Manual PLON - R

August 18, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A

Share Embed Donate

Report this link

Short Description

Download Manual PLON - R...

Description

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc

]FKL - Y

C `knk nd cnvdrtdlehc7 Lk sd ndid clcfhzcr df pktdlehcf pktdlehcf fhljöàsthek ndf ul lhók lhók shl rdfcehkl rdfcehklcrfk crfk ekl su lhvdf nd ndscrrkffk jdldrcf. Uhd`prd acy qud eklshndrcrfk ndltrk ndf ekltdxtk nd su ndscrrkffk jfkicf. Uh ihdl fks rdsuftcnks kitdlhnks pkr cfjulks lhóks dl fcs dvcfucehklds ndf fdljucgd rdcfhzcncs `dnhcltd dstc prudic pudndl sdr sh`hfcrds, dffk lk lks ndid acedr pdlscr qud su rht`k nd cnquhshehõl buturc vcyc c sdr df `hs`k, yc qud èstd ndpdlndrã nd ktrks cspdetks qud nhbdrdlehcl hlnhvhnucf`dltd c ecnc sugdtk. Dl lhlj÷l `k`dltk pudndl hltdrprdtcrsd dl bkr`c chsfcnc fks rdsuftcnks r dsuftcnks kitdlhnks dl eucfquhdrc nd fks lhvdfds fhljöàstheks (bklkfõjhek, `krbkfõjhek, shltãethek, fèxhek, sd`ãlthek k nd usk ekùlhecthvk) shlk dl bulehõl ndf ecrãetdr jfkicf ndf fdljucgd, nd fks `declhs`ks qud h`pfhec.

Bhlcfhncn ndf tdst7 Ndtdeehõl rãphnc k serddlhlj (0 dvcfucehõl rãphnc y sk`drc) ndf ndscrrkffk ndf fdljucgd krcf dl lhóks nd 5, >, 4 y 2 cóks.

3

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc

]FKL - Y

Gusthbhecehõl tdõrhec Dstc prudic vcfkrc df ndscrrkffk ndscrrkffk ndf fdljucgd nd fks lhóks nd 5, >, 4 y 2 cóks dl fks cspdetk cspdetkss nd bklkfkjàc, `krbkfkjàc-shltcxhs, ekltdlhnk y usk nd fdljucgd. Ud icsc dl fc nhvhshõl nd Ifkk` y Fcady (38:1, Fcljucgd ndvdfkp`dlt ndvdfkp`dlt cln fdljucgd nhskrndrs ― L.Xkro7 Gkal Zhfdy cln cln skls) c fc akrc nd clcfhz clcfhzcr cr df fdljucgd hlbcl hlbclthf. thf. . ^cfds cutkrds prkpkldl ul clcfhzcs clcfhzcs shlerõlhe shlerõlhek, k, sdj÷l df eu eucf cf df fdljucgd hlbc hlbclthf lthf sd ectdjkrhzc ddll Bkr`c, Ekltdlhnk y Tsk. Nd ceudrnk ekl dstd dlbkqud sd pfcltdcl fks shjuhdltds cpcrtcnks, cpcrtcnks, qud lksktrks ad`ks hlefuhnk dl fc prudic.

BKY@C Dl dstd cpcrtcnk hlefuhnks tknks cqudffks cspdetks qud thdldl qud vdr ekl fc ndserhpehõl y clãfhshs nd fks cspdetks bkr`cfds, ds ndehr, nd fc tkpkjrcbàc nd fc rdspudstc vdricf, shl tdldr dl eudltc ktrks cspdetks qud pudndl acedr rdbdrdlehc c bulehklds sd`ãlthecs k hltdrcethvcs. Hlefuh`ks dl dstc ndserhpehõl bkr`cf fks shjuhdltds suicpcrtcnks7

3.- BKLKFKJHC Df kigdthvk nd dstc prudic ds ndtdetcr fks lhóks dltrd 5 y 2 cóks qud thdld rdtrcsks k trcstkrlks bklkfõjheks. Ndsnd dstc pdrspdethvc, rdcfhzc`ks dstc prudic pcrc vcfkrcr fc crtheufcehõl nd sklhnks dl h`htcehõl nhbdrhnc y sujdrhnc cf `hs`k thd`pk pkr h`ãjdlds qud cek`pcócl c ndtdr`hlcncs pcfcircs, Dl su dfcikrcehõl ad ad`ks `ks tdlhnk dl eeudltc, udltc, dltrd ktrks nctks, fc ]rudic pcrc fc Dvcfucehõl ndf Ndscrrkffk Bklkfõjhek Bklkfõjhek dl lhóks nd 5 c : có cóks ks nd Fcurc Iksea (Iksea, 3815)

9.- @KYBKFKJHC X UHL^CQHU Dl dstc prudic lks pfcltdc`ks pfcltdc`ks fc ndserhpehõ ndserhpehõll y df dstunhk nd subhgks k `krbd`cs vdricfd vdricfds, s, nd fcs vcrhcehklds qud subrd df fèxhek y ndf thpk nd brcsds prknuehncs pkr df lhók (brcsds sh`pfds, ekkrnhlcncs, suikrnhlcncs suikrnhlcncs…). …). C fc akrc nd dfdjhr fks àtd`s lks ad`ks juhcnk juhcnk pkr erhtdrhks nd cnquhshehõ cnquhshehõll dvkfuthvc. ]crc dxpfkrcr dstd cspdetk sd acl uthfhzcnk trds `kncfhncnds7

9

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc

]FKL - Y

9.3- H`htcehõl nhrdetc nd dstrueturcs shltãethecs. Lks icsc`ks dl fc hndc ekltrcstcnc ekltrcstcnc nd qud df lhók skfk h`htc cq cqudffk udffk qud nd cfjulc cfjulc `cldrc ek`prdlnd. Ud uthfhzcnk dstc `kncfhnc `kncfhncnn dl fcs prudics pcrc fks lhóks lhóks nd 5,> y 4 cóks.

9.9- ]rknueehõl sujdrhnc pkr dlulehcnks hlek`pfdtks Fks qud skl dfhehtcnks pkr ekltdxtks vdricfds cpkycnks dl h`ãjdlds. Ekrrdspklnd c fks 2 cóks.

9.5- ]rknueehõl vdricf sujdrhnc pkr h`ãjdlds. Ud clcfhzc df lrk y df thpk nd brcsds prknuehncs. Ekrrdspklnd Ekrrdspklnd c fks 5, > y 4 cóks.

EKL^DLHNK Dl dstd cpcrtcnk rdhlefuydl cspdetks rdfcthvks cf dstunhk ndf shjlhbhecnk nd fcs pcfcircs. ^hdldl ulc h`pkrtclehc bulnc`dltcf, puds eklshndrc`ks qud jucrncl rdfcehõl r dfcehõl ekl df ndscrrkffk ekjlhthvk. Ek`k dl fcs prudics nd @krbkfkjàc y Uhltcxhs df erhtdrhk cnkptcnk pcrc fc dfdeehõl nd àtd`ds ac shnk nd thpk pshekdvkfuthvk. ^dlhdlnk dl eudltc fc hltdrrdfcehõl dltrd fdljucgd y pdlsc`hdltk, fks htdrds rdekjhnks rdbfdgcl ― c lhvdf ek`prdlshvk y prknuethvk ― fks shjuhdltds cspdetks sd`ãltheks7 sd`ãltheks7 







5 cóks7 fèxhek, hndlthbhecehõl nd ekfkrds, rdfcehklds dspcehcfds, pcrtds iãshecs ndf eudrpk, d hndlthbhecehõl nd ceehklds iãshecs. hndlthbhecehõl nd ekfkrds, rdfcehklds dspcehcfds, eklkeh`hdltk nd >kpudstks cóks7 fèxhek, y ldedshncnds iãshecs.

4 cóks7 ectdjkràcs, ceehklds, pcrtds h`pkrtcltds ndf eudrpk, sdjuh`hdltk nd krndlds y ndbhlhehõl pkr df usk. 2 cóks7 tdrehk dxefusk, eklkeh`hdltk nd kpudstks, ectdjkràcs y ndbhlhehõl nd pcfcircs.

Ad`ks tdlhnk dl eudltc fcs hlvdsthjcehklds rdcfhzcncs pkr ]hcjdt qud cpkrtcl nctks ùy vcfhksks qud ekrrkikrcl fcs h`pfhecehklds dltrd fks prkedsks ekjlhthvks y df ndscrrkffk vdricf. Dl dstc prudic fcs rdspudstcs rdspudstcs vdric vdricfds fds c lhvdf ek`p ek`prdlshvk rdlshvk qud sd fd phndl cf lhók ssdd ekrrdspklndl ekrrdspklndl prdbdrdltd`dltd ekl ekl fc bulehõl nd ndlk`hlcthvc lk`hlcthvc nd Furhc (3815), k nd tcet sdj÷l sdj÷l Uohlldr (3813), uthfhzclnk dstàùfks vhsucfds k cunhthvks qud df lhók ndidrã hndlthbhecr k lkìrcr. ^cìhèl ad`ks uthfhzcnk rdbdrdlehc fcs dsecfcs nd ndscrrkffk hltdfdetucf nd ^dr`cl-@drrhff (38:4) y nd Zdseafdrek`k (3819).

5

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc

]FKL - Y

TUK Dl dstd cpcrtcnk aced`ks rdbdrdlehc rdbdrdlehc c fc bulehklcfhncn ndf fdljucgd krcf dl fks lhóks nd 5, >, 4 y 2 cóks shjuhdlnk fks pkstufcnks pkstufcnks pshekfhljöàs pshekfhljöàstheks theks nd Rhjktzoy (38:5), pcrc quhdl quhdl fc dxpdrhdlehc fhljöàsthec gudjc ul pcpdf h`pkrtcltd dl df ndscrrkffk ndf fdjucgd y ek`k `dnhk nd ekùlhecehõl nd su pdlsc`hdltk. ^cìhèl sd acl tdlhnk ùy prdsdltds fcs cpkrtcehklds nd Furhc (3815) cf eklshndrcr fc bulehõl nhrdethvc ndf fdljucgd dl fc rdjufcehõl nd fcs ceehklds prkphcs y cgdlcs y fc efcshbhecehõl bulehklcf ndf fdljucgd sdj÷l Acffhncy (3815). Ad`ks sdfdeehklcnk ulcs eucltcs bulehklds rdprdsdltcthvcs ndf fdljucgd hlbclthf (pfclhbhecehõl, cutkrrdjufcehõl,, ek`prdlshõl y cncptcehõl …) y sd acl nhsdócnk ulcs shtucehklds qud prkphehcl fc cutkrrdjufcehõl kisdrvcehõl shstd`ãthec nd nheacs bulehklds. Eklshndrc`ks qud df df usk skehcf ndf fdljucgd ds fc pcrtd `cs `cs h`pkrltcltd c fc akrc nd vcfkrcr df ndscrrkffk ndf fdljucgd dl dl df lhók nd dstcs dncnds. dncnds. Df lhók, cf ekùlhecrsd ekùlhecrsd,, cf uthfhzcr su pktdlehcf vdricf, vc dlrhqudehdlnk su ecuncf nd ekltdlhnk, c`kfnclnk fks cspdetks bkr`cfds pcrc acedr su fdljucgd hltdfhjhifd. Ds, puds, dl shtucehklds nd hltdrceehõ hltdrceehõll ekùlhecthvc nklnd vc dstrueturcln dstrueturclnkk df acifc y fk eklvhdrtd dl fdljucgd. Nd fc rhqudzc nd dstcs dxpdrhdlehcs y nd fcs dxhjdlehcs nd sus hltdrfkeutkrds `ãs edreclks edreclks ndpdlndrã qud dsd fdljucgd fdljucgd tdljc k lk tdljc ulc cndeucnc dvkfuehõl. Dl 5, > y 4 cóks shrvd df `hs`k àtd` pcrc su dxpfkrcehõl. Dl df lhvdf nd 2 cóks sd acl nhvdrshbhecnk `ãs fcs shtucehklds. Uk`ks eklehdltds nd fcs fh`htcehklds dl fc dxpfkrcehõl nd dstd cpcrtcnk y ndsdc`ks pkndr rddstrueturcrfk dl df buturk.

>

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc

]FKL - Y

LKY@CU ND C]FHECEHÕL X EKYYDEEHKL EKYYDEEHKL

5.3.3-

Hlstr strue ueeehk hkl lds jjddldr ldrcf cfdds

-

Df dxc`hlcnkr ndidrã dstcr bc`hfhcrhzcnk ekl df `clucf, fks ekltdlhnks y fks `ctdrhcfds qud uscrã c fk fcrjk nd fc cpfhecehõl.

-

Df cìhdltd ndidrã sdr shfdlehksk, prhvcnk, eõ`knk, vdlthfcnk y fhird nd nhstrceehklds.

-

Ud prkeurcrã dstcifdedr ulc rdfcehõl c`hjcifd ekl df lhók, prdsdltclnk fc sdshõl nd dvcfucehõl ek`k ul gudjk cjrcncifd.

-

Ud ndidrã dstcr cfdrtc cf lhvdf nd bcthjc ndf dxc`hlclnk y sd suspdlndrã `k`dltãl `k`dltãldc`dltd dc`dltd fc dvcfucehõl dl df ecsk qud df lhók nd ù ùdstrcs dstrcs nd eclsclehk eclsclehk k ndshltdrès.

-

Ud clh`crã y dfkjhcrã cf lhók pkr df dsbudrzk qud rrdcfhzc dcfhzc nurcltd fc cpfhecehõl, prkeurclnk lk rdbkrzcr cf dxc`hlclnk skfk euclnk nd rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs. Df dfkjhk sd ndidràc ncr pkr df dsbudrzk, df hltdrès y fc ekkpdrcehõl.

5.9-5.9

Hlstr Hlstruee ueehkl hklds ds ddspd spdehb ehbhec hecss y erhtdr erhtdrhks hks nd ekr ekrrde rdeehõ ehõl l

Fc prudic ]FKL ― Y ds ul hlstru`dltk nd cpfhe cpfhecehõl cehõl hlnhvhnucf, pkr fk qud df lhók ndi ndidrã drã dstcr sdltcnk c fc `dsc brdltd cf dxc`hlcnkr. Dstd ndidrã tdldr c `clk tknk df `ctdrhcf cuxhfhcr qud ldedshtd ekl fc bhlcfhncn nd lk rdtrcscr fc cpfhecehõl lh nhstrcdr cf dxc`hlclnk. dxc`hlclnk. Tlc vdz qud dstè tknk prdpcrcnk sd pudnd ndehr7 ‖Rc`ks c gujcr ul gudjk ùy nhvdrthnk. Dl dstd gudjk ds ùy h`pkrtcltd qud `d dseueads ekl ctdlehõl y qud td bhgds ihdl dl tknk fk qud td vky c dlsdócr. »Suhdrds gujcr ekl`hjk;... ekl`hjk;... ¡]uds d`pdzc`ks!‐

4

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc

]FKL - Y

5 cóks BKY@C 3.- BKLKFKJHC Dl dstc prudic sd trctc nd dvcfucr dvcfucr sh df lhók prklulehc fks bkld`cs bkld`cs ekrrdspklnhdl ekrrdspklnhdltds tds c su dncn nd ceudrnk c fc h`htcehõl nhbdrhnc. k

k

@ctdrhcf7 eucndrlhffk nd dstàùfks, 5 cóks. Bklkfkjàc Hlstrueehklds 7 Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl lkìrclnk tkncs fcs h`ãjdlds nd ecnc bkld`c shl df crtàeufk. ]kr dg., dl df bkld`c bkld`c /i/ sd nhràc7 ‖@hrã vky c `kstrcrtd fcs bktks nd iktc y euik. ‖C eklthlucehõl sd ùdstrcl fcs h`ãjdlds shl lkìrcrfcs ycfprdjultclnk lhók qud ds prhlehphk ndcfec ecnc nc bkld` bkld`c. c. fk qud vd (»Suè ds dstk;)Dstcs hlstrueehklds sd vcl rdphthdlnk

k

k

k

Clktcehõl7 Ud clktcl fcs rdspudstcs drrõldcs ndf dxc`hlclnk ÷lhec`dltd rdspdetk cf bkld`c dvcfucnk, trclserhihdlnk fhtdrcf`dltd fc prknueehõl vdricf. Ekrrdeehõl 7 Ud eklshndrcl ekrrdetcs ekrrdetcs sõfk fcs prknueehkld prknueehkldss vdricfds qud ekhlehndl dxcetc`dltd dxcetc`dl td ekl df dsthùfk krcf prdsdltcnk prdsdltcnk.. Ud eklshndrc drrkr euclnk df lhók lhók lk rdprknued dxcetc`dltd dxcetc`dltd df dsthùfk, ihdl pkr k`hshõl k pkr susthtuehõl ndf bkld`c. ]ultucehõl7 3 pultk lhlj÷l drrkr dl fks bkld`cs b kld`cs nd su dncn. = pultk eucfquhdr drrkr dl fks bkld`cs nd su dncn.

9.- @KYBKFKJHC ― UHL^CQHU 3.- Ydpdthehõl nd brcsds Ekl dstc prudic sd prdtdlnd ek`prkicr sh df lhók ds ecpcz nd rdtdldr ulc dstrueturc `krbkshltãethec nd 4 õ 2 dfd`dltks. k

k

k

Hlstrueehklds 7 Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl y df dgd`pfk. Uh df lhók lk rdphtd ekrrdetc`dltd df dgd`pfk, sd vudfvd c fddr fc hlstrueehõl. Euclnk sd acyc csdjurcnk qud ek`prdlnhõ fc tcrdc c rdcfhzcr, sd ek`hdlzc ek`hdlzc c fdd fddrr fcs brcsds nd dvcfucehõl. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc df lrk nd dfd`dltks nd ecnc brcsd qud df lhók rdphtd culqud tdljcl ndbdetk nd bkr`c. Ukfk euclnk df lhók ek`dtc drrkrds dl fc prknueehõl sd trclserhid fhtdrcf`dltd fc rdspudstc. Ekrrdeehõl 7 Ud vcfkrc df lrk nd dfd`dltks qud df lhók ac rdpdthnk, yc sdcl ulhncnds ekl k shl shjlhbhecnk (sustclthvks, crtàeufks, rdpkshehklds, vdriks, dte) shd`prd qud pdrtdldzecl c 2

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc

]FKL - Y

fc brcsd qud sd fd ac pdnhnk qud rdphtc. Lk sd tdlnrãl dl eudltc fks dfd`dltks ludvks cócnhnks, fc dxcethtun bklèthec k df ecìhk nd krndl nd fks dfd`dltks. k

]ultucehõl7 9 pultks7 4 k `cs dfd`dltks rdpdthnks dl ecnc brcsd. 3 pultk7 4 k `cs dfd`dltks rdpdthnks dl ulc brcsd. = pultk7 > k `dlks dfd`dltks rdpdthnks dl ecnc brcsd.

9.- Dxprdshõl vdricf dspkltãldc Ud prdtdlnd clcfhzcr fc bkr`c nd dxprdscrsd ndf lhók c pcrthr nd ul dsthùfk vhsucf. k

k

k

k

@ctdrhcf7 Eucndrlk nd dstàùfks 5 cóks 7 Fã`hlc 3 Hlstrueehklds7 Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlk nd clktcehõl y c eklthlucehõl sd ùdstrc fc fã`hlc 3. Clktcehõl7 Ud clktc fc rdspudstc ndf lhók trclserhihdlnk fhtdrcf`dltd fc prknueehõl vdricf. Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud vcfkrc df lrk nd brcsds prknuehncs pkr df lhók, eklshndrclnk qud dxhstd ulc brcsd euclnk dxhstd ul vdrik. Cnd`ãs sd clktc df pctrõl nd jdstks ndf lhók nurcltd fc ekùlhecehõl.

]ultucehõl7 9 pultks7 9 k `cs brcsds prknuehncs. 3 pultk7 3 brcsd prknuehnc. = pultk7 lhljulc brcsd prknuehnc. k

EKL^DLHNK H.- FDQHEK Dstc prudic dvcf÷c df eklkeh`hdltk nd fcs pcfcircs ndf vkeciufcrhk c lhvdf ek`prdlshvk y sh df lhók ds ecpcz nd lkìrcr ktrcs c lhvdf dxprdshvk.

3.- Lhvdf ek`prdlshvk k

k

k

@ctdrhcf7 Eucndrlk nd dstàùfks 5 cóks. Fã`hlc 9 Hlstrueehklds7 sd fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl y c eklthlucehõl sd ùdstrc fc Fã`hlc 9. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc sh sdócfc ecnc dfd`dltk nd `knk ekrrdetk (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetk (- õ lk)

9.- Lhvdf dxprdshvk k

@ctdrhcf7 Eucndrlk nd dstàùfks 5 cóks. Fã`hlc 5 :

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc k

k

k

k

]FKL - Y

Hlstrueehklds7 sd fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl y c eklthlucehõl sd ùdstrc fc Fã`hlc 5 `hdltrcs sd sdócfcl fcs h`ãjdlds. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc sh sdócfc ecnc dfd`dltk nd `knk ekrrdetk (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetk (- õ lk) Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud eklshndrcl ekrrdetcs fcs rdspudstcs7 cvhõl, ecicffk, tdfèbklk k edfufcr, jcbcs, pcltcfõl y pdrc. ]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 tknks fks dfd`dltks sdócfcnks ekrrdetc`dltd. = pultk7 4 k `dlks dfd`dltks sdócfcnks ekrrdetc`dltd.

HNDL^HBHECEHÕL ND EKFKYDU. HH.- HNDL^HBHECEHÕL Ud clcfhzc sh df lhók hndlthbhec fks > ekfkrds bulnc`dltcfds. k

@ctdrhcf7 Euctrk bheacs nd ekfkrds rkgk, vdrnd, c`crhffk y czuf.

k

k

k

k

Hlstrueehklds7 sd ekfkecl fcs bheacs nd ekfkrds skird fc `dsc. Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl. Ud ndidl `dzefcr fcs bheacs fudjk nd ecnc hltdltk. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc sh sdfdeehklc ecnc dfd`dltk nd `knk ekrrdetk (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetk (- õ lk) Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud vcfkrc df eklkeh`hdltk ek`prdlshvk nd fks ekfkrds rkgk, vdrnd, c`crhffk y czuf. ]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 tk`c ekrrdetc`dltd fcs > bheacs. = pultk7 tk`c 5 õ `dlks bheacs ekrrdetc`dltd.

HHH.YDFCEHKLDU DU]CEHCFDU Df kigdthvk nd dstc prudic ds vdr sh df lhók eklked fks ekledptks dspcehc dspcehcfds fds crrhic, cicgk, ndltrk y budrc. k

@ctdrhcf7 Cuthtk y iktd nd fãpheds.

k

Hlstrueehklds7 Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl.

k

Clktcehõl7 sd clktc sh rdspklnd rdspklnd `knk ekrrdetk (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetk (- õ lk) lk)

k

k

Ekrrdeehõl7 Ukl rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs cqudffcs dl fcs qud df cuthtk sd sht÷d dl ulc pkshehõl cekrnd cekrnd ekl fc hlstruee hlstrueehõl. hõl. Dl df ecsk nndd crrhic y cicgk ssdrã drã ekrrdetk eucfquhdr eucfquhdr `kvh`hdltk qud supkljc dfdvcr k ndsedlndr efcrc`dltd df cuthtk rdspdetk c su pkshehõl nd pcrthnc. (]kr dg, cfzc df cuthtk ekl fc `clk, fk sht÷c ndicgk nd fc `dsc…) ]ultucehõl7 1

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc

]FKL - Y

3 pultk7 tkncs fcs rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs. = pultks7 5 õ `dlks rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs.

HR.- ]CY^DU NDF ETDY]K Ud dvcf÷c sh df lhók hndlthbhec pcrtds ndf eudrpk usucfds dl su dncn. k

k

k

k

Hlstrueehklds7 Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl y df dgd`pfk. Uh df lhók lk ek`prdlnd fc tcrdc c rdcfhzcr sd fd ndidrã dxpfhecr nd ludvk cpkyãlnksd dl df dgd`pfk. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc sh sdócfc ecnc ecnc pcrtd nd `cldrc ekrrdetc (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetc (- õ lk) Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud vcfkrc sh df lhók sdócfc ecnc pcrtd ekrrdetc`dltd. ]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 tkncs fcs pcrtds ndf eudrpk sdócfcncs ekrrdetc`dltd. = pultks7 2 õ `dlks rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs.

R.- HNDL^HBHECY CEEHKLDU IÃUHECU Dl dstc prudic sd trctc nd vdr sh df lhók ds ecpcz nd lkìrcr ceehklds sdlehffcs. k

@ctdrhcf7 Eucndrlk nd dstàùfks dstàùfks 5 cóks ― Fã`hlcs nd fc > c fc 8.

k

k

Hlstrueehklds7 Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl `hdltrcs sd fd ùdstrc ecnc fã`hlc. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc sh hndlthbhec ecnc ceehõl nd `cldrc ekrrdetc (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetc (õ lk)

Ekrrdeehõl7 Fã`hlc >… ek`dr, dstã ek`hdlnk, ek`dr pcphffc, edlcr (Hlekrrdetcs7 ( Hlekrrdetcs7 fcvcrsd fks nhdltds, sdltcrsd…) Fã`hlc 4… phltcr, phltcln phltclnk, k, nhiugcr, ekfkrdcr… (Hlekrrdetcs7 (Hlekrrdetcs7 dserhihr, gujc gujcr, r, acedr

k

ekshtcs…) Fã`hlc 2… gujclnk, gujcr, acedr eklstrueehklds… (Hlekrrdetc7 acehdlnk puzzfds…) Fã`hlc :… ffkrcr, dstã ffkrclnk,,, (Hlekrrdetcs7 edrrcr fks kgks, jrhtcr, dstã trhstd…) Fã`hlc 1… nkr`hr, dstã nur`hdlnk… (Hlekrrdetcs7 dstcr dl fc ec`c, cekstcrsd dl fc ec`c…) Fã`hlc 8… phs, phpà, ecec… (Hlekrrdetcs7 (H lekrrdetcs7 sdltcnk, dstã dl df icók..) k

]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 tkncs fcs rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs. = pultks7 4 õ `dlks rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs.

8

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc

]FKL - Y

TUK H.- DQ]YDUHÕL DU]KL^ÃLDC CL^D TLC FÃ@HLC. Ud prdtdlnd clcfhzcr df lhvdf bulehklcf b ulehklcf ndf fdljucgd uthfhzcnk pkr df lhók dl shtucehklds ùy acihtucfds. k

k

k

Clktcehõl7 sd vcfkrc df rdfctk rdcfhzcnk dl df cpcrtcnk Dxprdshõl vdricf dspkltãldc (Bkr`cf) y sd `crec df shjlk ekrrdspklnhdltd. Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud cprdehcl trds lhvdfds nd dxprdshõl7 3. Ndlk`hlcehõl7 euclnk sd fh`htc c lkìrcr dfd`dltks ndf nhiugk. 9. Ndserhpehõl7 sh dxprdsc rdfcehklds dltrd fks dfd`dltks ndf nhiugk k fks ecfhbhec ( df lhók ffkrc, nks lhóks ekfu`phãlnksd, ul pcpã jrclnd..) 5. Lcrrcehõl7 Uh aced rdbdrdlehc r dbdrdlehc c dfd`dltks lk prdsdltds, hltdrprdtc adeaks, rdfcehklc ulks ekl ktrks… (ul lhók ffkrc pkrqud sd ac ecànk ndf ekfu`phk, su pcpã fd cyuncrã…) ]ultucehõl7 9 pultks7 ndserhid k lcrrc. 3 pultk7 ndlk`hlc. = pultk7 lk ndlk`hlc.

]udstk qud fk `ãs brdeudltd ds qud df lhók sd dxprdsd dl `cs nd ul lhvdf, ÷lhec`dltd sd clktc df qud h`pfhqud `cykr ek`pfdghncn ek`pfdghncn dxprdshvc. Nd `kn `knkk qud sh ul lhók lcrrc sõfk sd rdjhstrc dstd lhvdf pkrqud dffk h`pfhec qud tcìhèl ds ecpcz nd ndlk`hlcr y ndserhihr. Hjucf`dltd sh ndserhid ac supdrcnk df lhvdf nd fc ndlk`hlcehõl. ndlk`hlcehõl.

HH.- HL^DYCEEHÕL DU]KL^ÃLDC C FK FCYJK ND FC ]YTDIC Ud rdbhdrd cf dstunhk nd fcs eklnuetcs vdricfds ekùlhecthvcs ndf lhók nurcltd fc prudic ek`k hlnhecnkr ndf usk rdcf ndf fdljucgd. k Clktcehõl7 Ud vcfkrcl fcs `clhbdstcehkl `clhbdstcehklds ds vdricfds dspkltãldcs y ekùlhecthvcs ndf lhók c fk fcrjk nd fc prudic. k

Ekrrdeehõl 7 Ud ndidl vcfkrcr fcs shjuhdltds eklnuetcs7 eklnuetcs7

3. Ukfhehtc hlbkr`cehõl k phnd cyunc7 cyunc7 sh ac prdjultcnk k ac pdn pdnhnk hnk krhdltcehõl k cyunc dl cfj÷l `k`dltk nd fc prudic ( dstk, » qud ds;...»ek`k fk acjk;...) 9. ]dthehõl nd ctdlehõl7 Uh fcs rdspudstcs acl hnk dlec`hlcncs c qud sd fd dseueacrc, sd fd `hrcsd, sd fd ahehdsd ecsk k ac lkìrcnk fk qud aceàc ek`k bhlcf nd ulc tcrdc pcrc pdnhr fc ctdlehõl (@hrã… Xc dstã..) 5. Cutkrrdjufcehõl7 Uh ac acifcnk c `dnhnc qud ac hnk acehdlnk shl prdtdlndr pdnhr ctdlehõl, cyunc k pfclhbhecehõl, pfclhbhecehõl, shlk sh`pfd`dltd ek`k eklbhr`cehõl nd su prkphc prkphc ceehõl (vky c vdr sh…. Dstc phdzc…) k

]ultucehõl7 3=

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc

]FKL - Y

3 pultk7 3 õ `cs rdspudstcs kisdrvcnc kisdrvcncs. s. = pultk7 lhljulc rdspudstc kisdrvcnc kisdrvcnc..

> cóks BKY@C 3.- BKLKFKJHC Dl dstc prudic sd trctc nd dvcfucr dvcfucr sh df lhók prklulehc fks bkld`cs bkld`cs ekrrdspklnhdl ekrrdspklnhdltds tds c su dncn nd ceudrnk c fc h`htcehõl nhbdrhnc. k

k

@ctdrhcf7 eucndrlhffk nd dstàùfks, 5 cóks. Bklkfkjàc Hlstrueehklds 7 Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl lkìrclnk tkncs fcs h`ãjdlds nd ecnc bkld`c shl df crtàeufk. ]kr dg., dl df bkld`c bkld`c /n/ sd nhràc7 ‖@hrã vky c `kstrcrtd fcs bktks nd ndnk y lhnk. ‖C eklthlucehõl sd ùdstrcl fcs h`ãjdlds shl lkìrcrfcs y prdjultclnk cf lhók qud ds fk qud vd (»Suè ds dstk;)Dstcs hlstrueehklds sd vcl rdphthdlnk prhlehphk nd ecnc bkld`c bkld`c. Dl dfcltdrhkr ecsk qudacstc cpcrdze cpcrdzecl cldfùeaks sd ndidrãl ndidrãl dxpfhecr fkscfàtd`s ekrrdspklnhdltds c fc. dncn shtucr lhvdfnddrrkrds prklulehcehõl ekrrdetc ndf lhók.

k

k

k

Clktcehõl7 Ud clktcl fcs rdspudstcs drrõldcs ndf dxc`hlclnk ÷lhec`dltd rdspdetk cf bkld`c dvcfucnk, trclserhihdlnk fhtdrcf`dltd fc prknueehõl vdricf. Ekrrdeehõl 7 Ud eklshndrcl ekrrdetcs ekrrdetcs sõfk fcs prknueehkld prknueehkldss vdricfds qud ekhlehndl dxcetc`dltd dxcetc`dl td ekl df dsthùfk krcf prdsdltcnk prdsdltcnk.. Ud eklshndrc drrkr euclnk df lhók lhók lk rdprknued dxcetc`dltd dxcetc`dltd df dsthùfk, ihdl pkr k`hshõl k pkr susthtuehõl ndf bkld`c. ]ultucehõl7 3 pultk lhlj÷l drrkr dl fks bkld`cs b kld`cs nd su dncn. = pultk eucfquhdr drrkr dl fks bkld`cs nd su dncn.

9.- @KYBKFKJHC ― UHL^CQHU 3.- Ydpdthehõl nd brcsds Ekl dstc prudic sd prdtdlnd ek`prkicr sh df lhók ds ecpcz nd rdtdldr ulc dstrueturc `krbkshltãethec nd : u 1 dfd`dltks. k

k

Hlstrueehklds 7 Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl y df dgd`pfk. Uh df lhók lk rdphtd ekrrdetc`dltd df dgd`pfk, sd vudfvd c fddr fc hlstrueehõl. Euclnk sd acyc csdjurcnk qud ek`prdlnhõ fc tcrdc c rdcfhzcr, sd ek`hdlzc ek`hdlzc c fdd fddrr fcs brcsds nd dvcfucehõl. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc df lrk nd dfd`dltks nd ecnc brcsd qud df lhók rdphtd culqud tdljcl ndbdetk nd bkr`c. Ukfk euclnk df lhók ek`dtc drrkrds dl fc prknueehõl sd trclserhid fhtdrcf`dltd fc rdspudstc. 33

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc k

k

]FKL - Y

Ekrrdeehõl 7 Ud vcfkrc df lrk nd dfd`dltks qud df lhók ac rdpdthnk, yc sdcl ulhncnds ekl k shl shjlhbhecnk (sustclthvks, crtàeufks, rdpkshehklds, vdriks, dte) shd`prd qud pdrtdldzecl c fc brcsd qud sd fd ac pdnhnk qud rdphtc. Lk sd tdlnrãl dl eudltc fks dfd`dltks ludvks cócnhnks, fc dxcethtun bklèthec k df ecìhk nd krndl nd fks dfd`dltks. ]ultucehõl7 9 pultks7 : k `cs dfd`dltks rdpdthnks nd ecnc brcsd. 3 pultk7 : k `cs dfd`dltks rdpdthnks sõfk nd ulc brcsd. = pultk7 > k `dlks dfd`dltks rdpdthnks nd ecnc brcsd.

9.- Dxprdshõl vdricf dspkltãldc Ud prdtdlnd clcfhzcr fc bkr`c nd dxprdscrsd ndf lhók c pcrthr nd ul dsthùfk vhsucf. k

@ctdrhcf7 Eucndrlk nd dstàùfks > cóks 7 Fã`hlc 3

k

Hlstrueehklds7 Ud fdd prh`drk hlstrueehõl hlstrueehõl y c eklthluc eklthlucehõl ehõl sd ùdstrc fc fã`hlc 3.

k

Clktcehõl7 Ud clktc fc rdspudstc ndf lhók trclserhihdlnk fhtdrcf`dltd fc prknueehõl vdricf.

k

Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud vcfkrc df lrk nd brcsds prknuehncs pkr df lhók, eklshndrclnk qud dxhstd ulc brcsd euclnk dxhstd ul vdrik.

]ultucehõl7 9 pultks7 5 k ` `cs cs brcsds prknuehncs. 3 pultk7 9 brcsds prknuehncs. = pultk7 3 k lhljulc brcsd prknuehnc.

k

EKL^DLHNK H.- FDQHEK Dstc prudic dvcf÷c df df eklkeh`hdltk nd fcs pcfcirc pcfcircss ndf vkeciufcrhk ( lhvdf ek`prd ek`prdlshvk) lshvk) y sh df lhók ds ecpcz nd lkìrcr ktrcs ( lhvdf dxprdshvk).

3.- Lhvdf ek`prdlshvk k

k

k

@ctdrhcf7 Eucndrlk nd dstàùfks > cóks. Fã`hlc 9 Hlstrueehklds7 sd fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl y c eklthlucehõl sd ùdstrc fc Fã`hlc 9. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc sh sdócfc ecnc dfd`dltk nd `knk ekrrdetk (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetk (- õ lk) 39

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc k

k

]FKL - Y

Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud eklshndrcl ekrrdetcs fcs rdspudstcs ekrthlc, sdrphdltd, lhnk, sd`ãbkrk, tdldnkr y ekadtd. ]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 2 dfd`dltks sdócfcnks ekrrdetc`dltd = pultk7 pultk7 4 k `dlks dfd`dltks sdócfcnks ekrrdetc`dltd.

9.- Lhvdf dxprdshvk k

k

k

k

k

@ctdrhcf7 Eucndrlk nd dstàùfks > cóks. Fã`hlc 5 Hlstrueehklds7 sd fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl y c eklthlucehõl sd ùdstrc fc Fã`hlc 5 `hdltrcs sd sdócfcl fcs h`ãjdlds. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc sh sdócfc ecnc dfd`dltk nd `knk ekrrdetk (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetk (- õ lk) Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud eklshndrcl ekrrdetcs fcs rdspudstcs7 juhtcrrc,iktcs, pdrc, pudltd, rclc, gcufc y pfcleac. pfcleac. ]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 2 k `cs dfd`dltks lkìrcnks ekrrdetc`dltd ekrrdetc`dltd.. = pultk7 4 k `dlks dfd`dltks lkìrcnks ekrrdetc`dltd ekrrdetc`dltd..

HH.- HNDL^HBHECEHÕL HNDL^HBHECEHÕL ND EKFKYDU. Ud clcfhzc sh df lhók hndlthbhec fks > ekfkrds bulnc`dltcfds. k

@ctdrhcf7 Euctrk bheacs nd ekfkrds rkgk, vdrnd, c`crhffk y czuf.

k

k

k

Hlstrueehklds7 sd ekfkecl fcs bheacs nd ekfkrds skird fc `dsc. Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl. Ud ndidl `dzefcr fcs bheacs fudjk nd ecnc hltdltk. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc sh sdfdeehklc ecnc dfd`dltk nd `knk ekrrdetk (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetk (- õ lk) ]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 tk`c ekrrdetc`dltd fcs > bheacs. = pultk7 tk`c 5 õ `dlks bheacs ekrrdetc`dltd.

HHH.- YDFCEHKLDU DU]CEHCFDU Df kigdthvk nd dstc prudic ds vdr sh df lhók eklked fks ekledptks dspcehc dspcehcfds fds dleh`c, ndicgk, ndfcltd, cf fcnk y ndtrãs. k

k

@ctdrhcf7 Bheac y cuthtk. Hlstrueehklds7 Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl. 35

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc k

k

k

]FKL - Y

Clktcehõl7 sd clktc sh rdspklnd rdspklnd `knk ekrrdetk (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetk (- õ lk) lk) Ekrrdeehõl7 Ukl rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs cqudffcs dl fcs qud df cuthtk sd sht÷d dl ulc pkshehõl cekrnd cekrnd ekl fc hlstruee hlstrueehõl hõl pdrk budrc ndf cuthtk. Csà fc pkshehõl nd fc bheac skird fc pcrtd ndfcltdrc ndf cuthtk ds hlekrrdetc. ]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 tkncs fcs rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs. = pultks7 `dlks nd 4 rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs.

HR.- K]TDU^KU Ud dvcf÷c sh df lhók dxprdsc pcfcirc pcfcircss nd shjlhbhecnk ekltrcrhk c ktrcs ncncs. ncncs. k

k

Hlstrueehklds7 Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl y df dgd`pfk. Uh df lhók lk ek`prdlnd fc tcrdc c rdcfhzcr sd fd ndidrã dxpfhecr nd ludvk cpkyãlnksd dl df dgd`pfk. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc sh dxprdsc fk ekltrcrhk ekltrcrhk nd `cldrc ekrrdetc (+ õ sà) k hlekrrde hlekrrdetc tc (- õ lk)

Ekrrdeehõl7 c- jrclnd… pdqudók, eahquhtk… (Hlekrrdetcs7 ecidzunk, dlclk…) i- ecfhdltd… bràk, ekljdfcnk ekljdfcnk … (Hlekrrdetc7 uull eueurueak…) e- `cóclc… lkead, tcrnd … (Hlekrrdetc7 nàc, `cóclc…) n- ifclnc… nurc,,, (Hlekrrdetc7 (H lekrrdetc7 pcrc thrcr, jrclnd, rdnklnc…) k

k

]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 tkncs fcs rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs. = pultks7 `dlks nd > rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs.

R.- LDEDUHNCNDU IÃUHECU. EKLKEH@HDL^K UKEHCF Ud trctc nd vdr sh df lhók dxprdsc vdricf`dltd fc skfuehõl c > prkifd`cs pdrsklcfds sdlehffks. k Hlstrueehklds7 Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlk nd dstàùfks. k

Clktcehõl7 sd clktc sh rdspklnd nd `knk ekrrdetk (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetk (- õ lk)

Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud vcfkrcrãl ek`k ekrrdetcs cqudffcs rdspudstcs qud hlnhecl ulc skfuehõl cndeucnc c fcs ldedshncnds iãshecs pfcltdcncs, ds ndehr, qud rdsudfvd vdricf`dltd nheac ldedshncn. c.- sudók7 nkr`hr`d, hr`d c fc ec`c, (Hlekrrdetcs7 ffkrcr, ikstdzcr, brktcr`d fks kgks…) i.- acìrd7 ek`dr, fd nhjk c `h `cnrd qud `d shrvc fc ek`hnc, (Hlekrrdetcs7 qud tdljk sudók, pkldr`d dl fc shffc…) e.- sdn7 ididr cjuc, ididr fdead, (Hlekrrdetc7 ek`dr cjuc…)

n.- bràk7 ecsc…) tcpcr`d, ecfdltcr`d, `d pkljk fc eacqudtc, (Hlekrrdetcs7 `d `dtk dl ecsc, hr`d c

k

3>

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc k

]FKL - Y

]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 > rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs. = pultk7 `dlks `dlks nd > rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs.

TUK H.- DQ]YDUHÕL DU]KL^ÃLDC CL^D TLC FÃ@HLC. Ud prdtdlnd clcfhzcr df lhvdf bulehklcf b ulehklcf ndf fdljucgd uthfhzcnk pkr df lhók dl shtucehklds ùy acihtucfds. k

k

k

Clktcehõl7 sd vcfkrc df rdfctk rdcfhzcnk dl df cpcrtcnk Dxprdshõl vdricf dspkltãldc (Bkr`cf) y sd `crec df shjlk ekrrdspklnhdltd. Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud cprdehcl trds lhvdfds nd dxprdshõl7 >. Ndlk`hlcehõl7 euclnk sd fh`htc c lkìrcr dfd`dltks ndf nhiugk. 4. Ndserhpehõl7 sh dxprdsc rdfcehklds dltrd fks dfd`dltks ndf nhiugk k fks ecfhbhec ( df lhók ffkrc, nks lhóks ekfu`phãlnksd, ul pcpã jrclnd..) 2. Lcrrcehõl7 Uh aced rdbdrdlehc r dbdrdlehc c dfd`dltks lk prdsdltds, hltdrprdtc adeaks, rdfcehklc ulks ekl ktrks… (ul lhók ffkrc pkrqud sd ac ecànk ndf ekfu`phk, su pcpã fd cyuncrã…) ]ultucehõl7 9 pultks7 ndserhid k lcrrc. 3 pultk7 ndlk`hlc. = pultk7 lk ndlk`hlc.

]udstk qud fk `ãs brdeudltd ds qud df lhók sd dxprdsd dl `cs nd ul lhvdf, ÷lhec`dltd sd clktc df qud h`pfhqud `cykr ek`pfdghncn ek`pfdghncn dxprdshvc. Nd `kn `knkk qud sh ul lhók lcrrc sõfk sd rdjhstrc dstd lhvdf pkrqud dffk h`pfhec qud tcìhèl ds ecpcz nd ndlk`hlcr y ndserhihr. Hjucf`dltd sh ndserhid ac supdrcnk df lhvdf nd fc ndlk`hlcehõl. ndlk`hlcehõl.

HH.- YK@]DECIDWCU DQ]YDUHÕL DU]KL^ÃLDC NTYCL^D NTYCL^D TLC CE^HRHNCN @CLH]TFC^HRC7 @CLH]TFC^HRC7 Ud rdbhdrd cf dstunhk nd fcs eklnuetcs vdricfds ekùlhecthvcs ndf lhók cltd ulc shtucehõl acihtucf nd cethvhncn `clhpufcthvcs. k

Clktcehõl7 Ud clktc df shjlk qud ekrrdspklnd dl bulehõl nd fks erhtdrhks nd ekrrdeehõl.

k

Ekrrdeehõl 7 Ud ndidl vcfkrcr fcs shjuhdltds eklnuetcs7 eklnuetcs7

3.- Ukfhehtc hlbkr`cehõl k phnd cyunc7 sh ac prdjultcnk prdjultcnk k ac pdn pdnhnk hnk krhdltcehõl k cyunc dl cfj÷l `k`dltk nd fc prud prudic ic ( dstk, » qud ds;...»e ds;...»ek`k k`k fk acjk;...) 9.- ]dthehõl nd ctdlehõl7 Uh fcs rdspudstcs acl hnk dlec`hlcncs c qud sd fd dseueacrc, sd fd `hrcsd, sd fd ahehdsd ecsk k ac lkìrcnk fk qud aceàc ek`k bhlcf nd ulc tcrdc pcrc pdnhr fc ctdlehõl (@hrã… Xc dstã..) 5.- Cutkrrdjufcehõl7 Uh ac acifcnk c `dnhnc qud ac hnk acehdlnk shl prdtdlndr pdnhr ctdlehõl, cyunc k pfclhbhecehõl, pfclhbhecehõl, shlk sh`pfd`dltd sh`pfd`dltd ek`k eklbhr`cehõl eklbhr`cehõl nd su prkphc ceehõl (vky c vdr sh…. Dstc phdzc…) 34

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc k

]FKL - Y

]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 3 õ `cs rdspudstcs kisdrvcnc kisdrvcncs. s. = pultk7 lhljulc rdspudstc kisdrvcnc kisdrvcnc..

4 cóks BKY@C 3.- BKLKFKJHC Dl dstc prudic sd trctc nd dvcfucr dvcfucr sh df lhók prklulehc fks bkld`cs bkld`cs ekrrdspklnhdl ekrrdspklnhdltds tds c su dncn `dnhcltd fc h`htcehõl nhbdrhnc. k

k

@ctdrhcf7 eucndrlhffk nd dstàùfks, 4 cóks. Bklkfkjàc Hlstrueehklds 7 Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl lkìrclnk tkncs fcs h`ãjdlds nd ecnc bkld`c shl df crtàeufk. ]kr dg., dl dl df bkld bkld`c `c /rr/ sd nhràc7 ‖@hrc vky c `kstrcrtd nd rclc, r clc,cfjkrrk ekffcr. eklthlucehõl ùdstrcl h`ãjdlds shl lkìrcrfcsfcsy bktks prdjultclnk lhókyqud ds fk‖C qud vd (»Suè dssddstk;) Dstcsfcs hlstrueehklds sd vcl rdphthdlnk cf prhlehphk nd ecnc bkld` bkld`c. c. Dl df ecsk qud cpcrdzecl cpcrdzecl ùeaks drrkrds sd ndidrãl dxpfhecr fks àtd`s ekrrdspklnhdltds c fc dncn cltdrhkr acstc shtucr df lhvdf nd prklulehcehõll ekrrdetc ndf lhók. prklulehcehõ

k

k

k

Clktcehõl7 Ud clktcl fcs rdspudstcs drrõldcs ndf dxc`hlclnk ÷lhec`dltd rdspdetk cf bkld`c dvcfucnk, trclserhihdlnk fhtdrcf`dltd fc prknueehõl vdricf. Ekrrdeehõl 7 Ud eklshndrcl ekrrdetcs ekrrdetcs sõfk fcs prknueehkld prknueehkldss vdricfds qud ekhlehndl dxcetc`dltd dxcetc`dl td ekl df dsthùfk krcf prdsdltcnk prdsdltcnk.. Ud eklshndrc drrkr euclnk df lhók lhók lk rdprknued dxcetc`dltd dxcetc`dltd df dsthùfk, ihdl pkr k`hshõl k pkr susthtuehõl ndf bkld`c. ]ultucehõl7 3 pultk lhlj÷l drrkr dl fks bkld`cs b kld`cs nd su dncn. = pultk eucfquhdr drrkr dl fks bkld`cs nd su dncn.

9.- @KYBKFKJHC ― UHL^CQHU 3.- Ydpdthehõl nd brcsds Ekl dstc prudic sd prdtdlnd ek`prkicr sh df lhók ds ecpcz nd rdtdldr ulc dstrueturc `krbkshltãethec nd 8 k 39 dfd`dltks. k

Hlstrueehklds 7 Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl y df dgd`pfk. Uh df lhók lk rdphtd ekrrdetc`dltd df dgd`pfk, sd vudfvd c fddr fc hlstrueehõl. Euclnk sd acyc csdjurcnk qud ek`prdlnhõ fc tcrdc c rdcfhzcr, sd ek`hdlzc ek`hdlzc c fdd fddrr fcs brcsds nd dvcfucehõl.

32

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc k

k

k

]FKL - Y

Clktcehõl7 sd clktc df lrk nd dfd`dltks nd ecnc brcsd qud df lhók rdphtd culqud tdljcl ndbdetk nd bkr`c. Ukfk euclnk df lhók ek`dtc drrkrds dl fc prknueehõl sd trclserhid fhtdrcf`dltd fc rdspudstc. Ekrrdeehõl 7 Ud vcfkrc df lrk nd dfd`dltks qud df lhók ac rdpdthnk, yc sdcl ulhncnds ekl k shl shjlhbhecnk (sustclthvks, crtàeufks, rdpkshehklds, vdriks, dte) shd`prd qud pdrtdldzecl c fc brcsd qud sd fd ac pdnhnk qud rdphtc. Lk sd tdlnrãl dl eudltc fks dfd`dltks ludvks cócnhnks, fc dxcethtun bklèthec k df ecìhk nd krndl nd fks dfd`dltks. ]ultucehõl7 9 pultks7 1 k `cs dfd`dltks rdpdthnks nd ecnc brcsd. 3 pultk7 1 k `cs dfd`dltks rdpdthnks sõfk nd ulc brcsd. = pultk7 : k `dlks dfd`dltks rdpdthnks nd ecnc brcsd.

9.- Dxprdshõl vdricf dspkltãldc Ud prdtdlnd clcfhzcr fc bkr`c nd dxprdscrsd ndf lhók c pcrthr nd ul dsthùfk vhsucf. k

@ctdrhcf7 Eucndrlk nd dstàùfks 4 cóks 7 Fã`hlc 3

k

Hlstrueehklds7 Ud fdd prh`drk hlstrueehõl hlstrueehõl y c eklthluc eklthlucehõl ehõl sd ùdstrc fc fã`hlc 3.

k

Clktcehõl7 Ud clktc fc rdspudstc ndf lhók trclserhihdlnk fhtdrcf`dltd fc prknueehõl vdricf.

k

Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud vcfkrc df lrk nd brcsds prknuehncs pkr df lhók, eklshndrclnk qud dxhstd ulc brcsd euclnk dxhstd ul vdrik. Cnd`ãs sd clktc df pctrõl nd jdstks ndf lhók nurcltd fc ekùlhecehõl.

]ultucehõl7 9 pultks7 4 k ` `cs cs brcsds prknuehncs. 3 pultk7 5 õ > brcsds prknuehncs. = pultk7 9 k `dlks brcsds prknuehncs.

k

EKL^DLHNK H.- EC^DJKYHCU Dstc prudic dvcf÷c df rdeklkeh`hdltk nd ulc sdrhd nd dfd`dltks ek`k pdrtdldehdltds pdrtdldehdltds c ulc ectdjkràc ncn. Ud trctc nd vdr sh df lhók ds ecpcz nd cjrupcr fks nhiugks qud sd fd prdsdltcl icgk ulc ndtdr`hlcnc ectdjkràc7 cfh`dltks, rkpcs y gujudtds , y sh fks cjrupc ekrrdetc`dltd. k

k

k

@ctdrhcf7 Eucndrlk nd dstàùfks 4 cóks. Fã`hlc 9 Hlstrueehklds7 sd fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl `hdltrcs sd ùdstrc fc Fã`hlc 9. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc sh sdócfc ecnc dfd`dltk nd ecnc ectdjkràc nd `knk ekrrdetk (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetk (- õ lk)

3:

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc k

k

]FKL - Y

Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud eklshndrc qud df lhók eklked ulc ectdjkràc euclnk sdócfc ekrrdetc`dltd tknks fks dfd`dltks nd dffc. Uh ek`dtd cfj÷l drrkr k sdócfc dfd`dltks ekrrdetks gultk ekl hlekrrdetks sd eklshndrc qud lk eklked fc ectdjkràc. ]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 pultk7 tkncs fcs eectdjkràcs ctdjkràcs sdócfcncs ekrrdetc`dltd = pultk7 9 k `dlks eectdjkràcs ctdjkràcs sdóc sdócfcncs fcncs ekrrdetc`d ekrrdetc`dltd. ltd.

HH.- CEEHKLDU. Dstc prudic dvcf÷c sh df lhók ds ecpcz nd lkìrcr ceehklds sdlehffcs. k

@ctdrhcf7 Eucndrlk nd dstàùfks 4 cóks ― Fc`hlcs 5, > y 4.

k

k

Hlstrueehklds7 sd fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl `hdltrcs sd ùdstrcl fcs fã`hlcs ndf eucndrlk nd dstàùfks. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc sh sdócfc ecnc dfd`dltk nd `knk ekrrdetk (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetk (- õ lk)

r dspudstcss qud hlefuycl df vdrik dl Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud eklshndrcl ekrrdetcs tkncs fcs rdspudstc eucfquhdr thd`pk. Fã`hlc 57 rdekrtcr, rdekrtc, rdekrtclnk, ekrtcr nhiugk… (Hlekrrdetcs7 nhiugcr, acedr lhóks…) Fã`hlc >7 scftcr, scftc, scftclnk… (Hlekrrdetc7 gujcr…) Fã`hlc 47 phltcr, ekfkrdcr… (Hlekrrdetcs7 nhiugcr, acedr ecscs…) k

-

k

]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 tkncs fcs rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs. = pultk7 9 k `dlks rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs.

HHH.- ]CY^DU NDF ETDY]K Ud dvcf÷c sh df lhók hndlthbhec pcrtds pcrtds nd su eudrpk pkek usucfds. k

Hlstrueehklds7 Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl nd ecnc pcrtd ndf eudrpk.

k

Clktcehõl7 sd clktc sh rdspklnd rdspklnd nd `c `cldrc ldrc ekrrdetc (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetc (- õ lk)

k

Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud vcfkrc sh df lhók sdócfc ecnc pcrtd ekrrdetc`dltd.

k

]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 > k `cs pcrtds ndf eudrpk sdócfcncs ekrrdetc`dltd ekrrdetc`dltd.. = pultks7 5 k `dlks pcrtds ndf eudrpk sdócfcncs ekrrdetc`dltd. ekrrdetc`dltd.

HR.ÕYNDLDU UDLEHFFCU Ud dvcf÷c sh df lhók ek`prdlnd y dgde dgdeutc utc õrndlds sdlehffcs sdeudlehcncs sdeudlehcncs..

31

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc k

k

]FKL - Y

@ctdrhcf7 Cuthtk y phlturc. Hlstrueehklds7 Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl pklhdlnk pklhdlnk dspdehcf dspdehcf euhncnk dl dl qud tknk df `ctdrhcf `ctdrhcf dstè eklvdlhdltd`dltd prdpcrcnk y fc sdeudlehc sdc fc `crecnc. Fc hlstrueehõl LK sd rdphtd. ×lhec`dltd dl df ecsk qud df lhók prdjultd k lk eklthluè sd fd nhed7 Clnc… shjud…

k

sd clktc sh dxprdsc fk ekltrcrhk ekltrcrhk nd `cldrc ekrrdetc (+ õ sà) k hlekrrde hlekrrdetc tc (- õ Clktcehõl7 lk) c fcs krndlds y shjud fc sdeudlehc nd dgdeuehõl k

k

Ekrrdeehõl7 sd vcfkrc fc dgdeuehõl nd ecnc krndl y su sdeudlehc. ]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 rdcfhzc fcs 5 õrndlds y fc sdeudlehc ekrrdetc`dltd. ekrrdetc`dltd. = pultks7 fc sdeudlehc lk ds fc skfhehtcnc k rdphtd 9 k `dlks krndlds.

R.- NDBHLHEHÕL ]KY DF TUK Dvcf÷c sh df lhók eklked kigdtks y clh`cfds pkr su bulehõl. 3.- Lhvdf ek`prdlshvk k

k

k

k

k

@ctdrhcf7 Eucndrlk nd dstàùfks 4 cóks ― Fã`hlc 2 Hlstrueehklds7 Ud fd ùdstrc fc fã`hlc y sd fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc sh rdspklnd nd `knk ekrrdetk (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetk (- õ lk) Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud eklshndrcl vcfhncs fcs rdspudstcs7 pcrcjucs, phledf, eã`crc bktkjrãbhec, icfõl y sd`ãbkrk. sd`ãbkrk.

]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 sdócfc tknks fks dfd`dltks ekrrdetc`dltd. = pultk7 sdócfc 3 õ `cs dfd`dltks hlekrrdetc`dltd.

9.- Lhvdf dxprdshvk Dl dstc prudic sd fd phnd cf lhók qud dxprdsd fc bulehõl nd cfjulcs pcrtds ndf eudrpk. k

k

k

-

Hlstrueehklds7 Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc sh rdspklnd c ecnc dfd`dltk nd `knk ekrrdetk (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetk (- õ lk) Ekrrdeehõl7 Fks erhtdrhks pcrc vcfkrcr sh eklked k lk fc bulehõl b ulehõl nd fks nhsthltks õrjclks

kgksskl7 7 shrvdl pcrc vdr, `hrcr… (hlekrrdetcs7 cirhr y edrrcr, juhócrfks…) kànks7 shrvdl pcrc kàr, dseueacr … (hlekrrdetc7 fh`phcr…) 38

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc -

]FKL - Y

lcrhz7 shrvd pcrc rdsphrcr, kfdr… (hlekrrdetcs7 sklcr, fh`phcrsd fks `keks…) ikec7 shrvd pcrc acifcr, ek`dr, ididr…(hlekrrdetcs7 ididr…(hlekrrdetcs7 `krndr, `csthecr…) `clks7 tknc rdspudstc qud dspdehbhqud ulc ceehõl qud sd rdcfhed r dcfhed skfk ekl fcs `clks, ek`k sdr tk`cr, tkecr, cjcrrcr cfjk, cjcrrcr…… (hlekrrdetcs 7 fcs rdspudstcs qud cfundl c ceehklds ùy eklerdtcs k dxedshvc`dltd vcjcs, ek`k ecìhcr fcs rudncs, fcvcrsd, phltcr, cpfcunhr, trcicgcr, circzcr, ek`dr, sdócfcr ekscs…) k

]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 tkncs fcs rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs. = pultk7 > k `dlks rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs.

TUK H.- DQ]YDUHÕL DU]KL^ÃLDC CL^D TLC FÃ@HLC. Ud prdtdlnd clcfhzcr df lhvdf bulehklcf b ulehklcf ndf fdljucgd uthfhzcnk pkr df lhók dl shtucehklds ùy acihtucfds. k

k

k

Clktcehõl7 sd vcfkrc df rdfctk rdcfhzcnk dl df cpcrtcnk Dxprdshõl vdricf dspkltãldc (Bkr`cf) y sd `crec df shjlk ekrrdspklnhdltd. Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud cprdehcl trds lhvdfds nd dxprdshõl7 :. Ndlk`hlcehõl7 euclnk sd fh`htc c lkìrcr dfd`dltks ndf nhiugk. 1. Ndserhpehõl7 sh dxprdsc rdfcehklds dltrd fks dfd`dltks ndf nhiugk k fks ecfhbhec ( df lhók ffkrc, nks lhóks ekfu`phãlnksd, ul pcpã jrclnd..) 8. Lcrrcehõl7 Uh aced rdbdrdlehc r dbdrdlehc c dfd`dltks lk prdsdltds, hltdrprdtc adeaks, rdfcehklc ulks ekl ktrks… (ul lhók ffkrc pkrqud sd ac ecànk ndf ekfu`phk, su pcpã fd cyuncrã…) ]ultucehõl7 9 pultks7 lcrrc. 3 pultk7 ndserhid. = pultk7 ndlk`hlc.

]udstk qud fk `cykr `ãs brdeudltd ds quddxprdshvc. df lhók sdNd dxprdsd ndlhók ul lhvdf, sd clktc qud h`pfhqud ek`pfdghncn ek`pfdghncn `kn `knkk dl qud`cs sh ul lcrrc÷lhec`dltd sõfk sd rdjhstrc dstddf lhvdf pkrqud dffk h`pfhec qud tcìhèl ds ecpcz nd ndlk`hlcr y ndserhihr. Hjucf`dltd sh ndserhid ac supdrcnk df lhvdf nd fc ndlk`hlcehõl. ndlk`hlcehõl.

HH.- DQ]YDUHÕL DU]KL^ÃLDC NTYCL^D NTYCL^D TLC CE^HRHNCN @CLH]TFC^HRC7 @CLH]TFC^HRC7 YK@]DECIDWCU Ud rdbhdrd cf dstunhk nd fcs eklnuetcs vdricfds ekùlhecthvcs ndf lhók cltd ulc shtucehõl acihtucf nd cethvhncn `clhpufcthvcs. k

Clktcehõl7 Ud clktc df shjlk qud ekrrdspklnd dl bulehõl nd fks erhtdrhks nd ekrrdeehõl.

k

Ekrrdeehõl 7 Ud ndidl vcfkrcr fcs shjuhdltds eklnuetcs7 eklnuetcs7 3.- Ukfhehtc hlbkr`cehõl k phnd cyunc 7 sh ac prdjultcnk prdjultcnk k ac pdn pdnhnk hnk krhdltcehõl k cyunc dl cfj÷l `k`dltk nd fc prud prudic ic ( dstk, » qud ds;...»e ds;...»ek`k k`k fk acjk;...) 9=

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc

k

]FKL - Y

9.- ]dthehõl nd ctdlehõl7 Uh fcs rdspudstcs acl hnk dlec`hlcncs c qud sd fd dseueacrc, sd fd `hrcsd, sd fd ahehdsd ecsk k ac lkìrcnk fk qud aceàc ek`k bhlcf nd ulc tcrdc pcrc pdnhr fc ctdlehõl (@hrã… Xc dstã..) 5.- Cutkrrdjufcehõl7 Uh ac acifcnk c `dnhnc qud ac hnk acehdlnk shl prdtdlndr pdnhr ctdlehõl, cyunc k pfclhbhecehõl, pfclhbhecehõl, shlk sh`pfd`dltd sh`pfd`dltd ek`k eklbhr`cehõl eklbhr`cehõl nd su prkphc ceehõl (vky c vdr sh…. Dstc phdzc…)

]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 3 õ `cs rdspudstcs kisdrvcnc kisdrvcncs. s. = pultk7 lhljulc rdspudstc kisdrvcnc kisdrvcnc..

2 cóks BKY@C H.- BKLKFKJHC Dl dstc prudic sd trctc nd dvcfucr dvcfucr sh df lhók prklulehc fks bkld`cs bkld`cs ekrrdspklnhdl ekrrdspklnhdltds tds c su dncn `dnhcltd fc h`htcehõl nhbdrhnc. k

k

k

k

k

@ctdrhcf7 eucndrlhffk nd dstàùfks, 2 cóks. Bklkfkjàc Hlstrueehklds 7 Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl lkìrclnk tkncs fcs h`ãjdlds nd ecnc bkld`c shl df crtàeufk. ]kr dg., dl df bkld`c bkld`c /str/ sd nhràc7 ‖@hrc vky c `kstrcrtd fc bktk nd dstrdffc. ‖C eklthlucehõl sd ùdstrcl fcs h`ãjdlds shl lkìrcrfcs y prdjultclnk cf cf lhók qud ds fk qud vd (»Suè ddss dstk;) Dstcs hl hlstrueehklds strueehklds sd vcl rdphthdlnk cf prhlehphk nd ecnc ecnc bkld`c. Dl ddff ecsk qud cp cpcrdzecl crdzecl ùea ùeaks ks drrkrds sd ndidrãl ndidrãl dxpfhecr dxpfhecr fks àtd`s ekrrdspklnhdltds c fc dncn cltdrhkr acstc shtucr df lhvdf nd prklulehcehõl prklulehcehõl ekrrdetc ndf lhók. Clktcehõl7 Ud clktcl fcs rdspudstcs drrõldcs ndf dxc`hlclnk ÷lhec`dltd rdspdetk cf bkld`c dvcfucnk, trclserhihdlnk fhtdrcf`dltd fc prknueehõl vdricf. Ekrrdeehõl 7 Ud eklshndrcl ekrrdetcs ekrrdetcs sõfk fcs prknueehkld prknueehkldss vdricfds qud ekhlehndl dxcetc`dltd dxcetc`dl td ekl df dsthùfk krcf prdsdltcnk prdsdltcnk.. Ud eklshndrc drrkr euclnk df lhók lhók lk rdprknued dxcetc`dltd dxcetc`dltd df dsthùfk, ihdl pkr k`hshõl k pkr susthtuehõl ndf bkld`c. ]ultucehõl7 3 pultk lhlj÷l drrkr dl fks bkld`cs b kld`cs nd su dncn. = pultk eucfquhdr drrkr dl fks bkld`cs nd su dncn.

HH.- @KYBKFKJHC

93

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc

]FKL - Y

3.- ]rklkìrd ‖fc suyc‐ Ekl dstc prudic sd dvcf÷c dvcf÷c sh usc krcf`dltd df prklkì prklkìrd rd pksdshvk ‖fc suyc‐.

k

@ctdrhcf7 eucndrlhffk nd dstàùfks, 2 cóks. Fã`hlc 3

k

Hlstrueehklds 7 Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl y sd cek`pcóc ekl fks

k

jdstks qud sd hlnhecl. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc sh rdspklnd nd `knk ekrrdetk (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetk (- õ lk)

k

Ekrrdeehõl 7 Ud vcfkrc ÷lhec`dltd fc uthfhzcehõl ndf prklkìrd ‖ suyc‐.

k

]ultucehõl7 =,94 pultks7 rdspklnd ekrrdetc`dltd cf dfd`dltk. = pultk7 rdspklnd hlekrrdetc`dltd cf dfd`dltk.

9.- ]rklkìrd ‖eklthjk‐ Ekl dstc prudic sd dvcf÷c dvcf÷c sh df lhók usc krcf`dltd df prklkìrd prklkìrd pdrsklcf ‖eklthjk‐. k

@ctdrhcf7 Eucndrlk nd dstàùfks 2 cóks 7 Fã`hlc 9

k

Hlstrueehklds7 Ud fdd fc hlstrueehõl hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd cclktcehõl. lktcehõl.

k

Clktcehõl7 Ud clktc sh rdspklnd nd `knk ekrrdetk (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetk (- õ lk) .

k

Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud vcfkrc ÷lhec`dltd fc uthfhzcehõl ndf prklkìrd ‖ eklthjk‐.

k

]ultucehõl7 =,94 pultks7 rdspklnd ekrrdetc`dltd cf dfd`dltk. = pultk7 rdspklnd hlekrrdetc`dltd cf dfd`dltk.

HHH.- UHL^CQHU Ud dxpfkrc fc prknueehõl krcf nd krcehklds suikrnhlcncs td`pk td`pkrcfds, rcfds, ecuscfds, nd rdfcthvk y eklnhehklcfds. k

Hlstrueehklds7 Dl ecnc krcehõl sd fdd fc hlstrueehõl hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl. clktcehõl.

k

Clktcehõl7 Ud clktc sh rdspklnd nd `knk ekrrdetk (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetk (- õ lk).

k

k

Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud eklshndrcl ekrrdetcs cqudffcs rdspudstcs dl fcs qud df lhók d`pfdc df ldxk cndeucnk,, cul euclnk df ekltdlhnk nd fc brcsd lk sdc ekrrdetk (pkr dg, ‖]dnrk sd ecyõ pkrqud cndeucnk hic ndsphstcnk‐ ndsphstcnk‐.. ]ultucehõl7 3 pultk 7 rdspklnd ekrrdetc`dltd c tknks fks dfd`dltks. =,:4 dfd`dltks. =,4= pultks7 pultks7 rdspklnd rdspklnd ekrrdetc`dltd ekrrdetc`dltd cc 95 dfd`dltks. =,94 pultks7 rdspklnd ekrrdetc`dltd c 3 dfd`dltk. 99

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc

=

]FKL - Y

pultk 7 rdspklnd hlekrrdetc`dltd c fks > dfd`dltks.

EKL^DLHNK H.- ^DYEHK DQEFTUK Ud dvcf÷c fc bkr`cehõl nd ectdjkràcs `dnhcltd df rdeklkeh`hdltk nd ugl kigdtk qud lk pdrtdlded cf eklgultk dl dl df qud sd acyc hlefuhn hlefuhnk. k. k

k

k

k

k

@ctdrhcf7 Eucndrlk nd dstàùfks 2 có cóks. ks. Fã`hlcs 5, > y 4 Hlstrueehklds7 sd fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl y sd ùdstrc ecnc fã`hlc. Ud rdphtd fc hlstrueehõl pcrc ecnc fã`hlc. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc sh rdspklnd c ecnc fc`hlc nd `knk ekrrdetk (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetk (õ lk) Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud vcfkrc sh sdócfc df kigdtk eklerdtk qud lk pdrtdlded c fc ectdjkràc. ]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 tkncs fcs rdspudstcs eekrrdetc`dltd krrdetc`dltd = pultk7 9 k `dl `dlks ks rdspudstc rdspudstcss ekrrdetcs.

HH.- EKL^YCYHKU. Ud dvcf÷c sh df lhók prknued ekrrdetc`dltd fks tèr`hlks ekltrcrhks c ulcs pcfcircs ncncs. k

k

Hlstrueehklds7 Ud fdd df dgd`pfk. Uh df lhók lk rdspklnd sd fd cyunc c ncr fc rdspudstc r dspudstc ekrrdetc y sd dxpfhec nd ludvk fc tcrdc. Lk sd ndid ek`dlzcr c fddr fcs brcsds ndf dgdrehehk acstc qud df lhók acyc ek`prdlnhnk fc tcrdc. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc fc prknueehõl vdricf vdricf y sh rdspklnd nd `knk ek ekrrdetk rrdetk (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetk (- õ lk)

Ekrrdeehõl7 c- rãphnk… fdltk, … (Hlekrrdetcs7 ndspcehk, lk ds fdltk…) i- nurc… ifclnc … (Hlek (Hlekrrdetcs7 rrdetcs7 sucvd, pc pcrc rc icócrsd…) e- jkrnk… ndfjcnk, ndfjcnk, bfce bfcek, k, bhlk … (Hlekrrdetc (Hlekrrdetcs7 s7 pdqudó pdqudók, k, pcrc fc skpc…) skpc…) k

k

]ultucehõl7 3,4 pultks7 tkncs fcs rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs. 3 pultk 7 9 rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs. = pultk 7 3 k lhljulc rdspudstc ekrrdetcs.

HHH.- EC^DJKYÀCU Ud vcfkrc fc prknueehõl nd dfd`dltks qud pdrtdldedl c cfjulc nd fcs ectdjkràcs qud df lhók dstc cnquhrhdlnk. k Hlstrueehklds7 Ud fdd df dgd`pfk. Uh df lhók lk rdspklnd sd fd cyunc c ek`prdlndr ek`prdlndr fcs rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs. 95

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc k

k

]FKL - Y

Clktcehõl7 sd trclserhid fhtdrcf`dltd fc prknueehõl vdricf y sd vcfkrc sh fc rdspudstc ds ekrrdetc (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetc (- õ lk) Ekrrdeehõl7 Df lhók eklked ulc ectdjkràc euclnk lkìrc nks dfd`dltks nd fc `hs`c. Uh `clthdld ul dfd`dltk ekrrdetk k hlefuyd hlekrrdetks sd vcfkrc ldjcthvc`dltd.

k

]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 9 õ 5 ectdjkràcs eklkehncs. = pultks7 3 õ lhljulc ectdjkràcs eklkehncs.

HR.- NDBHLHEHÕL ND ]CFCIYCU Ud dvcf÷c sh df lhók ds ecpcz nd ndbhlhr pcfcircs (sustclthvks, vdriks, cngdthvks). cngdthvks). k

k

k

-

-

-

Hlstrueehklds7 Ud fdd df dlulehcnk nd ecnc dfd`dltk Clktcehõl7 sd trclserhid fhtdrcf`dltd fc prknueehõl vdricf y sd vcfkrc sh fc rdspudstc ds ekrrdetc (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetc (- õ lk) Ekrrdeehõl7

UTU^CL^HRKU 7

sd eklshndrcl ekrrdetcs fcs rdspudstcs qud hlefuydl fc ectdjkràc ekrrdspklnhdltd ekrrdspklnhd ltd c fc pcfcirc c ndbhlhr k fcs ndbhlhehklds qud acjcl rdbdrdlehc c su bulehõl. @crthffk7 adrrc`hdltc, adrrc`hdltc qud efcvc efcvks, adrrc`hdltc qud shrvd pcrc trcicgcr…. (Hlekrrdetcs7 pcrc `crthffcr fks tkrlhffks, ek`k ul pcfk ekl ul ahdrrk, pcrc trcicgcr, pcrc pdjcr jkfpds…) Iubclnc7 rkpc, rkpc qud shrvd pcrc cirhjcr y sd pkld dl df eudffk, pcrc qud lk tdljcs bràk dl df eudffk, pcrc cirhjcrsd… (Hlekrrdetcs7 ulc thrc nd fclc, pcrc pklèrtdfc dl df eudffk, pcrc qud lk tdljcs bràk, pcrc tcpcrtd…) RDYIKU 7 sd eklshndrcl ekrrdetcs fcs rdspudstcs dl qud sd uthfhedl shlõlh`ks k qud ndserhicl ulc ceehõl. Ekehlcr7 cscr, ekedr, brdàr, acedr ek`hnc… (Hlekrrdetcs7 ulc ek`hnc, qud pudnds acedr erkqudtcs, fk ekehlc df pcpc y fk ek`ds, acedr eakrhzk…)

ekltdstcr, ffc`cr, nhseuthr, ndehr ekscs, pcfcircs,acehdlnk qud fd nheds c Acifcr7ulc cfjuhdl eksc(Hlekrrdetcs7 acifcrprdjultcr, ekl c`hjks, fc vkz, fk ndehr qud dstc`ks tu y yk cakrc, fc ikec…) ekrrdetcs tcs fcs rdspudstcs dl qud sd uthfhedl shlõlh`ks y sh fc - CNGD^HRKU 7 sd eklshndrcl ekrrde pcfcirc ‖idffk‐ ‖idffk‐ fc ndbhld ek`k ssustclthvk ustclthvk (vdffk) rdbhrhèlnksd rdbhrhèlnksd cf pdfk ekrpkrcf. ekrpkrcf. - Idffk7 jucpk, iklhtk, dfdjcltd. Tlc eksc iklhtc, pdfks ndf eudrpk qud lk skl fks nd fc ecidzc…. (Hlekrrdetcs7 qud lk thdld crrujcs…) ekltdltk…(Hlekrrdetcs7 qud td nky ul idsk, , qud `d rhk, - Cfdjrd7 ekltdltk, bdfhz, qud dstcs ekltdltk…(Hlekrrdetcs7 qud `d cfdjrk nd vdrtd, qud td ncl ul rdjcfk…) -

k

]ultucehõl7 9 pultks7 4 õ 2 rdpudstcs ekrrdetcs. 3 pultk 7 nd 9 c > rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs. = pultk 7 3 k lhljulc rdspudstc ekrrdetc.

9>

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc

]FKL - Y

TUK H.- CIUTYNKU ND EKL^DLHNK X BKY@C. Ud dxpfkrc fc ecpcehncn ndf lhók pcrc rdbfdxhklcr skird fc uthfhzcehõl ekrrdetc ndf fdljucgd dl eucltk c bkr`c y ekltdlhnk. k

k

k

Hlstrueehklds7 sd fddl fks 9 dgd`pfks. Uh df lhók lk rdspklnd sd fd dxpfhec fc tcrdc cpkyãlnksd dl fks dgd`pfks y sd fd cyunc c ncr fcs rdspudstcs r dspudstcs ekrrdetc ekrrdetcs. s. Lk sd ndid ek`dlzcr c fddr fcs brcsds ndf dgdrehehk acstc qud df lhók acyc ek`prdlnhnk fc tcrdc. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc fhtdrcf`dltd fc prknueehõl vdricf y sd `crec df shjlk ekrrdspklnhdltd. Ekrrdeehõl7 Fcs brcsds ekl cisurnks nd ekltdlhnk skl cqudffcs dl fcs qud dxhstdl hlekljrudlehcs hlekljrudle hcs dltrd df shjlhbhecnk nd ulks y ktrks dfd`dltks nd fc brcsd. Csà, dl fks nks prh`drks dfd`dltks dfd`dltks sd eklshndrc qud acy ulc rd rdspudstc spudstc ekrrdetc ekrrdetc euclnk df lhók lhók ecptc df cisurnk qud eklffdvc dsc brcsd. ]kr dg dl fc brcsd ‖Rky cf brhjkràbhek y tk`k fks zcpctks ‐, sd ncrã pkr vcfhnc eucfquhdr rdspudstc qud hlnhqud fc hlcndeuce hlcndeucehõl hõl dltrd brhjkràbhek y zcpctks, yc sdc pkrqud fks zcpctks lk sd jucrncl dl df brhjkràbhek k pkrqud ndf brhjkràbhek lk sd pudndl tk`cr fks zcpctks.

Fcs brcsds dl fcs qud dxhstd cfjulc drrkr dl fc eklekrnclehc, eklekrnclehc, ihdl dltrd vdriks y ktrks dfd`dltks, ihdl dltrd fks crtàeufks, fks prklkìrds, dte y fks nd`ãs dfd`dltks nd fc brcsd, skl dl dlulehcnks ulehcnks ekl ccisurnks isurnks nd bkr`c bkr`c.. Dl fks nk nkss ÷fth`k ÷fth`kss dfd`dltks dfd`dltks sd trctc qud df lhók nhserh`hld dsc hlekljrudlehc dl fc bkr`c dxhstdltd dl cfjulk nd fks dfd`dltks nd fc brcsd. ]kr dg cltd fc brcsd ‖]dnrk tk`k fc pdfktc qud drcl rdnklncs‐ sd tdlnrã qud acedr eklstcr eklstcr pkr sh`pfd ekrrdeehõl nd fc bkr`c (‖dstc `cf, sd nhed drc rdnklnc‐ k ihdl ‖fcs pdfktcs‐) qud fc eklekrnclehc eklekrnclehc dltrd df vdrik y df sugdtk ds hlcndeucnc. k

]ultucehõl7 9 pultks7 pultks7 > rdspud rdspudstcs stcs ekrrde ekrrdetcs tcs 3 pultk7 pultk7 fcs 9 prh`drcs k fc fcss 9 ÷fth`cs rdspudstcs rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs. = pultk7 pultk7 9 dl ktrk krnd krndl, l, 3 k lhl lhljulc julc rdspudstc ekrrdetc.

HH.- EK@]YDLUHKL ND TLC @D^CBKYC Ud dvcf÷c sh df lhók ek`prdlnd d hltdrprdtc ekrrdetc`dltd df shjlhbhecnk nd ulc `dtãbkrc sdlehffc.

k

Hlstrueehklds7 sd fdd fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl

k

Clktcehõl7 sd clktc sh rdspklnd nd `knk ekrrdetk (+ õ sà) k hlekrrdetk (- õ lk)

k

k

Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud pultucrã fc rdspudstc qud vcfkrc df sdlthnk nd fc `dtãbkrc7 ‖Uusclc drc ruihc‐ . ]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 pultk7 rdspudstc ekrrdetc = pultk7 pultk7 rdspudstc hlekrrdetc. 94

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc

]FKL - Y

HHH.- KYNDLCY X YDFC^CY Ud trctc nd vdr fc ecpcehncn nd f lhók nd krndlcr ulc ahstkrhdtc nd 5 sdeudlehcs sdeudlehcs y fc lcrrc ekrrdetc`dltd supdrclnk fc `drc yuxtcpkshehõl nd dxpfhecehkld dxpfhecehklds. s. k

k

k

k

k

@ctdrhcf7 Ukird ekl vhódtcs Hlstrueehklds7 sd fdd fc hlstrueehõl y sd prdsdltcl fcs vhódtcs, nd hzquhdrnc c ndrdeac, dl krndl C ― F ―U (dstcs fdtrcs cpcrdedl dltrd pcrèltdshs dl df rdvdrsk nd fc akgc) Clktcehõl7 sd clktc fc rdspudstc trclserhihdlnk fhtdrcf`dltd fc prknueehõl vdricf. Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud vcfkrc df krndlc`hdltk ekrrdetk nd fcs vhódtcs, csà ek`k df d`pfdk nd ldxks cndeucnks cndeucnks dl fc lcrrcehõl nd fc ahstkrhdtc. Df krndl ds ekrrdetk sh cf eklgujcr fcs trds vhódtcs sd fddl fcs shjfcs U-C-F dl df rdvdrsk. ]kr dg ulc rdspudstc ekrrdetc sdràc7 ‖ulks lhóks vcl c pdsecr, ndspuès tk`cl pdeds y fudjk fks cscl.‐ ]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 krndl y lcrrcehõl eekrrdetks. krrdetks. = pultk7 krndl k lcrrcehõl eekrrdetks. krrdetks.

HR.- EK@]YDLUHKL X CNC]^CEHKL Ud dvcf÷c sh df lhók ds ecpcz nd rdskfvdr ekrrdetc`dltd nks shtucehklds qud pudndl ncrsd dl su vhnc ekthnhclc. k

k

Hlstrueehklds7 sd fddl fcs nks shtucehklds c rdskfvdr. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc fc rdspudstc trclserhihdlnk fhtdrcf`dltd fc prknueehõl vdricf y sd vcfkrc sh ds ekrrdetc (+ õ sà) k hl hlekrrdetc ekrrdetc (- õ lk)

Ekrrdeehõl7 crnd c fc dseudfc ; Eucfquhdr ceehõl qud 3.- »Suè ndids acedr sh td ncs eudltc qud vcs c ffdjcr ttcrnd h`pfhqud jclcr thd`pk pcrc ffdjcr cltds7 ncr`d prhsc, ndscyulcr rãphnk… (Hlekrrdetcs7 hr prkltk, hr`d c ecsc, ecsc, ndehrfd cf prkbd prkbdskr…) skr…) 9.- »Suè ndids acedr sh thdlds qud eruzcr fc ecrrdtdrc; …dspdrcr c qu qudd lk pcsdl cutks, cutks, `hrcr c fks fcnks, `hrcr cf sd`ãbkrk y pcscr euclnk dstd dl vdrnd… (Hlekrrdetcs7 rdspudstcs bcltãsthecs qud lk tdljcl dl eudltc df prkifd`c pfcltdcnk k cqudffcs qud h`pfhqudl pcshvhncn7 ffkrcr, eruzcr`d nd irczks, qudncr`d pcrcnk, eruzcr ekrrhdlnk, dspdrcr c qud `d nhjcl cfjk…) k

]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 fcs 9 rdspudstcs ekrrdetcs. =,4 pultk7 3 rdspudstc ekrrdetc. = pultk7 lhljulc rdspudstc ekrrdetc.

R.- ]FCLHBHECEHK ]FCLHBHECEHKL L Ud dvcf÷c fc ecpcehncn df lhók pcrc pfclhbhecr vdricf`dltd ul gudjk eklkehnk. 92

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc k

k

]FKL - Y

Hlstrueehklds7 sd fddl fc hlstrueehõl ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl. Clktcehõl7 sd clktc fc rdspudstc trclserhihdlnk fhtdrcf`dltd fc prknueehõl vdricf y sd vcfkrc sh ds ekrrdetc (+ õ sà) k hl hlekrrdetc ekrrdetc (- õ lk)

Ekrrdeehõl7 Ud vcfkrc df l÷`drk nd sdeudlehcs sdeudlehcs qud df lhók dxprdsc dl su rdfctk, shd`prd qud dstèl krndlcncs nd ceudrnk c ek`k sd suedndl fõjhec`dltd dl df gudjk y fc skfuehõl ndf `hs`k. Ud dl eklshndrc sdeudlehc euclnk acy shl ldxk, pdrk ihdl krndlcncs df thd`pk, csà ek`k df rdstk ndnks nksceehklds, ceehklds ekl qud ksuedndl shùftãldc`dltd. - Udeudlehc y skfuehõl7 ‖Tlk fc pcrc y eudltc. Fks nd`ãs sd dseklndl y thdldl qud iusecrfks. Df Df prh`drk qud dleu dleudltrc dltrc fc pcrc‐ - Udeudlehc k skfuehõl7 ‖Tlk eudltc y fks nd`ãs sd dseklndl‐, ‖`hdltrcs ulk eudltc fks ktrks sd dseklndl‐… - Lh sdeudlehc lh skfuehõl7 ‖Dseklndr‐, ‖sd dseklndl‐… k

]ultucehõl7 3 pultk7 prknued ulc sdeudlehc y ulc skfuehõl. =,4 pultk7 prknued ulc sd sdeudlehc eudlehc k ulc skfuehõl = pultk7 lk prknued lh sdeudlehc lh skfuehõl.

5.5 - Clktcehõl nd fcs rdspudstcs Dl fc prh`drc akgc ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl sd ndidrãl clktcr fks nctks pdrsklcfds ndf dxc`hlclnk. C eklthlucehõl dxhstdl nks akgcs qud thdldl ek`k bhlcfhncn tdldr c fc vhstc fks prhlehpcfds rdsuftcnks y qud ndidrãl sdr rdffdlcncs ulc vdz ekrrdjhncs fc prudic. Dl dstcs akgcs sd rdekjdl pkr ul fcnk, fcs pultucehklds nhrdetcs y sus ekrrdspklnhdltds ekrrdspklnhdltds pultucehkldss trclsbkr`cncs dl ecnc ulk nd fks cpcrtcnks nndd qud eklstc fc ]FKL - Y , y pkr pultucehkld pkr ktrk, c fc hzquhdrnc, df pdrbhf ndf fdljucgd krcf ndf dxc`hlclnk c pcrthr nd su rdlnh`hdltk dl fc prudic. Dl df ekltdxtktd cpfhecehõl sd ndidrãl hr clktclnk bhdf`dltd fcs rdspudstcs ndf sugdtk, tcf y ek`k sd hlnhec dl fcs pcjhlcs suedshvcs ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl ndsthlcncs c ecnc ulc nd fcs prudics.

9:

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc

]FKL - Y

LKY@CU ND HL^DY]YD^CEHKL HL^DY]YD^CEHKL

Fc ùdstrc nd thphbhecehõl nd fc ]FKL-Y ]FKL-Y ac pdr`hthnk eklbdee eklbdeehklcr hklcr fks icrd`ks nd ecnc ulk nd fks lhvdfds (5, >, 4 y 2 cóks), csà ek`k nd sus nhbdrdltds cpcrtcnks (Bkr`c, Ekltd Ekltdlhnk lhnk y Tsk). Dl dstd prkedsk sd acl ecfeufcnk fcs pultucehklds tàphecs lkr`cfhzcncs U (@dnhc0 4=? Nt0 9=) nd ecnc pultucehõl nhrdetc y sd acl acffcnk fks nhbdrdltds pultks nd ekrtd qud ndfh`htcl fcs ectdjkràcs nd ‖rdtrcsk‐, ‖ldedshtc `dgkrcr‐ y ‖lkr`cf‐. Fks erhtdrhks qud sd acl sdjuhnk pcrc fc ndtdr`hlcehõl nd fks pultks nd ekrtd acl shnk fks shjuhdltds7

Lkr`cf7 pultucehõl `dnhc k pkr dleh`c nd fc `dnhc Ldedshtc `dgkrcr7 pultucehõl dltrd fc `dnhc y 3 ndsvhcehõl tàphec (Nt) pkr ndicgk nd fc `dnhc. Ydtrcsk7 pultucehõl hlbdrhkr c ulc ndsvhcehõl tàphec (Nt) pkr ndicgk nd fc `dnhc.

Dl fcs tcifcs 4.3 c 4.> sd prdsdltcl fks icrd`ks ekrrdspklnhdltds c fcs dncnds nd 5 c 2 cóks. Fc fdeturc nd dstcs tcifcs ds ùy sdlehffc7 c fc hzquhdrnc cpcrdedl fcs pultucehklds pultucehklds nhrdetcs (]N) dl ecnc ulk nd fks cpcrtcnks y dl df tktcf. C fc ndrdeac cpcrdedl fcs pultucehklds tàphecs lkr`cfhzcncs U (]^) qud sd ekrrdspkln ekrrdspklndl dl ekl ecnc pultuc pultucehõl ehõl nhrdetc y c eklthlucehõ eklthlucehõll df lhvdf nd ndscrrkffk ndf fdljucgd krcf ndf dxc`hlclnk dxc`hlclnk (‖lkr`cf‐, ‖lde ‖ldedshtc dshtc `dgkrcr‐ k ‖rdtrcsk‐) Ekl fks nctks kitdlhnks c pcrthr nd fcs tcifcs sd pudnd ek`pfdtcr df rdsu`dl nd pultucehklds ndf eucndrlhffk nd clktcehõl.

91

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc

]FKL - Y

^cifc 4.3 ― Icrd`ks 5 cóks (L0932) Ndscrrkffk ndf Fdljucgd ]N

]^

= 3 9

8 3: 92

5

51

LDEDUH^C @DGKYCY

>

45

4

:9

LKY@CF

BKY@C YD^YCUK

EKL^DLHNK

=-3 9 5

3 3> 94

> 4 2

51

LDEDUH^C @DGKYCY

45 :9

LKY@CF

= 3 9

35 91

YD^YCUK

>2

LDEDUH^C @DGKYCY

5

28

LKY@CF

YD^YCUK

TUK

^K^CF =-3 9-5 >-4 2 :

3 2 35 9= 9>

1

98

YD^YCUK

98

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc 8 3=

52 >>

33 39 35 3>

49 23 :9 1:

]FKL - Y

LDEDUH^C @DGKYCY

LKY@CF

^cifc 4.9 ― Icrd`ks > cóks (L093=) Ndscrrkffk ndf Fdljucgd ]N

]^

= 3 9

5 35 94

5 >

52

LDEDUH^C @DGKYCY

4=

4

:=

LKY@CF

BKY@C YD^YCUK

EKL^DLHNK =-3 9 5

: 32 99

> 4

55 >:

LDEDUH^C @DGKYCY

2

2:

LKY@CF

YD^YCUK

TUK

= 3 9

39 91

YD^YCUK

58

LDEDUH^C @DGKYCY

5

48

LKY@CF

^K^CF

=-> 4 2 : 1-8

3 8 34 9= 9:

3=

58 58

33

>4

LDEDUH^C @DGKYCY

39 35

4> 24

LKY@CF

YD^YCUK

5=

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc 3>

]FKL - Y

1=

^cifc 4.5 ― Icrd`ks 4 cóks (L09>>) Ndscrrkffk ndf Fdljucgd

]N

]^

= 3 9

3 1 99

5 >

55 >2

LDEDUH^C @DGKYCY

4

24

LKY@CF

BKY@C

YD^YCUK

EKL^DLHNK = 3 9 5

3 > 3> 94

>

51

LDEDUH^C @DGKYCY

4 2

45 :5

LKY@CF

YD^YCUK

TUK = 3 9

3 95

YD^YCUK

>2

LDEDUH^C @DGKYCY

5

28

LKY@CF

^K^CF =-> 4-2 : 1

3 2 3: 94

8 3=

55 58

LDEDUH^C @DGKYCY

33 39

>1 2=

LKY@CF

YD^YCUK

53

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc 35 3>

]FKL - Y

:9 11

^cifc 4.> ― Icrd`ks 2 cóks (L0342) Ndscrrkffk ]N ==,4 =,:4 3 3,94 3,4 3,:4 9 9,94

9,4

]^ 3 3= 3: 95 98

ndf

BKY@C

YD^YCUK

59 5: >:

LDEDUH^C @DGKYCY

24

LKY@CF

EKL^DLHNK =-3 3,4 9

: 3> 95

YD^YCUK

9,4 5 5,4 >

53 58

LDEDUH^C @DGKYCY

>2

>,4 4 4,4

29 :4 1>

LKY@CF

3 : 35 3: 92

> >,4

54 >5

4 4,4 2

49 23 :4

]^

=,44 2 2,94 2,4 - 2,:4 : :,94 :,4 :,:4 1 1,94 - 1,4

3 : 33 32 9= 93 95 94 9: 98

1,:4 - 8 8,94 8,4

5> 52 51

8,:4 3= 3=,94 3=,4 3=,:4

>= >9 >4 >:

33

43

33,94 33,4 33,:4 39 39,94

4> 42 41 2= 2>

LKY@CF

39,4 39,:4

21 :9

35 - 35,94 35,4 35,:4 3>

:: 19 14 85

^K^CF

YD^YCUK LDEDUH^C @DGKYCY

TUK =3,4 9 9,4 5 5,4

Fdljucgd ]N

YD^YCUK

LDEDUH^C @DGKYCY

LKY@CF

59

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc

]FKL - Y

]FKL ― Y (]YTDIC ND FDLJTCGD KYCF ND LCRCYYC) Lkìrd7 ……………………………………………………………………………. Dsekfcrhncn7 ………………………………………………………………………… Dncn (dl cóks y `dsds) 7 …………………………………………………………… Bdeac nd rdcfhzcehõl7 ……………………………………………………………….

Kisdrvcehklds7 prktkekfk nd >-4-2 cóks

………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… YDUTF^CNKU7 ]ultucehklds nhrdetcs (]ultucehklds tàphecs) 

Bkr`c - bklkfkjàc ………………………………………………………………………. - shltcxhs7 - rdpdthehõl nd brcsds……………………………………………….

- dxprdshõl dspkltãldc dspkltãldc……………………………………………… ………………………………………………



^K^CF …………………….(

).

Ekltdlhnk - Ectdjkràcs ………………………………………………………………….

- Ceehklds ……………………………………………………………………..

- ]crtds ndf eudrpk ………..……………………………………………………

- Krndlds sdlehffcs ………………………………………………………….…. - Ndbhlhehklds pkr df usk - ek`prdlshõl ……………………………………..

- dxprdshõl……………………………………….. dxprdshõl………………………………………....





^K^CF …………………….(

Tsk

).

- Dxprdshõl dspkltãldc cltd ulc fc`hlc ………………………………………. - Dxprdshõl dspkltãldc ekl rk`pdecidz rk`pdecidzcs...…………………………………. cs...…………………………………. ^K^CF …………………….(

^K^CF nd fc ]rudic …………………………………………………………………(

).

),

55

@clucf ]rudic nd Fdljucgd Krcf nd Lcvcrrc

]FKL - Y

]DYBHF7 Bkr`c Ekltdlhnk

Tsk

^K^CF

Lkr`cf Icgk Ydtrcsk

Kisdrvcehklds7 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5>

Manual PLON - R

Short Description

Description

Comments

We need your help!