gstgs `hlsgjugm foturor hs sgus sgrveêhs. Wm trocobaokhr elkgpglkgltg   å umo pgssho  qug `hbochro  `hm umo gmprgso  sgm qug tglao um `hltroth kg trocobah . Toro possor rg`echs vgrkgs tgm premgerh kg ele`eor o otevekokg .  Thkg ele`eor otevekokg lum sgrveêh kg felolêos hu gltàh lo suo ïrgo rgsgrvoko kh phrtob kos felolêos.

Trhjromos kg foturoêàh

 

Wm shftworg `grtefe`okh å um prhjromo qug `umprg thkhs hs rgqueseths ko O[. O `oko um `hrrgsphlkg um lþmgrh kg `grtefe`oêàh Å hcrejotðreh sgjuer um `hlnulth kg rgjros gstocgbg`ekos pgbo O[ kg fhrmo o jorolter um `hltrhbh fes`ob, gvetolkh o phssecebekokg kg obtgroêàh kg kokhs, qug pgrmetgm o gvosàh fes`ob.

Vglko o Kelagerh 

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Kgvgm sgr utebezokos sgmprg qug o vglko hu prgstoêàh kg sgrveêh å gxg`utokh g h pojomglth å fgeth lo ahro.  O Vglko o Kelagerh làh kï kï um prozh kg pojomglth, lgm emp empbe`o be`o o gmessàh kg um rg`ech, umo vgz qug lo Vglko o Kelagerh gstï empbí`eth qug h pojomglth sgno fgeth lo ahro ko suo gmessàh.

Vglko o Kelagerh g foturo

 

Wmo foturo hu Vglko o Kelagerh sð kefgrgm lh prozh kg pojomglth `hl`gkekh oh `begltg, glquolth qug gmeter umo Vglko o Kelagerh prgssup÷gm qug h pojomglth å fgeth lo ahro, umo foturo phkg tgr um prozh kg pojomglth oborjokh hu pojomglths fosgokhs. fosgokhs. ?3

 

Lh gltolth, omchs hs tephs kg kh`umglths tîm vobhr `hltocebíste`h g fes`ob.

Vglko o `råketh

 

Å gl`hmglkor g rg`gcgr umo mgr`okhreo sgm tgr kg pojï-bo emgkeotomgltg, h vglkgkhr `reo um `råketh poro h `hmprokhr, glveolkh umo mgr`okhreo sgm rg`gcgr lglaum kelagerh gm trh`o.  O foturo å glveoko, lhrmobmgltg nulth ä mgr`okhreo, qug kgvg sgr pojo kgltrh kg um prozh gstocgbg`ekh.

_uob å h prozh kg pojomglth8 H prozh kg pojomglth, poro h `begltg, kgpglkg kg vïrehs fothrgs. Jgrobmgltg gstocgbg`g-sg um prozh kg ?7 o 54 keos. Wm khs fothrgs moes emphrtoltgs kez rgspgeth oh teph kg `begltg> 

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Hs `begltgs porte`uborgs tîm, gm jgrob, kergeth o um prozh kg ?7 o 04 keos lh mïxemh. Hs `beglt `begltgs gs qug sàh sàh gmprg gmprgsos sos (qu (qug g `hm `hmpro prom m cgl cglss g sgr sgrveê veêhs hs kg hut hutros ros gmp gmprgs rgsos) os) kesp÷gm, veo kg rgjro, kg prozhs moes fbgxívges, gltrg 04 g 54 keos.

Lh gltolth `oko `osh å ovobeokh `hlfhrmg vïreos `hlkeê÷gs .

Lhto kg @råketh

 

Wm kh` kh`umg umglth lth bgjob bgjob rgtefe` rgtefe`ote otevh vh qug `hr `hrrej rejg g umo fot foturo uro,, ol olubo ubolkh lkh-o -o po por`e r`eobm obmglt gltg g hu lo thtobekokg. Gmetg-sg sgmprg qug aï lg`gssekokg kg rgtefe`or umo foturo hrejelob, g oelko phkg sgrver poro kor `råketh oh `begltg.    Os setuoê÷gs qug gxejgm rgtefe`oêàh sàh vïreos, kgskg o el`busàh kg kokhs opðs o gmessàh ko foturo, kgvhbuêàh kg prhkuths, grrhs lh prggl`aemglth hu hutros setuoê÷gs moes kgbe`okos.  O lhto kg `råketh tgrï sgmprg sgmprg qug sgr possoko elke`olkh elke`olkh o foturo o qug ssg g rgfgrg.

Gxgmpbh> Lhto kg @råketh 34?5/7 rgfgrgltg ä foturo 34?5/?34

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Kgvhbuê÷gs>

 

Kg o`hrkh `hm o bgjesboêàh gurhpgeo, h vglkgkhr tgm o hcrejoêàh kg rgporor hu sucstetuer um cgm okquerekh hu kg prhphr oh `hlsumekhr umo rgkuêàh kh prgêh hu h rggmchbsh, sg h cgm gm qugstàh sg rgvgbor kgfgetuhsh hu làh tevgr o oporîl`eo hu làh ful`ehlor `hmh olul`eokh. Pg `hmpror um prhkuth fhro kg um gstocgbg`emglth `hmgr`eob  (phr gxgmpbh, phr tgbgfhlg, phr  `hrrgsphlkîl`eo hu o um vglkgkhr phrto o phrto), tgm tomcåm kergeth o olubor o `hmpro g o kgvhbvgr o gl`hmglko lh prozh kg ?; keos, elkgpglkgltgmgltg kh mhtevh g sgm tgr kg kor  umo nustefe`oêàh.

Toro quobqugr trh`o kgvg-sg tgr gm otglêàh gstgs trîs phlths> ?. H ortejh qug qug prgtgl prgtglkg kg kgvhbvgr kgvhbvgr hu trh`or trh`or kgvg gst gstor or lh mgsmh gs gstokh tokh kg `h `hlsgrv lsgrvoêàh oêàh gm qug fhe okquerekh9 3. Làh rgteror rgteror gtequ gtequgto gtos, s, prel`e prel`epob pobmgl mgltg tg lh `osh kg rhu rhupo po hu `obêokh. `obêokh. Lhut Lhutrhs rhs ortej ortejhs, hs, gvetor rgteror os gmcobojgls, phes o bhno phkg làh o`getor o trh`o sg h ortejh tevgr sekh vehbokh9 0. Juor Juorko korr sgmp sgmprg rg hs to tob÷ b÷gs gs kg `h `hmp mpro ro,, phes phes `h `hlt ltîm îm o ko koto to gm qu qug g sg rgob rgobez ezhu hu o oqueseêàh kh ortejh. Pg sg orrgpglkgu ko `hmpro, phr hutrh mhtevh qug làh sgno h kgfgeth, o bhno làh å hcrejoko, bgjobmgltg, o kgvhbvgr h kelagerh oh `begltg, lgm o rgobezor o trh`o kh ortejh. Lh gltolth, o moehr portg khs gstocgbg`emglths `hmgr`eoes pgrmetg o trh`o hu fo`ebeto h rggmchbsh kh vobhr, `hm vesto o fekgbezor hs `begltgs. Lgstg `osh, `ocg tomcåm oh `hmgr`eoltg, kg`eker quob o fhrmo kg rggmchbsh ‐ kelagerh hu vobg kg `hmpros.

Jueo kg trolsphrtg g kg rgmgsso>

 

 O jueo kg rgmgsso elke`o h glveh kg mgr`okhreo, glquolth qug o jueo kg trolsphrtg å h kh`umglth qug o`hmpolao o mgr`okhreo kuroltg h sgu trolsphrtg. Kgskg qug `hltglaom hs gbgm gbgmgl glth thss best bestok okhs hs lh Sgje Sgjemg mg kg Cgls Cgls gm @er` @er`ub uboê oêàh àh,, hu hutr trhs hs kh kh`u `umg mglt lths hs ph phkg kgm m sg sgr  r  utebezokhs `hmh kh`umglths kg trolsphrtg (phr gxgmpbh, foturos). ?;

 

 

Gmeter Jueos kg Sgmgsso/[rolsphrtg  O Jueo kg Sgmgsso hu Jueo kg [rolsphrtg kgvg sgr gmeteko quolkh sg glveo hu trolsphrto mgr`okhreos (cgls kg `er`uboêàh) gm tgrretðreh lo`ehlob. Kg o`hrkh `hm o Outhrekokg [recutïreo g Okuolgero hs Cgls kg @er`uboêàh  sàh thkhs hs motgreoes qug sg gl`hltrom fhro khs bh`oes kg prhkuêàh, trolsfhrmoêàh hu gxphseêàh lhs gstocgbg`emglths kg vglko. gl`hltrokos gm vgí`ubhs lh mhmglth mhmglth kg kgs`orjo, trolschrkh hu Thr gxgmpbh, mgr`okhreos gl`hltrokos gxphstos poro vglko gm fgeros g mgr`okhs.

Vobekokg khs Kh`umglths kg [rolsphrtg

 

Hs kh`umglths kg trolsphrtg sàh vïbekhs kgskg h mhmglth ko suo gmessàh otå ä felobezoêàh kh prh`gssh kg gltrgjo ko mgr`okhreo. Lh mhmglth kh trolsphrtg, kgvg `er`ubor `hm h `ðkejh qug fhe otrecuíkh o `oko kh`umglth, poro oprgsgltor gm `osh kg fes`obezoêàh. [hkhs [hk hs hs kh` kh`umg umglth lthss kg trols trolsphr phrtg tg kgv kgvgm gm sgr `hmul `hmule`o e`okhs khs ä Out Outhrek hrekokg okg [re [recut cutïre ïreo o g  Okuolgero (O[) oltgs kos mgr`okhreos soírgm poro o ruo g oltgs kg sgrgm gltrgjugs lh `begltg.

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