Manual Petrel
Short Description
AFAFAFAS...
Description
(1)
L (tr
¿ I
o
nE= .= .N .9
H ts =
¡rF-U
CN F
V,rH
-, trLl,!e ¡r -
L¡ -
C' rrCJ g) r
F
c) v, ==r
--
(¡)o)= -¡rI
o-cn(tr
o
CN
o- o ñt oÜ ? l¡¡ FL
Eg¡,
tlr tg¡,
I
I
o
(t, rts L H F(tr (l) I
o- o-
I
ln
ar lr r
rrr I-
C§ g? t
About this Manual
E
l+
C\ CD
CT)
cr)
:
II'' L.l) LO F-r-
Lr)
(O r'-
CO
O)O-C!
.
Project Setup and Data PreDaration
Petrel Geophysics
rL L rI--¡
Insert menu. You also can right-click the Seismic main folder and select lnsert seismic survey. Use th'e
r_ --t
L --2
A-t
r_--
L-.
---
a_
l arlF--¿
aU
Au
L L L -
L ,-4
T.
Seismic Data lmport Format The standard format for 2D and 3D seismic data is SEG-Y which is a binary format that you can import easily into Petrel. The resolution of
the data is decided by the bit size, the in-line, and the cross-line spacing (3D) or trace spacing (2D). There are two SEG-Y import options in Petrel: SEG-Y seismic data and SEG-Y
import with preset parameters. Petrel
uses the SEG-Y
se¡smic data format to find the correct byte locations for X, Y-coordinates and line numbering automatical ly.
A SEG-Y cube can be full-fold data, near and far offset cubes, inversion data, and attribute cubes. In addition, y0u can import data in the ZGY bricked format. The ZGY format is a seismic file in which the seismic representation is changed to a bricked format rather than the traditional trace format.
When seismic data is displayed, only the required bricks are loaded into mem0ry. Petrel loads large bricks with low resolution into memory first, then loads the smaller bricks with high resolution. Seismic data is shown as a c0arse resolution that refines overtime as Petrel Geophysics
Proiect Setup and Data Preparation
.
35
-__-=--:
the program loads the smaller bricks into memory. The benefit of seismrc bricked data is that large volumes of data can be rendered the 3D window.
rn
User interactions always are avarlable, because Petrel stops loading the bricks if you move a seismrc line. This means that even volumes larger than the physical memory of the computer can be rendered and handled without data loss if you interact with the data.
Survey Geometry Definition You can predefrne the survey geometry wrthout loading the selsmic
cube by using the options on the Geometry tab in the Settings dtalog box for the .Surveyfolder.
This typically is done in the final stages of a processing job, afterthe intermediate outputs from the processing sequence are loaded and before the final seismic cubes are defined.
SEG-Y lmport
with Preset Parameters
When you import sersmic data with the ,SEG-)'w ith presef parameters option, you must specify the correct byte locations. You define byte locations in the SE6-}/ headers from first f/e section of the SEG-Y lmport dialog box. You can ignore traces wrth zero coord i nates.
You can specify SEG-Y loading parameters automatrcally from a
previously loaded SEG-Y file by usrng the blue arrow at the top of the SEG-Y lmport dialog box. Scan the frle to check rn-line and cross-line numbers and X and Y coordrnates. This quality control step is very
important because the seismic data cannot be set up to correctly read any other byte locatrons afterthe data is loaded. You would have to reload the cube.
Seismic Data in ZGY Bricked Format
(
When using seismic data in ZGY bricked format zgyl as input, the file is read wrthout an option to specify parameters. When the frle is loaded, a Vintage selection dialog box opens and then the Input data dialog box opens. Use options in the lnput data dialog box to change 36
.
Project Setrp and Data Preparation
Petre Geophyslcs
I
L
L
L
L-
the name, template, domaln, vintage, and X, Y conversion for the seismic data.
Goordinate Reference System (CRS) uses the Esri catalog for coordinate reference systems. All CBSs in Petrel are available by clicklng Other GRS in the lnput data dialog box where y0u set the correct reference system for the file that y0u are
Petrel
rmporting. lf the CRS for the file is not displayed in the file header, you must flnd it and set it manuallY.
Goordinate Transformation Between Reference Systems By default, you choose the CRS of the project in the lnput data dialog box. lf the CRS of the file is drfferent from the CRS of the project, then y0u must selectthe CRS from the list displayed rn the lnput data dialog box. A coordinate transformation between the project and flle reference systems is run and the data is positioned c0rrectly in the project reference system. Note that unlt converslon is not possible;X,Y and Z unlts are defined in the Coordinates and units tab in the Settings dialog box for the project.
Petrel Geophysics
Pr0ject Setup and Data Preparati0n
.
37
Seismic Data
(on selectionlto - Loading u ,r,uir7 totOtr and select lmport 1. Right-click
Procedure
open the lmPort
2.
bor
file
dialoO
f
. .. . .. .,.....,.,..,.,",.,,:,,.r1:r::L'}:§
0pen Choose the file and its type' Click
F,'e Éxañp'e,C¿scr'Pton
T.
Y'mpor a'roús
Eet bErora tl'e h'as a'É ¡oadeo erd tne rle tan tre scannÉd
p9rarel€'s to be
s SEG 'ÚaJr'g -"rl .íiá v ,"i"- .*"i"' po.,tol' t"n b* 'Ét
Petrel GeoPhYS cs
38-.o.ohcl
Se,Jp and Dard PreparaLlon
rL r
3.
Line Set corresponding data type (2Dl3D), define vintage and
detection method.
L L l-,
a-,
!
lgnere §EGY coordinates
,? ¡ lgnore traces uilñ nuli {§.0i §oordinates
nYt!. pos¡ton
13 -
a
r_
Line det¿cüEn
meüiod
Headerfomlai .: bl.te (32-brt) intsger
iffi',
,t b}"ie i3?'biti inieEer
i. ,- , :Witt
Aetamatic
Line detection
method > Automatic, the most likely line/inline and
trace/crossline headers are selected from trace headers
-,_-
4.ChangeLinedetectionmeth0dtoTraceheadersfieldslfyou need t0, check the headers and adjust
o o 5tc.f bF! l* ::.:t'_'_.' ..
_'-'
::l
.l,r
1i
ln-line/cross-line number byte positions for 3D data CDP and SP byte position for 2D lines'
. á l¡.§ ii : tWaSE§Y.@iee §)§
r@t
analysis. In this case, scannlng is unavailable because the headers are undetermined until the SEGY
file is read.
§&§id4
, Sa!t*.€.dd$$&§iir@
l., lt
ll
parameters Scan a specified number 0f traces to quality check
Prolecl SelLIl oro Dol¿ PrPp¿ral o1 Petrel Geophystcs
'
39
6.
ln the
lnput data dialog box, choose
a color template and a
domain.
Template Domain:
vrntage:
@ffiEffi-
Cocrdinate refsrense sysietn {CRS}
FrojectCRS:
SPCS27-17$2
0-$erQ!§.. RÉsultifts datá ránge {approx.}
---*
7. Create or add a Vintage.
40 o Pr0ject Setup and Data Preparation
v
ill Seismic {default} tJ EleYationtime
v ,
r\Ew
'-.
L L L l-:
f-
I-
L L L I-
t.-
B. Specify the CBS of the loaded seismic if it differs from the project
L
r_-.-
l_
r-_-
l_.*
L L rLL r,-
-_-
---t
is\ il tl i..
ffi
Input data
l*
CRS transformations
exporting to a file or using the Beference project
Name,
S typ"' I?
---*i
aiso can be done by
General
Template:
tool 3D seismir
§i
Domsin:
ii
Vintrage:
ffi
$;ñ(d"r";ki
ProjectCRS: File
CRS:
'-
ri."*ii."ii-*
Coordinate reference system {CRS}
r__
I-_-
CRS.
-.----'-'.'-'
§PCSI7-1702 SDCSZ7 1702 C'i*IEN'TCR SPCS2I
1702 v
;
t.i:;#
OtherCR5.., Resuhing data range (approx.) X range: Y range Z range:
UNDEF UhIDEF 3502C0,0
flü
UNDEF UNDEF
ñUS frUS
20$0.{X} ms
Unit conversion
Seismic Vintages When you load seismic data or create attribute cubes in Petrel, a se¡smic vintage is assigned to different versi0ns 0f the same data. Typical examples of vintages (or versions) are fullJold 0r near and far trace cubes of the same v0lume. Different attributes that generate
mis-tie corrected lines also will generate a new vintage. A vintage is an independent seismic type; 3D cubes and 2D lines can have the same vintage. Vintages are different versions of the same seismic data.
a-=4
--r
U I-: -*1
----
Petrel Geophysics
Project Setup and Data Preparatlon
.
41
a Display Window Different Vintages in
u,,.,,
u',. n d 1r : l:1, :*xn,f ;',U call vrruorrLe or on the lnput pane' Y0u window' oblects in an active
I; ñfl [ fii,jJ::'JiT,.i,.Ji:;
i
o]
is shown' line' with zoom iacto111{Oosition' The same part of the and volumes' áiittrent vintage lines making it easy to
'o*pu"
to select
interpretation toolbar if you use the seismic bv ln the 3D window, visible seismic planes vintase, 1,ou can 'ppü 'htt;i;t'ét tcon' vintage clicking the APPIY
io
urr
a
by clicking the Reset to its original vintage intersection the Reset
vintage icon' The previous vintage
to using the Shift
*
Up
@
* Sftitt + Down key combinations' and
Assignly^Yllttntt
Editing §'i'*1i11t1::::Sl toolbar the to 1 -; r'p'ü"l to*1r'9 the
Procedure
ii,§*
iron, are equivalent ,no Next vintage [@
Go
ü:;;
si'Jtus'ba r)
fi
avai I abl e,vi nta
nd
g
es
,ffi!'i;.'¡:+;i;".,r¡rlli'.,lrii'i ¡;l'¿
l-ffi §j :, ,{
sersmic
w*aso " #!} fr'dc]rsd§áÉq' -, B$ - ¡'b'i{#'stc'r' fyO,+SsSr'"*'
i,'..1
f
I
4'r
ei':
§r¿¿Í¿iras'¿r¿r¿'
PsrÉ! F5-8,*d
iffi.l#Seismic fime:'
40
Petrel GeoPh\/Slcs
¿z'-+roprt s.tup
und Data Preparatton
1
l_ l_ aI-
L L L L L L L L L L L I_
a-
3
a-
Display one line in an lnterpretation window or several lines in a 3D window from various seismic cubes. Assign different vintages to each line from the Seismic
interpretation toolbar or lnput pane.
i=ff¡ffi
: §W{§ t**¿se¡
!-
I_
* ,a] #*
B#
I-
5?r..ftiirs SrroíiÉ¡
p§rdd PSA,§
I-
Ad
,a-é-¿
rr L
5.
M
ot @ Activate the Seismic interpretation process and click vintage selections all in the Function toolbar to scroll through for an intersection.
---¿
É
lr--<
Petrel Geophysics
Project Setup and Data Preparation
.
43
Checkshot Parameter Selection you loaded is correct, invest To make sure that the check-shot data that to understand what each of try some time in parameter selection and entry rn the these parameters does. lf you click 0n an Attrlbute or unit a drop-down list spreadsheet of the lmport checkshots dialog box, change the depth opens where you can select the parameters' You can datum. input and time datum references to match the available The acronyms used are
.MSL:Meansealevel,inthefileshown'TVDSSreferstoTVD
o . .
subsurface (that is, MSL). KB: Kelly bushing elevated from MSL SRD: Seismic reference datum CRD: Checkshot reference datum'
E-
-t-
YouenterthevaluesforthegrayedoutfieldsinfheDepthandTime sectionsofthelmportcheckshotsdialogboxIntheTemplatespane details' during project setup. See the Petrel Help for more given as negative Even if time and depth values below MSL are
(MD' TVD' and numbers in display windows, the spreadsheet numbers positive, you not are values TWT) for check shots are positive. lf these Negate fhe you select must reload the check shots. Make sure that box when time values check box in the lmport checkshots dialog
L
tL
time and depth values are positive' _L_
L L
E-
L
L
L E 44 o Projeu, Setup
a|d Datd Prepa'alior
Petrel Geophysics
L
L
Procedure
[oading Check
Shots - l-.-: c< .ce Wells foiOer anJ s-etect trmport (on .- :t:^ r.e lmport selection) dia/og box.
----
L L L L
.Á*_i
É ,*
_- .t L
1r;
x
Yr-
ɧ
____
-
| ffi|§il:tJffi:?.t*,osh0ts ,4 a
I---¡
4.
ct:^t Ciick 0pen.
"jlr
5GL,s.r¡ be
G
I-J
§lÉ$ §eti¡ilgs
{,G*
-i
r,rmar(ASCI)
llles to import.
(.
.)
I-_-
L L L L L ---_
--
lr----
I.
--=.
L E-¿
f---4
L.
L F-J
L t,F-J
E----./
Petrel
Geophffi erolect Setup anJOata ereparation
.m
Selecting Gheck'shot Parameters and Procedure Ouality Ghecking Check-shot Data
-
1. Fit input parameters (A) to file (B). 2. Yer\fy Connect to trace and Number of header lines 3. Choose a time and depth datum. ffi
46
.
Pr0ject Setup and Data Preparatl0n
Impert rheckhokr Biawnd-l4 cs
Petrel Geophysic:
4.
Bight-click Checkshots inthe Global well logs folder and select Spreadsheet.
1vffi
¿
,
§l,Jr,.
!:itir,ri
tE! I'n¡]!.t ir,n releCi¡r,:
i3
l*
&
Edit Elrbsl ;Erlrrt¡ille
T
':1
5.
i¡¡r
¡,: clert,:C l5o Jr lDt
ttr,pli:r
Change depth from MD to TVDSS and compare TVDSS and
TWT with input files and other time-depth information. {$
Crt',*ts::or :preaAshet
{e'Diffiild-14..r
ltell:
¡d-.ri ','tx"
..
-
--
§onie
l#-lLlElr4liryl ¡tA '1
TUJa
AÉraq€
*lo€ity
lateml Ela۟y
n
1E
]
1C.3i
'185
539
tire
3i
5
.5:{:¡
¡
,5¿*1.8:
"E4¿G.6É
-\281 iÉ
-5&41
*l
4 ,5813.:
$5
le 11
-5;:{ *
¡'
f
'l
1¿ 14 15 1ü
:3-§§
E:
-Í8.€n
,sEt1.2¡
-¿3T.5,S
-¡t§: .6i
i:gq Fl i¡i
iiirP
irES:i,
19
I
ai
1
F'tÁ1.81 ria *'t
51
A':R i]{é21 4f 33F.§i
üam$l§
€S¡S:;
D{a,@#'}4
17421
1514¿.3:
Í:Ld
-€É¡'5.5i
1
3t.é;
15'1¿¿.Ee
niffs¡Bl.'1d
4á.!;
üiwe$f4 D¡MSt4
r:
0imd-:1,"{
15146.¿1
1€¡.tr j''l€* ¡l{
1
51
151eS
1g*::
I51.i3 1{ I
514E.24
t-5i\:1
-¡Si4
243 [d
31'1.¿l
D¡-sw¡d.]4
üErod-14 Bism&14
15T{i.3i
l1
ۇ9
l,! Bi*Mxd-1S
13'¡¿d,.tl
Eil
1í
d-1¿
3:5.É4
Biawrdl-1ia
I
5t¿"8
-6:68.11
¿
3E3.;i
.EEZ' 3:
-
z1
EriEffild-É
Ditrwld-'14
15'144.§€ ].]',l
.Eqq m
2*
Petrel Geophysics
7!
,€11.1tJ
A.{ü
üi#sd*-1é &14
--¡{6-?.f!
1A
z2
-É383
,6¡:-2:{
11.
l24r.t 1.r+. l
151+8.55
1
-:{*,
l{. }t
fi2
.s'r{§.sl
-485.:d
Bi*m&14 ütumd].1,*
1 E'1
9
r3
r¡re[ t4
,54?A.li ]S*:.S!
,nft :'i.;'1
-5,r,:S.8¡ .51't:.¿,n
,5:5,!.rl 1
*if=,*t
-58.3fi.3€
¿ '1
soBtu
l¡3€.Tt
EliáMd14
Project Setup and Data Preparati0n
.
47
Reference Project Tool The Reference project tool is useful for quickly transferring
horizons,
faults, models, surfaces, and data from a backup project to the working project. The Reference project
tool is object generation aware; it can identify
older object versions from the most recent ones in the working and background projects. This information is iconized behind each object entry in both projects. You can filter this information for easy selection.
lf incompatible coordinate or unit systems are set for the working and background projects, you cann0t c0py the data. The Reference project tool performs coordinate transformations between reference systems if the projects are set up with different CRSs.
48.
Pro.er . SetL0
a.o Ddtd Prepatat
0r
Refer to the
Petrel Help for more details about the Reference project
tool and its
use.
Petrel Geophys cs
-¡-
L L L L I-
Procedure Data Through the Reference -Transferring Project Tool
--
1.
ln menu bat select File > Reference proiect tool.
I-<
I-r
LL-
ffi
2. File
E-
L-
i';1
t¡rl'Lol
fioudspin_SecandaryProiest.pe{R y
§pe:
3. 4.
t*ai
Choose a Background project
n¡me:
Files nf
A*l*r*nr* prr¡er:i
¡§l Fdrel files {".pd
;
"pdR}
Toggle on the Background Click
[El
*pen f,¿ñeql
project dara check
boxes
to transfer to the Working projecr.
¡"re..-" so'*t trl
--
§anrdináb
lá6p¡rs!.i §i§!al4 dd:3§súCtl P.
rFeH §ptslr_1ñrf &§&rffi §Pa§:i 14?¡&
E¡, tr I .C
u
::---!
Y
ra§dúr§
3yr&n! sFc§:¿-t ffi,
*", üi;i-*-lL§
¿
i-ul§rffi §H§?¡_118?N
§:v
:,e , .;
--<
r__-----
:t
.&i
§a'¡mr
s ta
&i §i. ri ñrl E]:: i¡i:] íJ ri ü"l Br
,l
irde
- rl;
l----1 I r...1-.I
$§
ül
§I:
É¡, SEG-Y 2D Toolbox
Petrel 2013 introduces the SEG-Y 2D toolbox to improve loading of 2D seismrc data that has navigation and header issues. The tool is intended to be used with 2D SEG-Y files that cannot be loaded correctly
using the standard SEG-Y import tools in Petrel.
A major focus of the tool is the handling 0f 2D navigation data. The SEG-Y 2D toolbox can work with navigatr0n data from multiple sources, including:
.
a variety of externaliextfile formats that have either a fixed number of characters per field, or files where fields are
delimited by a specrfic character, for example, a tab, c0mma,0Í semi-col0n in Excel's comma separated (CSV) save formats. lt also can work with UK00A standard formats including lonqitude and latitude c00rdinates. Pefel Geophysics
Pr0ject Setup and Data Preparati0n
.
49
se¡sm¡c vintages that are loaded onto 2D seismic lines that already exist in the Petrel project.
offset-VSP seismic data, where you specify a surface location, (for example a wellsurface location), the azimuth, and a fixed distance between traces. links to coordinates of a polyline set. For more 6S sre-v.zr ¡ Tcalbm Lcading
details on the SEG-Y 2D toolbox, see the Petre! Help.
to*t**
¡ t{ut1, *rrldcx
rqqq { Uqlie
i i
EEü-Ydrectcqr r,iá"*ü"i.¿
r---:
i
i_,,i§
j I
E/le posit¡ors:
f.¡or
;
i"nn*O
f,,iavÍgatirnsauree: iqF.q.Iq*g",.qlgs¡!e.,F-u,.........,,........,.....,...,.......,,,:J
,!
-'ll
I
'.,.;;
l
EEG'Y a¡.*n!des:
Corrdi¡áe relerer¡c¿ system ltESi lnpulñlÉ CHS
üo
OuhL.tfle 'GroiPcJ
Cnh
üesl¡na§¿n
it¡ruPÍ'
t"áiJi"J r,=r"Á-iJ;;;
&s
tdo cüord¡nate slstem detned
_;:
r .:
!.in¡ao€: i"Jit OUFTJiSEG-Y
direütrry
§
50
.
Pro.lect Setup
afd Data Preparati0n
Lnad gen*rated SEtrryñles t* PÉlrÉl
Petrel Geophyslcs
-
-
1_ l-
L
L l-
Seismic Data Export Formats The standard export format for 2D and 3D seismic data is SEG-Y which is a binary format that you can import easily into other applications. The other export format is ZGY bricked format (3D seismic data only), which is faster for rendering data through a cube than the SEG-Y format.
Procedure
Exporting Seismic Data
1. Bight-click
the seismic data and select Export.
i+ ¡rc".:...
C1.1.t
'¿E
:d'1
'
¿l
¿r,.u'",",
..;r;,.
ál
'
-
!
ú.::¡ .rl.: :.rie
.uta,x
.
.
eatt:
a)
ro', 1y,.".,.'
TY ¡L:a !órr' É !G lu:¡ ¡a,¡: ¿ . B '¡¡ "¡. ¿::.:r.:*, . i $ Serñ ii r:f-rrir-! . )e1tE.-. t.¡- t.t.s'r../ # .'e¡:e s:tgr.¡, -ar.er,¿rr B rr¿á:e,rr-qo,¿:':,c..,nd.rÉ ffl :u-:r..¿¡,qr,.. 6i ir:erPrEi¿:r.1 rrañ:q€r., r
2.
Specify the output File name and format. Click Save.
Seismic data in ZrIY bricked format {'.zgyJ Shapefile i'.shpl
3.
Complete the export dialog box to create disk files SEG-Y
export
--,.:: :.',,
r,.l:: :,
üs'rdinatq§calei¿ctú.
lpit1.'.'.r
ffi
-
§amplevelueformat rrrrrcatlntfoini' l_.ll
'.-it¡-:::1,,,1:-¡'t;,.,rt:,¡1,
Lr-e,[,-,-j Petrel Geophvsics
; i--i '- ; i; .,) i-,_.:i
{,¡
Project Setup and Data Preparation
.
51
Enhanced 0ptimization
Lesson 3
ln this lesson, you
Performance Through Data
will learn to optimize your data through cropping
and
realization, which can help improve computrng performance'
3D Volume and 2D Line CroPPing the amount of By cropping a 3D volume or aZD line, you can reduce you to focus on the Oáta ava¡tante from a 3D volume. Cropping helps
time' zone of interest and allows for faster computlng you can crop the 3D sersmic data by reducing the volume in the X, Y or with 2D Z domain. lt also is possible to skip in-lines and cross-lines. that y0u can reduce lines, you can skip trace numbers, CDPs, or SPs so the vertlcal range as well as the extent of the line'
rii'-*li il .,:ir iii
,:1 - .l
:1 --.-i
GroPPing a Volume Procedure 1'Bight-Clicktheseismicvolumeandselectlnsertvirtual the croppeO volume' A virtual seismic cube appears under original seismic cube with identical ggonn'tty
: ffi
,+] Lrieg sruey inrlusien frlfers
¿
:
i5q
: ffi
IriterpreÉlisa fslder
& ;-] $e*srn¡c
a
1
¡1; 38mfe4n irrl¿¡s¡a¡ ¡!?e¡s
lrarizon
1
,$ i-l S:rrvey t
Crop the virtual
cube: h.
a.
Click SelecVpick mode
lS
'
in
tht
process toolbar and
the green handles display in the 3D window' OR
b. 52. P'oier'SelLp d'd Dat"
Prepa'otror
Select Settings > Cropping tab and specify line ranges
L
5e*iilqsict ,iil§ $rssl
i?$áe
1'
isl
iir*r*lin*:ange Jru
?
,5§
'
;**
li{*{;i:§ste.
,l:tü
tr certain types of data manrpulation and interpretation (for example, autotracklng and ant-tracking), it is convenient t0 reduce the size of the cube when you work w¡th lt.
To do
.si.' l ..-....
,
-...:
A contlnuous read0ut
of the volume size disPlaYs in the lower r ght corner when graphical y cropp ng the cube.
Seismic Data Realization Realrzation ts the process of creating a physrcal copy of seismic data in the ZGY brcked selsmic format. The orrginalvolume can be an imported SEG-Y file, virtual seismic data (for example, a cropped volume), or a previously realized volume. Realizatron serves four important purposes. lt
o
creates a physical representation of a cube. A reallzed seismic volume is created as a ZGY format file. lt cannot be used in other applications that supp0rt only SEG Y However, you can rmport it into another Petrel project. The reallzed seismic volumes usually are noticeably faster t0 use c0mpared to a SEG-Y file. You can export the realized data into a SEG-Y
.
f
ormat.
changes value resolution. Many SEG-Y files use 32-bit floatingpornt format for trace amplitude values. Such resolutlon sometimes is not necessary. lt adds a certain overhead to all operations on the volume. You can gtve volumes that are realized in Petrel a value resolution of 16-bit or even B-bit integers, which can increase the available storage space. However, gorng from a higher bit format to a lower bit format can decimate seismlc data Changing back to a higher bit
Petrel Geophysics
Proiect Setup and Data Preparation
.
53
format adds to the storage size only and will not recover the
initial data. changes how seismic data is handled. You cannot completely visualize arbitrary intersections of any volume. ln a SEG-y file, for example, data is always stored sequentially as trace following trace, then in-line following in-line. The realization operation creates a new volume file that is organized for rapid ACCESS.
increases memory-loading speed. A realized cropped cube is significantly faster to upload than the equivalent virtual cropped cube. The entire original cube needs to be accessed when loading a virtual cropped cube.
54
.
Project Setup and Data Preparation
Petrel Geophysics
L -,--
L L L L L L
ffi
Settings for'miq'
JI-
,tI-
---l16.8SESlo -1 14.1ülll Súúrce anlpl¡tuds rtsngs:
§-) Setfronr s*urce as shom above
'
..
S¿ifronr source symnretjcal
l,':
UsEr d¿fined
8j
Zero
centric
P+li¡:
Histogranl
:;
I
+w
ffi
40 Lower clipping: 0.01186".'!, Upper clipping: 0.üC0Biá
320§
suv
SEGO
+G00
J-
r--
L L L L r,_-
-88
-48
§
I-
I,
Realized v0lunits
-
L T L L --L: -=
size: Max$2.
M8
kl:-,¡[-'..]
Et!*] @:g-l
Bealization requires disk space and can be a time c0nsuming process" lt is strongly recommended that you save your project to a specific location, preferably the local hard disk, before realizing large seism¡c volumes. Otherwise, the system's temp0rary directory (for example, C.\ TEMP)will be used for the generated volume file.
-a-1
;---= F
Petrel Geophysics
Project Setup and Data Preparati0n
.
55
Seismic Data
Realizing 1 0pen-the Settings dialog box for the cropped setsmic cube' 2. 0n the Operations tab, g0 t0 the Realize sub'tab'
Procedure
3. 4.
+-
Toggle off rhe Zero centric check box' option as the Select the Set.from soLtrce as showtt above Source amPlrtude range'
5. Click Scan. 6. 0bserve the histogram'
1
Click
the Filterbóx and observe that the spike (zero values)
is
removed from the histogram display'
B.
Ensure that the
Realization quality is lnteger
B
bit
+
@
56
.
so
r0
0
'10
rower ci¡pp¡ng: ü.&0s09i lJpper clippiilg: 0 Sgflü:t
Petrel GeoPhvs ¡s
Pr0lect Setup and Data Preparation
lL -,-
Prefetch to Cache 0ption
--
lnteractively browsing through huge 3D seismic cubes and 2D Iines in an exploration scenario requires quick access to the data.
-,-
r_-,-
The speed at which data is read from the disk can reach 100 IVB per second. However, in some cases this is not sufficient. With the emerging 64-bit operating systems, it is possible t0 store data in BAM; Petrel includes an 0ption to prefetch seismic data to cache. You can use the Prefetch to cache option on seismic volumes with a size that can reside in the computer's memory (independent of operating
system, that is, 32 164 b¡I) Both SEG-y and ZGy volumes or 2D Iines have the option to load all seismic data into memory. This operation
will
run as a multi-threaded asynchronous task.
Prefetch to cache is similar fofhe Load iruto used in pre-Petrel 2007 releases.
m,n,y option that was
Procedure Using the Prefetch to Cache 0ption for Seismic Data 1. Select Tools > System settings > Seismic tab t0 set the Seismic cache size and graphics card memory. :
Tt:*le 1-Wind*.w..,!:!§!p
(,,.' t9l _r*iefi]5É1iifi!5.,. .'§
....
., h
I
2.
Right-click on a seismic data object (3D volume or 2D line in either a SEG-Y or ZGY cube) and select prefetch to cache.
-:
il
.t SEG y and ZGy voiumes can be prefetched
I .-,,
to cache if the volume is not larger than the available cache size. Project Setup and Data Preparatl0n.5T
:¡-
=-
-.t_
-
+ lf you selected a seismic cube in SEG-Y format, the Task manager 0pens (if it is not already open) below the graph¡c display area of Petrel and a counter updates until
it reaches 100%. At this point the volume is successfully Ioaded into cache. lf you selected a seismic cube ln ZGY format, the petrel Message log opens and reports the Levels 0f detail (L0D) that is prefetched to cache. When Level0 (highest level of
+
detail) is completed, the volume is successfully loaded into cache.
Seismic Calculator Use the Seismic calculator to generate virtual calculator volumes based on existing cubes or between two or more existing cubes. The calculator expects that all input volumes are of the same size and definition (in-line, cross-line, and sample count).
+
Any calculator volume can be realized as any other seismic volume. --<
58
-4I}**
.
Pr0ject Setup and Data Preparati0n
Petrel Geophysics
Procedure
1.
-
Usino the Seismic Catculator
Righr-ciick the
s
** =.:?l1-f_1l.1ru and select Catcutaror #:-:g:il ,
.:4
2.
l:iJ
{alcul¡tor,..
Enter the equation bv tuninn and selecting from the seismic variables and ,n¡._ calculatoi vv,wq,qLUl brtton, uurruils. ^",^,,,1l.]yprng
^;;:=-
vartffi lm
3
aces, functions).
L4;j SelBCt seism¡c vBriable:
.
:o,1,.r" $m:n Ér*t
il'"
i
i';,,----:- ;-----
,;-i_Tt
,Fornea
seismic.
T:.11::::19::::
L,Ü G:]
;#§=r§_EErE@E4rr ggEqEñ8,ɧ
#*PgEqFrtrr:s I 4 f,
th e eq
"r'[:llilT#l
uation A new,iu,u
r
*illi,,o,.uo
@,-*j m,q-F;r¡¡*{
i i& il : j-§il-l :$ ll
:
x#*
tntine 77ü
xlrne 4rc
r-ffré tJe,¡*-rht
: r& i_l
,
Petrel
Geopffi
l..-l
Intine €35
¡tu.*
+zO Pro;ect Setup and Da-a pápaitton
.E
Examples To
cut back a seismic cube between two surfaces: NewSeis = lf (Z
:'rl 3¡
;
L
s
L --
@.
i,,*
,.
¿ü$ir6§tJ
FinMiE Tirne{v¡rtualelsssedl
1
I
?
i
?
i
*
5Éfécleo 1u
k:r:::l gi:§L,l
H.
H
Vir¡lácü
Petrel Geophysics
PrOiecl Setup and Data Preparat on
.
61
---?-
Mis-tie Manager The
Mis-tie manager
is an interactive t00l for managing vertical, gain, and phase mis-ties and corrections between 2D or3D seismic lines in Petrel. You can use it to calculate or specify correcti0ns, select reference lines, clear Iines to exclude from mis-tie analysis, and select
which 2D lines to display in the active graphic window.
Procedure Manager
1.
-
Managing Corrections Using the Mis-tie
lnsert the mistie set by right-clicking on the Ser'smic main folder.
,SF:ffi*,,
,#!lmiqil& -..' -\e. LItLl5 . , bSvlr,= r;;;" ü;;J.;;";;,', .&; xi T ,
I
;l rfli l* ixpnr: , .. @i; r 3*ier*. . ;&tj x P:k ltr:lr &'-- *is [ {
,;§:
,
"
firl+L
.
. Survel,:', ,ÉF.i
r:.--. ...- ,,,,--._
tr¡sei': -'¿lder
,'#F-lslu¡I"" tJrrllaps* ire¿rrsirr*.1 rff¡qsrnzj.¡ Erpand ir*rr:rsi,',ei o # e ura:i* S¡sru+ ü fo*r ic nkl*r-; # i *tu¡ áJ 5*ri hy narr*r I Ss srbñi §,rr-i Ly inline nur-.rber S s stbl err &u:*. crl¡r all # ,yl slbü .ry $ il Filters i c¡s .É.uir name ali '*'ciun* ¡Iribu:ps,,,
#
lnseri nflls-ire
se: I\
Pr*:ei.h;ü ra.he 62.
E
P'oject Setup and Data Dieparat.on
Pelrel Geophysics
The survey selector showing selection of multiple surveys
Use the Mis-tie manager to control which lines to correct, what corrections to perform, and how to perform them.
ki
0rM
The original and corrected composite lines show in the
.4
Mis-tiesfolder.
Éff§ §"F,
I
H[s+iesesl *mey2
I
ffi 7
Potueeo¡n li¡s-lie sef
I
Survey Z
¡
finginal composite seismir
-al -¿_ -¡a
Petrel Geophysics
Project Setup and Data Preparation
. ül
Seismic Mis-Tie Visualization You can dynamically create composite lines of mis-tie corrected seismic
data and visualize it §:owi*oorir¡anyl ¡.
i-
l
I I
l
+
l
0rigrnal and corrected composite lines appear in the lnput pane under the Mis-tie set
É*
,#
rvils{rɧ
i,.l
hlis-tie set'l 2ú lines
,' ,:4 i-:i Points finm h;lis-tie set
1 lü line seismic site seismic
l, m i.,l üriginel conrp*siie
:
64
.
Project Setup and Data Preparatlon
Petre Geophysics
I You can display mls{ie values In a 2D window.
LI
l_* ]-
l_ l_ l_ r--l I¡
I.-¡
L l* r.
l
An interactive point set with attributes is generated for quality control.
L L tr L r¡
r
,g; §ur+ey
ffit{ ,r
6f
r
ft
inis-tie set
I
Surxey I
p*, 1fr Folnts fro¡n táis-t¡e set 1 SurYey
r
t-r
1
htis-ties
I
f,*u,r;: Attnhutes
tT ir.l tI i:, J
:-l E i::ll
furtor
\¡ertical mis'tie torrelation \rertical mis'tie residual itutal ualuei ¡:_.'
,,Í:i :...-l
ii
i
Phase nris-iie {ahsolute ualuel pnas* mis-tie rorrelaiion furt¡r
§1 ,i': e=¡n
ffi
i
mis-tre {nnrmalized ualuei
Line name
11'>l
t-1
1-1 --{
u
-
Perre Geopht/s cs
Project Setup afd Data Preparati0n
'
65
!Exercises Data
-
Setting up a Proiect and Preparing
ln these exercises, you
wlll get hands-on experlence with setting
-
up a
new Petrel Seismic lnterpretatlon project and preparing data for interpretation.
Exercise Workflow
o . . . o . .
Create a new project and select the projection system Set the seismic reference datum (optional). lmport seismic data into Petrel' Transfer data between Petrel projects'
-
Prefetch to cache. Crop and realize the 3D volume' Analyze and remove mis-ties.
-
Exercise Data has been assigned to ln this directory" create thatyou data you. save all proiects and other
You
will
be working in
a studentdirectory that
Vou run find this directory inthe Geophysics Fundamenfalcourse ls located directory (see the figure). The input data used in this exercise
in the
--
these folders.
+-
oafa importfolder and the pre-made Petrel projects are located you cannot find in the secon dary proiectsfolder. Ask the lnstructor if
i i
Geophysirs tundanrentai
i ! I
Data lrnPurt Serondary Frcjerts Student
:
66
.
Project Setup and Data Preparation
Petrel Geophysics
-* : j-
Creating a New Proiect and Selecting the Proiection System ln this exercise, you willcreate a new project in Petreland selectthe projection and unit systems.
Petrel is coordinate enabled, meaning that coordinate transformatlons can be done during import, export,0r by using the Reference proiect tool. i
-
¡
I
L_
t-
t_-
LLL-*
Unit conversion can take place during data lmport, but flrst y0u must specify or checkthe unit and coordinate systems used in a new project.
1. Open Petrel. 2. Create a new project. 3. From the menu bar, select File > Save proiect as. 4. Choose a name for your project and save it in the Student folder.
5. 6.
From the menu bar, select
Prolect > Proiect settings.
ln the Settings dialog box on the Coordinates and units tab, click Select to choose a coordinate system.
ffi
Setrings fo*'New
prejef tilisrsettircs2 I SotsbaeÉ C6..dinstesandunits
{fl &§s:L-:l
Cqard¡nale refeence system iCRS):
L:
i,-jH!:9j!§,'.-']
l..ln¡tsys¡enrl
1-
L
Sinrslaüon
units:
ÉcliPsf'n¡nf¡
DisplayopüDns - '.-
Storage uni¡s
L L L l-;
)é=
--*--i
Lal{ongfomat
¡Y soit
fIJS
Z unit
11
fuea unit
t?
,:::) DÉc¡mal angle (dÉgrees¡
,.§'l
"i
Degrees'minutes-seconds
Vo¡ume
ürrt
fll
Gesdetc dahrnl:
Seisnric
time:
nts
lit
Proiect datunr
§eismic
velocity: f;
,.:'-:
wcse,l
fL-1
L L
Proiectreférencedatu$ -Tin¡e
r_--)
Depth
H
r¡----J
iSRDi: fL,iSLl:
¡ 0
f lcP,,--li{.e{--:.l Petre Geophyslcs
l{-...n€a l Project Setup and Data PreDaratior'.67
1
"__¡
I
+.J
-.--.
> :
21
Observe that
lnput 22
the Vintages folder (under Sersmic ln the
pane) n0w c0ntains 0ne entry, Seismic Time
1
-
.
Save your prolect.
-
Loading 2D Data 1
.
Bight-click the Sersmic main folder and select lnsert
seismic survey. 0pen the Settings dialog box for the new folder (Survey 'j). 0n the lnfo tab, change the name of the new folder to 2o 1
Click 0K
tr
R¡ght-click fhe 2D lines surveyfolder and select lmport (on selection).
6. 7
76
.
Project Setup and Data Preparation
rne s.
4 .,
.
-
lnfhe Data import/Seismic input data/2D lines directory, select the ".sgyfiles. Make sure Files of type is set to
SE6-l seismic data with Petre Geophysics
-
B
I
Click 0pen. Complete the SEG-Y lmport dialog box as shown in the figure and click 0K.
10
ln the Input data dialog box, make sure that File CRS is set
to
SPC27*1102... and click 0K for all. lf the Petrel message log opens, view its contents and close it. Save your project.
Petrel Geophysics
Project Setup and Data Preparat on
.
77
E LTransferring Data between Petrel Projects The Reference proiect tool is object generation aware. lt displays information about which version of the same object is newer 0r older in the local and reference projects.
1. From the File menu, select Reference project tool. An 0pen project dialog box opens.
ffi
fetrel 2S13.1 {64-b¡t} alpha -
lNevr¡
t
E
prqect - lmpo
F¡l€
iiÉ
loler,*
prejec:
üpen prcjet:
impart.ile.
,
l-
,
.
§.:¡ ffi 5a'dÉ preieci
¡L-
C:rl+5
ffi Save ¡:rejec:r as. .. e* ..--i.i.: Sl Database lcol... ffi üp¡r-t" se¡rch lnd*x o3 i:t:1. s11:c! s5rel::r:n
L.
[L
m -5" irrrnl ...
;
il*i
Lr-i {_
r
T_
: t't ,:'
Find Cl o ud s pin_S
L
ry P roj e ct.p efR in the Secondary prljects folder and open it. (lf the Petrel message log appears, view the content and close it.) All available data in the selected reference project is listed e c onda
on the right srde of the Reference
!L
¡-
proiect tool dialog box.
L
78.
Proiect Setup ard DaLa Preparal on
Petrel Geophysics
-.
I
L
----{
r-_J
§ RdereÉp¡ojdtd
r__ r--¿
Ba.kgroud prciéd
1_ r-¡ 1_
i,Ei
Olceophys¿s Fu¡damenblis¿condary ProFc§ialcudspin §éco"a..ve.¡.crpen Cood$abqsbm: SPCS2I l¡2{'UENTOR SPC§27-I& W27LoúÉiánaSEl
ii$l
',".lEllElB@iliEJü
L
%8tr "*" :
--J
LL-l .
-
r.-¿
f f f
c
>.:spr-:- o e,¡e,
.,"
r
ñv 'Ti ,¡i"rHii. r-,-JÉ, 'El sq:.-
u E
,i ,'.cú[úB dsta - I'rr-d:il-?r_(6t)-
E
.r ' armcr Polrp 'l 1", o' 4erá.ó* f 3v u€qq ii3 r, NÉ{m*r ¡5 lsirudu¡dr€@»*e ó r/ÍrÉ
É
É
\J
q E
!-ü:.
]
l
]
i
.."'
¿ r--r --*l:'uu'""* .ñ
.i
E
r¿mprdé f/m+
I
I §.r"""**
Úl
li Debrrs
Debils lAlrackPofaonl
i&cloudainl
rime:
r-¿
Febl3201311:15i3
I
.-i
Rete@nce DiGeophr$cs Fúndéménbtlsuden{t1y-CloudsplnFei
Tiñé:
f:l
F¿bá2m706S:59
Eets¡énce. DlceophysiÉFún&ñenblsécondary
l
--
+il. makh'n!
E--¿
L L 1L =
i
]
---¡
f f
'[¡
oaer&'s
k"
¡-§
I
Toggle on the check boxes for these objects: Wells, Well Tops 1, Cultural data, lmported lnterpretation, Surfaces, ATrack Polygon, and New model.
ü*\ ,i i
-
I
lf there are any
mismatches between the
4.
Use the blue left arrowto copy data into your Iocal project.
coordinate systems of the local and reference projects,
5
The Petrel message log lists the copied objects. Close the Reference proiect tool and save your project.
a warning message is displayed and you will be unable to transfer the data.
This limit prevents you from copyinq data between geographically incompatible projects.
Also, if the two projects have different unlt systems (metric vs. field), you will get an error message and you wlll be unable to transfer the data.
-4
Project Setup and Data Preparati0n
.
79
Prefetching Data to Cache Accessing volumes is one of the most critical and, potentially, time consumrng processes when interpreting and handling seismic data. Both SEG-Y and ZGY format volumes are stored and accessed from disk, although the bricked seismic format (ZGY) is handled much
faster than SEG-Y
Ir
To reduce the trme t0 access volumes, you can prefetch data to
cache if the size of the volume is not too brg for the c0mputer's RAM. This process involves loading the entire volume rnto computer
4
mem0ry.
1.
--
ln the
lnput pane, right-click on mrg and select Prefech to
cache. The Petrel Message log opens and displays the prefetch
status of each level starting with 0 (zero) and continurng upward until all levels requrred to prefetch the entire volume
at full resolution
are loaded.
the Message log if it is closed, gofo View > Panes > Message log. The volume size cannot be larger than the set seismic cache srze for the project. Change the cache size: Go to Iools > System settings > Seismic tab. lncrease the cache size so that you can load larger volumes. However, do not to set ¡t too high because a
§--, -, §-,
y._¡
To display
2.
a. b.
high number can cause unstable performance. The range is dependent on the available BAM of the computer. Hold your mouse pointer over the question mark to frnd out how to calculate the optimalvalue.
)
**l
G*
!l +E
)
l
I
-.J
>-l ) Ll
J
¡
-_l =-J
-l
_l
l
§-J 80 o Project Setup and Data Preparation
PeÍel Geophysics
:l
Gropping Seismic Data cropping the seismic data means reducing the vorume in the X, y
or Z domain and skipping in-rines and cross-rines.
with 2D rines, the same process means reducing the vertical range as wellas the extent of the line by limiting or skipping trace ñumbers, CDps, or SPs.
1. R¡ght-crick on the 3D seismic cube (mig) and serect rnsert Virtua! cropped votume.
A new icon with the same name as the original followed by [Crop] / appears below the original icon. Open the Settings dialog box for the cropped volume. 0n the 0perations tab, change the Bealization quality to B, 16, and 32 b¡f.0bserve the changes in file size
2. 3.
(realized volume size).
4. Open a new 3D window. 5. Display the cropped data by roggling on mig [Crop] 1. The 6.
7
.
B.
outline of the seismic cube is displayed. Under mig [Crop] 1, toggle on lnline and Crossline. To add more lines, right-click the cropped volume and insert
in-line, cross-line, time slice, or seismic intersections from the menu. Activate Select/pick mode. The corners and
edges of the volume appear with green squares. By clicking thése green squares, you can drag the edges of the cube manually. A continuous readout of the size when cropping down a volume is displayed in the lower right corner petrel. of Get an exact cropping to a specific in_line and cross-line range by opening the Settings dialog box for the cropped volume (if not already opened) and sélecting the Gropping
:*'.. i*r -
I
You cannot use
Selec(pick mode to
crop 2D lines graphically in a 3D
window
tab. Set these parameters:
o . o
lnline range from 500 to 700, Skip g = Crossline range from 360 to 580, Skip = Vertical range from _800 to 2500 ms
0
Petrel Geophysics Project Setup and Dut,
p,.pu,utrrffi
t-.
L-
tt_
L 10.
Apply and check the Stat¡st¡cs tab. Go to the 0perations tab > Realize subtab for the Click
cropped volume and check the file size again. 1
1.
12.
Cancel the Settings dialog box.
a. b.
c.
R¡ght-click 0n 0ne of the imported seismic lines and select lnsert virtual cropped 2D line. 0pen the Settings dialog box for the inserted 2D line. 0n the Gropping tab, set the Vertical range t0
d
Click 0K
3.
14.
É
-4000.
e. 1
t-
Crop a 2D line:
With a 3D window active, toggle on the cropped
2D
line in the lnput pane. Change the lateral extent of the cropped 2D line. Select appropriate values in the drop-down Iist for First trace or Last trace on the Gropping tab in the Settings dialog box
B
b
You can also enter a number for Skip traces. Save your project.
=. l'srEd @§e :
.4f3:
C*T Ff.Éffi
82
.
Project Setup and Data preparation
- ¿tr 0
Lasr*m:
ii3ú " m§§
§@tlBB
L
§P
?lr
=-
!1
ffise
Petre Geophysrcs
,)
l
Realizing the 3D Volume L t
L_-
f,
L"
a,
L L
lealilalpn is the process of creating a physical copy of seismic data in ZGy bricked format. A reatizei ,,r'óái rr., faster to upioad than an equivrl.niuotruf'J.ppeO is significantty cuOe. tt ¡s strongly recommended that you save y0ur prolur, to a specific locarion, preferably rhe locat hard dis[, Ouioür.uul¡r¡ng large seismic volumes. Otherwise, tf-le.sysiemt tá*po,u,V directory (for example, C\TEMP)will be used foithe generaieo volume file. 1 0pen the Settings dialog box for the cropped seismic
.
f--
L
0n the Realize subtab on the Operations tab, toggle off
the Zero
centric check box.
€G*#ñ:**"i*§i:;i.l¡l:rt:,::i:i
I-d
-,
cube.
2.
#
o.u,,r.
¡
L-
::il.ii.1:t:rrrii.,::ii.ijf]il..:,::r..¡i§.
Iff.,*iÜ *r*Y. 1'*: i ' ':p*'
o*,ro
I S"ee *u*rde *¡rr: .?16.Ée¡é t l?§.(r§7S l; .9. S*¡*m*§how¡b§le i. l:., soti*******
-
,:.'.i
iq *** ,** i oo*" -""T F*c -
i
ij1i:,:iti,1':ii##i
'-
-'- -' '
"-
ki
-- " I i il ,.d ii
LlBd¡{§sd
-: ¿s. me Itsogrfr
I
t¡
*n
:
lX:t,¡ , ll**
,;:,¿
**
jlti
:d
li il li li jl ri
i:
rl i:
ti
1!5 .r$
.is
l.rj
iño s6. ¿S
Fe¡*rtuqqÉ¿{t ¡neg* aU,i
r
I
*r"**n
org*d qr¡hy
O+*+*..
*¡:.áirá,,
!*t¿*
.*,
'
Éée&¿edvo[fts¿ Lt&3]0f,{B
¡i
.5h ';:----"]T
EEI .¡edopd.g t *O. '
lr
tüs
O*,,'
no#g per
ti
125
ri
ri
3, bt
m
. il*'o*
---
.
li-.¡ ,**¡g,n¿¿
......
ii usdáftd
r"
rj
ii
.
,
:--,1 ] i :. ,: li '-,s ]i
3. Use the Setfrom soltrce as shown aboveoption as Source amplitude range andciick Scan. "4. Observe the histogram. Petrel Geophysics Droiect
Serrp and ¡¿¡¿
p¡gp¿¡¿flffi
I
I
--: check box and observe that the sprke (zero values) is removed from the histogram display. Ensure that the Realization quality ls lnteger B bit.
Toggle onfhe b
Filter
Keep the remainlng values as defaults and click Realize The Task manager opens under the graphic window area
1
showing the status of the realization process. The information also is written to the Petrel message log
'i**q *¡
w
-.:i **:.
*. :,i,;:*i *: e; e
¡*ñ4
-
B'--: mig Ecrryl I
[Ftea§izedl
I
0.
_l
.*:-i
l
l---¿ L--a
:A:,,1 ¡nlinÉ &3§ ..§:,-: Xline4?& Z=_t752
-]
--l
B. Close the Settings dialog box. 9" Realize the mig cube in a similar way. 1
Save your Project.
Analyzing and Removing Mis-Ties The Mis-tie manager is an interactive tool for managing
L-/
mis-ties
between 2D lines and 3D surveys. lt works in much the same way as the Survey Manager for sorting and viewing data.
-] >l
l
>
You can generate mis-tie sets for the entire survey folder or for different subfolders ln the main survey folder.
ln part A of this exercise, you will analyze and remove the mistie in allvintages. ln part B, you will remove the mis-tie in selected lines.
Part A. Analyzing and Removing the Mis-Tie in All Vintages
1.
ln the
2.
Choose both the 2D lines and the 3D seismic survey and
lnput pane, right-click the 2D /rnes folder and select lnsert mis-tie set.
-<
click 0K.
= = 84.
Prolect SelLp ano Data Prepatatior
¡
;e"€ É4,+e*. -til t;**"" §
A new seismic volume named mig [Bealized] 1 appears in the lnput Pane.
'
-l _l !J [.-
Petrel Geophysics
-
L_
i;r
L_
r¿l
j::l
!.¡l.,.,-l1¡@.-j
L-
The
Mis-tie manager opens as a spreadsheet with
one
entry for each crossing between the 2D lines and the 3D
L_-
survey.
feiÉiffil
:t****",-.,1¡il
L_-
l
L---.
t_ LLr___-¡
H
t-i ari
191 St_ E: la.
i
t-r l-f
Toggle on lhe Vertical and Gain check boxes in the top section of the
lé1
t
Mis-tie manager, but leave Phase toggled
off. 4.
>¿a
t--l
_
l
L-
L L
.
5
Leave the Start and End values as the defaults (they define
the time window or which statistics will be computed between any two crossing lines). Click Gompute mis-ties and observe the values entered into the different columns. Use Constan¡ as the method for calculating mis-tie corrections and click Gompute.
4
L U
I.
P.l rel Geophysics
Project Setup and Data Preparati0n
.
85
r:
ücrrertions
rii¡ Constsnt r
1.
Varisble
Ihe Gain correction and Vertical correcfion columns are filled in. You can edit the c0mputed values in these
columns manually. lnlhe Vertical correction c0lumn, enter - 10 . 0 (10 ms downward relative to the crossing
=
lines) for all entries of slb2. Click Apply.
>_
>
9.
11
You can use and lock different 2D lines by selecting the
:
appropriate check boxes in the Us¿ and Lock columns Use all lines, but do not lock any of them. When satisfied with the set-up, click Realize to generate
b
physical versions of the mis-tied lines. 1?
ln the Realize
mis-tie corrected seismic dialog box,
>
make these selections:
a. b.
Toggle onfhe Scanfor exact amplitude check box. Toggle off the Zero centric check box. Use lnteger '16 bit as Realizatlon quallty.
c. d. Selecf Default vintage.
==
85
.
Proiect Setup and Data Preparation
Petrel Geophysics
I -a
-J I
-l=¿ I
) ¿ 13
Click 0K. These lines can now be found at the bottom of fhe 2D /rnes folder. The realized Mis-tie 3D volume is found at the bottom of the iD seismicfolder.
14. 0pen a 3D window and display the original lines by clicking the first column as shown rn the figure.
o
o -l
--tI
&ffi1 r., *ti§{ '1
r*;? **r_. a1
, -
l*r*feut*-
:r- tt * e *rr*st*{$ i *t*rs eeti **t
5 Click 0K to save and close the Mis-tie manager.
16
--/
the virtual mis-tied lines by clicking the second column as shown in the figure.
Open a Map window and view the points from
Mistie
set,
found in Ihe Mis-tie foldel under fhe 2D /inesfolder. 17. 0pen the Seftings dialog box for the points from mis_tie set.
Petrel Geophysics Project Setup and Data Preparation
-1
.
g7
J
L.
l
.--¡ 10
to. 0n the Style tab:
a. b.
c.
-l -J
Activate the Number annotation. Toggle on the ,Sftow check box. Select a font suitable for display.
lE-l
19
Click 0K
20
Expand the Attributes folder of the Points from mis-tie set and choose attributes to disPlaY.
l¡--a
l-_l ¡.--.
:É?100¡
-l L.-J
¡,--. ] t-.-
?4.16' ^
zoPB, -
n
01
H.lA
g
Iq
I-l h-
8.28 12+30
I-_l
,"d,; uqiq
¡ gñgli,? 15f." Í,
¡--J
t, Ll
I
.J
5i
<
Mao g*s
nB¡e I l{a5itt} L*túi! ¡E
lrÉ#é '{sddfffi _+&¡raffi
0
-
:!10 5{tú ;t!sr0s§41:5süíü§
lffi
F
I tar*¿
nÍ1:..?,r 1 §¡nF¡v.e
= 88
.
Project Setup and Data Preparation
Petrel Geophysics
Part B. Removing a Mis-Tie in Setected Lines Bight-click fhe 2D linesfolder and select lnsert mis_tie
1.
set. 2 3
4
Choose the 2D lines survey only. Select the Seismic Time 1 vintage. Click 0K.
A new set named Mis-tie set 2 is generated and the
Mis-tie manager
opens. Bemove the tick marks for all lines in the t¡se column
except slbl and slb2. Set tick marks in the Lock column for slb1.
E.n **
Co.d.tu lador
13§:
3§,
1351
531:
4tl: 2a1l :¡ti"--5ij;: - 'i¡i, -i;t: ¡á?;--
idb!
sal 7
.
B.
ve&t c.rdon
lg¡r
Use Vertical as the method and click Compute mis{ies.
Make sure Constant is selected and click Gompute. 0bserve that only two entries are present in Ihe Vertical
correction column where the two lines
cross.
9. Vertical correction for slbl is 0 (zero) because this line is 0
locked. Enter -2 0 . ms infhe Verticctl correction column for slb 2 (20 ms downward relative to slbl and )
click Apply.
10. View the result in a 3D window by using the two eye columns in the Mis-tie manager. 1 1. Compare the two different mis-tie corrected versions of slb2 (manually select/clear them by expanding slb2 in the
lnput
pane)"
A mis{ie set is created for the Surveyfolder or subfolder from which it is inserted. All lines in that folder belonging to the selected vintage are displayed in the Mis-tie
manager, including all subfolder lines.
Petrel Geophysics
Pr0ject Setup and Data Preparati0n
.
89
Review 0uestions
.
Why is it important t0 use the correct projection and unit system? Can you import different vintages of seismic data with
different SRDs? ls it important for projects to have the same projection system when using the Reference project tool? What are the benefits of cropping and realizing seismic
:
data?
+
What are the different types of mis-ties that can be computed in Petrel?
E
Summary ln this module, you learned about:
. o . o .
.<
setting up a new project setting project and unit systems loading 3D and 2D seismic data
importing check-shot data
vL
optimizing data by
. . .
cropping
>
realizing performing a mis-tie analysis.
E
90 o Projecl Setup and Data Preparatl0n
Petre Geophysics
I -
2-
Seismic Data Module Visualization will be introduced to the seismic interpretation ways t0 visualize and display seismic data. various interface and
ln this module, you
Learning 0biectives
r:='r r-aü
After completlng this module, you will know how to:
o . . . . . . . o . . .
use the seismic interface and toolbar
display 2D and 3D seismic data set up a seismic disPlaY scale make and annotate seismic base maps make and display composite and ¡ump tie lines use and link multiple windows use color template and palette optimization use the Survey manager use the visualization tools
render volumes in 3D windows
tool lmmersion mode.
use the Light use the
Pelrel Geophvsics
Seismic lnterpretation Preparatl0n
'
91
lnterface
Petrel User The Petrel user interface consists of two main areas, the Display Lesson 1
window and the Petrel Explorer panes.
.
Display window: Displays objects. The objects can
o
different types. You can open any number of windows at the same time and use window tabs to select them' Petrel Explorer panes: Contain all data used in the project:
. . . . .
be
lnput pane: Contains imported and created data. Models pane: Contains created models
E
Templates pane: Contains predefined templates' Results pane: Filters simulation and volumetric results' Processes pane: Contains a Iist of the available processes in Petrel in the order ln which they are t0 be
: ->
performed.
. . ¡ .
Workflows pane. Contains workflows that you insert from the lnsert menu and modify using the Workflow editor' Gases pane: Stores all simulation and volumetric cases' Windows pane: Stores all used wlndows (30 window'
InterPretation wi ndow). Favorites pane: Allows you to customize access to the data and processes in Petrel. lt conslsts of shortcuts to data (lnput pane and Models pane), processes, windows'
> > >
temPlates, workflows, and cases. These features provide access to the functionallty in the Petrel user
>
interface.
. . . . . . 92.
Se smic
lrterpte.arion Preparatior
Toolbar: Dlsplays general tools related to import and visualization.
-
Menu bar: Drsplays familiar Windows menu commands, such as File > 0pen, Edit > Copy, File > Save, and Help >
b
Manual. Function toolbar: Displays tools related to the active process in
the Processes Pane. Object tnformation: Displays information about an Object when you select that object in the Display window. Status bar: Displays the status of the last performed action' Message log: Displays a log of all actions done in a Petrel session. You can toggle it on and off from the View menu'
Petrel Geophysics
E
l,¿ -¡ L_ rl
tr tr
1_ r--¿
l_
L f¿l
L f f J-¿
a-r
--.--{
f I-
ñ
F
v
4 4 a.
¡:
TL
E
i!
rl$.¡-
lnpu§
n §
I
*
L,
ffi Seismic interPreiatian ffi Volume atlributes t$ Surfuce aüributes '{ft Autarnatic fuult extraclion lY1 $,{ake velocitY mndel ,, i j r {r+::: . f =.,+,ii iif lr GeabadY interPretaünn Seismic rr,'ell tie Make restaratian 2D model
ffi fl E
t" $ -; er
i?
-
L--'
1t
o ,r 3t
L: >
{-. L'
§: 1: E E
§
j
B
§ 'rr,
: 94
.
Seismic lnterpretati0n Preparation
l
F L.-
rL I-
L L L l-
J-
J#
Lesson 2 Data
Display Tools Íor ZD and 3D Seismic
-
ln this lesson, you wilr rearn about toors that you can use in petrer to display and interpret ZD and 3D seismic data.
Seismic lnterpretation Toolbar The seismic interpretation toolbar provides easy access to commonry used interpretation tools. lt is available for 30, 2D, and
lnterpretation
windows. You can turn this toolbar on and off by using the in the menu bar.
vibw
menu
These are the available toors in their defaurt order of appearance:
o '
. o a
Active seismic obiect: rndicates the active seismic object. color scale: Disprays the coror tabre of the active sectián and allows you t0 c0mpress (symmetrically), rotate, or alter the opacity.
F¡¡p color table: Flips the color bar. Reset color table: Besets changes made to the color bar. Active property template: Shows the property template of the active section and allows y0u t0 change property templates.
Toggle wiggle and bitmap: Toggles between two VI/VA/ VAVI displays in the
lnterpretation window. lt/horizon interpretation: D isp lays the contents of the active lnterpretation folder in a drop_down list.
Active
fa
u
Choosing a horizon or fault from the list makes it active.
Create new fault/horizon: AIlows y0u t0 create new faults and horizons and add them to the active rnterpretationforder. Toggle on/off all interpretation obiects: Hides or displays all seismic horizons, faults, and surfaces.
Selected vintage: Lists the vintages available for the current intersection. You also can select a new vintage.
Apply selected vintage to visible seismió planes: Applies
.
the selected vintage to all visible intersections. Reset visible seismic planes to original vintage: Resets the vintage of visible intersections to the vintage that is
defined for the displayed intersection.
Petrel Geophysics
Sei.- ¡'rre,p.er¿t o-
P¡epd,or
01.
95
Procedure
1.
-
Using the Seismic lnterpretation Toolbar View > Seism¡c interpretation
From the menu bar, select
toolbar
YiPH
rlt{
r¿n ps
I¿l I
.,sFEa:L-r
:(É
-{ .1,J,
Ti¡¡r
pi¡'y'er
ilirlh:
si r"; r:
5:¡:us
ba,-
i
:r:rls¿r ¡
:cr
:c
r: j h
ar
;rii srieet 5.L'.! Ji:;iÉ,.!,trrali-f.,-:,._,\
I¡:¡hase'cr Seisr:rlc
im.
lr.. .a Li :EJ
?¿;¡¿{
.¡¡jf.¡r
inteipr*i¡tinn :ofl
learch:r:r:lL,ar
!:lil ¡l
É;r.-
:.
:Ll ::.1!
ir_s.
.,
tri¡e
lrericus pan* inpr-:; pane
)b
ffi 2 .) J.
4 tr
jL]tsr
Jrncesles p:ne
prc.i=r:
;5 5hi-: + FE
f:r!-f f:i+1
irlcdÉis tr¿np
Create new faults and horizons. Select a template for seismic display.
Activate and switch between restorati0n models. Activate and sw¡tch between vintages.
ñ.m"....r
5
Procedure- 0pening and Displaying
a Seismic Line in an lnterpretation Window 1. From the Window menu, select tnterpretation w¡ndow. Alternativery, right-crick 0n the seismi, ruri¡0, and serect Create interpretation window.
2.
I
3. 96 o Seismic
lnre,pret"r,ofi[ffi,
Choose an l-line/X-line from a 3D cube or a ZD line from a survey folder. lt displays in-the lnterpretation
window.
&
Select the View mode to ,ou. seismic data or zoom in/ out using the mouse wheel. Right-clicking opens a menu with different options.
=
r:
Seismic nterpretation Preparatisr'r. 97
!
4.
From the process toolbal select between
,.§.§,
.to display
the prevrously displayed seism¡c secti0n. The top sect¡on 0f the Interpretat¡on window displays the intersecting lines. SP and CDP can also be displayed.
&üÉ
L
# 4 4 # ñ & 4 #
5. Flip the seismic line by using ü 6.
L
on the player bar'
Change the color display of a seismic sectlon from the lnterpretation toolbar. J!)!:'
L rj:'r-:i
¡¡¡. L
-,
I
1
!1-§.wi.*,,w{w-*+'**"-***i*
----- .-'-.'t-i'it'{§l
7
4
rtt
Click Llr on the Seismic interpretati0n t0olbar to toggle the wiggle and bitmap display 0n or off To display the next cross-ltne or in-line, press etther Page Up or .
B
Page Down 0n your keyboard. Jump to a particular Iine by specifying the line numller in the General rntersection player.
=
-
Specify the increment that you wish to use t0 jump to the next cross-line or in-line.
= )'
L
* -:
nr!*..:..
.,.,...,....rr.r:.........r..r.:.:...,rri
i#*.*@@#,#,!.
:
*. l. §I&tisñr¿':d*:'t*:ll ¡i;,. -"
:-:i
,,
/ tFIl
l,-t
L
L I---.¡
I--.-r
1_ r-_
f
I
i-t) l I
:,.."1 I
l
,..,,| i l
----
.,]
I I
rl .
aa:r1
t..o,l
i I
I
-..) I
'..1
Petrel Geophysics
Seismic lnterpretatl0n Preparatlon
.
99
>
lnterpretation Window Data Posting To post wellbores and picks, select the check boxes for the wells that
you wish to post inthe Wells folder and the propertres and tops in the
WellTops folder. A time-depth relationshrp for the well must
be
avarlable before the data can be displayed. To adjust the
well path appearance, use the Settings dialog box for the
Wellsf older. To adjust
well posting parameters, use the Settings dialog box for the
ts
respectrve attri butes in lhe We I I attr i b ute s f older. You can display other objects (such as interpretations, faults, and
surfaces) in the lnterpretation window. Choose them in the Input
-
pane"
Procedure 1
.
-
Posting Data in an Interpretation Window
Display objects from the lnput or Models pane: Horizon interpretation, Faults, Wellbores (needs a time/depth relationship), Logs, Well Tops, and 3D grid data (propertres,
E
-b,
edges).
>
-> >:
b
Change the display on the Style tab in the Settings dialog box
for each object. a
J.
ln the Settings dialog box on the Style tab,
lnput settings
subtab for the displayed seismic line, set a distance limit; part 100. Seismlc lnterpretati0f
Preparati0n
Petrei Geophysics
4.
of the wellbore and well tops beyond the llmit are n0t posted. ln the 3D grid settings subtab, set the display style of the 3D grrd data.
§
Settings
t*
for'Xline 580'
3ü intersecti*n pl,rne
r,nFy
:.]
Co[*r
Wid$rjsize
_1
r§
Surfaces:
'sS
ir'Jetis:
1
ffi Seismic: .(; Palygons:
l-_j üepth ntrset
-
As s¡-rt*ce A.s +.,tll
Linost nmn
Style Settings Applied to All Similar Obiects r']r-l Clicking ':Q: on the Style tab applies the settrngs to all objects of the same type that are attached to the same pr0perty template.
Se smic Interpretatlon
Preparatl0n.
t0l
Wiggle Trace When you display seismrc rntersections in an lnterpretation window, you have the option to display wiggle traces. You can access this option on the Seismrc rnterpretation toolbar or from the Style tab in the Settings dialog box for the seismic interpretation when an
lnterpretation window is actrve.
ffi
$ettins§ {*r'flnig'
@
r-t:*
li § ll* ii li li':
lilLl I
I
It htérpúlatl0fl
'n*thrd
ruqnÉ r§, Bilin*ar ':':
li
il,
il I .r:l
B¡rúati,
BilflrBF
,J
=¡+w
'!q'igglsE -.
§ r'
----
.
Bhavr Fril p0tslnv€ h r{r
EBqalJr'á
lntÉr'r Éll
iJt
h'lanuai üainr
E.
l,Viggls *nty di*play 102. Seisnrlc lnterpretation
Preparation
Petrel Geophys cs
+
Lr--{ Laf
L" La{
rLr1:
-.__1
f-ra
ln the Settings dialog box, you have options to fillthe negative 0r p0srtive side of the traces, increase the gain (X scale) of the wiggles, and determine the number 0f traces shown.
Wiggle traces are available 0nly in the lnterpretation, Intersection, and Well sect¡on windows (synthetic seismograms). Toggle off the Show bitmap check box t0 remove the voxel display backdrop.
lnterpolation Methods There are three available interpolation methods.
o
rJ
o
r.--a
¡
None: Renders voxels as original values for the bitmap. The wiggle trace has linear interpolation. Bilinear. Benders voxels by bilinear interpolation for the bitmap, honoring the original values. The wiggle trace has linear interpolation. Smooth: Benders voxels by squared distance weighting for the bitmap, smoothing the original values. The wiggle trace is interpolated by a sync function.
f--¡
1: r--¿ 1: r--¿
Seismic Display Scale for an lnterpretation Window Most interpreters want to set a fixed scale for the seismic display during seismic interpretation. You can select the desired scale in the
Settings dialog box for the lnterpretation window.
1_ r-r¿
L" Eá
l_
r a--f
a
t_ L-<
Petre Geophysics
Se
s-
c'^re.preiario^ Drep¿raro.. 103
Procedure a Seismic Display Scale for an - Setting lnterpretation Window This procedure sh.ws you how to have the same display scale for all seismic lines in the lnterpretation window.
1.
ln the Windows pane, right-click on the interpretation and select Show settings.
iffi,¡n"¿qr.,..
.ffiat:ffiee§
ffi
3D wir,don "
lArr] j
_
:
, ,
:c1..
se::
rL.ts
ñ l:+:: I :'
.
2. I
'
Seismlc Time I _ ]tine ,!XI
[Tyy T] - mÍg
>
!.+x
.
¿i,T¡/ ¿EiÁrhll hi r § rr- : tnterpreta:ian *inday I
:
:
,.
t+
ts
rlcii:ss+ i.-.¡¡¡5¡.,6:
'i ..::a¡il r ¿a-..s ,.É ü .'!.1:¿ rr¡¡= ali
'.
=-
i
Choose the appropriate Xy and Z scale for the trace display.
ffi
Settinqs fsr'lnterprctarlon
I X i'
1'
= L
= l'l ,
= Ymin: .;J.:i..§ Tmax: ! : Unit of
Fight
marorns r
+ -i :..
ÉÉr. ¡ñ1. ¡Lá
-
ri.at l1tii1
l
104 o Sersmic lnterpretati0n preparation
Petre Geophysics
_l
--r
This frgure shows examples of different display scales for the same section.
:::-=
!e:phvs cs
Seismic lnterpretat 0f Preparat 0n.105
Procedure
Displaying Seismic Data in a 3D Window
1. From-the Window menu, select 3D window. 2. CIick on the seismic data to be displayed; it is displayed
in the
3D window as a base/location map. 1{ñ§.?E: -
É
ti
i¡l :li *' l;l
-
::tl r&l :
.a: i I
-;;i."'
*
L:
rii ss§6ir ¡Éawse*¡s
>
I É1 t:r:re, qn¡rr,§t I '? ii]e¡r; itr5rr¿r l,,r,ir-.¡n.¡+ure*;.r,. h.1§r :!r !1*!¡ I 'ei..& i:.: :
:,4:;d
*.:;erhnltillÉ,rfrltlr '.,i ** ¿h::1_kÉ'.-;;' .: q-*
I
:t..&.o*..
" ,l
*I
'':;§ >
'!
Clip plane
-¿l
L
Snap plane position Select plane position
L---{
f
---¡ Selsmic lfterpretat on Preparatl0n
'
109
Displaying Seismic Data in a 2D Window Window menu, select 2D window and click on a 2D lines survey folder in the lnput pane.
Procedure
1.
2. -rj
peirel 201:.1 {fi-bi1: alph! -
JN¡e!r'
-
From the
0pen a 2D seismrc line from a 2D window by clickíng ,'18 in the process toolbar or (K) and click on the 2D Ilne to be opened The seismic line appears in the lnterpretation window.
project - SsÉmi( ¡¡lÉQrulótioñl
?D
e/i*de
1
tAny;
'¡:.
_
i3,
:
r..
i: t:
t; lL ;lj
i: L
l:r
l" t.'
1r
l'
i= ié t; ir
t_
l'l t+. i +..
1...
E t;
seismic line from a 2D wrndow, click on your 3D (make sure that cube is bold). cube
To open a 3D
4.
ln the toolbal these icons are activated
ffim Click one of
them. A dotted lrne appears on the survey outline.
5.
Double-clrck the dotted line to open the sersmic line in the
lnterpretation window. You also can right-clrck 0n the dotted line and select Create interpretation window. 110.
Selsm c lnterpretation Preparatlon
Pelre Geo:'
-------_---4
L
i-
Se,s*
'rLe p,e,a io- P
ep.,.tio-.
lll
Base Maps Seismic rnterpreters frequently navigate through base maps during an rnterpretation. ln Petrel, you can use 2D , 3D and Map wrndows to create and display base maps.
Base Map Annotation in a 2D Window You can turn on in-line and cross-line annotations for3D volumes in a
Draw everlt n'h inline, every n'h crossline option on the Style tab in the Settings dialog box, a base map grid with rn-lines and cross-lines is displayed with the increment
2D wlndow. lf you select Ihe
that you specify.
Ihe kxt evetlt n't' ínlíne, everl) n't'crosslire option displays the in-line and cross-line numbers. Change the size of the text with the
Font size option. Make and display base maps with seismic, well, and culture data in 20, 30, and IVap wrndows. New seismic acquisition plans can be displayed in the base map as culture data. t§lt dr¿lq
2
ia'irl
L-
b-
L-
L.-
112.
Seism c
lnterpretati0f Preparat 0n
Petrel Geophysics
rL l.
i
r.-J
L' L' af-
Procedure
Creating a Base Map 0pen the Settings dialog box of the selsmic survey.
1 2
0n the Style tab, choose the base map annotation parameters that you wish to display. The Style tab is active in 2D and 3D windows.
r
--_
E
§eitings
f*r'IG
:'J,: Shew
lines
ti¡'¡dth:
rrsmes
hrpe: !' li: .jt end: --ci:rt
iines'
AJ
¡
--
-.--J
f
ljne
¡
5h,:r
-
i
-
, :
-
I
v tr€cÉ. J !ho:r number Tlpe ¡ Sh¡rr ti¡km¡rk !i¡e:
l-nrBvery
---¡
-.
tri
i
r
r:-
:
:i
Hide l¡hels mr*nrJing {ont
: :
5P :
I
.i
si:*:
|
i i I I
i
,li irl
3[i sei:n'i+
¿lirr:t¡ti*r
Col+r;
:
5rer,ifie-.:
i*r'¡dih: I
iñP [fiP
-1
É*!i-
Bsse m,:p Énnütütisn
t' Drou elreni ill' j TsJl,:\rery '!*11 F¡,nt ri¡c
i¡
iñline, E'/E+'
-
inline. ever¡
':rosslin*
rr**sline
?
ili¿rce,ttiÉn:
Crl*r:
fu sulj*ct
Iilüfn
-¡ Se smic
l¡terpretat cn Preparat 0n.113
r-G:
Base Map Annotation in a 3D Window You can display a base map view of 2D seismic lines in a 3D window.
The 2D lines can be a coror based on the seismic survey 0r vintage. you also can set the depth of the display (for example, to -1000
ms). setting the depth is useful for displaying the intersecting 2D seismic line directly in the 3D window. You can postthe 2D line names at both ends ofthe intersection and show number annotations as trace, Sp or CDp numbers.
i
There are similar options for posting 3D seismic in 3D windows.
C0iGr:
F!ñt size: Shsvrlin¿s
il,
show rumes
Forerery r
i i'l l.
't¡
V..r¡$hl L¡né
ii.i
SpsciiieC
L
¡{pe:
Al eÍd:
§qlid
Slñd L
l!: ,...?
] §hownumber §hcwnckmark
tiaie: Type:
iail
§lze:
L-
ilid+ labels exeediag {ont size L
:
ts 114. Seisr ..'^terpretoti0..t Prepararior Petrel Geophysics
b-
--¡-
Selsm
c nterpretati0r
Pre!aratl0n
.
115
Procedure
Window
1. 2.
;
-
Displaying Seismic Line Annotations in a 3D
Display seismlc data in aZD or 3D window. Open the Settings dialog box and open the Annotation subtab on the style tab
I
I
I i--
^ +
¡.L-
3. ffi
Choose the preferred opt¡ons for the annotat¡ons. Seaing fcr'?D l¡neC
-L
..,:,1,t:.:-rlili.r:iiii
,L
th ¡= Ftrnt s¡¡e:
§
Shrw lines
llridrh:
fi
Shov+ names
Al md:
Line
ff
Shawnumb*r
F1 §howtirkm¿*
116.
Seism c Interpretation Preparati0n
pkels
t-
¡-_
§pe E
rorevery luJ
l-j
-
tEE: Tvpe: Si=e:
Hide label*emeedingfsnt
size
Petrel Geophysics
lr--
The annotations appear in the 3D window
Selsm c
lnterpretatl0f Preparatl0.. 117
<
Lesson 3
-Seismic you
ln this lesson,
.L*
lntersections
will learn howto create and use differenttypes of
intersections in Petrel. These intersections can be random lines, polyline intersection, composite lines, and jump tie lines.
---¡L-
a
ly Random lntersections in Petrel Handom lines and polyline intersections in petrer are any vertical lines that do notfollowthe full length of an in-line or cross-line. composite intersections are similal but they can combine various 2D and 3D seismic data.
_-¡H
.&._
--< L.r
.L-
You can convert any intersection or line coming from a seismic cube
(in-line, cross-line, random, composite) into a stand-alone 2D seismic line by right-clicking the object in the !nput pane and selecting Convert
.-:<
I..¡
.L-
<
to 2D seismic.
¡--
.L. .1r
l,:i'j**€
irei 'i:==:rii
Procedure
1.
Working with Random Seismic Lines Activate a 3D seismic volume in the lnput pane and a Seismic interpretation in fhe Geophysics folder of the processes pane.
r #rü nrB, & m tntinE 638
q
§nput
m Xline +H] i;§ m ¿=-]?5r
§tratigmphy Gecphysics
ruffi
randomly.
,ffiI.m,Fj lr'6C
hffixrp rñlcl survel
3. 18 o Seismic Interpretation Preparat¡0n
R
.-1 ¡-<
_¡.1
Right-click the seismic volume and select New lntersection
&La z
-z L-¡
_l-
lL.E
plane. A vertical intersection is created that you can align
WE
-z ts
o
i
,.
_--1
l-¡ >-
4
Click Maniputate plane Ia , in tne process toolbar and drag it to a new position. To rotate, press Shift while dragging.
Procedure
Window
-
Rotating a Random Line in an lnterpretation
You can rotate random lines in an
lnterpretation window. Botating
lines is usefulfor aligning them with well paths.
1. Bight-click
the volume of interest and select prefetch to
cache. This command gives you a smoother rotation.
2. Display the random line in an lnterpretation window. 3. ln the Processes pane under Geophysics, activate the Seis mic
4. 5.
Click
the
interpretation
process.
#j iron in the process toolbar"
ln the lnterpretation window, click the reft mouse button and drag the mouse horizontally on the random Iine to rotate it.
Petrel Geophysics
Seismic lnterpretation Preparati0n.
llg
Polyline lntersection data in a 3D window, you must have an object that is used to supply X, Y, andZ reference points (for example, TWT). When entering points for the seismic aligned polyline, the movement of the cursor is restricted to either the in-line or cross-line direction. For the arbitrary polyline, random directions can be digitized. To create
t,-..-..-.i You can rename these general intersections to something more descriptive.
Polyline intersections are composed of two parts: the polygon trace and the vertical seismic intersect¡0n. The polygon trace is stored under the General intersection object in the lnput pane under the appropriate seismic volume.
Procedure
1.
-
Creating a Polyline lntersection
Activate a seismic volume in the lnput pane.
.'/Pro..o"=
iI Lo,: Strabsraphr I a Geophysrcs
I }{if:l-.;:r:=:= 2.
i&'.ig
h-: j=[il::1iI "
!..
¡is,
Display a time slice in a 3D or 2D window and click
J
J
or
to create an arbitrary polyline intersection (digitized in random directions), a seismic aligned polyline intersectlon (in-line or cross-line directions), or a combination of both.
120. Seismic nterpretati0n preparation
-.-----ilfFn--
Petrel Geophysrcs
L
3
Digitize points along a time slice.
4
Double-click to end. The intersection appears and is stored in the !nput pane with a polygon describing the path.
.# 7
mislRedizedl
@ fi [{ @ l_.-- ¡a-
§ lv:
1 To
tntine 635
XUne 47* ¿=-
---¡
¡¡¿
, ry m Gemral ¡nter*diorÉ Fl i-*j ¡rt¡tr*r
tFrbitray polygronl
FGlysDr*
edit the polygon, activate/bold the arbitrary p0lygon
in
lnput pane and the Make/edit polygons process under Utilities.
J.-l
L-
6
Click the show points in Polygon
#
€
anO
Polygon editing
in the process toolbar.
f l
Ir---¡
r---¿
I.--¿
Drag and re-draw the orientation 0f the line. The arbitrary seismic intersectron is updated accordingly.
Selsmlc lnterpretati0n Prepar¿ric¡
.
121
Procedure Gombining an Arbitrary Polyline with Seismically Aligned Segments
-
1.
2.
Activate Íhe Seismic interpretatiol? process. If you are using a 3D window, post an object (for example, trme slice). This is not required in a 2D
3. 4. 5.
window.
a
\-l ^-_l
Procedure - Building Composite lntersections lrom a 2D Base Map Window
,¿l
cross-lines from a 3D cube or 2D lines) are displayed togetherto aid
_l
There are several ways t0 build composite lines. This procedure describes how to build composite intersections from a 2D base map
window.
1.
2. 3. 4. 5. r-#.. tl
6.
:i
t.---...,..-.i
Activate the Seismic interpretation process. 0pen a new 2D window and display all relevant data (for
.Ll ) ¡-
example, 2D sersmic Iines).
4
From the function list on the right side of the window, choose
Select composite section
t0] ..
.
Start clicking in the display window on the various seismlc sections that you wish to keep in your composition. To change the selection, press Delete repeatedly to go back
!
step-by-step. Double-click the last input to close the selection.
Composite selections
are marked in white.
122. Seismic Interpretati0n Preparation
Petrel Geophysics
!
"%.-*--h.
l
Double-click to end the composite. The component is displayed in the Composite folder in the
lnput
f
pane.
Corrposiüe folder
i, i§ f-l
. $ fliC-p-¡:ip_é-;_iü
l-
,
l
Composite line'!
line-::
i§l iE Campasite line 3 u EgrErelrqtste4rylrybi!¡¡Iypslysq{{ry¡sl
k
t!,tsll
Seismic lnterpretatlon Preparatl0n
.,.e--
.
123
_iia-.ñ-_5t!!l! :lr:Jri ii! ilLrln¿a! (t:
Eli 4ü:
i
rt.4r
---,_?-L-_,,.,,1-._.F-
:
!i, 5{l i!: .w
h::it irr
il3 ¡01
t.?.
j ::j
li¡,fri ¡¡ I
:l
:r¡i,lr¡-ir¿:
ol .i, ,l,l',
¡l: i
rrll,i¡e I i!ú¡jgii
ti!-]
:lli
itil
I
124.Se:(-
c
l,
e p e.a. or o epa o-0.
Petrel Geophysics
Procedure Building Composite lntersections from an lnterpretation Window
-
This procedure describes how to build composite intersections from an
!nterpretation window
1. 2.
Activate fhe Seismic interpretatior? process. Open a new lnterpretation window and activate a relevant 2D Iine inside it
n
l§ ti,l CorilposiÉe
k
**ne
I
Y-, Xl-¡ne 5e* [mig] Seismic ?D tine [slb6]
l§ g
right side of the
Se,'^ L ^ "'p'"ró
io
Dpp. ¿ io, .l2E
\< I
-=< I
i
¡ I
< ,L
-a _-L-
--L-
Where there are rntersecting lines (potenttal compositton parts), the cursor appears with a black vertical marker line. lf you are using Compose with crossline (Shift+l) , you can compose only 2D data with intersecting 3D cross-lines. To compose wlth valous parts of the crossing line (the part
.L
extendrng away from you or against you), a comblnation of keyboard inputs is required. To see the full list of available combrnations, go to the Petrel Help and enter composite lines on the Search tab. Various clip and extend composite section
possibilities also are described in the Petrel Help.
126. Seismic lnterpretatlon
Preparation
Petr e1 Geophys
rs
I--
a-
f f
I--¡
--l
Jumper Composite Section Ihe Jumper composite section enables you t0 open 2D seismic lines that are not rntersecting each other. I\4aking a jump correlation is particularly useful when interpreting for regional evaluations.
r.--¡
l_"
Procedure
arr--¡ af f L'
1.
f E f f
7
IL--r
-
Creating a Jumper Composite Section
Display your 2D seismic lines in a 2D window.
aa*t
Ir---¡
I-_-j
r--¡
f
r-#l
Click Select composite section
M
urO click on a 2D line
that you wish to include in the jump tie.
-'-¡
----a
Í'-.--l
r--
Selsm c
lnterpretati0¡ Preparation. 127
_.
E-J .^l
I
J
I
) --!.
3. Draw Jumper compos¡te section &
is activated. Click the icon. Thrs gives y0u an option to select either the entlre or part of the first non-intersecting 2D line.
-',]
¡
-J
I
-l
2
I
-L
l
,) -¡-
4.
Select some part of the 2D line by dragging the cursor on it.
-¿
>-¿ .L
¿ .L
)
i-
-L-
-t-
.L
¡r-
:
5.
Click on this line and jump to another non-intersecting line to whrch you wish to tie the first. >
128.S";
r L^-órpp-dliot oep"aiol
Petre Geophys cs
Seismlc lnterpretation Preparati0f ''129
=J
Seismic Data Visualization and Manipulation Lesson 4
-
=<
ln this lesson, you will learn about different ways t0 visualize seismic data and the tools that you can use to make visualization and
manipulation of data easier and more effective.
_¿
¡-J
Windows Tiling
¡
Tiling 30, 2D, and lnterpretation windows is a powerful tool for interpreting seismic data. You can see the data and rnterpretation srmultaneously and interactively in all windows. lf the same seismic line is selected in all windows, line manipulation is interactively updated in allwindows. You can resize the windows as you wish.
, ¡--.d
^
r--J
.L
A cursortracker is available for each window. When the selected for multiple windows, the cursor location in one window is dynamically displayed in the other windows. Note that this can have an rmpact on performance. Seismic lines are automatically linked; you also cursor is
can link other posted objects.
--¡ .L
;
)
I
+-_)
-Li E § Li @ B ffi @ ffi @ ffi ]E g
)
?l *i¡rlev,, :! r!r,lo* !r,.ai cq
L--J LI
!rlaúc,1
rils:oqram,arrdcrt
)
:¡:EipiE;aa:cs d;¡Llcti
l-J .:-
in:arseciicn lrnrlen,
i/ap*ind¡n lle: rtrdor
)
5:e"ecrer,rir.lci.,
thartirq taindcn WEli se.iiúr hiNilúr,' .. liÉy,!:¡f¡¡dr: irlcl ldfr.lc8
lffil
l:n11Crett-;1-
@
ilrrlisplay aii data
El
,e
!l
-.:t
i
I
¡!j
I
clrr*t'r:.,1!-l:1
!-'
nt_:o¡:ai
,e,:.-a
I
.ts
)
_-_/
l
h,
:l
a,-l
lIlJ r¡s¡a.!e I
I
: il rliidEr,,1 iircLp::"] :.{¡Jl I :ir t;irdox:,,.¡cup:1l aÁ¡yl : j.:erpie:a:rcñ *irc1cr, I lGrtup:l] illtr'¡ - ñiq
J - lÉisrrr.
-iirrE
1-
I:i¡e 4;ü
I
_-l
I
130. Seismic lnterpretati0n Preparation
Petre Geophyslcs
)
Dual Screens lf you have two monitors, you can resize the petrel main window so that it can be displayed in both monitors, which allows additional screen space to display data. For details about the recommended hardware for using Petrel on dual screen setups, contact local support through the Schlumberger Support Portal at support.slb.com.
Windows to Visual Groups Linking The option to link windows to visual gr0ups is very useful during interpretation. lt allows a simultaneous similar display of the data in
different windows.
when objects are posted in one window, they are displayed in the other linked windows. when you change the display of objects in the active window the other linked windows are affected. 0bjects posted in multiple windows can have parameters specific to each window. For example, you can post wellbores in a 3D window using a pipe and post the same wellbores in a 2D window using a dashed line. Petrel manages each object in each window independently.
Petrel Geophysrcs
Seismic Interpretati0n Preparation.
l3l
Procedure 'l-.-.'j
Visual Groups
Linking Windows to -Windows pane, open the Settings dialog box for each
1.
ln the
2.
displayed wlndow and select Linlred to visual grolry Choose Flrst from the drop-down list.
ffi
Settlfi§s
f*r
'3D !.*fidoú, 1 aAñyl
i-;:::
l{6 r*o .!i:. i:iU 9::i5.1-= 3D «ind6$Name: 3D«i
Cclor:
I Af
1
*ndo*
ffi
Visual group
'd:
Linkedt0 Y¡süal grüuF
Sssnd Thnd FGUrth
Activate 0ne w¡ndow and select an 0bJect in the lnput pane. lt L
L
:L
L
l-
Click
Cursor tracking to
see the cursor position in all
wrndows. 1.,:lr..,
132.
Se smic Interpretatl0n Preparati0¡
l
rlr
-4x ,
r,
:
Petre Geophysics
When objects are posted in one window, they display in the other lrnked wrndows. A change in the display of objects in the active wrndow effects the other linked windows. 0bjects posted in multiple windows can have parameters specific to the wrndow. For example, y0u can post well bores in a 3D wlndow using a pipe and post the same well bores in a 2D window with a dashed line. Petrel manages each object in each window independently.
Windows to Coordinate Groups Linking You can link two 0r more 3D or
lnterpretation windows with a camera
so thatwhen you 200m, pan, and squeeze the objects in one window, the action is synchronized in the llnked windows. You can display
different objects in each window. When you click the Camera icon, the names of all of the windows that are linked together are updated.
Petre Geophysics
Selsmic Interpretation Preparation o 133
lir:**"*:ri II
'*:r:
I -*i
Procedure
[inking Windows to Coordinate Groups 1. ln the Windows pane,".a-gtivate the window to link. 2. Click Gamera linking tH (0ru or 0FF) in rhe menu bar. 3. Bepeat steps 1 and Z or other windows of the same type.
4.
f
Activate one window and pan, zoom, and squeeze its seismic content. 0bserve the other windows
xli
-S¡ a$!i4*
IL
HL
{i,t§w
i@, -.-..LF*§*,,._.É.j:,r.;..
. +lts
-ñiJ
-É¿* 4*,
5n$
IL
94.1
JNL
"
$*
ir''e-e
"¡.¿L?,:, q3,¿iif,
-
,
* )
L-l
_-J
-j _] !¡
Synchronized Camera Position for 3D Windows To synchronize
the camera position for several3D windows, y.u must link the windows by using the camera linking tool. use this tool to link two 0r more 3D windows together so that ány mov.m.nts or
rotations are mirrored in all linked windows. you can display different objects in each window.
_l
-J
_l
l
LJ 134.
Sersmic lf
terpretatlof preparation Petrel Geophystcs
{h
E-J
Procedure Windows
1.
-
Synchronizing a Gamera Position for 3D
ln the toolbar click the Gamera Iinking tool that the 3D window is active.
.ffij
Make sure
The text (Camera link) appears after the name of the 3D
window.
2.
Actrvate the next 3D window and click Gamera linking. The windows are now linked and any movement, such as
rotations, is reflected in both windows, simultaneously.
Petre Geophys cs
Seismic l¡terpretatl0n Preparatl0f
.
135
E-L
Seismic Ghost Gurve Use the ghost curve to create a small bitmap of reflectors 0n a seismic
line. You can move the ghost curve area to other parts 0fthe same se¡smic line or other seismrc lines to compare signal patterns and
identify the same horizons across a fault. When you create a ghost, it is stored inÍhe lnterpretation window folder in the Windows pane. The seismic data and the ghost in the
lnterpretation window share the window display.
ÉL i: L-.-
-ito,
can have as
many ghosts as you wish,
but it is recommended that you periodica ly clean up the ghosts.
L.
lf you click the ghost in the lnterpretation window, the ghost is activated in the Windows pane. lf you click the seismic data displayed in the lnterpretation window, lnterpretation 1 under the I nte rp retati o n wi n d ow f older is activated. ln practice, this means that you can have different settings for the ghost and the seismic data in the lnterpretation window. For example, you can display the ghost with wiggles 0r another attribute while displaying
the seismic data in a conventional mode. From the Windows pane, you can toggle the ghost on or off, delete the ghost, and access the settings. When the ghost is bold/activated, you
L
L-
L-
lL L
can change the display options for it.
L
lL l*
L
É
L
E b-
F L 136. Seismlc lnterpretation Preparati0n
Petrei Geophysics
L
*--
.".
,.
ill¡FF
_*
*-
ar-.
I.
Procedure
1. 0n the
I-..-.-
r_r_-
Greating a Seismic Ghost" Curve toolbar ctick Seismic Ghost
f}
,-} .
...:
I--<
1LL--
2.
Draw a rectangle over the seismic line
l3
I\love the mouse inside the ghost area jn the
-_-
interpretatron window and click with the right button The rmage inside the ghost is updated with the seismic
r.-
I'
beneath it.
f f f
--_-
-,__-
r-_-
L
a.
-
I---r
--,-¿
L. L. L.
3. Drag the Ghost to the part of the line you wish to correlate. 4. To stretch and squeeze, position the cursor on the edge, then 5.
click and drag. To rotate, press Ctrl + Shift.
-¿
II-
-1
.
-
Seismic lnterpretati0n Preparat cn
.
ú
lntersection Style Settings
r-Él:
ii
i.-----l
Working with ZGY data in Petrel can enhance visualization and performance.
.
The lntersection subtab is similar for SEG-Y and ZGY data; however, s0me settings are n0t act¡ve for both formats. These setting are avarlable on the Style tab, lntersection subtab in the Settings dialog box for the seismic data.
.
lnterpolation method: Displays the seismic section with sub-sample appearance. Smooth is the default selection, but y0u can display intersections without interpolation (to see seismic sections wrth original sampling interval, blocky display,
l-
or bilinear interpolation). Enhance intersection resolution: Active for SEG-Y data only. This option is purely an interpolation of the seismic data set.
-
There is no added data, but the result gives a smoother looktng seismic display. Note that texture memory increases, on
L
.
low-end computers, this can slow down visualization. Enable zone and segment fllters for intersections: Works for seismic volumes that are attached to a 3D grid. This optton
>
.
allows you t0 use segment/zone filters on the intersection. Enable bump mapping: Gives an artificial display of the seismic sections where light and shadows enhance the events so that
lL._
they appear as bumps on intersections.
]L
.
¡)>
E L ]*
r LL---
138. Seismic lfterpretatl0n
Preparation
Petrel Geoph,
,
I-
rf ---¡
Setti*gs far'mig'
S
f L-
{r
J-,-t
Styl€
:,*'BÉsÉñEp'annotsüon
Tl{
a--l
I
S€tnngs ¡re in"eriEd ñom psrentlotder
--t Visusli¿a!iün
iilers lqr tntéasEciifi
lfl MBx
EneblE k€ñsparen§)¡ for intÉrssition§
rÉsolution §, Full
P erfo rm anc i.?-.1
ns
,
hladiunr
e
Ftsst sssnó mpuemeht
DBeimBüoh whrle dregging TimE tD
wsitfor data
']JTI '
Pefe
Geoph\/sics
50jl
Selsmlc lnterpretation Preparation. 139
Settings Dialog Box for 3D Seismic Data in a 3D Window 3D seismic These optrons are available in the settings dialog box for data ln a 3D window. Enable transparency for lntersections: works in conlunctron the opacity curve found on the Colors tab Typically' the
-d
_!-
o
i-¿
with
crossover, 0r zero values, are made (partly) transparent'
.Maxresolution:Controlsthemaximumresolutionusedfor display.lfmediumresolutionisselected,thehighresolution
5
seismicdatawillnotdisplay.WhenusedwiththePreJetchto cacheopfion,amedtumsettrngmeansthatnolevelofdetail
t-.-
atlevel0(highresolution)willdisplay.However,ifthevolume is used to compute a new one, for example with the Seismic
al
calculatorortheVolumeattributedialogboxes,thenthe
.
full resolution is used.
=
smooth Enable compressed textures: Shows a slightly less the seismic display at the lntersection This option compresses
Is
seismic data before lt is sent to the graphics card The
compressionisnotlosslessandshouldnotbeusedfordetalled many 2D work. This optron is especially useful when displaylng
-
L-'
lineslnthe3Dwlndowbecausetheoptronreducesthetexture
¡
[-
memory usage. you move a Decimate when dragging intersection: When on the factor based slice selsmic the seismrc slice, decimates you browse lets factor that you select. A high decimation through large volumes by looking at a less mem0ry intensive
¡!.
.
level of detall. when you Fast scene movement: Maximizes the performance
l>
.
rotatethescenewhiledisplayingseismicdata-Thisoption acttvates lhe Time to wait.fbr data conlrol' Time to wait for data: Controls the time the seismic
->
¡_
intersectionisallowedtowaitfordatabeforemovlng0nt0a
L.
new Position.
L_
t* f40
.
Petrel Gecp"
.:
Se smic lnterpretation Preparation
-._----.-d
--
E
ra l...ir-i
SÉttíngs are rnhe.iled liom pBrentfoidei
,f^lone
'
i r EilirÉar
,6 Smooth
ErihÉoreiIiertecl¡4nrÉ5.rilriia]n
Verticat: f -i.
.J
Hori¿ontsl:
li
V,su 3lizarion
Enabl¿ zdne :ind segn*¡i lritEr:1 i.r{ ¡.rl!:¡.:¿iiinr:f Eneble !rump mappinE BumF seEle
:t'.
Fast scene movement
De.imatisn while draEging Time to h'aitfor datá
i.i 0
Seismic nterpretaÍ 0n PreDarat 0n.141
Meta Data Tab and Geometry Tab The Meta data tab contains the processing details of the seismic survey in the project" You can specify the details manually. The Geometry tab displays the geometry parameters of the survey. you can assign geometry to the survey from another survey using the
Get
from Selected button.
:
Refer to the Petrel Help for details on the these 0pti0ns.
ffi
Settings far'mlg'
;-'-- --:
:t.-:t
'-:
t::ta::: i* . ltvF- i&- t"rq l-* SEG.Y*lhns
-l-r'
i
s¡clr+q. caro* operarffi o_q,",** -Epuiryl'Ouot,ty'ur|o,to L O99_r"u, tr.taOuta ,üp*iry I Q@trty€ilab'xs lercpfe-., e*pf*
:Ll ;.,J
il Acquisition aate, ¡lliz¡:+srji *ur"*ou, pl'.."j¡
;FrY::l . *;;:-" ir li
srr"r.
a.trii"
-
.._..
t/pe Ful, q¡qte ldeoreesl Stack
I
. -.- -
iE, 3e" iE
I
i..i --ilil
:-
ii :
i
I
[deg.ees]: '-----.*Steps
Azjmuth
i
I
Processins detaits
lr
', ,.
I I
l:
I I
il',
L'' l*..
]
[.oo"i
11 ,ll
I
Sra¡c corected [!-l'11 l. stu, lll:.Stdcked
D[.o corÉcred l.| _,or,rr . NMo.otecied 1\M( , l.li i sour
lr il
-
li
il
, ¡ i
;
l
too
li: qa,
ilil
lr
I
ii__.,_.*I
I
¡E-
I42.
Seismic lnterpretation preparati0n Petre Geophysics
É
L
L
L I--r
SEG-Y Settings
l-¿
L-
f f
0n the SEG-Y sett¡ngs tab for a seismic object, there is a list of the loading parameters as well as binary and ASCII (EBCDIC) headers for the file. You cannot edit any 0fthe c0ntent on this tab, buty0u can see the header of the seismic data that y0u are w0rking on.
-
-,
&
li&*.@§
se*B.r* ri*'
asrl@'.&l§*
.@gáft*
hI.óB
¡i
:*'
!s 4a{
r0! rir!
r-. -,t'¡i, . iñ..-,!-¡:sl§.ic**ny i **r*uu* ip*u¡* i
.*a &r1 ft{is:rt§c rsr (!6 *flt rÉr*!-{ n@wr4Pr[5iE{t {ü§ §*}L{ rr& fr511tn( rf
^
-,
f t_ f
§l €§h3ú§pM *i 4l 1i ¡
I-
I
Álgy
.
I--d
shp
É*
$*r sqh&]e
k. há&i
á¡.ry .¡§¿k Pdsñ e8t ñ!ñbt,
r.eñffidrd€turer 3S 4*si il§rrk tude, ASp&§i I iódróa& x.ed&* Ydúabmd 8)épd¡§n co#r4d
Y
Y
¿ndrl@
F*r Fd'é fru*
&ar6
i
i :
i
Fd*5
u1
§¡É{&#li¡b9{'
l
!blre{¡¿ó¡i,i€!i,
.
r r
:li
c:n
w¿: !si'r¡É 3!3re p:¡ ",",."-* clf¡le !§i§ ElLrprji! st¿ *éri.¡r nilra::
r3l sr*
r¡k !.{e, i: ¡l
L--
t*-
If -=-
II-
=
L -É-1
L l-
Survey Manager Use the Survey manager to sort and manage seism¡c data in Petrel. You can controlthe parameters for 2D lines as well as 3D volumes,
including the number 0f traces, vintage, file path, and storage type, and sort and move data into folders.
§
suruey manager
-1
Mis-tb set 1 28
li
i
You also can use the Survey manager to visualize data.
Petre Geophys cs
'- ¡a
C
L.Ió próto :0, D opo
d ¡ .1¡13
=
laE §jL¡li s
trE@E
tr
i
tr
Lryl Lal
t_-__
I
r_a.J
iH Fi i-rl Élld
tr
tr
rin riEl G] l§:
trmEn
Ei :.;
ftEi
Show setting dialog for selected seismic Search for Seismic rn the Survey M Turn on
/ off the selected
seismic in current window
Toggle visibility of the selected seismic in the current window
Delete the selected seismlc
Clear filter setting
Move selected seismic to another sub-folder Real ize selected seismic
Vertically shift selected seismic Set vintage on selected selsmlc Set template (color table) selected seismic I
Scan or set mrn and max amplitude on selected seismic
L
Vertically crop and declmate traces of selected 2D Seismic
Settings for the Survey Manager Sort by double-clicking on the column name. You can make the columns wider or narrower by dragging the column boundaries. Click on the top left corner of the spreadsheet t0 select the entire spreadsheet for copying.
L.
l-
tt144. Selsmic lnterpretatiof
Preparation
Petrel Geophvs
r:
E
fl
f f I--r
Procedure Using the Survey Manager to Sort and Manage Seismic Data
-
I¿
1
.
2.
Right-click Seismic main folder and select Survey manager Click the Select columns to display in Survey manager icon
to control the appearance of the spreadsheet.
J-,4
r_r_-
,§ id f"!lj§
iry;t
i§,iil.trl$ iBii$l
§
iü
i.&l i!{,1 i§l Oo@ar fme
1
lrmpbt
--
f
rrJ
f
---
I 1 a 1 ---
II=-
-_-
i2a
.Ii-' '*'--'----
1
i2t 1zz
"ita
i?3
siiú
i¡¿
r*;;:x"
"r*¡:a
ü
;rA
j¿5
l:i a,2?
II-
L" fI-a
1. #
T r-Í
'-,
Gecphysics
Sói
L
.lerflre"'¡' o"p"":or
o145
3
Choose columns to display.
§l
Colurn* sefe¿tian Visible Nam¿ I sumev j
&
..
\linraae §ub folder Dsmain TYPe
Template I Direclion , #l rnes # Traces
# §amples Éample interual i Firsi §P
i-t t::i il I lt: .l
LasiSP Fi.sl CDF Last CDP lt ".1 X min
r,;-l
lll
l
,l
il-l xmax il:' lYmin
,i , Yma Z min
Zmx Fúrmai File size StorasÉ Min amplilude l"ilax amplifude §túraqe lype F¡iÉ palh
l-
Aüibute
1i 'lemplá'le lü¿k 0risinai CÉS §eÍsric line idsntiÍer
t
üeümeEy line nañe i GEüftetry linE
L
idedilÉt
r¡.
L
-
E
E
t 146. Seismic Interpretation Preparatlon
Petrel Geophysics
E
If--J Procedure Manager
-
Searching for Seismic Data in the Survey
1. Click Search tool for seismic in the Survey manager to display the search engine. 2
Enter the complete name 0r a part of a name in the Find what field. The search engine starts at the top of the Survey
manager and searches for files that match your search criteria. Use these options to narrow the search:
o o . o o 4.
Match case: Takes into account both upper- and lower_ case letters and searches for files that match the case of your search criteria.
...t..
lli¡".*-,§,ft
t -ff:j
1..,:..'j
;*r
-,
,lL
-- -i
lhe search is valid
only for the items visualized in the Survey manager. Therefore, if you apply the
folder filter, then only the sersmic data within the visualized folder is included in the search.
Match whole name. Searches for the full name of the file. Search up: Starts the search from the bottom of the
Survey manager and searches
up.
Find next: Highlights the next name in the Survey manager I¡st that matches the search criteria.
Select all: Selects all names in the Survey manager that match the search criteria. Click Close to close the dialog box.
Data Selection in the Survey Manager You must select data in the
delete it, 0r move
itto
survey manager before you can display it,
a folder. There are severalways to select áata
for these tasks To
select only one seismic data file, click on the corresponding
row/line in the Survey manager. To select several seismic
files simultaneously, select one line and press Shift, then select another line. All seismic data between the selections are highlighted. To select specific files, select one line and press Ctrl, then select another line. Both selections are highlighted. To select
all files, click on one of the header columns.
Pe,'el Geophysics Seisrnrc lnterpretation Preparati0n
.
147
I
Realizing Selected Seismic Data in the Procedure Survey Manager
-
1.
Select the seismic data t0 be realized in the Survey
managef
2. 3.
.
Clrck Realize
seismic data
:§
-¿ :=¿ _/ -¿
_l ¿
._1
l
Choose the preferred amplitude range and realization
quality in the dialog box that opens. Petrel realizes the selection rnto a specified folder.
-¿ .-¿
_-¿
Seismic Data Visualization using the Survey Manager You can select and vlsualize seismic data from the Survey manager. The sortrng mechanlsms rn the Survey manager make it
-¿ ¿
,,'-¿
easier to frnd the relative data and visualize it.
.
i {§"-l
i.f{,:Turn on the selected seismic in the current window to visualize the selected seismic data in the Click
active window. Keep rn mlnd that vrsualizrng a large number of 2D lrnes in the 3D window mrght stress the
-1
graphics card. Click Turn off the selected seismic in the current window t0 remove the visualization of the selected
-a
sersmic files in the active window.
':'-
*
-1
.§. j Toggle visible
of the selected seismic in the current window to lnvert the view for the selected Click
I
sersmic data.
Data into Folders
Moving Seismic and manage seismic data efficiently, you can create and
Procedure To organrze
L
move data into subfolders from the Survey manager.
tJ
1. 0pen the Survey manager. 2. Select seismic data an-d.9!_ick Move selected seismic to
You can create
iH,:
subfolders in the survey folders by right-clicking on the Surveyfolder and selecting lnsert new
another sub-folder i--':l
folder. You can drag seismlc data from lnput
3.
Data into the folders.
148. Seismrc nterpretation
fr¡*-'
Preparation
¡,-
E-
.i
A new dialog box opens where you can select a folder to move the data into. lf no subfolder exists, y0u can create a new subfolder rn this dialog box. If a subfolder already exists, click in the parent field for the Peüel Geophts.!
1aL-
selected line in the Surveyfolder t0 select the data io
--¿
move tnto a Predefined folder.
rr.___-J
---¿
f
I*¿
r_--¿
a-
Changing the Template for Multiple Procedure Entries in the Survey Manager
managef
f f f
,
Click L9$i Set template (color table) on selected
seismic. Select the appropriate template from the dialog box that 0pens.
4.
Display the seismic data with the new colors.
Color Manipulation
f-r
Most objects in Petrel are tied to a template. A template ts a comm0n object consrsting of an icon and a color table. This sectl0n focuses on color manipulation related mainly to seismlc data.
ft
t
I-.-¿
,r,-
iV*t
--j
Í
r
1. Select the objects and drag them lnto the Survey
3.
f L
:
When you attach multrple seismic objects to a new template, all selected objects are updated.
2.
rL-
iil¡ri
All seismic objects in a prolect are attached to color templates that you can change rn the Settings dialog box for each of the objects.
-l-¿
I---..
*:¡1i i¡i i:1 it:! tit
Color Palettes The defautt color template used for selsmic data in Petrel is the Sersmrc default template. Positive amplrtudes are displayed rn red and negattve amplitudes are displayed in blue. By default, Petrel estrmates the mlnimum and maximum amplitudes for the visualized se rsmic.
You can modify the colors for the seismic object easily in the Colors tab rn the Settings dialog box. You also can change the color
templates
rn
Peirel l:eophysics
the Templates Pane.
Seisrnlc nterpretat 0n Preparali0¡
'
149
\J _F.
¿¿ ¡i¿
Greating a New Golor Template
Procedure
1. Go to-the Templates pane and expand the Seismic color fables f older.
r
ffi
: ffi
1#'rp#y'f[-c.8n-es§.1-§-
Eü
y_-¿
¡Teun*aeo/;cr
El L:l §rúi+?i
,t'*,ite &/iie
I il #ádr,ffiiri'e ÉI{,re fiers/ I {:-l als¿,qsrrcl,l.1,i1ib @[ eñase ffili'-i
FÉase&snd
@
Frsq{re/rcl. t¡a,se¡redse¡sJ
ü El ü @n
jr¿
v
-,',¿
o,¡' @ |1 x*mr*n
&l
il
@
Ü
E
im ir
ffi
,M rM !M !M tM I ffi rffi rM .. & i, M ¡M )M l. M :, ffi ¡! & , fil t, il: i, ffi
l
-.1 L.d
É{e--qj
Serb*lri ca/É!¡b&/es sÉrsr?rbfde&ir{J He¿¡.¡*t¡e¡¡ae
El n El l:
J _F¿
lr¿
"4*sraeaa¡ !-J ,4¡rrlrac*r¡g¡ §ü¡ÉcÉsültrb¿de Geür¡rP.f¡bslfÉrrF/a¡,ss
=-/ Y
{,-e*p*ysrbe/ternplates Fe&oprlysrba/ter*Pla/es Fáu/fprüFer¡yfFj?lP/ete§ l/s/ür?e fe,.rrp/EtF§ Hre/i tro6te*rp/etEs
LJ
,!
.3&/sgfÉrrp/sfes &rbcreti* lrc#logrlenrgJafes Corapfe$ol:sttsrrP/ele-s Fraslufbr¡ÉFrrEnlsl§s üricrerbprqPedYÉÉrñP/st§s ta¡r$i¡¿¡ol¡s¡iacÉ¡r+propedyfempy'afes
k
[]¡icrefafacrtnepreperfyfi-'rl¡P/'3ies {r-esrl?ecÁár?ie felqp/afss FetsrJelnrsysá*rnslbnip/als§
l--
ilpr¡S¡r¡¡sffseslprll*r¡¡plafps ürbrrerts o#erflelrrplafes Safrrn¡s $,fe//see*bnlP"mpdafes
F
FepoÉternpy'atefrlder
E-
E-
r 150.
Sersmic Interpretati0n Preparati0n
Petre Geophysics
L-
2.
Copy and paste the Seismic (default) template. A new template is added with the name Copy of Seismic (default).
Se¡s*zir xolartables
Errffi Resrrt*e**re
§; @;
El I*i
Rean*i,raeá{acx,8.o,n
wfiire
blse
" xe{*ttebtue{ta*s} l; § J #farf greyr,,vfitre @; r*ase
'¡""¡*'"'¡
f,j',,.'. lÉl .-1 rregüeficy § i-; fsrarce{sersj
Eli:
¿¡,p
@ Jl Á¡lr¡?¿¡J¡r @ fi ,4rerua*bn
&
11 ,4rrrracÉrllg
El
!:
@
i:
S¿¡rfeez a#r:buÉE
q"jy siqsEryEi:{cf"y!{.
lmport and Export of Color Templates To import color templates, right-click the Sersmic color tables folder in the Templates pane and select lmport (on selection). Export color templates in the same way as any object and select the
correct format.
Color lnterpolation Models The continuous color table in Petrel has different settings for color interpolation of the color scale. ln general, the HSV(Max)
interpolation setting gives a color scale with a maximum number of colors. The HSV(Min) and BGB settings give two slightly different color scales with a minimum number of colors between the maximum and minimum colors that you select. For more information, refer to the
Petrel
Help.
Seismic interpretat on Preparat 0n
.
151
-_i-
i§o**G
rc
Procedure
Editing Color Palettes
1. From-the Templates pane, double-click
the template Copy
of Seismic (default)and g0 to lnfo tab in Settings dialog box to edit the palette name.
tt
-*
_§ ar
Settings for 'Copy of Seismic {def¿ult}'
-:¡to the Golors tab to edit the colors.
2
Go
a
Click
J.
flf
5
?§§
fL
and drag it to change the balance of the palette
Semngs tcr'Btack Yeilcrs Red":'!¡,¡§¡,:.
I I
¡^ -<
L-
--¡.
I
Max ffi
ll -¡r-'-'r LI]14]
mi ñl tH)t
LE]I
HSv{Max}
f,::l L¿.¡I
i
i-: Hsvluin¡ ,§l nce
Lü] i_ii l"il
Lnrphssrze
lfi
I
llr;li
§olor interpolaiion:
,*
I
¡---r
l''i(
Hon linear gradient
- '-ü" -
Mi
ffil :t:
¡-
-L-
L-
LI-]i
\,!--
:::jl
I
,{rr Irllil ¡¡in
E-
i{
0paci§ 4
152 o Seismic Interpretation Preparation
rz
l-
_l-
l"li
ftl Irlil
t{§§,...'...'.,'}
a
_L-
i
f{-,ieqsJ
t_¡.
ttH
l*l:le..'.,j
Petrel Geophysics
t-
L r_---
Go
to lnfo tab in the seismic cube Settings dialog box to
change the template.
r_-.
L'
r_-
L-
L I--.
dJ
Eleletiengener8l GEnetsltime -Thickoss depth Tvf :rúe vett¡cal thickñess TsT -rre sttEttgrsphtc thEkness rhrúknessltnle
I-_-
l-
j zI ¿
r_-
¿l
a_-
f f I.
lhrrkness ?en+rsl
§1
BrownwhitebluÉ Red u¡hrle biu-. ltransl Elsrk qÉy wh ie Phase PhEsÉ frr8rsl
I¡
Il
§J
:I
L_......
J+ riequ§flfil
§[
Varisnce {seis}
¡I ll
A¿iml¡rh AttEnL,§tlcn
31
AntirsckinE
ál
I__
Lt_
3l g
up
SuÍBrenttribut€
Jii.it i;al il;§t !!r¡!-;liÉ; ñDJ ¡lessuÉC,iepth Drst¡nce
I-
f f L. f
df
. i:r:irlra aai;it liiit! lI Seisnric fCelsutri tl Reawhitsniue 3I Recwhrtebtack
Á
-1
--,--
--1
--,-
f. aa-l
--1
Color Tables You can apply the color manipulation from the settings
of a2D
seismic line to other lines. choose 0ne 0f three levels of c0lor tables in the Colors tab.
o .
Local: changes are appried 0nry t0 the specific seismic rine. Survey and vintage: Changes are applied to all objects that belong to the assigned vintage and use the same template. Other objects that use the same template but are assigned
to other vintages are not affected. Petrel Geophysics Seismic lnterpretati0n Prefrarat
0n.
,l53
-J l,-J
.
I-l ^
Global: Changes affect all objects that use the same template regardless of the vintage.
Change Local and Vintage tables on the Colors tab; change the Global table on the lnfo tab.
LJ
¡.¿
_l
¡-J
h*
:l
i* #!"r"r*t
L.
:J t¿ :J
L.,.r
:l^l
Y-a
t--J Golors Tabs To specify
the color settings for a specific object, toggle on the
Override global property template check box on the Colors tab forthe object. lfthis check box is toggled off, the settings are inherited from the global property template.
:J t-r _^-l
¡¡.d
0n the Colors tab, you can modify the colors, the scale, and the opacity level curve. When you click Apply, the 0pacity tab and the displayed windows are updated accordingly. The color interpolation methods are described in the Petrel Help.
^J
l
l--J
l-.J
J 154.
Se smic InterpreLat 0n Prepa,al 0n
P..t*l
G.".hr*
1--d -l
-l
I--J
f-
E -{3
7rF
r--J
f I_f f
F
:s 789;6
-r -,li ir;l¡-
-L-J
6n&
§-
r
5S&-
n E
f,
d0fr
*3,rF
!r*J
--___r
f f f
|
Ir,__r
--J
I
-----)
Add/remove colors Change color interpolation
method. Update (min, max) values. Make discrete intervals. Define opacity level curve
= =
= Se sm c lnterpretatt0n
Preparati0f.'155
f I I ..
0pacity Tab Any change that you make in the Opacity tab is immediately applied in the displayed window and in the Golors tab. You do not need to click Apply.
:.J
lL-
:J
:l-J
5.,¿
L.¿
^l i¡--
L.-) lr'J -)
t-a ^l
t.¿ ^-l L-f
:-l l-J _l k-+ry-..l lff[...--.] faqr,l'q',-l
:
Er
_l
t¿ 156. Seismic lfterpretati0n
I i
ff-.,..-
Preparation
Petrel Geophysics
_¿ F.r
L.
Visualization Tools r this lesson, you will learn about the visualization tools that
Lesson 5
you
can use to display seismic data in Petrel.
Volume Rendering Volume rendering is a srmultaneous display of all data withrn the seismic volume. Making the volume partly opaque and partly rransparent allows you to identify hidden structural and depositional f eatures. Depending on the size of the seismic cube and the
tiii
computer BAN/, it is a good idea to use a cropped volume forthrs
data.
T
:.
---..--i Volume renderinq is
possible only for ZGY data
format cubes. This format allows you to render large
TOCESS.
Select the Volume render check box to activate the volume renderrng feature and toggle on the volume in the Input pane.
Ilte View aligned s/ices
optton gives the best results wtth large
data, because of rssues with oraphics cards.
reire
Geophys cs
Seisrn
c
fterpretatr0n Preparat of .157
fr¡,*-§i if: §S
ii;
i.,::,,irt:l,i
Using Volume Rendering
Procedure
1. 0pen-a 3D window and select the realized 3D cube in the lnput
pane.
!:f
2.
ffi . i mis {Realieed}
ln the cube Settings dialog box 0n the Golors or Opac¡ty
tab, draw the oPacitY curve.
Colrr i¡térpola¡Dñ:
a I Hsvih¡axl .' HSv ir,finl ,§¡ RGÉ
l
i-t
¡i N0n l¡near sradiÉilr
l_s_l
rJ
H la
_l
tca
l
lFl r;I l-/ I
m ,8 1:I
F.
r-:l
l:E
i
iltl-'l lLli
¡¡,;¡1'r#*'j
158. \e s-,1 ,..e p
t¡-
pr¿r 0't Preoarati0r
aG*i
,-l
Petrel Geophystr:
1aaa" ----1
$
Setings 1*:'miq ñea1¡.fld1
t'
-^---1
-.--------¿
-.-----{
r_r_-'----¿
-*-.¿ E--¡
f
-,-;
0n the Style tab, Volume visuallzatlon subtab, select Volume render to drsplay amplitudes specified in the opacity curve.
Petrel GeophVslcs
Seismlc nterpretali0n Precaratio¡. 159
; r.€ !nt+me*tien
it't
lffi
Yalumevisualizeti+n
#
ry,§§lsi
i
Volume walls
;
:, I Nsrmal (,lnsrdP
.'jd l Enable transpar*ncy for
r*ralls
j#; Vclume rend*r
§' D"t
1*¡
align*d slices
i',,
\¡iEw aligned slisÉs
Ii
l,lunrber of slic*s for entir+ seismic rolume
I Hide franre,iannütali*n in vierting
; -1
^,-¿
mlde
:.¿ )
-l --¿ ]
>_J
F-
-l ]
t-.¿
Volume Wall 0ptions 0n the Volume visualization tab, y.u have these two .pti.ns f,r
displaying the volume walls:
o o
Normal. Displays the walls of the cube in a seismlc box. lnside: Displays the walls with a view of the volume from
the inside. You can use transparency f0r v0lume walls by toggling on the
Enable transparency.for walls check box and editiñg the opacity 160. Seismic lnterpretati0n preparati0n
ryry1ofl@jg!§j{
pa c
ity
ta bs Petrel Geophysirs
] !*_a
I _l I
t-{
t--a t_-l
.I-l
a a a
Procedure ',
.
Displaying Votume Walls Open the 3D window and toggle on the realized
in the
--¿
--l
a'
lnput
ZGy cube
pane.
i*
X ffi
mis {Beeti¡e.di
ln 3D Seismic Volume Settings dialog box, on the Style tab, Volume visualization subtab, toggle on Volume walls and set the method to Normal or Inside
--¡
rr'-*¡
aa"
ffi
Volume walls
-,---J
rj I---t
f
I
§
l.,lormal
',.-i
lns¡de
l§
Eneble tmnspareneyfor xalls
§
lrate *iigned s!i+e*
Ualume render
I.-.1
E--¿
!i*lq ¡liüi¡*d *ijt*t ,--
lfl
I tluñl,*r
r,t -§l¡:*-+
ftr r¡:iire s*ismic v*l¡;¡:l*
Hidefnme.,,annntatinn in r¡iemno mode
r_-
E --¿
T T T -é=
Seismic lnterpretatt0n preparation.
i6l
.:J
^*.¿
Light Tool Visualization of structural and stratigraphic information is one of the key elements in an interpretation workflow. Visualizati0n allows you to identify 0nly what you are capable of distinguishing. This is particularly true for geophysical interpretation that relles on illumination and reflectance. Seismic data can reveal such structural orientations by employing shaded relief techniques that can help to enhance geologtc understanding. Shading or better illumination is controlled by lighting p0sition, the illumination model, and the surface reflectance that acts as a
directional filter. Features that are illuminated perpendicular to the light source vector will be enhanced, whereas features that are parallel to it would be illuminated minimally. Noise removal using structurally oriented light sources creates volume that can be interpreted more consistently because an interpreter can focus on particular feature orientations while
a
suppressing the response found in displays that use only one headlight. The Lighttool has an easy-to-use dialog boxthat is available in 2D and 3D windows and in lmmersion mode. lt allows you to add and
manipulate light sources to enhance geological features. These light s0urces can have different colors and y0u can move them by varying the elevations and the azimuth, which allows the
interpreter to illuminate and focus on particular structural or stratigraphic elements of interest. You can use the Light tool in many scenarios including:
. . o o
-ar] ¡-J
:.J
J
j
i.--J
_l _l _l t--J ¡-J
L..J
-l
I
t---J
_t
l----
:l -l I*-
t-J
seismic amplitudes volume attributes applied on seismic data gridded surfaces geobodies.
_t
i-¿
_l
b¿
J
F_J
152. Seismic lnterpretation
Preparat on
Petrei Geophvsics
-l -J
a---¡
---.¡
¿
Petrel Geophysics
Seismic l¡terpretarr0n Preparatiof
.
163
1
l :ll .-J
Applications of the Light Tool You can insert directional lights into a 2D or 3D canvas wrth varable
colors. You can move these lrght sources byvarying the elevation as
well as the azimuth. This frgure shows the main controls of the Light tool. Angle
tra.k
--¿
{G3§0 degreesl
L-J
-l -J h,J
>-¿
-l ¡E--
Tcggle burnp mapplng
oggle
Add ¡rsht
Rergr'e ltsftt
The diagram in the figure depicts the way the light sources are added into the display" Assume that the seismic intersection (the
é r ¡.) i--¿
subject that is exposed to rlluminatron) is at the center of a sphere and a light source is at p0int B which can be expressed ln either Euclidran (x,y,z) or polar (ó,0) c00rdinates.
t--J
=l
-l l--{
-_l
l:t l*J
l'--J
-l
=-. 164. qe smi.
lr lprpretdl o1 Prepardl
0r
Petrel Geophysics
_t
-l
Procedure
- Using the light Tool 1. Click § Show lighuoot.
2
A floating dialog box opens in the 2D or 3D window. Use these controls to change the lighting effects:
.
.
Toggle Bump Mapping. Enables and disables bump mapping on the 2D seismic data. Toggle Headlight: Enables and dlsables the headlight,
which is the initial lighting source 0n the seismic
. .
image.
Add/Hemove light source. Adds up to seven light sources to the window. Collapse/Expand light tool: Minimizes rhe display of the light tool by hiding sett¡ngs and displaying only the angle and elevation tracks.
Petrel Geophysics Seismic lnterpretation Preparatl0n
. l65
*¿
-
--..l +]
Light Tool Examples This figure illustrates the directional behavior of the two light sources in vector form. The elevation and azlmuth are defined in polar coordinates; the saturation and intensrty are editable after adding the source to the window and are used to define the sources
J -)
l
:-.,1
in the scene.
_-.]
_l _j b..J
>-¿
.EJ
--.,1
1 i---J
_l
t--.
--l
lt-J
-_l i¡"--¿
_l
: E-J
__l
l
=-¡ 166. Selsmic Interpretatlon
Preparation
Petre Geophysics
-_l
Immersion Mode lmmersion mode allows interpreters to experience the feeling of rvorking virtually inside the data, delivering high visualquality in a ful l-screen environment. Using lmmersion mode, you can create 3D reconnaissance
workflows of seismic data. lnteractive tools for seismic interpretation and attributes display in real{ime. You also can use the Flyer tool to navigate through and understand the seismic volume with functionalities customized for the interpreters.
Petre Geophysrcs
Se smic Interpretation
Preparation. 167
J
l
---
_l bJ
_t
-l l:l :l >¿
-l -l f--l
lj
the lmmersion Mode
Starting 1. Activate a 3D window and display a setsmic cube' 2. ln the lnput pane, right-click on the seismic cube and
I .--. :,i
¡ ..§1 !:lli:ij
I
Procedure
.'::
select lmmersion.
3. The flrst time that you access the lmmersion
mode' you are
prompted t0 enter the lmmersron activation code' for set example, morpheus. Enter this code and' optionally' the SLB-PETREL-l MMEBSI 0 N-PASSWORD environment
4.
variable 0n y0ur c0mputer. The activation dialog box will n0t appear when thls variable is set to the correct code' ln the active 3D window, display the seismic cube
,¿ LI )
t-J ¡=
4 E-
-E
elements(in-line,cross-line,tnterpretation)tobevisualized
5.
in lmmersion mode. Click Exit to end the lmmersion mode session'
=E Petrel GeoPhYstcs
168. Seismic lnterpretation
Preparati0n
g
I
al al a a: r-{
lmmersion Mode Available Tools You can access these tools in lmmersion Mode.
---{
H
E--{ -r
E
-¿
E E
tr m tr K tr m Adds a new seismic horizon
lnteractive change of template
Efficient navigation through the volume nteractive seismic attributes list for the activated volume
I
Horizon Autotrack interpretation
in lmmersion mode
Petre Geophvsics
Seismic lnterpretation Preparation. 169
r-É-o Volume visualization subtab, toggle on Volume render (toggle off Volume walls if enabled). Click Apply and observe the effect in the 3D window.
se$ings for'miq [Realizedj 1'
Setings are inherited fr6m psrentfoider
_t*
|"}:§§!§_{ffi .;
vo¡umevisslüst¡sn
#*lf'§Ll§t..i
Volume watls
t;,;,tJrr*al ¡os¡,ie '.1
I Eilüb¡e ir¡rlipatiilsy fo. *Éll§
:y'. Volunre reader t- : Iiata aligñed slices
,§ ll ,'
Viewaligoed slices ; Number of slicestorenüre seisnric volunre
Hide frame/annoi,etion in yiewins mode
Seismic interpretat 0n Preparation
.
197
5.
-_l ¡r.-a :_l
0n the Colors tab:
a. b.
Toggle on Override global
properlt template.
c.
Adjust the 0pacity curve. Click somewhere on the curve to insert a new point. Adjust the position and insert more points f0r
e.
adjustment (see the figure). Click Apply. 0ften, the purpose for changing colors is to make cr0ssover values (grayish colors with low
d.
negative and posrtive amplitude values) transparent.
¡!-/
El
I
I
fh-¡
¿
¡L-J
ts
fh¡ E
¡H
E¡-
f--1
3 l=E
E
L.
E
198 o Seismic lnterpretat on Preparation
Petre Geophysics
l
I
I-
-__-__-{
r--=J
a''
a" a" a"
0n the 0pacity tab.
6
a
Set Full opacity tFl by cticking lm Select the histogram and drag it onto the 0pacity tab to set the opacity level (as shown in the figure in Step 6 of the next exercise). 0bserve that the changes take place interactively in the 3D
I._J
b.
r-___.J
I-_-j
window.
$ ,e¡¡?l;ii
settinqs
rt{
l
100iÁ:
- --üse,r o
L"i-r
"' iar*ü:-T
o.
0n the Style tab, toggle off Volume render.
I
0n the 0pacity tab, ser Fuil opacity tFl by clicking l.§l Click 0K to accept the changes.
10
Selsmlc lnterpretati0n Preparation
.
,l99
J
f
L--¡
Displaying Volume Walls You can display the limits of a seismic v0lume as walls.
1.
Toggle on mig [Realized] 1 to display the wire frame of the VOIUMC.
2. 3.
Right-click mig [Realized] 1 and select Settings. 0n the Style tab > Volume visualization subtab, toggle
4. 5. 6.
on Volume walls and NormalClick Apply to see the effect in a 3D window. Try the Inside optlon and click Apply to see the changes' Toggle off Volume walls and apply the change.
:l :l lE-¡
f.--¿
_t
-l L--¿
\--a
-_l
-l 5--a L..J
lLl
) l-¿ L-
I
¿
L-.r
L
I
s =
= 200. Seismic lnterpretati0n
Preparati0n
Petrel Geophysics
=
Il_-' ---J
I-
Review 0uestions
o
l_' l_'
a composite intersection?
ls it possible to rotate a random line in an lnterpretation window? You want to edit an arbitrary polygon to redefine your arbitrary polyline intersection. You have selected the
-I--
Make/edit polygon,s process, but it is not working. What
L-
could be the reason? You want to render your seismic volume. From the
!r--
Settings dialog box of your 3D cube, you g0 to Volume visualization, but it is grayed out. ls it because you do not
l_-
U U f L' U ,L--
a a
-,--
u T u T J-.-
1-4'
have a Petrel license for Volume Rendering or you have missed a step? Can you display wiggle traces in a 3D window? How can you display time value in a 3D window for 3D seismic data?
----
-E--
What is the difference between a polyline intersection and
Summary ln this module, you learned about:
. . ¡ o o . . . . . . .
using the seismic interface and toolbar displaying 2D and 3D seismic data
setting up a seismic display scale making and annotating seismic base maps making and displaying composrte and jump tie lines using and linking multiple windows using color template and palette optimization using the Survey manager using the visualization tools rendering volumes in 3D windows using the Light tool using the lmmersion mode.
Petrel Geophysics
_._r =
-
Selsmic lnterpretati0¡ Preparatiof
.
201
r
f' r-{ aa aaaf L' r.-
Module 3 Fault lnterpretation
-
-l
r-{
Tnis module introduces you to the fault interpretation workflow and :echniques in Petrel.
I-_¿t
---_J
-..1
Learning objectives Ater completing this module, you will know how to.
o . . . o
interpret faults in Petrel use the fault interpretation function bar and fault settings
manually pick faults
manipulate and edlt faults track faults.
-E-I
t
-.-
f J_f f != f ff--l
c{
i--I
---4
r----"r
I---|
Fault lnterpretation
.
203
Jl'.¿
I-l L-.a
ln
in Petrel
I
Fault lnterpretation the Function t00lbar this lesson, y0u will learn how to
Lesson
use
and the
L--a "J
&
-_l
lnterpretation manager to interpret faults in Petrel'
É, =É :'
§iraiasraphy
.d
'
Geophysics
§'
Hffi
-l l¡.-J
r§
Function Toolbar
t, aF }6 i; -Ln
Use the Function toolbar to perform these tasks:
N»
. . . . . .
ft-{
f'l
cut, loin, and add points t0 a segment move, add, or delete individual p0¡nts move or delete entire segments cOpy 0r move segments from one fault to another
¡lL..J
I
,l t .-¿
_l
rx,
L-r -Ll
',1s.{
copy 0r move segments to new faults edit faults in 3D or lnterpretation windows'
I i{
, J§: i *L. t§?
)
lr*'/ L
'[i .r¡,
-¿
e
ist§i
]-J _l-
,§.
g
_.;§
§,
:
s.! eY a
&
:'#,
i&
l-
§t
tr
§
t-
il* l"ür
'.l}
tr
§{
.b-
1 2 3 4 204.
5
Activate fault [Shift+S]
Join selected Points Ul
6
Selection paintbrush [Shrft
Cut segments [T]
7
Bounding box select [B]
Select single Point
I
Eraser [X]
lnterpret faults
IF]
B]
Petre Geopr Fault lnterpretation
i-
r
f f f f f f f f
I-=-J
G-T
I--J
-=-{f
I.-J
I
nterpretation Manager
-^= lnterpretation manager is an interactive tool that gives you
-:. l's ,
and IO arrange anO nariOte your seismtc
fault interpretations lt
interpreters' -,rr, Íor prolect administrators' seismic to fllter and sort
and all other
Petrel users lt includes several options
and off -.:'pretations, create new objects' and turn interpretations on
-a
r,lsible windows.
and is useful particularly for arranging on working you are when -araging y0ur lnterpretatián (horizons/faults)
--e lnterpretation manager
a cetatled interpretation proiect'
're -a s
allow you to perform these tools in the lnterpretation manager ks:
o
-==-.ü
. o
--*J
. .
tn current or all visrble select and clear interpretation objects
windows selected interpretatlons show the Sett¡ngs dialog box for in the active insert new seismic horizons or faults lnterPretation folder lnterpretation manager search for hortzons or faults rn the
lnterpretation folder' move interpretation objects t0 another
-_*¿
f
--_.¿
r---a
Fault l¡terl:]retat
of
'
205
J'r--,
liir;iiil !: .-"
r:t:
§il liii:¡q+¡§* E}
-l -l L--J
the lnterpretation Manager - 0pening Bight-cllck fhe lnterpretationfolder and select lnterpretation manager.
Procedure
1.
t¡-¿
-_t
,ffi;:ffi
¡¿ I@ I iii] I ffil , i$
Shot" se::ings 5pnr1 all
,.
.
t--J
;o Srurli*
.l
*,eiri*r'e á¡l ir*rYr §tud¡o §ubse ¡';*e
trrpatt i*i, sei*ciicrr¡
L--.¿
.
^_J
,
irrl
l=B t¡lpcr:,,, iX ilr*let*..,
+ü
a
Í
ilÉleie r*ntÉnt,
t$ fftt
:.,::tiff
:
L.-J
,
.
'
:
-_J ¡¡-J
Lc¡láp5É i.i:Éurrr?ÉJ a.
;
ál
-_l
r.recLrrSl'iei tiip,SITd
S"rrt i:y nar-.*rer
¡E-a
Ser-: bY Z-ualr.r*r
§' Autc c*lcr all & ÁLiic rame ali ffi Fauh iiar¡Ev.r*rk e¡hile interprcting * f *r1"*rt i* in;Érpr*'iá:it!'i fi Ccnoert tc interpreia:ion i*ptir1riz*d T ln:erpr*rarion manager , . ft ínsert seisrric lreri¿ún S. insen far;lt f insert in1*rpr'*:atien f*irler ,
--] f-i Ll
v )
i*r ?ül
h
F ^-
206. Fault Inlerpretation
Petrel Geophyslcs
I
I__-
-.-4 I-_E---I
af ar-{
----¡t
a. I_I' E L' f ---.1
---r
Irr.-J
Fault Interpretat¡on in Petrel 'rterpreting faults is 0ne 0f the key tasks rn any seismic interpretation ,',orkflow. ln your routine workflow, faults and horizons are picked and :rte rpreted simultaneously. For learning purposes, you will learn how to
irterpretfaults in Petrelfirstand in the next module, you 'row to interpret horizons.
will
learn
W Visually grouping t lnterpretation and 3D
windows together is helpl in
fault rnterpretation.
n this training, the focus is on manualfault interpretation. Petret
rffers powerful automatic fault extraction using seismlc attributes. Automatic fault extraction is discussed inlhe PetrelGeophysics: S e i s m i c I nte
rp
retati o n Wo r kf I ow Iools
cou rse.
Manual Fault Picking When the Seismic
interpretation
process is actlve, you can
interpret faults manually on in-lines, cross-lines, tlme slices, random ines, or arbitrary lines in 3D and lnterpretation windows.
---.
---.
E t--l
=
Fau
t
nterpretat 0n.207
LJ
Faults Manually
- Picking Seismlc interpretation ln the Processes pane. . Activate 2. Display the selsmic section in the lnterpretation window or
Procedure 1
a
3D wrndow.
3.
Bight-click lnterpretation folder / and select lnsert fault. Alternatively, insert a new fault from the Seismic
interpretation
tool bar.
The new fault displays in the same folder and is stored in the aclive lnterpretation folder in the lnput pane.
-i&G* * r&&#,m.§rr Añ).
iii::a:.i:il:!iiri:lrllt:i.,i¡irii' },'iÁii¡!düss 1{Ar1}}:
,L§
& ';,-l Seismic hori¿ün , ñ v Juvolume ¿
#
r ffi
r?r mig @ E lnline635
[&
r--t]
xline 4ñ
-r Srruey
, # r'j
srbi
"H
.rh?
m ffi
.tr
1
t'5prrstb2
srlo::r.:*,1¡n9:.t:: .
,":E
S.eiriÉle ali
n
5ub5(fiile
rLt i* tX
.¡
_
5eñd ali te Srudic
jf,cñ S;udic
[mF6.i ic¡ 5e!Ec.ilon] .
ixpcn
,,
,
üelE:e , ,
.
.
C¡rl.
D:l*l:.:!n.*n::
É
L
:
Ccilairse (rE(uí5i!e:
:
ffi f avoriles
! idP¡ñr1 (recur:¡Jei § Auic cclcr rii § iault írameucri( $¡rilE i¡riÉiÉre.i¡¡g !* Cor,o"- :" ¡¡ieíÉ.eIái;c¡ * für"e.: ac 'ñieíp.elaiien icplimiled ibr iÜl ffi fatergreiaiicn üinaller ' , fr : ,=". :É L-'r -c'?c It( :nsÉ-'dLl: l) us ffi' :"¡e-,'r.:er+re:a::o -c'de'
L
,
1
L*.i
5& t"lf
, ¡
lS
lmpod datá
Siraügraphy Geophysics § §e-smic
m
Volume attribltes
iy-i
ü
J§ i*fi*ry Érr/+s i*n ftte rs Fault interpretatinn
1
j(tt Fi Fault interpretation 2 ril
i"r Fault inierpretation 3
L!i
i-t
+
Surface attribules .f.ji Automatic fauh extraction JV1 Make velocily model
: GEriÉralt:Flir.i,rr!ti:r,li m GEobody interpretati0n rj Sirta.il ,lr.:ll f)+ & tdlake restoration 2D model
208
.
Fault Inter pretatlon
Petrel Geophysics
C rc<
lnterpret faults
F
in the Function bar or oress the
F key.
5.
lnterpret fault on the seismic line elther in the Interpretation wrndow or 3D window. Double-click or press N to break the
fault stick
6.
7
ln the General
intersection plaver, set the increment.
M@
Clicl< t0 move to the next or the previous seismic section or press Page Up or Page Down on the keyboard.
Petrel Geophysics
Fauil lnterpretation . 209
u
qtr"
J
:t >--¿
Procedure
'1.
!.d §§:.: §f ir 'Uú¡',li
6.*i.re
!:1.6§r
-
Editing a Fault Segment -
activate the Fault segment, click "É on the Function bar or press ShiÍt + S before clicking on the fault stlck to activate it. The color of the fault is highlighted when it is active.
To
_t ¡rra
I I
I
i'.:rii'::iti'
,.1:,¡: ¡* ül;l r' L
;
.:
.
fil
a
_1 L
ffi
ii
i
ii,
G
,n tt . Function bar or press Io edrt a fault segment, cllck E. The points on the fault can now be moved 0r new points can be added to the fault segment to accurately mark the fault
geometry.
: : 210
.
Fault lnterpr et¿tlon
Petrel Geophls cs
*
0r press deiete a part or whole fault segment click potnts on Cllck on the active fault to delete two adjoining
To
seg
ment
erre Gecphys cs
Procedure
1.
-
Moving a Fault-Segment
Actlvate the fault, click I h ., then click on a single cligitized point (node) on fault stick. Part of the fault segment turns yellow.
¡
Clrck between any two digitized points (nodes) on the
remaining fault segment to make whole segment yellow..
_=-
212
.
Fault lnterpretatiof
P.tr-J
Gr.lrhy*;
E a-1
1. ar_aE f rI-J
--{
E--/l
--.
f --/l
E -_¿
T a,_ _.
'lt
Click and click on a single digitized point (node) and drag it to move the while segment to a new location on the seismic section.
J¡-,-
-l LJ
--J
Move Faults laterally 0ption 0ften, when an interpreter is handed reprocessed data, the faults picked on earlier versions of the data do not fit the new version. This sometrmes is the case when the field-processed data version is different from the final, or more intensive and detailed, processing versions. To avoid re-picking the fault model, y0u can use the
faults laterally
Move
¡...¡
l
-,¿
_F
opti0n in Petrel.
-
I..J
j
'':
i¡.'.*--r* l:1 .-
E -e§=E E'e§ F,5::r€H -E==
Procedure
¿ rJ
Moving Faults Laterally
- to Settings > }perations tab > Seismic 1. Navrgate operations > Move faults laterally.
ffi
Setf*ry tor'Fautrtlnterpretaliun 1'
¿ L.r
l
I
f.r
J
¿
H-M §eismlc op*rations
,ir-l$@l
ü"ffi S
),-a L
§en*mlfunctions
M Arqhfunrti*ns
o ffi R*plar*wt*re Elir¡inst*$hÉre l§§ M Lkmrn8t*$rrE.re I
6
M
,l
§tochasticfun*isns
it¡ M
C*mmonopemt.rsre
§
ffi
Surfac* cpamtrons
E
ffi
f;rnverf pir*sJplygonsjswfac*
.a l-d
l-r
___¡.
I
§t-ffi Velcci§, ccnversian tt ffi kmeínconv*mion
f-a
_t lplhe strike
af $'re approximafedfaultplane.
_< td --JL
.r<
_\.{ ¿
-F ¡"-
Set the Distance value. 214. Fault lnterpretat¡on
Petrel Geophyslcs
_1
u -,r
L-
L
L_-_-__-¡
Click Bun and the actrve fault is moved laterally east 0rwest depending on whether the drstance is set in positive or
I' LL' LI' I----t
negative value.
I----¡
I-.J
r__-l I_-_r
I---i¡
L-
U U L_=.r
r=__,,i J=--¿
L. r_. l_ l_ u l_ I -4,__J
-l
---l
------J
rr---J
_::-:
.:-.-r:1l,rS
CS
Fa!
:
¡terpretatlof . 215
J
-l -l L-.J
V
.1¡'i,s
= t§ H'.. ;€
Procedure
-
Displaying and Annotating Faults
This procedure shows you how to change the display settings of the fault in the lnterpretation and 2D or 3D windows. ln the settings for a 2D or 3D window,fhe
Surface option also
is
available.
1.
Right-click on the fault inlhe lnterpretation folder and open
2.
the Settings dialog box. 0n the Style tab, change one 0r more of these options for the
l,-¿
:-J r-l
i
.t
-¿ l-J
fault display settings.
,
f-J
Points
Displays points for the fault stick. You also can change the color and size of the points.
:!
Lines
Allows you to change the color, width, and style of the Fault stlck.
J
line
Dlsplays the projected location of the same fault on the previous section. You also can change the color, width, and style of the lines
-4
projections
I
Name
Allows you t0 annotate and display the name of the fault rn the lnterpretation window.
Surface
wlndows, displays the surface for the co-related fault.
l,-¿
L-.J
L-4 -,! .J \.J
For 2D and 3D
-=-+
l-r
=i
J
.< \-r
-) --l
3.
w Manrpulate the object propertres in the lnspector window and visualize the changes immediately.
:
tL-
I-¿
-L
i;.L.
E-
E
L,
E
L278. Selsmic lnterpretati0n Preparati0n
Petrel Geoohvs,::
i=
L-
Petrel Geophyslcs
Selsmlc
Lf
terpretatr0r Preparati0n . 279
Horizon Flattening in 2D You can flatten individual lines on an interpreted horizon in the
lnterpretation and !ntersection windows. The interpreted horizon does not have t0 be consistent over the entire line because petrel allows for gaps in the interpretation, such as breaks over faults. These gaps are interpolated linearly; you can interpret on the flattened sections
-d
-
ir=. ffi ! § :;i se¡silic ii:
'
S
.
,@.y-
, B iii
t'mssé,§
/rF.F
e7 r7§
srrye,,iE/r*, tu-s
&§ ¡7e
s3 ¿i0
fft 699 ¿?0 47a
?1r 470
71i qa
754 4?§
¡nereer;m OlA. r
' B y :O¡¡e¡o *¿*, '*:;jñffiEffi§§?.
¡¡ss
--
.liir j Fe*ideFBEto¡t rti ill i : Fa{ÍtiaieEieEuofr Z ffi
.' ". ¡lo
F¿ú[rfteFreÉúo¡f Faunrnrepreeoor4
-;s '&'¿ l&,. litiñe És :
l* v EDÁ
Rine
4ñ
B s
13
e x
:
L" Fi-
i&lF@§i-§--E;",¡ iffir¡*c+... .. :.]]]:]:: .:] s "§
.-1
& rir.rür¡¡ +:ñÉr¡c*_ 'f t¡q úF¿ri.ns 'T l1:EaGiáiicn ir$:gs. , , s :is§: i¡ie.p.é::¡il1n foj ¡cr:fe su.rey i:¡j
ry
Add,?u!di¡E
l-a
L. f1
,¿
L.
-4
h-,_-.4 )
t-J
Flattened 0biects You can convert existing interpretation objects ln the flattened space. These objects can be fault, horizon, and grid interpretations (which are
sub-objects of the horizon interpretation associated with one seismic survey only) and surfaces or p0¡nts. You can create new lnterpretati0n objects (faults, horlzons, and grtd interpretattons) and interpret them directly in the flattened space.
A history of the flattened ob.¡ects ls stored on the History tab in the
_l --J _l --¿
I
-¿
i
I
Settings dialog box.
*-/ _¿
lnterpretation Filters You can
filterthe interpretation 0n any one of many parameters
Use
the filters to display the rnterpretation and to define points as seeds for autotracking and locking pornts, or to select them for reinterpretation. You also Can USe the filters with the Bounding box select opt¡on t0 delete specific parts of an interpretation. Fllters related to interpretations are located ln the Sersmic main folder 0r y0u can find them under each horizon rnterpretation obiect in the lnput pane. lnfhe lnterp survey inclusion filtersfolder, you can filter
cells belonging to the different surveys.
All interpretation folders contaln 3D interp inclusion fllters. Choose one
=-
y--r' --/ l--a
b-
_-¿
,-./ L
_-,/
l-r L
of these types of ftlters.
.
3D autotracked: Contains all seeded 3D autotracked
.
2D autotracked: Contalns all 2D autotracked rnterpretations
o .
r
nterpretatr ons.
(seeded 2D and guided). Manual: Contains all manual interpretations.
lmported/converted: Contains all interpretations imported from OpenSpirit files or pre-Petrel 2007.1 (point data sets) files converted to the current Petrel format.
tr tr t-
L--
k284.
Seism c lnterpretati0n Preparatl0n
Petrel Geocr
F
ii
3D inÍerp i*c/¡¡-sr'¿:¡¡ fi?e¿s
6iá t Jü aufcbetA'Éd -í. r !L] EttülrctkPd §" Qj ¿,rani/s¡
.
i
;.h"
v
+i
/rnsn¡fed.¡br:¡¡ r¡erted
Seisrnic horizon I
$1 ¡1; 3D Cube
ln the example drsplayed in the frgure, the 3D autotracked horizon
rnterpretatron filter is cleared.
Selsm
c iterpretatio¡
Preparatl0f
.
285
J >-J
-J -J --a t-J
lnterpretation OualitY Filter The 0utput attrrbutes are created durlng 3D horizon autotracking
lnterpretation Ouality Filter
Using the 1. From the lnput pane, under the horizon interpretation' display
Procedure
the output attributes created during autotracking' , t& ig"1 Seisrñic horizsn 1
,
ffi
iil
3tr Cube
HM
iJ
tI i* §lI r4r
2. '-;-';*'::i ';-*--"-
*
,-
[: r
:
-¿ ¿ Á
>,,,.¿
Filtering tab'
ch0ose 0ne attribute to filter. The histogram updates'
""",P
l,*:------ii,ili ilililirir illlr'§ :
T1¡vr
{}
F..J >
Autotracker: llnnñdence Autotracker: AmPliiude ,qr*totracker: Úistance
ln the horrzon Settings dialog box on the
r ^.,**,* ,. "
"*
{i
_l
',
;:*'"::l:
-
o4T
,F*@ r mo*q ¡'s k * J¿ k ¡ - L ; ñ r
r bd
i
-._:::_.':.:ok¿
l'
l-.a
_\=
r
[: 1 rlffil ,&
.¿ ,¿ \
&§
,
¿l
FL,ffi,
'ffi
df f "i¡-w,mffii.
re**pffiúa
_.1
:
ffii hi
d
<
l-
::
lri
'.,.gt
¡-
!t
Left-click an area of the histogram to filter it away from the
tr
T-
display.
tr 286.
Se -m,c
L.--
In.erpte,at;or Prepara'ror
E--4.-d
% Horizon 0perations: Bulk Shift Before you interpret a horizon, you can c0rrect problems, such as the vertical mis-positionrng of seismic data or datuming problems, by applying a bulk shift to the interpretation that was done previously. This horizon operation shrfts the data into the correct position.
Procedure
1.
Bulk Shifting a Horizon - lnput pane, 0pen the Settings dialog box for the
ln the
horizon.
lf,,.[-.1*H-i.li..¡i.=.:.::.:r::=,i.:**....-.4,i .1"1"1-Hi,,r,.r,:..,,,,,: ¿ &! v ¡elsmlt
",
,
iS @ üiF
ü I
v
L{:¿sss.s
I l*te.rpsrrr*y
¡n¿-/asrbn,f¡la¡-r
t{: xnterpretaiion folder I
mJ ¡ |k i¡
,
jü nle{p
rn,:luÉJon Élleís
Sersmic hori¡on
$l iul
¡.'¿ 2D ñ\'l¿r¿-iff.,i
1
Ij
fi; á'--^
i.\j .
s',",rsÉ::lgs...
:"-::!É':'irs ,:re sersm ;
Ac-
. i
ffi ñ- sen,l:¡ !':rrli¡ l*UJ 1É:i
É',
e
- C,-, 51
E
'¡.ts.-'.
§
freale:¡¿+ lncai r
,
-
?
0n the Operations tab, expand lhe Arithmetic folder and selectZ=Z+Constant.
Se smic lnterpretatl0n Preparat
of .287
Define the c0nstant value and click Run. The horizon shlfts vertrcally.
.E
L.
t-
L.
¡-
l¡.
C
L
l-
ü-
L 288. Selsmic Interpretation
Preparation
Petrel
Gecp-"-.,:
tr
-&-
Petrel Geophysics
Seismic lnterpretation Preparati0n
.
289
J -J .-J
:l-J ¡-J
Horizon 0perations: Smoothing There are two smoothing methods available for horizon
nterpretation:
i
o .
liÍr**§.T' il:
Gaussian: Use this method when you need t0 set the number of iteratlons. Median: Use this method when you need to set the number of iterations as well as the radius.
Procedure
Smoothing a Horizon
- the Seismic operationstolder and select 1. Expand
-* ::i
il.iÉ!¡l:§;$
Gaussian or Median smooth' l§
lettings für'3S sel§ffilc'
:l*
Creete ¡nte.pr€totian attnb§te
ru
llledi¡n
iffi
L.J
-l 1 ^_l --J
-.-¿ b-J
¡r-J
:-l *) l--J
s¡¡ath
>-r Ll )
L--.d
\. i:l
# ii f;
Converl FeiñtslFly§an§¡su.faces V--lmrty co*r'eeior
tIl
Dsmain
&i_t-
2.
cünte§ien
For Median smooth, set the number of lterations and Badius.
I
.J L¿ LI ) l-¡
L.
l-¡
br
'< I-<
Jb.
_¿
l-.-
t
¡5, 290. Se,smir IntPrprelat 01 Prepatat or
E=
tt
This figure shows results from the Gaussian smooth method (left) and the Mediam smooth merhod (right).
Petrel GeophVsics Seismic lnterpretation pr.parit,on
. Zgl
_lesson 4 Horizon lnterpretation Surface Conversion and Surface Attr¡butes Generation
-
,a-
ln this lesson, you will learn about generating a surface, using the smoothing process, and calculating surface attributes.
---
Make Surfaces Process 0ften seismic interpreters wantto generate a quick map to see the trend of c0nt.urs and their interpretation. This map also helps them to identify area of interest so thatthey can do a more detailed
é
interpretation. You can create qurck maps for surfaces and display them in 2D,3D, and Map windows. you also can customize these maps with user-defined color schemes and contour intervals.
,=,
=
fhe Make surface process under the t|titities f older offers different algorithms for the different types of input data that you can use for surface generation. Then you can use these surfaces to calculate surface attributes and for other processes in petrel. ln this lesson, you
will create a surface from a horizon interpretation, but you also can create surfaces from points, well tops, polygons, or images. Refer to the petrel Help for more information about other types of input data and further details on
-
*-1
I
)
t,,--r
¡¡.
I
I
fhe Mqke surface process.
Procedure
.-¿
Generating a Surface utilities foldet open the Make/
1.
ln the Processes pane,
2.
edit,surface process. From Main input, drop in the interpreted horizon that you wish to convert into a surface.
) t--{ L-¡ -] i-,] L-¡ s-
J
¡-.-¿ l,4ain
input:
iq *
Seisnir i.orizor
l
fg ii l.lanie. ,;*,i;;¿ Run for all main inpr:t in F: ' i I the same {older §Ugqedsstingsfffimir¡Eut ? 292 o Seisr
c rlp
0'eTd
io, Prepar.,io.
Petre
GeophVS cs
_l _l L-¿
L-¿
l:l
Click Suggest sett¡ngs from input. Petrel suggests the gridding algorithm based on the chosen input data.
Rmult lilarn
tnDijt
á:: Elsfrlt T.il;lr
-,
i
tsound¡ry. l=), taufi cemÉr : ¡, l¡nes.Jp(1[,gof s ::L
.
¡
rurfam:
i;] ii1 §.,1 lt"t*,::!,,,::li Run f¡r ali main inpL:t in t*:'il rr I-l the ramefalder §rlq8d dttng§tsm inp{n
-
0n the Geometry tab, specify the grid outllne and resol ution,
r
ris figure shows the origrnally interpreted horizon (left) and the
surface created from the horizon interpretation (right).
:l':
i:1,.'.S
CS
Selsnr c lnterpretatlon
Preparation. 293
J
I _l :l-l 4
,- :
á
Smoothing a Horizon Procedure ln the Surfac e operations foldet select Smooth' 1 .
-".
*l
lJ
lñr
rtr:T*I-r
2. 3.
-,--J
Define lterations and Filter width parameters. Click Run.
L-J
üF+ertti+ns
>¿
^_l
ü*r,*,r.sl td¡{ü*ea
ü!
ü i§ H
ff m ür
ffi y-_!f
ffi ffi
h
F*
fr
ffi § ffi F
'l
,
,-
&rgi*'furuti*r* I i,rr';atr; r* ts*r*til;na F*tis.;* *4t*t*
-J -J t¡-J
Eli*,i¡¿{*n**r* Sudar*t
udsr,,* *§,*¡sti$rs
$ir,*",hcxtiu, fun+ti*rrs
t*n+r*r
t¿
*É*rstie,r*
P*ints +r.erati*n'+
Sur{at* og*ratir:re Hrt:t+ sric
tE
^, r*
$r,"q*-'ih
b,.J
I
-)
É-tJrilqJáte
; 1L ErtruEe.luie'+ithi¡ L*'+r'**,t' : B Fsiiit.ist66t , S üin¿¿ir¡,,+tt+ : S Eirsql* ÑE
E!ü
r
'ffi
L.--
-"1
E.\t'Br1{
§r¡¡otr
. Sll F*fir* , :ütt R*s*n:pl* ; .dL Fiir
: l-¿ -]
I
i;i--l I
-:i"-:!
¡--a
_t
r
l¡.i
t¿ue'; t{q§;
f§,§e'r{.:
:
H
I
t--, 294
. Seisr¡ic 'tle.pretat
0't Preparat o'
*-J
L
This figure shows the origrnal surface for smoothing (left) and the
surface after the smoothing process (right).
Seisnrlc nterpretati0n Preparation' 295
J -J ,r--J
l
>.J
l:: " *-+i:
iil - :!
¡ir 'q i §:I::¿==5
Greating an Attr¡bute Map Based on Procedure Surface 0perations
1. 2.
Display an unsmoothed surface in a 3D window. Rlght-click the surface and select Greate/Update dip
angle and az¡muth.
@i-iffi
tl! m g m
:)*.J
Shcr
reü,r195
§erd f0 -tt-Jis
á
Rei.ifl'e ?ros stEdio
la Erurd,,.
atrl-E
fCii glslral .alof table
¡{
Del€t€ .,
¡l!,
aal.LritJ"..
Ll:l aop,
:J
.
,
>.-J
at !u¡J3d€ rttlibute
-_l
a{pir rsgul¡r rBri3c: id¡ta rr,l}i
á§
ReserÉrnte
-l
2t
3.
o
areat€ !udr.e 99gE
és
1ft5ۇ riEs nitribL.te
É
lreáiElugdate dip n§glr nad a¡il¡§th
Expand the surface rn the
lnput
:J
-l
frests rÉ* lo{=l calÉ. leg*nc
,&
:l 1-.J
¡---J
h
pane t0 drsplay new
surface attrlbutes.
,.ffifilffi tT {-l rrur
& {"* Brp ansle & i-i mp a¡¡¡x*tt This figure shows the unsm0othed surface (left) and the new surface attributes (right).
I
LI l-¿
I
-¿ t-a
¡E-r --a
I
l-: L-
----/
L'-
t-
E296
.
Seismic lnterpretati0n Preparati0n
k=
Surface Attr¡butes Ihe Surf'ace attributes process is comparable fo fhe Volurue ctttríbute process ln the sense that attrlbutes are organized into c Ia
,-l
You can use both
surfaces and horizon
sses.
interpretations ln the c e attri bttte,t Pr0CeSS
You can calculate surface attributes based on a single horizon, between two honzons, orfrom (time)depth to depth. You also can capture specific parts of the signal ln a time window or an event.
Surfa
This sectlon offers a brlef dlscussion on the functionalrty and procedure for generating surface attributes. Because lt ls beneficial for your rnterpretations, you should explore the various options. For
further details, see the Petrel Help.
Generating Surface Attr¡butes
Procedure
1. 0pen-Surface attrlbutes in the Processes pane. I
i
¡
I
GeoPtry't¡c*
sr-
lEg
Seismic interPretation
H
lrolume attnbutes
;@
l:Éffi|
2
,J. 4.
Choose a surface attribute ln the library. Choose the lnput seismic. Choose from the optrons to create new, add, or append to
existing attrbute.
:$
Sur-face attnbr*tes
ht¡ke srrf=r:e
¡ttrib'ut¿
;
t_*_.*_***-
l,4ll
r
I
lnput selsmic.
liumber,:l negati\re zeto ffosslnu§ llumb*r r,f Fositive Ee¡o Ero§sings i l{umher,rf ?Erro crotsrñgs
i
I
=16-,ia Add to rurface
Standard deviation ,:f amplrtude
lr
rm
Add to nev+
surlac*
EMS Amplitude Surface
nf ¡.¡nlitr-rf15----,-.----*Append to attribr"rte
:=¡:hislcs
Seismic lnterpretatl0n Preparat 0n
.
297
Define Window specification or specify from which horizons to calculate the attrtbute.
Fepeated tündows
6.
ü*
298
.
Seismic lnterpretati0n Preparati0n
Expand the surface in the lnput pane t0 display the attribute. (The image shows the BMS surface )
# ffi HilS Amplitude surtece , tI Ü l'n¡r :§lIffi HmsAmplitude
Petrel Geophysics
Exercises
f
---¡ IE-.¡
-
lnterpreting Horizons
"'ihese exercises, you will get hands-on experience with a simple ^¡r'izon interpretation workflow. These exercises show you the basic s::ps that you will have to consider or perform whenever y0u are .ierpreting horizons in Petrel.
)uring interpretation, any interpreter will use a combination of 1,1.i:'
§l
autotracking or manual interpretation, depending on the type of cata available, the subsurface geology, scope of work, and
Bight-click on the
lnput pane and select Collapse all folders (recursive) or Expand all folders (recursive).
accuracy/details required. However, in this case you will be taken ihrough each procedure one-by-one to make sure that the differences in each are highlighted, enabling you to better use these iechniques in your workflows. fiefer to the Appendix for a list of seismic interpretation shortcut (eys.
Using a Simple Horizon lnterpretation Workflow
1.
2.
0n the Processes pane, activate fhe Seismic interpretatiotx proceSS. From the
Window menu, insert a new lnterpretation
§§
window.
3. 4. 5.
Expand the Sersmic main folder and the seismic survey
from which you wish to display the seismic line. Display cross-line 470 in the lnterpretation window. From the
:l
lnsert menu, select New interpretation folder.
Try opening an
Interpretation window by right-clicking on a seismic line (in-line/cross-line or a 2D line) and selecting 0pen
interpretation window.
This step is necessary only for this exercise to ensure that you keep the work that you do separate and arranged. ln a
6 7
.
B.
routine workflow, this step might not be necessary. Go to the Settings dialog box for the lnterpretation folder that you created. 0n the lnfo tab, rename this folder S Hori z on
imple
Workflow fofder. Bight-click Simple Horizon Workflow folderand use the menu to insert two new horizons.
Seismic lnterpretati0n Preparation
.
299
J
t-1J
Define Window specificati0n 0r specify from which
horizons to calculate the attrlbute.
-J --J
l
E-J
--¿
t_l -] -"1
---,.¿ >
F.ryq-]
6.
Eq¡ll¡]ry:e.]
Expand the surface in the Input pane to display the attribute. (The image shows the RMS surface.)
I E.
!.-
+ +
---=
ü*
€l Üj Hl,,l§ Amplitude surlace ; tI * rtr'r 'flI§ HmsAmplitude !--
=
r \-
Exercises
f f
I---¡
Ir--¿
---¿
-
Interpreting Horizons
ln these exercises, you
will get hands-on experience with a simple
horizon interpretation workflow. These exercises show you the basic steps that you will have to consider or perform whenever y0u are rnterpreting horizons in Petrel. During interpretation, any interpreter will use a combination of autotracking or manual interpretation, depending on the type of data available, the subsurface geology, scope of work, and accuracy/detarls required. However, in this case you will be taken through each procedure one-by-one to make sure that the differences rn each are hlghlighted, enabling you to better use these techniques in your workflows.
,lll
{l§
Right-click on the
lnput pane and select Collapse all folders (recursive) or Expand all folders (recursive).
Befer to the Appendix for a list of seismic interpretation shortcut keys.
Using a Simple Horizon lnterpretation Workflow
1. 0n the Processes pane, activate fhe Seismic
2.
interpretation From the
Process.
Window menu, insert a new lnterpretation
:,,ii
t§
window.
Try opening an
3.
Expand the Seismic maln folder and the setsmic survey from which you wish to display the seismic line.
Interpretation window
4
Display cross-line 470 in the Interpretation window. From the lnsert menu, select New interpretation folder. This step is necessary only for this exercise to ensure that you keep the work that you do separate and arranged. ln a
2D llne) and selecting OPen
5
bY
right-clicking on a seismic line (in-line/cross-line or a
interpretation window.
routine workflow, this step might not be necessary. Go to the Settings dialog box for the lnterpretation folder 7
.
B
that you created. 0n the lnfo tab, rename this folder
simple Hori
zon
Workflow folder. Bight-click Simple Horizon Workflow folderand use the menu to insert two new horizons.
Seismlc lnterpretation Preparation
.
299
J
l
.-¿
From the Seismic interpretation toolbat insert two more
.'
horizons. These horizons also wlll appear tn your new folder if that folder was active/bold when you inserted the
{§
Always ensure that the correct process, wlndow, and folder is activated.
new horizons. Rename the new horizons based on the horizon
10
É -¡
3D autotracked horizon 2D autotracked horrzon
>
Guided autoLracked horizon ManualIy int.erPreted horizon'
You also can change the name 0f the horizons on the tab in the Settings dialog box.
,¡
§-d¡
I
interpretation techniques:
. . o o
:i
:I
lnfo
-
*kr,i¡*¡ lTs*dtsrfdds t' §fu ill .Is*xesp,**dx*r¡#*s & i.-i :* *x*'lt***** nuttu*
# § §de
q'
20 a¡o¡¡cited hoÍtctl
'rii:
i-: *¡¿ueca**la*e¿ltotl¡*n
€*
n
M*x.*J§esp{Etid
>
>
h§ri¿ün I
ffi
>
§*tti*gn É*r'3D autotr*ckÉd heriz*n'
§§iS I
t*.
i
j:::i!
ffii
¡,t=*",
>
C¡lor:
rIL
Type: Domain:
tJ
b-l
tdet
Elerati+ntine
Er
,i:;;,:'.
+ 11
ri;'
(3
You can switch
between drfferent techniques on the same horizon at anY time.
0n the Functi0n t00lbar, click !nterpret grid horizon (H) iB, tn.n click one of these four icons, depending 0n h0w you wish to interpret y0ur h0r¡z0n 0r at what point you wish
-¿
to combine these technrques..--
. . . o
3D seeded autotracking
ié
2D seeded autotracking i"S
Guided autotracking i.{,,.-
Manual interpretation i*Y*. 12. Go to cross-line 470 and interpret different events using different methods based on their contlnuity and quality. To meth 300. Seismic lnterpretati0n Preparatlon
---
h=
-
hon Petrel Geophysics
\=
13. At the intersection of cross-line 470 and in-line
590,
interpret these events:
o . . .
l§
035 ms (peak) Manually interpreted horizon at -1330 ms (peak)
3D autotracked horrzon at
-1
Make sure the
horizon you want to interpret is bold in the lnput pane.
-1 870 ms (peak) Guided autotracked horizon -2015 ms (peak).
2D autotracked horizon at
this exercise, use default parameters for autotracking. You wrll work with prior specificatlons of the autotracking parameters later in the exercises. The manual rnterpretation allows you to virtually draw over the horizon ln the general intersection player toolbar, enter 25 for the increment and work across the cube to pick your horizons. For
#*#e&#&ici;; Press N or double-click to break your pick across the fault.
Display the faults that you have interpreted. Use a seismic ghost curve to help you pick the same event across the fault. To erase any pick, click the Eraser icon.
Petre (jeophVS cs
Selsm
c
nterpretati0n Preparatl0¡ .301
JÉ--
_l _l \-{ _l -,.-1
19.
the setsmic events, swltch between different seismic templates from the Selsmic interpretation
To help you pick
toolbar.
20. 21
Change the color by sliding the color table bars. *¡.,'.,;:-. ülÉ!IS*isr'i¿ (deiaul:i
r, ilGj
Change the display scale. Press Ctrl+ ShiÍt, hold down the left mouse button, and drag the mouse over the area that
you wish to display.
')) View the interpretation by inserting 3D and 2D windows from the Window menu and linking them to a visual group, as discussed in Module 2. Durrng horlzon picking, make composite lines in the
lnterpretation window using the icons in the toolbal as discussed in Module
>-á
the automated horizon interpretation. These parameter are important because they are key to good results for automated horizons. Setting and changing parameters are vitalfor allforms of autotracking including Seeded 3D, Seeded 2D, and Guided utotracki ng.
1.
2. iFi:. il
ll
i-,"""-
--.,: The
3. Autotracking
tab has been modified for
_l
l
>,.-¿
>-a
-l
-Ll
--/
Activate lhe Seismic interpretatio¡? process from the
Processes pane. lnsert a new horizon and name it
-
hori z on-
tracking_parameters. Bight-click on the horizon-tracking-parameters horizon and select Settings.
4.
r¡-J -]
Function
2.
Setting up Horizon Tracking Parameters ln this exercise, you will learn how to set tracking parameters for
a
b-¿
-) ,--¿
0n the Settings dialog box, open the Autotracking tab.
Petrel 2013.1
¡
¿
-=r ts
!.'
F
302. Seismic nterpretati0n Preparation
Petrel Geophysics
L-
=
I
a-E:*¿
I--
eurey
É*sic
&l
F's* e tesh§
t_{l
se*es*xm:
,?*
il]'f¿h6wr9e:
.1
ri
r;
l!
,,i
i}wxwrc*¡ fu.&¡sl
-...
...te;lr¡r* (h,
i
¡.t¡:
{r!s§&É
ffiÉ
l*Iül;l-l , ttl
,
+Fkr ,]t
:{l §pwapr* B.}*&* I
.
Id
¡ ) ) ;fGC § §r-r*rd"-
I ü**n¡¡a fw &p¡qg ñdei@ Li¡e
rrtds
ftaiftm§
üsrd*er$h: *uai*u {orde¡meud*y: -.. - ......--..j-} r.J
i.,is
i.:
iJl §sm*lissi*añd§* l,;
il
i&orer
at
Éelou: i¿ w6m{4*m)
¡!
§ffidsa.t*ru]
By default, the active seismic v0lume is selected. you can change the seismic volume by making the seismic cube bold in the !nput pane and dropping it onto the
Autotracking tab.
5. Select values or priori4t, euality, and Signal feature. 6. 0n the Parameters subtab, spec¡fy the Seid confidence f
percent, depending 0n how strong the amplitude is of the seismic event that you w¡sh to autotrack as your horizon.
Petrei Geophystcs
Seismic lnterpretation p,epiñt
on.
30e
.I >--
value is 100' by implying that any selecting 30% seed confidence, you are in the amplitu;e value below 30 should not be considered
For example, rf your average amplitude
1
.
autotracking. View your amplitude value range'
a. b. c.
is acttve Make sure that the lnterp.retation window Click Select/Pick mode i h that you wish to Drag the curs0r over the seismic event and time/ autotrack. lnformation such as the amplitude
0biect depth of the event is displayed 0n the
-J
l
{i
_l _l
b-J
-l L.,-J
information bar.
v_-l --¿ ü ¿
>-¿ b
lL
B. Further limit your autotracklng by specifying
9. 10
the amplitude
value range for better autotracking c0ntrol" is a dipping lf the seismic event that Y0u are autotracking refiectors 'lhis reflector, select Optimize for dippittg optron helps to fine tune the autotracking'
3
Click APPIY
(Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V)' Make á óopy of your horizon pane and keep 12. Leave the copied horlzon in the lnput to make it bold working on the original horizon Remember parameters 13. For betier results, further limit the autotracking
11
b
.
-
h¡<
a. Select t/se waYelet ffacking' b. Select a value for the Correlate with field from the
c.
droP-down list. quality' Use the slrder to set the Correlation
Petrel GeoPh'!
§
rf' I.
E
¡ 14.
aff-
Use different options for constraints 0n the Constraints subtab to Iimit y0ur autotracking.
'15.
to the lnterpretat¡on or 3D window and display the seism¡c section where you w¡sh to g¡ve y0u first seed point for autotracking. Go
-.i
|
6.
Click lnterpret grid horizon (H) e, then select rhe autotracking type. 17. lf you are dorng Seeded 3D autotracking, pick (using manual, guided or 2D autotracking method) some cross_ 1
-.-
Ir-_/1
t§
lt is always useful to keep a copy of your original horizon with the initral parameters because it can help you compare the results
between d fferent options. Then, you can keep the closest match to your model and discard the others.
lines and in-lines with a co,arse- glid over the cube, then BD rnck click the 3D Track button in the Settings
i*
dialog box" This step ensures that your picks are honored as seed points and can Iimit the time that you spend quality checking the autotracked horizon. 18. lnsert a new horizon and name it horrzorr
autotrackinq parameters
19
20
2.
Use other parameters and autotrack the same event that you tracked previously in this exercise. Compare the results.
Editing Horizon lnterpretations Manually and Automatically When attempting t0 constrain the tracking parameters to the extreme, the automatic interpretation often will not be performed" Sometimes, a pragmat¡c approach is better when deciding how much effort t0 use 0n automatic interpretation vs. results editing. This exercise shows you howto do manualediting as wellas a more efficient automatic editing Use Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V t0 copy and paste a seeded 3D autotracked horizon from your project.
1.
2 3
4
5 o.
Rename the copy Hori zon edrt. Display the horizon in a 2D window and an lnterpretation
window. Tile the two windows and link them to the same visual group. Do not forget to activate the cursor tracking for both windows. Make Horizon_edit active. Activate the 2D window
Per,e Geophysics Seismic Interpretatlon Preparat
0n.
305
É.
7.
Us-e-
¡--
ifi or Select by polygon
select
Bounding box
¡-
iÍiü to Oraw a rectangular boundary around an area that you wrsh to edrt.
B.
Delete the points by clicking
9.
Use the interactive Eraser (Shift+X)
Delete
ñ"
iB" to delete a part of your interpretation. You can change the eraser size by pressrng the plus (+) and minus (-) keys"
*
and Redo (Gtrl+Y) 10. Use Undo (Gtrl+Z) 1 Activate or lnsert a new 3D
window.
1
12.
L
'
Display Horizon-edit a¡d use Bounding box
.
i;:ri select 'l-h,
Select by polygon ii.th, o, Selection paintbrush
:,:E
:to
select multiple interpreted points.
Delete
S
the process actions bar to delete points
13
Use
14
d" to reinsert the deleted points. Click Undo
rn
L-_
L. L
L.-
a
L. I
the autotracked horizon and rename it Hori z on_Parent/Chi f d. 16 View the interpretation horizontally from east 0r west. Check for areas of misinterpretation.
15. Make a copy of
17. ActivateSelectsingle
t3
r'*l
Parent/child ecliting works only for autotracked
18.
horizons
li§
Cl¡ct on the Select
single point
Patent Points 'sil
icon from the
function bar before selecting parent points..
point §
and clickSelect
.
ln the 3D window, select a point within the area where the
interpretatron is incorrect. All of the points on the tracking path between the selected point and the seed point are activated (marked yel low). 19. 0uality control the highlighted path of the interpretation against the seismrc section to check exactly where the autotracking process failedto follow the right reflector.
20. Click Select child points {rl and click the failure point. All interpreted points inherited from the failed point are
L-
L,-
5¡r-
E L
bL
¡¡¡-
IL -t
activated.
21. Delete the selected points. Again y0u can undo the 22.
Saue your project.
/"-
-b
:-
l"5306.
Seismic lnlerpretatl0n Preparati0¡
Fetre Geira'
iL-
L
f'r_* I
<
-
I' aI. E.
r,-_
-,-
ar_f L' 1_ f f E f f --
r-_-
Horizon 0perations: Bulk Shifting a Horizon lnterpretation There are more than 75 different operations that you can do on lonzon interpretations in Petrel. This exercise gives some :xa
m
ples.
1. ln the lnput pane, copy and paste 3D autotracked
2. 3. 4.
5
horizon
to create a copy of it. Hename the copy Horizon Expand Horizon_A_shifted and open the Settings dialog box for the 3D seismic object. 0n the Operations tab, expand fhe Arithmetic
A shifted.
0perations folder and selecfZ=Z+ Constant. Enter 5 0 in the Constant field and click Run. The horizon interpretation is shifted 50 ms upward.
<
-
E.
I.
*
L=-
--*
rL__<
.
ion:tar¡t
:
Frr all i¡¡lueB ¡r the ahjal , appi,l
¡
" Z r üsnstE¡t
--r
r-,__.4
Experiment with some of the other operat¡ons. Seismlc nterpretat 0n Prepafai 0n.307
F Horizon 0perations: Smoothing a Horizon lnterpretation 1
Make a copy 0f Horizon_A_shifted and rename it
Hori zon_A_smoothed. 2
Expand Horizon_A_sm00thed and open the Settings dialog box for the 3D seismic object. 0n the Operations tab, under the Seismic operatilns
foldel select Gaussian smooth.
¡¡.i
!< _¿ L-J
F
-J
I
I
ts
)
I
frJ -)-/ ¡¡d
.l -l
a--a L.-
-J \.-
-J
L--
4. Use the default parameters and click Run. 5. Display Horizon_A_smoothed in a 3D window. 6. Try Median smooth with the default parameters. 7. lf you are not satisfied with the result, click Undo, change the parameters, and run it agarn (there is one undo step ava ila b le).
-J
\-
J
r-d
_l
-J L-
308. Seismic lnterpretati0n preparation
Petrel Geophys cs
¡--l
f=
E-
¡
a.-
a^ r--¡ ---l
a_ I_Ir-_rl
--_-{
Displaying and Annotating Horizons: Modifying the Seismic Horizon Display You can change the display style of the horizon interpretation easily
to surt your preferences.
1 2.
Open an From the
lnterpretation window. lnterpretation foldet display a seismlc
horizon.
For example, display
the 3D seeded autotracking horizon that you interpreted in the previous exercise.
* .$f ,q: §inrpl*fl*rir+rl
Wprkffoy¡frHer
, §&,y, §sf*r**d.esi!,"#iss
..r,S1:{ffi t&
l
'
li;:
t.-.; ü¡¡ideda¡:to*q**dirsr*§,1
,'
f,i}i i- t
-.: e* *uisrystrd hsriton lo1sñ'""ré§v
x:lerpr*tcd *r*rir*n
0pen the Settings dialog box"
Seismic nterpretation Preparation
o
309
J V L-
tr
0n the Style tab in the 2D and 3D interpretation area, selecf Points and experimentwith Pointtype and Slze. Click Apply for each new select¡on and observe the effects in your
6. l.
-"
B.
lnterpretation wlndow.
Select li¡zes and experiment with Line type and Width. Click Apply and observe the effects. ln fhe Neighbor sections area, select fhe Previous and y'y'exl check boxes. This functionality is another aid when
interpreting a horizon in an lnterpretation window. lt displays the tnterpretation from the incremental neighborrng seismic lines (controlled from the General intersection toolbar r
9.
lfl
-
l
f"-J
_l -l }--¿ h--¿
-_l \.J +l
)
Select color and slze for the display and review ¡t in the
lnterpretation
-l
wi ndow.
2D
3D
10.
ln the Crossing points area, make sure the
11.
check boxes are selected. ln the Annotation area, select the l'{ame check box to
and
display the horizon name in the Interpretation window. 12. Click Apply and see the difference.
l--)
l
y
i
J
-¿ L-¿ 4 t
-¿
4 -.d
ts¿ I
,-,k <
L.D
-< f.d
-k -<
310. Seismic lnterpretat 0n Preparat
0n
Petre Geophys cs
^=
f -*
¡
Q =*-"9:a
-:C
-:l= !'.' § Íi b
- =:--
----¿
É
*;ea cfidE*sg ,..
--§-
:té.ifis
aɡ
Sól,e
Lr+ t;Ée
S;*Éxl:
§:r: tiádéd *d!&3 i3ú @tl r'EfuW
,l ,ro
reffi.
cci*
Iteryre }§sirs :{:
t;'
§otiá
*.rdh:
*-
S¡rbol
'{
§¡e
li
3
ps§:tÉ
¿0
3ü
Lire
t g€
üa1aei cro*s
$t,pd«
*fdhr
Cdafr Éo.t
'13
ln the
lnterpretation window, find and select
a cr0ssing
2D line. 14
0bserve how the 3D interpretatron is projected 0nto the 2D line.
15
Use Guided autotrackrng and interpret along the line.
Double-click when you are satisfred with the result. 17. ln the lnput pane, find and expand y0ur active horizon.
16
There are n0w two interpretation survey filters, one for the 3D volume and one for 2D lines. 1B
Clear the 3D seismic filter and 0bserve that the projected 3D interpretation is gone.
19. Select the
3D seismic filter again Se smic
ifterpretat on Preparat
0
r
.
31
1
20
21
Display a 3D in-line or cross-lrne agarn. Make sure the newly interpreted 2D line crosses it. The crossing 2D interpretatron is marked with a symbol. ln the Settings dialog box on the Style tab, activate a 3D window. The Settings dialog box changes to reflect the new window type.
I
Re*n*mode
2D
iftedáisn tñiñr
'g;
Lircs PonLs
Line §!e: vdidthr
Sclid
-
t.n'bol
¿
i:¿ ]D
r
iemetr ¡"
Sl.,le:
L-.ll
!!lU
¿ tBlLs
Cell
si?e:
bli
1
(ellheiqr'il
5
lilded¡l
Pl¡rk
--L
lensFerency:
,
Resllúimi
lft ltemA*e
il
::"_. .. .
..
U¡il¡ftr
-L-
¡
¡.;
Display a seismic horizon from the !nput pane. LJ. Zoom in on the interpretation. 22
0n the Style tab, under 3D, change Style to Points and click Apply. The rnterpretation is shown as po¡nts. 25 Change Style to Triangle surface and click Apply ?6 Botate the 3D view and zoom in if needed. 21 Change Style to Cell box. Zoom in until separate cell boxes 24
are identified.
28. Change Cell height to 20. 312. Selsmic Interpretatl0n
Preparatl0n
Petre Geophysics
--L
<
L I---r
L' f af af I--r
I--
I---
I-
-
Flattening a Horizon and Generating Flattened 3D Volumes l¡ this exercise, y0u will learn how to flatten the horizon whlle nterpreting it. Horizon flattening is very important during structural or stratrgraphic interpretatr0n. lt also can help you quality check vour picks. ln this exercrse, y0u
1.
-.-
f
Er-<
a flattened 3D seismic volume.
Activate an lnterpretation window from the Windows pane 0r lnsert a new lnterpretation window from the
2. 3.
I---
-
will create
Window
menu.
Display cross-ltne 544. From your acliue
lnterpretatiln folder, display a horizon
that you want to flatten. Right-click the horizon in the lnput pane and select Flatten
horizon. .¡ S¡rsle tbri:ffi ltnrldl+u B /, l¡l.nié.B srü!"ir l.?.rs iiij I 3[ aut'.tr-rked I'rai:tn
folder
I
::.'-:
I .:
, I .. r::
:--
?tr alfttnÉike,J hsd¡nfi Guided autaimcked hnri¡an É:€+§i.n§s+#s=+qi:4iiEsE+]¡-s5-+
E'-' .l-§:. "iiili+:-a:di:;ns it, f,¡; r
L'
l=¡
Ir.-_<
l!¿3
G
L=j
& ñ ,r:,
i¡il:i a:iarii. !^,iri:rf liil
ar,lj:
ai¡i:ri ir ilai¡'i!
---r
tr
lr,it]1 1'.irii:nf,'!LlE:E i:,f¡uÉ
,td§
iiIr!
ffi
1*C L'Éi¡!r :ifL:llf¡l
¡i¡riL1!la
Ía Itiipr:i¡iiir, ¿l
ili Eli,rl: .
lii: : r:: ,l':::1:i:,_ f:' l:.. : i' : ll ,:i:"_ ' fi¡iiÉi h§fi:rf;
-
i!
1r,::¡q:i
l'\
0bserve the flattened horlzon. You can hide the pick by toggling off the horizon in the Input pane so that you can see the event clearly and decide whether or not you want to refine your pick. You can reftne your pick whtle your horlzon rs still flattened. Unflatten the horzon by right-clicking it and cleartng
Flatten horizon
rn
the menu. Seismlc nterpretat 0n Preparati0n '313
J
--l L.J
Generating Flattened 3D Volumes
I
I
ln this exercise, you willgenerate a flattened 3D volume. You must have a surface created from a seismic horlzon. Because you will
learn howt0 create a surface later ln this training, you can use a surface that is already available in your project.
1.
2.
lnput pane, right-cllck the seismic cube mig [Crop] [Realized] 1 and select lnsert flattened volume. A virtual ln the
¡L-J
--J, r..J
1
seismic volume named Flattened 1 is created. ln the lnput pane, expand fhe Surfaces folder that you imported using the Reference proiecttool in Module
3.
I
-¿ -+
1
and choose CARACAS. ln the Settings dralog box for the virtual volume, go t0 the Flattening tab and insert CARACAS using the blue arrow in the Beference surface field.
4.
Click Apply. The seismic volume ls flattened on the
reference surface and a new folder named Flattening surfaces is created and stored in the lnput pane.
, f- l:
ffi i*l üARAilAs+I&?§
5.
¿
Flaitening turfaces
+
1
Display the original and the flattened seismlc cubes in a 3D
window.
6. 1.
Create and activate a new lnterpretationfolder. 0n the Flattening tab rn the Settings dialog box of the Flattened 'l volume, click lnsert interpretation horizon in
=L
+
active folder Lrye n new horizon is created that you can
B.
L
interpret directly in the flattened space. Actrvate fhe Seismic interpretation process and interpret the horizon at a level below CARACAS. While interpreting, switch between un-flattened and flattened spaces by clicking Un-flatten and FIatten. This will convertthe objects in the table and help to c0ntrolthe i
rc
314. Selsmic Interpretatlon
Preparatl0n
1.
fh +
nterpretation.
10. Highlight other existing interpretations
1
.+
in the
lnput
pane
and click letr] rn the dialog box to add them to the table. Click Flatten to visualize them in the flattened space.
+
Petre Geophysics
r_
ndFr'! oanndeB EeeHLe su-dce
@ - ..-- .t
.--l
-¿crdeús.ri. Flnten¡¡!
level
§
I _r
Obtedst0
co¡veÍ nfldil
:lR¡Cl+
r¡i Arffile
lr
Blev*ion ot
'Efffin¿e
surtEcB
r_l,t i
sFace
+- ¡.=.; -'. -¡t !k:-'-,.i,,-.
-. L¡}E tts r-{!-l
,;:
§,1
I
I
,fu
l€i i l
l
l
ll I
i I
Creating 2D Grid Surfaces with the Make/Edit Surface Process Ihe Make/edit surface process is commonly used as a qu¡ck way to create surfaces (2D grlds) that you can use to quality check the nterpretation, perform surface operations, and extract information from the seismic data.
1.
2.
Display one of your interpreted horizons ln a 3D wrndow. ln the Processes pane, under Utilities, open the
Make/edit surface
process.
Se sm c lnterpretati0n Preparati0f
.315
J -J ,-ra
-l l¡-J
bb¿
-J
:l b¿
¡¡-J
-_t L¡
-l
I
y-/ y-.¿
-¿
L-l
_.¡-
¿
L-¿
--¡-
,_-a
L-a _-¡!
I
Lr + a
J.
4.
Make your selected horizon bold and drop it into the Main input field. Toggle on fhe Name check box and enter a name f 0r your output surface. For this exercise, enter
Sur 5.
316
.
Seismlc lnterpretation Preparati0n
face_hori
z
on 1.
CIrck,Suggest settingsfrom input and select Seismic tines (high density) option. A method based on the rnput type is suggested, but you can
6
select other methods. 0pen the Geometry tab.
1
Selecl Autontatic (from input data/boundary). Petrel Geophys c:
lk
tr L-
tr t-r -¡.
o o.
Set a suitable grid increment (for example, 100 x 100). Toggle on Mqke boundary.fi'om ruain input and extend it with I J nodes and enter 1 (one grid cell
I
outsrde the data limit). Click 0K to create the surface. 11. Display Surface_horizonl ln the 2D or 3D window and compare it with the interpreted data. 4a IL Go to the Style tab in the Settings dialog box to 10
select annotation properties for the surface display.
d; &: bdd levek
. i:t
¡;.:e baric
*§ ii;::':*iJ
Fant:
:5
Stad:
3§§
l*ryvai;
3S{S
ra¡iÉ
The next step is t0 produce another surface based on the same input, while lrmiting the output inside a closed polygon.
13. Be-open Íhe Make/edit surface process. 14. Click in the Besult surface fleld and press Delete. 15. Click No ln the confirmatlon dialog box. 16. 0n the Geometry tab in the Boundary section, toggle off Make boundaryt.from main input and extend ít with []J nodes. Petre GeophVsics
Se smic
lfterpretatlon Preparatl0n. 317
.I
a -J l-,
tab' drop a closed polygon 17. 0n the Make surface the Boundary field. \nfhe Make/edit polygons 1B il;;k. . new polygon t
9.
Process 'Change
(use a 2D wrndow)' the name of the polygon t0
tn
a--,
:l_J
Limited-
..r
surface' 20
Click APPIY
>--l
the 3D window' 21. Display Limited-surface in
:-l
Smoothing Surfaces
1.
2.
1 v
Óox for Surface-hot)zonl 0pen the Settíngs diafog exerclse' that you created in the prevtous the Surface expand 0n the 0perations tab'
oPerations folder'
3.SLlectSmoothandkeepthedefaultparameters,
¿ -L--'
L_
¡
=i
C
3l
=--s . s.
i,
Pettel
* i, nt. I
tp
retati
0
n
P
re
p a
rati
o
n
Ge¡:'
)t
ffi
!*ttir,qs f*r'5urfare_-¡'.ari¿*n1' IrFEr:ti.-,rs
l_, r--
L LL r.I
L--
frrsti;:r: l* .;-'+ LLnAILTi lF+Eltlfs ..+ ;- -,.trttrtI3ti nI§ri 1 ;--. :Ln::i-s-n::iaF+riti:r:i , ;-^ .t ;--^rrlrMEer:ltrt 1
|
ilr
.Ar'¡le
,l L-. , , . t :{3:f;5t!: lLrTilla¡i t L tñnlí,f :,E{l=11:,f 3
-
li Il/\
]!n::t:,8{r=il:.rS tsF,caiesrir ' I /fuÉ--. ry-ffi-F= r'i ;l
tu f¡
E,1r tF:J
H9
L.rF
jte .riilir h,:.^:;r¡
F:, lr.rrq-+
¿rrf
ulT
-
1_ I
t_
L I
L L L L L L I":
--.4
Ú'L-4
r:-1
4. tr J.
F.-
6
Click L§$ to create a new object. Click Run Display Surface_horizonl: Smooth in a 3D or 2D
window
r
1
Modify the surface by changing the parameters, then run the operation again"
I.
..;.
Petrel Geophys cs
JL-
*--
Se smic lnterpretat
0f Preparai 0n.319
¡-F fr-
Review 0uestions
L
1. Mention four methods to digitize horizons in petrel. What
2. 3.
are their importance? can you flatten 3D seismic cubes and horizons in petrer? rf yes, how?
L--
What are the available signal tracking feature options in horizon autotracking mode? Does the Seed Confidence option in horizon autotracking specify the minimum value for the seismic amplitude as a
L-L.-
a
percentage of the seed point?
L--
Summary ln this module, you learned about:
.
L.-
accessing and using the horizon interpretation function
toolbar a a a
o
a a
changing horizon settings and parameters opening and using the lnterpretation manager rnterpretrng horizons using different techniqués using these interpretation tools Seeded 3D autotracking
. . .
l¡.l
¡rL-r
Seeded 2D autotracking Guided autotrackrng
performing manua I interpretations editing horizons and parent/child relationships
o o
filteringinterpretations
o o
shifting and smoorhing) flattening horizons annotating horizons.
l--
"=
correcting horizon problems using horizon operations (bulk
_d
!=.¡ §i
J
l
L.
I I
_)
¡'.-J
:l L.
322. Seismic l¡terpretatlon preparati0n Petrel Geophysics
_l
f_¿
^l
Module 5 Seismic Restoration 2D
-
this module, you will learn about seismic restoration in petreland how to build restoration models. Irr
Learning 0bjectives After completing this module, you will know how to:
. . .
f f f
explain why seismic restoration is useful for interpreters use the restoration workflow set restoration attributes.
-.<
r----.. t--
L--
Petrei Geophysics
Selsmrc Festoratton 2D
.323
J Lr
_J L--¿ Lesson 1
-
Seismic Restoration for 2D Horizons
--l
l
L-r
lnPetrel,youcanuseac0mplexfaultnetwOrkt0doseismicbalanctng
(§
You can select and use more than one horizon al
(one of several) t0 a and reconstruct 0r restore seismic horizons engine' enabling ,p..¡ii.O flat level. This process uses a geomechanical interpretation from a geologically valid
b-
point of view.
L--
ylu to vatrOate the structural
the same time.
tuning' A single The process requires very little user interacttgn,and is modelthat pre-populated with click allows you to creatá a restoration rn the lnterpretat¡on ,tt ot rt . interpretation objects that are visible during the process' select thatyou window. You can flatten the horizons
= !-L-Ll-
l-¡-
tr
ir-
r¡L tr
I -
I 324. Seismlc Restoration
2D
I ,l
---_-
rl-L=_<
¡-,
I.
L.
f Lf -.
---
fhe Restoration model process automatically builds a restorat¡on model that uses all objects in the scene to define the fault structural networks and the different zones The model ls stored in a global
I.
-.
Restoration Model
-
,
Restoration models folder in the Models pane. Restored seismic sections allow you to visualize
o . . . o .
well tops surfaces
virtual attnbutes polygons points 3D grid properties.
Restoration Workflow The Restoration workflow ls an iterative process.
Analr/¿e
the seismic
section
.;,i;'itl:!
...:
i
Se smic Hestoral on 2D
.325
.t
a >.-.{
Procedure
Restoring a Seismic Section
display opán an lnterpretation window and 1. For Restoration,
a
random line' or a 2D line)in seismic sectron (inline, crossline' time or dePth domarn'
ig tsrel2013,1(64'bi§b# le""t"nu1Yl
¡nn5l
i$1-l ' Msk rc#rdidñ
.H
_J Lr
_l
-l
t--J
¿§ ñddél1
l-ra
v _-] l.3
Lr
ü q! !ñÉ
É l¡
iriEiprE!áfui
6t Vú!!He 4$!u1eE
§uHeri átillrr1q! '+ ii,i turr,¡ret: t¿u[ ¿*r¿ilo¡ l{ ME[erEor§ ñeder
*
}''f.
üEibúBYliie'PratÉtei
& ¡6&á aÉÉE6dai¿E'*l s{§{lnrqt ita6§Yarb Cwar Po,.t §ñdddg '
PF¡PEd,
hodalt9
r,5(kt§ réBÚr¡
modE¡rhC
l.¡"
We¡l 8ng¡re§!{t§
A MdEel!dlF¿lr!Én¡ 4á Mdks¡edilruhre ffi friéh". ñÉlE Í ':l i' lr4lh EEilmdlr!¡ mr-.¿ picked ln the Function window, create a crosspl0t of the
B.
I
IWT against the lnterval vel0clty attributes of AllCheckShots.cs.
.)
::J
--_:-.1:-.,-,.-"-':.-----..--
,:rr
:.i
tl
:
:
;: i
i.; .¡j
.F j.
H L--
,
-
i
¡--
¿
'lt
l¡-F
I
h , identify any outlying point' Click Select/pick mode and cllck it. The corresponding row in the check-shots spreadsheet is now highlighted. You can edit the row or delete it.
10. Click
,..,-...,: Editing or deleting any check shot ¡loint will influence the calculated velocitLes down to the next check-shot pair. Make sure that the resulting interval ,J
* tr i'
velocity is still within the
11
Select using freehand draw'@'
L. unO
draw
D
a
polygon ln the Function window that captures some outlying points. All points that fall lnside the polygon are now highlighted rn the spreadsheet You can move the polygon or edit any of the polygon nodes. Click Gancel in the spreadsheet so that you do not change
the orrginal check-shot data. and go 12 Open tñe Settings dralog box for the Wellsfolder to the Time tab.
normal range of values. The changes you make in the
372
.
Depth Conversio¡
L. L. [-
-3
L.
spreadsheet do not take effect until you click APPIY or 0K.
L-
!.
Petrel Ge:c
L-
¡
13
AllCheckShoÍs.cs check box and move it to the top 0f the ltst. Make sure that it ls the only entry in Toggle 0N fhe
the list that rs selected. This setting determines whlch time-depth relationship is used when calculating V0 and in fhe
Make velociQ model
K
process.
Clrck Run, then click 0K. *$ Settieg:for'Yfell:'
.-., Fmm shaed ci¡eekshat
lt,
From vElocft/
t:
fú¡itiB¡
,--,. ,Ll I
'J
j
iüt¿l *¡tt*t-siG* lr: l
At
BT
Al
Scfl._
I
UH
¡
I
l l
ll *,,,:l tr$-:i i¡Jr§l IMP0RTANTT All remaining steps in this exercise are optional
Depth Convers on
.
373
15.
ln the Well Tops I > Attributes folder, make TWT Auto the active attribute. 16. ln the Stratigraphy folder of Well Tops l, right-cllck CARACAS and select Convert the active afiribute to
points.
17. Click No
in the dialog box that displays. The new point
data appears at the bottom of the lnput pane and is named CARACAS (TWT Auto).
18. 0pen the Settings dialog box for the point data. 19. 0n the Operations tab, expand lhe Arithmetic operations tolder. 20
UseZ=Z-Surface(x,y)
21
ln the !nput pane, find fhe Surtacesfolder and click the
blue arrow to drop CARACAS into it.
ffi
ro Click Create new obiects in the same folder that you do not to overwrite the original point data. 23 Click Run t0 create time difference points between the well tops and the time-interpreted surface. (lf there was a perfect match between the surface and well tops, all point values would be 0, but this is not the case.) 22
24
Click 0K
25. Under Utilities, open the Make/edit surface process. 26. Delete the object from Besult surface, if there is one, and 27
.
Lr
¡-
click YES in the dialog box that opens" Drop rn the newest pornt data set (f rom the bottom of the
lnput
_\-
s
pane) as Main rnput.
28. 0n the Algorithm tab, selectMoving averagefor Method. 29. 0n the Geometry tab, select,4 utomatic (from input data/boundary). 30
CIick 0K.
J1.
a1
Open a new 3D window.
JL,
Toggle on the surface in the lnput pane and observe the
,}
¡-_
surface against the point data. aa
.).1
ln the same 3D window, display the surface CARACAS and
Well Tops 1 filtered on CAHACAS. Make sure the display setting for the 3D window is TWT. Try to determine which well does not fit the time-interpreted surface. n a new 374.
Depth Conversion
Well
5
t-
window Petrel Geophysics
¡.-
E fE\
-J
-._f -
Select wells Fluorite-A7, Jade-A4, and Mica-A3. Jb. Display Well Tops 1. JJ.
3l
Under Globalwell logs, click
3B
Expand Al I Ch e c kS h ots. cs > Attri b ute s.
39
Display the lnterval velocity check-shot attribute in the well section. There is no obvious deviating velocity trend in Fluorite-A7 compared to the other two wells. At this point,
DT.
there is n0 reas0n to not trust the time-depth relationship for this well. &! ,i1
I
Depth Convers on
.
375
I
I
)
5.-.¿
, Defining Velocity Model lntervals between time ln most cases, veloclty model intervals are defined Petrel because in prerequisite a interpretation surfaces. This is not to define ,un use horizons (from the 3D grid) and c0nstants
-/
fo,
interval boundaries as well. from 3D grids You ln this exercise, intervals are based on hortzons
will define several velocity models from these intervals'
1.
open the ln the Processes pane under Geophysics'
-L-
M a ke vel oc i tY mode I Process'
2. 3. 4. 5.
Click Append item in the Change
6.
table:'dj'
.L
type t0 Horizon and leave
Correction set to None' Set the Model tYPe to V=V0+K"Z'
{sre€tii}¡l -*'rli*l 1
ih. But. interval
L
lists: Make these selections from the drop-down V0: Well TDB - Surface
' '
K:
Well TDB
-
>
Constant'
Hdel
x'r*" I r r'erl rnR - l*"t**' four more Click Append item in the table ffi to insert vo.e*r¿
entr¡es.
[
w
u'*tt rnR--
ihis action dupllcates the previous setup for the
it manually' remaining intervals, so you do not have to do new 0n the Make velocity model tab, select Greate and name the new model
vell'tod
well
data
L.
.L,
L
uncorrected. ó.
v
t0 Z' lnÍhe Convert from drop-down llst, select TWT the from SBD select then lnÍhe Datumaróa, select Time,
drop-down list. (found under 10. ln the Models pane, expand 3D Grid model New modell and its horlzons.
É
L
L
¡>
¡-
t-L-
L 376
.
Petrel GeoPhYsics Depth Converston
f= L' LLU L_ 1f U ---t a---t
.:=
-
3 :< Multiple drop in the table iiÉi an¡ c ic< 're c r¿ tc slru laneolsly drop ali horizons ln the first ,',r',',
--
---_\ Ei.
t¡
--
T
TC\\'.
.q \li!i !.I.d¡iv Fr+dei '':-: i :::. _::a ltf:s : e
r" r
§ TimÉ:
i-
E r= f
r_
-{
,:n
v lo'
I
'
SFlt
C{}-rar:
4jÉére Nc¡e
H¡fl?et:
Harz*
¡
] ;?:l
Hsri:¡r
1
a-
Vell-1.rd ',"iell Elala l-"ln'qreüt¿d
ft,-
l:.
r-^
--{
ne'i'r
t¡tr_ Frl§¡ ñü
E_-\
-.
ae¡t¿
illJll,ill¡
i¡=V3+lfi
KCBE
N+re
F;Fl§
¡l*.e
5nL
H§a?of,
Vjlt*§;
l.lcne
.J-iñ-rl
I
V0, \,,/*tl
T8ñ
-
§it"qe
!.iell TOR - Sufale J0 r.'..re]i fSF. - Sudx:
tJü:
r'1¡léll TDR'tror K: l',.;ál TÜF' - Llsmt¿¡i K: !'Jell
f=Vü*lt"!
\"=\,t+lf!
K 'v.§!lTDÉ
r,rü:
lellTEñ'
§r¡fáre
lr.:
TDH - l¡n:t¡r,1
\{el1 TDF -
Cei:tarl
you will use these intervals for the remalning vel0city modeling function definitions' exercises, changing 0nly the different velocity
Well Creating an Uncorrected Velocity Model using Data Thetime-depthrelationshipsalreadyestablishedareusedt0Create a velocity model with n0 correct¡0n'
1.
ln the
Make velocity model dialog box' click
iY§@ 2
(if the settings are
n.t already shown) A
box set of subtabs displays in the lower part of the dialog Correction sure make tab, 0n the Gorrection and output is set to None. Use the default settings for the remaining
parameters. '0n
the Well TDR estimation tab, observe that only the Linear velocity subtab is available because a linear function is selected for all intervals' Leave these
velocity settlngs as they are and click 0K t0 generate the velocity model.
Depth Conversion o 377
,*Al
L--4
-l )
L-¿
4. 5. 6. 1
.
B.
Perform a quality check of the velocrty model. lf a spreadsheet rs opened, it will have no entries because no correction has been done at this stage. Close or iconlze the spreadsheet. Go to the Models pane and expand Velocity models> ln a 3D window, display CARACAS against Well Tgps
l¡dD
it-
I
I
I
L--J
.l,ln
.
1
the
toolbar drop-down list. 0bserve the mismatch between the well tops and holzons in depth. This is what you willtry to eliminate in a corrected velocrty model. The welltop for Fluorlte-A7 is high above the horlzon in depth. The time and depth pick of this marker is too high for both models, which you can test by displaying the data in TWT and TVD. However, the trme-depth relatronshtp is good, as demonstrated by ihe check shots in a Well section window. lt is the initial depth pick that needs
I
J
lE-J
L--¡ L--a
!.
L--¡
-
-/
correction" ln the next exercise, you
will clear thls well top before
correctrng the velocity model to the well tops.
¡--d
+
L--r f ¡--r ! t"-
+
L-
3
¡,-
l+ f
E 378
.
Depth Conversion
-
-/
VelMod well data uncorrected> Horizon. Change the time-depth settings to TVD
-_l
Petre Geophvslcs
I
ln the
lnput pane, right-click WellTops I and open the
spreadsheet.
i0
Find the CARACAS well top for Fluorite-A7 and clear it in
fhe Used by dep.cony column. (you can use the Well
filter in the dialog box to find it.) 11
f=
ta-.^
-E{f
fafL= -É¡
h-¡
Click 0K
Creating a Gorrected Velocity Model Using Well Data 1. Open the Make velocity model process. 2. Set well tops in lhe Correction columnfor all five
3. 4.
5.
entries ln the lnput pane, expand Welt Tops / and drop the correct well tops into the Stratigraphysubfolder.
Select Create new, name the new
well data corrected,
modelvelMod
and leave the intervals as
defined.
0n the Correction and output tab, take these actions: ln Íhe Correcfion section, select Adiust and Use
a.
influence radius and enter an influence radius of
b.
1000 feet. lnthe Aueuf section, select the Time logs and Velocie /ogs check boxes and make sure the Make well report and Reset sheetfirst check boxes are selected.
F--I
af a!r-{
l---¡
-L-f¡
--¡ Depth Conversion
.
379
, -) E-{
-) ¡l il.!. ldaei* $de|
'
aár
E-,
:J
*s&:
,--¿ *) L-J
-J _l
L-.J á t6','c.:ilii;lesr,i¿. §*iT-¡§t:!!-'1..il Oi
*¡*
t¿so,c,
¡
tl -rre:&:#':
¡
* tr
Ct.\.refr
liu§*H*ñd:
r::-#bs if*.¡s*
:
fr;'r*§iq5
ñtr:
:": lm.r,
fi.&of f@s
*i: ,*'a**:*m *. ': , a¿rr"§ & e ¿es j-:
ri
*
J-¿ > /
:&i
Le*fr¡#¡*r 6k: ' ,*,:{,,1:
ú qd
+l
ll .ia
d 'ei i,, ,!, aels*t
at. i!, sáE
*sl&::: r€3#i
ust
¡-a L
¡> b.
0n the Well TDR estimation tab, Linear veloc¡ty (This select¡on *U,un, click 0ptimize for estimation of K the gives a best esiimate of V0 and K, while still honoring rate of increase of velocitY). wlll downSelect Use data weights. This command
weight data points with large residuals' 1.
l*!.
E E
Select these outputs: Time-depth
. . . o
]L
L.
Velocity Error
L
Data Po¡nts.
É L
E L-
380
.
Petr
Depth Converslon
el GeophYsic:
FL
B
Clrck 0K t0 generate the veloctty model.
luEU tuuS
e
l,,linimum depth h4inimum
relacñ¡
lclin
i
TDE samples:
oi ¡one sampled
I
iJi TDR
üpt¡m¡¡* fnr eetimatiün ül K
Eü
--''-'
Robust rs'tim¡tinn
;,,1 Use well ','*eiglrt*
r]l
fi'lin numberu{
lvlin numher
cf ivells
Use data,¡leil¡lts
Ease rwell ir¡terseütir,n:
l+rrecti¡.n
r-r
TÜF int+rs+¡ti*1,'
ft,lat number,l iterations:
I'ffi
Trleran*e:
:,,ífi
--i
EstimetÉ and adjust tn ba*e
'lutE,ut '"'elacitl loqs §$ Tin e l':gs ll .r Time.Jepth i \,Eli'chl ,pto
9.
,.d
hlú in,::
]
Enrr
l.iumber uf s¡mFle¡:
lat
Data noints
After the modelrng process is finished, check the well report and focus on CARACAS. Fluorite-A7 has not been c0rrected as spectfied ln the Well tops spreadsheet and descnbed rn the previous exerclse.
10.
Close 0r icontze the well report.
1'1. Perform quality c0ntrol on the horizons and focus on CARACAS
12
13
Under Velocity mldels in the Models pane, expand VelMod well data corrected> Horizons. Display CARACAS in a 3D wrndow and expand it in the
Models
pane.
Change time-depth setttngs for the wlndow to TVD ustng. Compare the horizon in depth wlth the corresponding well
tops.
IB
0pen a new Function window. ln the Models pane, expand VelMod well data corrected> ac data. 0bserve the content infhe Zone: Datum - CARACAS folder.
19
Plot any of the functions in the Depth/velocity functions folder. Depth Conversion.3Sl
= 20
Open the Settings dialog box for the velocity model
21
VelMod well data corrected and click the 0perations tab Expand the Velocity conversion folder and observe the available operations.
22
SelecI
"5.
=-
Averctge velocie cube (inc)and leave the
default parameters
23.
Ensure fhaf Use input domain type is selected. Thrs option creates the volume in the time domain.
?4
Click Run. The realized velocity volume VelMod well data corrected [Realized] appears in a new survey folder at the
bottom of the Sersm ic main folder in the Input pane. Display the default in-line and cross-line from the velocity cube in a 3D window. 26 Change the time-depth settings for the window to TWT. 21. lf necessary, update the colors for the seismic velocity
!
25
=
cube.
Greating a Velocity ModelWith Uncertainty
lrl
So far, you have defined interval velocities in a deterministic way
within the Velocie modeling process. The next step is to do stochastic velocity modeling; that is, to incorporate uncertainty into the process.
1. 0pen the Make velocity model process. 2. Use the same setup for this velocity model as you did for 3"
the last velocity model that you created. Click Create new and name the new modelvelMod
uncertaint.y.
4.
Click
Activate uncertainty page
H
ff,,
Std Dev.
coiumn and the Uncertainty tab are activated. Enter the standard deviation as constant values for each of the velocity model intervals. 6
0n the Uncertainty tab:
a. b.
I 382
.
Depth Conversion
Change Variogram type to Spherical and assume isotropy. (Keep the default ranges and azimuth).
Toggle 0N the check box.
lconize uncertainty error surface
L L--¡ 1-
¡-
l
L]
I
LI
tsl
-l \-J
---l
L.
_l
L--{
_-l
¡L,
Click 0K Petre Geophys cs
-J
-Lr
rL-
L-
r-\
l4§;*&iiy'i*¿§' +¿
View more...
Comments
