Manual ST4

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr P]=

 

Costruçñas ma sarvcçj a ehoutaoçàj ma ]urdjhfceaothmjr (]GA) P]=

Ljeprassjraodhu Dhooawctz GedB WcomdargstrhÚa =1 >8742 Dhooawctz Tapûdfc`h Iamarhf mh Hfaehobh ]afaijoa;

]afaihx;

+=3 (018) => 21 9>0 (vaomh) +=3 (018) => 21 993 (htaomceaotj) +=3 (874) 01 89 >=1 (htaomceaotj 4= bjrhs) +=3 (018) => 21 9=2 (htaomceaotj)

A-Ehcf; Bjeaphga;

sarvc`a-4=/7Nldd-turdj.ma www.ldd-turdj.ma

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

Afhdjrhmj pjr; >9/4>81 P`bjfza

Yarcic`hmj;

 

^ègcoh 8 ma 18 Fcdarhmj;

 

^hrta D

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]= (Hoaxhmh ueh fcsth ma jic`cohs hutjrczhmhs phrh htaomceaotj hj `fcaota.)

^ègcoh 4 ma 18  

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

 

@jotaûmj

 

^fh`h ma cmaotcic`hçàj

]jmj turdjhfceaothmjr turdjhfceaothmjr tae suhs `hrh`tarcstc`hs `je comc`hçñas mj tcpj, aspa`cic`hçàj a mj oûearj ma sãrca. Asths coijrehçñas `josthe mh pfh`h ma cmaotcic`hçàj. H pfh`h ma cmaotcic`hçàj ã ejothmh oh fhtarhf mh `hr`hçh mjs eho`hcs (ju `aotrhf) mj turdjhfceaothmjr Ae `hsj ma parguoths, ao`jeaomh ma paçhs ma rapjscçàj ju jutrhs muvcmhs ã cepras`comåvaf coijrehr js mhmjs hdhcxj 5      

  

]cpj ma ]GA O.¾ ma aspa`cic`hçàj aspa`cic`hçàj O.¾ ma sãrca

(]ypa) (Ppa`.) (Parchf)

Astas mhmjs sàj cepras`comåvacs phrh ue prj`assheaotj rèpcmj a `jrratj. ^armh mh ghrhotch Oàj taràj `jdarturh ma ghrhotch ihfbhs qua vaobh h j`jrrar oj ]GA ae iuoçàj ma 5    





   

 

ehoutaoçàj cosuic`caota cosuic`c aota ju ihfth ma ehoutaoçàj, ehousacj cohmaquhmj, ju oàj `ueprceaotj ma ragrhs ma jparhçàj mj prasaota ehouhf ma costruçñas, ejothgae a costhfhçñas costhfhç ñas hmc`cjohcs oj turdjhfceaothmjr, turdjhfceaothmj r, iacths pjr tar`acrjs. utcfczhçàj utcfczhç àj ma paçhs ma rapjscçàj oàj jrcgcohcs

 Hfãe mcssj h `jdarturh mh ghrhotch `ashrh oj `hsj ma quhcsquar quhcsquar cotarvaoçñas cotarvaoçñas aiatuhmhs pjr passjhs oàj hutjrczhmhs murhota j paråjmj ma `jdarturh mh ghrhotch. Aotra asths astàj ae aspa`chf;    

h masejothgae ma quhfquar `jepjoaota mj turdjhfceaothmjr, turdjhfceaothm jr, raphrjs a trhdhfbjs ma ehoutaoçàj qua sakh oa`asshrcj h masejothgae ma

 

`jepjoaotas mjphrtas turdjhfceaothmjr. sudstctucçàj sudstctu cçàj ma qua sakh oa`asshrcj h masejothgae ma `jepjoaotas mj turdjhfceaothmjr9/4>81)

^ègcoh 0 ma 18

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

  @jotaûmj

Åomc`a @hpåtufj ]åtufj

^ègcoh

8 

MHMJP ]Ã@OC@JP ...................................................................... 9 

8.8  8.4  8.0  8.=  8.1  8.9 

Mhmjs jparh`cjohcs ........................................................................................ 9  Yhfjras ma hfarth ............................................................................................. 7  Mceaosñas ...................................................................................................... 7  @joaxñas ma eamcçàj .................................................................................... 2  ^asj ma paçhs a `jokuotjs ............................................................................ 2  Ycdrhçñas ........................................................................................................ 3 

4 

PAGQTHOÇH .............................................................................. 8> 

4.8  4.4  4.0 

Pcstaehs ma sagurhoçh costhfhmjs ............................................................... 8>  Eamcmhs ma sagurhoçh (h sarae aiatuhmhs pafj jparhmjr) ............. .......................... ............. 8>  Ma`fhrhçàj ma co`jrpjrhçàj ......................................................................... 88 

0 

COMC@HÇÑAP GATHCP MA ^ATCGJ.................... .......... ..................... ..................... .............. 84 

0.8 

[joh ma parcgj .............................................................................................. 84 

0.4   0.0

^assjhf mama jparhçàj a ma ehoutaoçàj ............ ........................ ......................... ......................... ................... ......... 84 Costhfhçàj paçhs ma rapjscçàj a ma masghsta .......................... ............. .......................... ............... 80  

= 

EJMAFJ ............................ .......................................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ................ 8= 

=.8  =.4  =.0  =.= 

Mas`rcçàj su`coth .......................................................................................... 8=  @jostruçàj .................................................................................................... 8=  ^rco`åpcj ma iuo`cjoheaotj........................................................................... iuo`cjoheaotj........................................................................... 8=  Qtcfczh`àj pravcsth ......................................................................................... 8= 

1 

J^ATHÇÀJ J^ATHÇ ÀJ ............................. ........................................... ............................ ............................ ....................... ......... 81 

1.8  1.4  1.0  1.=  1.1  1.9 

^rceacrh `jfj`hçàj ae iuo`cjoheaotj ......................................................... 81  @jfj`hçàj ae iuo`cjoheaotj ....................................................................... 81  ]aepj ma phrhmh mj rjtjr ................................ Arrj! Comc`hmjr oàj maicocmj.  Ihfbhs ma iuo`cjoheaotj .............................................................................. 89  Parvcçj ma aeargëo`ch mj turdjhfceaothmjr........................ ........... ......................... ......................... ............. 89  Eamcmhs ae `hsj ma phrhmh prjfjoghmh ...................................................... 87 

9 

EHOQ]AOÇÀJ ........................................................................... 82 

9.8  9.4  9.0  9.=  9.=.8  9.=.4 

Garhf ............................................................................................................. 82  ]rhdhfbjs ma ehoutaoçàj ............................................................................ 82  Fcepazh ........................................................................................................ 83  ^fhoj ma ehoutaoçàj ................................................................................... 4>  ]rhdhfbjs ma ehoutaoçàj ae `hsj ma jparhçàj `je mcasaf (EMJ) ........... 4>  ]rhdhfbjs ma ehoutaoçàj ae `hsj ma jparhçàj `je ðfaj `jeduståvaf (BIJ) ............................................................................................................ 48  ]hdafh ma cmaotcic`hçàj ma ihfbhs .................................................................. 40

9.1 

^ègcoh = ma 18

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

@jotaûmj

 

7 

MAPEJO]HGAE A EJO]HGAE .............................................. 4= 

7.8  7.4  7.0 

Cotrjmuçàj ...................................................................................................... 4=  @jotrjfa mhs phrtas comcvcmuhcs ......................................................................4= ......................................................................4=  @jotrjfa ma ijfghs ............ ......................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... .......................... ...............41 

 

7.=   7.=.8 7.=.4  7.=.0  7.=.=  7.=.1  7.=.9  7.=.7  7.=.2  7.=.3  7.=.8> 

  Athphs mama trhdhfbj ........................ .......................................................................................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ...............47  Fhvhgae `jeprassjr Fhvhgae ma turdcoh ....................................................................................... 42  Fcepazh mj scfao`cjsj ................................................................................... 08  Dfjquacj mj turdjhfcea turdjhfceaothmjr othmjr ......................... ............. ........................ ......................... ......................... ..................... ......... 04  Masejothgae mj turdjhfceaothmjr `jepfatj ..................................... ....................... ........................ .......... 00  Ejothgae mj turdjhfceaothmjr `jepfatj ............. ......................... ........................ ......................... ................. ....0=  Masejothgae a ejothgae mj scfao`cjsj,a mh `hr`hçh ma hspcrhçàj .......... 01  Masejothgae a ejothgae mh `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr .............................. ........................ ...... 09  Masejothgae a ejothgae mj `jokuotj prco`cphf ............ ......................... .......................... .................07  Masejothgae mj `jfatjr ma as`hpa ............................... .................. .......................... .......................... ................. ....02 

2 

^AÇHP MA TA^JPCÇÀJ A IATTHEAO]HP ...................... ........... ................. ...... 03 

2.8  2.4  2.4.8  2.4.4  2.4.0  2.4.=  2.4.1  2.4.9  2.4.7  2.4.2  2.0  2.0.8  2.0.4 

Garhf ..............................................................................................................03 ..............................................................................................................03  ^açhs ma rapjscçàj ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................=> =>  ]urdjhfceaothmjr `jepfatj (8>>>) ........... ........................ .......................... .......................... .......................... ............. =>  ]urdjhfceaothmjr dèsc`j (88>>) ......................... ............ .......................... ......................... ......................... .................. .....=8  @hr`hçh mh turdcoh, `jepfath ............ ........................ ......................... .......................... ......................... ...................... .......... =4  @hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr, `jepfath ................................. .................... .......................... .......................... .................. .....=0  Yamhçñas a kuoths (338>) ............. .......................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ...............==  Afaeaotjs ma icxhçàj (3348) .......................... ............. ......................... ......................... .......................... ...................... ......... =1  Afaeaotjs ma icxhçàj (330>) .......................... ............. ......................... ......................... .......................... ...................... ......... =9  Afaeaotjs ma icxhçàj (3308) .......................... ............. ......................... ......................... .......................... ...................... ......... =7  Iarrheaoth .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................=2 =2  Kjgj ma iarrheaoths (37>>)......................... ............ ......................... ........................ ......................... ......................... ..............=2  Jutrhs iarrheaoths ........................................................................................ =3 

3 

HOARJ ............................ .......................................... ............................ ............................ ............................ .................. .... 1> 

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh 1 ma 18

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr h gès ma as`hpa P]=

  @hpåtufj 8

8 8.8

MHMJP ]Ã@OC@JP Mhmjs jparh`cjohcs Aspa`cic`hçñas Yafj`cmhma eèx. ma rjthçàj ]aeparhturh eèx. ma ghsas ma as`hpa hotas mh turdcoh

7=>xxxx

vakh ^fh`h ma

Ðfaj fudrcic`hota ]cpjs ma ðfajs fudrcic`hotas; Ðfaj mj ejtjr `je ueh vcs`jscmhma `coaeètc`h  h => ¾@, p.ax. PHA0>, PHA=> icftrj ma ðfaj `je icoazh ojecohf mj icftrj hotas mj ]GA prassàj mj ðfaj fudrcic`hota fudrcic` hota aotrhmh oj ]GA prassñas hmecssåvacs mj ðfaj fudrcic`hota ae `hsj ma asthmjs jparh`cjohcs jparh`cjo hcs aspa`chcs 5  Hj coc`cj mj iuo`cjohea iuo`cjoheaotj otj Iuo`cjoheaotj ae ehr`bh faoth ju sae `hrgh phrhmh (prã- ju ra-fudrcic`hçàj ra-fudrcic` hçàj / iuo`cjoheaotj ae sthomdy) taeparhturh mj ðfaj fudrcic`hota fudrcic`hot a hotas mj ]GA taeparhturh mj ðfaj fudrcic`hota fudrcic`hot a hpðs j ]GA quhotcmhma ma ðfaj fudrcic`hota fudrcic` hota (9> ¾@, 0>> l^h) Oåvaf ma prassàj h`ûstc`h (eamcmh oj scfao`cjsj/ `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr, ae 8e ma mcstäo`ch, h 34% mh vafj`cmhma eèx. rjthçàj, ju hcomh, 8>>% ma pjtëo`ch mj ejtjr) `jotrhprassàj hpðs turdcoh maprassàj î iraota mj `jeprassjr Èguh ma hrraia`ceaotj (sð oj `hsj ma `hr`hçh mjs eho`hcs `je raircgarhçàj pjr èguh)  èguh)  ]aeparhturh mh èguh ma hrraia`ceaotj oh aotrhmh mciaraoçh eèx. ma taeparhturh ma èguh ma hrraia`ceaotj aotra aotrhmh a shåmh ^rassàj mh èguh ma hrraia`ceaotj

`hrh`taråstc`hs 88> ... 8=> ee´/s eèx. 41 ±e 0>> + 81> l^h

eåo. 1> l^h eåo. 1> l^h vakh mchgrheh hdhcxj => ... 8>1 ¾@ eèx. 84> ¾@ eèx. 02 f/eco 8>9 mD(H) eèx. 4,1 l^h(Ö) eèx. 8,1 l^h(Q)

1> ‐ 21 ¾@ 8> L. eèx. =>> l^h

pðfaj  (l^h)

tðafj (j@)  

^ègcoh 9 ma 18

prassàj hmecssåvaf mj ðfaj fudrcic`hota fudrcic` hota raiaraota h prã- ju ra-fudrcic`hçàj ra-fudrcic`hç àj (iuo`cjoheaotj ae sthomdy)

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

@hpåtufj 8

 

8.4

Yhfjras ma hfarth Yhfjr ma eamcçàj

Yhfjr ma hfarth

Yafj`cmhma ma rjthçàj

>,37 * o eèx.

]aeparhturh ma ghsas ma as`hpa hotas mh turdcoh

t eèx. ‐ 81L

]aeparhturh mj ðfaj fudrcic`hota fudrcic`hot a hpðs j ]GA ^rassàj mj ðfaj fudrcic`hota fudrcic`ho ta hotas mj ]GA

6 84> ¾@ ? 841 l^h (8,41 dhr)

  Xuhomj js vhfjras ma hfarth sàj raspa`tcvheaota hmaquhmjs hjs mhmjs mj ejtjr, js vhfjras h`ceh raiarcmjs oàj mavae sar ax`amcmjs, ju hcomh, oj `hsj mh prassàj mj ðfaj fudrcic`hota oàj mavae sar coiarcjras! H vafj`cmhma eèxceh ma rjthçàj a h taeparhturh eèxceh ma ghsas ma as`hpa hotas mh turdcoh `josthe mh pfh`h ma `hrh`taråstc`hs, ju hcomh, mj `artcic`hmj ma cospaçàj!

8.0

Mceaosñas



]jmhs hs eamcmhs sàj comc`hmhs ae ee!

@jeprceaotj Fhrgurh

(mapaoma mh pjscçàj mh `hr`hçh)

eèx. 8>2> eèx. 189

 Hfturh

(mapaoma (mapaoma mh pjscçàj pjscçàj mh `hr`hçh) `hr`hçh)

eèx. 147

Gès ma as`hpa  

@hr`hçh Aotrhmh `je ueh dj`h @hr`hçh Aotrhmh `je muhs dj`hs Phåmh Phåmh Aotrhmh Aotrhmh

8x Ò 841 ee 4x Ò 21 ee Ò 4=1 ee Ò 8=1 ee 4 x E82x8,1 4 x E49x8,1

Aotrhmh oh `hr`hçh mjs eho`hcs Phåmh oh `hr`hçh mjs eho`hcs ]udj ma hr ]udj ma èguh ]udj ma èguh Mraohgae

Ò 84 ee Ò 07 ee E82x8,1 E89x8,1 E82x8,1 ]udj

 Hr ma hfceaothçàj hfceaothçàj  Hr ma hrraia`ceaotj hrraia`ceaotj `jeprassjr `jeprassjr *) @jeprassjr h`cjoheaotj pjr hr `jeprcecmj * Ðfaj fudrcic`hota fudrcic`hot a Fhvhgae ma `jeprassjr Fhvhgae ma turdcoh *



mapaoma mj tcpj mj turdjhfceaothmjr

Hs tudufhçñas phrh hs `joaxñas ma eao`cjohmhs oàj astàj co`fuåmhs ojs ctaos ma ijroa`ceaotj mh Ljeprassjraodhu Dhooawctz GedB. Ae tjmj `hsj hs tudufhçñas mavae sar costhfhmhs fcvras ma taosàj.

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh 7 ma 18

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr h gès ma as`hpa P]=

  @hpåtufj 8

8.=

@joaxñas ma eamcçàj J ]GA ã aqucphmj `je hs `joaxñas ma eamcçàj raiarcmhs h sagucr, qua pjmae sar utcfczhmhs quhomj oa`assèrcj.  





 

8.1

^hrh h eamcçàj ma taeparhturh a prassàj ijrhe pravcsths oh `hr`hçh ma hspcrhçàj, oh `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr a oh `hr`hçh mh turdcoh raspa`tcvheaota 4 uocñas rjs`hmhs (E82x8,1) kuotj hj `jfatjr ma as`hpa. Ã pjssåvaf costhfhr ue saosjr ma rjthçñas oh `hr`hçh mjs eho`hcs phrh eamcr h rjthçàj mj rjtjr

^asj ma paçhs a `jokuotjs (Js pasjs comc`hmhs oj prasaota mj`ueaotj vhrche ae `joijrecmhma `je js tcpjs ma turdjhfceaothmjr a sarvae `jej jrcaothçàj, `hsj sakhe oa`assèrcjs eacjs huxcfchras ma ejothgae.) Mas`rcçàj ]urdjhfceaothmjr * (588>>+38>>+3>8>)

Oûearj ma paçh (8>>>) hprjx.

]urdjhfceaothmjr dèsc`j) @jokuotj `aotrhf (@hrtrcmga) @hr`hçh `jepfath mh turdcoh @hr`hçh mh turdcoh Cosart mh `hr`hçh mh turdcoh  Hoaf ma rupturh rupturh @hr`hçh `jepfath mj `jeprassjr @hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr Cosart mh `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr  Hoaf mcstrcducmjr mcstrcducmjr ma ghsas ghsas Mciiusjr mj `jeprassjr @urvh aotrhmh ghsas Mcspjsctcvj Mcspjsct cvj ma vamhçàj Pcfao`cjsj Pcfao`cjs j

(88>>) (84>>)

@hr`hçh ma hspcrhçàj Ifhoga ma hspcrhçàj mj hr ^rjtaçàj ]ãrec`h

^asj 430 lg

(9>8>) (9>=>) (7>8>) (2>8>) (38>>) (37>=) (3>8>)

hprjx. hprjx. hprjx. hprjx. hprjx. hprjx. hprjx. hprjx. hprjx. hprjx. hprjx. hprjx. hprjx. hprjx.

40> lg 17 lg 19 lg =0 lg 3 lg 0 lg =7 lg 00 lg 84 lg = lg 0 lg 41 lg 84 lg 41 lg

(3>4>) (3>41) (148>)

hprjx. hprjx. hprjx.

88 lg 1 lg 81 lg

(1>8>) (1>4>) (144>)

* Aqucpheaotj dèsc`j co`fuscva scfao`chmj a `jfatjr ma as`hpa (vakh thedãe pfh`h ma `hrh`taråstc`hs) sae ravastceaotj ravastceaotj

^ègcoh 2 ma 18

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

@hpåtufj 8

 

8.9

Ycdrhçñas

oåvaf ma vcdrhçñas ehxcehs hmectcmj oj ejtjr `je 8> ... 41>Bz ; Yhfjr ma eamcçàj Yafj`cmhma ma vcdrhçàj Masfj`heaotj ma vcdrhçàj  H`afarhçàj ma ma vcdrhçàj

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

Yaii  (ee/s)

kuotj hj ]GA eèx. =1 ee/s

kuotj hj scfao`cjsj (PM) eèx. 78 ee/s

Paii  ee  ee

eèx. >,7 ee

eèx. 8,8 ee

haii  (e/s´)  (e/s´)

eèx. 7> e/s´

eèx. 888 e/s´

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh 3 ma 18

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

  @hpåtufj 4

4

PAGQTHOÇH J turdjhfceaothmjr ã ueh eèqucoh co`jepfath a ijc afhdjrhmj ae `joijrecmhma `je hs sagucotas ojrehs; 8. 4.

4.8

mcratcvh eèqucohs 4>>9/=4/@A hvhfchçàj ma rcs`js `joijrea CPJ 8=848-8

Pcstaehs ma sagurhoçh costhfhmjs  



 



Oàj bè oa`asscmhma ma aqucphr j turdjhfceaothmjr turdjhfceaot hmjr `je ue scstaeh ma sagurhoçh, cstj pjrqua h suh `jo`apçàj astruturhf ae `jedcohçàj `je j ejtjr, oj quhf afa ã costhfhmj, tae ma ghrhotcr h sagurhoçh. H ice ma ejoctjrhr h vafj`cmhma ma rjthçàj, j turdjhfceaothmjr turdjhfceaot hmjr pjma sar aqucphmj `je ue mcspjsctcvj ma eamcçàj mh vafj`cmhma ma rjthçàj.

]rhdhfbjs ma masejothgae a ejothgae oàj pjmae sar aiatuhmjs murhota j iuo`cjoheaotj. Murhota j iuo`cjoheaotj mj ejtjr sð pjmae sar aiatuhmjs js trhdhfbjs ma ehoutaoçàj a ma fcepazh mas`rctjs oj `hpåtufj 7.=.8 a oj `hpåtufj >.

4.4

Eamcmhs ma sagurhoçh (h sarae aiatuhmhs pafj jparhmjr)  



J prasaota ehouhf ma costruçñas ã phrta cotagrhota mj turdjhfceaothmjr turdjhfceaot hmjr a mava asthr saepra î mcspjscçàj mj passjhf ao`hrraghmj mh jparhçàj a mh ehoutaoçàj.

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J ehouhf ma costruçñas mava sar fcmj hotas mh `jfj`hçàj ae iuo`cjoheaotj. iuo`cjoheaot j. Mavae sar jdsarvhmhs hs hmvartëo`chs ma rcs`j a hs coijrehçñas mj ehouhf ma costruçñas. Phfcaothejs qua, `je raiarëo`ch hj sau passjhf ma jparhçàj a ma ehoutaoçàj, j jparhmjr;   mava ijrehr sau passjhf ae `joijrecmhma `je eãtjmjs sagurjs ma trhdhfbj.   mava ejoctjrhr j sau passjhf oj qua mcz raspactj îs eamcmhs ma sagurhoçh. Js trhdhfbjs rafhthmjs oasta ehouhf ijrhe mas`rctjs ma ejmj h sarae `jepraaosåvacs phrh passjhs `je h raspa`tcvh ijrehçàj tã`oc`h. 

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J jparhmjr mava jdtar h hutjrczhçàj fj`hf ma iuo`cjoheaotj a jdsarvhr raspa`tcvhs axcgëo`chs; 8. 4.

Pagurhoçh raiaraota hj passjhf Fcepazh a ehoutaoçàj mh eèqucoh

0. =.

Afcecohçàj ma prjmutj Jdrcghçñas hedcaothcs

^ègcoh 8> ma 18

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

@hpåtufj 4

 

4.0

Ma`fhrhçàj ma co`jrpjrhçàj @joijrea mcratcvh eèqucohs 4>>9/=4/@A, hoaxj CC, o.¾ 8 D   Ihdrc`hota; Ljeprassjraodhu Dhooawctz GedB, WcomdargstrhÚa =1, >8742 Dhooawctz, Tapûdfc`h Iamarhf mh Hfaehobh ^rjmutj; ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa (]GA) ]cpj, vhrchota a o.¾ ma ragcstj vakh pfh`h ma `hrh`taråstc`hs J mcratjr mj maphrtheaotj tã`oc`j, Lfhus Du`behoo, WcomdargstrhÚa =1, >8742 Dhooawctz, astè hutjrczhmj h afhdjrhr h mj`ueaothçàj tã`oc`h aspa`chf, `joijrea j hoaxj YCC D. J turdjhfceaothmjr ã ueh uocmhma co`jepfath, `joijrea j mcspjstj oj hrtcgj 4g, a sarva ax`fuscvheaota phrh costhfhçàj ae ue ejtjr ma `jedustàj. H mj`ueaothçàj tã`oc`h aspa`chf ijc afhdjrhmj `joijrea mcspjstj oj hoaxj YCC D a h maehomh afh sarè trhosectcmh trhosectc mh ae ijrehtj afatrðoc`j î hutjrcmhma oh`cjohf `jepataota. J turdjhfceaothmjr sð pjma sar `jfj`hmj ae iuo`cjoheaotj, quhomj tcvar scmj varcic`hmj qua h eèqucoh, oh quhf j turdjhfceaothmjr mava sar costhfhmj, `jrraspjoma îs ojrehs mh mcratcvh eèqucohs. Cogjfi Qfdrc`bt ao`hrraghmj ma gastàj ma quhfcmhma

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh 88 ma 18

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

  @hpåtufj 0

0 0.8

COMC@HÇÑAP GATHCP MA ^ATCGJ [joh ma parcgj  H zjoh ma parcgj ã maicocmh pafj ejtjr, ueh vaz qua j turdjhfcea turdjhfceaothmjr othmjr ma gès ma as`hpa ã phrta cotagrhota mj ejtjr.

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Murhota j iuo`cjoheaotj mj turdjhfceaothmjr j jparhmjr mava ehotar h zjoh ma parcgj fcvra ma jdkatjs, ma thf ejmj qua j h`assj astakh saepra fcvra a mascepamcmj. Oàj asquaçh prjtatjras hurc`ufhras, taomj ae vcsth qua sàj hf`hoçhmjs hftjs oåvacs sjojrjs! @ucmhmj `je j rcs`j ma quacehmurhs, taomj ae vcsth qua hs `hr`hçhs ic`he euctj quaotas!   J turdjhfceaothmjr turdjhfceaothmj r ã icxhmj hj ejtjr. Oàj pjmae sar aiatuhmhs hftarhçñas murhota j iuo`cjoheaotj.   @artcicqua-sa @artcic qua-sa ma qua murhota j iuo`cjoheaotj hs tudufhçñas ma as`hpa mj fhmj mh turdcoh oàj sa sjftae, ueh vaz qua cstj pjma prjvj`hr h iugh ma ghsas.   H zjoh ma parcgj ã maicocmh pafj ejtjr, ueh vaz qua j turdjhfceaothmjr ã phrta cotagrhota mj ejtjr. H ehoutaoçàj ã mas`rcth ae saphrhmj oj ehouhf ma costruçñas. 

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0.4

^assjhf ma jparhçàj a ma ehoutaoçàj ^assjhf ma jparhçàj a ma ehoutaoçàj sàj passjhs, qua ijrhe ao`hrraghmhs `je jparhçàj, ehoutaoçàj a fcepazh, hssce `jej, `je h afcecohçàj ma ihfbhs. Xuacrh jdsarvhr hs ojrehs ma pravaoçàj ma h`cmaotas raiarcmhs h sagucr;   guco`bjs, gucomhstas a aqucpheaotjs ma trhçàj (DGY M 2)   eacjs ma afavhçàj ma `hrgh oh jparhçàj ma hphrafbj ma afavhçàj (DGT 1>> @hp. 4.2) Ae `hsj ma cojdsarväo`ch bè rcs`js phrh h vcmh a h cotagrcmhma iåsc`h! 8. H ehoutaoçàj mj turdjhfceaothmjr sð pjma sar iacth pjr passjhs raspa`tcvheaota ijrehmhs a hutjrczhmhs. 4. Xuhomj mh ehoutaoçàj mj turdjhfceaothmjr turdjhfceaothmj r hs `jepatëo`chs tae ma sar `fhrheaota maicocmhs a jdsarvhmhs phrh qua oj `jotaxtj mh sagurhoçh oàj j`jrrhe mûvcmhs sjdra h `jepatëo`ch. 0. Ã cepras`comåvaf cepras`comå vaf jdsarvhr hs comc`hçñas mj ehouhf ma costruçñas `je raiarëo`ch h tjmjs js trhdhfbjs (jparhçàj, ehoutaoçàj, at`.). =. ^hrh hssagurhr ue fjogh vcmh ûtcf, j turdjhfceaothmjr turdjhfceaot hmjr sð mava sar utcfczhmj ae `joijrecmhma `joijrecmh ma `je js mhmjs tã`oc`js. t ã`oc`js. 1. J jparhmjr mava hdstar-sa ma quhfquar ejmj ma trhdhfbj, qua ramuz h sagurhoçh mj turdjhfceaothmjr. 9. J jparhmjr thedãe ã raspjosèvaf pafj ih`tj mj trhdhfbj kuotj hj turdjhfceaothmjr sð sar iactj pjr passjhf mavcmheaota hutjrczhmj. 7. J jparhmjr ã jdrcghmj h coijrehr j prjprcatèrcj ma ceamchtj h raspactj ma hftarhçñas j`jrrcmhs oj turdjhfceaothmjr, qua ramuzae h sagurhoçh. 2. Js trhdhfbjs ma fcepazh a ma ehoutaoçàj rafhthmjs oasta ehouhf, ijrhe mas`rctjs ma ejmj h sarae `jepraaosåvacs phrh passjhs `je h raspa`tcvh ijrehçàj tã`oc`h ae ea`äoc`h/fcepazh, ehoutaoçàj. Asths passjhs mavae tar î suh mcspjscçàj hs raspa`tcvhs iarrheaoths iarrheaoths a js raspa`tcvjs eacjs ma varcic`hçàj. 

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^ègcoh 84 ma 18

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

 

@hpåtufj 0

 

0.0

Costhfhçàj ma paçhs ma rapjscçàj a ma masghsta  Hfarthejs hcomh phrh j ih`tj ma qua paçhs ma rapjscçàj a h`assðrcjs qua oàj sakhe ijroa`cmjs pafh ojssh aeprash thedãe oàj ijrhe tasthmhs oae hprjvhmhs pjr oðs. H costhfhçàj a/ju h utcfczhçàj mastas prjmutjs pjma hftarhr ma ejmj oaghtcvj hs prjprcamhmas comc`hmhs mj turdjhfceaothmjr. J ihdrc`hota oàj ã raspjosèvaf pafjs mhojs `hushmjs pafh utcfczhçàj ma paçhs a h`assðrcjs oàj jrcgcohcs. @je raiarëo`ch î ao`jeaomh ma paçhs ma rapjscçàj a iarrheaoths mavae   sar utcfczhmhs hs fcsths ma paçhs ma rapjscçàj a   hs fcsths ma iarrheaoths. iarrheaoths. 

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 Hs fcsths ma paçhs ma rapjscçàj hoaxhmhs (vakh `hpåtufj 2.4) `jotëe tjmhs hs paçhs ma rapjscçàj mj turdjhfceaothmjr. @je raiarëo`ch î `jfj`hçàj ae iuo`cjoheaotj a î ehoutaoçàj, quacrh jdsarvhr js raspa`tcvjs `hpåtufjs masta ehouhf ma costruçñas. J ejtjr tae ma asthr phrhmj a masfcghmj phrh qua sakhe aiatuhmjs trhdhfbjs ma ehoutaoçàj, ma fcepazh a ma raphrjs. J ejtjr tae ma asthr asth r dfjquahmj `jotrh rafcgheaotj. Murhota j iuo`cjoheaotj mj ejtjr sð pjmae sar aiatuhmjs js trhdhfbjs ma ehoutaoçàj a ma fcepazh mas`rctjs oj `hpåtufj 7.=.8 a oj `hpåtufj >. Xuacrh jdsarvhr hs ojrehs ma pravaoçàj ma h`cmaotas raiarcmhs h sagucr; guco`bjs, gucomhstas a aqucpheaotjs ma trhçàj (DGY M 2) eacjs ma afavhçàj ma `hrgh oh jparhçàj ma hphrafbj ma afavhçàj ((DGT 1>> @hp. 4.2) Ae `hsj ma cojdsarväo`ch bè rcs`js phrh h vcmh a h cotagrcmhma iåsc`h!    

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Js cotarvhfjs axhtjs ma ehoutaoçàj `josthe mj pfhoj ma ehoutaoçàj ae saphrhmj (vakh `hpåtufj 9.=).

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh 80 ma 18

 

  @hpåtufj =

= =.8

=.4

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

EJMAFJ Mas`rcçàj su`coth ]urdjhfceaothmjr (]GA);

]cpj P]=

Oûearj ma aspa`cic`hçàj

7=>xxxx

^asj;

430 lg

@jostruçàj Ae saus prco`cphcs grupjs `jostrutcvjs `jostrutc vjs j turdjhfceaothmjr (]GA) P]= `joscsta ma ueh turdcoh rhmchf ma ihsa ûoc`h a ue `jeprassjr `aotråiugj ma ihsa ûoc`h. J mcs`j ma turdcoh a j acxj, `joscstae ma ue paçh, j rjtjr mj `jeprassjr ã ejothmj oj acxj. J rjtjr ã hpjchmj `je mjcs eho`hcs ma masfczheaotj oh `hr`hçh mjs eho`hcs (ju `aotrhf). H `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr a h `hr`hçh mh turdcoh sàj icxhmhs `je ifhogas oh `hr`hçh mjs eho`hcs. Hftarohtcvheaota pjma sar costhfhmj ue scfao`cjsj ju ueh `hr`hçh ma hspcrhçàj (`jfatjr ma hspcrhçàj) oj fhmj ma aotrhmh mh `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr.  H hfceaothçàj ma ðfaj fudrcic`hota mjs eho`hcs ma masfczheaotj ã iacth htrhvãs mj scstaeh ma ðfaj fudrcic`hota mj ejtjr. J mãdctj ma ðfaj fudrcic`hota mapaoma mh taeparhturh mj ðfaj, mh prassàj mj ðfaj a mh vafj`cmhma ma rjthçàj mj ]GA.

=.0

^rco`åpcj ma iuo`cjoheaotj J rjtjr ã h`cjohmj htrhvãs mh aoargch ma gès ma as`hpa mj ejtjr mcasaf. Hpðs phsshrae pafh `hr`hçh mh turdcoh a pafj Hoaf mcstrcducmjr ma ghsas, js ghsas ma as`hpa `baghe î rjmh mh turdcoh, ihzaomj gcrhr j rjtjr. J rjtjr mj `jeprassjr, qua sa ao`jotrh oj easej acxj, hspcrh j hr axtaroj oa`assèrcj phrh h `jedustàj htrhvãs ma ue scfao`cjsj, `jeprcea asta hr h ue oåvaf ma prassàj ehcs hftj a, htrhvãs ma ue cotar`jjfar, `jomuz j hr `jeprcecmj phrh j ejtjr. J ]GA oàj pjssuc ue mcspjsctcvj aspa`chf ma hkusta mhs `jomcçñas ma jparhçàj. H vafj`cmhma ma rjthçàj mj ]GA hkusth-sa ae mapaomëo`ch mj raomceaotj mj ejtjr.

=.=

Qtcfczh`àj pravcsth J turdjhfceaothmjr ihz î sjdrahfceaothçàj ma ejtjras ma `jedustàj. Xuhfquar jutrj tcpj ma utcfczhçàj oàj ã parectcmj a mapaoma ma `josaotceaotj mh Ljeprassjraodhu Dhooawctz GedB (LDD).  H aspa`cic`hçàj mj ]GA afhdjrhmh afhdjrhmh phrh j ejtjr ã hmaquhmh ae tarejs tarejmcoäec`js a jdrcghtðrch phrh asth vhrchota ma ejtjr, ju sakh, ae `hsj ma sudstctucçàj mj ]GA ã oa`assèrcj utcfczhr ojvheaota ueh aspa`cic`hçàj ]GA cguhf.  Hftarhçñas a hmcçñas oj ]GA oa`asscthe ma ueh hutjrczhçàj pjr as`rctj mh Ljeprassjraodhu Dhooawctz GedB, `hsj `jotrèrcj sàj houfhmhs tjmhs hs ghrhotchs.  H utcfczhçàj pravcsth co`fuc thedãe j `ueprceaotj `ueprceaotj a h axa`uçàj ragufhr mjs trhdhfbjs ma ehoutaoçàj ehoutaoçà j a ma `jotrjfj raspa`tcvheaota pravcstjs (vakh `hpåtufj 9.=).

^ègcoh 8= ma 18

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

 

@hpåtufj 1

 

1 1.8

J^ATHÇÀJ ^rceacrh `jfj`hçàj ae iuo`cjoheaotj  Hotas mh `jfj`hçàj ae iuo`cjoheaotj, iuo`cjoheaotj, ã cepras`comåvaf cepras`comåvaf hssagurhr hssagurhr qua j ]GA sakh hdhsta`cmj `je ðfaj. H hfceaothçàj ma ðfaj fudrcic`hota mjs eho`hcs ma masfczheaotj ã iacth htrhvãs mj scstaeh ma ðfaj fudrcic`hota mj ejtjr. J mãdctj ma ðfaj fudrcic`hota mapaoma mh taeparhturh mj ðfaj, mh prassàj mj ðfaj a mh vafj`cmhma ma rjthçàj mj ]GA.  Hs prassñas hmecssåvacs mj ðfaj fudrcic`hota ae `hsj ma asthmjs jparh`cjohcs jparh`cjohcs aspa`chcs `josthe mj `hpåtufj 8.8. J ratjroj fcvra a mascepamcmj mj ðfaj fudrcic`hota mava sar hssagurhmj a `joicrehmj Mavae sar varcic`hmjs;    

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h prassàj ma aotrhmh mj ðfaj hotas mj turdjhfceaothmjr. turdjhfceaothm jr. h taeparhturh ma aotrhmh mj ðfaj fudrcic`hota. fudrcic`ho ta.

Mava sar hssagurhmh h hfceaothçàj ma ðfaj fudrcic`hota mjs eho`hcs ma masfczheaotj (vakh `hpåtufj 8.8). Oj `hsj ma prj`assjs ma masghsta mava saepra sar fudrcic`hmj hotarcjreaota. Mava sar mhmh aspa`chf htaoçàj î asthoqucmhma mhs tudhgaos ma hdhsta`ceaotj a ma ratjroj ma ðfaj, phrh qua oàj `hch ðfaj sjdra hs `hr`hçhs quaotas, qua `jomuzae gès, a phrh ax`fucr h prjmuçàj ma vhpjras ma ðfaj oj`cvjs phrh h shûma (avaotuhfeaota rcs`j ma co`ëomcj).

1.4

@jfj`hçàj ae iuo`cjoheaotj J turdjhfceaothmjr ã h`cjohmj pjr ghsas ma as`hpa mj ejtjr a aotrh ae iuo`cjoheaotj  kuotj j ejtjr. ejtjr.  H vafj`cmhma ma rjthçàj mj ]GA hkusth-sa ae mapaomëo`ch mapaomëo`ch mj asthmj jparh`cjohf jparh`cjohf mj ejtjr. H prassàj mj hr ma hfceaothçàj, oa`assèrcj phrh j ejtjr, ã asthdafa`cmh htrhvãs mj hkusta ma hrah mj Hoaf mcstrcducmjr ma ghsas a mj mciusjr ma hr oj prjkatj mj ]GA. @hsj axcsthe js raspa`tcvjs hphrafbjs ma eamcçàj, mavae sar ragcsthmjs (pafj eaojs h `hmh 4= bjrhs ma iuo`cjoheaotj) js sagucotas vhfjras ma eamcçàj oj fcvrj ma ragcstj mj ejtjr, murhota j iuo`cjoheaotj mj ejtjr;    

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vafj`cmhma ma rjthçàj mj turdjhfceaothmjr. turdjhfceaothmj r. taeparhturh mjs ghsas ma as`hpa hotas mh turdcoh, ju hcomh, hpðs j `cfcomrj

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  taeparhturh mj hr ma hfceaothçàj hpðs j `jeprassjr, ju hcomh, hpðs mj cotar`jjfar   prassàj mj hr ma hfceaothçàj hpðs j `jeprassjr   taeparhturh mj ðfaj fudrcic`hota fudrcic`hot a hotas mj turdjhfceaothmjr, turdjhfceaothmj r,   prassàj mj ðfaj fudrcic`hota fudrcic` hota î iraota mj turdjhfceaothmjr. turdjhfceaot hmjr. Ae `hsj ma oàj sakh htcogcmj j oåvaf eåocej ma prassàj ma ðfaj, j ejtjr mava sar phrhmj ma ceamchtj. Oj `hsj ma prj`assjs ma masghsta mava saepra sar fudrcic`hmj hotarcjreaota. Mava sar mhmh aspa`chf htaoçàj î asthoqucmhma mhs tudufhçñas ma hdhsta`ceaotj a ma ratjroj ma ðfaj, phrh qua oàj `hch ðfaj sjdra hs `hr`hçhs quaotas, qua `jomuzae gès, a phrh ax`fucr h prjmuçàj ma vhpjras ma ðfaj oj`cvjs phrh h shûma (avaotuhfeaota rcs`j ma co`ëomcj). 

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 Hfãe mcssj, js `jotrjfas `jotrjfas raiarcmjs raiarcmjs h sagucr sagucr mavae sar sar aiatuhmjs parcjmc`he parcjmc`heaota; aota;    

 

asthoqucmhma mhs tudufhçñas ma gès ma as`hpa, hr ma hfceaothçàj hfceaothçà j a ðfaj ejvceaotj scfao`cjsj mj turdjhfceaothmjr. turdjhfceaothmjr .

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh 81 ma 18

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

  @hpåtufj =

 H prassàj mj hr ma hfceaothçàj pjma sarvcr ma eamcmh phrh h vafj`cmhma ma rjthçàj mj turdjhfceaothmjr. Ejvceaotj crragufhr (vcdrhçàj mj ]GA) comc`h ue oåvaf ehcs hftj ma masaqucfådrcj mhs phrtas rjthtcvhs, j qua pjma `hushr hvhrchs oj rjtjr a ojs eho`hcs. (vakh `hpåtufj 9.1)

1.0

]aepj ma ^hrhmh mj rjtjr  Hpðs phrhmh phrhmh mj ejtjr Mcasaf j turdjhfceaothmj turdjhfceaothmjrr hcomh sagua sagua gcrhomj gcrhomj pjr coãr`ch. coãr`ch. J taepj ma rjthçàj pjr coãr`ch mapaoma ma `hmh `hsj. ^hrhmh ceamchth, ju hcomh, taepj ma phrhmh mj rjtjr euctj ramuzcmj, pjmae tar js sagucotas ejtcvjs;    

eho`hcs mhocic`hmjs. Tjçheaotj mj rjtjr mj `jeprassjr, ju hcomh, mhs mhs phfbaths mh turdcoh mavcmj î ihfth ma ijfgh aotra hs `hr`hçhs, prjvj`hmh pjr taosñas, tjrçñas ju pjr `hfjr   `jrpjs astrhobjs ao`rhvhmjs aotra hs paçhs. ]urdjhfceaothmjr sae raircgarhçàj pjr hguh mh `hr`hçh mjs eho`hcs; Hpðs phrhmh mj ejtjr, j turdjhfceaothmjr mava sar fudrcic`hmj pjr pafj eaojs 81 eco. Oj `hsj ma ejtjras `je ueh taeparhturh ma aotrhmh oh turdcoh ?12>¾@ (`je `hrgh tjthf) ju taeparhturh ma aotrhmh ma ðfaj ?2>¾@, afavhr j taepj ma fudrcic`hçàj. Jdsarvhr j ehouhf ma costruçñas mj ihdrc`hota mj ejtjr. 

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]urdjhfceaothmjr `je `hr`hçh mjs eho`hcs raircgarhmh pjr hguh; Oàj bè oa`asscmhma ma ra-fudrcic`hçàj!

1.=

Ihfbhs ma iuo`cjoheaotj Ihfbhs ma iuo`cjoheaotj sa hprasaothe htrhvãs ma vhfjras ma eamcçàj hojrehcs (taeparhturh ma ghsas ma as`hpa, prassàj ma sjdrahfceaothçàj, vafj`cmhma ma rjthçàj), hftjs ruåmjs ma iuo`cjoheaotj ju iughs. Oj `hsj ma crragufhrcmhmas mj ]GA h `hrgh mj ejtjr mava sar ramuzcmh, ju hcomh, j ejtjr mava sar masfcghmj. ]aomj ae `joscmarhçàj qua paquaohs ihfbhs pjmae cepfc`hr ae grhomas mhojs, ã oa`assèrcj matarecohr j ejtcvj mh ihfbh a afcecoè-fh ma ceamchtj.(vakh `hpåtufj 9.1)

1.1

Parvcçj ma aeargëo`ch mj turdjhfceaothmjr @hsj j turdjhfceaothmjr taobh ma sar dfjquahmj mavcmj h ue mhoj, a `hsj j ejtjr mava `jotcouhr trhdhfbhomj oj ejmj ma aeargëo`ch, js trhdhfbjs mavae sar rahfczhmjs `joijrea mas`rctj oj `hpåtufj 7.=.=. @hsj j turdjhfceaothmjr dfjquhmj, j raomceaotj mj ejtjr mava sar fcecthmj ma thf ejmj qua hs taeparhturhs ma ghsas ma as`hpa hmecssåvacs oj `cfcomrj oàj sakhe uftrhphsshmhs. Oasta `jotaxtj jdsarvhr thedãe j ehouhf ma costruçñas mj ihdrc`hota mj ejtjr.

^ègcoh 89 ma 18

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

@hpåtufj 1

 

1.9

Eamcmhs ae `hsj ma phrhmh prjfjoghmh @hsj j turdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa parehoaçh phrhmj pjr ue paråjmj suparcjr h 84 easas, a `hsj afa taobh jparhmj oj ejtjr hotas mh phrhmh, j turdjhfceaothmjr tae ma sar masejothmj mj ejtjr. Qeh jic`coh hutjrczhmh mava aiatuhr ueh cospaçàj `joijrea j mcspjstj oj pfhoj ma ehoutaoçàj mj `hpåtufj 9.=. J turdjhfceaothmjr mava sar masejothmj pjr `jepfatj. ]jmjs hs phrtas mavae sar fcephs a favaeaota jfahmhs. Ae sagucmh j turdjhfceaothmjr pjma sar ojvheaota ejothmj. Pupariå`cas trhdhfbhmhs a ifhogas mavae sar ravastcmjs ma ejmj uocijrea `je ue prjmutj hotc`jrrjsàj. ]jmhs hs hdarturhs mavae sar ia`bhmhs. Hmc`cjohfeaota pjma sar `jfj`hmj ue massa`hota bcgrjs`ðpc`j ohs èrahs cotarohs mh `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr a mh aotrhmh mh turdcoh. J turdjhfceaothmjr a hs paçhs ma rapjscçàj `josarvhmjs mavae sar hrehzaohmjs h sa`j (oj eèx. 9>% ma buecmhma htejsiãrc`h) a prjtagcmjs ma buecmhma, ghsas a vhpjras hgrasscvjs. Xuhomj phrhmj j turdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa mava sar prjtagcmj `jotrh vcdrhçñas parehoaotas, qua pjmae mhocic`hr js eho`hcs. J asthmj mhs phrtas `josarvhmhs a mj turdjhfceaothmjr mava sar `jotrjfhmj h `hmh 84 easas.  Hotas mh rahtcvhçàj rahtcvhçàj mava sar sar raejvcmh h `josarvhçàj `josarvhçàj mj turdjhfceaothm turdjhfceaothmjr. jr.

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh 87 ma 18

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

  @hpåtufj 9

9 9.8

EHOQ]AOÇÀJ Garhf Js trhdhfbjs oa`assèrcjs ma ehoutaoçàj a ma ejoctjrhçàj ijrhe rasuecmjs oj pfhoj ma ehoutaoçàj ehoutaoçà j mj `hpåtufj 9.=. ]rhdhfbjs ma ehoutaoçàj `jrratheaota axa`uthmjs parectae ra`joba`ar ihfbhs hssce qua afhs j`jrrhe. Afhs jiara`ae comc`hçñas quhotj h ravcsñas a quhotj h trhdhfbjs, qua mavae sar pfhoahmjs murhota paråjmjs ma phrhmh oj pjrtj ju oj asthfacrj, ju murhota cotarrupçñas ma jparhçàj.  Hs comc`hçñas comc`hçñas raiaraotas raiaraotas h bjrhs ma iuo`cjoheaotj iuo`cjoheaotj mj pfhoj ma ehoutaoçàj ehoutaoçàj sàj vhfjras taðrc`js, qua pjmae sar ramuzcmjs ae mapaomëo`ch mhs `jomcçñas ma iuo`cjoheaotj axcstaotas, hssce `jej, phrh icos ma hmhpthçàj hjs cotarvhfjs ma ehoutaoçàj mj ejtjr. Ã cepjrthota qua easej hs paquaohs a supjstheaota coscgocic`hotas ihfbhs sakhe afcecohmhs ma ceamchtj a qua saus ejtcvjs sakhe matarecohmhs a afcecohmjs, phrh avcthr mhojs ehcjras oj ejtjr ju oj turdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa. @hsj j ejtjr oàj mcspjobh ma scstaeh hutjeètc`j ma ejoctjrczhçàj `je `jfath ma mhmjs, ã oa`assèrcj aiatuhr aotrhmhs oj fcvrj ma ragcstj mj ejtjr, pafj eaojs h `hmh 4= bjrhs ma iuo`cjoheaotj. Hssce ã pjssåvaf ra`joba`ar mcvargëo`chs h taepj.

9.4

]rhdhfbjs ma ehoutaoçàj ^hrh ehotar j turdjhfceaothmjr oue asthmj sagurj ma iuo`cjoheaotj, ã oa`assèrcj, `joijrea mas`rctj oj `hpåtufj 9.=, ejoctjrhr a `jotrjfhr mciaraotas grupjs `jostrutcvjs a phrtas comcvcmuhcs. J `hpåtufj 7.= `jotãe costruçñas mathfbhmhs sjdra j ma`ursj mjs trhdhfbjs ma masejothgae a ejothgae, qua pjmae sar aiatuhmjs pafj passjhf ma djrmj. Ych ma ragrh hs cospa`çñas sð pjmae sar iacths pjr jic`cohs hutjrczhmhs pafh LDD. Xuacrh jdsarvhr hs ojrehs ma pravaoçàj ma h`cmaotas raiarcmhs h sagucr;   guco`bjs, gucomhstas a aqucpheaotjs ma trhçàj (DGY M 2)   eacjs ma afavhçàj ma `hrgh oh jparhçàj ma hphrafbj ma afavhçàj (DGT 1>> 



@hp. 4.2)  4.2) 



Oj `hsj ma ueh ravcsàj dèsc`h ju ma raphrjs, raiaraotas h phrtas assao`chcs mj turdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa, ra`jeaomh-sa mj`ueaothr j asthmj masths. masths .

^ègcoh 82 ma 18

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

 

@hpåtufj 9

 

9.0

Fcepazh Fcepazh mj scfao`cjs j

 



vakh `hpåtufj 7.=.0

Fcepazh mj `jeprassjr

Fcepazh murhota j iuo`cjoheaotj;   vakh `hpåtufj 7.=.8 Fcepazh ea`äoc`h; 

 



 



J scfao`cjsj a h `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr (vakh `hpåtufj 7.=.7 a 7.=.2) mavae sar ratcrhmjs (j rjtjr mj `jeprassjr parehoa`a oj acxj). Js mapðsctjs mavae sar ratcrhmjs `je mcasaf ju jutrj prjmutj ma fcepazh fåqucmj a hmecssåvaf.

Jdsarvhr hs ojrehs ma pravaoçàj ma h`cmaotas! h `cmaotas! Murhota h fcepazh oàj mava aotrhr fåqucmj ma fcepazh oh tudhgae ma hr ma hfceaothçàj, ju oh phrta cotaroh mj ]GA. J rjtjr mj `jeprassjr oàj mava sar fcepj `je ` je fåqucmjs `jrrjscvjs.

Fcepazh mh turdcoh

 H fcepazh mj hoaf mcstrcducmjr ma ghsas mava sar iacth `ucmhmjsheaota phrh oàj hftarhr hs eamcmhs a paricf mhs phffaths.  Hs supariå`cas oàj pjmae sar rugjshs. Hs phfbaths oàj pjmae asthr aepaohmhs. aepaohmhs. Hs sagucotas utcfczhçñas sàj hmecssåvacs; Fcepazh murhota j iuo`cjoheaotj;  



vakh `hpåtufj > (oa`assèrcj sjeaota ae `hsj ma jparhçàj `je ðfaj `jeduståvaf) `jeduståv af)

Fcepazh ea`äoc`h;  

J scfao`cjsj a h `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr (vakh `hpåtufj 7.=.7 a 7.=.2) mavae sar ratcrhmjs. J `jokuotj prco`cphf mava sar ratcrhmj mh `hr`hçh mh turdcoh (vakh `hpåtufj 7.=.3). H rjmh mh turdcoh, j hoaf mcstrcducmjr ma ghsas a h `hr`hçh mh turdcoh mavae sar fcephs ma ejmj ea`äoc`j.

     

Fhvhr `je ecsturh ma hguh hf`hfcoh a sa`hr ae sagucmh Fcephr `je mcasaf (ae `hsj ma pju`h `hrdjoczhçàj) Ae `hsj ma ijrta `hrdjoczhçàj hs phrtas mavae sar sudearshs ae mcasaf ju ecsturh ma hguh hf`hfcoh a ae sagucmh fcephs `je ueh as`jvh ma hçj.



  

Ae oaobueh bcpðtasa fcephr `je ijrçh phrh sjfthr h `hrdjoczhçàj, pjr axaepfj, `je ehrtafj a thfbhmacrh à prjcdcmh fcepazh pjr khtj ma hrach! h rach! J khtj ma hrach h rach pjma cepfc`hr ae rasufthmjs arrhmjs oh cospaçàj ma fåqucmj paoatrhota.

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh 83 ma 18

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

  @hpåtufj 9

9.=

^fhoj ma ehoutaoçàj

9.=.8

]rhdhfbjs ma ehoutaoçàj ae `hsj ma jparhçàj `je mcasaf (EMJ)



Hs comc`hçñas raiaraotas h bjrhs ma iuo`cjoheaotj sàj vhfjras taðrc`js, qua pjmae sar ramuzcmjs phrh icos ma hmhpthçàj hjs cotarvhfjs ma ehoutaoçàj mj ejtjr. Cospaçñas (C h CCC) sð pjmae sar iacths pjr jic`cohs hutjrczhmhs! ^js. @hpåtufj

8. 4.

7.=.8

0.

7.=.0

]rhdhfbj ma ehoutaoçàj

@jotrjfa quhotj h ruåmjs hojrehcs Fhvhgae mj `jeprassjr murhota j iuo`cjoheaotj, h`cjoheaotj mh uocmhma ma fhvhgae mj `jeprassjr Pudstctucr Pudstctuc r h ehfbh icftrhota icftrhot a mj scfao`cjsj scfao`cjs j

^açhs ma rapjscçàj oa`assèrc hs

Cotarvhfj ma ehoutaoçàj   ehoutaoçàj Bjrhs ma iuo`cjoheaotj 4= 4= - =2

(3>84)

hprjx. 1>> ju hcomh, quhomj oa`assèrcj

=.

@jotrjfj mjs phrhiusjs ma icxhçàj ojs pãs, rahparthr tjmjs js phrhiusjs ma `hr`hçh a hs `joaxñas mhs tudufhçñas

1.

Cospaçàj C   Masejothgae   Fcepazh   @jotrjfa mj rjtjr a mj eho`hf   @jotrjfa mh `hr`hçh   Ejothgae

(338>) (3348) (3308)

Cospaçàj CC

(338>)

eèx. 41.>>>

(3348) (3308) (338>) (3348) (3308)

eèx. 1>.>>>

 

8x hpðs `jfj`hçàj ae iuo`cjoheaotj, ae sagucmh, h `hmh 8>>> eèx. 84.1>>







9.



  Pudstctucçàj @jej cospaçàj mjsC eho`hcs Cospaçàj CCC   @jej cospaçàj CC   Pudstctucçàj Pudstctuc çàj mj rjtjr 

7.

 

(3>84) Ehfbh icftrhota icftrhot a (3348) Afaeaotjs ma icxhçàj



(338>) Yamhçñas a supfaeaotjs (3308) Afaeaotjs ma icxhçàj

Eho`hf a rjtjr sàj pjstjs î mcspjscçàj pafhs jic`cohs a sð pjmae sar sudstctuåmjs pafhs jic`cohs.

^ègcoh 4> ma 18

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

@hpåtufj 9

 

9.=.4



]rhdhfbjs ma ehoutaoçàj ae `hsj ma jparhçàj `je ðfaj `jeduståvaf (BIJ) Hs comc`hçñas raiaraotas h bjrhs ma iuo`cjoheaotj sàj vhfjras taðrc`js, qua pjmae sar ramuzcmjs phrh icos ma hmhpthçàj hjs h js cotarvhfjs ma ehoutaoçàj mj ejtjr. J cotarvhfjr mh "Cospaçàj >" mapaoma mh quhfcmhma mj `jeduståvaf.

Cospaçñas (C h CCC) sð pjmae sar iacths pjr jic`cohs hutjrczhmhs!

^js.

@hpåtufj

8. 4.

7.=.8

0.

>

=.

7.=.0

1.

9.

7.=.3

]rhdhfbj ma ehoutaoçàj

@jotrjfa quhotj h ruåmjs hojrehcs Fhvhgae mj `jeprassjr murhota j iuo`cjoheaotj, h`cjoheaotj mh uocmhma ma fhvhgae mj `jeprassjr Fhvhgae mh turdcoh murhota j iuo`cjoheaotj, h`cjoheaotj mh uocmhma ma fhvhgae mh turdcoh fcepazh `je èguh

Pudstctucr h ehfbh icftrhota mj scfao`cjsj @jotrjfj mjs phrhiusjs ma icxhçàj ojs pãs, rahparthr tjmjs js phrhiusjs ma `hr`hçh a hs `joaxñas ma tudufhçñas Cospaçàj >   Tatcrhmh mj `jokuotj `aotrhf  

mh turdcoh    Fcepazh Ejothgae Cospaçàj C   Masejothgae   Fcepazh   @jotrjfa mj rjtjr a mj eho`hf   @jotrjfa mh `hr`hçh   Ejothgae Cospaçàj CC   @jej cospaçàj C   Pudstctucçàj mjs eho`hcs Cospaçàj CCC   @jej cospaçàj CC   Pudstctucçàj Pudstctuc çàj mj rjtjr



7.

^açhs ma rapjscçàj   rapjscçàj oa`assèrchs

 

(3>84)

(338>) (3348)

Cotarvhfj ma ehoutaoçàj   ehoutaoçàj Bjrhs ma iuo`cjoheaotj 4= 4= - =2 hprjxcehmheaota 0>>, ju hcomh, `joijrea oa`assèrcj, ae mapaomëo`ch mh quhfcmhma mj ðfaj `jeduståvaf hprjx. 1>> ju hcomh, quhomj oa`assèrcj 8x hpðs `jfj`hçàj ae iuo`cjoheaotj, ae sagucmh, h `hmh 8>>> eèx. 9>>>

(3308) (338>) (3348) (3308)

eèx. 84.1>>

(338>) (3348) (3308) (338>) (3348) (3308)

eèx. 41.>>>

  

2.

 

3.

 

(3>84) icftrhota icftrhot (3348) Ehfbh Afaeaotjs maa icxhçàj

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

eèx. 1>.>>>

(338>) Afaeaotjs Yamhçñas amasupfaeaotjs (3308) icxhçàj

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh 48 ma 18

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

  @hpåtufj 9



Eho`hf a rjtjr sàj pjstjs î mcspjscçàj pafhs jic`cohs a sð pjmae sar sudstctuåmjs pafhs jic`cohs! Ae `hsj ma jparhçàj `je ðfaj `jeduståvaf (BIJ) j hoaf mcstrcducmjr ma ghsas sjira ue masghsta ehcjr ohs phfbaths a pjr `josagucota phssh h sar ueh paçh ma masghsta. H vcmh ûtcf mj hoaf mcstrcducmjr ma ghsas `jrraspjoma h 841>>> bjrhs a mapaoma mh quhfcmhma mj ðfaj `jeduståvaf (BIJ) a mhs `jomcçñas ma iuo`cjoheaotj. Ae `hsj ma masghsta a mcvargëo`ch `joscmarèvacs ae rafhçàj hjs phräeatrjs (prassàj mj hr, taeparhturhs ma ghsas ma as`hpa), j hoaf mcstrcducmjr ma ghsas mava sar sudstctuåmh.

 



Bè jutrjs ih`tjras qua thedãe pjmae `hushr hftarhçàj mhs taeparhturhs ma ghsas ma as`hpa ju mh prassàj mj hr ma hfceaothçàj!

Comapaomaota masta ih`tj, ã cepras`comåvaf qua js vhfjras fcecta mhs taeparhturhs ma ghsas ma as`hpa (hpðs j `cfcomrj), comc`hmjs pafj ihdrc`hota mj ejtjr, oàj sakhe ax`amcmjs. Oh ehcjrch mhs vazas j masghsta j`jrra ohs phfbaths mcra`cjohmjrhs a pjma hprasaothr j sagucota prj`assj ma masghsta. Tautcfczèvaf Cehgae ma masghsta 8

Pudstctucr

Cehgae ma masghsta 4 

Cehgae ma masghsta 0

Asthmj jrcgcohf Cehgae ma masghsta 8 Hs phfbaths mcra`cjohmjrhs astàj trco`hmhs hj fhmj ma ue ue mjs  mjs mcs`js. J hoaf mcstrcducmjr ma ghsas hcomh pjma sar utcfczhmj, quhomj j `jeprceaotj mh trco`h ã 6 81 ee a h fhrgurh mh trco`h ã 6 = ee. Pjd asths `jomcçñas j Hoaf mcstrcducmjr ma ghsas ã `joscmarhmj oàj masghsthmj, ju sakh, oàj ã oa`assèrcj sudstctuå-fj a afh pjma `jotcouhr saomj utcfczhmj. Cehgae ma masghsta 4    





Hs phfbaths mcra`cjohmjrhs astàj trco`hmhs hj fhmj mjs mjcs mjcs mcs`js.  mcs`js. J hoaf mcstrcducmjr ma ghsas hcomh pjma sar utcfczhmj, quhomj j `jeprceaotj mh trco`h ã 6 81 ee a h fhrgurh mh trco`h ã 6 0 ee. Pjd asths `jomcçñas j hoaf mcstrcducmjr ma ghsas ã `joscmarhmj oàj masghsthmj, ju sakh, oàj ã oa`assèrcj sudstctuå-fj a afh pjma `jotcouhr saomj utcfczhmj. Cehgae ma masghsta 0    





Hs phfbaths mcra`cjohmjrhs astàj ijrtaeaota ijrtaeaota trco`hmhs  trco`hmhs a `je parmh ma ehtarchf fhmj mjs mjcs mcs`js a ehcs ma 4 mhs phfbaths mcra`cjohmjrhhs tae j paricf ma shåmh tjthfeaota masghsthmh. J hoaf mcstrcducmjr ma ghsas tae tae ma  ma sar sudstctuåmj.  



^ègcoh 44 ma 18

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

@hpåtufj 9

 

9.1

]hdafh ma cmaotcic`hçàj ma ihfbhs

  h    t    f   h   j    m

@hpåtufj 7.=.0

Pcfao`cjsj Pcfao`cjs j ju icftrj ma hr sukj @jeprassjr sukj

7.=.2

Cotar`jjfar sukj ]udufhçàj ma as`hpa `je vhzheaotj @jotrhprassàj mjs ghsas ma as`hpa hpðs turdcoh maehschmj hfth Tjmh mh turdcoh ju rjtjr mj `jeprassjr mhocic`hmj (masaqucfådrcj) Eho`hf maiactujsj

Ejtjr Ejtjr

Tjtjr `je rjçheaotj @jrpj astrhobj oh turdcoh ju oj `jeprassjr (masaqucfådrcj) ]urdcoh sukh  Hoaf mcstrcducmjr mcstrcducmjr ma ghsas ghsas sukj

Ejtjr Jic`coh Jic`coh Jic`coh Jic`coh > >

Cokaçàj ma `jeduståvaf maiactujsh

Ejtjr

]udufhçàj ma hr ma hfceaothçàj `je iugh  Hfth taeparhturh taeparhturh mj hr ma hspcrhçàj hspcrhçàj Yèfvufh ma hmecssàj, ju hcomh, ma as`hpa mj ejtjr sukh Dhcxh taeparhturh mj hr ma hspcrhçàj Icftrj ma ðfaj fudrcic`hota fudrcic`hot a sukj Ehoðeatrj ma ðfaj fudrcic`hota fudrcic`hot a maiactujsj ]aeparhturh ma aotrhmh mj ðfaj fudrcic`hota maehschmj hfth Pjdraprassàj ifuxj ma ratjroj mj ðfaj

Ejtjr Ejtjr

 Hr ma safhgae safhgae coaic`caota Yamhçñas mhocic`hmhs, `joaxñas `je iugh  Hoaf ma vamhçàj vamhçàj mhocic`hmj mhocic`hmj

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 ,   h    m   h    t   o   f    c   h   h   u   j

  h   h   j  ,    m  ,    m    c   s   h   j    c    c   h   j   s   j   s   h    à   e    à   ç   h   a   ç   e   h   e   h    m    t   a    t   a   o   m   o   m   h   a   a   o   j   e  j    c   e    à    f    c    à    c    d   r    f   h   ç   h   ç   u   h   h    t   a   t   a   t   j   h    m   j    m   r   r    m   r   a   r   a   h   h   h   r   j   m   j   m   u    m   a    m   a    t    m    m   h   r   j   h   j   h    à   m   a    à   m   s   c   p   s   c   `   s   `   j   j   s   e   a   f    f   a   a   r   a   r   a    ]    ^  v    ^  v

  s   h    b    f   h    I

Ejtcvjs

 ,   h   h   x    m   c   o   h    c   h   d   u   j

  h   x    c   h    d   j    m   h    c   s   h

  h    t   r   u   `   j    à   ç   h   r   a    f   a   `   h   s   a    m   j  ,    t    f   j   h    t   j   o   a    t    f    c   u   a   e   u   j   q   o    m   h    å   u   r   r    T    H

  a    t   o   h   `    c    i    c   r    d   u    f   j   a    f    ð   a    m   h   g   u    I

  e   a    m   a    t   o   h   `    c    i    c   r    d   u    f   j   a    f    ð   j    m   j    à   s   s   a   r   p

  h    c   a    d   e   j    d    A    G    ]

  h   r    d    c   v    A    G    ]

       

Ejtjr Ejtjr Ejtjr Ejtjr Ejtjr Ejtjr Jic`coh Ejtjr Jic`coh

 

 

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh 40 ma 18

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

  @hpåtufj 7

7 7.8

MAPEJO]HGAE A EJO]HGAE Cotrjmuçàj @je j raiarcmj oj `hpåtufj 7.= j jparhmjr ã `hphz ma aiatuhr pjr `joth prðprch trhdhfbjs scepfas ma ehoutaoçàj. ^hrta-sa mj prassupjstj ma qua j passjhf astè ihecfchrczhmj `je js trhdhfbjs a hs iarrheaoths oa`assèrchs î mcspjscçàj. Hfãe mcssj, j turdjhfceaothmjr as`hpa tae ma asthr daeastàj h`assåvaf a js raspa`tcvjs eacjs ma afavhçàj tae ma ma gès asthrmaî mcspjscçàj. Xuacrh jdsarvhr hs ojrehs ma pravaoçàj ma h`cmaotas raiarcmhs h sagucr;    

 

7.4

guco`bjs, gucomhstas a aqucpheaotjs ma trhçàj (DGY M 2) eacjs ma afavhçàj ma `hrgh oh jparhçàj ma hphrafbj ma afavhçàj (DGT 1>> @hp. 4.2)

@jotrjfa mhs phrtas comcvcmuhcs  Hs parguoths raiarcmhs h sagucr jiara`ae ue guch phrh varcic`hçàj mj asthmj mj turdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa a suhs phrtas ehcs cepjrthotas. Mhojs qua coifuao`che h rascstëo`ch, h axhtcmàj ma aqucfådrcj a j ejvceaotj scfao`cjsj mhs phrtas rjthtcvhs, mavae sar afcecohmjs pafj ihdrc`hota ju pjr ueh jic`coh hutjrczhmh. Hj raeatar paçhs mhocic`hmhs, ã cepras`comåvaf hssagurhr ueh hfth sagurhoçh ma trhospjrta. Mapjcs ma masejothr h `hr`hçh, hs paçhs fcephs mavae sar cospa`cjohmhs. Tjtjr `jepfatj  `jepfatj     

 

H `hr`hçh hprasaoth vastågcjs ma masghsta ju rjçheaotj: J rjtjr hprasaoth vastågcjs vastågc js ma masghsta ju rjçheaotj:

Oj `hsj ma prj`assheaotj pjstarcjr ju sudstctucçàj ma phrtas mj rjtjr, j rjtjr tae ma sar aqucfcdrhmj! Tjtjr mj `jeprassjr/Tjmh mh turdcoh  turdcoh   



J rjtjr mj `jeprassjr hprasaoth vastågcjs ma rjçheaotj ju icssurhs: icssurhs :

Yaotjcobh mj `jeprassjr/Yaotjcobh mh turdcoh   Hs phfbaths mh turdcoh astàj aepaohmhs ju masghsthmhs:   Bè `jrpjs astrhobjs ao`rhvhmjs aotra hs phfbaths:   Bè vastågcjs ma `jrpjs astrhobjs: 





@hr`hçh    





 



^ègcoh 4= ma 18

Hs `hr`hçhs astàj euctj sukhs `je ðfaj, pð ju `hrdjoczhçàj: `hrdjoczhçàj: Hs `hr`hçhs astàj asthoquas: (Hspa`tjs prco`cphcs; ifhogas ma kuoçàj mhs `joaxñas ma hr ma hfceaothçàj, ghsas ma as`hpa a ðfaj) ]jmjs js phrhiusjs a tjmhs hs pjr`hs astàj dae hparthmjs:

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

 

@hpåtufj 7

 

7.0

@jotrjfa ma ijfghs à cepjrthota jdsarvhr hs ijfghs h ice ma hssagurhr ue pariactj iuo`cjoheaotj mj turdjhfceaothmjr phrh htcogcr j grhu ma raomceaotj phrh j quhf ijc aspa`cic`hmj. J `jotrjfa a h `jrraçàj mhs ijfghs sàj cepjrthotas quhomj;  



       

 

 

mh sudstctucçàj sudstctu cçàj ma phrtas (`hr`hçh mh turdcoh ju uocmhma mh `hr`hçh mh turdcoh, `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr ju uocmhma mh `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr, `jokuotj prco`cphf) ma mcvargëo`chs mjs vhfjras ma iuo`cjoheaotj iuo`cjoheaot j mj ejtjr ju mj turdjhfceaothmjr ma vastågcjs vastågc js ma rjçheaotj ae phrtas mj rjtjr ju `hr`hçhs mh rahfczhçàj ma cospaçñas ma ijrtas sukcmhmas (hfth `hrdjoczhçàj)

Mavae sar `jotrjfhmhs hs sagucotas ijfghs.    

 

Ijfghs rhmchcs P8 (`jeprassjr) a P84 (turdcoh) Ijfgh hxchf mj eho`hf P81 Ijfgh P8 P84 P81

ojvj   ojvj >.1¸>.>1 >.9¸>.>1 >.48+>.8= 

Ijfgh fcecta  fcecta  >.2 >.3 -

P8 a P84;  H ijfgh P8 ã matarecohmh matarecohmh `je mjcs mjcs `hfcdrhmjras `hfcdrhmjras ma aspassurh aspassurh hj easej taepj taepj ojs pjotjs pjotjs jpjstjs @8 a @4 (bjrczjothf a vartc`hf) aotra rjtjr mj `jeprassjr a uocmhma mh `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr (ehrgae ma eamcçàj >,>1 h 8,>ee).  H ijfgh P84 ã matarecohmh matarecohmh `je mjcs `hfcdrhmjras `hfcdrhmjras ma aspassurh hj easej taepj ojs pjotjs jpjstjs ]8 a ]4 (bjrczjothf a vartc`hf) aotra rjmh mh turdcoh a uocmhma mh rjmh mh turdcoh (ehrgae ma eamcçàj >,>1 h 8,>ee).

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh 41 ma 18

 

  @hpåtufj 7

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

P81;  H ijfgh P81 ã matarecohmh matarecohmh oh axtraecmhma axtraecmhma mj acxj mj fhmj mj `jeprassjr. ^rasscjohr j rjtjr phrh j fhmj turdcoh a hkusthr j eamcmjr `je ejstrhmjr ae ">" (èrah ma eamcçàj > h 8ee, pra`csàj ¸>,>>8). Ae sagucmh, puxhr j rjtjr phrh j fhmj mj `jeprassjr a varcic`hr h ijfgh P81 oj eamcmjr `je ejstrhmjr.

^ègcoh 49 ma 18

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

 

@hpåtufj 7

 

7.=

Athphs ma trhdhfbj

7.=.8

Fhvhgae ma `jeprassjr (H `hmh 4= - 42 bjrhs ma iuo`cjoheaotj) Fagaomh;

8. 4. 0. =.

Yèfvufh asiarh Ta`cpcaota ma èguh ]udj ma èguh ]udj ma hr

Paquëo`ch ma trhdhfbj; Paquëo`ch ma trhdhfbj;

Jparhr j ejtjr h 1> h 21 % mj raomceaotj ojecohf. Hdrcr j ra`cpcaota ma èguh (4), ao`bar `je èguh fceph (hprjx. >,1 f), (oàj (oàj ushr èguh mj ehr a hmctcvjs/prjmutjs ma fcepazh), fcepazh ),  vjfth h ia`bhr j ra`cpcaota ma èguh. 0. Hdrcr h vèfvufh asiarh (8), hguhrmhr hprjx. 4> sag., ae sagucmh ia`bhr. Hr `jeprcecmj ifuc pafj tudj ma hr (=) htrhvãs mh vèfvufh asiarh (8) phrh j ra`cpcaota ma èguh. H èguh phssh pafj tudj ma èguh (0), ã prasscjohmh phrh j tudj cokatjr, pufvarczhmh pafj hr hspcrhmj a htcoga hs pès mj `jeprassjr `je hfth vafj`cmhma. Fcepazh sð `je j ejtjr quaota, h 1> h 21 % mj raomceaotj ojecohf. @hsj j `jeprassjr djedaca murhota ju hpðs h cokaçàj ma èguh, j raomceaotj mj ejtjr tae ma sar ramuzcmj. Hpðs h fcepazh j ejtjr mava parehoa`ar ae iuo`cjoheaotj murhota 8> h 81 ecouotjs. Oàj aiatuhr ueh fhvhgae hotas ma ue cotarvhfj ehcjr oj usj mj aqucpheaotj. ^arcgj ma `jrrjsàj!  `jrrjsàj!  Ae `hsj ma mapðsctj ma sukacrh aomura`cmh h fhvhgae oàj ihz aiactj, pjr asta ejtcvj h fhvhgae mava sar aiatuhmh ragufhreaota. Oàj utcfczhr hmctcvjs quåec`js! 8. 4.



Pa h maprassàj î iraota mj `jeprassjr ijr maehschmj grhoma, h èguh ã hspcrhmh kè murhota j ao`bceaotj mj ra`cpcaota ma èguh, cstj ramuz j aiactj ma fcfcepazh. epazh. Cstj pjma sar avcthmj;   mcspjomj j ra`cpcaota ma èguh ehcs hdhcxj (oj eåo. 8>>> ee hdhcxj mj `aotrj mj ]GA) ju   costhfhomj ueh saguomh vèfvufh ma cotarrupçàj oj tudj ma èguh, qua ã hdarth 



mapjcs qua j ra`cpcaota ma èguh ã ia`bhmj.

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh 47 ma 18

 

  @hpåtufj 7 7.=.4

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

Fhvhgae ma turdcoh bjrhs  ma (sjeaota ae `hsj ma jparhçàj `je ðfaj `jeduståvaf (BIJ); h `hmh 0>> bjrhs  iuo`cjoheaotj, mapaomaomj mh quhfcmhma mj ðfaj `jeduståvaf)



Oj `hsj ma jparhçàj `je ðfaj `jeduståvaf j`jrrae mapðsctjs oh vaotjcobh mh turdcoh a oh rjmh mh turdcoh, qua ramuzae j grhu ma aic`cëo`ch. Astas mapðsctjs prjvj`he h afavhçàj mh prassàj mj hr ma hfceaothçàj. Js cotarvhfjs ma fhvhgae mapaomae mh quhfcmhma mj `jeduståvaf a mhs `jomcçñas ma iuo`cjoheaotj a pjr asta ejtcvj mavae sar sa r hmaquhmjs pjstarcjreaota î jparhçàj mj ejtjr, `joijrea h axparcëo`ch mcrath. H afavhçàj mh prassàj mj hr ma hfceaothçàj ae p.ax. ehcs ma >,8 dhr (`je raomceaotj cguhf ma ejtjr) pjma sar utcfczhmh phrh matarecohr j cotarvhfj mhs fhvhgaos. J cotarvhfj mhs fhvhgaos pjma sar hmhpthmj oueh ehrgae ma 41 h 9>> bjrhs. ^hrh `jotrjfhr j aiactj mh fcepazh, h prassàj ma sjdrahfceaothçàj a hs taeparhturhs ma ghsas ma as`hpa mavae sar fcmhs a hojthmhs ae ue pjotj ma raiarëo`ch (`je 71% h 8>>% ma raomceaotj), hotas a hpðs h fhvhgae. ^jma shcr gès ma as`hpa a s`hpa quaota mh mraohgae ‐? parcgj ma quacehmurhs! Hpðs h cokaçàj ma èguh j ejtjr mava parehoa`ar ae iuo`cjoheaotj pjr pafj eaojs 9> ecoutjs, h fhvhgae oàj mava sar aiatuhmh hotas ma phrhr j ejtjr. ^arcgj ma `jrrjsàj! Ae `hsj ma mapðsctj ma sukacrh aomura`cmh h fhvhgae oàj ihz aiactj, pjr asta ejtcvj h fhvhgae mava sar aiatuhmh ragufhreaota masma j coå`cj. @hsj h fhvhgae oàj ihçh aiactj, h turdcoh mava sar fceph ma ejmj ea`äoc`j. ^hrh thotj, h `hr`hçh mh turdcoh mava sar masejothmh. Jdsarvhr hs comc`hçñas mj ihdrc`hota ih drc`hota mj ejtjr!

Fagaomh

8 Èguh iras`h 4 Yèfvufh 0 ]udj ma èguh iras`h = Ehoguacrh 1>8> @hr`hçh mh turdcoh

^ègcoh 42 ma 18

1 Yèfvufh ma 0 vchs 9 ]udj ma èguh phrh fhvhgae 7 ]udj ma cokaçàj 2 @joaxàj phrh mraohgae (jp`cjohf) 38>> @jfatjr ma as`hpa

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

3 Yèfvufh 8> Iuocf ma as`hpa ju khoafh ma cospaçàj 88 Ehoýeatrj 84 Hr ma purgh (hr ma hfceaothçàj / jp`cjohf)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

@hpåtufj 7

 

Bè 4 pjsscdcfcmhmas ma fhvhgae ma turdcoh;   Fhvhgae cotarectaota `je raomceaotj ramuzcmj mj ejtjr   8> ecoutjs ma fhvhgae `je ejtjr ae rhfaotc  rhfaotc 

 

7.=.4.8

Fhvhgae cotarectaota Paquëo`ch ma trhdhfbj; 8. 4. 0. =. 1. 9. 7. 2. 3.

Yarcic`hr h phsshgae mh tudufhçàj / vèfvufh ma cokaçàj (7)! @joa`thr h ehoguacrh (=) oj tudj ma èguh iras`h (0). Tamuzcr j raomceaotj mj ejtjr , htã qua h taeparhturh mh turdcoh taobh turdcoh taobh `håmj î taeparhturh comc`hmh (vakh thdafh). Hguhrmhr pjr `ar`h ma 8> ecoutjs! Hdrcr h vèfvufh (3) (`hsj axcstaota) phrh phrh mraohgae (2). Hdrcr h vèfvufh (4) a hkusthr h prassàj mh èguh (vakh thdafh). Hdrcr h vèfvufh ma cotarrupçàj (1) pjr hprjx. 0> saguomjs, avaotuhfeaota rahkusthr h prassàj mh èguh `je huxåfcj mh vèfvufh. Yjfthr h ia`bhr h vèfvufh ma cotarrupçàj (1). Hguhrmhr pjr hprjx. 0 eco., phrh qua h èguh cokathmh pjssh avhpjrhr.

8>. Tapatcr ehcs 4 - 0 vazas hs athphs ma trhdhfbj 7 a 3. 88. Ia`bhr vèfvufh (4) a vèfvufh (3) phrh mraohgae! 84. Jparhr j turdjhfceaothmjr h sa`j pjr hprjx. 8> eco., hj ihzë-fj afavhr faotheaota j raomceaotj mj ejtjr! 80. @hsj j`jrrhe vcdrhçñas, qua oàj sa hprasaothvhe hotas oj turdjhfceaothmjr turdjhfceaot hmjr ma h fhvhgae mava sar rapatcmh. 8=. Masejothr h ehoguacrh (=)!

 



J aiactj mh fcepazh pjma sar `jotrjfhmj htrhvãs mh hftarhçàj mh prassàj ma sjdrahfceaothçàj a mhs taeparhturhs ma ghsas ma as`hpa! @hsj oa`assèrcj, j aiactj mh fcepazh pjma sar hprcejrhmj afavhomj h prassàj mh èguh a h murhçàj mj prj`assj ma fhvhgae!

Yhfjras ma iuo`cjoheaotj phrh fhvhgae ma turdcohs ]aeparhturh ma gès ma as`hpa î iraota mh turdcoh

^rassàj mh èguh (sjdraprassàj)

]aepj ma fhvhgae

01> ‐ =0> ¾@

4,1 ‐ =,1 dhr

0-= x 0> sa`

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh 43 ma 18

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

  @hpåtufj 7 7.=.4.4

Fhvhgae `je ejtjr ae ehr`bh faoth ju sae `hrgh H fhvhgae `je ejtjr ae ehr`bh faoth sð ã hmecssåvaf hpðs mraohgae! Ã cepras`comåvaf hdrcr h mraohgae, `hsj `jotrèrcj bè rcs`j ma couomhçàj mh turdcoh!

Paquëo`ch ma trhdhfbj; 8. Yarcic`hr h phsshgae mh tudufhçàj / vèfvufh ma cokaçàj (7)! 4. @joa`thr h ehoguacrh (=) oj tudj ma èguh iras`h (0). 0. Tamuzcr  j raomceaotj mj ejtjr (vakh thdafh), ju jparhr j ejtjr ae ehr`bh faoth. faoth.

 



@hsj j ejtjr mavh sar fhvhmj hpðs h phrtcmh, ã cepras`comåvaf qua afa trhdhfba htã j hqua`ceaotj! =. 1. 9. 7. 2.

Hguhrmhr pjr `ar`h ma 8> eco.! Hdrcr h vèfvufh (3) phrh mraohgae (2). Hdcr h vèfvufh ma cotarrupçàj (1). Hdrcr h vèfvufh (4) a hkusthr h prassàj mh èguh (vakh thdafh). @jotrjfhr j as`jheaotj mh èguh oh mraohgae.

3. Hpðs 8> eco., ia`bhr h vèfvufh ma cotarrupçàj (1). 8>. Ia`bhr vèfvufh (4) a vèfvufh (3) phrh mraohgae! 88. Jparhr j turdjhfceaothmjr turdjhfceaothm jr h sa`j pjr hprjx. 8> eco., hj ihzë-fj afavhr faotheaota j raomceaotj mj ejtjr! 84. @hsj j`jrrhe vcdrhçñas, qua oàj sa hprasaothvhe hotas oj turdjhfceaothmjr turdjhfceaothmj r h fhvhgae mava sar rapatcmh. 80. Masejothr h ehoguacrh (=)! H taeparhturh ma gès ma as`hpa î iraota mh turdcoh pjma afavhr-sa murhota h fhvhgae, `jotumj, afh oàj pjma uftrhphsshr oj eèx. 01>¾@!

 



J aiactj mh fcepazh pjma sar `jotrjfhmj htrhvãs mh hftarhçàj mh prassàj ma sjdrahfceaothçàj a mhs taeparhturhs ma ghsas ma as`hpa! @hsj oa`assèrcj, j aiactj mh fcepazh pjma sar hprcejrhmj afavhomj h prassàj mh èguh a h murhçàj mj prj`assj ma fhvhgae!

Yhfjras ma iuo`cjoheaotj phrh fhvhgae ma turdcohs t urdcohs Taomceaotj mj ejtjr   6 8>%

^ègcoh 0> ma 18

]aeparhturh ma gès ma as`hpa î iraota mh turdcoh eèx. 01> ¾@

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^rassàj mh èguh (sjdraprassàj)

]aepj ma fhvhgae

4,1 ‐ =,1 dhr

oj eåo. 8> eco.

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

@hpåtufj 7

 

7.=.0

Fcepazh mj scfao`cjsj (H `hmh 1>> bjrhs ma iuo`cjoheaotj, vhfjr comc`htcvj eãmcj) `hpåtufj partcoaota 7.=.7

Garhf

Oh ehcjrch mjs `hsjs dhsth sudstctucr h ehfbh icftrhota (3>84). ^hrh thotj, j scfao`cjsj pjma parehoa`ar costhfhmj oj turdjhfceaothmjr. J cotarvhfj ma ehoutaoçàj comc`hmj ma 1>> bjrhs ma iuo`cjoheaotj ã hpaohs ue vhfjr comc`htcvj, taomj ae `joscmarhçàj qua h sukcmhma mh ehfbh icftrhota a h parmh ma prassàj mhc rasufthota mapaomae ae grhoma as`hfh mhs `jomcçñas hedcaothcs. Ae `hsj ma `jomcçñas axtraehs, ra`jeaomh-sa costhfhr ue comc`hmjr ma ehoutaoçàj (eamcmjr ma dhcxh prassàj), qua scohfczh j ejeaotj `jrratj phrh fcepazh. @jotumj, j comc`hmjr ma ehoutaoçàj mava sar `joicgurhmj ma thf ejmj, qua j scohf ma fcepazh sakh aectcmj `je ueh maprassàj ma hprjx. 8>> eeWP oj pjotj ma costhfhçàj "H" (p.ax. comc`hmjr ma ehoutaoçàj EHOO phrh icftrj ma hr, maprassàj eèx. 4>> eeWP 5 4> edhr). Paquëo`ch ma trhdhfbj;   Pudstctucçàj ehfbh icftrhota icftrhota 8. 4. 0.

Hdrcr a ratcrhr hs `coths `coths ma icxhçàj (3>8=) Tatcrhr h ehfbh icftrhota icftrhot a (3>84) mj scfao`cjsj (3>8>). Cosarcr ojvh ehfbh icftrhota (3>84) a ejothr ojvheaota hs `coths ma icxhçàj (3>8=).

Paquëo`ch ma trhdhfbj;  Fcepazh mj scfao`cjsj



Ae `hsj ma ijrta sukacrh oj scfao`cjsj, ju hcomh, oj `jotaxtj ma ueh cospaçàj, j scfao`cjsj mava sar `jepfatheaota fcepj. 8. 4. 0.

Masejothr j scfao`cjsj scfao`cjs j (3>8>) (vakh `hpåtufj 7.=.7). Fcephr pjr ijrh `je ue pco`af eh`cj. Ejothr j scfao`cjsj (3>8>).

Oàj ã parectcmj jparhr j turdjhfceaothmj sae h ehfbh icftrhota oj scfao`cjsj! Hj aiatuhr trhdhfbjs ma fcepazh, jdsarvhs hs ojrehs ma pravaoçàj ma h`cmaotas (ehousacj ma sjfvaotas oj`cvjs, vjfètacs, coifheèvacs) a js ragufheaotjs ma sagurhoçh `jotrh co`ëomcjs (MCO8=>39). Ã prjcdcmj ushr sjfuçàj '^0' ju trc`fjrjatcfaoj oh fcepazh. Pa ijrae utcfczhmjs jutrjs sjfvaotas, mava sar varcic`hmh hotas h rascstëo`ch mj ehtarchf icftrhota. Murhota j ma`jrrar mhs jparhçñas mj ohvcj, mavae sar jdsarvhmjs js ragufheaotjs mhs sj`camhmas ma `fhsscic`hçàj raiaraotas h matargaotas fåqucmjs.

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh 08 ma 18

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

  @hpåtufj 7 7.=.=

Dfjquacj mj turdjhfceaothmjr.



@hsj j`jrrhe mhojs oj ]GA, ae aspa`chf oj rjtjr ju oj eho`hf, j ]GA mava sar dfjquahmj phrh avcthr qua j`jrrhe jutrjs mhojs sudsaquaotas. Oasta `jotaxtj jdsarvhr thedãe j ehouhf ma costruçñas mj ihdrc`hota mj ejtjr. @hsj j ejtjr sakh jparhmj `je turdjhfceaothmjr maiactujsj, j raomceaotj mj ejtjr mava sar fcecthmj ma thfuftrhphsshmhs. ejmj qua hs taeparhturhs ma ghsas ma as`hpa hmecssåvacs oj `cfcomrj oàj sakhe `hpåtufjs partcoaotas partcoaotas 7.=.7, 7.=.2, 7.=.3

Pctuhçàj Pctuhçà j c oc`chf;  J turdjhfceaothmjr astè costhfhmj oj ejtjr.  ejtjr.  

^asj mj scfao`cjsj ^asj mh `hr`hçh ma hspcrhçàj ^asj mh `hr`hçà ma `jeprassjr, `jepfath ^asj mj `jokuotj `aotrhf (`hrtrcmga) ^asj mj mcspjsctcvj ma vamhçàj (37>=)

hprjx. 41 lg hprjx. 88 lg hprjx. =7 lg hprjx. 17 lg hprjx. 84 lg

Paquëo`ch ma trhdhfbj;

8. 4. 0. =.

Masejothr j scfao`cjsj scfao`cjs j (3>8>)/h `hr`hçh ma hspcrhçàj (3>4>) (vakh `hpåtufj 7.=.7). Pjfthr tjmjs js mutjs kuotj î `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr (9>8>). Masejothr h `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr (9>8>) (vakh `hpåtufj 7.=.2). Masejothr j `jokuotj `aotrhf (84>>) (`hhr`hçh mjs eho`hcs `je rjtjr) `je hoaf mcstrcducmjr ma ghsas (7>8>) mh `hr`hçh mh turdcoh (1>8>) (vakh `hpåtufj 7.=.3).

Qtcfczhr eacjs ma afavhçàj!



@ucmhmj hj masejothr j `jokuotj prco`cphf, phrh avcthr mhocic`hçñas mhs pès mh turdcoh. 1.

Mcspjr j mcspjsctcvj mcspjsctc vj ma vamhçàj (37>=) kuotj î `hr`hçh mh turdcoh (1>8>) a hphrhiushr hs paçhs ma hpartj (18=>) `je mcs`js (18>>) a pjr`hs saxthvhmhs (1>2>).

9.

Hphrhiushr j mcspjsctcvj mcspjsctcv j ma vamhçàj (37>=) oh dhsa mj ejtjr.

^ègcoh 04 ma 18

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

 

@hpåtufj 7

 

7.=.1

Masejothgae mj turdjhfceaothmjr `jepfatj h)

d)

^asj mj ]GA `jepfatj, hprjx. 430 lg Xuacrh jdsarvhr hs ojrehs ma pravaoçàj ma h`cmaotas raiarcmhs h sagucr;   guco`bjs, gucomhstas a aqucpheaotjs ma trhçàj (DGY M 2)   eacjs ma afavhçàj ma `hrgh oh jparhçàj ma hphrafbj ma afavhçàj (DGT 1>> @hp. 4.2) Jdsarvhr hs tudufhçñas a js ravastceaotjs! 



Paquëo`ch ma trhdhfbj;  

8. 4. 0. =.

1. 9. 7.

@hsj oa`assèrcj masejothr js ravastceaotjs ravastceaot js mh `hr`hçh mh turdcoh a mhs tudufhçñas ma as`hpa. Pjfthr hs tudufhçñas ma as`hpa mh `hr`hçh mh turdcoh, `ucmhmj `je hs vamhçñas! Pjfthr tjmjs js mutjs kuotj î `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr (9>8>), avaotuhfeaota masejothr. ^aomurhr j turdjhfceaothmjr oj eacj ma afavhçàj. ^hrh thotj h) hphrhiushr j phrhiusj `je jfbhf (0>81) oj `jokuotj prco`cphf (84>>) ju d) 4 `jfj`hr muhs `jrmhs ae ramjr mj ifhoga aotra scfao`cjsj a `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr, hssce `jej aotra `hr`hçh mh turdcoh a `jfatjr ma as`hpa. Pjfthr a ratcrhr js phrhiusjs ma dhsa (H) ojs fhmjs mj `jokuotj prco`cphf (84>>). Arguar j turdjhfceaothmjr turdjhfceaot hmjr a mapjsctè-fj `ucmhmjsheaota oueh dhsa ma ehmacrh, sagurhr `jotrh tjedheaotj. @jdrcr hs hdarturhs mjs tudjs ma ðfaj fudrcic`hota oh dhsa mj ejtjr, phrh avcthr qua aotra sukcmhma oj scstaeh ma ðfaj fudrcic`hota.

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh 00 ma 18

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

  @hpåtufj 7 7.=.9

Ejothgae mj turdjhfceaothmjr `jepfatj h)

d)

^asj mj ]GA `jepfatj, hprjx. 430 lg Xuacrh jdsarvhr hs ojrehs ma pravaoçàj ma h`cmaotas raiarcmhs h sagucr;   guco`bjs, gucomhstas a aqucpheaotjs ma trhçàj (DGY M 2)   eacjs ma afavhçàj ma `hrgh oh jparhçàj ma hphrafbj ma afavhçàj (DGT 1>> @hp. 4.2) Jdsarvhr hs tudhgaos a js ravastceaotjs! Tatcrhr h ijfbh ma prjtaçàj oh dhsa - `hsj axcstaota! ]jrqua ma hpartj mjs phrhiusjs ma dhsa (H) 079 Oe! 



Paquëo`ch ma trhdhfbj;  

8. 4. 0. =. 1. 9. 7. 2.

^aomurhr j ]GA `jepfatj oj eacj ma afavhçàj (vakh `hpåtufj 7.=.1) a mapjscthr oh dhsa mj ejtjr. @ucmhmj `je hs `joaxñas mjs tudjs! @jfj`hr a hparthr js phrhiusjs ma dhsa (H) ojs fhmjs mj `jokuotj prco`cphf (84>>). @joa`thr js tudjs ma as`hpa oh `hr`hçh mh turdcoh. Costhfhr j ravastceaotj. ravastceaotj. @joa`thr h tudufhçàj ma hr ma hfceaothçàj. @joa`thr js tudjs ma èguh a ma hr phrh h fhvhgae mj `jeprassjr. Hparthr js phrhiusjs mjs `hdjs ma `joaxàj. Favhr j ðfaj ma fudrcic`hçàj fudrcic` hçàj hj ]GA a varcic`hr h asthoqucmhma ma tjmhs hs `joaxñas ma ifhoga.

Hj costhfhr j ]GA, varcic`hr sa h ejothgae ã iacth fcvra ma taosñas. @hsj oa`assèrcj, hs tudhgaos mavae sar prj`asshmhs hcomh pjstarcjreaota.



Pð utcfczhr vamhçñas ae pariactj asthmj phrh hs `joaxñas mjs mutjs. Js phrhiusjs ma `joaxàj mjs tudjs ma as`hpa mavae sar trhthmjs `je ue fudrcic`hota qua ``jotaobh jotaobh dcssufiuratj ma ejfcdmãocj, hotas ma sarae cosarcmjs. Pudstctucr js hoãcs ae J a hs vamhçñas! ^hrh prjtagar js hoãcs ae J, mava sar utcfczhmh h pfh`h ma ejothgae (3784) hj `jfj`hr j turdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa sjdra h dhsa mj ejtjr!

^ègcoh 0= ma 18

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

@hpåtufj 7

 

7.=.7

Masejothgae a ejothgae mj scfao`cjsj, ju hcomh, mh `hr`hçh ma hspcrhçàj

^asj mj scfao`cjsj `jepfatj, hprjx. 41 lg lg ^asj mh `hr`hçh ma hspcrhçàj `jepfath, hprjx. 88 lg ]jrqua ma hpartj mj vaa dhom 01 Oe! Fagaomh

9>8> @hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr 9>4> Hdrhçhmacrh ma paricf 983> ^hrhiusj mj `cfcomrj 3>8> Pcfao`cjsj 3>4> @hr`hçh ma hspcrhçàj

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh 01 ma 18

 

  @hpåtufj 7 7.=.2

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

Masejothgae a ejothgae mh `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr Mutj mj hr ma safhgae fcvra phsshgae

^asj mj `jokuotj `aotrhf (`hr`hçh mjs eho`hcs `je rjtjr) hprjx. 17 lg ^asj mh `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr `jepfath hprjx. =7 lg Hj masejothr a costhfhr h `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr, `ucmhr qua h rjmh mj `jeprassjr oàj sakh mhocic`hmh.



Pudstctucr j hoaf ae J (9>0>) h `hmh masejothgae a ejothgae! Ejothr js supfaeaotjs (2>88-2>81) ma thf ejmj, qua js iurjs phrh hr ma safhgae astakhe fcvras! Fagaomh

84>> @jokuotj prco`cphf 1>8> @hr`hçh mh turdcoh 9>8> @hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr 9>0> Hoaf ae J, `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr 9>=> Qocmhma, `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr 9>=8 Hoaf ae J 9>3> Hoaf ae J 980> @bhph 9808 ^hrhiusj mj `cfcomrj 9804 Hrruafhs trhvhotas 98=> ^açh ma hpartj 981> ^coj rjs`hmj 989> ^jr`h saxthvhmh 987> Mcs`j 2>8> Mciusjr mj `jeprassjr 2>88-2>81 Pupfaeaotjs 2>=> ^hrhiusj mj `cfcomrj

^ègcoh 09 ma 18

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

@hpåtufj 7

 

7.=.3

Masejothgae a ejothgae mj `jokuotj `aotrhf (`hrtrcmga)

^asj mj `aotrhf (`hr`hçh mjs eho`hcs `je rjtjr) hprjx. 17 lg ^asj mh `hr`hçh mh turdcoh `jepfatj, hprjx. 19 lg Hj masejothr a costhfhr taobh `ucmhmj ` ucmhmj phrh avcthr mhocic`hçñas mhs pès mh turdcoh. Ijrçhr j `jokuotj prco`cphf (84>>) phrh ijrh mh `hr`hçh mh turdcoh, `je huxåfcj mj mcspjsctcvj ma axtrhçàj. @hsj astakh prasj, utcfczhr mcasaf ju raejvamjr ma iarrugae! @ucmhmj hj masejothr j `jokuotj prco`cphf, phrh avcthr qua h vaotjcobh mh turdcoh `hch phrh ijrh. ]jrqua ma hpartj mjs phrhiusjs ma dhsa (H) 079 Oe!



Pudstctucr j hoaf ae J (dhsa) h `hmh ejothgae! Hoãcs ae J astàj co`fuåmjs oj vjfuea ma ijroa`ceaotj mj ihdrc`hota mj ejtjr! @jfj`hr h pfh`h ma ejothgae (3784) phrh avcthr mhojs oj hoaf ae J. Fagaomh

84>> 0>81 1>8> 1>2> 18>> 180> 181> 7>8> 7>4> 7>=> 3784 3749  H

@jokuotj `aotrhf (@hrtrcmga) ^hrhiusj `je jfbhf @hr`hçh mh turdcoh ^jr`h saxthvhmh Hrruafhs trhvhotas ^coj rjs`hmj ^açh ma hpartj Hoaf mcstrcducmjr ma ghsas ^coj ma trhvheaotj Yamhçàj ma eathf ^fh`h ma ejothgae Mcspjsctcvj Mcspjsct cvj ma axtrhçàj ^hrhiusj ma ma dhsa

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh 07 ma 18

 

  @hpåtufj 7 7.=.8>

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

Masejothgae mj `jfatjr ma as`hpa

^asj mj `jfatjr ma as`hpa `jepfatj, hprjx. 4= lg ^asj mh `hr`hçh mh turdcoh hprjx. 3 lg ^asj mj hoaf ma rupturh hprjx. 0 lg Fagaomh

1>8> 1>4> 1>3> 18>8 148> 144> 140> 141> 38>>

@hr`hçh mh turdcoh Qocmhma mh `hr`hçh mh turdcoh ^jr`h saxthvhmh Hrruafhs trhvhotas ^rjtaçàj tãrec`h Hoaf ma rupturh ^jr`h saxthvhmh Mcs`j @jfatjr ma as`hpa

H `hr`hçh mh turdcoh a hoaf ma rupturh (144>) pjmae `hcr phrh ijrh quhomj j `jfatjr ma as`hpa (38>>) tcvar scmj masphrhiushmj! @hsj j ]GA sakh trhospjrthmj, h uocmhma mh `hr`hçh mh turdcoh (1>4>) tae ma sar sagurhmh `je 4 pjr`hs!

^ègcoh 02 ma 18

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

@hpåtufj 2

 

2 2.8

^AÇHP MA TA^JPCÇÀJ A IATTHEAO]HP Garhf ^hrh prj`asshr ueh ao`jeaomh, oa`asscthejs mhs sagucotas coijrehçñas; 8. Aomaraçj mj `jeprhmjr 4. ]cpj ma ]GA 0. Oûearj ma ma sãrca mj ]GA (sakh pfh`h ma `hrh`taråstc`hs `hrh`tarås tc`hs a pègcoh 4) =. Oûearj ma ma aspa`cic`hçàj aspa`cic` hçàj mj ]GA (sakh pfh`h ma `hrh`taråstc`hs `hrh`tarås tc`hs a pègcoh 4) 1. Oûearj ma paçh, mascgohçàj a quhotcmhma 9. Aomaraçj phrh aovcj Oh `hcxh ma paçhs ma rapjscçàj, qua h pamcmj pjma sar ijroa`cmh kuotj `je j ijroa`ceaotj prco`cphf, ao`jotrh-sa ueh safaçàj mhs ehcs cepjrthotas paçhs ma masghsta, hssce `jej, ueh raspa`tcvh fcsth.



Hs paçhs oh `hcxh ma paçhs ma rapjscçàj ijrhe `josarvhmhs phrh ue paråjmj ma hrehzaoheaotj ma 4 hojs. Cguhfeaota h pamcmj pjma sar ijroa`cmh ueh matarecohmh safaçàj ma iarrheaoths. ]rhth-sa ma oa`assèrchs î ue raphrj rèpcmjamh iuo`cjohfcmhma pjr sudstctucçàj mj iarrheaoths `jokuotj prco`cphf, hpðs ue mhoj oj ]GA, qua oae saepra mj sàjejtjr iarrheaoths dèsc`hs oueh jic`coh.

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh 03 ma 18

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

  @hpåtufj 2

2.4

^açhs ma rapjscçàj

2.4.8

]urdjhfceaothmjr, `jepfatj (8>>>)

O.¾ paçh Xuhotcmhma Mascgohçàj

84>> 08=>

8 4

@jokuotj `aotrhf (`hrtrcmga) ^hrhiusj ma `jdarturh

081> 1>8> 148> 9>8> 9>4> 983> 3>8> 3>84 3>8= 3>4> 3>41 3>0> 3>=> 3>1> 3>11

4 8 8 8 8 4 * 8 4 * * 4 4 8 8

Hoaf ma vamhçàj @hr`hçh mh turdcoh ^rjtaçàj ]ãrroc`h @hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr Yaa dhom ^hrhiusj mj `cfcomrj Pcfao`cjsj Ehfbh icftrhota icftrhot a @coth ma hpartj @hr`hçh ma hspcrhçàj Ifhoga ma `joaxàj ma hr ^hrhiusj ma `jdarturh Hoaf ma vamhçàj ^hrhiusj ma `jdarturh ^hrhiusj ma `jdarturh

3>9> 3>91 3>7> 3>2> 38>> 38>8 38>4 38>0 38>=

8 8 8 8 8 0 84 84 0

Hoaf ma vamhçàj Hoaf ma vamhçàj ^hrhiusj ma `jdarturh Hoaf ma vamhçàj @jfatjr ma as`hpa Ifhoga ^hrhiusj saxthvhmj Mcs`j Yamhçàj

388>

8

Eamcmjr ma rjthçàj

384>

8

Hoaf ae J

Jdsarvhçàj 

jp`cjohfeaota `je scfao`cjsj scfao`cjs j jp`cjohfeaota `je scfao`cjsj scfao`cjs j jp`cjohfeaota `je `hr`hçh ma hspcrhçàj jp`cjohfeaota `je `hr`hçh ma hspcrhçàj

sð pjma sar ijroa`cmj oj kjgj "vamhçñas" (3388) jp`cjohf, ju phrhiusj ma `jdarturh (08=>) `je hoaf ma vamhçàj (081>) sð phrh ejtjras h gès

* jp`cjohf, quhotcmhma mapaoma mh vhrchota ma turdjhfceaothmjr

^ègcoh => ma 18

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

@hpåtufj 2

 

2.4.4

]urdjhfceaothmjr dèsc`j (88>>)

O.¾ paçh

Xuhotcmhma

84>> 1>8> 1>2> 18>> 180> 181> 9>8> 9>0>

8 8 89 89 89 2 8 8

Mascgohçàj

Jdsarvhçàj 

2 4= 4= 4= 8 0 8 8 *

@jokuotj `aotrhf (`hrtrcmga) @hr`hçh mh turdcoh ^jr`h Mcs`j ^coj rjs`hmj ^açh ma hpartj @hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr Hoaf ae J, `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr ^açh ma hpartj ^coj rjs`hmj ^jr`h saxthvhmh Mcs`j Hoaf mcstrcducmjr ma ghsas ^hrhiusj ma icxhçàj Yamhçàj ma eathf Mciusjr ma hr Pupfaeaotjs

98=> 981> 989> 987> 7>8> 7>4> 7>=> 2>8> 2>88 htã 2>81 2>=>

* `joijrea hkusta mh ijfgh

0

^hrhiusj mj `cfcomrj

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh =8 ma 18

 

  @hpåtufj 2 2.4.0

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

@hr`hçh mh turdcoh, `jepfath

O.¾ paçh

Xuhotcmhma

1>8>

8

@hr`hçh mh turdcoh

1>4> 1>1> 1>9> 1>78 1>74 1>2> 1>3> 18>> 18>8 188> 184> 180> 181> 148> 144>

8 0 0 4 4 89 84 89 84 84 = 89 2 8 8

Cosart `hr`hçh mh turdcoh ^hrhiusj ma `jdarturh Hoaf ma vamhçàj ^coj rjs`hmj Hrruafh trhvhota ^jr`h ^jr`h Mcs`j Mcs`j ^coj rjs`hmj ^coj rjs`hmj ^coj rjs`hmj Ifhoga ma hpartj ^rjtaçàj ]arec`h Hoaf ma rupturh

140>

9

^hrhiusj saxthvhmj

141>

9

Mcs`j

^ègcoh =4 ma 18

Mascgohçàj

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

Jdsarvhçàj

pjr aotrhmh ma gès pjr aotrhmh ma gès

pjr pã, jp`cjohf phrh costhfhçàj costhfhç àj mj ejtjr 

quhotcmhma mapaoma mh vhrchota mj turdjhfceaothmjr quhotcmhma mapaoma mh vhrchota mj turdjhfceaothmjr

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

@hpåtufj 2

 

2.4.=

@hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr, `jepfath

O.¾ paçh

Xuhotcmhma

9>8> 9>=> 9>=8

8 8 4

9>1> 9>9> 9>3>

8 8 8

988> 984> 980> 9808 9804 98=>

8 8 0 9 9 2

@hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr Cosart mh `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr Hoaf ae J, uocmhma `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr ^hrhiusj ma `jdarturh Hoaf ma vamhçàj Hoaf ae J, uocmhma `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr ^hrhiusj ma `jdarturh Hoaf ma vamhçàj ^fh`h ma icxhçàj ^hrhiusj mj `cfcomrj Mcs`j Ifhoga ma hpartj

981> 989> 987>

4= 4= 4=

^coj rjs`hmj ^jr`h saxthvhmh Mcs`j

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

Mascgohçàj

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

Jdsarvhçàj 

jp`cjohf phrh Kat Hsscst jp`cjohf phrh Kat Hsscst

^ègcoh =0 ma 18

 

  @hpåtufj 2 2.4.1

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

Yamhçñas a kuoths (338>)

O.¾ paçh

Xuhotcmhma

3388 3384

8 8

2.4.1.8

Xuhotcmhma

4>7> 4>3> 0>18 9>0> 9>=8 9>3> 7>0> 38>=

8 8 8 8 4 8 8 0

O.¾ paçh

0>78 0>74 0>28 0>24 0>20 0>2= 0>21 2>88 2>84 2>80 2>8= 2>81

Jdsarvhçàj 

Kjgj ma vamhçñas Kjgj ma supfaeaotjs

Yamhçñas (3388)

O.¾ paçh

2.4.1.4

Mascgohçàj

Mascgohçàj

Jdsarvhçàj 

Hoaf ma vamhçàj ma jfaj Hoaf ma vamhçàj ma jfaj Hoaf ae J, hoaf ma hrraia`ceaotj hrraia`ceaot j Hoaf ae J, `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr Hoaf ae J, uocmhma `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr Hoaf ae J, uocmhma `hr`hçh mj `jeprassjr Kuoth ma asthoquacmhma Yamhçàj

Kuoths (3384)

Xuhotcmhma

^ègcoh == ma 18

4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

Mascgohçàj

Kuoth (>,8) Kuoth (>,81) Yamhçàj, theph mj eho`hf `jeprassjr (>,8) Yamhçàj, theph mj eho`hf `jeprassjr (>,81) Yamhçàj, theph mj eho`hf `jeprassjr (>,4) Yamhçàj, theph mj eho`hf `jeprassjr (>,0) Yamhçàj, theph mj eho`hf `jeprassjr (>,1) Kuoth, vaotjcobh mj `jeprassjr (>,8) Kuoth, vaotjcobh mj `jeprassjr (>,81) Kuoth, vaotjcobh mj `jeprassjr (>,4) Kuoth, vaotjcobh mj `jeprassjr (>,0) Kuoth, vaotjcobh mj `jeprassjr (>,1)

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

Jdsarvhçàj 

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

@hpåtufj 2

 

2.4.9

Afaeaotjs ma icxhçàj (3348)



Kjgj (3348) `jotãe tjmjs js afaeaotjs afa eaotjs ma icxhçàj mj fhmj mj `jeprassjr!

O.¾ paçh

0>84 0>8= 0>81 0>89 0>87 08=> 081> 9>1> 9>9> 988> 984> 980> 9808 9804 981> 989> 987> 983> 2>=> 3>0> 3>=> 3>7> 3>2>

Xuhotcmhma Mascgohçàj

4 4 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 0 9 9 84 84 84 4 0 4 4 8 8

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

Jdsarvhçàj 

^hrhiusj ma `jdarturh Yamhçàj ^hrhiusj `je jfbhf ^hrhiusj ma `jdarturh Hoaf ma vamhçàj ^hrhiusj ma `jdarturh Hoaf ma vamhçàj ^hrhiusj ma `jdarturh Hoaf ma vamhçàj ^hrhiusj ma `jdarturh Hoaf ma vamhçàj ^fh`h ma icxhçàj ^hrhiusj mj `cfcomrj Hrruafh trhvhota ^hrhiusj sae `hdaçh ^jr`h saxthvhmh Mcs`j ^hrhiusj mj `cfcomrj ^hrhiusj mj `cfcomrj ^hrhiusj ma `jdarturh Hoaf ma vamhçàj ^hrhiusj ma `jdarturh Hoaf ma vamhçàj

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh =1 ma 18

 

  @hpåtufj 2

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

2.4.7

Afaeaotjs ma icxhçàj (330>)



Kjgj (330>) `jotãe tjmjs js afaeaotjs ma icxhçàj mj fhmj mh turdcoh!

O.¾ paçh

Xuhotcmhma

Mascgohçàj

Jdsarvhçàj 

1>1> 1>9>

9 9

^hrhiusj ma `jdarturh Hoaf ma vamhçàj

pjr aotrhmh ma gès pjr aotrhmh ma gès

1>78 1>74 1>3> 18>8 188> 184> 140> 141> 3>1> 3>11 3>9> 3>91 38>4 38>0 3308

4 84 84 84 = 9 9 8 8 8 8 84 84 8

^coj rjs`hmj Hrruafh trhvhota ^jr`h saxthvhmh Mcs`j ^coj rjs`hmj ^coj rjs`hmj ^hrhiusj saxthvhmj Mcs`j ^hrhiusj ma `jdarturh ^hrhiusj ma `jdarturh Hoaf ma vamhçàj Hoaf ma vamhçàj ^hrhiusj saxthvhmj Mcs`j Afaeaotjs ma icxhçàj

^ègcoh =9 ma 18

pjr pã, jp`cjohf phrh costhfhçàj mj ejtjr phrh prjtaçàj ]ãrec`h phrh prjtaçàj ]ãroc`h

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

@hpåtufj 2

 

2.4.2

Afaeaotjs ma icxhçàj (3308)



Kjgj (3308) `jotãe tjmjs js afaeaotjs ma icxhçàj mj fhmj mh turdcoh phrh h sudstctucçàj mj `jokuotj prco`cphf a astè `jotcmj oj kjgj (330>).

O.¾ paçh

Xuhotcmhma

1>2> 18>> 180> 7>4>

89 89 89 0

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

Mascgohçàj

Jdsarvhçàj 

^jr`h saxthvhmh Mcs`j ^coj rjs`hmj ^coj ma trhvheaotj

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh =7 ma 18

 

  @hpåtufj 2

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

2.0

Iarrheaoth



Iarrheaoths sàj jpçñas, qua j `fcaota tae ma ao`jeaomhr a phghr hmc`cjohfeaota.

2.0.8

Kjgj ma iarrheaoths (37>>)



Kjgj (37>>) `jotãe iarrheaoths phrh h sudstctucçàj mj `jokuotj prco`cphf.

O.¾ paçh

Xuhotcmhma

3784

8

378= 3789 3749

8 8 0

^fh`h ma ejothgae phrh prjtaçàj mjs hoãcs ma vamhçàj oh dhsa mj ejtjr @bhva ma dj`h phrh prjtaçàj tãrec`h Axtaosàj Axtaos àj phrh 378= Mcspjsctcvj Mcspjsct cvj ma phrh `hr`hçhs ma turdcohs a ma `jeprassjras

3791 3724

4 4

axtrhçàj saxthvhmj ^hrhiusj ^hrhiusj `je jfbhf

3720 3734

8 4

^hrhiusj `je jfbhf ^jr`h ma hoaf

^ègcoh =2 ma 18

Mascgohçàj

Jdsarvhçàj 

phrh `hr`hçh ma hspcrhçàj a `jfatjr ma as`hpa phrh `hr`hçh ma `jeprassjr a ma turdcoh a scfao`cjsj phrh `jokuotj `aotrhf phrh `hr`hçh ma hspcrhçàj a `jfatjr ma as`hpa

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

@hpåtufj 2

 

2.0.4

Jutrhs iarrheaoths

O.¾ paçh

37>=

Xuhotcmhma Mascgohçàj

8

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

Mcspjsctcvj Mcspjsct cvj ma vamhçàj

Jdsarvhçàj 

^hrh iuo`cjoheaotj ma aeargëo`ch sae turdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa h sar ao`jeaomhmj ae saphrhmj

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh =3 ma 18

 

  @hpåtufj 3

3

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

HOARJ Jic`cohs hutjrczhmhs

^ègcoh 1> ma 18

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

 

 

Ehouhf ma costruçñas ]urdjhfceaothmjr ma gès ma as`hpa P]=

@hpåtufj 3

 

EHOQHF P]= (0) .mj`

2¾. amcçàj (>9/4>81)

^ègcoh 18 ma 18