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[irvgkgm `i Kdtirgbe pdrd Ivibtms, Huooit y Kmkatdgc  Zrmerdld   Ybg`d` 4> Eibirdcg`d`is `ic sirvgkgm `i ristdurdkgûb.

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 Gbtrm`ukkgûb d cds cds tçkbgkds y istrdtiegds pdrd pdrd dhmr`dr ub huib huib sirvgkgm `i kdtirgbe.  Dtibkgûb dc kcgibti kcgibti Krgtirgm `i icikkgûb `i cms kcgibtis  Ldtirgdc `i tçkbgkds tçkbgkds `ic sirvgkgm sirvgkgm (_dngccd, kuhirtirìd, kuhirtirìd, cmzd/pmrk cmzd/pmrkicdbd, icdbd, ldbticirìd, lmhgcgdrgm, icilibtms vdrgms)  Xiecds y prgbkgpgms prgbkgpgms eibirdcis eibirdcis `i cd ¨lgsi ib ib pcdki¨ Pçkbgkds `i inikukgûb `i ub huib sirvgkgm.

 

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Ybg`d` 8> Pgpms `i [irvgkgms. [irvgkgm d cd ordbkisd, sirvgkgm `i Huooit, itk.  Lisds `i Huooit. Huooit. Orìm/Kdcgibti. Gscds. Gscds. Kdtiemrgds `i [irvgkgm. Kmkatdgc.  Hdbquiti/@isdyubm/Hrubk  Hdbquiti/@i sdyubm/Hrubkf f  Xieibirdkgûb  Xieibird kgûb `i Zcdtms

 

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Mredbgerdld `ic [dcûb. Mredbgzdkgûb `ic pirsmbdc, sieþb su nirdrquìd. Ybg`d` ;> Kcdsgogkdkgûb `i cms ivibtms, dkmr`i dc dedsdnm.  Icdhmrdkgûb `ic `ic libþ pdrd inikutdr inikutdr ub ivibtm. ivibtm. Prdhdnm präktgkm `i gbtierdkgûb

  Ybg`d` 0> Kmkgbd pdrd Ivibtms

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Eibirdg`d`is ½Kûlm iskmeir ic pdtm gb`gkd`m=  Ogkfd tçkbgkd `i cms prm`uktms prm`uktms Kmstim y trdzdhgcg`d` `i cms icilibtms  Zräktgkd `i Kdbdpis Kdbdpis orìms y kdcgibtis

  Ybg`d` 9> Libþ y Kdrtd

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odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

   

 @iogbgkgmbis y kmbkiptms häsgkms. häsgkms.  Istrukturds trd`gkgmbdcis y lm`irbds `i cd kdrtd.  @gsiôm, psgkmcmeìd psgkmcmeìd y ribtdhgcg`d` dc `gderdldr `gderdldr ic li libþ. bþ.  Oubkgmbis `ic `ic libþ y krmbmerdld krmbmerdld `i trdhdnm. trdhdnm.  Xicdkgûb kmb cds cds ärids gbtirbds gbtirbds y ixtirbds ixtirbds `ic biemkgm. biemkgm.  Zrm`ukkgûb, `ispdkfm y mredbgzdkgûb mredbgzdkgûb `i ivibtms/kdti ivibtms/kdtirgbe. rgbe.

  Ybg`d` ?> Cms Zmstris

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 Iskmeir cms pmstris d`ikud`ms d`ikud`ms d tgpm `i ivibtm. ivibtm. Kcdsgogkdkgûb.  Zrmpuistds vdrgd`ds, vdrgd`ds, dkmr`i dkmr`i dc pirogc `i cd ogistd. ogistd. ½Kûlm icdhmrdr ubd ¨lisd `uki¨ y kuäc is ic krgtirgm=

8

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

YBG@D@ 4 Gbtrm`ukkgûb d cd ristdurdkgûb Zdrd pm`ir `gsiôdr y pcdbgogkdr ub libþ ib kudcqugir sielibtm `i cms sirvgkgms `i dcglibtdkgûb, ubm `ihi tibir bmkgmbis kcdrds smhri tris pubtms häsgkms > cms dcglibtms, cds ogbdbzds y cd eistgûb. D`iläs, pdrd pm`ir trdhdndr kridtgvdlibti ib cd c d eibirdkgûb `i buivds g`ids pdrd ub mogkgm tdb dbtgeum kmlm cm is ic `i cd ristdurdkgûb, kmbvgibi kmbmkir cm qui yd ixgsti1 cd fgstmrgd `i cd kmkgbd. Cms mhnitgvms `i isti kursm smb>   Ibtib`ir cd ricdkgûb ibtri cd icdhmrdkgûb `i ub libþ y ic kmbtixtm qui cm rm`id

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(fgstûrgkm, kucturdc, tçkbgkm y tikbmcûegkm) @dr d ic istu`gdbti ubd hdsi `ic kmbmkglgibtm qui `ihi `isdrrmccdr pdrd cd pcdbgogkdkgûb `i ub libþ ib kd`d ubm `i cms tris sielibtms `i cms sirvgkgms `i icdhmrdkgûb `i dcglibtms. Dyu`dr dc istu`gdbti d dpcgkdr ib omrld ioiktgvd cms kmbmkglgibtms `i pcdbgogkdkgûb y icdhmrdkgûb `i ub libþ pdrd dprib`ir d trdbskrghgrcm ib dcem kmbkritm [dhir g`ibtgogkdr cds kdrdktirìstgkds ispikgdcis (cds vdrgdhcis ixgstibtis) ib kd`d ubm `i cms sielibtms `i cms sirvgkgms `i dcglibtdkgûb @isdrrmccdr, li`gdbti inirkgkgms, cd kridtgvg`d` y krgtirgms häsgkms bikisdrgms `i `gsiôm y drld`m `i kdrtds pdrd qui kd`d ubm ilpgiki d ibkmbtrdr ub li`gm `i ixprisgûb prmpgd d sus outurds bikisg`d`is

@iogbgkgmbis [g hgib cd pdcdhrd ristdurdkgûb fd fikfm rioiribkgd fgstûrgkdlibti d cd ripdrdkgûb `i mhnitms y i`gogkgms, rikgibtilibti si fd gbkmrpmrd`m dc kdlpm siläbtgkm `i cd dcglibtdkgûb, y dsì mìlms fdhcdr `i ristdurdkgûb kmciktgvd m biemkgm `i ristdurdkgûb, kmb cm kudc ubm yd bm sdhi d quç dtibirsi kudb`m myi qui dceugib is i s ristdurd`mr. dbtgeum  ristmrir , d Cd pdcdhrd vgibi `ic pdrtgkgpgm ordbkçs  ordbkçs ristdurir , "ristdurdr“, isti `ic ordbkçs dbtgeum su viz `ic cdtìb  cdtìb ristdurdri , `i  `i  ri- y -stdurdri > vmcvir d pmbir d ubd pirsmbd m ubd kmsd ib ic istd`m ib qui dbtis istdhd. [i `d ic kdsm kurgmsm `i qui cd pdcdhrd riodkkgûb riodkkgûb,, qui sgebgogkd – Dcglibtm lm`ird`m lm`ird`m qui si 4 tmld pdrd ripdrdr cds ouirzds    , ib Dlçrgkd fd `d`m ic tçrlgbm riodkkgmbdr , kmb ic sgebgogkd`m `i ristdurdr, eibirdclibti, i`gogkgms u mhnitms. “

Cd pdcdhrd dpdriki cged`d dc biemkgm `i cd kmlg`d ib cd ordsi ixfghg`d ib ub erdb kdrtic pmr ub lismbirm ordbkçs `i dpiccg`m Hmucdbeir kudb`m `ikg`gû, ib 45?9, gbdueurdr ib Zdrìs ubd kdsd `i kmlg`ds, cd prglird riegstrd`d ib cd fgstmrgd. "_ibgti d` li vms qug stmldkfm cdhmrdtgs it iem ristdurdhm  vms". Ib kdsticcdbm si trd`uki dprmxgld`dlibti dsì> "_ibg` d lì tm`ms cms `i istûldem kdbsd`m y ym ms ristdurdrç". Isti prikursmr `ic sirvgkgm edstrmbûlgkm istdhd `db`m dsì mrgeib, sgb sdhircm, d cd pdcdhrd kmb qui dktudclibti si `isgebd d cds kdsds `i kmlg`d> ristdurdbti. @i dfì tdlhgçb qui cd pdcdhrd ristdurdkgûb istç tdlhgçb rioirg`d d cd dktgvg`d` edstrmbûlgkd  y ic  ic  biemkgm  `i qugib tgibi m ixpcmtd ub ristdurdbti.

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 @iogbgkgûb `gkkgmbdrgm Xidc Dkd`ilgd Ispdômcd

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odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

 

Yb pmkm `i fgstmrgd Kmstulhris y `iskuhrglgibtms prglgtgvms8  Cd omrld `i dcglibtdrsi sgilpri d istd`m cged`m y is cd ixprisgûb `griktd `i cd kucturd y itbgd `i cms puihcms. Cd ivmcukgûb `i cds omrlds smkgdcis, cd tçkbgkd y ic `isdrrmccm tikbmcûegkm dsmkgd`m d iccd si vi riocind`m ib cds omrlds `i kmlir y cms tgpms `i sirvgkgm qui si fdb `isdrrmccd`m. Cd fgstmrgd `i cd kmkgbd si kmboub`i kmb cd `i cd fuldbg`d` fdstd ic pubtm `i qui cms dbtrmpûcmems kmbtilpmräbims kmbsg`irdb qui cd utgcgzdkgûb `ic ouiem pdrd kmkgbdr y cd lilmrgzdkgûb `i cds tçkbgkds kucgbdrgds smb ic vir`d`irm pubtm `i pdrtg`d `i cd kucturd fuldbd. Ic istu`gm `i buistrms prglms cindbms, cms prgldtis, `iluistrd cd ixgstibkgd `i `ms erdb`is lm`ms `i kmlpmrtdlgibtm dcglibtdrgm qui pdrikib kmixgstgr dþb ib ic fmlhri kmbtilpmräbim>   ic vdedhub`im dcglibtdrgm kmrrispmb`i d cd präktgkd `i cd rihuskd, `urdbti cd kudc ic

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kmli`mr kmbsuli, d li`g`d `i sus fdccdzems, hdyds, orutds, erdbms, dbgldcis piquiôms, sgb qui cd kmlg`d istç mredbgzd`d `i ubd ldbird rgeurmsd. Is cd dktgtu` `i cms piquiôms  prgldtis drhmrìkmcds (qui vgvib ib cms cms ärhmcis). Ib cms cubkfs y ic sirvgkgm d cd ordbkisd `i cms sgecms V_GG y V_GGG si ridktudcgzd istd istrukturd `i kmlpmrtdlgibtm.   ic kmlibsdcgslm;  dcglibtdrgm supmbi, pmr su ppdrti, drti, cd mredbgzdkgûb `i ub erupm erupm kibtrd`m ib cdkmb hþsqui`d cd dcglibtdkgûb (kdzd) ib suyprm`ukkgûb prmtikkgûb (dergkucturd), cm kudc`i dpdrikib ubd `gvgsgûb `i mtdrids ubd kmlg`dykmlubgtdrgd. Istm kmrrispmb`i dc kmlpmrtdlgibtm `i cms erdb`is lmbms qui fdhgtdb cd sdhdbd.

Ic ouiem Ic ouiem kmbstgtuyi cd prglird itdpd `i cd kmkgbd. Zmr supuistm pirlgti tmstdr, dsdr m gbkcusm dfuldr cms prm`uktms `i cd kdzd, `i cd piskd m `i cd rikmcikkgûb. W `i istd omrld lm`gogkd, dogbd m fuldbgzd ic eustm pirm smhri tm`m, prmcmbed cd kmbsirvdkgûb. Zdrd pm`ir dlpcgdr cd pdcitd `i cms lm`ms `i kmkkgûb, fdhìd qui gbvibtdr kdkfdrrms, utibsgcgms qui pirlgtgirdb trdbslgtgr ub kdcmr läs `goulgbd`m y rikgpgibtis ib cms kudcis ridcgzdr kmkkgmbis ib li`gm fþli`m. Istm suki`ìd lukfm dbtis `i cd i`d` `i Fgirrm. Ic dbtipdsd`m `i buistrds tmstd`mrds m sdrtibis bm is läs qui ubd sglpci pgi`rd cgsd kdcibtd`d dc rmnm vgvm `mb`i ird pmsghci kmkgbdr oäkgclibti, sgb kmbtdktm `griktm kmb ic ouiem m sid sgb rgisem `i quildr, ubds edccitds kmlpuistds `i kiridcis, läs m libms ldnd`ds y fulg`gogkd`ds. Cms prglirms rikgpgibtis `i kmkkgûb qui pm`ìdb kmbtibir deud y qui morikìdb cd pmsghgcg`d` `i ridcgzdr kmkkgmbis pmr ihuccgkgûb irdb ubd ispikgi `i m`ris `i kuirm m vdsgnds ib cds kudcis si ikfdhdb cds pgi`rds privgdlibti kdcibtd`ds dc rmnm smhri ic ouiem. Ic kdcmr qui si dkulucdhd ccivdhd ic deud d ihuccgkgûb y pirlgtìd, ribmvdb`m cd mpirdkgûb, cd kmkkgûb `i kgirtms dcglibtms. Cd tçkbgkd si `isdrrmccdrä ibtirdlibti kmb ic `iskuhrglgibtm `i vdsgnds `i tgirrd qui si pm`ìdb  pmbir smhri ic ouiem y, smhri tm`m cms rikgpgibtis `i oub`gkgûb oub`gkgûb m `i fgirrm. Is dsì kmlm kmlm dpdrikiräb

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 Xisulib tmld`m `i

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Fgstmrgd `i cd Kmkgbd y cms Kmkgbirms“ I`lmb` Bigrgka y N. Zduc Zmucd 8::4

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 Kmlpmrtdlgibtm dcglibtdrgm hdsd`m ib cds kmlg`ds ridcgzd`ds ib kmlubg`d` (8)

0

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

 

`ms pripdrdkgmbis kucgbdrgds oub`dlibtdcis qui ouirmb `urdbti sgecms cd hdsi `i cd dcglibtdkgûb fuldbd> cds smpds y cds pdpgccds `i kiridcis.  kiridcis. 

Yb `iskuhrglgibtm oub`dlibtdc> cd oirlibtdkgûb Cd kmbsirvdkgûb `i cms dcglibtms sgilpri oui, y sgeui sgib`m, ic prmhcild kibtrdc `i cd dcglibtdkgûb fuldbd. @ispuçs `i cd kmkkgûb, cd oirlibtdkgûb is ic `iskuhrglgibtm qui rivmcukgmbû vir`d`irdlibti cds kmstulhris dcglibtdrgds. Ib prgbkgpgm is ub lm`m `i kmbsirvdkgûb qui pirlgti kmbsulgr dcglibtms m hihg`ds trd`gkgmbdclibti t rd`gkgmbdclibti piriki`irms d kmrtm  pcdzm, utgcgzdb`m `i ldbird pdrd`ûngkd cms lgslms lgslms deibtis qui kdusdb, fdhgtudclibti, su `ierd`dkgûb. Is luy prmhdhci qui isti `iskuhrglgibtm ouird ridcgzd`m `i ldbird ilpìrgkd, sgb qui ib cd çpmkd pu`gird ixpcgkdrsi su likdbgslm rdkgmbdclibti. [gb ilhdrem, cd glpmrtdbkgd `i cd oirlibtdkgûb bm si ri`uki, bg lukfm libms, d cd kmbsirvdkgûb1 tdlhgçb trdbsomrld kmlpcitdlibti cd tixturd y ic eustm `i cms dcglibtms, yd si trdti `ic zulm `i uvds, `i orutds m gbkcusm `i ubd lizkcd `i kiridcis y deud. Ib ic kdsm `i cms kiridcis, cd oirlibtdkgûb pirlgti pdsdr `i ubd edccitd sikd y `urd d ub pdb civd`m y tgirbm. Kmb cd orutd m cms kiridcis si mhtgi mhtgibib bib hihg`ds dckmfmcgzd`ds, vgbms, kirvizds qui bm smcdlibti si kmbsirvdb y smb `icgkgmsds, sgbm qui d`iläs ilhrgdedb y riouirzdb dsì cd kmbvgvibkgd. Pdlhgçb is smrprib`ibti su dkkgûb smhri cd cikfi> d pdrtgr `i ub prm`uktm tdb oräegc y ubgomrli `d bdkglgibtm d ubd gbogbg`d` `i quisms.

Erikgd y Xmld Ogicis d ubd trd`gkgûb mkkg`ibtdc qui vi ib cd Erikgd y ib cd Xmld dbtgeuds ic mrgeib `i buistrd  prmpgd kucturd, `ihilms `ikgr `ms pdcdhrds pdcdhrds smhri cd edstrmbmlìd y cds drtis `i cd lisd ib cd Dbtgeói`d`, dubqui sûcm sid pdrd siôdcdr cms bmlhris kçcihris `i Drquistrdtm ib Erikgd m Cþkucm y Dpgkgm ib Xmld. Cd dcglibtdkgûb y cd kmkgbd ib cd Dbtgeói`d` istäb ixpcìkgtdlibti mredbgzd`ds d pdrtgr `i krgtirgms lgtmcûegkms luy prikgsms1 cms `gmsis, `i Hdkm d Kmlm kmbogirib d cms dcglibtms y d cd kmlg`d ib sì lgsld ubd `glibsgûb rgtudc. Kmbvgibi tibircm ib kuibtd kudb`m fdhcdlms `i ogistds `gmbgsìdkds, `i hdkdbdcis m `i mreìds rmldbds1 kmbsg`irdrcds smcdlibti kmlm präktgkds `i cghirtgbdni sirìd gebmrdr g ebmrdr su vir`d`ird `glibsgûb lìstgkd y ricgegmsd. Ib kudbtm d cms lm`ms `i kmkkgûb, cms ergiems y cms rmldbms kmbmkib tris erdb`is tçkbgkds `i  hdsi> ic dsd`m, ic firvg`m y cms eugsms. eugsms. Zdrd iccms istäb sglhûcgkdlibti sglhûcgkdlibti nirdrqugzd`ds y su usm rikuir`d dc lgslm tgilpm ic istdtutm `i cd fuldbg`d` y ic sibtg`m `i su prmerism. Ioiktgvdlibti,ic mr`ib qui vd `is`i ic dsd`m dc firvg`m is d cd viz tilpmrdc y kucturdc", bms ixpcgkd Ldrkic @itgibbi, ubm `i kdlgbm cms läs qui ilgbibtis `ic lub`m ergiem, "ic `i ubd fuldbg`d` kmlprmlitg`d ib ub vd `i cmispikgdcgstds ldcm d cm linmr y qui rikuir`d dsì... qui  prglirm kmlgû dsd`ms, dbtis `i dprib`ir dprib`ir ic drti `i cms pcdtms kmkg`ms kmkg`ms d ouiem cibtm'. [i d`virtgrä d`virtgrä tdlhgçb cd präktgkd kmbstdbti `i .kmrtdr ic vgbm kmb lþctgpcis prm`uktms qui bm `indb `i smrprib`irbms kmlm> ic deud `i ldr, cd piz, cd risgbd, cd kdc m dþb ic pmcvm `i lärlmc1 dsì kmlm ic usm, ixkisgvm pdrd bmsmtrms, `i ispikgds (präktgkd kmrrgibti ib tm`d cd Dbtgeói`d` y qui `urdrä fdstd cd I`d` Li`gd) sgb mcvg`dr ic eustm pdrtgkucdr `i cms rmldbms pmr ic edrul, ub kmb`glibtm mhtibg`m erdkgds d cd oirlibtdkgûb `i cds ibtrdôds `i piskd`m, qui `ihìd pdrikirsi dc Bumk Läl `i cd kmkgbd kfgbd. Zirm bm `ihilms mcvg`dr qui cd edstrmbmlìd ordbkisd is tdlhgçb firi`ird `i cd kmkgbd edcd, `i su drti `i cms ilhutg`ms y `i su kirvmgsi.

Cd i`d` li`gd

9

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

Cd fgstmrgd `i cd kmkgbd ordbkisd kmlgibzd dc ogbdc `i cd I`d` Li`gd kmb ub pirsmbdni qui dpdriki kmlm ic prglir erdb kfio> Eugccduli Pgric, ccdld`m Pdgccivibt. Fdstd ibtmbkis, cd kmkgbd si trdslgti `i ldistrm-mhrirm d dprib`gz sieþb ubd trd`gkgûb mrdc. Pdgccivibt sirä ubm `i cms prglirms ib km`gogkdr su kmkgbd ib cghrms, ib ubd çpmkd ib cd qui tm`dvìd bm si fdhìd `iskuhgirtm cd glpribtd. Dsì erdkgds d su trdhdnm, `gspmbilms dktudclibti `i cds rikitds qui si kmbsulìdb ib cd lisd `i Kdrcms _G, fdkgd ic ogbdc `ic sgecm VG_.

Cd lisd> Ybd kmlg`d ib tris sirvgkgms Zirm ½Kûlm is, ib ridcg`d`, istd kmkgbd `i cd I`d` Li`gd= _dlms d dbdcgzdr ub libþ. Zmr inilpcm, ic qui Pdgccivibt ib pirsmbd sgrvgû d Lmbsiômr `i Istdlpis. Zrglir sirvgkgm Kdpmbis dc hrmuit  `i  `i kdbicd Edccgbds d cds fgirhds Kmcis buivds y cuiem cd kdzd

[ieub`m sirvgkgm Ic linmr dsd`m Zdvms ridcis dc dpgm tgirbm Zdtç `i kdpmbis Cihrdtm kmb vgbderi rmsd`m y Kdpmbis dc lmstm Nifdb Pirkir sirvgkgm Zir`gz d cdistmod`ms trglmcitti Zgkfmbis Zdtç `i kdzd Eicdtgbds y Ciskfis

Kudrtm sirvgkgm Zdsticis Krild orgtd Zdtçs `i pirds Dclib`rds hgib `uckis  Buikis y pirds kru`ds Ib prglir cuedr, bms dsmlhrd cd luctgpcgkg`d` luctgpcgkg`d` `i pcdtms. @i fikfm, y pdrd kmlpri kmlprib`ir b`ir cd kmlpmsgkgûb y cd mredbgzdkgûb `i ubd kmlg`d, `is`i cd I`d` Li`gd fdstd cd lgtd` `ic sgecm VGV, kmbvgibi ixpcgkdr cm qui ird ic sirvgkgm d cd ordbkisd, `urdbti ic Dbtgeum Xçeglib. [i d`virtgrä ib isti libþ qui cd ixprisgûb sirvgkgm (Zrglir sirvgkgm, [ieub`m sirvgkgm, itk.) kmrrispmb`i d lmlibtms `goiribtis `i cd kmlg`d. Zdrd ic prglir sirvgkgm si kmcmkd smhri cd lisd ub kmbnubtm `i pcdtms1 cms gbvgtd`ms kmlib cm qui `isidb, sgrvgçb`msi y kmrtdb`m cms ldbndris iccms lgslms. Prgbkfdr cms dcglibtms pirlgti d cd bmhcizd `i ispd`d lmstrdr sus fdhgcg`d`is ib cd lisd. Prds ic prglir sirvgkgm, si civdbtd cd lisd y si vuicvi d pmbir pdrd mtrd sirgi `i ldbndris ccdld`d sieub`m sirvgkgm y dsì sukisgvdlibti pdrd cms `gstgbtms sirvgkgms `i kmlg`d. Ib isds erdb`is kmlg`ds, ib ic lmlibtm `i `ispindr cd lisd, drtgstds, ldcdhdrgstds kdbtdbtis (trmvd`mris m trmvirms), hdgcdrgbis, dbgldb ic tgilpm tg ilpm luirtm qui sipdrd `ms sirvgkgms> si trdtd `ic ibtrilçs. [g hgib d pdrtgr `ic Xibdkglgibtm, ubd kmlg`d kmlprib`i tris sirvgkgms, `ms pdrd kmkgbd y ubm  pdrd ic pmstri, dc ogbdc `i cd I`d` Li`gd Li`gd pm`ìd fdhir kudtrm, kgbkm m gbkcusm gbkcusm sigs.

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odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

Zmr ism, cd cgstd `i pcdtms sirvg`ms ib ubd kmlg`d d cd ordbkisd bm pui`i kmbsg`irdsi kmlm ub libþ kmbtilpmräbim1 kd`d kmlibsdc bm kmbsuli mhcgedtmrgdlibti ubd pdrti `i kd`d pcdtm. D cm sulm, pgkmtid ub pmkm `i tm`m. Cds rikitds `i dquiccd çpmkd bm istäb, pmr mtrd pdrti, ri`dktd`ds `i ldbird qui pui`db luctgpcgkdr cms gberi`gibtis pdrd d`dptdrcms dc bþlirm `i gbvgtd`ms, sgbm qui kmrrispmb`ib d cd utgcgzdkgûb `ic icilibtm `i hdsi> cd cgihri, ic kmr`irm, ic pmccm, itk. Kudb`m ub hdbquiti kuibtd kmb ub erdb bþlirm `i gbvgtd`ms, si dulibtd, sglpcilibti, ic bþlirm `i pcdtms `i kd`d sirvgkgm. [i pui`i kmbstdtdr qui cd kmkgbd `i cd I`d` Li`gd kdriki `i fmrbm y `i omeûb. Fdy qui ldtgzdr istd dogrldkgûb, yd qui tm`ds cds vgvgib`ds bmhcis m hureuisds pmsiib ub fmrbm `i pdb luy utgcgzd`m pmr cms kmkgbirms pdrd cds tmrtds y cms ocdbis. Zmr mtrd pdrti, kmlm gb`gkd ic lgslm _gmccit-ci-@uk, d pdrtgr `ic sgecm VGGG dpdrikib dpdrik ib cms omembis ubd kmbstrukkgûb `i cd`rgccms kmb fuikms ccibms `i hrdsds smhri cms qui si kmcmkdb cds ldrlgtds. Kmlpdrd`m kmb buistrds kmkgbds dktudcis, isti erdb iqugpdlgibtm kuibtd kmb ub ldtirgdc  hdstdbti ru`glibtdrgm. Zdrd ilpizdr, sdrtibis sdrtibis y kdzms, kdkirmcds `i ldbem ldbem luy cdrem, kdc`irms `i tris pgis dbtipdsd`ms `i buistrds mccds, tdrtirds ib cds qui si kuikib tdrtds m pdtçs, y pmr ogb erdb`is ldrlgtds `i cdtûb kmb dsds qui si ibedbkfdhdb ib cd kfglibid, qui d`qugirib ib ordbkçs, ic bmlhri eibçrgkm `i `gbdb`irgk pmrqui @gbdbt (kgu`d` `i Hçcegkd) istdhd ispikgdcgzd`d ib su odhrgkdkgûb Prds istd räpg`d vgsgtd d cds kmkgbds, si kmlprib`i linmr cd rdzûb pmr cd kudc cds rikitds `i istd çpmkd sûcm utgcgzdb kudtrm `i kmkkgûb> ic dsd`m, ic tris firvg`m (kmkkgûb kmbkcdrd, deud kmbvgibi ib dhub`dbkgd), cd orgturd y iclm`ms hrdsid`m. [g cd präktgkd `i cms prglirms pdriki Zmr ic kmbtrdrgm ixpcgkdr cd kudrtd. Ib ridcg`d`, Pdgccivibt bm utgcgzd bubkd cd pdcdhrd hrdsidr  pirm kudb`m si lgrdb dtibtdlibti sus rikitds `i pmtdnis, si vi qui si trdtd läs hgib `i kdrbis  hrdsid`ds m `i istmod`ms. Dceubds Dceubds smpds cgedbtis d`qugirib, d`qugirib,  pmr mtrd pdrti ic ic bmlhri `i "kgvç" kmlm kmlm .kgvç `i pdndrgtms, pdndrgtms, m ic –kgv –kgvçç `i cgihri“. [g cd utgcgzdkgûb

`ic fmrbm si cglgtd d cd kmkkgûb `i cds tmrtds, Pdgccivibt ixpcgkd kûlm kmkgbdr cms pdtçs, lmc`iäb`mcms ibtri `ms tdrtirds qui si litib ibtri cds hrdsds `i cd kfglibid. Ib cds mhrds `i cd I`d` Li`gd cds sdcsds tgibib kdsg sgilpri kmlm hdsi cìqug`ms `i sdhmr äkg`m> vgbderi, zulm `i cglûb, `i bdrdbnds m ``ii ermsiccds ib cms kudcis si `gsuicvib `gsuicvib m sglpcilibti si  pmbib ib suspibsgûb kgirtm bþlirm `i icilibtms drmlätgkms, `i `i cms qui Pdgccivibt bms  prmpmrkgmbd cd cgstd> nibeghri, kdbicd, kcdvm `i mcmr, erdbms erdbms `ic pdrdìsm, pglgibtd cdre cdred, d, ldkgs , ispikgds ib pmcvm, ocmr `i kdbicd, dzdoräb, dzdoräb, buiz lmskd`d pcdbtds drml drmlätgkds> ätgkds> dnm, piringc, kihmccitd... y dzþkdr m lgic, kmbsg`ird`ds ib dquiccd çpmkd kmlm ispikgds. ½Zmr quç tdbtds ispikgds ib cd kmkgbd li`givdc= Fdy tris tgpms `i ixpcgkdkgûb y pui`ib sir kmlpcilibtdrgds. Cd prglird is `i mr`ib smkgmcûegkm. Cd kmkgbd kuctd utgcgzd cds ispikgds  pmrqui smb kdrds y kmlm kmlm vgibib `i ub mrgibti lìtgkm istäb sglhûcgkdlibti sglhûcgkdlibti vdcmrgzd`ds. [u  prikgm `iluistrd ic `isdfmem `isdfmem ldtirgdc `i qugib cds kmbsuli, cd dusibkgd dusibkgd `i bikisg`d`. Gb`gkdb cd pmsgkgûb smkgdc `ic qui kmli. kmli. Cds `ms mtrds ixpcgkdkgmbis smb `i `i mr`ib tçkbgkm y edstrmbûlgkm. Cd sieub`d is cd läs kmbtrmvirtg`d. Cds ispikgds pm`rìdb fdhir tibg`m ub pdpic `i ibldskdrdlgibtm eustdtgvm y `i kmbsirvdkgûb. Erdkgds d cms c ms sdhmris ouirtis, fdhrìdb dtibud`m m iskmb`g`m ic ldc eustm `i cds kdrbis kmbsirvd`ds ib kmb`gkgmbis läs m libms kmrriktds, m cms `ioiktms eustdtgvms `i cms pdvms ridcis m kgsbis rivistg`ms kmb sus pculds.

5

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

 

Dceubms fgstmrgd`mris `i cd dcglibtdkgûb rikfdzdb istd fgpûtisgs ib hdsi d tris dreulibtms> 4.  Cd riecdlibtdkgûb lubgkgpdc `i cd çpmkd prmfghìd cd vibtd `i kdrbi läs `i tris `ìds `ispuçs `i cd ldtdbzd ib gbvgirbm y `i ub `ìd ib virdbm. 8.  Cds kdrbis `i cd I`d` Li`gd si kmlìdb läs oriskds qui fmy. @db oi `i iccm cms c ms riegstrms fgstûrgkms `i `iluistrdb ic fikfm `i qui cds kdrbis `i kdrbgkirìd si vib`ìdb kdsg tm`ds ic `ìd `i cd ldtdbzd. ;.  Cds tçkbgkds `i kmbsirvdkgûb li`givdcis irdb isibkgdclibti cd sdc, ic vgbderi, ic dkigti y cds ispikgds.  Cd tirkird rdzûb `i cd utgcgzdkgûb utgcgzdkgûb ldsgvd `i ispikgds pm`rìd pm`rìd sir `gitçtgkd y tirdpçutgkd.

Ic dreulibtm si dpmyd ib ic fikfm `i qui d kd`d ispikgd si dtrghuyi kudcg`d`is tirdpçutgkds ib ic `gskursm lç`gkm `i cd çpmkd. Tui`d pmr prieubtdrsi sg kudb`m si utgcgzdhdb cds ispikgds ib cd kmkgbd si fdkìd pmr rdzmbis lç`gkds m kmb ogbis eustdtgvms. Ib kudbtm dc ogbdc `i cd I`d` Li`gd, ic dbäcgsgs `i vdrgds virsgmbis ldbuskrgtds `ic _gdb`gir `i Pdgccivibt qui bms fdb ccied`m, gbkgtd d cm pru`ibkgdc pmrqui cd cgstd `i ispikgds ib ubd lgsld rikitd vdrìd `i ubd virsgûb d mtrd. Cd ixprisgûb kmb cd qui dkdhdb kmb lukfd orikuibkgd cds rikitds (ispikgds ib i b prmousgûb) `ind  pibsdr qui cds ispikgds ib kdbtg`d` irdb cd riecd prgbkgpdc. [g hgib istm bm ixkcuyi ixkcuyi qui fdydb  pm`g`m nuedr ub pdpic ib cd `gitçtgkd `i cd çpmkd, pdriki `goìkgc qui Pdgccivibt fdyd puistm ib  präktgkd ubd kgibkgd `i cds ispikgds luy smogstgkd`d. Läs qui mpuistds m ixkcuyibtis, istds tris ixpcgkdkgmbis bms pdrikib bm sûcm kmlpdtghcis, sgbm tdlhgçb kmlpcilibtdrgds.

Xibdkglgibtm / cd ribmvdkgûb `i cd lisd [i kmbmki kmlm Xibdkglgibtm dc lmvglgibtm `i rivgtdcgzdkgûb qui si prm`unm ib cd kucturd ib Iurmpd Mkkg`ibtdc ibtri cms sgecms V_ y V_G. [glhmcgzd cd ridktgvdkgûb `ic kmbmkglgibtm y ic  prmerism trds cms sgecms `i `i kmbeicdlgibtm ib ic isquild istdhcikg`m ib cd I`d` L Li`gd. i`gd. Fgstûrgkdlibti, ic Xibdkglgibtm oui kmbtilpmräbim `i cd Ird `i cms @iskuhrglgibtms y cds kmbqugstds uctrdldrgbds. Istd "Ird" ldrkd ic kmlgibzm `i cd ixpdbsgûb lub`gdc `i cd kucturd iurmpid, kmb cms vgdnis pmrtueuisis y ic `iskuhrglgibtm `i Dlçrgkd, cm kudc rmlpi cd kmbkipkgûb li`givdc `ic lub`m, oub`dlibtdclibti eimkçbtrgkd. Ic Xibdkglgibtm kmlibzû ib Gtdcgd ib ic sgecm VG_ y si `goub`gû pmr ic ristm `i Iurmpd `urdbti cms sgecms V_ y V_G. Ib isti pirìm`m, cd ordelibtdrgd smkgi`d` oiu`dc `i cd I`d` Li`gd, kdrdktirgzd`d pmr ubd ikmbmlìd häsgkdlibti derìkmcd y ubd vg`d kucturdc i gbticiktudc `mlgbd`d  pmr cd Gecisgd, si trdbsomrlû ib ubd smkgi`d` `mlgbd`d prmerisgvdlibti prmerisgvdlibti pmr gbstgtukgmbis  pmcìtgkds kibtrdcgzd`ds, kmb ubd ikmbmlìd ikmbmlìd urhdbd y lirkdbtgc, ib cd qui si `isdrrmccû ic likibdzem `i cd i`ukdkgûb, `i cds drtis y `i cd lþsgkd. Ic `islilhrdlgibtm `i cd krgstgdb`d` y ic `isdrrmccm `i cms bdkgmbdcgslms, cd gbtrm`ukkgûb `i cd glpribtd, ibtri 40?: y 406:, y cd kmbsgeugibti `gousgûb `i cd kucturd ouirmb `i cd ldbm,  pmtibkgäb`msi lutudlibti, kmb cd rivmcukgûb mpird`d mpird`d ib ic lub`m `i cds g`ids. Ic Ic `itirlgbdbti, sgb ilhdrem, `i isti kdlhgm smkgdc y kucturdc oui ic `isdrrmccm ikmbûlgkm iurmpim, kmb cms prglirms dtgshms `ic kdpgtdcgslm lirkdbtgc. Ib isti kcgld kucturdc `i ribmvdkgûb suregû d prgbkgpgms `ic sgecm V_ ub ribdkglgibtm drtìstgkm ib Gtdcgd `i ilpuni ixtrdmr`gbdrgm. –Ib cm kmbkirbgibti dc drti `i cd kmkgbd, ib cd omrld `i ibtib`ir cms pcdkiris `i

cd lisd, cms gtdcgdbms `indrmb fuiccd `i su dvdsdccd`mrd gbocuibkgd. Oribti d cd hrutdcg`d` `islisurd`d `i cms hdbquitis li`givdcis, kmb su turhucibtd y `ispgcodrrd`mrd supirpmsgkgûb `i kdrbis y ispikgis, cms ocmribtgbms pristdrmb ricivdbkgd d prgbkgpgms `i kmr`urd y huib eustm gbusudcis fdstd ibtmbkis. Xiogbdlgibtm y sibsghgcg`d` kmlibzdrmb d kmbsg`irdrsi kudcg`d`is gb`gsmcuhcilibti ubg`ds dc `icigti edstrmbûlgkm.“ edstrmbûlgkm.“0 

0 Bmtds

`i kmkgbd `i Cimbdr`m `d _gbkg 1 [ficdef y Nmbdtfdb Xmutf. 4765

6

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

   

Xibdkglgibtm. 409:-4?0;  ZIXÌM@M[ W EXDB@I[ DKMBPIKGLGIBPM[ FG[PÛXGKM[   400: - Gbvibkgûb `i cd glpribtd 409: - Zrglird   glprisgûb `i cd hghcgd 4078  ‛    @iskuhrglgibtm `ic Buivm Lub`m pmr Krgstmhdc Kmcûb 4945  ‛ Zrglirds   tisgs `i Cutirm. 49;;  ‛ Ldtrglmbgm   `i Kdtdcgbd `i Li`gkgs y `ic outurm Ibrgqui GG 4958  ‛ Ldsdkri `i   [db Hdrtmcmlç 4967  ‛ Ibrgqui G_,   prglir Hmrhûb 4?::  ‛ Ldtrglmbgm   `i Ldrìd `i Li`gkgs y Ibrgqui G_   4976  ‛ I`gktm `i Bdbtis 4?80  ‛ 4?0; Cugs VGGG   kmb cd dyu`d `i Xgkficgiu, gbstdurd cd kibtrdcgzdkgûb lmbärqugkd.

PÇKBGKD[ KYCGBDXGD[ 

DXPI[ @I CD LI[D 

MHXD[ KYCGBDXGD[ W ED[PXMBÛLGKD[ 

-Ic tibi`mr, cd pmrkicdbd y cd krgstdcirìd fdkib

- Bms ccied `i Dlçrgkd ubd luctgtu` `i buivms prm`uktms

-Bulirmsds Glprisgmbis m rii`gkgmbis `i mhrds

cd dpdrgkgûb.

dcglibtdrgms (tmldtis/ ldìz/  nu`ìds/ pdpds/ kdoç/ kfmkmcdti/ itk)

li`givdcis.

-Ic dbogtrgûb (qugib gbvgtd) tgibi ub pdpic luy glpmrtdbti ib ic sirvgkgm. Ispikgdclibti ib ic kmrti `i cds kdrbis, inirkgkgm `urdbti ic kudc pui`i lmstrdr sglhûcgkdlibti ¨su `mlgbgm `i cds drlds¨

-Mcgvgir `i [irris> Ci Pfçdtri `°Dergkuc-turi, 4?::

-Cds kmkgbds, pirlgtib kmkkgmbis läs sudvis -[i ri`uki ic kmbsulm `i ispikgis -Cds tçkbgkds kucgbdrgds sgeuib sgib`m cds `i cd i`d` Li`gd. Ixkiptm cd pdsticirìd qui si `isdrrmccd hdnm cd gbocuibkgd Gtdcgdbd.

Cd erdb kmkgbd kcäsgkd y cms oistgbis `i cd Kmrti  Ib 4?94. Zgirri cd _dribbi puhcgkd Ci Kugsgbgir Ordbåmgs Ordbåmgs (ic kmkgbirm Ordbkçs), qui si pui`i kmbsg`irdr kmlm ic prglir cghrm `i kmkgbd ordbkisd. Lgibtrds qui ib ic sgecm V_G si kuibtd dpibds kmb dceubds rii`gkgmbis `i rikmpgcdkgmbis `i rikitds iskrgtds `urdbti cd I`d` Li`gd, ib cd sieub`d lgtd` `i cms sgecms V_GG y V_GGG si i`gtdb m rii`gtdb läs `i 8;: cghrms `i kmkgbd.

7

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

   

Bdkglgibtm `i cd Erdb Kmkgbd Ordbkisd. 4?0;-4549 ZIXÌM@M[ W EXDB@I[ DKMBPIKGLGIBPM[ FG[PÛXGKM[ 4?0;-4549.   Xigbd`m `i Cugs VG_

  4?0;-4??4



Ldzdrgb is ic lgbgstrm prgbkgpdc `i cd rieibkgd `urdbti cd lgbmrìd `i i`d` `i Cugs VG_

DXPI[ @I CD LI[D 

-Ic sirvgkgm d cd ordbkisd si ognd ib ; sirvgkgms -Cd istçtgkd `i cd lisd, is smhri tm`m, vgsudc.

kmbvgirtib kgu`d` ridc

-Cd sglitrìd y cd eimlitrìd rigbdb ib cd mredbgzdkgûb ib cd lisd. [glitrgd ib cd `gspmsgkgûb `i

I`d` `i Mrm ib Ordbkgd ib cm kucturdc y drtìstgkm

cms ldbndris y sglitrìd ib cms sirvgkgms.

  4??8. _irsdccis si



-4?50. [i dhri ic prglir kdoç, ¨Ci Zrmkmpi¨

PÇKBGKD[ KYCGBDXGD[ 

- Zmr prglird viz C.[.X. ixpcgkd cd tçkbgkd `i cd cgedzûb kmb fdrgbd, ibtri mtrds kmsds. -Cd bmkgûb `i sdcsd si dlpcìd y dpdrikib cms omb`ms `i sdcsds (nuems y kmucgs) -Dpdrgkgûb `i cms Xdemuts, kmlm kdtiemrìd kucgbdrgd (risuctd`m `ic `is`mhcdlgibtm `i

MHXD[ KYCGBDXGD[ W ED[PXMBÛLGKD[ 

-Ordbkmgs Cd _dribbi> Ci kugsgbgir Ordbkmgs 4?9: -Bgkmcds `i Hmbbiombs> Cis @çcgkis `i cd Kdlpdebi,4?90 -Zgrri `i Cubi> Ci Bmuvidu it Zdrodgt Ldgtri `‗ Fmtic Xmydc   -C.[.X> C‗ Drt `i hgib Prdgtir, 4?50

cms pmtdnis) -[i pmbib `i lm`d cds lmussis, dcglibtm `i cds hiccds edcdbtis qui `ihib pm`ir kmlirsi ivgtdb`m ic ispiktäkucm ermsirm `i cd ldstgkdkgûb

Kmb – Ci Kugsgbgir Xmydci Xmydci it Hureimgs Hureimgs““ (Ic kmkgbirm Xidc y Hureuçs) `i Ldssgdcmt, prglird mhrd

`i kmkgbd ib Zmr omrld `i `gkkgmbdrgm, si ib pui`i sieugr cd kmkgbdd ib cd ibkrukgnd`d `i istms sgecms. prglird viz dpdriki ic tìtucm `icdubivmcukgûb cghrm ubd `i rioiribkgd cd hureuisìd, sgebm `i cms tgilpms. Ic hureuçs kmlgibzd d kmpgdr d cms bmhcis ib su ldbird `i vgvgr y kmlir. Istd dktgtu` sirä ub lmtmr `ic `isdrrmccm `i cd edstrmbmlìd ordbkisd. Hdnm cd `mhci gbocuibkgd `i cd vg`d `i cd kmrti y cd hþsqui`d dcquìlgkd `i cd piroikkgûb pmr pdrti `i cms kmkgbirms, cd kmkgbd ordbkisd kmbmkirä ub `isdrrmccm y riogbdlgibtm kmbsg`irdhcis. Is dsì kmlm si pmbib `i ldbgogistm cms prgbkgpgms `i cd hdsi qui pirlgtgräb ic `isdrrmccm `i –ic erdb drti `i cd kmkgbd kcäsgkd“ ordbkisd `ic sgecm VGV.

4:

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

   

Cms Oistgbis `i cd Kmrti. 4549-4568 ZIXÌM@M[ W EXDB@I[ DKMBPIKGLGIBPM[ FG[PÛXGKM[

  4549-458;.



Xieibkgd `ic @uqui `i Mrcidbs.

-Ic sirvgkgm d cd ordbkisd, dckdbzd ic riogbdlgibtm ixtrilm.

  458;-4550.



Xigbd`m `i Cugs V_

  455;-4574



Xigbd`m `i Cugs V_G

-[i istdhcikib cds riecds `i priilgbibkgd qui fdkib `i cd lisd ic riocinm `i cd smkgi`d`.

  455? Dhmcgkgûb `i



cds kmrpmrdkgmbis

  456:-4567 ordbkgd



vgvi ib ubd sirgi krgsgs ikmbûlgkd qi cms riomrld`mris, Puremt y Bikair smb gbkdpdkis `i rismcvir.

PÇKBGKD[ KYCGBDXGD[ 

DXPI[ @I CD LI[D 

-Cms utibsgcgms si `isdrrmccdb i gb`gvg`udcgzdb. -_ir`d`irm çxgtm `i cms kdoçs qui si luctgpcgkdb `ìd d `ìd.

- Cms kmkgbirms, luy gbocuibkgd`ms pmr ic pibsdlgibtm dcquìlgkm trdtdb `i dgscdr ic prgbkgpgm säpg`m `i cms dcglibtms y riogbdb kd`d viz läs sus sdcsds. -Ic rispitm pmr ic eustm `ic dcglibtm `i hdsi, si kmbvgirti ib ub prgbkgpgm. Cds ispikgds si vuicvib kd`d viz läs `gskritds. - Cms erdb`is kmkgbirms `i`gkdb d sus ldistrms m d sus fuçspi`is glpmrtdbtis. Is ic kmlgibzm `i cds `ibmlgbdkgmbis kucgbdrgds.

MHXD[ KYCGBDXGD[ W ED[PXMBÛLGKD[ 

-Ldssgdcmt> Ci Kugsgbgir Xmydc it Hmureimgs, 47?4 -Ldssgdcmt> Ci Bmuvidu Kugsgbgir Xmydc it Hmureimgs,4548 -_gkibt Cd Kfdpici> Ci Kugsgbgir Lm`irbi,  45;7 -Ldrgb> Cis @mbs `i Kmlus mu cis @icgkis `i Pdhci, 45;7

Cis [mupirs `i -Libmb> cd Kmur, 4599 Cd kugsgbgiri Hmureimgsi, 450?

-Kmlgibzdb d utgcgzdrsi cms prglirms omembis kmb fmedr.

Cd rivmcukgûb> Bdkglgibtm `i cd ristdurdkgûb Cd rivmcukgûb ordbkisd tib`rä gb`griktdlibti ubd erdb gbocuibkgd smhri cd edstrmbmlìd. Cms erdb`is kmkgbirms, dbtis dc sirvgkgm `i cd bmhcizd, si ibkuibtrdb oribti d `ms pmsghgcg`d`is> sieugr d sus dlms dc ixgcgm m huskdr ubd omrld `gstgbtd `i trdhdndr ib Ordbkgd. Dc dhmcgrsi ic sgstild `i kmrpmrdkgmbis, si cghird cd pmsghgcg`d` `i odhrgkdkgûb y kmlirkgdcgzdkgûb `i  prm`uktms `i kmlg`d ib omrld omrld gb`ipib`gibti. Istds `ms sgtudkgmbis smb smb ic lmtgvm prgbkgpdc `i ic istdhcikglgibtm y räpg`d luctgpcgkdkgûb `ic kmbkiptm `i ristdurdbti (pdcdhrd `ivibg`d `ic ristdurdr, oubkgûb prgbkgpdc `i cms eruisms kdc`ms qui si sgrvgirdb ib istms prglirms istdhcikglgibtms, cuedris `i pdsm pdrd ripmbir cds ouirzds) ib Ordbkgd, ixtib`gçb`msi `ispuçs  pmr Iurmpd y ic ristm `ic lub`m. lub`m.

44

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

   

Cd Xivmcukgûb> Bdkglgibtm `i cd Edstrmbmlìd y I`d` `i Mrm. 4568466: ZIXÌM@M[ W EXDB@I[ DKMBPIKGLGIBPM[ FG[PÛXGKM[

  4567- Pmld `i cd



Hdstgccd

DXPI[ @I CD LI[D 

- Cd cgtirdturd edstrmbûlgkd si prmpmbi gbgkgdr d cms buivms dlms `i cd huibd kmlg`d.

`i kmbsirvd.

  4577-Inikukgûb `i

  Mredbgzdkgûb `i

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Ordbkgd kmlm `ipdrtdlibtms

-Ic sirvgkgm d cd rusd dpdriki ib cms ristdurdbtis y ibtrd ib kmlpitibkgd kmb ic sirvgkgm d cd ordbkisd.

  46:0-Kmrmbdkgûb

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`i Bdpmciûb

  4646-46;:

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[ieub`d Xistdurdkgûb

  4640-4680-Xigbm

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`i Cugs V_GGG (@gxFugtris, @giz Mstrds, si ccdldb ib dquiccd çpmkd)

  4606 Icikkgûb `i

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Cugs Bdpmciûb pmr suordegm ubgvirsdc

  465: Ic sgtgm `i

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Zdrìs tirlgbd ib ubd `irrmtd kmbtrd Dcildbgd

MHXD[ KYCGBDXGD[ W ED[PXMBÛLGKD[ 

-Erglm` `i cd - Erdkgds d cds Xiybgiri> Ic `ibmlgbdkgmbis kucgbdrgds, ic bþlirm  Dcldbdqui `i cms `i rikitds, si Emcmsms, 46:8 y `isdrrmccd `i ldbird sgeugibtis. ixpmbibkgdc. -Erglm` `i cd Xiybgiri> Ic Ldbudc -Ic prgbkgpgm säpg`m `i cms dcglibtms si `i cms Dbogtrgmbis, 4749 dprmpgd `i ub bmlhri sgibtìogkm> ic -_gdr`> Ci Kugsgbgir msldzmlm. Glpirgdc,46:6 -Cd `ikmrdkgûb `i cms -D. Hiduvgccgirs. C°Drt pcdtms, si ridcgzd `i cd Kugsgbi,4640 smhri hrmquitds y zûkdcms pdrd cms -D.Hrgccdt-[dvdrgb> Cd ldbndris kdcgibtis. Zfysgmcmegi `u -[i pmbib ib Emut,4689 präktgkd rikitds ri`dktd`ds pdrd ubd -D. Kdrili> C'Drt `i cd kgirtd kdbtg`d` `i Kugsgbi du 47 æli kmlibsdcis y sgækci ,46;9 luctgpcgkdhcis sg is bikisdrgm. -B. Dppirt> Ci Kmbsirvdtiur , 4608 -Bgkmcds Dppirt `iskuhri ic sgstild -Y. @uhmgs y I.

-Dpirturd `i cms prglirms ristdurdbtis (4658 Hiduvgccirs)

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Cugs V_G

PÇKBGKD[ KYCGBDXGD[ 

-Cds `ibmlgbdkgmbis kucgbdrgds si vuicvib kdsg sgstilätgkds. -Ic ldgtri `°fmtic is ic pirsmbdni kibtrdc `ic ristdurdbti. Kulpci kmb ub pdpic pi`deûegkm pmrqui ibsiôd d cd hureuisìd ic drti `i vgvgr `i cd drgstmkrdkgd.

-Zuistd ib präktgkd `ic lçtm`m `i odhrgkdkgûb `i dzþkdr `i rilmcdkfd y `isdrrmccm `i cd pdsticirìd.

Kugsgbi Hirbdr`> , 46?5 KcdssgquiCd

-N. Emuooi> Ci cghri `i Kugsgbi, 46?5 -K. Lmbsicit> Cittris Emrldb`is, 4655

-Dpdrgkgûb `i cms prglirms omembis d eds.

48

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

 

[gecm VGV > Ic [gecm [g ecm `i mrm `i cd edstrmbmlìd Ordbkisd Ib ic sgecm VGV, si dogrldb cms prgbkgpgms qui fdräb `i cd kmkgbd ordbkisd ic lm`icm `i cd edstrmbmlìd gbtirbdkgmbdc. Zdrd ilpizdr, si kmbstdtdb kdlhgms prmoub`ms ib cd c d mredbgzdkgûb `i cd lisd. D kdusd `i ixgeibkgds kmlirkgdcis y smkgmcûegkds, si dhdb`mbd ic odstumsm sirvgkgm d cd ordbkisd pdrd d`mptdr ubd omrld lds geudcgtdrgd pirm bm pmr iccm libms hrgccdbti> ic sirvgkgm d cd rusd. Istd lm`gogkdkgûb ib cd omrld `i sirvgr tib`rä erdb`is ripirkusgmbis smhri ic ttrdhdnm rdhdnm `i kmkgbd, ispikgdclibti ib cm qui riogiri d cd `ikmrdkgûb `i cms pcdtms. _ib`ir ubd kmlg`d kmb sirvgkgm d cd ordbkisd bm pcdbtid vir`d`irms prmhcilds. [gilpri qui sid ibkdred`d kmb dbticdkgûb y qui ic bulirm `i gbvgtd`ms sid glpmrtdbti. ½Zirm kmlm pripdrdr y smhritm`m odkturdr cds kmlg`ds glprmvgsd`ds pdrd pmkms kuhgirtms, qui kmbstgtuyib cd ldymrìd `i cd kcgibticd `i ub ristdurdbti= Cds ixgeibkgds kmlirkgdcis glpmbib räpg`dlibti cd vibtd `i cds kmlg`ds pcdtm pmr pcdtm. W dsì dpdriki cd kdrtd. D ogbdcis `ic sgecm VGV y kmlgibzms `ic sgecm VV si dsgsti d ubd dcgdbzd ibtri ic drti y cd kgibkgd, ibtri cd tikbmcmeìd y ic sdhir fdkir. Ldrkdb kcdrdlibti ic trgubom `i cds prdktgkds `ic ristdurdbti pmrqui cd cgtirdturd y ic pirgm`gslm edstrmbûlgkm, qui d`qugirib erdb glpmrtdbkgd, `grgeib cd dtibkgûb `i cd dktudcg`d` fdkgd cms ristdurdbtis, dcibtdb`m y fdkgib`m pþhcgkds cd riocixgûb y cds kridkgmbis. Ic istgcm cgtirdrgm emcmsm y cd krìtgkd edstrmbûlgkd dckdbzdb su dpmeim oub`d`m pmr cd rivgstd edstrmbûlgkd Ci Emurlit ib ic dôm 4696. Fdkgd ogbdcis `ic sgecm VGV bdki ic turgslm, hdsd`m ub pmkm ib cd bmstdcegd `i cd vg`d pdcdkgied. Cd dctd smkgi`d` vd `i fmtic `iy cunm ib cds fmtic `i cunm. [i `iskuhri cd Kmstd (hdsd`m ib ic `iskuhrglgibtm usm `i deuds tirldcis) y pmkmyd `isdrrmccd pmkm `i drrdged ubdDzuc vir`d`ird gb`ustrgd fmticird. W `i su ldbm, cms lm`dcis y ic eustm ordbkçs, ib ldtirgd `i kmlg`d, si kmbvgirtib ib pdrd`geld gbtirbdkgmbdc. Dueusti Iskmoogir km`gogkd cd kmkgbd . D trdvçs `i ub erdb lmvglgibtm, d cd viz `i sglpcgogkdkgûb, `i dcgeirdlgibtm y `i `isdrrmccm `i rikitds, gbgkgd ubd riistrukturdkgûb `i cd kmkgbd kcäsgkd pdrd d`dptdrcd, d`dptdrcd, kmlm ic lgslm `gki, –d cms glpirdtgvms `i cd vg`d dktgvd `i cd kcgibticd `i cd çpmkd“. [u dpmrti oub`dlibtd c sirä cd omrldcgzdkgûb `i cd kgibkgd kucgbdrgd.

@mtdrä d cd kmkgbd kmb ubd kcdsgogkdkgûb smogstgkd`d, qui pirlgtgrä cd luctgpcgkdkgûb `ic bþlirm `i oûrlucds.

4;

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

Çpmkd Lm`irbd > Cd Bmuvicci Kugsgbi , cd ristdurdkgûb y ic duei `ic turgslm, cds kmkgbds riegmbdcis. [g ib ic lmlibtm `i cd I`d` `i mrm `i cd edstrmbmlìd, Zdrìs ird ic kibtrm krid`mr `i cd kmkgbd, cd prglird lgtd` `ic sgecm VV istä ldrkd`d pmr cd ubgûb ibtri ic turgslm y cd edstrmbmlìd. Ib ic kmrdzûb `i Ordbkgd si huskdb dfmrd cms tismrms edstrmbûlgkms `iskug`d`ms `urdbti cdrem tgilpm. Dc gtgbirdrgm butrgtgvm `i Zdrìs `i Erglm` `i cd Xiybgæri, suki`i dfmrd cd euìd Lgkficìb ,kmb ic çxgtm qui si cd kmbmki. Cd erdb kmkgbd huskd su gbspgrdkgûb ib cds kmkgbds pmpucdris y

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odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

  

 hureuisds `i cds riegmbis ordbkisds, y ib cms dchireuis odlgcgdris, qui räpg`dlibti si kmbvgirtib ib tilpcms `i cd edstrmbmlìd, y dsì si pripdrd cd ribmvdkgûb `i cd kmkgbd ordbkisd.9 

Cms libþs `i `ieustdkgûb – Kudb`m ib 476; ccieuç dc Huccg, `iskuhrì qui ixgstìd ubd ldbird `i sirvgr cd kmlg`d qui

rispmb`ìd dc bmlhri `i libþ `ieustdkgûb (pmstirgmrlibti si fdb utgcgzd`m mtrds `ibmlgbdkgmbis, kmlm libþ `i pristgegm, libþ edstrmbûlgkm , itk.). @urdbti lukfms dôms sirvì ib lg ristdurdbti libþ `i `ieustdkgûb, sgb riocixgmbdr dkirkd `ic sibtg`m `ic lgslm, tdc viz pmrqui tm`ms cms ristdurdbtis iurmpims `ic lmlibtm, d kmbsikuibkgd `i cd gbbmvdkgmbis gbtrm`ukg`ds pmr cd Bmuvicci kugsgbi, cm fdkìdb, y cd lm`d ldrkdhd cd kmbvibgibkgd `i kmbtdr kmb istd pmsghgcg`d`. Bm mhstdbti, kmb ic tgilpm lg mpgbgûb smhri ic tild oui ld`urdb`m, y ib cd dktudcg`d` pui`m morikir cds sgeugibtis riocixgmbis dc rispiktm>

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 Xisulib tmld`m `i “ Fgstmrgd `i cd Kmkgbd y cms Kmkgbirms“ I`lmb` Bigrgka Bigrgka y N. Zduc Zmucd 8::4 

49

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

   

4.- Ic libþ `ieustdkgûb tgibi qui sir ubd ogcmsmoìd y ub sibtglgibtm mrgibtd`ms dc lm`m `i fdkir oicgz d ubd pirsmbd kmlgib`m. 8.- Bm is mhcgedtmrgm fdkir ub libþ `i `ieustdkgûb. Zdrd mptdr pmr istd vìd ,is bikisdrgm tibir cms li`gms bikisdrgms (iqugpms, gbstdcdkgmbis, pirsmbdc) y kriir vir`d`irdlibti ib istd omrld `i kmlir. ;.- [i `ihi kdckucdr luy hgib cd kdbtg`d` `i kmlg`d qui si sgrvi. @urdbti lukfms dôms si fdb ridcgzd`m libþs kdrdktirgzd`ms pmr cd iskdsd kdbtg`d` `i kmlg`d. 0.- Cms libþs tgibib qui sirvgrsi kmb ub rgtlm d`ikud`m. Yb libþ qui si sgrvi luy cibtm (sdcvm qui dsì cm `isiib cm kmlibsdcis) pui`i cciedr d sir pisd`ìsglm, dubqui kd`d pcdtm sid ixkicibti. 9.- Ib Ispdôd ixgsti ib kgirtd omrld ub oibûlibm pdrdcicm, cds tdpds. Wm sgibtm ubd erdb `ihgcg`d` pmr iccds y fdki lukfm tgilpm qui ricdkgmbç dlhms lm`ms `i kmlir. ?.- Ib lg mpgbgûb, ic läxglm ixpmbibti `i cd edstrmbmlìd kmbsgsti ib gr kmlgib`m lgibtrds ic kmkgbirm sgrvi kmbtgbudlibti buivms pcdtms kmb ubd drlmbìd, ubd kridtgvg`d` y ub rgtlm d`ikud`m. 5.- Cms libþs `ieustdkgûb pui`ib morikir ub prmhcild. @d`m qui kmbtgibib lukfms prm`uktms, si pui`i `dr ic kdsm `i qui d kgirtms kcgibtis bm ci derd`ib dceubms `i iccms. Cm linmr qui  pui`i fdkir ic kmkgbirm is prieubtdr prieubtdr dkirkd `i sus eustms ib rioiribkgd rioiribkgd d cms prm`uktms lds ?    prmhcilätgkms.“ Derieuilms d istds, ib rioiribkgd dc kursm, qui d ldymr kdbtg`d` `i prm`uktms y pdsms ib ic libþ, cd ri` `i prmvii`mris ,cd kdbtg`d` `i pirsmbdc y iqugpdlgibtm, sirä lds kmlpcind. D`iläs, cd ribmvdkgûb `i pcdtms m pdsms `ibtrm `ic libþ ixgei ub dctm bgvic `i kridtgvg`d` y kmbstdbkgd ib ic `isdrrmccm `i buivds prmpuistds i gbvistgedkgûb `i buivds tçkbgkds y tikbmcmeìds.

Dtibkgmb dc kcgibti  Kd`d kcgibti ispird sir sirvg`m kmlm sg smcdlibti ic si ibkmbtrdrd `ibtrm `ic istdhcikglgibtm. Dc lmlibtm `i ivdcudr ic sirvgkgm `i omrld eibirdc, isti dspiktm psgkmcûegkm inirki geudc glpmrtdbkgd qui cd kdcg`d` `i cd kmlg`d y cds hihg`ds. Pibgib`m ib kuibtd cm dbtirgmr, is glpmrtdbti ibtib`ir qui dquiccd kmlg`d qui si kmbsuli ouird `ic fmedr m `ic cuedr `i trdhdnm, `ihi pm`ir sdtgsodkir mtrm tgpm `i bikisg`d`is, d`iläs `ic sglpci `isim `i sdkgdr ic fdlhri y cd si`. Ybd `i istds bikisg`d`is qui ic kcgibti vd d huskdr sdtgsodkir is cd `i cd kmlubgkdkgûb. @i dfì, qui ic kmbtdktm ibtri ic pirsmbdc `i sirvgkgm y çsti tibed glpmrtdbkgd. Istm ixgei pmr cm tdbtm, `ic cd`m `i cms prmoisgmbdcis `i sirvgkgm tibir ub huib kmbmkglgibtm smhri cd bdturdcizd fuldbd, dc geudc qui cd kdpdkg`d` `i kmcmkdrsi ib ic cuedr `i mtrds pirsmbds y tdlhgçb, kmbtdr kmb ic `mb `i cd `gpcmldkgd. Ixgstib mtrds `ms odkuctd`is gb`gspibsdhcis ib ic lub`m `ic sirvgkgm, cds kudcis smb>   Ic pm`ir g`ibtgogkdrsi kmb ic kcgibti

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  –Cms [ikritms `ic Huccg ‛ rikitds, ‛ rikitds, tikbgkds y riocixgmbis . Oirrdb D`rgê I`. Dctdzd Dctd zd 4775“  4775“ 

4?

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

   

  Ic tdktm

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Dlhds dc sir puistds ib präktgkd vdb d fdkir sibtgr dc kcgibti kmlm sg isti ouird ic kibtrm `i dtibkgûb `i tm`m ic pirsmbdc `i sirvgkgm `ibtrm `ic istdhcikglgibtm. Is luy oäkgc dprib`ir d sirvgr kmrriktdlibti, pirm cd kdcg`d` `ic vir`d`irm sirvgkgm istä ib ic vdcmr deried`m, is `ikgr, ib cms piquiôms `itdccis qui kmlpcilibtdb ic drti `ic sirvgr. Ic pirsmbdc `i sirvgkgm ioiktþd ub trdhdnm `i lirkd`im dc ldbtibir ub kmbtdktm `griktm kmb cms kcgibtis, yd cms dkmlpdôdb `is`i su ccied`d fdstd cd sdcg`d, `ûb`i d cd viz si isouirzd pmr  prmpmbir cmsqui prm`uktms qui ccibdb qui sus bikisg`d`is.

Krgtirgm `i icikkgûb `i cms kcgibtis  Ic prgbkgpdc krgtirgm `i icikkgûb `i ub kcgibti d cd fmrd `i iskmeir ub ristdurdbti fd sg`m `is`i fdki lukfm tgilpm y kmbtgbþd sgib`m, cd kmbkmr`dbkgd ibtri cd kdcg`d` `ic prm`uktm y sirvgkgm qui rikghi y ic prikgm qui `ihi pdedr pmr istm. Ibtrdb ib nuiem tdbtm dspiktms mhnitgvms kmlm cd oriskurd `i cms prm`uktms, cd rdpg`iz y dldhgcg`d` `ic sirvgkgm, ibtri mtrms. Kmlm tdlhgçb, dspiktms suhnitgvms cms kudcis si riogirib dc dlhgibti `ic cmkdc, cd `ikmrdkgûb, itk. Cm qui vir`d`irdlibti kuibtd dc ogbdc, is qui ic kcgibti pdsi ub huib lmlibtm. W ib vgstd `i qui bgbeþb cuedr tib`rä cd kdpdkg`d` `i morikir dhsmcutdlibti tm`ds cds pmsghgcg`d`is ib dcglibtms y  hihg`ds1 is rikmlib`dhci `itirl `itirlgbdr gbdr kudc is ic pubtm krìtgkm `i çxgtm `ic istdhcikgl istdhcikglgibtm, gibtm, dquiccm qui cm `goiribkgd `i cms `iläs, cm kudc tdlhgçb grä dkmlpdôd`m `i ub istgcm prmpgm, Istms dspiktms bubkd si `ihib pir`ir `i vgstd.

Ib kudbtm dc sirvgkgm  Pdbtm ib ub ristdurdbti kmlm ib ivibtms ic vib`ir y sirvgr kmlg`d y hihg`ds riqugirib `i ub  pirsmbdc d`ikud`m. Kmb ic ogb `i `iogbgr ic tçrlgbm –sirvgkgm“ is glpmrtdbti dbdcgzd dbdcgzdrr quç is cm qui cms kcgibtis ispirdb

`i ubd pirsmbd qui trdhdnd ib ub sdcûb, cm kudc is>          

Ispìrgtu `i sirvgkgm. [mkgdhgcg`d`> qui is cd kdpdkg`d` `i kmlubgkdr y cd dptgtu` `i `gdcmedr. Cd primkupdkgûb pmrqui cms kcgibtis istçb hgib> ic `isim `i sdtgsodkir. Dpdrgibkgd bdturdc y hgib kug`d`d. Huib fulmr, nmvgdcg`d` y pdkgibkgd.

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Odkgcg`d` pdrd gbspgrdr kmbogdbzd. Ybd bdturdcizd qui gbspgri ordbquizd, sglpdtìd y kdcg`iz. Dtibkgûb y rdpg`iz. Kdpdkg`d` `i kridr ub dlhgibti d`ikud`m.

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Yb sirvgkgm bm kmlpitibti, bg kmrtçs `gslgbuyi sibsghcilibti ic ioiktm qui pui`d prmpmrkgmbdr ubd kmlg`d hgib pripdrd`d y prisibtd`d. Cms kdldrirms bm smb sglpcilibti pmrtd`mris `i pcdtms, istd tdrid pm`rìd sir ioiktud`d d`ikud`dlibti pmr gbstrulibtms likäbgkms. Iccms smb dbti tm`m gbtirli`gdrgms, cm kudc glpcgkd cd inikukgûb `i ub erupm `i sirvgkgms ixtrds y `i piquiôds dtibkgmbis `itirlgbdbtis pdrd cd sdtgsodkkgûb `i cms kcgibtis. Ic kcgibti `isid ub sirvgkgm kmlpitibti pmr ic `gbirm qui istä  pdedb`m, kmb kdldrirms qui tibedb tibedb kmbmkglgibtms y dptgtu`is. Ic ccivdr d`ikud`dlibti istd dktgvg`d` riqugiri `i ubd dpribsgûb pmsgtgvd `i cd vg`d y `i cms kcgibtis, yd qui cd dktgtu` y ic trdtm `i cms kdldrirms kmbtrghuyib ib erdb pdrti d cd gbstdurdkgûb 45

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

   

`i ub huib dlhgibti. Istm þctglm tdlhgçb risuctdrä `i ub huib trdhdnm ib iqugpm y `i pirsmbds qui istçb vir`d`irdlibti lmtgvd`ds. Cm dbtirgmr þbgkdlibti si pui`i ridcgzdr ib ilprisds qui prdktgquib ubd pmcìtgkd y ogcmsmoìd `ûb`i si rispiti d su pirsmbdc.

Kmlm ldbindr cms rikcdlms   Lukfds vikis kudb`m cms kcgibtis si vib ib cd mhcgedkgûb `i ioiktudr ub rikcdlm m krìtgkd, bm cm fdkib d`ri`i. Ib dceubds mkdsgmbis tilib quindrsi y pir`ir ic derd`m `i cd pirsmbd d qugib ci rikcdldb. @is`i ub pubtm `i vgstd psgkmcûegkm pui`i tdlhgçb sir kmstmsm, yd qui d vikis vdb d bikisgtdr vdcirsi `i hdstdbti kmrdni pdrd ixprisdr cm qui pgibsdb. Zdrd cd pirsmbd qui hrgb`d ic sirvgkgm tdlhgçb si kmbvgirti ib ubd sgtudkgûb `goìkgc i gbkmlm`d, yd qui d bd`gi ci derd`d sdhir qui cms kcgibtis bm istäb kmbomrlis kmb cms sirvgkgms qui si morikib. Pdlhgçb vdb d tilir qui ic kcgibti si lmcisti `i omrld pirldbibti y ccieui dc pubtm `i pmbir ubd `ildb`d, bubkd läs vmcvir dc istdhcikglgibtm, m hgib, fdkir ldcd puhcgkg`d` `ic lgslm. Ic mhnitgvm sirä ibtmbkis, dprib`ir d trdtdr ic rikcdlm `i cd ldbird libms pirnu`gkgdc pmsghci  pdrd ic kcgibti, `mb`i ic pirsmbdc `i sirvgkgm dprib`irä dbti tm`m d rikmbmkir ic irrmr sg çsti `i vir`d` si fd prisibtd`m y tdlhgçb, d ldbindr dc kcgibti y ic lgi`m d kmlitir irrmris. Fdy qui ibtib`ir qui tdcis tilmris bm dpmrtdb bgbeþb hibiogkgm d cd fmrd `i trdhdndr `gdrgdlibti. Ic ridkkgmbdr nustdlibti d ub rikcdlm, d ubd quind, d ubd gbqugitu` m d ub ldcibtib`g`m, si kmbstgtuyi kmlm ubd omrld läs `i pristdr ub sirvgkgm `ibtrm `i tm`m ub kmbnubtm `i cms lgslms qui istd gb`ustrgd prmvii.

Dc ldbindr ub rikcdlm si `ihiräb tibir ib kuibtd cms sgeugibtis pubtms>                

 

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Iskukfdr kmb dtibkgûb y trdtdr `i pmbirsi ib cd sgtudkgûb `ic kcgibti. Pmldr ubd dktgtu` sirgd, kmr`gdc y ordbkd. @i`gkdrci ub tgilpm pru`ibti.  Bm tmldr ic rikcdlm ib omrld omrld pirsmbdc. Iskukfdr sgb gbtirrulpgr y ldbtibir ic kmbtdktm vgsudc Fdkirci sdhir dc kcgibti qui si cdlibtd ic qui fdyd pdsd`m ub ldc rdtm. Kudb`m si trdtd `i ubd sgtudkgûb luy `icgkd`d y bm is pmsghci smcukgmbdrcd ubm lgslm, is linmr ccdldr dc supirgmr. Kudb`m ic prmhcild gbvmcukrd dc supirgmr, is bikisdrgm fdkirci sdhir gbli`gdtdlibti cm qui  pdsd y smcdlibti kudb`m yd tm`m pdsû, si ci pui`i prieubtdr dkirkd dkirkd `i cd `ikgsgûb tmld`d. Ib dquiccds sgtudkgmbis qui smb ldbind`ds pmr ubm lgslm, fdy qui prieubtdr `griktdlibti dc kcgibti kmb ic ogb `i dkcdrdr tm`ds cds `u`ds y dsì, pm`ir ibkmbtrdr ubd smcukgûb. Ic rikcdlm fdy qui trdtdr `i drriecdrcm cm läs prmbtm pmsghci pirm sg dcem si kmlpcgkd, fdy qui huskdr cd ldbird `i kmlpibsdr cm mkurrg`m. Zrglirdlibti, dbtis `i ripdrdr ic `dôm fdhrä qui kmbsuctdr kmb ic supirgmr y prmsieugr sieþb cm qui çsti gb`gqui. Dtibkgûb kmb isds sgtudkgmbis puis d vikis ic morikir ub kdoç m ubd kibd bm is suogkgibti. Kudb`m ub rikcdlm is gbnustgogkd`m m bm tgibi t gibi rdzûb sir, fdy qui pirldbikir trdbqugcm, kmrtçs y ixpcgkdrci dc kcgibti pmr quç bm is pmsghci kmlpcdkir su pitgkgûb. Ybd viz qui cms irrmris si fdb smcukgmbd`m, is glpmrtdbti mhtibir cd mpgbgûb `ic kcgibti y `gskucpdrsi buivdlibti.

Is bikisdrgm ivgtdr cm sgeugibti  

Xispmb`ir gbsmcibtilibti y dczdb`m cd vmz. 46

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

   

   

Pmldr ubd dktgtu` drrmedbti gbkmlm`db`m dc kcgibti. Fdkir sibtgr ldc dc kcgibti kmb rispiktm d sus eustms, `äb`mci d ibtib`ir qui bm tgibi ldymr kmbmkglgibtm ib kudbtm d edstrmbmlìd, sirvgkgm m itgquitd y prmtmkmcm.

[g hgib bd`gi is piroiktm, fdy qui tibir ib kuibtd cms sgeugibtis pubtms>                 

 Bm kmlitir ic lgslm irrmr `ms `ms vikis.  Bm kmlpmrtdrsi d cd `ioibsgvd. `ioibsgvd. Iskukfdr, dbdcgzdr y dktudr. Fdy qui gbomrldr dc supirgmr dbtis `i tmldr kudcqugir li`g`d.  Bubkd pmbir ib ivg`ibkgd cms irrmris `i mtrms kmcieds (kmkgbd, sirvgkgm, ibtri mtrms) Cd dldhgcg`d` is ubd kmb`gkgûb glpcìkgtd ib ic quifdkir `ic sirvgkgm, bm is ub ixtrd. Ivgtdr cd gb`goiribkgd m cd suskiptghgcg`d`. Fdy qui pirldbikir mhnitgvm, ldbtibir cd kdcld kdc ld y ixprisdr derd`ikglgibtm sgilpri.

Cms kcgibtis bm sgilpri tgibib cd rdzûb>   Dbtirgmrlibti, pmr cm eibirdc si ci `dhd cd rdzûb dc kcgibti sgb glpmrtdr sg cd tibìd m bm. Dceubms kcgibtis pritib`ib qui si cis kmrrgnd kudb`m kmlitib irrmris, pirm tm`m `ipib`i. Cm qui kuibtd is qui cms pubtms istçb ib kcdrm kmb fmbistg`d`, ordbquizd y ubd libti kmb `gspmsgkgûb. Kmlm hgib si sdhi, fdy pdcdhrds m ixprisgmbis qui pui`ib dyu`dr d ilpimrdr läs ubd `itirlgbd`d sgtudkgûb kcgibti lmcistm. Zmr ism, is glpmrtdbti usdr ub vmkdhucdrgm sibkgccm, i`ukd`m y kmbkgsm pdrdmivgtdr ldcds gbtirpritdkgmbis.

Kridb`m ubd gldeib `i ldrkd   Buistrd kdcg`d` `i sirvgkgm ri riocindrä ocindrä ubd gldeib `i ldrkd, ubd glprisgûb, ubd riputdkgûb qui kug`dr, ub pristgegm y/m ub bmlhri. Is `ikgr, kd`d ristdurdbti si fdki ubd riputdkgûb y pmr çstd is kmbmkg`m. [i krid ubd gldeib `iogbg`d d pdrtgr `i cms sgeugibtis krgtirgms, ibtri mtrms>   Cd kmlg`d oriskd.   Yb sirvgkgm räpg`m.   Yb dlhgibti derd`dhci.



  Ic pirsmbdc bms is kmbmkg`m.   Cd ricdkgûb rdzmbdhci ibtri prikgm y kdcg`d`, itk.

 

@i tdcis kdrdktirìstgkds si kridb mpgbgmbis, qui si `gvucedb `i pirsmbd d pirsmbd, pmr ism, tdlhgçb is glpmrtdbti cd gldeib qui si krid dc bgvic `i tirkirms.

Cd gldeib `i ldrkd ib cd ristdurdkgmb si krid pmr>            



Cd kdcg`d` ib ic sirvgkgm. Cd kdcg`d` `ic libþ y cd kdrtd `i vgbms m hihg`ds. Cd istçtgkd, `ikmrdkgûb y dlhgibti `ic cmkdc. Cd ricdkgûb ibtri prikgm y kdcg`d`. Ic pcdb `i lirkd`im y cd puhcgkg`d` utgcgzd`d.

47

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

   

Zdrd ogbdcgzdr, si pui`i piroiktdlibti dogrldr qui ic pirsmbdc `i sdcûb is ic pmrtd`mr pmr ixkicibkgd `i cd gldeib `i cd ldrkd `ic istdhcikglgibtm.

Kuistgmbdrgm 4 

4.  Libkgmbi kuäcis smb cms dspiktms qui ub kcgibti ispird `i ub kdldrirm, y pdrd kd`d ubm `i iccms `ç ub inilpcm `i kûlm si pmbib ib präktgkd. 8.  [g usti` is eiribti eibirdc `i ubd ilprisd y `isid ccivdr d dclmrzdr d ub glpmrtdbti erupm `i kcgibtis, ½quç krgtirgms tmldrìd ib kuibtd d cd fmrd `i iciegr ic ristdurdbti= ;.  Iskmnd 9 `goiribtis kdtiemrìds `i kcgibtis qui bm si fdydb libkgmbd`m privgdlibti y `ç ub inilpcm `i kûlm cms fdrìd sibtgr  hgibvibg`ms ib su istdhcikglgibtm. istdhcikglgibtm. 0.  Ib su mpgbgûb, ½pmr quç is glpmrtdbti kmbmkir cms `goiribtis tgpms `i kcgibtis qui pui`ib dsgstgr d ub ristdurdbti= 9.  ½Tuç dspiktms `i ub istdhcikglgibtm kmbsg`ird usti` qui vdb d tibir ub glpmrtdbti glpdktm ib cd prglird glprisgûb `i cms kcgibtis= ?.  ½Kuäc is cd `goiribkgd ibtri ubd dktgtu` pdsgvd y ubd dktgvd ib ub kdldrirm= 5.  [g usti` is kdldrirm `i ub glpmrtdbti ristdurdbti y ubd bmkfi ic istdhcikglgibtm istä luy ccibm, ub kcgibti cm kucpd `i fdhirsi tdr`d`m lukfm pdrd dtib`ircm y `urdbti ic sirvgkgm `i cd kmlg`d. ½Kûlm rismcvirìd istd sgtudkgûb= (Ysti` sdhi qui sg tdr`û, pirm smhritm`m pmrqui cd kmkgbd si `gcdtû ib sdkdr cms pcdtms y cuiem, c uiem, cd kdnird tdlhgçb si ritrdsû dc ibtriedrci cd kuibtd)

8:

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

 

Ldtirgdc `i [irvgkgm 4.  8.  ;.  0.  9.  ?.  5. 

_dngccd Kuhirtirìd Krgstdcirìd Cmzd m pmrkicdbd Ldbticirìd Lmhgcgdrgm Icilibtms vdrgms

Xiecds y prgbkgpgms eibirdcis `i cd lgsi ib pcdki   Ib kudbtm d cd `gspmsgkgûb `i sirvgkgm y sirvgccitds istms si uhgkdb `ç dkuir`m kmb cd kmlpmsgkgûb `ic libþ. Dc cd`m gzqugir`m g zqugir`m `i cd sirvgccitd bubkd si kmcmkdb läs `i tris sirvgkgms m `ms sirvgkgms `i cd lgsld omrld m tdldôm (d ixkipkgûb `i `ms tibi`mris erdb`is) D cd `irikfd `i cd sirvgccitd bubkd si uhgkdb läs `i kudtrm sirvgkgms m `ms sirvgkgms `i cd lgsld omrld y tdldôm. Drrghd `i cd sirvgccitd bubkd si sgtþdb läs `i `ms sirvgkgms m `ms sirvgkgms `i cd lgsld omrld m tdldôm. Xioiribti d cds kmpds, bubkd si uhgkdb läs `i kudtrm kmpds, bg tdlpmkm `ms kmpds `i cd lgsld omrld m tdldôm. Cds kmpds smb uhgkd`ds pmr mr`ib `i tdldôm y sgilpri si kmcmkd ubd kmpd `i deud (kmb ixkipkgûb `i ubd kmlg`d kmb kfdlpdebi) [g ic libþ ixgei läs kuhgirtms m kmpds, istms si vdb d uhgkdr uhgk dr smhri cd istdkgûb `i sirvgkgm (`ibtrm `ic sdcûb), smhri ub pcdtm m hdb`ind (ib ic kdsm `i vdsms) y ibvuictms ib ubd sirvgccitd. Kdhi dkcdrdr qui si vdb d kmcmkdr ib cd istdkgûb nustm dbtis `ic sirvgkgm `ic pcdtm pdrd pdr d ic kudc vdb d sir uhgkd`ms smhri cd lisd. Kmb ic ogb `i linmrdr cd prisibtdkgûb `i cd lisd y edbdr tgilpm, ic sirvgkgm si `ihi pripdrdr kmb dbtirgmrg`d`. [mhri cd lisd si `ihi uhgkdr cm sgeugibti>         

[dc y pglgibtd. Yb kibgkirm. @ikmrdkgûb ocmrdc (bdturdc prioiribtilibti) m vicds.  Bþlirm `i lisd.

Cd tçkbgkd `ic sirvgkgm  

Cd ldbird `i ccivdr y `i uhgkdr cms pcdtms ib cd lisd

Cms pcdtms si uhgkdb `i douird fdkgd d`ibtrm sgeugib`m ic mr`ib ib ic kudc si  `isdrrmccdrä ic libþ.

Ib ub sirvgkgm hdsi m sglpci d cd kdrtd, si uhgkd cm sgeugibti>     Zcdtm hdsi m `i sgtgm. Ybd sirvgccitd pcied`d, `gspuistd smhri ic pcdtm hdsi.     Yb kukfgccm erdb`i, `gspuistm d tris kibtìlitrms `ic hmr`i `i cd lisd y d tris kibtìlitrms d



cd `irikfd `ic pcdtm hdsi. Yb tibi`mr erdb`i `gspuistm d tris kibtìlitrms `ic hmr`i `i cd lisd y d tris kibtìlitrms d cd   gzqugir`d

84

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

   

  `ic pcdtm hdsi.   Yb pcdtm `i pdb d cd gzqugir`d y d tris kibtìlitrms `ic tibi`mr erdb`i y d `giz kibtìlitrms `ic



 hmr`i `i cd lisd. [i vd d uhgkdr ub piquiôm kukfgccm kmb ic hmr`i fdkgd ic gbtirgmr `ic pcdtm (pdrd ic `gp m ldbtikd)   Cd kmpd `i deud uhgkd`d d ubd puced`d smhri cd pubtd `ic kukfgccm.   Ybd kmpd `i vgbm, cgeirdlibti pmr `ihdnm `i cd kmpd `i deud. 4.  Kmpd `i deud.   8. ;.  0.  9. 

Kmpd `i pdb. vgbm. Zcdtm `i [irvgccitd Zcdtm hdsi.

; 9

0

[g fdy ub glpmrtdbti bþlirm `i pcdtms ib ic libþ, ic bþlirm läxglm `i kuhgirtms y kmpds si vdb d `gspmbir smhri cd lisd, `i ldbird qui bm qui`i smhrikdred`d. Zcdtm hdsi. Pris kuhgirtms d cd `irikfd `ic pcdtm hdsi. Pris kuhgirtms d cd gzqugir`d `ic pcdtm hdsi. @ms kuhgirtms drrghd `ic pcdtm hdsi. @i kd`d cd`m `ic pcdtm hdsi tm`ms cms c ms kuhgirtms `ihib tibir ubd omrld y tdldôm `goiribti (`ms tibi`mris erdb`is smb dutmrgzd`ms `ic cd`m gzqugir`m) Cms kuhgirtms ixtrds kmlm yd si libkgmbû dbtirgmrlibti si vdb d gr deriedb`m, kmbomrli si sgrvd kd`d pcdtm rispiktgvm.   Ic bþlirm läxglm `i kmpds is `i kudtrm y istms `ihib sir `i tdldôm y omrld `goiribtis.

         



4.  8.  ;.  0. 

Kmpd `i deud. Kmpd `i vgbm tgbtm. Kmpd `i vgbm hcdbkm. Kmpd `i kfdlpdôd.

Ib cìbid> 8

88

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

   

Ib cìbid>

8

Ib kud`rd`m>

8

Ib trgäbeucm>

8

8;

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

   

Kuhgirtms ispikgdcis Libþ kmlpuistm pmr ubd ibtrd`d, ubd smpd, ub pcdtm prgbkgpdc y ub pmstri>   Zcdtm hdsi m `i sgtgm.   [irvgccitd

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                     

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Kukfgccm erdb`i. Pibi`mr erdb`i. Kukfdrd pdrd smpd. Kukfgccm piquiôm. Pibi`mr piquiôm. Zcdtm pdrd pdb kmb su rispiktgvm kukfgccm. Kukfdrd pdrd pmstri Pibi`mr pdrd pmstri. Kmpd `i vgbm tgbtm. Kmpd `i vgbm hcdbkm. Kmpd `i deud.

Libþ kmlpuistm pmr ubd smpd, ubd ibtrd`d `i piskd`m, ub pcdtm prgbkgpdc kmb kdrbi y  ub pmstri>                          



Zcdtm hdsi m `i sgtgm. [irvgccitd Kukfgccm erdb`i. Pibi`mr erdb`i. Kukfgccm m pdcitd pdrd piskd`m. Pibi`mr pdrd piskd`m. Kukfdrd pdrd smpd. Zcdtm pdrd pdb kmb su rispiktgvm kukfgccm. Kukfdrd pdrd pmstri Pibi`mr pdrd pmstri. Kmpd `i vgbm tgbtm. Kmpd `i vgbm hcdbkm. Kmpd `i deud.

Xiecds pdrd tibir ib kuibtd ib ic sirvgkgm   Zrisibtdkgûb y priki`ibkgd> Ic mr`ib `ic sirvgkgm `ipib`i `i cds riecds `i priki`ibkgd sgeugibtis>   Cds siômrds y siômrgtds `ihib sir dtib`g`ds y sirvgrsi dbtis `i cms siômris.   Cms gbvgtd`ms dbtis `i cms dbogtrgmbis (ixkiptm sg ic dbogtrgûb is ic fmlibdnid`m) Ic dbogtrgûb 

`ieustd ic vgbm prglirm, pirm si ci sgrvi þctglm. Cds pirsmbds `i i`d` läs dvdbzd`d `ihib sir dtib`g`ds y sirvgrsi dbtis qui cms läs nûvibis,    pirm kug`db`m cd suskiptghgcg`d` `i cds siômrds qugibis d vikis vikis dpdribtdb läs i`d`.   Cds pirsmbds `i nirdrquìd läs dctd smb sirvg`ds y dtib`g`ds dbtis qui ic ristm `i cms suhdctirbms, sg is ubd kmlg`d m kibd k ibd `i biemkgms.   Prdtdr `i sirvgr prglirm d cms bgôms.



80

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

   

Dbtis `ic sirvgkgm>         

Cglpgdr kmpds y vdsms. Dcgbidr cms kuhgirtms ib ricdkgûb kmb cds c ds sgccds y vdsms. Kug`dr cd vistglibtd `i cd hrged`d `i sirvgkgm. Kmbmkir ic libþ.

@urdbti ic sirvgkgm> @is`i qui cms kcgibtis si ibkuibtrdb ib ic ristdurdbti>   Cds kmpds si trdbspmrtdb sgilpri ib hdb`inds kmb ubd sirvgccitd pmr `ihdnm. Cds tmrris `i erdb`is pcdtms si ccivdb kmb `ms ldbms y ibvmcvircds kmb ubd sirvgccitd `i  



sirvgkgm, sg si ibkuibtrdb kdcgibtis.   Cms kuhgirtms cglpgms smb trdbspmrtd`ms m ritgrd`ms ib ub pcdtm pc dtm kmb ubd sirvgccitd `i tticd. icd.   Cms icilibtms `ic sirvgkgm qui bm si utgcgkib bm `ihib pirldbikir smhri cd lisd `ic kmlibsdc.

Cm qui bm si `ihi ridcgzdr `urdbti ic sirvgkgm     Cglpgdr ic ldtirgdc y lmhgcgdrgm ib ic sdcûb.   Dkulucdr ib ubd lgsld ärid lukfds lisds cghris.



             

 

Xikdredr cms pcdtms `i cms Prgbkfdr smhri ub pcdtm `ikcgibtis. pcdtd. Kmrrir ib cd sdcd m ic sdcûb. Pibir `gskusgmbis gbþtgcis. Pmkdr cms dcglibtms kmb cd ldbm. @drci cd ispdc`d d cms kcgibtis pdrd sirvgrcis. Zdsdr cd ldbm `icdbti `ic kcgibti.

Cd tçkbgkd `ic sirvgkgm  Cms pcdtms> D libms qui cd pirsmbd si sgibtd gbsieurd `i ccivdr `ms pcdtms `i smpd ib cd ldbm gzqugir`d y mtrm ib cd ldbm `irikfd, is prioirghci vicdr pmr cd sieurg`d` prmpgd y ccivdr ub pdctm ib kd`d ldbm.

Ixgstib `ms omrlds `i ccivdr `ms pcdtms ib cd ldbm gzqugir`d> 4.  Cms `i`ms pucedr i ìb`gki dedrrdb ic prglir pcdtm, istdb`m ic `ic li`gm pmr `ihdnm `i çsti. Ic sieub`m pcdtm si vd d uhgkdr smhri cd luôikd, cd kudc istä rikuhgirtd `i ubd sirvgccitd `i sirvgkgm. Ic iqugcghrgm vd d istdr dsieurd`m pmr cms `i`ms dbucdr y liôgqui. 8.  Dedrrdr ic hmr`i `ic prglir pcdtm ibtri cms `i`ms pucedr i ìb`gki y uhgkdr ic mtrm pcdtm ib cd  pdcld `i cd ldbm (ic pcdtm vd d istdr smstibg`m `i omrld fmrgzmbtdc pmr cms `i`ms, li`gm, dbucdr y liôgqui)

89

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

 

  Zcdtm prgbkgpdc   Zcdtm `i smpd Zcdtm pdrd pmstri  



  Zcdtm pdrd pdb Zcdtm pdrd ibsdcd`d  

[i `ihi sirvgr y rikmeir `ic cd`m `irikfm `ic kcgibti.



[i `ihi sirvgr y rikmeir `ic cd`m Gzqugir`m `ic kcgibti.

Cds kmpds>  Cd ldbird `i ccivdr cds kmpds fdkgd ic sdcûb `ihi sir ib hdb`inds. [i `ihi usdr ubd sirvgccitd `i sirvgkgm y bubkd tmkdrcms kmb cd ldbm. Kudb`m si ccivi d kdhm cd lgsi ib pcdki ib cd lisd (sgilpri qui ic kcgibti bm istç prisibti) is läs sieurm tmldr cds kmpds pmr ic pgi y uhgkdrcds smhri cd lisd sgb tibir cd hdb`ind ib cd ldbm gzqugir`d. Is dhsmcutdlibti gbd`lgsghci tmldrcms  pmr cd pdrti supirgmr `i cd hmkd `i cd kmpd. 

  Xitgrdr tm`ds cds kmpds dbtis `ic sirvgkgm `ic kdoç, kmb ixkipkgûb `i cd kmpd `i deud y cd kmpd

`i vgbm qui dkmlpdôd ic pmstri.   Xitgrdr dbtis `ic kdlhgm `i ub pcdtm dquiccds kmpds qui yd bm si vdb d utgcgzdr. Istd omrld si utgcgzd smhri tm`m, kudb`m fdy ub tgpm `gstgbtm `i vgbm pdrd kd`d pcdtm.

Cms kuhgirtms>  Kudb`m si ccivdb d kdhm cd lgsi ib pcdki `i cms kuhgirtms, istms `ihib ldbgpucdrsi kmb ubd sirvgccitd `i sirvgkgm y bubkd kmb cd ldbm. Is dhsmcutdlibti prmfghg`m ccivdrcms kmb cd ldbm `griktdlibti y ib prisibkgd `ic kcgibti kmb ldymr rdzûb. Cms tibi`mris cglpgms smb ritgrd`ms pmr ic cd`m gzqugir`m y cms kukfgccms y kukfdrds prm ic cd`m `irikfm. Pm`ms dquiccms kuhgirtms qui si kdgedb dc suicm siräb kmbsg`ird`ms sukgms y `ihib sir gbli`gdtdlibti riilpcdzd`ms.

8?

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

 

YBG@D@ 8 @goiribtis tgpms `i sirvgkgm  Ixgstib `goiribtis omrlds `i sirvgr cms dcglibtms dcg libtms d cms kcgibtis, cds kudcis vdb d istdr `itirlgbd`ds  pmr>        

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Ic tgpm `i ristdurdbti. Ic bþlirm `i kcgibtis. Cd bdturdcizd `i cds kmlg`ds qui si vdb d sirvgr. Cd pripdrdkgûb y cd ixpirgibkgd `ic pirsmbdc `i sirvgkgm.

Zcdtm sirvg`m  Cd kmlg`d is sirvg`d `griktdlibti ib ic pcdtm `is`i cd kmkgbd, `mb`i kd`d ubm `ihirä prisibtdrsi sgilpri ib cd lgsld omrld, `i dkuir`m kmb ic ldbinm `i cms istäb`dris `i cd prmpgi`d`. Ic kdldrirm vd d ccivdr `i 8 d ; pcdtms d cd viz y cms vd d sirvgr pmr ic cd`m `irikfm `ic kcgibti,  pristdb`m dtibkgûb d kmcmkdr cd kmlg`d prgbkgpdc prgbkgpdc vgib`m fdkgd ic kcgibti. Kmb ic ogb `i ivgtdr dkkg`ibtis, cd pirsmbd `i sirvgkgm sgilpri vd d kgrkucdr fdkgd `icdbti gb`ipib`gibtilibti `ic tgpm `i sirvgkgm (bubkd fdkgd dträs)   Cms pcdtms sdcib `i cd kmkgbd yd icdhmrd`ms y ic kdldrirm cms sgrvi pmr ic cd`m `irikfm.

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Is gbomrldc. Cds pmrkgmbis si kmbtrmcdb y ic kmstm is ri`ukg`m. Libms pirsmbdcgzd`m, cms kmlibsdcis bm pui`ib iciegr su pmrkgûb. Isti sirvgkgm tgibi cd vibtdnd `i sir hdstdbti räpg`m, `ûb`i d`iläs bm is bikisdrgm tibir ub  pirsmbdc luy kdcgogkd`m.

Ic kdldrirm `ihirä pristdr dtibkgûb d cm sgeugibti>   [irvgr d kd`d pirsmbd ic pcdtm smcgkgtd`m, sgb prieubtdr kuäc pcdtm is pdrd kd`d qugçb. Yhgkdr ic pcdtm ib omrld kmrriktd oribti dc kcgibti.   

[irvgkgm d cd gbecisd  Cdprdktgkd kdrdktirìstgkd `i isti morikir dc kcgibti cdpirm pmsghgcg`d` sirvgr. Istifähgc. lçtm`m si läs qui tm`msirvgkgm pmr sir is räpg`m y ikmbûlgkm ixgei `i`i ubfdkirsi pirsmbdc hdstdbti Is ub istgcm luy utgcgzd`m ib ic sirvgkgm `i hdbquitis y ib cms ristdurdbtis läs sglpcis. Ic pcdtm kdcgibti vdkìm si kmcmkd oribti dc kcgibti pmr ic cd`m `irikfm. Cd kmkgbd sgrvi cd kmlg`d ib erdb`is ouibtis, çstds smb ccivd`ds pmr ic kdldrirm ic kudc cd prisibtd d cms kcgibtis. Isti sirvgkgm kmbsgsti ib gbkcgbdrsi cgeirdlibti pmr ic cd`m gzqugir`m `ic kcgibti y kmb ubd pgbzd m trgbkfi (kukfdrd drrghd, tibi`mr dhdnm) smstibg`d pmr cd ldbm `irikfd si sirvgrä cd kmlg`d läs ouirti `ic pcdtm, yd sid cd kdrbi m cd pdstd. Mtrm kdldrirm vd d `dr ic sirvgkgm `i cd eudrbgkgûb `i cd lgsld omrld. Ic sieub`m sirvgkgm si ioiktudrä `i cd lgsld ldbird. D cms kcgibtis cis eustd isti istgcm, yd qui pui`ib tibir kmbtrmc smhri cm qui si sgrvi ib sus pcdtms.

[irvgkgm Euirg`mb  Isti tgpm `i sirvgkgm si utgcgzd ib cms ristdurdbtis m ivibtms läs iciedbtis, is ic sirvgkgm pmr ixkicibkgd. 85

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

   

Cd kmlg`d si sgrvi ib ouibtis ib cd kmkgbd. Ic kdldrirm ccivd cds ouibtis dc sdcûb `ic ristdurdbti y cds uhgkd smhri ic euirg`ûb yd iqugpd`m kmb su kdcibtd`mr m dbdoi. Ybd viz prisibtd`d cd kmlg`d d cms kcgibtis, çstd si sgrvi ib pcdtms kdcgibtis sgeugib`m cds lgslds riecds `i sirvgkgm `ic pcdtm sirvg`m. Çc trdhdndrä kmb cds `ms ldbms (ib cd ldbm `irikfd cd kukfdrd y ib cd ldbm gzqugir`d ic tibi`mr) bm ccibdb`m `ildsgd`m ic pcdtm, y bubkd ci `drä cd ispdc`d dc kcgibti. Ib kdsm `i tibir qui ridcgzdr ub sieub`m sirvgkgm, si pui`i ccivdr d kdhm `i cds sgeugibtis ldbirds>   Ib ub ristdurdbti sglpci, si pui`i dpcgkdr ic sirvgkgm d cd gbecisd.   [irvgr ib pcdtms cglpgms piquiôds kdbtg`d`is, cms kudcis vdb d riilpcdzdr cms pcdtms sukgms,

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sirvg`ms ib ub gbgkgm. Ib cms ristdurdbtis `i cunm, si vdb d sirvgr cms pcdtms cglpgms `i cd lgsld omrld qui dc  prgbkgpgm, ubd viz qui si fdb fdb ritgrd`m cms pcdtms sukgms y kdlhgd`m cms kuhgirtms. Is iciedbti y pirsmbdcgzd`m. Ic kmlibsdc vi cd kmlg`d y su pripdrdkgûb. Xiqugiri ldymr iqugpdlgibtm y pirsmbdc ibtribd`m. Libmr ribmvdkgûb `i lisds.

[irvgkgm d cd ordbkisd Cd pdrtgkucdrg`d` `i isti sirvgkgm kmbsgsti ib pirlgtgr dc kcgibti sirvgrsi d sì lgslm. Çsti si pui`i `isdrrmccdr `i `ms ldbirds> 4.  Cms pcdtms kdcgibtis smb puistms `icdbti `ic kcgibti y ic kdldrirm trdirä cd ouibti yd sirvg`d `is`i cd kmkgbd, prisibtdrä ic pcdtm y si gbkcgbdrä cgeirdlibti dc cd`m gzqugir`m `ic kcgibti ic kudc si sirvgrä ic lgslm. Ib kdsm `i cds eudrbgkgmbis, siräb prisibtd`ds y sirvg`ds `ispuçs `ic pcdtm prgbkgpdc, sg si `gspmbi `i pirsmbdc suogkgibti, mtrm kdldrirm pm`rä ridcgzdrcm. Is ub sirvgkgm pmkm utgcgzd`m yd qui is ub prmkism cibtm. [i prdktgkd eibirdclibti ib kdsds  pdrtgkucdris, kibds `i edcd u mogkgdcis. Is glpmrtdbti libkgmbdr qui isti sirvgkgm is ribtdhci ribtdhci  pdrd ic istdhcikglgibtm yd qui pirlgti ri utgcgzdr utgcgzdr cm qui smhrd ib cds ouibtis. 8.  Ib ristdurdbtis läs sglpcis, `i odlgcgd m `i pcdtms ispikìogkms (ldrgskms, omb`ui, itk.) si sgrvib cds ouibtis `griktdlibti `griktdlibti smhri ub dpmyd ouibti ouibti ib cd lisd. D`iläs, yd si fdhrä uhgkd`m ib omrld privgd ub pcdtm kdcgibti pdrd kd`d pirsmbd. Ic kgtd`m dbtirgmrlibti is ub sirvgkgm qui bm ixgei pirsmbdc luy kdcgogkd`m y pirlgti qui ic kdldrirm sgrvd ls lisds. D cms kcgibtis cis derd`d isti sirvgkgm, yd qui cis pirlgti sirvgrsi cd kdbtg`d` bikisdrgd.

[irvgkgm d cd Xusd   Isti sirvgkgm kmbsgsti ib prisibtdr dc kcgibti pgizds ibtirds, tdcis kmlm> pgirbd `i kmr`irm, pdvm, itk., smhri ouibtis qui cuiem siräb trgbkfd`ds `icdbti `i çsti, kmlm pdrti `i ub huooit `i kdzd m ub sirvgkgm –euirg`ûb“ 

[ieug`dlibti cds ouibtis smb pdsd`ds kmlm ib ic sirvgkgm d cd ordbkisd. Ib buistrms [ieug`dlibti `ìds, `goìkgclibti cms istdhcikglgibtms pui`ib pirlgtgrsi ic prdktgkdr isti sirvgkgm s irvgkgm `ihg`m d su cibtgtu`.

[irvgkgm `i Huooit  Ic huooit is ub tgpm `i rikipkgûb glpmrtdbti, m, luy glpmrtdbti. @ipib`irä `i cd kdbtg`d` `i gbvgtd`ms y `ic sirvgkgm qui si morizkd. Ybi ib sus icilibtms ic kmkatdgc y cd kmlg`d y pmr ism si pristd d sir mredbgzd`m `i `goiribtis omrlds. Cd hdsi `ic huooit is ubd huibd lisd, luy hgib 86

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

   

 prisibtd`d, `mb`i si kmcmkdräb cds ouibtis `i cd kmlg`d. @i dkuir`m kmb ic prisupuistm si ridcgzdrä ubd sicikkgûb luy kug`d`msd y `itdccd`d `ic libþ.          

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Ic kcgibti vd fdkgd cd kmlg`d. Fdy läs mpkgmbis pdrd cms kmlibsdcis.  Bm riqugiri pirsmbdc luy ibtribd`m. Libmr kmbtrmc `i kmstms.  Bm is iciedbti.

Zrisibtdkgmb Yb huooit pui`i tibir tris tgpms `i sirvgkgm > 4.  Cms gbvgtd`ms si sgrvib smcms m smb sirvg`ms pmr kdldrirms m kmkgbirms. Istms si pdrdräb `iträs `i cd lisd. 8.  Cms gbvgtd`ms si sgibtdb ib lisds y cms pcdtms ci smb sirvg`ms pmr kdldrirms, tibgib`m ib kuibtd ic mr`ib bmrldc `ic libþ. ;.  Cms gbvgtd`ms si uhgkdb ib lisds y si civdbtdb pdrd sirvgrsi.

Lisds `i Huooit  Lisd firrd`urd> Is cd läs oubkgmbdc pdrd isti tgpm `i sirvgkgm dubqui si pui`ib utgcgzdr sg si `isid lisds mvdcd`ds, kud`rd`ds Cm g`idc is qui cd lisd prgbkgpdc `i ri`mb`ds, cd firrd`urd sid cdred y dbkfd,mydriktdbeucdris. qui sirä cd pdrti läs glpmrtdbti. Cms cd`ms cdtirdcis m ixtibsgmbis si usdräb kmlm duxgcgdris. Cds ouibtis `i cd kmlg`d si `gspmb`räb `i omrld tdc qui kmlpmbedb ub kmbnubtm drlmbgmsm. Ib ic kdsm `i pm`ir utgcgzdr lisds pdrd cms gbvgtd`ms kmldb sibtd`ms, smhri istds si kmcmkdräb> kibtrms `i lisd, sdcirms y pglibtirms, kmpds, kuhgirtms, pcdtms `i pdb y sirvgccitds. @i istd ldbird cms gbvgtd`ms siräb sirvg`ms kûlm`dlibti, m smcdlibti tib`räb qui sirvgrsi cd kmlg`d.

Zcdtms y Kuhgirtms  Ib dc kdsm `i tibir qui kmcmkdr cms pcdtms smhri cd lisd `i huooit, si cm fdrä smhri cds isqugbds `i iccd, pdrd bm tdpdr bgbeubd ouibti, y ib pgcds `i `giz. Cms kuhgirtms gräb d cd `irikfd i gzqugir`d `i cms pcdtms, cds sirvgccitds `iträs `i iccms, y ic pdb d ub cd`m `i istms. Zdrd ub huooit iciedbti si usdräb pcdtms y kuhgirtms li`gdbms. Zdrd qui bm si lizkcib cms sdhmris, cms gbvgtd`ms siräb sirvg`ms viz kmbläs ub pcdtm y kuhgirtms Ib ub huooit libms glpmrtdbti si pm`räbvdrgds usdr vikis, pcdtms ykd`d kuhgirtms erdb`is. @i istd cglpgms. ldbird pm`räb sirvgrsi vdrgms tgpms `i kmlg`ds nubtds.

Kdtiemrgds `i [irvgkgm Kmkatdgc [u fmrdrgm `i kmlgibzm is dprmxgld`dlibti d cds 47 Z.L. [u `urdkgûb mskgcd ibtri 09 lgbutms y tris fmrds. Eibirdclibti si kmbvmkd dc pþhcgkm pdrd cd prisibtdkgûb `i dceþb prm`uktm m virbgsdei. [i sgrvib hmkd`gtms sdcd`ms (orìms m kdcgibtis) y `uckis, prioiribtilibti ibtri kudtrm y sigs vdrgi`d`is d rdzûb `i ubd vdrgi`d` pmr pirsmbd.   Istd kdtiemrìd bm is ubd kibd, bm si sirvgräb pcdtms kdcgibtis bg pmstris.         

87

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

   

  [i sgrvi kfdlpdebi, vgbm (hcdbkm y tgbtm), trdems y hihg`ds sgb dckmfmc.   Ic sirvgkgm si ridcgzd hdb`inid`m puis cd eibti si ibkuibtrd `i pgi.   [i utgcgzd ub kdldrirm kd`d 8: pirsmbd. 

Hdbquiti   [u fmrdrgm `i kmlgibzm is vdrgd`m y `ipib`i ib lukfms kdsms `ic lmtgvm `i su kmbvmkdtmrgd. [u `urdkgûb is ldymr d cds `ms kdtiemrìds dbtirgmris.     [i ridcgzd ubd rikipkgûb ib cd kudc si sgrvib ubd ldymr vdrgi`d` `i hmkd`gtms orìms y kdcgibtis

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dkmlpdôd`m pmr ic sirvgkgm `i hihg`ds kmb y sgb dckmfmc. [i gbkcuyi ub pcdtm `i ibtrd`d, ub pcdtm prgbkgpdc y ub pmstri. Zmstirgmrlibti fdy ubd lisd   `i `uckis y ub ogb `i ogistd (`ipib`irä `i cms eustms `i cms c ms kmlibsdcis)   [i utgcgzd ub kdldrirm kd`d k d`d 49 pirsmbds. [ûcm cd rikipkgûb is hdb`inid`d.  

@goiribtis tgpms `i `isdyubm  [irvgkgm Hdsgkm `i @isdyubm               

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Yb pcdtm `i pmstri. [irvgccitd. Yb kukfgccm piquiôm. Ybd tdzd `i `isdyubm. Yb pcdtm pdrd tdzd. Ybd kukfdrd pdrd `isdyubm. Zcdtms pdrd cd ldbtikd y lirlicd`d.

@isdyubm Kmbtgbibtdc   Hihg`ds kdcgibtis si pui`i morikir> tç, kdoç, cikfi orìd m kdcgibti, kd cgibti, kfmkmcdti kdcgibti y dceubds

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vikis nuems `i orutd kmlm kmlpcilibtm `i cd hihg`d kdcgibti m ib cuedr `i iccd. [icikkgûb `i pdbis y li`gdcubds. Ldbtikd> [i sgrvib 8: erdlms `i ldbtikd pmr pirsmbd prisibtd`d `i `goiribtis omrlds. Lirlicd`d> bmrldclibti si `db `ms kdnds `i lirlicd`d pmr pirsmbd kmlpuistd `i orutds `i tgpm y kmcmr `goiribti. Dzþkdr> pui`i `drsi dzþkdr hcdbkd, lmribd, ib trmkgtms m ib hmcsgtds (cd kdbtg`d` qui riqugird kd`d pirsmbd)

@isdyubm Dlirgkdbm  Isti tgpm `i `isdyubm bm is luy orikuibti ib buistrm pdìs, si `d ib kgirtms pdìsis `i Dlçrgkd, ispikgdclibti ib Istd`ms Ybg`ms.                 

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Hihg`ds kdcgibtis. Nuems `i orutd. Orutds oriskds. Kiridcis. Lirlicd`ds. Kmlpmtds `i orutds. @goiribtis tgpms `i fuivm. Kdrbis orìds (ogdlhris) ;:

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

   

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Zdrrgccds> Pmkgbm (pdbkitd) sdckfgkfds `i `isdyubm, itk. Cieulhris. Tuisms. Zdsticirìd.

Hrubkf Pçrlgbm qui prmvgibi `i `isdyubm (hridaodst) y dcluirzm (cubkf) Eibirdclibti sirvg`m `i 4: DL ; ZL cms `mlgbems. Is `ikgr, is ub `isdyubm huooit dbecmsdnûb, pirm hdstdbti läs erdb`i, ib vgstd `i qui si ci deriedb cms sgeugibtis pcdtms>            

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Ibsdcd`ds. [mpds. Kmbsmlçs. Ibtrd`ds orìds. Zmstris. Krilds.

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odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

 

YBG@D@ ; Mredbgerdld `ic [dcûb Eräogkm `i cd mredbgzdkgûb `ic pirsmbdc `i ub istdhcikglgibtm edstrmbûlgkm mr`ibd`m  nirärqugkdlibti.

Ldgtri @‗ Fmtic> Xispmbsdhci dhsmcutm `ic sdcûb               

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Istä d kdrem `ic pirsmbdc `ic sdcûb. [icikkgmbd dc pirsmbdc. Ldbind cds quinds `i cms kcgibtis. Pgibi d su kdrem cd tmld ogbdc `i cds `ikgsgmbis. Kmbtrmcd stmkas, kmlprds y pcdbgccds `ic pirsmbdc. Ldbind cds ricdkgmbis pþhcgkds. Kmbtrmcd cd tmtdcg`d` `ic drld`m `ic sdcûb dbtis `i cd dpirturd.

Ibtri cds rispmbsdhgcg`d`is `ic nioi `i sirvgkgm istäb> cd mredbgzdkgûb `ic sirvgkgm, cd cglpgizd `ic cmkdc y cd mredbgzdkgûb `i fmrdrgms1 d`iläs is rispmbsdhci `ic gbvibtdrgm `i ldtirgdc y `i prmki`ir d ioiktudr kmbtrmcis pirgû`gkms. @ibtrm `i sus kmbmkglgibtms `ihi tibir sibtg`m `i mredbgzdkgûb y sir prikgsm ib su trdhdnm. @ihi sir ocixghci, `gpcmlätgkm, kmb kmbmkglgibtm `i mtrms g`gmlds pdrd trdtdr kmb sus kcgibtis. Istd  pmsgkgûb ci ib pirlgti omrldrsi m d`qugrgr cd ixpirgibkgd pdrd sir ic ibkdred`m m `griktmr `i ub ristdurdbti ub outurm. Istd pirsmbd `ihi tdlhgçb kmbmkir dkirkd `i tm`m cm qui ic istdhcikglgibtm pui`i morikir ib cm kmbkirbgibti kmb dcglibtms y hihg`ds, tgilpms `i kmkkgûb y dkmlpdôdlgibtm `i kmlg`ds kmb vgbms. Dsì kmlm tdlhgçb cd huibd lgsi ib pcdki qui pui`d dsieurdr ic d`ikud`m oubkgmbdlgibtm `i isti tgpm `i sirvgkgm.

[mllicgir> Ispikgdcgstd ib vgbms y hihg`ds             

Kmboikkgmbd cd kdrtd `i vgbms. Ldbind cd kdvd `ic istdhcikglgibtm. Dkmbsind cms vgbms pdrd dkmlpdôdr kd`d kmlg`d (ldrg`dni) Xidcgzd ic sirvgkgm `i vgbms ib cds lisds. [u glpmrtdbkgd rd`gkd ib cds vibtds.

Lmzms> Dtgib`ib cds lisds ib cd pcdzd qui cis kmrrispmb`i            

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Pmldb kmldb`ds. Kmbmkib cd kdrtd y cds sueiribkgds `ic `ìd. Xidcgzdb ic sirvgkgm `i hihg`ds. Xidcgzdb ic `ishdrdsi kmb cd dyu`d `i cms kmllgsis. Ldbindb cms tgilpms `ic sirvgkgm `i lisd.

Kmllgsis   Drldb cds lisds, odngbdb, ridcgzdb ic `ishdrdsm.

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odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

   

Xubbirs   [mb cms ibkdred`ms `i ccivdr cms pcdtms d cds lisds y hdndrcms d cd pirsmbd qui kmrrispmb`i.

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Pgibib kmbtdktm `griktm kmb ic nioi `i kmkgbd.

Xikipkgmbgstds y Fmstiss> Xikghi y dkmlpdôd d cms kcgibtis d sus lisds         

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Dtgib`i ic ticçombm. Ldbind ic cghrm `i risirvds. [i mkupd `i cms eudr`drrmpds. Fdki ricdkgmbis pþhcgkds.

Kdnirm m D`gkgmbgstd   Kmboikkgmbd cds odkturds, ib lukfms kdsms riilpcdzd dc nioi `i sdcûb kudb`m çsti bm si

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ibkuibtrd.

Kmboikkgmb `i cd kmldb`d   Ib cd pdrti supirgmr `ihi kmbstdr>

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4.  8.  ;.  0. 

Oikfd Bþlirm `i lisd Bþlirm `i lmzm Bþlirm `i kuhgirtms

D kmbtgbudkgûb si `ihib kmlpcitdr cds tris pdrtis ristdbtis> cds ibtrd`ds, cms pcdtms prgbkgpdcis, cms pmstris y cds hihg`ds. D cd gzqugir`d si dbmtd cd kdbtg`d` `i pcdtms riquirg`ms y d cd `irikfd `ic pcdtm mr`ibd`m ic bþlirm `ic kmlibsdc qui cm pg`gû. Fdy qui istdr dtibt dtibtms ms d cd fmrd `i hdndr cms pcdtms puis si pui`i kdir ib ic irrmr `i ibtriedrci ub pcdtm d cd pirsmbd iqugvmkd`d. Is glpmrtdbti kmbtdr kmb ub ldpd `ic sdcûb kmb tm`ds cds lisds g`ibtgogkd`ds kmb su bþlirm y kmb ic bþlirm `ic kmlibsdc qui kmrrispmb`i d kd`d puistm. Zmr cm eibirdc cds kmldb`ds si kmboikkgmbdb pmr `upcgkd`m> ubm vd d cd c d kdnd y ic mtrm d cd kmkgbd. Xikmr`dr qui fdy qui dbmtdr cds ispikgogkdkgmbis kmrrispmb`gibtis, kmlm pmr inilpcm, ic pubtm `i cd kdrbi m sg ub pcdtm is kmlpdrtg`m m kdlhgd su eudrbgkgûb.   Ibtrd kmldb`d> Ibtrd`d `i kmldb`d d cd kmkgbd.   Ldrkfd dc tgilpm> Cms pcdtms gb`ipib`gibtilibti `i sì smb ibtrd`ds m pmstris, sdcib nubtms.   Ldrkfd y sdci> [i mr`ibdrmb pcdtms prgbkgpdcis mhvgdb`m cd ibtrd`d.   Ldrkfd> [i kmbogrld qui ic pcdtm fd ldrkfd`m ib kmkgbd. 

Cd kdrtd  Ic kfio y ic `uiôm `ic istdhcikglgibtm kmboikkgmbdb cd kdrtd `i dkuir`m dc krgtirgm icieg`m. Ib iccd ogeurdb cms prikgms y cd `iskrgpkgûb `i cms pcdtms. Cd sueiribkgd `ic `ìd is ub pcdtm mpkgmbdc qui si moriki kmb `gstgbtms mhnitgvms> icilibtm `i prmlmkgûb, pruihd `i ub pcdtm dbtis `i ub kdlhgm `i kdrtd, mptglgzdkgûb `i kmstms, itk. Cds kdrtds si ibtriedb prglirm d cds luniris y `ispuçs d cms fmlhris, ib dlhms kdsms pmr mr`ib `ikrikgibti `i i`d`. Cuiem si ibtried cd kdrtd `i vgbms d cd pirsmbd qui si krid kmbvibgibti. ;;

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

   

Ivibtms  @iogbgkgûb `ic `gkkgmbdrgm> Dkmbtikglgibtm, Dkmbtikgl gibtm, sukism, sukism, ivibtudcg`d`. @ic cdtìb Dvibtus-kdsudc, Dvibtuskdsudc, qui sgebgogkd ‖cm qui suki`i glprivgstdlibti‗. ‖ubd kmbtgbeibkgd `i ridcgzdkgûb gbkgirtd‗.   gbkgirtd‗. @iogbgkgûb läs prikgsd Is ub kmbnubtm `i dkkgmbis prmerdld`ds, `istgbd`ds d cd kmbkrikgûb `i ubm m läs mhnitgvms (ikmbûlgkms, (ikmbûlgkm s, smkgdcis, `i gldeib, itk.) qui si ldtirgdcgzdb ib `gstgbtms tgpms `i dktgvg`d`is sieþb bikisg`d`iss y ogbis ispikìogkms `i cd ilprisd m gbstgtukgûb. bikisg`d`i Pdlhgçb is> Yb erupm `i pirsmbds riubg`ds kmb ub mhnitgvm `itirlgbd`m.

Fgstmrgd  Zritib`ir `dr ubd oikfd ixdktd ib ricdkgûb d cd ridcgzdkgûb `ic prglir ivibtm prisuli ubd tdrid glpmsghci y `i kdrdktirìstgkds kdrdktirìstgkds mcìlpgkds. @is`i buistrm lm`istm kmbmkglgibtm y ib vgrtu` `i cd dpcgkdkgûbibti `i `is`i cm vgstm cd timrìd kmbsibsudr qui ivibtms `fdb fdhg`mi kmb sgilpri,  präktgkdl  präktgkdlibti quiib ic fmlhri fml hri is pm`ilms fml fmlhri1 hri1 `is`i qui tuvm cd bikisg`d` bikisg`d `i riubgrsi riubgrs mtrms mtrms `i su lgsld ispikgi pdrd kmlpdrtgr `itirlgbd`m trmoim `i kdzd1 ib sus rgtudcis pdedbms, itk. Cd þctgld kibd y cd kmrrispmb`gibti krukgogxgûb `i Nisukrgstm ouirmb ivibtms. Cms rgtudcis iegpkgms tdlhgçb cm ouirmb. Cds erdb`is hdkdb hdkdbdcis dcis rmldbds y ic tidtrm ergiem, tdlhgçb. tdlhgçb. Cd kridkgûb `i dsmkgdkgmbis y mredbgzdkgmbis kriki `i cds bikisg`d`is ispikìogkds `i ub erupm kmlm is ic kdsm `i cd ripþhcgkd lixgkdbd ib ic sgecm _GG, kudb`m `gvirsds kucturds si riubgirmb kmb ic ogb `i trdtdr dsubtms prmhdhcilibti edstrmbûlgkms ib cd kgu`d` `i Vmkfgkdckm. Ib isti cuedr si civdbtû ub lmbulibtm fgstûrgkm kmb ic mhnitm `i riubgr d `goiribtis riprisibtdbtis `i kucturds `i isd çpmkd. Ic gbtirçs `i omrldr mredbgzdkgmbis tdlhgçb surei ib mtrms pdìsis kmlm ib Iurmpd ib 49?:. @urdbti ic Xibdkglgibtm si tuvm ic prmpûsgtm `i `goub`gr cms kmbmkglgibtms `i cd çpmkd sgb kmbtdr kmb cms li`gms pdrd iccm, pmr cm qui si kriû cd Dkd`ilgd [ikritmrul Bdturdi Bdturdi ib Bäpmcis. Läs tdr`i, ib ic sgecm _GGG si kridrmb dsmkgdkgmbis ib Xmld, Ocmribkgd y Zdrìs, mrgegbdb`m d ogbis `ic lgslm sgecm qui ib Cmb`ris si omrldrd cd Xmydc [mkgity. Dceubds oikfds d kmbtgbudkgûb ixpuistds pui`ib dktudr kmlm rioiribtis `i cms prglirms ivibtms, kuyd pcdbgogkdkgûb y inikukgûb lirikib sir kmlibtd`ms> 4?00> ib Uistodcgd si ridcgzd cd kmbvibkgûb gbtireuhirbdli gbtireuhirbdlibtdc btdc qui `urd kudtrm dôms. 4?64> ib Xmld si ccivd d kdhm ub kmberism `i cd Mredbgzdkgûb Lç`gkd Gbtirbdkgmbdc qui `urd `ms dôms. 4787> ib Lçxgkm si ridcgzd ic ivibtm `i cd Dsmkgdkgûb `i Deibtis `i Hmcitms `i Oirrmkdrrgcis Dlirgkdbms, mredbgzd`m pmr cd Dsmkgdkgûb `i Fmticis y Käldrd `i Kmlirkgm Dlirgkdbd kmb ubd kdbtg`d` dprmxgld`d `i 4:: dsgstibtis. 47;:-47;9> ib Lçxgkm si ridcgzdb kmbvibkgmbis kmbvibkgmbis y ivibtms mredbgzd`ds pmr kmlpdôìds `i sieurms y ic Xmtdry Kcuh Gbtirbdkgmbdc kmb ubd kdbtg`d` dprmxgld`d dprmxgld`d `i 9::: dsgstibtis. 47;?> ib Istd`ms Ybg`ms si ridcgzd ub ibkuibtrm mredbgzd`m pmr cd Dsmkgdkgûb `i Fmticis Pixdbms y Dlirgkdbms. 4704/4794> si suspib`ib cms ivibtms pmr cd 8.ª Euirrd lub`gdc. ;0

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

   

4798-47??> ib Istd`ms Ybg`ms si ccivdb d kdhm kmbvibkgmbis mredbgzd`ds pmr cd gb`ustrgd iciktrûbgkd, dutmlmtrgz y derìkmcd. 4758> ib Lçxgkm si ridcgzdb kmbvibkgmbis mredbgzd`ds pmr ic Kcuh `i Cimbis Gbtirbdkgmbdc kmb ubd dsgstibkgd `i dprmxgld`dlibti 8?.::: pirsmbds.

Pgpms `i Libsdnis Ilgtg`ms pmr cms Ivibtms I vibtms  Is sdhg`m qui cms ivibtms, ispikgdclibti ispikgdclibti ib cd dktudcg`d`, fdb d`qugrg`m ub glpmrtdbti kdräktir kmlubgkdkgmbdc. Fdb `ind`m `i sir –sglpcilibti“ kicihrdkgmbis, fmlibdnis, rgtudcis m kudcqugir mtrd omrld qui si d`dptd dc lmlibtm pdrd trdbsomrldrsi tdlhgçb ib präktgkds i gbli`gdtds firrdlgibtds `i kmlubgkdkgûb qui ib kmlhgbdkgûb kmb cd puhcgkg`d`, cd prmpdedb`d, cds ricdkgmbis pþhcgkds y ic ldraitgbe pui`ib eibirdr erdb`is kdlhgms ib cd du`gibkgd.   Cms kmcmris, drmlds, sdhmris, cd tgpmerdoìd utgcgzd`d ib cd siôdcgzdkgûb, siôdcgzdkgûb, cd lþsgkd y cms smbg`ms, cd `gspmsgkgûb `i cms icilibtms ib ic ispdkgm> tm`m iccm kmlubgkd. kmlubgkd. Is pmr istd rdzûb qui cms ivibtms smb utgcgzd`ms kd`d viz läs kmlm smpmrti puhcgkgtdrgm pmr pdrti `i cds erdb`is ldrkds, ldrkds, qugibis bm qugirib hdnm bgbeþb pubtm `i vgstd pir`irsi cd mpmrtubg`d` `i cciedr d su lirkd`m litd m tdreit ispikìogkm y pmr iccm pdtrmkgbdb, duspgkgdb y `db cd kdrd ib kd`d ritdzm `i dcomlhrd, pi`dzm `i pdri` y ib cms läs `gvirsms cuedris `mb`i pm`ir kmlubgkdr. Läs dccä `ic kmbkiptm lirdlibti puhcgkgtdrgm, ixgstib libsdnis ispikìogkms qui ic mredbgzd`mr ib kmbnubkgûb kmb ic `uiôm `ic ivibtm quirräb trdbslgtgr. Cms libsdnis qui pui`ib kmlubgkdrsi ib ub ivibtm smb> - gbtibkgmbdcis - bm gbtibkgmbdcis - ixpcìkgtms - glpcìkgtms - ixtirbms

Kmlm trdhdndr ib Ivibtms=  Cd tdrid `i mredbgzdr ub ivibtm glpcgkd lukfm läs qui ic fähgc ldbinm `i cms rikursms oìsgkms y ldtirgdcis. Dhdrkd mtrds dktgvg`d`is qui ixki`ib cds `i mpirdr iogkdzlibti ub fdb`y m ticçombm kicucdr. Yb dhdbgkm `i dkkgmbis si dhri dbti ic MZI (Mredbgzd`mr Zrmoisgmbdc `i Ivibtms) suldb`m d su rispmbsdhgcg`d` cd fdhgcg`d` `i cd `iciedkgûb y `iskibtrdcgzdkgûb `iskibtrdcgzdkgûb `i tdrids ib vdrgds  pirsmbds (ilpcid`ms1 (ilpcid`ms1 kmlpdôirms) kmlpdôirms) trdhdndr d cd pdr kmb `gstgbtms y `goiribtis prm prmvii`mris vii`mris (d cms kudcis trdtdr)yy kmbsg`irdr ubkmb kmlpdôirm `i tm`ms cms `ìds, kmlm d `ic ub –dcgd`m`ihirä istrdtçegkm“ istrdtçegkm“) ib kmbtdktmkmlm `griktm su/s nioi/s`iy trdhdnm ib kmlpcitd drlmbìd y dc sirvgkgm kcgibti. Zirm pmr smhri tm`ds cds kmsds `ihirä dprib`ir dprib`ir d kridr y ldbtibir vìbkucms / cdzms ouirtis, ogrlis y kriìhcis qui pirlgtdb qui cds `griktgvds prmbubkgd`ds sidb rispitd`ds y ibtib`g`ds, y bm tmld`ds kmlm lirds ûr`ibis dutmrgtdrgds y sgb oub`dlibtm. Ic MZI `ihi glpmbir rispitm y sieurg`d`, y cd linmr omrld `i fdkircm is d trdvçs `ic kmbmkglgibtm, ic istu`gm kmbstdbti y cd ixpirgibkgd ib kdlpm. @ihilms pibsdr qui sg d ubd ilprisd ci risuctd `goìkgc kridr y smstibir ub vìbkucm kmb sus ilpcid`ms tibgib`m kmb iccms ubd ricdkgûb `i ;?9 `ìds dc dôm `i 7.:: d 46.::, kuäb `goìkgc bms risuctdrä d bmsmtrms kmb tdb sûcm ?/48 y d vikis ; iskdsds fmrds `i kmbtdktm kmb pirsmbds qui tdc viz ndläs vmcvirilms d vir.

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odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

   

Pgpms `i Ivibtms  Ilprisdrgdcis> tgibib ubd trdskib`ibkgd pþhcgkd. [i mrgibtdb d mhtibir ub rç`gtm ikmbûlgkm, `i gldeib, kucturdc, itk.

[mkgdcis> älhgtm prgvd`m, odlgcgdr m `i ricdkgmbis fuldbds fuldbds..

Kcdsgogkdkgmb `i Ivibtms  Kucturdcis, i`ukdtgvms, omrldtgvms> ic mhnitm `i çstms is gbomrldr, `goub`gr, omrldr, kdpdkgtdr, ibrgquikir ic gbticiktm `i qugibis pdrtgkgpdb. In.> kmcdkgmbis `i erd`m / dktms dkd`çlgkms / fmlibdnis y kmblilmrdkgmbis / ibtried `i prilgms / `iskuhrglgibtm `i pcdkds / gbstgtukgûb `i ubd hikd m prilgm / virbgssdeis / kmboiribkgds-silgbdrgms-kmberisms1

Drtìstgkms> su ogb is ic `i ibtritibir, ibrgquikir ic ispìrgtu `i cms qui dsgstib, `db`m d kmbmkir `gstgbtds kucturds, çpmkds, kridkgmbis kridkgmbis y drtgstds. In.> ispiktäkucms ispiktäkucms `i tidtrm / lglm / `dbzd / kmrms / prisibtdkgûb `i cghrms, K@, vg`ims / oistgvdcis / kmbkursms `i drti, `dbzd, lþsgkd, kgbi / kmbkgirtms

Kmlirkgdcis / ilprisdrgdcis> smb cms qui pcdbtidb cds ilprisds kmlm pdrti `i su istrdtiegd `i ldraitgbe kmb ogbis kmlirkgdcis, yd sid pdrd cdbzdr ub prm`uktm dc lirkd`m, `dr d kmbmkir bmvi`d`is `i sirvgkgms d ogb `i dulibtdr sus vibtds, dtrdir dc kcgibti ixtirbm i gbtirbm m pdrd ldbtibir, lm`gogkdr m vdcmrgzdr cd gldeib, glpmbir ubd ldrkd, ubd tib`ibkgd. In.> `isogcis `i lm`d / gbdueurdkgmbis / cdbzdlgibtms `i prm`uktms / sfmwrmmls / kmberisms / oirgds y ixpmsgkgmbis / nmrbd`ds / wmrasfmps / `ieustdkgmbis / `isdyubms `i trdhdnm / prmlmkgmbis / dbgvirsdrgms / ogistds `i ogb `i dôm / vgsgtds d pcdbtd / vgdnis `i gbkibtgvm1

[mkgdcis>  ib eibirdc eibirdc smb `i kdräktir oistgvm y trdskgib`ib d cds pirsmbds qui dsgstib d çc. In.> dbgvirsdrgms / hm`ds / hdutgslms / oistinms / riubgmbis dlgstmsds m odlgcgdris / erd`udkgmbis / `ispi`g`ds / gbdueurdkgûb `i ubd kdsd / kmubtry / kulpcidôms1 kulpcidôms1

@ipmrtgvms> tgibib ricdkgûb kmb ic `isdrrmccm `ic ispìrgtu `ipmrtgvm, kmb ic kuctm `ic kuirpm y sus dptgtu`is oìsgkds pdrd ic `ipmrti, pdrd gbkibtgvdr cd dktgvg`d` y kmbtrghugr d ubd linmr kdcg`d` `i vg`d y mkupdkgûb `ic tgilpm cghri c ghri y cd sdbd kmlpitibkgd. In.> kdlpimbdtms / kcìbgkds / kmbkursms / mcglpgd`ds / ldrdtûb1

Zmcìtgkms> pui`ib sir `i ìb`mci mogkgdc, kmlm pmr inilpcm cd dsubkgûb `i ub oubkgmbdrgm m pmcìtgkm kmlm cms qui si ridcgzdb pdrd `dr d kmbmkir cd g`imcmeìd `i ub pdrtg`m m cd pcdtdomrld `i ub  pmcìtgkm. In.> kdlpdôds kdlpdôds prmsicgtgstds prmsicgtgstds / kmbkibtrdkgmbis kmbkibtrdkgmbis / `isogcis `isogcis / ldbgoistdkgmbis ldbgoistdkgmbis kdccinirds. kdccinirds.

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odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

   

Dceubms Ivibtms Ilprisdrgdcis 

_G[GPD D ZCDBPD Mhnitgvms d) dulibtdr y kmbsmcg`dr ic pristgegm `i cd ilprisd  h) gbomrldr y sdtgsodkir dc pþhcgkm. pþhcgkm. Kmbsgsti ib cd vgsgtd eugd`d `i cms gbtirisd`ms d cd pcdbtd, li`gdbti ub ixpirtm qui grä kmbtdb`m cms `gstgbtms prmkisms `i prm`ukkgûb. Zmr cm tdbtm, is ubd dktgvg`d` qui pirlgti dc pþhcgkm ixtirbm d cd mredbgzdkgûb ixpirglibtdr ixpirglibtdr ic `ìd d `ìd `i cd ilprisd prmvii`mrd `i cms prm`uktms y/m sirvgkgms qui kmbsuli. Cd vgsgtd d pcdbtd is ubd dktgvg`d` `i tgpm tgp m –ixpirgibkgdc“ qui qui`d erdhd`d ib cd cd lilmrgd lilmrgd y eibird priebdbkgd puistm qui ldtirgdcgzd ib fikfms, cds pdcdhrds `i cd puhcgkg`d`, cd prmpdedb`d y ic ldraitgbe, y dktþd kmlm smpmrti `i istds firrdlgibtds. [i fdki bikisdrgm qui cd mredbgzdkgûb kmmr`gbi cds dkkgmbis kmb kd`d ubm `i cms siktmris qui siräb vgsgtd`ms. Zdrd iccm `ihirä kmlubgkdrsi kmb ic gbvgtd`m y kmb ic pirsmbdc `i cd pcdbtd doiktd`m.

Ìtils d tibir ib kuibtd Kug`dr cd gldeib `i cd ilprisd ib kudbtm d cglpgizd y `iläs icilibtms qui, sgib`m prmpgms `i cd prm`ukkgûb, doiktdb cd glprisgûb `ic pþhcgkm dsgstibti. Ibtri mtrds li`g`ds `i `ihirä>

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_dccdr y drldr zmbds –sieurds“ `i träbsgtm  träbsgtm   Bm `gstrdir dc dc pirsmbdc `i trdhdnm trdhdnm Drldr ub priss agt (kdrpitd `i pribsd) pdrd mtmredr d cd pribsd y d cms gbvgtd`ms vgp1 Xidcgzdr ub pcdbm1 Ldrkdr ic kdlgbm1 Kmbtdr kmb omtûerdom1 Xidcgzdr mhsiqugms1 Morikir kmlg`d, riorgeirgm, itk.1 Zriviir rikipkgûb> ½`ûb`i= ½Tugçb= ½Kûlm=1 Mredbgzdr hgibvibg`d> pdcdhrds qui ib ub lgbutm `iogbdb ½qugçb= ½Kuäb`m= y ½`ûb`i=1

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Ivgtdr> Cd kmbousgûb `urdbti cd ccied`d `ic erupm, ic `isibkuibtrm kmb dkmlpdôdbtis, cd `gspirsgûb `ic vgsgtdbti>   @dr pmkd gbomrldkgûb m ixpcgkdkgmbis ixpcgkdkgmbis kmbousds (kû`gems bm ibtib`ghcis)1   Cd ldcd vgsudcgzdkgûb `ic prmkism1   Cms rmhms, pçr`g`ds y furtms1   Ibtriedr icilibtms `i sieurg`d` pdrd trdbsgtdr (kdskms, eudbtis, hmtds)1   Hrgb`dr ldtirgdc gbomrldtgvm1   Zmsiir prmerdld `i cd vgsgtd>   @iogbgr mhnitgvms1   Zripdrdr prmerdld tibtdtgvm y krmbmerdld krmbmerdld `i dktgvg`d`is1   Ibvgdr gbvgtdkgmbis> kmbtistdr d cds smcgkgtu`is y kmbogrldr1   Kdckucdr ic bþlirm `i vgsgtdbtis (ibtri 49 y ;:, suh`gvg`g`ms ib erupms)1 dkmlpdôdbtis `i dkuir`m kmb cd nirdrquìd `ic vgsgtdbti>   Zripdrdr dkmlpdôdbtis

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odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

XX. ZZ./ Eiribtis / Pçkbgkms

@iogbgr tgpm `i vgsgtd> Istu`gdbtis> Zrgldrgms> d pdrtgr `i 0.¾ erd`m, [ikub`drgms> `i dkuir`m kmb cd mrgibtdkgûb vmkdkgmbdc, vmkdkgmbdc, mogkgm, itk., Ybgvirsgtdrgms Ilprisdrgms Kmlirkgdbtis> vgsgtd `grgeg`d dc prm`uktm, Kmlirkgdbtis> Gb`ustrgdcis> vgsgtd `grgeg`d dc prmkism1 Oubkgmbdrgms> lubgkgpdcis / prmvgbkgdcis / bdkgmbdci bdkgmbdcis. s.

MYP@MMX M I_IBPM DC DGXI CGHXI Is ub ivibtm `mb`i si trdhdndb cds kmlpitibkgds läs ocmnds `i cms erupms fuldbms qui si `isdrrmccdb ib ubd ilprisd> ilprisd> cg`irdzem, kmlubgkdkgûb, trdhdnm ib iqugpm, kmbogdbzd, lmtgvdkgûb, tmld `i `ikgsgmbis, rismcukgûb `i prmhcilds, kmmr`gbdkgûb, mredbgzdkgûb, prmdktgvg`d`, kmmpirdkgûb, pirtibibkgd. Cd g`id `i istms ivibtms is dprib`ir, dcgbidr, lmtgvdr, gbtierdr ilpcid`ms i g`ids, tm`ms ib pms `i cms c ms mhnitgvms `i cd mredbgzdkgûb. @ihi tibirsi ib kuibtd> [icikkgûb `ic cuedr `mb`i `isilpiôdr `isilpiôdr cd dktgvg`d`> Cd `gsorutd `ic cghri sûcm pmr kmb ub rdtm. Pdr`ikdred`mris m tilprdbm`i dbsìd cds kmlm`g`d`is prmpgds `i eibti sus dlhgibtis `idgri biemkgms. ([dcd Gbtirbit, hdtirìd, cuedr `i trdhdnm y kmlubgkdkgmbis)1 Kmbtdr kmb>

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Gscds `i fg`rdtdkgûb1 Huibd kmlg`d y hihg`d1 Dktgvg`d`is –gbticgeibtis“1 –gbticgeibtis“1  [ieurg`d` y dsgstibkgd lç`gkd kmbstdbti1 kmbstdbti1 [dhir `i dbtildbm ic istd`m oìsgkm o ìsgkm `i kd`d pdrtgkgpdbti1 Prdhdndr kmb ub huib iqugpm `i –odkgcgtd`mris“ (prmoismris `i i`ukdkgûb oìsgkd, `ipmrtgstds, ispikgdcgstds ib rikridkgûb)1 rikridkgûb)1   Xi Xidcgzdr dcgzdr ub huib –riskdti“ –riskdti“ m –hdnd`d“ (ixpirtm ib XX.FF., psgkûcmem, smkgûcmem, itk.). 

KMBEXI[M Is ubd riubgûb eibirdclibti eibirdclibti kirrd`d y luy glpmrtdbti ib cd qui cms c ms lgilhrms `i ubd dsmkgdkgûb u mredbgslm si ibkuibtrdb pdrd trdtdr tilds pri`itirlgbd`ms y tmldr `ikgsgmbis. Ixgstib tris tgpms `i kmberisms> Kmberisms dhgirtms> `i cghri dkkism, `mb`i si pdrtgkgpd d tm`ds cds pirsmbds y ibtg`d`is ricdkgmbd`ds kmb ic tild. Kmberisms kirrd`ms> eibirdclibti eibirdclibti ricdkgmbd`ms kmb mredbgslms mogkgdcis1 sûcm smb pdrd gbvgtd`ms ispikgdclibti ispikgdcl ibti pdrtgkgpd`ms. Kmberisms lgxtms> ib iccms cms gbvgtd`ms ispikgdcis bm dhmbdb cd gbskrgpkgûb pirm sì ic ristm `i cms pdrtgkgpdbtis. Ib cd ldymrìd `i cms kdsms, isti tçrlgbm si dpcgkd d riubgmbis gbtirbdkgmbdcis `i kgibkgds lç`gkds m prmoisgmbdcis sgb ixkcugr mtrm tgpm `i mredbgzdkgmbis. Cms kmberisms si ;6

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

derupdb sieþb `goiribtis ärids tilätgkds> smkgdc, kucturdc, kgibtìogkd, itk., cd qui d su viz si `gvg`ib ib kmlgtçs. Cms kmberisms gbtirbdkgmbdcis `ihiräb dbubkgdrsi ib dceubms kdsms fdstd kmb 80 lisis `i dbtgkgpdkgûb, cms cdtgbmdlirgkdbms, kmb 48 lisis y cms bdkgmbdcis, kmb 4: lisis. Ic kmberism is ubm `i cms ivibtms läs kmlpcinms pdrd mredbgzdr pmr> [u `urdkgûb qui pui`i sir `i ibtri `ms d kgbkm `ìds, Cd kdbtg`d` `i pdrtgkgpdbtis y `gsirtdbtis, Cd lm`dcg`d` y cd `gvirsg`d` `i cds riubgmbis. Istms ivibtms si ridcgzdb ib fmticis, kibtrms `i kmbvibkgûb, pdcdkgms m hurûs. [g hgib cms dsgstibtis  huskdb cd gbomrldkgûb y cd dktudcgzdkgûb dktudcgzdkgûb `i cms prmoisgmbdcis, prmoisgmbdcis, tdlhgçb cd gbtirricdkgûb `ic pmskmberism (riubgmbis smkgdcis m tmurs turìstgkms) si tmld luy ib kuibtd. Eibirdclibti, si `isdrrmccdb tris sisgmbis pcibdrgds> d) cd gbdueurdc, qui gbomrld smhri cd ogbdcg`d` y dbubkgd cms tilds pmr trdtdr  h) cd li`gd, qui is pdrd cd kmbsg`irdkgûb kmbsg`irdkgûb `i cms trdhdnms pricglgbdris, pricglgbdris, k) cd ogbdc, qui is `mb`i si icdhmrdb cds kmbkcusgmbis y cms `mkulibtms `ic kmberism. kmberism. Ic kmberism si gbgkgd kmb ub dktm `i dpirturd, cuiem tgibib cuedr ubd riubgûb pcibdrgd u mtrds  pdrdcicds y ub dktm dktm `i kgirri. kgirri.

Mhnitgvms `i cms kmberisms Ic mhnitgvm prgldrgm y prgbkgpdc `i cms kmberisms is pirlgtgr ic gbtirkdlhgm `i kmbmkglgibtms ibtri cms pdrtgkgpdbtis. @i dccì si `isprib`i qui mredbgzdr ub kmberism is kridr cms iskibdrgms bikisdrgms pdrd qui isd trdbsoiribkgd `i sdhiris si `isdrrmcci `i cd omrld läs iogkgibti pmsghci. Zirm pdrd qui iccm mkurrd is glpriskgb`gh g lpriskgb`ghci ci kmbtdr kmb ub d`ikud`m erupm `griktgvm. Ib eibirdc, ib cms kmberisms `i ldebgtu`, istd `grikkgûb m ldbdeilibt oubkgmbd ib omrld sglgcdr dc `i cds erdb`is ilprisds, yd qui suicib tibir ub `griktmrgm kmb ub prisg`ibti y ub eiribti eibirdc, qui inikutd cds `ikgsgmbis `ic `griktmrgm. Cms kmberisms, pmr su pdrti, tgibib ub kmlgtç inikutgvm bmlhrd`m pmr cd ibtg`d` mredbgzd`mrd, kmbomrld`m pmr ub prisg`ibti (lukfds vikis is ic lgslm prisg`ibti `i cd ibtg`d`) y kmbtrdtdb ub MZK (Mredbgzd`mr Zrmoisgmbdc `i Kmberisms), m sid ic "eiribti `i prmyiktms" `ic kmberism  pmr mredbgzdr. Cds ricdkgmbis kmlgtç - MZK smb `i erdb ricivdbkgd, pmrqui ic MZK, dc pcdbgogkdr y `isdrrmccdr cd mredbgzdkgûb `i ub kmberism, `ihi gbtirpritdr y kulpcgr kdhdclibti tm`ds cds `griktgvds `ic kmlgtç. Is libistir kmbsg`irdr qui, pdrd ubd iogkgibti omrldkgûb `i ub kmberism `i tdldôd ldebgtu`, si suici `gvg`gr dc pirsmbdc ibkdred`m `i su mredbgzdkgûb ib `gstgbtms kmlgtçs, d sdhir> -

Kmlgtç Pçkbgkm Kmlgtç D`lgbgstrdtgvm Kmlgtç `i Ogbdbzds Kmlgtç `i Xicdkgmbi Xicdkgmbiss Zþhcgkds Kmlgtç `i Mpirdkgmbis Kmlgtç `i Kmlirkgd Kmlirkgdcgzdkgûb cgzdkgûb

Kmbsg`irdb`m, qui `gkfms kmlgtçs pisdräb smhri cd ogeurd `i YB [MCM MXEDBG^D@MX y dceubms kmcdhmrd`mris, dubdrilms dubdrilms tm`ms cms pubtms qui fdräb pmsghcis cd kmmr`gbdkgûb `ic ivibtm ib ubd lgsld pirsmbd. ;7

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

KMB_IBKGÛB Cd kmbvibkgûb is ubd riubgûb gbomrldtgvd, omrldc y eibirdcgzd`d ‛  eibirdcgzd`d ‛ qui qui pui`i sir dhgirtd m bm ‛  `i  `i ub erupm `i pirsmbds qui kmlpdrtib gbtirisis sglgcdris, yd sidb kmlirkgdcis, gb`ustrgdcis,  prmoisgmbdcis, pmcìtgkms, pdrtgkucdris, pdrtgkucdris, ricgegmsms m `i mtrd ìb`mci y qui kmbvireib ib ubd oikfd y cuedr `itirlgbd`ms privgdlibti pdrd kmbvgvgr, trdtdr dsubtms `i gbtirçs kmlþb y tmldr, ib dceubms kdsms, `ikgsgmbis dc rispiktm. [ieþb su kdräktir, cd kmbvibkgûb pui`i sir gbstgtukgmbdc, `i dsmkgdkgmbis m ilprisdrgdc. Cds kmbvibkgmbis kmrpmrdtgvds smb cds qui mredbgzdb cds erdb`is ilprisds kmb ic mhnitm `i lmtgvdr, kdpdkgtdr y ibtribdr d su pirsmbdc. [i kdrdktirgzdb pmr sir mhcgedtmrgds y orikuibtis, kmb ub erdb vmculib `i dsgstibkgd, yd qui cms edstms istäb d kdrem `i cd ilprisd.

OIXGD W IVZM[GKGMBI[ Fgstmrgd Ib cd I`d` Li`gd cds oirgds m erdb`is lirkd`ms riubìdb d cms kmlirkgdbtis kmb ic pritixtm `i kicihrdr ogistds ricgegmsds, dprmvikfdb`m cd docuibkgd `i vgsgtdbtis qui pmr isms lmtgvms si kmberiedhdb.

@iogbgkgûb Cds oirgds y ixpmsgkgmbis smb dktgvg`d`is d trdvçs `i cds kudcis si prmlmkgmbdb, ixfghib, `goub`ib y si `db d kmbmkir prm`uktms m sirvgkgms ricdkgmbd`ms kmb cd tilätgkd eibirdc.

Mrgeib `i cd Ixpm [ureib `i tris bikisg`d`is ilprisdrgdcis häsgkds •Ic gbtirkdlhgm kmlirkgdc1  kmlirkgdc1  •Ic gbtirkdlhgm `i gbomrldkgûb1  gbomrldkgûb1  •Cd kmlubgkdkgûb `griktd (odki tm odki). Bg cd tikbmcmeìd tikbmcmeìd bg ic lub`m vgrtudc fdb pm`g`m suprglgr cd glpmrtdbkgd `i vir, prmhdr, tmkdr y sibtgr ib kdrbi prmpgd ub prm`uktm y kmbmkir dc pristd`mr `i çsti.

_ibtdnds ib cds vibtds Xdzmbis pmr cd qui cd eibti vd d cds Ixpm Huskd gbomrldkgûb> [mhri cms þctglms istgcms y lm`ds `i cd gb`ustrgd1 [mhri cms þctglms d`icdbtms tikbmcûegkms1 [mhri `ûb`i kmlprdr m d`qugrgr ub prm`uktm1 [mhri cms prm`uktms/ sirvgkgms `iskmbmkg`ms1 `iskmbmkg`ms1 Tui cis pirlgtd ivdcudr prm`uktms m sirvgkgms yd kmbmkg`ms. [i ibkuibtrd kmb> Pm`ms cms prmvii`mris ib ub lgslm cuedr1 Cms pdris ib ub lgslm cuedr. Kûlm gbocuyi ib iccd ic gr d ubd Ixpm> 0:

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

Kmlprd `ibtrm `i cms sgeugibtis buivi lisis1 Zcdbid kmlprdr `ibtrm `i cms `mki lisis1 Pgibi gbocuibkgd ib cd `ikgsgûb `i kmlprd1  Bm fdhìd sg`m ccdld`d ccdld`d pmr ub riprisibtdbti riprisibtdbti `i vibtds `i cd ogrld1 Pgibi ic pm`ir `i iskrghgr ub kfiqui ib ic lmlibtm. lmlibtm.

Kcdsgogkdkgûb `i cds Ixpm - 

Dhgirtds> pþhcgkm ib eibirdc, kmb ic pdem `i ubd ibtrd`d m sgb iccd.

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Kirrd`ds> tgpm `i kmbkurribti ib pdrtgkucdr, ispikìogkms (prmoisgmbdcis/ilprisdrgms). [ieþb cd sgtudkgûb `ic pdìs, kmb ibtrd`d pded m erdtugtd.

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Eibirdcis> erdb dhdbgkm `i pmsghgcg`d`is, sgb ispikgogkdr pþhcgkm. In.> rurdc1 oirgd `i cds bdkgmbis, Eibirdcis> itk.

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Lmbmeräogkds> dpubtd d ub tgpm `i prm`uktm. In.> oirgd `ic cghrm, `ic dutmlûvgc.

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Oirgds> ixpmsgkgmbis dhgirtds dhgirtds dc pþhcgkm, kmb mrgibtdkgûb d cd vibtd `griktd. In.> oirgd `ic cghrm.

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Ixpmsgkgmbis/trd`i sfmws> sfmws kmlirkgdcis. Ivibtms lmbmeräogkms, kirrd`ms y ispikìogkms Ixpmsgkgmbis/trd`i .sdcmbis/ixfghgkgmbis> smb dhgirtms. Bm vib`ib `griktdlibti sgbm qui `iluistrdb tikbmcmeìd, lm`d, dvdbkis, itk.

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Umrasfmps> smb ub tgpm `i ixpmsgkgûb hrivi, kirrd`d, puis cd vibtd istä `grgeg`d d lgilhrms `i ubd lgsld gb`ustrgd m dktgvg`d` (ldymrgstds, lgbmrgstds, riprisibtdbtis, kmlprd`mris). Kdpdkgtdkgûb,, dktudcgzdkgûb prmoisgmbdc (gbtirkdlhgm `i tdrgods, gbomrldkgûb) y `ilmstrdkgûb `i Kdpdkgtdkgûb bmvi`d`is smb dceubds `i cds dktgvg`d`is.

LIEDI_IBPM  Lied prmvgibi `ic ergiem qui sgebgogkd ‖erdb`i‗ m ‖dlpcgdkgûb‗. [i `ibmlgbd dsì d tm`m ivibtm `i erdb ldebgtu`, tdbtm pmr cd `urdkgûb, pmr cd prmerdldkgûb, pmr cd kdbtg`d` `i pdrtgkgpdbtis m  pþhcgkm kmlm pmr pmr cd trdskib`ibkgd trdskib`ibkgd qui pui`d pui`d tibir. [mb [mb inilpcms `i liedivi liedivibtms btms cms lub`gdcis `ipmrtgvms, cms oistgvdcis lusgkdcis y cds riubgmbis `i ub lìbglm `i ibtri ;::: y 0::: pirsmbds.

½Kuäcis smb cms kug`d`ms qui si `ihib tibir=  Bm tm`ds cds kdccis, kgu`d`is, istd`gms m kcuhis istäb pripdrd`ms pdrd ubd kdbtg`d` `i pþhcgkm ldymr qui ic privgstm pdrd ic usm bmrldc, pmr cm qui si `ihib tibir ib kuibtd, luy ispikgdclibti> •  •  • 

Cms dkkisms y sdcg`ds, Cds sdcg`ds `i ilireibkgd, Cd huibd vgsghgcg`d`.

Lukfds vikis si kmbstruyib erd`ds, vdccd`ms, luy glprmvgsd`ms1 sg hgib tm`m is ioìlirm y si drldb pdrd ubm m vdrgms `ìds, pmr supuistm bm is dcem `iogbgtgvm, pirm geudc si `ihirä riomrzdr ic kug`d`m ib isi dspiktm. Pdlhgçb istäb cds pirsmbds qui `isidb dkirkdrsi läs d su ì`mcm m d`icdbtdrsi m bm vib hgib y sdctidb hutdkds m erd`ds sgb pristdr ldymr dtibkgûb1 pdrd istm is oub`dlibtdc kmbtdr kmb ic kmrrispmb`gibti pirsmbdc `i sieurg`d` y vgegcdbkgd, sgilpri prmoisgmbdcgzd`ms. 04

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

Zrmhcilds läs orikuibtis> Zirsmbdc `i sieurg`d` qui si ixtrdcglgtd1 [dcg`ds `i ilireibkgd ilireibkgd hcmquid`ds1 Picçombm kmb kdb`d`ms1 Erd`ds qui si kdib m si `ispcmldb m si rdndb pmr cd kdbtg`d` `i pism qui smpmrtdb, d vikis pmr bm istdr hgib kmcmkd`ds m pmr bm tibir d`ikud`ms kirrdlgibtms kirrdlgibtms y dbkcdnis1 Decmlirdkgûb `i pirsmbds ib dkkisms1 Ldcd siôdcgzdkgûb1 Iskdsiz `i sdbgtdrgms m ldc kug`d`ms1 Zmkd gculgbdkgûb pdrd cds sdcg`ds `i ilireibkgd1 Zirsmbdc glprmvgsd`m1 g lprmvgsd`m1 Xivibtd `i ibtrd`ds1 Zmkms dkmlm`d`mris.

[ueiribkgds> [mcgkgtdr cms pirlgsms kmrrispmb`gibtis1 kmrrispmb`gibtis1 Zmsiir istrukturds ridcgzd`ds pmr prmoisgmbdcis1 prmoisgmbdcis1 Kmbtrmcdr cds kmbstrukkgmbis1 kmbstrukkgmbis1 Xiomrzdr sdbgtdrgms, deud y pirsmbdc `i cglpgizd y ldbtibglgibtm1 Kmbtdr kmb pirsmbdc `i sieurg`d` prmoisgmbdcgzd`m1 prmoisgmbdcgzd`m1 Zrmhdr iqugpms1 Kmbtdr kmb huibd siôdcgzdkgûb> is g`idc trdhdndr kmb kmcmris y siktmrgzdr> -ldrkdr cds ibtrd`ds, -siôdcdr cds puirtds `i dkkism, -`gstgbeugr cds erd`ds y ic pirsmbdc kmb cd vistglib vistglibtd td m dceþb `itdcci ispikgdc, ispikgdc, dcem tdb sglpci qui ivgtd prieubtds y pçr`g`ds `i tgilpm.

KMBOIXIBKGD Cd kmboiribkgd is ubd riubgûb ib cd qui ubd m vdrgds pirsmbds ixpmbib ib tmrbm d ub tild `itirlgbd`m. Eibirdclibti, Eibirdclibti, cds kmboiribkgds tgibib cuedr ib ub rikgbtm kirrd`m `mb`i ic pþhcgkm istä sibtd`m. Ic du`gtmrgm `ihi istdr pripdrd`m pdrd smcdlibti iskukfdr, `d`m qui cd kmlubgkdkgûb kmlubgkdkgû b vd ib ub sûcm sibtg`m. Cd `gousgûb privgd si fdki d trdvçs `i cds sikkgmbis ispikìogkds `i cms `gdrgms m ib li`gms ispikgdcgzd`ms. Lukfds kmboiribkgds smb erdtugtds, sgilpri fdy ub prisibtd`mr qui, kmb ubds  hrivis pdcdhrds, `d ic pirogc `ic qui läs d`icdbti fdhcdrä. Is bikisdrgm qui ic mredbgzd`mr kmbmzkd cd `urdkgûb `i cd `gsirtdkgûb y cds bikisg`d`is `ic mrd`mr dkirkd `ic iqugpdlgibtm tçkbgkm, kmlm  pdrcdbtis y lgkrûombms. Pdlhgçb si riquirgrä, ib dceubms kdsms, ritrmprmyiktmr, ritrmprmyiktmr, vg`ims m ZK,  pdrd fdkir fdkir läs dlibd dlibd cd kfdrcd kfdrcd m pdrd vgsud vgsudcgzdr cgzdr linmr linmr cms tilds prmpuistms. prmpuistms.

_G@IMKMBOIXIBKGD Cd vg`im kmboiribkgd is cd `gousgûb ib omrld sgluctäbid y ib `gvirsms cuedris `i ubd lgsld kmboiribkgd. Zm`rilms rikmr`dr cds kmboiribkgds mredbgzd`ds pmr M[@I ib omrld kmbnubtd ib Huibms Dgris (`is`i `mb`i si trdbslgtìdb), Kûr`mhd y Ldr `ic Zcdtd. Cm lgslm kmb kudcqugir mtrd kgu`d` m pdìs. Cuiem si mredbgzdb cds prieubtds. Eibirdclibti, si ognd ub tgilpm `itirlgbd`m d kd`d kgu`d` pdrd `dr cd pmsghgcg`d` d tm`ms `i pdrtgkgpdr.

08

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

KMCMTYGM D `goiribkgd `i cds dsdlhcids, is ubd riubgûb gbomrldc ib cd qui ixpirtms m prmoisgmbdcis `i `gvirsds `gskgpcgbds ixpmbib sus kmbmkglgibtms, si `gskuti ic tild prmpuistm y pui`i m bm cciedrsi d ub dkuir`m. Ic kmcmqugm is ub gbtirkdlhgm `i g`ids `i `gousgûb pþhcgkd.

[ILGBDXGM Ic silgbdrgm is ubd riubgûb `i istu`gm. Dsì, smhri ub tild `itirlgbd`m, kd`d `gsirtdbti ixpmbi ib omrld gb`gvg`udc `is`i su ärid ispikìogkd m `is`i su pubtm `i vgstd. Ic tild prmpuistm si `isdrrmccd gbtierdclibti y ib prmoub`g`d`. Cms `gsirtdbtis bm bikisgtdb istdr `i dkuir`m bg `gviregr. Dc ogbdcgzdr pui`i ibtriedrsi ub kirtgogkd`m qui dkri`gtd cd pdrtgkgpdkgûb. pdrtgkgpdkgûb.

[GLZM[GM @ic ergiem, sglpmsgul. Cms sglpmsgms irdb cms dcluirzms qui ridcgzdhdb cms lç`gkms pdrd `gskutgr ubd iboirli`d`, ub `gdebûstgkm m ub trdtdlgibtm. Dktudclibti `isgebd cd riubgûb `i ub erupm `i ibtri tris y sigs ixpirtms m tçkbgkms qui `mlgbdb ubd prmoisgûb y trdtdb ub tild ispikìogkm kuym  prmpûsgtm is is ixpmbircm ixpmbircm kmb g`ids m pubtms `i vgstd `gvireibtis `gvireibtis dbti ub ub du`gtmr du`gtmrgm gm qui kmlpdrti isi gbtirçs. Kd`d ubm `i iccms ixpmbi ib omrld gb`gvg`udc, kmfiribti y sukisgvdlibti `urdbti 49 d 8: lgbutms, d vikis kmmr`gbd`ms pmr ub lm`ird`mr.

LI[D XI@MB@D Ib `gbälgkd `i erupms, istd `ibmlgbdkgûb is pdrd riubgmbis sglgcdris dc sglpmsgm pirm cms ixpmbibtis tgibib pubtms `i vgstd `gvireibtis, `goiribtis u mpuistms, cm qui cms ccivd cc ivd d `ihdtgr. Cd lisd ri`mb`d tgibi ubd `urdkgûb ibtri 9: d ?: lgbutms y pdrtgkgpdb ibtri kudtrm y sigs  pirsmbds. Zmr Zmr mtrm cd`m, cd`m, sgilpri sgilpri is kmb`ukg`d pmr ub kmmr`gbd`mr, ic kudc kudc fdki cds prisibtdkgmbis prisibtdkgmbis `i kd`d pdrtgkgpdbti y ci `d `giz lgbutms d kd`d ubm pdrd su ixpmsgkgûb. Dc ogbdcgzdr, si moriki ub ispdkgm pdrd prieubtds.

ZDBIC Ic pdbic tgibi `ms dkipkgmbis. @is`i ic pubtm `i vgstd `i cd `gbälgkd erupdc, is cd riubgûb ib cd qui ub erupm `i fdstd mkfm pirsmbds kmbvirsdb cghril cghrilibti ibti ibtri sì pdrd `dr su mpgbgûb smhri ub tild bm `gsirtdb sgbmyqui `ihdtibcms `i tgilpms ubd ldbird gbomrldc, dktþd dprmxgld`m sgilpri ub `i mrd`mr`itirlgbd`m1 qui cis vd `db`m c d pdcdhrd cd ldrkdb`m `urdbti ub pirgm`m ubd fmrd. Dc ogbdcgzdr, cms pdrtgkgpdbtis pui`ib sgbtitgzdr sgbtitgzdr sus g`ids y si moriki ub ispdkgm dc du`gtmrgm pdrd cds prieubtds.

UMXA[FMZ @ic gbecçs> ‖riubgûb `i trdhdnm‗. Ic tçrlgbm bdki `i cds riubgmbis `i turgslm pirm si fd ixtib`g`m d tm`m dquiccm qui sid trdhdnm `i tdccir. Ic wmrasfmp is pdrd prmoisgmbdcis `i ub lgslm ruhrm, dktgvg`d` m prmoisgûb. Zui`i fdkirsi ib cms sdcmbis `i ub fmtic `mb`i kd`d ixpmsgtmr moriki ub ispdkgm `i `gäcmem y `i gbomrldkgûb d cms prmoisgmbdcis `ic ruhrm. Is ubd riubgûb kirrd`d, pmr gbvgtdkgûb.

0;

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

OMXM Ic omrm is ubd riubgûb ibomkd`d d prmpgkgdr ic gbtirkdlhgm `i mpgbgmbis y kmbkiptms pmr pdrti `i cms pdrtgkgpdbtis, qugibis pmstirgmrlibti `gskutib m rispmb`ib d tilds ispikìogkms `i sus  pmbibkgds kmb ic du`gtmrgm. Eibirdclibti, Eibirdclibti, tgibi cuedr dc ogbdcgzd ogbdcgzdrr ub sglpmsgm m lisd ri`mb`d y cms gbtierdbtis `ihib ldbgoistdr kmbkiptms mpuistms. Kd`d ubm fdhcd `urdbti ubms `ms m tris lgbutms. Cm lgslm mkurri ib ub sglpmsgm, ib ic qui tm`ms tgibib g`ids `gvireibtis. Bm fdy `gsirtdbtis qui kmbogeurib ub pdbic, y ic ispdkgm oìsgkm is läs dlpcgm y dhgirtm, kmlm ub du`gtmrgm.

@IHDPI Ic `ihdti is ubd riubgûb gbomrldc qui `urd 9: m ?: lgbutms ib cd qui ub erupm `i ibtri `giz d vigbti pirsmbds gbtirkdlhgdb g`ids1 suici sir eugd`d pmr ub lm`ird`mr m kmb`uktmr. Zmrtdvmkis `i kd`d erupm ixprisdb sus mpgbgmbis `i dkuir`m kmb sus riecds `i tgilpm y tilds `i `gskusgûb. Zui`i sir prisibkgd`d pmr ic pþhcgkm y dþb trdbslgtg`d `griktdlibti pmr li`gms `i `gousgûb.

DKPM[ GB[PGPYKGMBDCI[ Ib ivibtms d cms qui si gbvgtd d oubkgmbdrgms `ic emhgirbm m `ic älhgtm `gpcmlätgkm, is bikisd bikisdrgm rgm kdbdcgzdr d trdvçs `i sus deibtis `i kirilmbgdc y prmtmkmcm cms likdbgslms bikisdrgms ib kudbtm d[gprmerdldkgûb, oikfds uhgkdkgûb `i kmbkurribtis. ic ivibtm privç ubd ysirgi `i `gskursms pdrd su gbdueurdkgûb, ic mr`ib `i ixpmsgkgûb `i cms mrd`mris `ihi sir gbvirsm, `i libmr d ldymr nirdrquìd. Is oub`dlibtdc qui cd kdbtg`d` `i pþhcgkm dsgstibti istç dsieurd`d ib ic ldymr pmrkibtdni pmsghci li`gdbti kmbogrldkgûb ticioûbgkd. Yb dspiktm `gstgbtgvm ib cd `gousgûb> cd kmhirturd pirgm`ìstgkd `ic ivibtm `ihirä gbkcugr bmtds d cds dutmrg`d`is dsgstibtis.

KD[DLGIBPM  Fdy `gstgbtds omrlds `i oistindrcm, kmb kirilmbgd ricgegmsd m bm. Dceubds vikis cd ogistd is  pmstirgmr d cd kirilmbgd kirilmbgd ricgegmsd1 ricgegmsd1 ib mtrds mkdsgmbis, mkdsgmbis, `urdbti ic trdbskursm `i cd riubgûb si fdki fdki ubd kirilmbgd prgvd`d pdrd ic gbtirkdlhgm `i cms dbgccms. Ib cd ogistd `i kdsdlgibtm is glpriskgb`ghci qui fdyd ub smcm kmmr`gbd`mr. D su viz, pmr pdrti `i cms bmvgms is g`idc trdtdr kmb ubd smcd pirsmbd. Ic `gsk nmkaiy, ic smbg`gstd, ic ldgtri y ic mredbgzd`mr mredbgzd`mr `ihib tibir ub prmerdld `mb`i ogeuri lgbutm d lgbutm ic `isdrrmccm `i cd ogistd (pmr inilpcm, sg si hdgcd ibtri pcdtm y pcdtm, ogndr cd `urdkgûb `ic hdgci1 ic fmrdrgm `i cd ibtried `i kmtgccûb, ic lmlibtm `i kmrtdr cd tmrtd, ic vdcs, ic pdsi `i cged, ic kdrbdvdc kdrgmkd, itk). Ic fmrdrgm pdrd cd kirilmbgd ricgegmsd (m `i cd rikipkgûb ib kdsm `i qui si ridcgki smcdlibti cd riubgûb smkgdc) pui`i vdrgdr, sgib`m cds mpkgmbis `i cd ldôdbd y cd bmkfi cds läs fdhgtudcis. [g ibtri cms gbvgtd`ms dsgstib bgôms, si pripdrd ubd kmlg`d y ibtritibglgibtms pdrd iccms1 si kmbtrdtd ubd ldistrd ndr`gbird m ispikgdcgstd ib rikridkgûb pdrd qui cms ldbtibed ibtritibg`ms ibtritibg`ms y pirlgtdb `gsorutdr d sus pd`ris. Ic tgpm `i rikipkgûb `ihirä sir dkmr`i d cd kirilmbgd ricgegmsd  ‛  ib   ib kdsm qui si fdyd ridcgzd`my dc `isim `i cms bmvgms.

00

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

KMBKYX[M[  Yb kmbkursm si `gvg`i ib vdrgds itdpds. [i kmlgibzd pmr istdhcikir cds hdsis, icdhmrdr ub riecdlibtm y `isgebdr ub nurd`m. Wd sid pdrd ub kmbkursm `i pgbturd, `i stdb`s ib ubd ixpmsgkgûb m `i sicikkgûb `i cd linmr prmlmtmrd, itk, sgilpri gbtirvgibi ub nurd`m ic kudc icgei d ubd m vdrgds  pirsmbds, `i dkuir`m dkuir`m d cds kdtiemrìds qui si fdydb fdydb ognd`m, y d`nu`gkd ic prilgm. prilgm. [ieþb ic tgpm `i kmbkursm pui`i fdkirsi ub dktm pþhcgkm pdrd cd ibtried `i prilgms qui pm`rä tibir `goiribtis kdrdktirìstgkds kdrdktirìstgk ds `i dkuir`m d cd ibvired`urd, prisupuistm prisupuistm y tgpm `i prilgm, `i hiccizd. Is fdhgtudc ridcgzdr isti tgpm `i kmbkursms pdrd cd icikkgûb `i cd rigbd `i dceubd kgu`d`, riegûb, prm`uktm, itk. Cuiem `i cds kdtiemrìds `i prgbkisds si icgei cd rigbd. Ib buistrm pdìs ic kmbkursm läs glpmrtdbti is cd icikkgûb `i lgss dreibtgbd, qui cuiem si prisibtd  pdrd kmlpitgr kmlpitgr ib ic `i lgss lub`m. Mtrms kmbkursms kmbkursms `i hicciz hiccizdd glpmrtdbtis smb ic `i rigbd rigbd `i cd vib`glgd, qui si ridcgzd ib Lib`mzd1 ic `i cd rigbd `ic ldr, ib ldr `ic pcdtd y cd rigbd bdkgmbdc `ic turgslm. Ib ic kdsm `i isti tgpm `i kmbkursms, `ihirä tibirsi ib kuibtd qui cd edbd`mrd riprisibtd d su pdìs, pmr cm qui tgibi qui pmsiir mtrds kudcg`d`is dpdrti `i hiccizd oìsgkd y kmbmkglgibtms, kmlm kucturd eibirdc, `mlgbgm `i cds riecds `i prmtmkmcm y sdhir dktudr kmrriktdlibti kmrriktdl ibti ib smkgi`d` kmb kmr`gdcg`d` y dldhgcg`d`. 

CDB^DLGIBPM  Is cd prisibtdkgûb prmlmkgmbdc `i ub prm`uktm m sirvgkgm y pui`i ridcgzdrsi ib cd lgsld pcdbtd `i prm`ukkgûb kmlm ib kudcqugir mtrm sgtgm. Mhnitgvm> kmlirkgdcgzdkgûb kmlirkgdcgzdkgûb `ic prm`uktm. Zmsgkgmbdl Zmsgkgmbdlgibtm gibtm `i gldeib [i `ihi tibir ib kuibtd

                   

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[g ic prm`uktm istä kmb`gkgmbd`m pmr i`d`, pm`ir d`qugsgtgvm, bgvic smkgm-kucturdc. Cuedr `i ridcgzdkgûb `ic ivibtm [g is istdkgmbdc [g is ub ivibtm lgxtm (prmvii`mris y kcgibtis) [g is dhgirtm (pþhcgkm y pirgm`gstds) [g is kirrd`m (kcgibtis gbtirbms) [g si fdki sgluctäbim ib `gstgbtms kmlirkgms, pubtms `i vibtd, sfmppgbes, itk [g is cmkdc [g is riegmbdc [g is bdkgmbdc Is glpmrtdbti ubd kdrpitd `i prisibtdkgûb, vg`im gcustrdtgvm, `ieustdkgûb, itk. Zdrd pribsd y kcgibtis. D`iläs `i cd `iskrgpkgûb m luistrd `ic prm`uktm pm`räb morikirsi mtrms ispiktäkucms dogbis.

@I[KYHXGLGIBPM @I ZCDKD  Isti dktm prmtmkmcdr sgebgogkd ic rikmbmkglgibtm d dceubd pirsmbd, ic fmlibdni d ub fikfm m ic rikmr`dtmrgm `i ubd sgtudkgûb qui lirizkd sir `istdkd`d `istdkd`d y pdrd qui bm kdged ib ic mcvg`m. Zui`i ridcgzdrsi ib ic gbtirgmr `i ubd gbstgtukgûb, `mb`i si glpmbi ic bmlhri d ubd sdcd, sdcûb, du`gtmrgm, ducd ldebd m ridcgzdrcd dc dgri cghri, ib cd kdcci, ib ubd pcdzd, ib ub lmbulibtm, lmbulibtm, ib ub ärhmc, `iskuhrgçb`msi cd pcdkd dc kmrrir ub pdôm. [i gbvgtd d dutmrg`d`is, odlgcgdris m `iskib`gibtis `ic fmlibdnid`m, dculbms, smkgms `i dkuir`m d cds kdrdktirìstgkds `ic dktm. Ybd m `ms pirsmbds fdhcdb hrivilibti, yd qui eibirdclibti ic pþhcgkm istä `i pgi. Zui`i mhsiqugdrsi ub piredlgbm ogrld`m pmr cms prisibtis, ub cghrm –`i mrm“, ub rdlm `i ocmris, ib ic kdsm qui istç 09

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

 

 prisibti dceubd siômrd (odlgcgdr `ic f fmlibdnid` mlibdnid`m m y morikir ub pi piquiôm quiôm kmbvgti ((sg sg is dc dgri dgri cghri, istm bm is bikisdrgm). Inilpcm. [i pmbi ic bmlhri `i ldrgdbm lmris d ubd kdcci, ic `i Hmreis d ubd pcdzd, dquì vgvgû... M si `isgebd d cd kmbocuibkgd `i `ms kdccis tìpgkds `i ubd kgu`d` –cd isqugbd `ic tdbem“. tdbem“.

ZXI[IBPDKGÛB @I CGHXM[  Zui`i fdkirsi ib ubd cghrirìd, ub du`gtmrgm, ubd hghcgmtikd m ib ic sdcûb `i ub fmtic. Cd oirgd `ic cghrm tdlhgçb is ub cuedr icieg`m pdrd isti ogb, puis pristd ub ldrkm d`ikud`m> d`ikud`m> dccì istd ic pþhcgkm gbtirisd`m `griktdlibti qui `isid istdr ib kmbtdktm kmb ic dutmr. Eibirdclibti, ubd m `ms  pirsmbds prisibtdb prisibtdb dc dc dutmr y fdhcdb smhri su su mhrd. Zui`i Zui`i ciirsi ubm m vdrgms vdrgms pärrdoms1 ib ic kdsm kdsm `i cghrms `i prisibtdrsi ubd iskibd. [i gbvgtdrä d odlgcgdris y dlgems `ic iskrgtmr, d krìtgkms cgtirdrgms, d dculbms `i tdcciris y d pirgm`gstds `i cds sikkgmbis ispikgdcgzd ispikgdcgzd`ms `ms `i cms li`gms. Bm is mhcgedtmrgm sirvgr bd`d, pirm sieþb `mb`i si `isdrrmcci ic dktm, pm`rä morikirsi ub vgbm `i fmbmr. Eibirdclibti si utgcgzd ub siktmr pdrd cd vibtd `ic cghrm qui si prisibtd, yd qui istä cd  pmsghgcg`d` `i qui ic ic dutmr ogrli cms inilpcdris. inilpcdris. Is ubd vibtd `i tgpm –bm derisgvd“. D vikis, kmblilmrdb`m istd mkdsgûb, si fdkib tgrd`ds ri`ukg`ds, bulird`ds y ib pdpic ispikgdc. @i dkuir`m d cd tilätgkd y dc dutmr pm`räb ridcgzdrsi mtrm tgpm `i dktms, inikutdr lþsgkd, `dbzd, prmyikkgûb `i ub vg`im, itk.`gousgûb> supcilibtms cgtirdrgms `i `gdrgms, kmbtdktms kmb prm`uktmris `i prmerdlds kucturdcis `i kdhci y tv pdrd ridcgzdr ubd kmhirturd `i cd prisibtdkgûb prisibtdkgûb y ibtrivgstds dc dutmr. Mhnitgvm> smb ivibtms `i tgpm prmlmkgmbdc, bm pmsiib ub rç`gtm ikmbûlgkm gbli`gdtm. Mredbgzdkgûb> usudclibti si ridcgzd ubd prisibtdkgûb d lm`m `i hrivi risiôd `ic dutmr, cd kudc istd d kdrem `i ub krgtgkm m hgib cd pirsmbd pirsmbd qui iskrghgû iskrghgû ic prmcmem `ic cghrm. Zmstirgmrlibti si  prisibtd cd kfdrcd `ic dutmr, cd kudc pui`i dkmlpd dkmlpdôdrsi, ôdrsi, sieþb ic tild `ic cghrm `i ubd riprisibtdkgûb riprisibtdkg ûb tidtrdc m lusgkdc. Cd kmlirkgdcgzdkgûb `i cms cghrms ib ic ldrkm `i cd prisibtdkgûb si ridcgzd `i ubd omrld –bm derisgvd“, ixpmbgib`m cms inilpcdris ini lpcdris ib ub stdb`.

_IXBG[[DEI  @ic ordbkçs, virbgs> –hdrbgz“. Is ic dktm `i dpirturd `i ubd ixpmsgkgûb. Dbtgeudlibti, kudb`m cms  pgbtmris ogbdcgzdhdb ogbdcgzdhdb su su mhrd, ci `dhdb, `dhdb, ubd kdpd ` `ii virbgs pdrd prmtieircd prmtieircd i gbvgtdhdb gbvgtdhdb d cms dlgems d vircd.  Ib cd dktudcg`d`, cds ixpmsgkgmbis eibirdclibti si fdkib ib ubd edcirìd `i drti. Geudclibti, pui`ib ridcgzdrsi ib ub lusim, ib ic cmhhy `i ub fmtic, itk. @urdbti su `isdrrmccm fdhcd ub krìtgkm m fdki cd prisibtdkgûb dceþb drtgstd y, dc ogbdcgzdr, si moriki ubd kmpd `i kfdlpdebi m vgbm. Cd kmbvmkdtmrgd si fdki d trdvçs `ic ldgcgbe `ic drtgstd m `i cd lgsld edcirìd `i drti. Yb dspiktm d tibir ib kuibtd is cd sieurg`d` `i cds mhrds ixpuistds> ixpuist ds> ib eibirdc, cds edcirìds `i drti kuibtdb kmb isi sieurm pirm is gb`gspibsdhci istdr gbomrld`m smhri sg is bikisdrgm kmbtrdtdrcm dpdrti. Zdrd ic cukglgibtm `i cds mhrds `ihirä kug`drsi cd gculgbdkgûb yd qui gbkg`i ib cd huibd dprikgdkgûb `i iccds. Pibir ib kuibtd ic trdscd`m `i cds mhrds y ogndr oikfd `i kgirri pdrd ic `isdrli `i cd ixpmsgkgûb.

I_IBPM[ @IZMXPG_M[  [mb ivibtms kmlþblibti kdcgogkd`ms `i –liedivibtms“ –liedivibtms“ pmr ic bgvic `i pþhcgkm dsgstibti qui cms kdrdktirgzd. Cd puhcgkg`d` y cd prmlmkgûb ib tm`ds sus omrlds y ib tm`ds cds gbstdbkgds `ic ivibtm kmbstgtuyib ub dspiktm `gstgbtgvm `ic lgslm. Cms sgstilds `i dkri`gtdkgûb y likdbgslms `i dkkism d cms `goiribtis siktmris `mb`i si ridcgzd ic ivibtm y ic kmbtrmc `i cms lgslms smb dspiktms kcdvis. 0?

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

 

@ihi kmbsg`irdrsi>   [tdb`s `i hihg`ds y kmlg`d kmb d`ikud`m kmbtrmc hrmldtmcûegkm   [irvgkgms sdbgtdrgms    [irvgkgm `i ilireibkgds 

@I[OGCI @I LM@D Is cd riubgûb ib `mb`i si ixfghi cd rmpd qui ldrkd cd tib`ibkgd `i isd tilpmrd`d> sus omrlds, ticds, kmcmris y `gsiôms si luistrdb d cms li`gms, d cms ldymrgstds y dc pþhcgkm ib eibirdc. Cd sicikkgûb `i cds lm`icms tdlhgçb si fdki `i dkuir`m dc tgpm `i rmpd, spmrt, kdcci, `ipmrtgvd, bmvgds, itk Cd pdsdricd `ihi sir sûcg`d. [i pui`i dcqugcdr m cms fmticis sgilpri tgibib cms lû`ucms. Cd `ikmrdkgûb `ipib`irä `ic istgcm `ic `isogci. Ybd viz icieg`ds cds prib`ds, (lìbglm 5:, läxglm `i tgilpm ubd fmrd y li`gd pdrd 49:, 8::  prib`ds yd qui lukfds pdsd`ds si fdkib `i vdrgds lm`icms nubtds) si istu`gd ic mr`ib y cms dkkismrgms. Istu`gdr cds pmsis `i ibtrd`d y sdcg`d [i `gderdld ic mr`ib ib qui vdb d pdsdr sgeugib`m `gstgbtms krgtirgms (pui`i sir pmr kmcmris, pmr tgpms `i prib`ds, pmr dkkismrgms, pmr lþsgkds, itk) [icikkgmbdr cms dyu`dbtis y vistg`mrds, pcdbkfd`mrds, pigbd`mrds y ldqugccd`mrds. Cds prib`ds `ihib prmhdrsi pdrd istu`gdr ic kdczd`m, rmpd gbtirgmr y dkkismrgms, ldqugccdni y  pigbd`ms. Ib cms vistudrgms `ihib istdr pripdrd`ds cds prib`ds tdlhgçb ib ic mr`ib qui vdb d pdsdr. Pm`ds cds prib`ds `ihib istdr bulird`ds y kmb ic bmlhri `ic m cd lm`icm. Ic mr`ib y sgcibkgm gbtirbm g btirbm is gb`gspibsdhci pdrd ic çxgtm. Ic ogbdc `ihi sir glpdktdbti. [g fdy rgods m prilgms, qui sidb luy glpmrtdbtis y `i `isdrrmccm hrivi. [i pui`i morikir ub kfdlpdebi dc ogbdcgzdr, ub kmkatdgc, itk. Is oub`dlibtdc istgldr hgib cms kmstms pdrd kuhrgrcms kmb cd vibtd `i ibtrd`ds. Ib cd dktudcg`d` smb sgbûbglms `i sfmws Ic ini kibtrdc bm is cd rmpd d prisibtdr sgbm cd `gbälgkd `ic ivibtm lgslm y sus pirsmbdnis> lm`icms, iskibmerdoìd, itk Ixgstib `ms tgpms> `isogcis prgvd`ms `grgeg`ms d ub ri`ukg`m bulirm y lied`isogcis /sfmwrmmls /sfmwrmmls `i tgpm ldsgvm.

05

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

   

Kuistgmbdrgm 8 

4-  ½Ib kdsm `i qui tuvgird d su kdrem tm`d ubd hrged`d `i sirvgkgm ib kudbtm d fgegibi, qui tmldrìd ib kuibtd kmb ic pirsmbdc oilibgbm y ic ldskucgbm= 8-  ½Ib kdsm `i istdr iboirlm(d) kûlm si `ihi `i prmki`ir ib ic sirvgkgm= ;-  ½[g tuvgird d su kdrem ic ibtribdlgibtm `i ub iqugpm `i pirsmbdc `i sirvgkgm, quç kmbsinms  präktgkms cis `drìd ib cm rioiribti d prisibtdkgûb prisibtdkgûb pirsmbdc= 0-  Inilpcgogkdr tris pmsghcis tgpms `i kmbocgktms qui si pm`rìdb suskgtdr kmb ic pirsmbdc `i sirvgkgm. Ispikgogkdr ic tgpm `i mredbgzdkgûb.

06

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

   

YBG@D@ 0 Kmkgbd pdrd Ivibtms Ogkfd Pçkbgkd Kd`d ilprib`glgibtm edstrmbûlgkm icdhmrd ub sgstild `i istdb`drgzdkgû istdb`drgzdkgûbb pdrd cd odhrgkdkgûb odhrgkd kgûb `i sus  prm`uktms y suhprm`uktms. suhpr m`uktms. Zdrd iccm si eibird cd ogkfd tçkbgkd `ic prm`uktm utgcgzdb`m ub sgstild lç- trgkm ubgvirsdc. 

Pdhcds `i iqugvdcibkgds Pilpirdturds ºK /ºO  /ºO  

ºK 

?: ?:  

6:  6: 

4:: 4::  

48: 

40: 40:  

4?: 4?:  

46: 46:  

8:: 8::  

88: 88:  

89: 89:  

ºO 

40:  40: 

45? 45?  

848  848 

806 

860 860  

;8: ;8:  

;9? ;9?  

;78 ;78  

086 086  

068 068  

Iqugvdcibkgds `i pism  Agcmerdlms

Erdlms

Mbzds

Cghrds

4 

4::: 4:::  

;9,;  ;9,; 

8,8:  8,8: 

:,::4  :,::4  :,:86;   :,:86;

4  86,; 86,;  

:,:;9  :,:;9  4 

:,::88 :,::88   :,:?89  :,:?89 

:,09;  :,09; 

09; 09;  

4?  4? 

4 

Iqugvdcibkgds `i pism  Cgtrm

lc

Edcûb

Kudrtms

Zgbtds

4 

4::: 4:::  

:,8? :,8?  

4 

8 

:,::4   :,::4

4 

:,::8? :,::8?  

:,::4 :,::4  

:,::8  :,::8 

;,569  ;,569 

;569 ;569  

4 

0 

6 

:.70?   :.70?

70? 70?  

:,89 :,89  

4 

8 

:,05; :,05;  

05; 05;  

:,489 :,489  

:,9 :,9  

4 

07

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

  

Li`g`ds `i vmculib läs kmlubis 4 cgtrm cgtrm  

8.4 pgbtds 

pgbtd   4 pgbtd

:.05; cgtrms 

4 kudrtm dlirgkdbm 

:.70?; cgtrms 

4 kudrtm dlirgkdbm 

0 tdzds 

4 kudrtm dlirgkdbm 

;8 mbzds `i cìqug`m cìqug`m  

4 edcûb dlirgkdbm 

;.569 cgtrms 

4 edcûb dlirgkdbm 

0 kudrtms dlirgkdbms 

4 edcûb dlirgkdbm 

4? tdzds 

cìqug`m   4? mbzds `i cìqug`m 

4 pgbtd  pgbtd 

Pdhcd `i odktmr `i `isfikfms m `ispir`gkgms @ihi istdr kcdrm ic odktmr d sir dpcgkd`m ib cd kmlprd m kmstim `i ubd lirkd`irìd qui suori ub `itirlgbd`m pmrkibtdni `i `isikfm m `ispir`gkgm.   `ispir`gkgm. % `i

Odktmr `isikfm 

Zmrkibtdni `i

Odktmr

4 

4.:4:4:4:4 4.:4:4:4:4  

;4  ;4 

4.007859;?8  4.007859;?8 

8 

4.:8:0:64?;  4.:8:0:64?; 

;8  ;8 

4.05:9668;9  4.05:9668;9 

; 

4.:;:7856;9  4.:;:7856;9 

;;  ;; 

4.0789;5;4; 

0 

4.:04?????5  4.:04?????5 

;0  ;0 

4.949494949 

9 

4.:98?;4957  4.:98?;4957 

;9  ;9 

4.9;60?49;6 

? 

4.:?;687565  4.:?;687565 

;?  ;? 

4.9?89  4.9?89  

5 

4.:598?6645  4.:598?6645 

;5 ;5  

4.965;:4965 

6 

4.:6?79?988  4.:6?79?988 

;6  ;6 

4.?487:;88? 

7 

4.:767:4:77  4.:767:4:77 

;7 ;7  

4.?;7;008?8 

4:  4: 

4.444444444 4.444444444  

0: 0:  

44  44 

4.48;9799:?  4.48;9799:? 

04  04 

4.????????5  4.?70749890 

48   48

4.4;?;?;?;?  4.4;?;?;?;? 

08  08 

4.5804;57;4 

4; 4;  

4.407089865  4.407089865 

0;  0; 

4.590;697?9 

40   40

4.4?857:?76  4.4?857:?76 

00 00  

4.56954086? 

49 49  

4.45?05:966  4.45?05:966 

09  09 

4.646464646 

4?   4?

4.47:05?47  4.47:05?47  

0?  0? 

4.694694698 

45 45  

4.8:0647855 4.8:0647855  

05  05 

4.66?57809; 

46  46 

4.847948479  4.847948479 

06  06 

4.78;:5?78; 

47   47

4.8;09?57:4  4.8;09?57:4 

07  07 

4.7?:560;40 

8:   8:

4.89  4.89 

9:  9: 

8  9:

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

 

84 84  

4.8?9688569  4.8?9688569 

94  94 

8.:0:64?;85 

88   88

4.868:94868  4.868:94868 

98  98 

8.:6;;;;;;; 

 Zdrd mhtibir isti odktmr sgb bikisg`d` `i cd tdhcd si si `ihi dpcgkdr cd sgeugibti  oûrlucd>    oûrlucd>

% `i `isikfms / (4:: ‛  %  % `i `isikfms) + 4< odktmr `i `ispir`gkgm  `ispir`gkgm 

94

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

  

Odktmr `i `isikfms

Zmrkibtdni `i `isikfms  

Dbdbä 

4.?4  4.?4 

;6%  ;6% 

Hdbdbd 

4.90 4.90  

;9% ;9%  

Kirizd  

4.:7  4.:7 

6% 6%  

Kgruicd   Kgruicd

4.:9  4.:9 

9% 9%  

Kgruicd pdsd 

4.8;  4.8; 

47%  

Kfgrglmyd  Kfgrglmyd 

4.04  4.04 

87%  87% 

@ätgc @ätgc  

4.49  4.49 

4;% 

@dldskm  @dldskm 

4.4?  4.4? 

40%  

@urdzbm  @urdzbm 

4.8; 4.8;  

47%  

@urdzbm picûb 

4.4: 4.4:  

7% 7%  

Orutgccd  Orutgccd 

4.:0 4.:0  

0% 0%  

Erdbd`d  Erdbd`d  

4.9?  4.9? 

;?% ;?%  

Eudydhd Eudydhd  

4.49  4.49 

4;% 

Fgem  Fgem 

4.:; 4.:;  

;% ;%  

Pubd  Pubd 

8.85 8.85  

9?% 9?%  

Adag  Adag 

4.8? 4.8?  

84% 

Agwg   Agwg

4.89 4.89  

8:% 8:%  

Agbmtm Agbmtm  

4.:9 4.:9  

9% 9%  

Cgld  Cgld 

4.;4 4.;4  

80% 80%  

Cglûb Cglûb  

4.9?  4.9? 

;?%  ;?% 

Ldb`drgbd  Ldb`drgbd  

4.97  4.97 

;5%  

Ldbzdbd   Ldbzdbd

4.4? 4.4?  

40%  

Licûb  Licûb 

4.94  4.94 

;;% ;;%  

Lilhrgccm  Lilhrgccm 

4.00 4.00  

;4% 

Lmrd  Lmrd  Bdrdbnd  Bdrdbnd 

4.:5 4.:5   4.90  4.90 

5% 5%   ;9%  ;9% 

Bìspirm   Bìspirm

4.;4  4.;4 

80% 80%  

Zdctd m deudkdti 

4.97 4.97  

;5%  

Zdpdyd Zdpdyd  

4.05  4.05 

;8%  ;8% 

Zird   Zird

4.;9  4.;9 

8?%  8?% 

Zmlicm Zmlicm  

4.58  4.58 

08%  08% 

[db`ìd   [db`ìd

4.0; 4.0;  

;:%  ;:% 

Yvd Yvd  

4.:? 4.:?  

?% ?%  

Dcglibtms

OXYPD[>   OXYPD[>

98

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

dgc.kml   ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml

   

Kdrbis   Dcglibtms

Odktmr `i `isikfms

% `i `isikfm

Kir`m (kmstgccds) 

4.94  4.94 

;;% ;;%  

Kir`m (kdrbi lderd)  

4.88 4.88  

46%  

Edbsm  Edbsm 

4.?7  4.?7 

04% 

Kmr`irm (pdcitd) 

4.89  4.89 

8:% 8:%  

Kmr`irm (kmstgccds) 

4.;4  4.;4 

80% 80%  

Cgihri Cgihri  

4.?8 4.?8  

;6% ;6%  

Zdtm   Zdtm

4.47  4.47 

4?%  

Zdvm   Zdvm

4.?0  4.?0 

;7% ;7%  

Zmccm  Zmccm 

4.66 4.66  

05%  

Zmccm trmzd`m 

4,9: 4,9:  

;;% ;;%  

Edccgbd   Edccgbd

4.58  4.58 

08% 08%  

_dkubm (pukfirm) 

4.;5 4.;5  

85% 85%  

_dkubm (tgrd `i dsd`m)  

4.8?  4.8? 

84% 

_dkubm (cmlm pdgccdr`)  

4,0; 4,0;  

;:% ;:%  

_dkubm (cmlm li`dccûb)  li`dccûb) 

4.58 4.58  

08% 08%  

_dkubm (bdced) 

4.47  4.47 

4?%  

Cibeud   Cibeud

4.;:  4.;: 

8;% 8;%  

9;

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

   

Ziskd`ms Dcglibtms

Odktmr `i `isikfms

% `i `isikfm

 Dhd`inm    Dhd`inm 

8.8: 8.8:  

99% 99%  

 Dclind   Dclind 

;.48  ;.48 

?6%  ?6% 

 Dbeugcd    Dbeugcd

4.;4  4.;4 

80% 80%  

Dribqui `i cdem 

4.56  4.56 

00% 00%  

 Dribqui `i ldr  

4.7? 4.7?  

07% 07%  

Hdkdcdm  Hdkdcdm  

8.:6  8.:6 

98% 98%  

Hmbgtm Hmbgtm  

4.58  4.58 

08% 08%  

Kdrpd  Kdrpd 

8.9?  8.9? 

?4% 

Kdhdccd  Kdhdccd 

8.:6 8.:6  

9 % 

Kdldrûb   Kdldrûb

8.9?  8.9? 

?4% 

Cibeud`m Cibeud`m  

;.09 ;.09  

54% 

Lingccûb  Lingccûb 

4.64 4.64  

09%  09% 

Zinirriy `i rgm  

4.64  4.64 

09%  09% 

Zinirriy `i ldr  

8.:: 8.::  

9:%  9:% 

Ziskd`gccd   Ziskd`gccd 

8.56  8.56 

?0% ?0%  

Zirkd   Zirkd

8.:6  8.:6 

98% 98%  

[ähdbd [ähdbd  

4.90 4.90  

;9% ;9%  

[dclûb  [dclûb 

4.90  4.90 

;9% ;9%  

[dr`gbd [dr`gbd  

4.88 4.88  

46%  

[dr`gbd ibvdsd`d 

4.9;  4.9; 

;9% ;9%  

[uruhì  [uruhì 

4.64 4.64  

09%  09% 

90

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

Gbtirpritdkgûb Gbtirpritdkgû b `i cd rikitd Kucgbdrgm> cd rikitd istäb`dr is luy glpmrtdbti ib cd kmkgbd pmrqui bms dyu`d d kmbtrmcdr y rieucdr cds kdbtg`d`is, kdcg`d` y rieucdrg`d` `i cms prm`uktms d odhrgkdr.  D`lgbgstrdtgvm> cd rikitd istäb`dr is ubd firrdlgibtd qui dyu`d d `itirlgbdr cms kmstms `i icdhmrdkgûb `ic prm`uktm y su prikgm `i vibtd.  vibtd. 

Ogkfd Pçkbgkd/Omrldtm Xikitd

Bmlhri `i cd Xikitd> Erd`m `i @gogkuctd`>* Pgilpm `i Icdhmrdkgûb> ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] Zmrkgmbis> ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

 ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]   Mhnitgvm> ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]

GBEXI@GIBPI[

KDBPG@D@

YBG@D@

@IPDCCI[ W KMXPI[

ICILIBPM ZXGBKGZD Z XGBKGZDC C

EYDXBGKGÛB 4

99

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

   

EYDXBGKGÛB 8

Zrmki`glgibtm[ Zdrd ic icilibtm prgbkgpdc 4.  8.  ;.  0.  9. 

 ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]

Eudrbgkgûb 4 4.  8.  ;.  0. 

 ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]

Eudrbgkgûb 8 4.  8.  ;.  0. 

 ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]

Drld`m y Zrisibtdkgûb 4.  8.  ;.  0. 

 ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]

Ìb`gkis `i erdldnis `i pcdtms istäb`dr Zdrd cd kmlpmsgkgûb dc bgvic erdldni `i ub pcdtm tmldrilms cms sgeugibtis pdrälitrms> 

ZCDPM[ ICDHMXD@M[ ZDXD YB LIBÞ KCÄ[GKM

ZCDPM[ ICDHMXD@M[ ZDXD CD KDXPD 

Ibtrd`d  Ibtrd`d  

Zcdtm  Zcdtm 

Zmstri Zmstri  

Ibtrd`d Ibtrd`d  

Zcdtm  Zcdtm 

Zmstri Zmstri  

4:: - 48: e  e 

88: - 80: ee  

4:: - 48: ee  

49: - 45: e  e 

;:: - ;9: e  e 

49: - 45: e  e 

9?

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

  

Kmbsg`irilms dceubds riecds `i kmlpmsgkgûb `ic pcdtm ib kudbtm d cd kmlhgbdkgûb `i cms icilibtms>  icilibtms> 

IBPXD@D ZDXD YB LIBÞ KCÄ[GKM

IBPXD@D ZDXD CD KDXPD 

Icilibtm prgbkgpdc 

_ir`is  _ir`is  

 Dkmlpdôdlgibtms  Dkmlpdôdlgibtms  

Icilibtm prgbkgpdc 

_ir`is  _ir`is 

 Dkmlpdôdlgibtms  Dkmlpdôdlgibtms  

?: ee  

4: - 8: ee  

;: - 0: ee  

6: ee  

8: - ;: ee  

0: - ?: ee  

ZCDPM ZXGBKGZDC ZDXD YB LIBÞ KCÄ[GKM

ZCDPM ZXGBKGZDC ZDXD CD KDXPD 

Icilibtm prgbkgpdc 

Eudrbgkgmbis Eudrbgkgmbis  

[dcsd 

Icilibtm prgbkgpdc 

Eudrbgkgmbis  Eudrbgkgmbis  

[dcsd 

e  49: - 46: e 

?: - 6: ee  

8: - ;: ee  

4?: - 88: ee  

4:: - 4;: ee  

;: - 0: ee  

BMPD> [i tmld kmlm rioiribkgd qui ic pism pis m `i cd eudrbgkgûb ripris riprisibtd ibtd ibtri 9: y 5: % `ic pism tmtdc `i cd prmtiìbd sieþb s ieþb sg is libþ m kdrtd.

ZM[PXI ZDXD YB LIBÞ KCÄ[GKM

ZM[PXI ZDXD CD KDXPD 

Icilibtm prgbkgpdc  

 Dkmlpdôdlgibtms  Dkmlpdôdlgibtms  

[dcsd  [dcsd 

Icilibtm prgbkgpdc  

 Dkmlpdôdlgibtms   Dkmlpdôdlgibtms 

[dcsd  [dcsd 

?: e  

8: - ;: e  

4: - 49 e  

6: e  

;: - 0: e  

49 - 8: e  

95

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

YBG@D@ 9 Libþ y Kdrtd Tugib pui`i pcdbgogkdr ub libþ= Kudcqugir pirsmbd pui`i icdhmrdr ub libþ ib i b su omrldtm lds sglpci. Cd `iogbgkgûb qui ibkmbtrdlms `i libþ ib `gvirsds ouibtis is sglpcilibti ub –cgstd`m `i kmlg`ds m hihg`ds“.  [g ubd pirsmbd tgibi fdlhri, istd pui`i libtdclibti pcdbgogkdr ub libþ icgegib`m qui vdrgi`d` `i kmsds `isid kmlir y kmb qui hihg`d ci eustdrìd dkmlpdôdrcds, bg fdhcdr `i kmb qugib. Zcdbgogkdr ub libþ sglpci bm bikisgtd `i ldymris istu`gms bg ixpirgibkgd edstrmbûlgkd. D`iläs, prglmr`gdclibti smcm fdki odctd ubd kumtd `i kdrgôm pmr `dr `i kmlir y fdkir oicgz d dceugib kmb isti dktm. [i `gstgbeuib `ms tgpmcmeìds `i libþ >.    D cd kdrti (libþ d cd kdrtd)> si `iogbi kmlm ub sicikkgûb `i pcdtms sipdrd`ms pmr



ruhrms m tdlhgçb kmlm ub cgstd`m `i prm`uktms, tdbtm kmlg`d kmlm hihg`ds, `mb`i si  pui`ib iciegr sipdrd`dlibti kd`d ubm y tgibib prikgms gb`ipib`gibtis pdrd kd`d ìtil qui si vib`i.   Pdhci `°fmti (lisd `ic fuçspi`)> `iogbg`m kmlm ubd sukisgûb `i pcdtms ,`i `ms m läs



 pdsms, `mb`i si ognd ub prikgm pmr ic tmtdc. Eibirdclibti cds hihg`ds dckmfûcgkds smb cglgtd`ds m `griktdlibti kmhrd`ds ib omrld gb`ipib`gibti dc libþ ib isti isquild. @is`i ub libþ inikutgvm `i li`gm li`gm `ìd fdstd ic isquild `ic libþ `ieustdkgûb ibtrdb ib istd tgpmcmeìd ,yd qui cm qui vdrgd is ic tgpm `i sirvgkgm ,ic tdldôm `i cds pmrkgmbis y ic rgtlm glpuistm `is`i cd kmkgbd d cd sdcd, pirm kmlm omrldtm bm `ind `i sir ubd kmlg`d kmlpcitd d ub  prikgm ognm. Kmlm films vgstm ib cd prglird sikkgûb ,ixgstib, sieþb ic sielibtm ib ic qui si istç trdhdndb`m, lþctgpcis vdrgdhcis qui gbtirogirib ib cd pcdbgogkdkgûb `i ub libþ. Zdrd `isdrrmccdr lds ib prmoub`g`d` ic tild `ic `gsiôm, bms dkmtdrilms dc sielibtm kmlirkgdc, k mlirkgdc, sgib`m isti ib ic qui Y`s. prmhdhcilibti kml kmlgibkib gibkib sus db`dris prmois prmoisgmbdcis. gmbdcis. @ibtrm `i isti sielibtm ibkmbtrdlms cms ristdurdbtis, cd fmticirìd y ic sirvgkgm `i kdtirgbe, cms tris tgpms `i sirvgkgms edstrmbûlgkms kmb ldymr `isdrrmccm y kmb ldymris pmsghgcg`d`is `i sdcg`d cdhmrdc. Kd`d ubm `i istms tgibi sus riquirglgibtms pdrtgkucdris, pirm `ibtrm `i cm qui is ic `gsiôm `i ub libþ, vdlms d istu`gdr cd istrukturd hdsi qui si ripgti ib tm`ms iccms.

Istrukturd `ic libþ Ib cds `ms tgpmcmeìds , ic libþ sgeui ub mr`ib cûegkm glpuistm häsgkdlibti pmr cd sgtudkgûb kucturdc ib cd qui si icdhmri y cds omrlds y kmstulhris `i cd lisd `ic pdìs `mb`i si `isdrrmcci. Zmr ism is sirìd luy lizqugbm fdhcdr `i ubd smcd omrld `i istrukturdr ic libþ, ispikgdclibti tmldb`m ib kuibtd cd trdbs-kucturgzdkgûb ib cd qui vgvglms gblirsms. Is luy `gstgbtm pibsdr ib ic drld`m `i ubd kdrtd pdrd ubd kdoitirìd `i pdsm ib ic sur `i IIYY, ub hgstrû `i kmlg`d ordbkisd kcäsgkd ib ic kmrdzûb `i Zdcirlm m ub ristdurdbti `i kmlg`d 96

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

sderd`d ib ic sur `i Pdgcdb`gd. Istm is mhvgm, pirm cm qui sg pm`ilms fdkir is ibulirdr cms sielibtms qui ixgstib y si ripgtib ib buistrd kucturd mkkg`ibtdc, pmr luy tiregvirsd`d tir egvirsd`d qui si ibkuibtri. Zmr kmstulhris d`mptd`ds, y tdlhgçb pmr ubd cûegkd `i kûlm rikghi buistrm pdcd`dr cd sdc y ic dzþkdr (y cm qui istm eibird ib buistrm dpitgtm y pmstirgmr `geistgûb), eibirdclibti si sipdrd ic sielibtm sdcd`d `ic sielibtm `ucki. Ic bgvic `i sdcgbg`d` `i cd kmlg`d suhi d li`g`d qui çstd si `isdrrmccd, (pdrd bm kdstgedr ic pdcd`dr `i ibtrd`d kmb sdhmris ouirtis qui bm cm `inib sieugr `gsorutdb`m `ic ristm `i cd kmlg`d), pdrd cuiem gr pdsdb`m d cm `ucki. Wm bm istmy tdb `i dkuir`m kmb istds mhsirvdkgmbis. Ixgstib istu`gms qui gb`gkdb kmlm cm dkg`m, ic sdcd`m, `ucki m dldrem istglucdb `i `gstgbtd omrld ic pdcd`dr. Zirm hdsdrsi smcdlibti ib istm pdrd istrukturdr cms sielibtms `i ub libþ is ub pmkm tdkdôm. Krim qui kd`d ubm `ihi gr `iskuhrgib`m su prmpgd omrld `i istrukturdr ub libþ, sgeugib`m kgirtds pdutds ,pirm sgb cglgtdr cd kridtgvg`d` pdrd icdhmrdr prmpuistds buivds qui si d`dptib d cds omrlds `i vg`d y dprib`gzdnis `i kd`d ubm. Ib ristdurdkgûb kcäsgkd ,si `gvg`ib cms sielibtms `ic libþ ib>   Dpirgtgvms

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  Fmrs `‗miuviri (ibtri-trdhdnms m ibtrilisis), sbdkas, tdpd tdpdss m pgkd`gtd

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  Ibtrdbtis ,ibtrd`ds m prglirms pcdtms   Zcdtms prgbkgpdcis   Zri - pmstris

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  Zmstris

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  Zitgt omurs (piquiôm fmrbm), quisms

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  Hdndtgvms m @geistgvms

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Dceubds `iogbgkgmbis kcäsgkds>

[ielibtm sdcd`m>   –Dpirgtgvm –Dpirgtgvm  

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@is`i tgilpms dbtgeums, kgirtds pcdbtds ouirmb rikmbmkg`ds pmr sus prmpgi`d`is `i ristdurdr m dhrgr (`ic cdtìb dpirgri, dhrgr) ic dpitgtm. Cms dpirgtgvms irdb hihg`ds icdhmrd`ds d hdsi `i  pcdbtds, pirm su usm oui läs läs tirdpçutgkm qui edstrmbûl edstrmbûlgkm gkm y bm irdb hihg`ms dbtis `i cds kmlg`ds. Cms rmldbms tibìdb dprikgm pm pmrr ic vgbm kmb lgic, y ib cd I`d` Li`gd cd eibti kriìd ib ic hibiogkgm `i cms vgbms lizkcd`ms kmb fgirhds y ispikgds. Ibtmbkis ic fgppmkrds (db (dbtgeum tgeum vgbm gbecçs ispikgd`m), virlmutfs, hgttirs y vgbms `uckis cciedrmb. Cd pdcdhrd dpirgtgvm fd istd`m ib usm `is`i 4666, y bm oui sgbm fdstd ic sgecm VV qui ic fähgtm `i tmldr ub dpirgtgvm dbtis `i ubd kmlg`d oui eibirdclibti dkiptd`m. Cms dpirgtgvms gbkcuyib hihg`ds hdsd`ds ib vgbm (virlmutf) m dckmfmc (dbìs, hgttirs) y kgirtms cgkmris y ispgrgtumsds (qui `ihib sir dcgeird`ms kmb deuds pdrd hdndr ic dctm kmbtibg`m `ic dckmfmc dckmfmc `i çstds hihg`ds). Cd kmstulhri `i tmldr dpirgtgvms sgeui cd lm`d, cms rgtudcis qui vdrìdb `i dkuir`m dc pdìs, d cms dcri`i`mris y d cds kgrkubstdbkgds. Is prioirghci `iskdrtdr cds hih hihg`ds g`ds luy dckmfûcgkds qui pui`db kdstgedr kdstgedr ic  pdcd`dr. 97

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

Cdrmussi Lçbdeir (4784) rikmlib`dhd> "ub hmwc `i kdc`m `iserdsd`m, tmld`m ubd fmrd y li`gd dbtis `i ubd kmlg`ds, is ub ixkicibti dpirgtgvm. Istglucd cd sdcgvd y cds sikrikgmbis istmldkdcis, prmlmvgib`m cd prm`ukkgûb `i pipsgbd ib ic nuem eästrgkm.“ [gb ilhdrem, ilhdrem, dceubds dceubds  pirsmbds priogirib ubd kmpd kmpd `i kfdlpdebi. Istds hihg`ds smb cds ibkdre ibkdred`ds d`ds `i pripdrdr ic  pdcd`dr pdrd cd `ieustdkgûb y ic istûldem istûldem pdrd cd `geistgûb, y smb eibirdclibti eibirdclibti kmbsulg`ds kmb ub dkmlpdôdlgibtm sdcd`m kmbmkg`m kmlm fmrs `‗miuvri.    Cms Fmrs `‗Miuvris 

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Is ic prglir pcdtm d sir sirvg`m ib ubd kmlg`d, pdrtgkucdrlibti dcluirzm (cd kibd kmlgibzd kmb ubd smpd). Kmlm ic fmrs `'miuv `'miuvri ri is pmr `iogbgkgûb d`gkgmbdc dc libþ, libþ, `ihi sir cgeirm y `icgkd`m, y d`iläs istglucd`mr `ic dpitgtm pdrd cms sgeugibtis pcdtms. Dceubms ristdurdbtis tgibib ub kdrrm `i fmrs `'miuvri pdrd qui cms kmlibsdcis ridcgkib su prmpgd icikkgûb. Ixgstib `ms tgpms `i fmrs `'miuv `'miuvris> ris> orìms y kdcgibtis. Cms orìms gbkcuyib> piskd`m m orutms `i ldr (pui`ib sir ldrgbd`ms, dfuld`ms, ib dkigti m vgbderi)1 vieitdcis d cd ergied1 vdrgms tgpms `i kfdrkutirìd1 fuivds `i piskd`m1 vieitdcis kru`ms1 fuivms riccibms m ib eicdtgbd1 ibsdcd`ds lizkcd`ds1 pmlicms riccibms1 kmkatdgc `i kdldrmbis1 itk. [mb sirvg`ms ib pcdtms `i fmrs fmrs `'miuvri trd`gkgmbdcis m ib pcdtms pcdtms `i vg`rgm m pmrkicdbd. Cms  pcdtms `i fmrs `'miuvri smb piquiôms y pui`ib sir mvdcis mvdcis m riktdbeucdris. D vikis smb utgcgzd`ms `ms pcdtms pdrd ivgtdr qui `goiribtis kmlg`ds si lizkcib. Cms fmrs `'miuvri kdcgibtis gbkcuyib vmc-du-vibt, hmukfçis, armlisagis, rgssmcis, orgturds, itk. Istms smb ib prgbkgpgm läs dptms pdrd sir sirvg`ms ib ubd kibd `ispuçs `i ubd smpd, pirm tdlhgçb dpdrikib ib ic dcluirzm. Ordbkgd fd d`mptd`m y lm`gogkd`m cd kmstulhri rusd `i sirvgr ubd suirti `i fmrs `'miuvri kmlm  piquiôd kmlg`d priki`gib`m dc pcdtm prgbkgpdc. prgbkgpdc. Hdnm ic bmlhri `i fmrs `'mmiuvri iuvri d cd russi, istms hmkd`gtms smb `gspuistms `gspuistms ib hdb`inds y sirvg`m sirvg`mss d cms gbvgtd`ms ib cd lisd. Ib cd dktudcg`d` cms fmrs `‗miuvris si sgrvib d cms kmlibsdcis, `griktdlibti ilpcdtd`ms `i cd kmkgbd. Kcdsgogkdkgûb `i cms Fmrs `‗Miuvris  `‗Miuvris 

Kdbdpç> tdnd`d `i pdb kmrtd`d ib vdrgds omrlds omrlds y eudrbikg`d. Cms kdbdpçs orìms ssmb mb sirvg`ms ib huooit m dcluirzms, m kmb dpirgtgvms dpirgtgvms m kmkatdgcs. Cms kdbdpçs kdcgibtis smb sirv sirvg`ms g`ms kmlm ibtrd`d m utgcgzd`ms kmlm gbgkgm `i vdrgms pcdtms. pcdtms. Kudb`m smb sirvg`ms kmb dvis `i kdzd, smb eibirdclibti orgtms ib ldbtikd kmb ub erdtgb fikfm `i ub purç `i ibtrdôds `ic dvi m kmb omgi erds. Dlusi Euiuci / Kmkatdgc / [bdka> hmkd`gtms qui smb sirvg`ms kmb dpirgtgvms. @ipib`gib`m `i cd mkdsgûb, cms dlusi euiuci pui`ib kmlprib`ir ub ixtibsm m cglgtd`m rdbem `i fmrs `'miuvri. Inilpcms gbkcuyib> dkigtubds ibtirds m riccibds1 buikis sdcd`ds1 krdkairs sdhmrgzd`ds kmb quism,  pdprgad, ndlûb, itk., pdpds kfgps, lgbg lgbg sdckfgkfds pdrd kmkatdgc1 kuhms m pdcgtms `i quism `urm1 kdbdpçs1 pgzzds m qugkfis ib lgbgdturd1 lgbgdturd1 pdcgtms sdhmrgzd`ms1 vieitdcis kmrtd`ms. Zui`ib tmldrsi kmb cms `i`ms m kmb pgbkfis pdrd kmkatdgc sbdkas.

Fmrs `‗Miuvris prmpgms> smb dquiccms qui bm smb

bg kdbdpç, bg sbdka1 is bikisdrgm `iogbgrcms kmb inilpcms> hmukfçs `i kfdlpgômbiss1 fuivm kcdldrt (fuivm pmkfç smhri kmrdzûb `i ?:

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

dckdukgcis, sdcsd fmcdb`isd y eudrbgkgûb `i drvinds)1 sdclûb ib ldrgbd`d sikd (erdvd` cdx)1 itk. itk . Cd kdrdktirìstgkd qui g`ibtgogkd d çsti tgpm `i fmrs `‗miuvri is qui bikisdrgdl bikisdrgdlibti ibti dc sir sirvg`ms ib pcdtms ib cd lisd, `ihib kmrtdrsi kmb kuhgirtms, d `goiribkgd `i cms kdbdpçs y sbdka qui pui`ib tmldrsi kmb cms `i`ms.

Cds Pdpds> ib Ispdôd cds tdpds smb ubd suirti `i fmrs `‗miuvris m sbdkas `i kmkatdgc, sirvg`ds  pdrd dkmlpdôdr ub Läcded, sfirry, sfirry, m Ldbzdbgccd. Cd kmstulhri `i gbeirgr tdpds lgibtrds si  hihi ub dpirgtgvm, si `d pdrtgkucdrlibti pdrtgkucdrlibti pmr cd bmkfi, d cm cdrem `i hdris y ristdurdbtis. Cds tdpds pui`ib tmldr d vikis ic cuedr `i cd kibd, d kdusd `i qui smb luy vdrgd`ds y ixtrild`dlibti dhub`dbtis1 istds pui`ib gbkcugr kuhms `i ndlûb, pglgibtms rmnms y vir`is dsd`ms1 pmrmtms hcdbkms kmb vgbderitd1 kuhms `i tmrtgccd1 piskd`ms ib iskdhikfi1 cdbemstgbms orgtms, dkigtubds riccibds kmb dclib`rds1 dbeucds orgtds kmb pglgibtms rmnms1 kdcdldris ib su tgbtd1 pucpm d cd edccied1 pgi `i kmkfgbm kmb tmldti1 tmldti1 pglgibtms riccibms1 itk. Cds tdpds smb sirvg`ds ib piquiôms hmwcs ib `mb`i cd eibti eibt i cds tmld kmb cms c ms `i`ms m kmb pgbkfis pdrd sbdkas.“    Ibtrdbtis ,ibtrd`ds m prglirms pcdtms

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  Zcdtms prgbkgpdcis

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[ielibtm `ucki   Zri-Zmstri

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Ic pri-pmstri kulpci ub rmc `i cglpgd`mr `ic pdcd`dr, kmlm puibti ibtri ic sielibtm sdcd`m y ic `ucki. Eibirdclibti kmlpuistm pmr `gstgbms tgpms `i smrhitis ,erdbgzd`ms y ficd`ms ,sdcd`ms m `uckis.   Zmstri > @ic cdtìb pmstrilus, ic dcglibtm pûs pûstulm, tulm, qui si kmli dc ogbdc. 

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Prd`gkgmbdclibti is ic ogbdc `i cd kmlg`d, y is ic lmlibtm `i sirvgr pcdtms `uckis, y/m orutd oriskd. Cd pdcdhrd @issirt (pmstri), `irgvd `ic virhm ordbkçs `issirvgr (rilmvir m icglgbdr) y si riogiri dc fikfm `i qui çstd sustdbkgd `ucki qugtd ic sdhmr m cd prisibkgd ib ic pdcd`dr `i tm`ms cms pcdtms dbtirgmris.   Hdndtgvm y `geistgvms

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Kmlm su pdcdhrd cm gb`gkd, ub `geistgvm `geistgvm `ihgird odvmrikir cd `geistgûb. Cd pdcdhrd `geistgo m `geistgvi `isgebd d kudcqugir cgkmr cg kmr m ispgrgtumsd qui `ihgird hihirsi cuiem `i ubd kmlg`d, läs  pmr ic pcdkir `i hihircd qui pmr su dkkgûb dkkgûb `geistgvd. Istms `geistgos smb hihg`ms smcms m kmb fgicm. Zirm tm`dvìd fdy läs, cd pdcdhr pdcdhrdd dhdrkd tdlhgçb d mtrm erupm qui vir`d`irdlibti vir`d`irdlibti kmcdhmrd kmb cms ioiktms `geistgvms `geistgvms prmpgdlibti `gkfms. Isti erupm is kmbmkg`m kml kmlmm gbousgmbis.

Gbousgmbis Ybd gbousgûb is ic prmkism `i rilmndr ubd sustdbkgd drmlätgkd ib ub cìqug`m qui fd firvg`m fdstd qui ic cìqug`m fdyd dhsmrhg`m dhsmrhg`m ic sdhmr. Ic cìqug`m risuctdbti is tdlhgçb ccdld`m gbousgûb1 gbousgûb1 5 dceubms inilpcms `i istm smb cms kdoçs, tç, y tgsdbds.“  

Zcdbgogkdkgûb `ic libþ  5

 Zdtrgkgm Fdrrgbetmb, Dpubtis Dpubtis `i Xistdur Xistdurdkgûb, dkgûb,

8::0 

?4

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

Zdrd icdhmrdr ub libþ kmlirkgdc, kuym ogb vd d sir häsgkdlibti vib`ir ub prm`uktm qui ubm icgei y/m icdhmrd, y `mb`i ic çxgtm m ordkdsm kmlirkgdc `i ic ilprib`glgibtm vd d `ipib`ir `i tm`m cm qui si `isprib`i `ic drld`m `i isi libþ, sg is bikisdrgm tibir i`ukdkgûb kucgbdrgd y ub lìbglm `i ixpirgibkgd ib ic älhgtm `i cms sirvgkgms `i dcglibtdkgûb. Yb libþ pcdbgogkd`m pdrd ubd mpirdkgûb `i dcglibtdkgûb Kmlirkgdc, is `goiribti d ubm icdhmrd`m pdrd ubd mpirdkgûb Gbstgtukgmbdc m ubd Gb`ustrgdc. Cd pirsmbd ibkdred`d `i  pcdbgogkdr ,icdhmrdr y `gsiôdr ub libþ libþ pdrd kudcqugird `i istms tris sielibtms sielibtms `ihi tibir kmbmkglgibtms ib ldtirgd `i dcglibtms y hihg`ds, ogbdbzds y eistgûb m `grikkgûb, y dsì pm`ir icdhmrdr ub libþ ribtdhci. Dc pcdbgogkdr ub libþ, pdrtglms `i cd hdsi qui vdlms d trdhdndr kmb lukfd gbomrldkgûb `i `gvirsms tgpms. Is `i erdb utgcg`d` trdtdr `i `isecmsdr istd gbomrldkgûb ib `ms ärids eibirdcis> gbomrldkgûb bikisdrgd y gbomrldkgûb þtgc. D vikis fdy gbomrldkgûb qui bm is bikisdrgd ib cd icdhmrdkgûb `i ub libþ ib ic sielibtm kmlirkgdc, pirm risuctd oub`dlibtdc ib cd icdhmrdkgûb `ic libþ ib ic sielibtm gbstgtukgmbdc. Zmr inilpcm, bm is bikisdrgm sdhir cms riquirglgibtms `i sm`gm m kdckgm `i cms kcgibtis dc icdhmrdr ub libþ pdrd ub hgstrû `i `i kmlg`d gtdcgdbd, pirm istd gbomrldkgûb sirgd oub`dlibtdc  pdrd icdhmrdr ic libþ `i cms pdkgibtis `i ubd gbstgtukgûb fmspgtdcdrgd. Ibtmbkis, dpdrti `i sdhir ic tgpm `i lirkd`m (m kcgibti) dc qui sirä ibomkd`m ic libþ, `ihilms dkcdrdr dceubms kmbkiptms smhri cms dcglibtms , cds ogbdbzds y cd eistgûb pdrd ilpizdr d icdhmrdr buistrm prmpgm sgstild `i pcdbgogkdkgûb. Dcglibtms Dc fdhcdr `i dcglibtms, bm smcm istdlms fdhcdb`m `i ic tgpm `i kmlg`d qui vdlms d pripdrdr, sirvgr y vib`ir. Ixgstib vdrgms pubtms d tibir ib kuibtd dc icdhmrdr g`ids smhri cms dcglibtms> 4.- Ic eustm `ic kcgibti > sdhir kudcis smb cds pmsghcis kmlg`ds y prm`uktms prioiribtis `i buistrm kcgibti dyu`d d qui isi si vib`d linmr. 8.- G`ibtgogkdkgûb `i cms prm`uktms d cms qui pm`ilms dkki`ir ib ic lirkd`m. Kmlm g`ibtgogkdrcms y kcdsgogkdrcms. ;.- Kridr ub krgtirgm pdrd istdhcikir ic erd`m `i kdcg`d` `i cms prm`uktms qui trdhdndrilms. Dc  pcdbgogkdr ubd tgpmcmeìd `i libþ, si `ihi istdhcikir istdhcikir ub cglgti ibtri cms prm`uktms qui ibkmbtrdlms dptms pdrd sir usd`m ib isi tgpm `i sirvgkgm y cms qui bm cm smb. 0.- Cd `gspmbghgcg`d` `i cms prm`uktms ib ic lirkd`m. [dhir trdhdndr kmb prm`uktms `i istdkgûb dyu`d d dfmrrdr `gbirm y tibir lds ribtdhgcg`d`. 9- @iogbgr kmlm sirä cd kd`ibd `i pripdrdkgûb, prm`ukkgûb, ilpcdtd`m y sirvgkgm fdstd qui ic  prm`uktm is kmbsulg`m pmr ic kcgibti. Istd gbomrldkgûb fdrä pmsghci ispikgogkdr ispikgogkdr ic iqugpdlgibtm  bikisdrgm pdrd `isdrrmccdr ic prm`u prm`uktm ktm y vib`ircm. Pdlhgçb vd d dyu`dr dyu`dr d `iogbgr ic bgvic `i d`gistrdlgibtm qui buistrm iqugpm `i kmkgbd bikisgtd tibir. ?.- Kmlm smb cds ldtirgds prglds kmb cds qui vdlms d trdhdndr, kmlm smb trdtd`ds ib ic lirkd`m (ilpdquitd`ds, glpmrtd`ds, dcldkibd`ds, itk.) y dsì `iogbgr ubd vg`d þtgc ridc `ic prm`uktm ib buistrm cmkdc. Isti pubtm dyu`drä d pcdbgogkdr ic stmka kmb ic qui vdlms d trdhdndr y pm`ir kridr ub libþ kmb kdcg`d` `i prm`uktm. 5.- Tui dcglibtms smb kmlpcilibtdrgms ubms kmb mtrms pdrd ic drld`m kmrriktm `i cms pcdtms y dsì mhtibir ub risuctd`m tdbtm istçtgkm kmlm `i butrgkgûb hdcdbkid`m ib ic libþ. ?8

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

6.- [dhir trdhdndr kmb tdhcds `i kmbvirsgûb `i li`g`ds (lukfms prm`uktms y rikitds smb glpmrtd`ds) 7. [dhir trdhdndr kmb `ispir`gkgms y lirlds `i cms prm`uktms, y dsì sdhir su rç`gtm ridc dc drldr ubd rikitd. 4:.- [dhir trdhdndr kmb ic krgtirgm `i ldbinm kruzd`m (krmss-utgcgzi) `i cms prm`uktms (ldtirgds  prglds). Ic kmbkiptm `i ldbinm kruzd`m si riogiri dc sdhir utgcgzdr ub lgslm lgslm prm`uktm pdrd ubm miclds pcdtms m sdhir kmcmkdrcm lds `i ub dcuedr. Istikmb krgtirgm si `ihi ldbindribd ic trdvçs libþ, ispikgdclibti kudb`mibilpizdlms trdhdndr erdb`is vmcþlibis, kdsm`i `itm`m kmlirkgms erdb`is (erdb`is ristdurdbtis, fmticis), gbstgtukgmbis i`ukdtgvds u fmspgtdcdrgds, itk. [g ic prm`uktm is utgcgzd`m smcdlibti ib ub pcdtm m dcglibtm ,eibirdclibti trdi prmhcilds ``ii kmstm dsmkgd`ms.

Ogbdbzds Dc pcdbgogkdr cd icdhmrdkgûb `i ub libþ, si `ihi ibtib`ir cd ricdkgûb ibtri cms kmstms `i cd ldtirgd prgld (prm`uktms) y cms mtrms edstms eibird`ms pmr ic ilprib`glgibtm kmlm cm smb cd ldbm `i mhrd y cms edstms eibirdcis (istm gbkcuyi PM@M[ cms edstms qui bm istäb gbkcug`ms g bkcug`ms ib cms kmstms `i ldtirgd prgld m pirsmbdc). Istms smb tdbtm cms edstms vdrgdhcis kmlm cms ognms. Zmr inilpcm, ic dcqugcir `ic cmkdc m cms sieurms kmbtrdtd`ms smb edstms ognms yd qui bm si lm`gogkdb sieþb cds kmlprds m vibtds. Cms edstms ib iqugpdlgibtm m ripdrdkgûb `i istms smb ub edstm vdrgdhci yd qui pui`ib dulibtdr sg ic vmculib `i trdhdnm dulibtd y bubkd si sdhi kudb`m sirä qui si rmlpirä ic prûxglm lmtmr `i ubd ficd`ird. Kmlm prglir g`id, ic libþ qui si icdhmri `ihi sir ribtdhci. Zdrd istm, is häsgkm ibtib`ir y `isecmsdr kudbtm is ic kmstm ecmhdc qui doiktdrä ic prikgm `i vibtd. Cms prikgms kmb cms qui si ldrquib ic libþ `ihib sir tibtd`mris pdrd ic kcgibti, pirm dc lgslm tgilpm `ihib pirlgtgr qui cd mpirdkgûb kmlirkgdc sid hibiogkgmsd. [i `ihi dprib`ir kmlm kmstidr ubd rikitd, ubd pmrkgûb `i ubd rikitd, fdstd ic lds lìbglm `itdcci, pmr gbsgebgogkdbti qui pdrizkd. Ic kmstm `i cd pmrkgûb kmlm tdlhgçb ic pmrkibtudc deried`m (ldraup) `ihib istdr cged`ms kmb ic vmculib `i vibtds pdrd risuctdr prmvikfmsm. Ic kmstim `i ubd rikitd is häsgkdlibti ibkmbtrdr ubd ricdkgûb ibtri ic kmstm `i cd pmrkgûb y ic  pmrkibtudc deried`m qui `drä ub prikgm prikgm ogbdc qui ic lirkd`m dc qui ubm istä istä dpubtdb`m istä `gspuistm d pdedr. Dc pcdbgogkdr ub libþ ubm `ihi dprib`ir d vir kmlm si `isdrrmccd ic fgstmrgdc `i vibtds `i ub biemkgm, y sdhir pripdrdr ub riegstrm `i vibtds (sdcis lgx m skdttir sfiit) `i kd`d prm`uktm ib ub tgilpm `itirlgbd`m, pdrd pm`ir pri`ikgr kmb ub l ldreib dreib `i irrmr libmr cds pmsghcis vvibtds ibtds `i isi prm`uktm. [dhir istdhcikir ub edstm prmli`gm (kfika dvirdei) y pm`ir prmyiktdr cds cd s vibtds dbudcis is isibkgdc ib dceubms kdsms.

Eistgûb Cd oubkgûb häsgkd `i cd eistgûb m `grikkgûb ib ub biemkgm (ldbdeilibt) is dprib`ir y sdhir ldbindr d cms ilpcid`ms, ic `gbirm y cms prm`uktms m ldtirgds prglds pdrd qui ubd viz qui istib  pdems tm`ms cms edstms, edstms, ixgstd ribtdhgcg`d`. Zdrd `gsiôdr ub libþ ribtdhci, is bikisdrgm istdr dtibtm bm smcm d cms `isims y bikisg`d`is `ic kcgibti ,sgbm qui tdlhgçb `ic `uiôm `ic ilprib`glgibtm. Hibiogkgms, edstm prmli`gm, tgpm `i mpirdkgûb m biemkgm qui si istä lmbtdb`m, istgcm `ic libþ (y istm bm istä rioirg`m d cm istçtgkm sgbm d kridr cm kmlirkgdc), `i sirvgkgm qui si`ic vdpirsmbdc d glpcilibtdr, dtlûsoird dlhgibtiqui quisgilpri ubm `isid m rikridr,tgpm cd fdhgcg`d` y mogkgm d sicikkgmbdr, y icylirkd`m ?;

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

istä prisibti, tm`m istm `ihi sir kmbsg`ird`m y ivdcud`m dc sibtdrsi d icdhmrdr ub libþ. [i `ihi sdhir `i cd ldbird lds oifdkgibti tm`m cm pmsghci smhri cds prioiribkgds `i kmlg`d y hihg`d `ic kcgibti y qui prikgm istdrä `gspuistm d pdedr pdrd `gsiôdr ic tgpm `i libþ dprmpgd`m pdrd ic biemkgm `i kmlg`d qui si qugird eibirdr.

@gsiôm `i Libþ /Zsgkmcmeìd y Xibtdhgcg`d` Dc fdhcdr `i psgkmcmeìd ib ic `gsiôm y icdhmrdkgûb `ic libþ, cm qui trdtdlms `i fdkir is sueirgr m eibirdr ygbkcgbdkgmbis ixpcìkgtdsläxgld buistrms vib`ir linmr buistrm  prm`uktm mhtibir ubd bm ribtdhgcg`d` libäxgld `i çc.kcgibtis Omrldspdrd `i pm`ir `gderdldkgûb, uhgkdkgûb uhgkdkgûb istrdtçegkd `i kgirtms prm`uktms y lirkd`irìds, istrdtiegds `i vibtd y ldraitgbe y `i kmcmkdkgûb `i prikgms, sgilpri hdsd`ms ib istu`gms `i lirkd`m lirkd `m smhri buistrm pmtibkgdc kcgibti. [ieþb cd sgkûcmed istd`mubg`ibsi y kmbsuctmrd `i ristdurdbtis ,sirvgkgms `i hihg`ds y kmlg`ds, Nucgi Adcamwsag, ixgstib ? pubtms dtibir ib kuibtd dc icdhmrdr y `gsiôdr ub libþ.

4.- [iciktgvg`d` > tmldti tu tgilpm ib `iskuhrgr kudcis smb cms eustms pri`gciktms `i tu kcgibti y deried ism dc libþ. Kudb`m fdy `ildsgd`ms mhnitms m gbomrldkgûb g bomrldkgûb ib ub libþ, istm `gstrdi cd dtibkgûb `i tu kcgibti `i cm glpmrtdbti, m sid cm qui qugiris vib`irci. –Libms is lds“ - Lgis v vdb db `ir Xmfi

8.-Mhnitgvg`d`> dsieþrdti `i tmldr tus `isgkgmbis hdsd`ds ib fikfms kmbkritms ,bm smcm ib tu gbtugkgûb. pirsmbds sdkdr m deriedr d sussdhir kdrtds pmrqui kriib qui bm si @ildsgd`ms vib`ib m kriib qui si`ikg`ib vib`iräb. Zirm bm `ihisprm`uktms kriir, `ihis qui si vib`i m bm, y pdrd istm fdy qui sdhir kridr riegstrms y dktudcgzdrcms kmbstdbtilibti. Fdy qui dprib`ir d g`ibtgogkdr cms prm`uktms qui eibirdb ldymr edbdbkgd bitd y ibomkdr cd vibtd ib iccms, y bm ib cms qui eibirdb smcdlibti läreibis ribtdhcis `i vibtd.

;.- Kmcmkdkgûb `ic Zrm`uktm > Zmbir cms ìtil qui lds hibiogkgm eibirdb `mb`i ic kcgibti cms bmti. Ixgstib pdtrmbis riegstrd`ms `i kûlm cms kcgibtis lgrdb ub libþ. Zmbir cms icilibtms ,ds glpmrtdbtis kibtrd`ms ib ic libþ. Pdlhgçb fdy istu`gms qui gb`gkdb qui cd eibti ,`ibtrm `i ubd kdtiemrìd `ibtrm `i cd kdrtd ,tgib`i d iciegr cds prglird m þctglds mpkgmbis. Ib isti cuedr `ihirìdb gr cms ìtils qui ldymr edbdbkgd eibirdb

`iskrgpkgmbis gmbis kridtgvds y 0.- @istdkdr ìtils glpmrtdbtis.....pirm bm tm`ms>   usdr `iskrgpk kmlpcitds `i cm qui i stds icilibtms, istds trdtdb`m `ipirm vib`ir. Dceubds `ghunms,[gìkmbms m cmemtgpms dyu`db d `istdkdr kgirtms bm smhri usdrldrkds, isti kmbkiptm. rildrkds `ildsgd`ms mhnitms, si kmbvgirti ib ub sgbsibtg`m yd qui tm`ms si vuicvib geudcis.

9.-Gldeib vs. Zdcdhrds > d vikis `istdkdr ub ispikgdc, ubd moirtd, m ubd sueiribkgd kmb ubd omtm ,`ghunm m gcustrdkgûb vib`i lukfm lds qui ubd `iskrgpkgûb `itdccd`d. –cd eibti is oäkgc `i gb`ukgr d kmlprdr d trdvçs `i ubd gldeib“ .(Xibç Ibecir t 1 Ldrait Ldbeir O[D). Zirm

tdlhgçb `ihilms tmldr ib kuibtd qui ic usm `i gläeibis si dsmkgd lukfm kmb ic sielibtm `i kmlg`ds räpg`ds, pmr cm qui fdy qui tibir kug`d`m ib cds omrlds d utgcgzdrcds.

?.- Xi`mb`im `i cms prikgms> cms kcgibtis tgibib omrlds pdrikg`ds `i vir y pibsdr smhri ic `gbirm y cms prikgms. Ysdr istrdtiegds `i ri`mb`im `i prikgms, fdkgd drrghd m dhndm, `ipib`gib`m `ic bþlirm qui ti `d, dyu`d d qui isds lmbi`ds qui`ib ib tu kuibtd y bm ib ic  hmcsgccm `i tu kcgibti. Istrdtiegds `i @gsiôm  ?0

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

Ixgstib lukfds `i omrlds `i pibsdr ib `gsiôdr ub libþ, `is`i ic pubtm `i vgstd istçtgkm. Drtìstgkm, `ikmrdtgvm, gcustrdtgvm, omtmeräogkm, pirsudsgvm, dkcdrdtmrgm......ixgstib gbogbg`d` `i  pmsghgcg`d`is dc dhmr`dr ic tild `i `i kûlm `gsiôdr ic lm`icm prmpgm `i libþ. Pm`ms Pm`ms iccms istäb ìbtgldlibti cged`ms dc kmbkiptm häsgkm `ic ilprib`glgibtm y trdtdb `i `istdkdr isi ispìrgtu m g`id. Ibulirdrilms dceubms pubtms icilibtdcis d tmldr ib kuibtd>   Kmcmr - bm fdy sueiribkgds pmsghcis dquì. Cd prisibkgd `i kmcmris m dusibkgd `i

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iccms (ic hcdbkm) vdb d sueirgr `goiribtis kmsds ,yd qui kd`d kmcmr `i dceubd omrld si dsmkgd gbtugtgvdlibti kmb ubd sibsdkgûb m sibtglgibtm.

  Ìkmbms ‛  ubd ldbird `i eibirdr omkm smhri kgirtms icilibtms is

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 pubtudcgzäb`mcms kmb ìkmbms , piquiôds gläeibis m sìlhmcms qui risulib risulib ubd g`id. Istms eibirdclibti istäb dsmkgd`ms d cd gldeib prgbkgpdc `ic biemkgm    Pgpmcmeìds `i citrds ‛  dyu`db d mr`ibdr y `gstgbeugr sielibtms `ibtrm `i ub

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libþ.    Omtms- ubd präktgkd pmkm kmlþb ib ic lirkd`m cmkdc `ic sielibtm `i

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ristdurdbtis `i dctd kmkgbd ,pirm luy pmpucdr ib cms sielibtms `i kmlg`d räpg`d y odlgcgdris. Fdy qui tibir kug`d`m qui ubd omtm, d `goiribkgd `i ubd ordsi, vib`i ubd gldeib yd ixgstibti, pmr cm kudc cm qui sdced `i cd kmkgbd `ihi  sir kmlm cd omtm. [gbm ,si prm`uki ub rikfdzm pmr pdrti `ic kcgibti, eibirdclibti glpmsghci `i rivirtgr.    _ibtd `i ixtrds y moirtds> ldc ibtib`g`m, ic pmbir ispikgdcis m ixtrds u moirtds

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ib cd kdrtd tgib`i d gb`gkdr ubd hdnd ib cd kdcg`d` .Hgib ibtib`g`m is ldxglgzdr ic ispdkgm `i tu kdrtd ,sgb ccibdrcm `i kmsds ,pdrd ridclibti vib`ir tm`m cm qui qugirds.    Cieghgcg`d`> lds `i ubd viz si vi ubd kdrtd ib cd qui fdy qui trdtdr `i ciir qui

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`gki `ihdnm m dträs m `icdbti `i cm qui istd iskrgtm! Istm is kcdvi qui bm suki`d. [g ic libþ bm si pui`i ciir m ibtib`ir kmrriktdlibti ,ic kcgibti bm cm vd d kmlprdr. D`iläs, gb`gkd pmkm kdrgôm pmr cm qui istä prisibtdb`m ,cm qui kmbccivd d pibsdr qui cd kmlg`d `i isd kmkgbd bm cd fdkib kmb dlmr. Oub`dlibtdc.    Zrikgms > qui si ibtgib`d hgib qui vdci kd`d kmsd. D`iläs `i sdhir kmstidr cm

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qui qugiris vib`ir, sg bm kmcmkds kmrriktdlibti ic prikgm, istäs pirnu`gkdb`m cd vibtd `i isi prm`uktm i gb`ukgib`m d pmsghcis irrmris d cd fmrd `i pdedr cd kuibtd , prm`ukgib`m ldcistdr ib ic kcgibti y pmkds edbds `i vmcvir d tu biemkgm. Eibird ub sibtglgibtm `i istdod.     _drgi`d` > qui ic libþ gbvgti d sieugr prmhdb`m, d trdvçs `i omrlds ,tixturds,

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kmrtis.....bm ti qui`is kmrtm `i g`ids!     Dlgstmsm - qui ic libþ bm gbtglg`i d bd`gi. Bm usis tçrlgbms kucgbdrgms ib

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g`gmlds ixtrdbnirms m edstrmbûlgkms smcm ibtib`g`m pmr prmoisgmbdcis `ic ärid. [g ubd pirsmbd bm ibtgib`m cm qui sgebgogkd, tdc viz si sgibtd gbtglg`d`m d  prieubtdr y dsì bubkd si vd d vib`ir isi pcdtm. Ic libþ bm is ub ub kmbkursm `i g`ids kucgbdrgds ,is ubd firrdlgibtd `i vibtd `i cms prm`uktms.  ?9

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

  @isdrrmccd tu prmpgm sgstild>  ubd viz `iogbg`m ic libþ ,trdtd `i icdhmrdrcm y

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sg is pmsghci glprglgrcm puirtds d`ibtrm. Istm vd d pirlgtgr qui tibeds ubd ocixghgcg`d` d cd fmrd `i quirir dhmr`dr kdlhgms ib çc. Pdc viz ic smpmrti `ic libþ pui`i sir ubd gbvirsgûb gbtirisdbti `i fdkir, pirm cd kdrtd qui vd d`ibtrm bm. Ic kdlhgm kmbstdbti `i istd kdrtd prm`uki ubd sibsdkgûb `i oriskurd y ribmvdkgûb, cm qui eibirdclibti si pirkghi kmlm dcem pmsgtgvm `is`i ic cd`m `ic kcgibti. D`iläs, pirlgtgrä dfmrrdr hdstdbti `gbirm ib fmbmrdrgms `i `gsiôm.  

Ic libþ , `ibtrm `i cd ilprisd qui si `isdrrmcci, vd d kulpcgr tris oubkgmbis häsgkds > gbomrldr, kmlprdr y vib`ir. istms kmbkiptms si dpcgkdb tdbtm t dbtm ib cds ärids gbtirbds kmlm ixtirbds `ic cuedr.

Kdtirgbe  Cd pdcdhrd kdtirgbe vgibi `ic gbecçs Kdtir ,qui sgebgogkd cgtirdclibti dhdstikir m prmviir. Kdtirgbe sirgd ubd `iomrldkgûb cgbeóìstgkd dc kdsticcdbm dpicdb`m d ubd omrld `i dhdstikir m  prmviir dcglibtms tirlgbd`ms, ubg`ms ubg`ms d ubd g`id `i sirvgkgm edstrmbûlgkm. edstrmbûlgkm. Omrlds `i fdkir kdtirgbe fdy lgcis, y kd`d ubd vd d istdr ib oubkgûb `ic tgpm `i prm`uktm y

sirvgkgm qui si qugird morikir. Ib cd cmeìstgkd gbtirbd `i ubd ilprisd `i kdtirgbe, ic erd`m `i kmlpcing`d` `i su istrukturd vd d istdr `d`m häsgkdlibti pmr ic vmculib `i prm`ukkgûb qui isd ilprisd tibed. Zirm dcem dc em d tibir ib kuibtd sgilpri is qui fdkir kdtirgbe pdrd 8: m pdrd 8::: pirsmbds is ixdktdlibti cm lgslm y `ipib`i `i ubd smcd kmsd> ic bgvic `i mredbgzdkgûb gbtirbd qui si tibed.

Zubtms d `isdrrmccdr ib kcdsi >

  Mredbgzdkgûb gbtirbd `i ubd ilprisd `i kdtirgbe > `ipdrtdlibtm kmlirkgdc,

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`ipdrtdlibtm `i kmmr`gbdkgûb ,`ipdrtdlibtm `i kmkgbd. Xicdkgûb ibtri cms `ipdrtdlibtms, kmmr`gbdkgûb `i trdhdnm. 

  Zruihd `i libþ > kmlm si drld ubd pruihd `i libþ1 icilibtms d tibir ib

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kuibtd ib ricdkgûb dc kcgibti, ispdkgm `istgbd`m d cd pruihd. Kmstms y hibiogkgms.

  Kmlubgkdkgûb ibtri cms `ipdrtdlibtms > ic vdci kmlirkgdc y ic vdci `i

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kmkgbd. Gbomrldkgûb bikisdrgd d kmlpdrtgr ibtri cms `ipdrtdlibtms, ldb`dtm fmrgzmbtdc `i tdrids.

  Mredbgzdkgûb `ic ispdkgm ib ic ivibtm> `iogbgkgûb `i zmbds `i trdhdnm

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(kdcgibtis, orìms ,lmbtdni y `ispdkfm). Xicdkgûb `i cd zmbd `i ilpcdtd`m y ic ??

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

sdcûb. Drld`m `i ic kgrkugtm `i kgrkucdkgûb `i cms kdldrirms. ^mbd `i `is vdrdsi > irrmris kmlubis d tibir ib kuibtd pdrd ivgtdr rmturds y dkkg`ibtis. 

  Ivdcudkgûb pmst ivibtm > @gsiôm `i pcdbgccd `i ivdcudkgûb 

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?5

odkihmma.kml/ZdtrgkgdOcmrisZdsticird.  

ldgc>   ocmrispb6:Jfmtl ldgc> ocmrispb6:Jfmtldgc.kml dgc.kml  

 

YBG@D@ ? Cms Zmstris

?6