Manual Monitor Dixtal DX2010
March 28, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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X`s `stfcbs tfcbs gf @eo @eokr krcbêèk cbêèk fc X Xb büg ügf f
G] 1424 BIBQCF GFQ@_BÊÈK
CFEV
FXH WFIB
CFEV
X@XWFCB GF CKE@WKQBÊÈK G]1424
CKE@WKQ _ÃGFK @EWFQEK IHG
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk
G@]WBI A@KCÀG@HB
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
XVCÂQ@K 2. @EWQKGVÊÈK
47
1. XFJVQ XFJVQBEÊB BEÊB 1.2 Hibss`o`hbêèk f X`cakikj`b 1.1 Trfhbuêöfs 1.8 Hu`gbgks hkc k Fqu`pbcfetk 1.7 Ekrcbi`zbêèk 1.6 Hkefxèk hkc kutrks Fqu`pbcfetks 1.? Fcabibjfc, Wrbespkrtf f Brcbzfebcfetk
46 4? 4: 4= 40 40 40
8. @EXWBIB @EXWBIBÊÈK ÊÈK 8.2 @estbibêèk Fiàtr`hb gk Fqu`pbcfetk 8.1 Tb`efi Wrbsf`rk 8.8 Hkefxèk gks Hbaks
24 24 22 21
7. KTFQBÊÖF KTFQBÊÖFX X AÂX@HBX AÂ X@HBX 7.2 Tb`efi Orketbi
28 28
7.1 k Fqu`pbcfetk 7.8 I`jbegk Xbãgb pbrb X`ehrke`sck (X@EH) 7.7 Tb`efi gf Hketrkif 7.6 Oueêöfs gbs Wfhibs gk Tb`efi gf Hketrkif 7.? Fehkgfr Øpt`hk Qktbh`kebi
27 27 26 26 20
6. CFEV TQ@EH@TBI 6.2 Hkeo`jurbegk k Fqu`pbcfetk 6.1 Bibrcfs 6.8 Wfib 6.7 Ifcarftfs 6.6 Qfj`strk 6.? Wbafib 6.: Fvkiuêèk
12 11 18 16 84 81 87 8?
?. G@BJQBCB F FXRVFCB FXRVFCB ?.2 G`bjrbcb gf Aikhks gbs Oueêöfs Tbrh`b`s ?.1 Gfshr`êèk Aâs`hb gks Aikhks ?.8 Fsqufcb gk Fqu`pbcfetk
74 74 74 72
:. CBEVWFEÊ CBEVWFEÊÈK, ÈK, I@CTF\B F FXWFQ FXWFQ@I@\BÊÈ @I@\BÊÈK K :.2 Cbeutfeêèk Hkrrft`vb :.1 Cbeutfeêèk Trfvfet`vb Wàhe`hb :.8 Cbeutfeêèk Trfvfet`vb Tfik Kpfrbgkr :.7 I`cpfzb f Fstfr`i`zbêèk :.6 Xuast`tu`êèk gks Ousãvf`s
78 78 78 78 77 76
=. TQKAIFCBX F XKIVÊÖFX
7:
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
1
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
0. BHFXXØQ@KX
7=
24. FXTFH@O@HBÊÖFX WÀHE@HBX 24.2 Gfshr`êèk gk Trkgutk 24.1 Hibss`o`hbêèk 24.8 Fspfh`o`hbêöfs Jfrb`s
64 64 62 62
22. WFQCK GF JBQBEW@B JBQB EW@B
68
21. GBGKX GK OBAQ@HBEWF OBA Q@HBEWF
67
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
8
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
2
@EWQKGVÊÈK
K G] 1424 à uc Hbrg`kshøp`k gf X`eb`s _`tb`s Ckguibr hkc _ãgfk @etfrek IHG, prkguz`gk pfib A@KCÀG@HB, gfst`ebgk ä pfg`âtr`hks bca`fetfs fmksp`tbibrfs pbrb cke`tkr`zbêèk gksG@]WBI s`eb`s v`tb`s gf pbh`fetfs bguitks, efkebtb`s, rfstr`tb ä uc pbh`fetf gf hbgb vfz. K Fqu`pbcfetk à hkest`tuãgk pkr cøguiks `etfreks prà-hkeo`jurbgks f cøguiks fxtfreks. Tr`eh`pb`s hbrbhtfrãst`hbs gk G] 1424< Bitb oifx`a`i`gbgf eb cke`tkr`zbêèk cke`tkr`zbêèk gks g`vf g`vfrsks rsks pbrácftrks o`s`kiøj o`s`kiøj`hks, `hks, btrbvàs gb hkeo`jurbêèk pfik kpfrbgkr. Bprfsfetbêèk gbs hurvb hurvbss f pbrácftrks fc _ãgfk IHG Hkikr`gk gf Cbtr`z Bt`vb. Fvfetks blustâvf`s pfik kpfrbgkr. Blugb eb tfib. Kpfrbêèk btrbvàs gf cfeu gf o`hmbs. Hkeo`jurbêèk butkcât`hb btrbvàs gb `esfrêèk/rft`rbgb gk cøguik gf fxpbesèk. @etfjrbêèk hkc Hfetrbi gf Cke`tkr`zbêèk O`s`kiøj`hb. @cprfssèk gf gbg gbgks ks f kegbs pkr `cprfsskrb `cprfsskrb ibsfr ibsfr ku lbtk gf t`etb. Fvkiuêèk gf tkgks ks pbrácftrks fc okrcbtks okrcbtks jrâo`h jrâo`hks ks k ku u euc eucàr`hks. àr`hks. Bibrcfs bug`t`vks f v`sub`s, blustâvf`s pbrb tkgks ks pbrácftrks. Hketrkifs btrbvàs gf tfhibgk ku fehkgfr øpt`hk rktbh`kebi obh`i`tbegk b prkjrbcbêèk. Cøguik gf abtfr`b rfhbrrfjâvfi tkrebegk-k `egfpfegfetf gb g`spke`a`i`gbgf gf fefrj`b gb rfgf fiàtr`hb.
Fstf fqu`pbcfetk gfvf sfr ut`i`zbgk skcfetf pkr prko`ss`keb`s gf sbügf, sfegk quf bgfv`gk eèk kasfrváeh`b gfstb rfhkcfegbêèk fqu`pbcfetk b `estbibêèk ku kpfrbêèk `ehkrrftb. pkgf hbusbr gbeks bk Fstf cbeubi gfshrfvf b kpfrbêèk, ut`i`zbêèk f tkgbs bs oueêöfs gk fqu`pbcfetk, sfegk gf ouegbcfetbi `cpkrtáeh`b ä if`turb pràv`b gfstf betfs gf ut`i`zbr k fqu`pbcfetk.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
7
G@]WBI
1
Cke`tkr IHG
XFJVQBEÊB
K G] 1424 tfc fetrbgbs `skibgbs f bprfsfetb ucb `skibêèk fiàtr`hb cb`kr quf 24CΠ b 644_GH. B hkrrfetf gf oujb quf pkgf oiu`r gk bpbrfimk pbrb k tfrrb à i`c`tbgb b cfeks gf 24ι B ä 174_BH. K G] 1424 pkssu` o`itrks gf prktfêèk quf fi`c`ebc qubiqufr r`shk gf sfjurbeêb qubegk ut`i`zbgk s`cuitbefbcfetf hkc ku kutrks fst`cuibgkrfs fiàtr`hks tb`s hkck gfso`ar`ibgkr, cbrhbpbssk hbrgãbhk, fth. Rubegk uc gfso`ar`ibgkr à ut`i`zbgk fc uc pbh`fetf cke`tkrbgk pfik G] 1424 eèk mâ efemucb prfhbuêèk fspfh`o`hb b sfr tkcbgb pbrb k fqu`pbcfetk pk`s b gfshbrjb gk gfso`ar`ibgkr eèk hbusb efemuc fof`tk skarf k cfsck. @etfrofrìeh`b fiftrkcbjeàt`hb fxtfreb fc fxhfssk pkgf `etfrofr`r eb bqu`s`êèk gks s`eb`s o`s`kiøj`hks gk pbh`fetf. Hbsk `stk khkrrb prkhurf fi`c`ebr b oketf fxtfreb gfstf t`pk gf `etfrofrìeh`b. B hkefxèk gf vâr`ks fqu`pbcfetks fc ucb cfscb rfgf gf bi`cfetbêèk fiàtr`hb pkgf hbusbr hbrjbs fiftrkstât`hbs, surtks ku trbes`fetfs fiàtr`hks, quf pkgfc `eguz`r b oiutubêöfs eks s`eb`s o`s`kiøj`hks gk pbh`fetf quf eèk sèk gf kr`jfc o`s`kiøj`hbs. B gurbêèk gfstbs oiutubêöfs à i`c`tbgb pfik tfcpk gf fxpks`êèk gk fqu`pbcfetk, cbs eèk pkssufc fof`tks quf hkcprkcftbc b prfh`sèk gk fqu`pbcfetk f sfjurbeêb gk pbh`fetf, pk`s fstf pkssu` fetrbgbs `skibgbs f o`itrks gf prktfêèk. Rubegk bpi`hâvfi, k tfcpk gf rfhupfrbêèk bpøs b gfshbrjb gf uc gfso`ar`ibgkr à cfekr quf 84 sfjuegks, fxhftk qubegk gftfrc`ebgk ebs ekrcbs pbrt`huibrfs. Betfs gf `e`h`br b cke`tkr`zbêèk gf uc pbrácftrk o`s`kiøj`hk kasfrvbr tkgbs bs `eokrcbêöfs f hu`gbgks skarf kpfrbêèk f bpi`hbêèk gks bhfssør`ks, pk`s k usk `ehkrrftk gfstfs pkgfrâ hbusbr gbeks bk pbh`fetf, tb`s hkck quf`cbgurbs f/ku hmkquf fiàtr`hk.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
6
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
1.2 1. 2 Hibss` Hibss`o`o`hbêèk hbêèk f X`ca X`cakik kikj`b j`b HIBXX@O@HBÊÈK Hibss`o`hbêèk gf bhkrgk hkc b Hibssf @@@, rfjrb 24 QGH 2=6 ‘ (BE_@XB) Fqu`pbcfetk hkc pbrtf bpi`hbgb t`pk AO/HO Jrbu gf prktfêèk hketrb hmkquf Fqu`pbcfetk Fqu`pbcf etk gf hibssf @ Fiàtr`hk Fqu`pbcfetk fefrj`zbgk `etfrebcfetf Jrbu gf prktfêèk hketrb pfeftrbêèk ekh`vb gf âjub Jrbu gf sfjurbeêb Ckgk gf kpfrbêèk gk bpbrfimk
b Fqu`pbcfetk hkcuc @T]K (fqu`pbcfetk ofhmbgk sfc prktfêèk hketrb pfeftrbêèk gf âjub). Fqu`pbcfetk eèk gfst`ebgk b ut`i`zbêèk eb prfsfeêb gf jbsfs `eoibcâvf`s ek bca`fetf. Kpfrbêèk hket`eub X@CAKIKJ@B
Hkesuitbr gkhucfetbêèk bhkcpbembetf skarf `eokrcbêöfs efhfssâr`bs.
Hkesuitbr `estruêöfs gf kpfrbêèk pbrb cb`krfs `eokrcbêöfs. @eg`hb quf k bibrcf fstâ gfsba`i`tbgk.
@eg`hb fqu`pbcfetk hkc pbrtf bpi`hbgb t`pk HO prktfj`gk hketrb gfshbrjb gf gfso`ar`ibgkr. gfso`ar`ibgkr. @eg`hb fqu`pbcfetk hkc pbrtf bpi`hbgb t`pk AO prktfj`gk hketrb gfshbrjb gf gfso`ar`ibgkr. gfso`ar`ibgkr.
@eg`hbgkr gf bi`cfetbêèk fiàtr`hb pkr hkrrfetf hketãeub. @eg`hbgkr gf bi`cfetbêèk fiàtr`hb bitfrebgb
Wfrc`ebi gf btfrrbcfetk pbrb prktfêèk.
Wfrc`ebi gf btfrrbcfetk pbrb fqubi`zbêèk gf pktfeh`bi.
@eg`hbêèk Xtbetg Ay (i`jb/gfsi`jb pbrb ucb pbrtf gk fqu`pbcfetk)
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
?
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
@etfrruptkr gf fefrj`b gb oketf gf bi`cfetbêèk< ’@’ I@JBGK ’4– GFXI@JBGK
@eg`hb k eücfrk gf hbtâikjk f/ku høg`jk gk prkgutk.
@eg`hb quf k prkgutk à gf usk üe`hk, eèk rfut`i`zbr.
@eg`hb k e eücfrk gf f/ku høg`jk gf iktf gk prkgutk.
@eg`hb k e eücfrk gf sàr`f gk prkgutk.
@eg`hb b gbtb gf obar`hbêèk gk prkgutk.
@eg`hb b gbtb gf vfeh`cfetk gk prkgutk, vâi`gk btà.
@eg`hb ks i`c`tfs gf tfcpfrbturb gf brcbzfebcfetk gk prkgutk.
@eg`hb ks i`c`tfs gf uc`gbgf gf brcbzfebcfetk gk prkgutk.
@eg`hb ks i`c`tfs gf prfssèk btcksoàr`hb gf brcbzfebcfetk gk prkgutk.
@eg`hb k sfet`gk gf fcp`imbcfetk gbs hb`xbs.
@eg`hb cbtfr`bi orâj`i, cbeusfbr hkc hu`gbgk. @eg`hb quf Cbetfr sfhk k ikhbi gf brcbzfebcfetk f/ku trbespkrtf gbs hb`xbs. @eg`hb k eücfrk câx`ck gf hb`xbs quf gfvfc sfr fcp`imbgks.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
:
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
1.1 1. 1 Trfhbuêöfs Trfhbuêö fs TQFHBVÊÈK< @eg`hb ucb hkeg`êèk pktfeh`bicfetf pfr`jksb quf pkgf prkvkhbr gbeks hkrpkrb`s.
Bs bkbgvfrtìeh`bs gfvfc sfr hkes`gfrbgbs pbrb fv`tbr gbeks pfsskb`s kpfrbgkr f bkbab`xk pbh`fetf. Q`shk gf fxpiksèk -
Eèk ut`i`zf k Fqu`pbcfetk eb prfsfeêb gf jbsfs `eoibcâvf`s ek bca`fetf.
Euehb rft`rf b tbcpb gk Fqu`pbcfetk, qubegk efhfssâr`k gfvfrâ sfr rft`rbgb bpfebs pkr pfsskbi qubi`o`hbgk. Xfcprf gfsi`juf k Fqu`pbcfetk betfs gf Q`shk gf hmkquf fiàtr`hk i`cpâ-ik. Eèk ut`i`zf sfeskrfs gbe`o`hbgks, hbaks hkc o`k gfshbshbgk ku hkc b `skibêèk gbe`o`hbgb. Xf k Fqu`pbcfetk eèk fst`vfr oueh`kebegk bgfqubgbcfetf hkck gfshr`tk, eèk ut`i`zfObimb Ob imb gf oueh`ke bcfetk - k btà quf k prkaifcb sflb sbebgk pfik pfsskbi qubi`o`hbgk.
1.8 1. 8 Hu` Hu`gbgks gbgks hkc h kc k Fqu`pbcfetk HV@GBGK< @eg`hb ucb hkeg`êèk quf pkgf prkvkhbr gbeks bk fqu`pbcfetk ku cbu oueh`kebcfetk. 2) Cbetfemb k Fqu`pbcfetk ssfcprf fcprf fc ikhbi bgfqubgk f skarf ucb supfroãh`f pibeb. ikhb`s kegf pkssb khkrrfr gfrrbcbcfetk gf iãqu`gks 1) Fv`tf iã qu`gks skarf k Fqu`pbcfetk. 8) Cbetfemb k Fqu`pbcfetk f sfus bhfssør`ks sfcprf sfcprf i`cpks f fc akc fstbgk gf hkesfrvbêèk. 7) Cbetfemb k Fqu`pbcfetk fc bca`fetf sfhk f prktfj`gk gb `eh`gìeh`b gf rb`ks skibrfs. 6) Eèk ut`i`zf k Fqu`pbcfetk sf k cfsck fst`vf fst`vfrr ckimbgk ku hkc fxhfssk gf uc`gbgf. ?) Eèk ut`i`zf k Fqu`pbcfetk sf fstf bprfsfetbr gbeks fxtfreks ku mkuvfr suspf`tb gf qufgb. :) @estbif k Fqu`pbcfetk sfcprf f fc c ikhb`s kegf b `estbibêèk fiàtr`hb sbt`sobêb sbt`sobêb bs hkeg`êöfs prkpkstbs< tkcbgb fiàtr`hb hkc btfrrbcfetk f hkefxèk gk Fqu`pbcfetk ek cfsck h`rhu`tk fiàtr`hk fc quf sf fehketrbc ks gfcb`s fqu`pbcfetks ut`i`zbgks ek pbh`fetf. =) Euehb fstfr`i`zf ku cfrjuimf k Fqu`pbcfetk fc iãqu`gks. Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
=
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
0) Efemucb tfesèk cfháe`hb gfvf sfr bpi`hbgb b qubiqufr uc gks hbaks gk Fqu`pbcfetk, pr`eh`pbicfetf bqufifs i`jbgks bk pbh`fetf. 24) Eèk fxpkemb k fqu`pbcfetk f sfus sfeskrfs b tfcpfrbturbs supfr`krfs b +66´H (282O) ku `eofr`krfs b -24´H (27O). 22) Eèk kpfrf k fqu`pbcfetk f sfus sfeskrfs fc tfcpfrbturbs supfr`krfs b +74´H (247O) ku `eofr`krfs b +24´H (81O).
1.7 Ekrcbi`zbêèk
K G] 1424 ok` prklftbgk gf bhkrgk hkc ks rfqu`s`tks gf ekrcbs tàhe`hbs, fetrf bs qub`s< EAQ @FH?4?42-2-2 ‘ @FH?4?42-2-2 ‘ Fqu`pbcfetk fiftrkcàg`hk ‘ Tbrtf 2< Trfshr`êöfs jfrb`s pbrb sfjurbeêb.
▬
EAQ @FH ?4?42-2-1 ‘ ?4?42-2-1 ‘ Fqu`pbcfetk fiftrkcàg`hk ‘ Tbrtf 2< Trfshr`êöfs jfrb`s pbrb sfjurbeêb . Ekrcb hkibtfrbi< Hkcpbt`a`i`gbgf fiftrkcbjeàt`hb ‘ Trfshr`êöfs f fesb`ks.
▬
EAQ @FH ?4?42-1-70 ?4?42-1-70 ‘ Fqu`pbcfetk fiftrkcàg`hk ‘ Tbrtf 1< Trfshr`êöfs pbrt`huibrfs pbrb sfjurbeêb gf fqu`pbcfetk pbrb cke`tkr`zbêèk cuit`pbrbcàtr`hb gf pbh`fetf.
▬
1.6 1. 6 Hkefxèk hkc Kutr Kutrks ks Fqu` Fqu`pbcfetks pbcfetks Fqu`pbcfetks hkefhtbgks eb `etfrobhf bebiøj`hb f/ku g`j`tbi gfvfc sfr hfrt`o`hbgks gf bhkrgk hkc k rfspfht`vk pbgrèk @FH. Biàc g`ssk, tkgbs bs hkeo`jurbêöfs gfvfc fstbr gf bhkrgk hkc k s`stfcb pbgrèk.
1.? 1. ? Fca Fcabibjfc, bibjfc, Wrbes Wrbespk pkrt rtf f f Brcbzf Br cbzfebcfetk ebcfetk K Fqu`pbcfetk à fcabibgk fc hb`xb gf pbpfièk rfokrêbgk hkc prktftkrfs `etfreks gf pki`urftbek. Gurbetf k trbespkrtf gfvf sfr cbeusfbgk hu`gbgksbcfetf pbrb fv`tbr gbeks bk Fqu`pbcfetk. Eèk brcbzfef k fqu`pbcfetk f sfus sfeskrfs b tfcpfrbturbs supfr`krfs b 66´H (282O) ku `eofr`krfs b -24 ´H (27O), ikhb`s hkc pkssãvfi gfrrbcbcfetk gf iãqu`gk, uc`gbgf rfibt`vb gk br 24 % ä 04% sfc hkegfesbêèk f prfssèk btcksoàr`hb supfr`kr 616ccMj ä :?4ccMj.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
0
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
8
@EXWBIBÊÈK
8.2 8. 2 @est @estbib bibêèk êèk Fiàtr`hb Fiàtr`h b gk Fqu`pbcfetk Betfs gf `estbibr k bpbrfimk vfr`o`quf sf b tkcbgb fiàtr`hb ut`i`zbgb btfegf bs fspfh`o`hbêöfs bab`xk< Wkcbgb oìcfb gf 8 p`eks (pbgrèk Efcb 6-26T) (o`j. 2), sfegk< 2 p`ek obsf - o`k prftk. 2 p`ek pbrb k efutrk (224_HB) (224_HB) ku obsf (114_H (114_HB) B) ‘ o`k bzui hibrk ku vfrcfim vfrcfimk. k. 2 p`ek rfgkegk, ek hfetrk, pbrb tfrrb ‘ o`k vfrgf.
2
1
T@EK 2 1 8
I@JBÊÈK
224_ EFVWQK OBXF WFQQB
114_ OBXF OBXF WFQQB
8 O`j. 2< Wkcbgb Tbgrèk Efcb 6-26T.
Wfesèk gf bi`cfetbêèk `sfetb gf vbr`bêöfs. Tketk tfrrb kr`j`ebgk gf abrrb gf hkarf cketbg cketbgb b ek skik f hkc rfs`stìeh rfs`stìeh`b `b cfekr quf 24Π.
Kasfrvbêöfs< 2) Bifrtbcks k kpfrbg kpfrbgkr kr gb efhfss`gbgf efhfss`gbgf gf subs `e `estbibêöfs stbibêöfs fiàtr`hbs b btfegfrfc tfegfrfc b ekrcb arbs`if`rb EAQ 2868 28687 7 ‘ @estbibêöfs Fiàtr`hbs fc Fstbafifh`cfetks Bss` Bs s`st stìeh ìeh`b` `b`ss gf Xbügf Xbüg f ‘ Qfq Qfqu` u`s` s`tk tkss pbrb pbr b Xfju Xfjurbe rbeêb êb quf v`sb fstbafifhfr hkeg`êöfs cãe`cbs gf sfjurbeêb f fo`h`ìeh`b pbrb b `estbibêèk fiàtr`hb gk mksp`tbi, tbetk pkr qufstèk gf sfjurbeêb hkck tbcaàc pbrb b vbi`gbgf gb jbrbet`b gk bpbrfimk. 1) Eb obitb gf b bi`cfetbêèk i`cfetbêèk fiàtr`hb k fqu`pbcfetk gfsi`jb gfsi`jb butkcbt`hbcfetf. Tbrb rftkrebr bk ckgk gf kpfrbêèk k fqu`pbcfetk gfvf sfr rf`e`h`bgk, qubegk b bi`cfetbêèk fiàtr`hb fst`vfr g`spkeãvfi. 8) K G] 1424 pkss`a`i`tb b hkefxèk hkc cøguik gf abtfr`b rfhbrrfjâvfi tkrebegk-k `egfpfegfetf gb g`spke`a`i`gbgf gf fefrj`b gb rfgf fiàtr`hb. @eokrcbêöfs hkcpiftbs skarf `estbibêèk fstèk hket`gbs ek cbeubi gk cøguik gf abtfr`b. Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
24
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
8.1 8. 1 Tb`e Tb`efi fi Wrbsf`rk Wrbsf`r k B hkefxèk gks hbaks ek pb`efi trbsf`rk gfvf sfr of`tb sfcprf gf bhkrgk hkc bs `eg`hbêöfs gb o`jurb bab`xk. 2
1 8
7
6
?
:
=
0
24
O`j. 1< Tb`efi Wrbsf`rk
Kasfrvbêèk< 2) Gfsfemk `iustrbt`vk g gf f rfofrìeh`b. Ks pb pbrácftrks rácftrks pkgfc vb vbr`br r`br gf bhkrgk hkc b hkeo`jurbêèk gk Fqu`pbcfetk.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
22
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
8.8 8. 8 Hke Hkefxèk fxèk gks Hb Hbak akss Bpøs hkeofr`r sf tkgks ks bhfssør`ks fstèk prfsfetfs gf bhkrgk hkc b i`stb gf bhfssør`ks bhkcpbembetfs, hkefhtf ks hbaks f rfbi`zf ks blustfs gf bhkrgk hkc bs `estruêöfs gk prkhfg`cfetk bab`xk, kasfrvbegk sfcprf b o`jurb 1. 2) pbrb hkefxèk gks cøguiks uiks fxtfreks fxtfreks. 1) Wr`imks Hkefhtkr pbrb hkefxèk gkcøg cøguik abtfr`b. . 8) Wfrc`ebi gf btfrrbcfetk, ut`i`zbgk pbrb hkefxèk gf gf uc hbak pbrb btfrrb btfrrbcfetk cfetk gf fqubi`zbêèk gf pktfeh`bi, k qubi gfvf hkefhtbgk bk bpbrfimk fc sfju`gb ä uc pketk gf btfrrbcfetk qubiqufr. 7) Fetrbgb pbrb hbak gf rfgf fiàtr`hb, hmbvf I`jb/Gfsi`jb (@/4) f/ku Tkrtb Ousãvf`s gf prktfêèk. Gfpfegfegk gb hkeo`jurbêèk k fqu`pbcfetk pkssu` cøguik gf fetrbgb hkc hmbvf I@JB/GFXI I@JB/GFXI@JB @JB (@/4) f/ku Tkrtb Ousãvf`s, sfegk qu quf f ks ousãvf`s gfvfc sfr suast`tuãgks qubegk efhfssâr`k.. 6) G`ss`pbgkr, g`ss`pb hbikr fc`t`gk p pfib fib oketf g gf f bi`cfetbêèk. ?) Fetrbgb gf tfhibgk, ut`i`zbgk pbrb hkefxèk gf uc tfhibgk fxtfrek, pkssu` oueêöfs `jub`s bk gk tfhibgk ek pb`efi orketbi, tbcaàc à ut`i`zbgk pbrb hkeo`jurbêèk gf skotwbrf gk s`stfcb G] 1424. :) Hkefhtkr pbrb fetrbgb gf hfetrbi gf cke`tkr`zbêèk (QFGF), ut`i`zbgk pbrb hkefhtbr k Fqu`pbcfetk ä hfetrbi gf cke`tkr`zbêèk G] 1424. =) Tkrtb sfr`bi HKC2, pfrc`tf i`jbr k G] 1424 ä pkrtb QX181 gf uc fqu`pbcfetk fxtfrek. Kasfrvbêèk< B hkefxèk hkc kutrks Fqu`pbcfetks gfvf sfr of`tb skcfetf hkc fspfh`o`hbêöfs gb fejfembr`b gb G@]WBI bpøs beâi`sf gk Fqu`pbcfetk b sfr hkefhtbgk. 0) Xbãgb pbrb `cprfsskrb (TBQBIFI (TBQBIFIB), B), hkefhtf k hbak gf `cprfsskrb `cprfsskrb ä Xbãgb pbrb @cprfsskrb f bk hkefhtkr gf fetrbgb gb `cprfsskrb. 24) Xbãgb pbrb Qbhn ‘ Hkefhtf k hbak gk Qbhn ä Fetrbgb pbrb Qbhn gf Fxpbesèk f bk hkefhtkr gf sbãgb gk Qbhn. Kasfrvbêöfs< 2) Gfpfegfegk gb vf vfrsèk rsèk bgqu`r`gb b @cprfsskrb, b Hfe Hfetrbi trbi Gfcb`s gf Cke`tkr`zbêèk sfus rfspfht`vks hbaks eèk bhkcpbembc k bpbrfimk. bhfssør`ksf hkesuitbr cbeubi gf hbgb cøguik. 1) Hbsk sflb ut`i`zbgk uc hhkegutkr kegutkr pbrb fqubi`zb fqubi`zbêèk êèk gf pktfeh`bi, f fstb stb hkefxèk gfvf sfr bikhbgb gf ckgk quf sflb fv`tbgb sub `etfrrupêèk, gurbetf b ut`i`zbêèk gk bpbrfimk. 8) Kutrks t`pks gf hkefxèk, hkefxèk, pkgfrèk sfr foftubgks b btrbvàs trbvàs gf fspfh`o`hbêöf fspfh`o`hbêöfss gb fejfembr`b G@]WBI bpøs bebi`sf gk bpbrfimk b sfr hkefhtbgk.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
21
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
7
KTFQBÊÖFX AÂX@HBX
Fstf Fqu`pbcfetk gfvf sfr kpfrbgk fxhius`vbcfetf pkr prko`ss`keb`s gf sbügf mba`i`tbgks.
7.2 7. 2 Tb`efi Tb`efi Orket Ork etbi bi 24- Bibrcf v`subi gf bifrtb gf oueh`kebcfetk bcbrfik
0- Bibrcf v`subi gf i`c`tfs gf pbrácftrks vfrcfimk
22-@eg`hb bpbrfimk i`jbgk (vfrgf)
28- Hkefhtkr gf XpK1
27- Hkefhtkr gf FHJ
21- Wfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk
XpK1
BIBQCF GFQ@_BÊÈK
FHJ QFXT
X@EH
CFEV
FXH WFIB
E@AT
W B WA
CFEV
X@XWFCB GF CKE@WKQBÊÈK G]1424
14- Tb`efi gf hketrkif
20- Fehkgfr øpt`hk rktbh`kebi
2=- Wfhib Xtbeg Ay i`jb/gfsi`jb
2:- Cøguiks gf fxpbesèk
2?- Hkefhtkr gf WFCT (1x)
26- Hkefhtkr gf E@AT
2?- Hkefhtkr gf X@EH
O`j. 8< Tb`efi Orketbi f Ibtfrbi.
Kasfrvbêèk< 2) Gfsfemk `iustrbt`vk g gf f rfofrìeh`b. Ks pb pbrácftrks rácftrks pkgfc vb vbr`br r`br gf bhkrgk hkc b hkeo`jurbêèk gk Fqu`pbcfetk.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
28
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
7.1 7. 1 I`jbegk k Fqu`pbcfetk Hkefhtf ks hbaks hbaks pbh`fetf pbh`fetf bks hkefhtkrfs gk pb`ef pb`efii orketbi (28,27,26,2?) f bk pbh`fetf, gf bhkrgk hkc ks pbrácftrks b sfrfc cke`tkr`zbgks. I`juf k fqu`pbcfetk. _fr`o`quf sf k `eg`hbgkr gk F Fqu`pbcfetk qu`pbcfetk i`jbgk (0) fs fstâ tâ bh bhfsk. fsk. Bpøs b `e`h`bi`zbêèk, bpbrfhfrâ b tfib gf cke`tkr`zbê cke`tkr`zbêèk èk hkc ks pbrá pbrácftrks cftrks
cke`tkr`zbgks, fxfcpik o`jurb 7. Ifcarftf prkjrbcâvfi.
Ifcarftf o`xk
Mkrb
Gbtb
Eücfrk gk if`tk
Tbh`fetf
Gfr`vbêèk gk FHJ
Jbemk Jbemk
O`itrk O`itrk bt`vbgk bt`vbgk _bikrfs eucàr`hks sãcakiks f cfesbjfes
Fshbib gks trbêbgks
Ekcf gks trbêbgks
O`j. 7< Fxfcpik gb Wfib gf Cke`tkr`zbêèk.
Kasfrvbêèk< 2) Fx`stfc g`ofrfetfs tfibs gf cke`tkr`zbêèk quf sfrèk bprfsfetbgbs eks prøx`cks hbpãtuiks gf bhkrgk hkc ks cøguiks hkefhtbgks. TQ@KQ@GBGF GKX WQBÊBGKX Eb tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk pkgfc sfr bprfsfetbgks ek câx`ck = trbêbgks bk cfsck tfcpk, gf bhkrgk hkc b krgfc gf pr`kr`gbgf bab`xk< FHJ 2, FHJ 1, T@2, T@1, T@8, T@7, XTK1, FWHK1, QFXT, OH@, HQJ
7.8 Xbãgb pbrb X`ehrke`sck (X@EH) Xub oueêèk à s`ehrke`zbr k puisk fc`t`gk pfik cke`tkr gf FHJ hkc k g`spbrk gk gfso`ar`ibgkr.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
27
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
Tbrb ut`i`zbr fstf rfhursk, à efhfssâr`k uc Hbak gf @etfri`jbêèk gf X`ehrke`sck, bhfssør`k hkcfrh`bi`zbgk pfib G@]WBI, quf pfrc`tf b hkefxèk fetrf b Xbãgb gf X`ehrke`sck gk CKE@WKQ f k GFXO@AQ@IBGKQ. B s`ehrke`zbêèk à fxfhutbgb butkcbt`hbcfetf pfik CKE@WKQ.
7.7 7. 7 Tb`efi Tb`efi gf g f Hke Hketr trki kif f 12- Bitfrbc k vbikr gks hbcpks
84- X`ifeh`b k bibrcf BIBQCF GFQ@_BÊÈK
10- Fetrb/sb` gks cfeus
11- Wfhib gf hkeo`rcbêèk
1=- Hkejfib/gfshkejfib ks trbêbgks
18- Wfhibs gf g`rfêèk usbgbs pbrb ckvfr k hurskr
1:- @e`h`b/hbehfib b `cprfssèk gk(s)< CFEV
17- Barfgfb fvfetks tfib gf sfifêèk
FX H WFIB
trbêbgk(s) cke`tkr`zbgk(s), fvkiuêèk, tbafib, hâihuiks Mfckg`eác`hks f Qfsp`rbtør`ks, pbrácftrks gf Gàa`tk Hbrgãbhk (qubegk b o`hmb hkrrfspkegfetf fst`vfr bafrtb)
16- @e`h`b/hbehfib ucb cfg`gb gf E@AT
1?- Barf b tfib gf blugb gk s`stfcb O`j. 6 < Tb`efi gf Hketrkif.
7.6 7. 6 Oueê Oueêöfs öfs gb g bs Wfhi Wfhibs bs gk Tb`efi Tb`efi gf g f Hket Hketrki rkif f WFHIBX GF G@QFÊÈK (18), FXH (10), (+) F (-) (12/11) Fstbs tfhibs sèk ut`i`zbgbs pbrb b hkeo`jurbêèk gk Fqu`pbcfetk btrbvàs gk cfeu pr`eh`pbi (hbpãtuik 6). WFHIB BLVGB (1?) K s`stfcb gf blugb pkgf sfr hkesuitbgk sfcprf quf surj`r bijucb güv`gb skarf bijuc pbrácftrk gf cke`tkr`zbêèk ku `tfes gk cfeu pr`eh`pbi.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
26
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
Trkhfg`cfetk gf Hkesuitb Trfss`kef b tfhib BLVGB (1?). Bpbrfhfrâ u ucb cb tfib hkc uc ãeg`hf gf tøp`hks (o`j. ?). Vt`i`zf bs tfhibs g gf f g`rfêèk (18) pbrb ckvfr k hurskr fetrf ks tøp`hks. Trfss`kef b tfhib (+) (11) pbrb sfifh`kebr sfifh`kebr k tøp`hk b sfr hkes hkesuitbgk. uitbgk. Bpbrfh Bpbrfhfrâ frâ ucb tfib hkc bs `eokrcbêöfs hkrrfspkegfetfs bk tøp`hk fshkim`gk (o`j. :).
O`j. ?< Ãeg`hf gf Wøp`hks.
O`j. :< Wfib gf Blugb.
Rubegk bs `eokrcbêöfs `eokrcbêöfs g g`spkeãvf`s `spkeãvf`s khupbrfc cb`s cb`s gf ucb tfib, tfib, ut`i`zf b sftb gf g`rfêèk ∭ (18) pbrb katfr b prøx`cb tfib. Trfss`kef ekvbcfetf b tfhib BLVGB (1?) (1?) pbrb rftkrebr bk ãeg`hf gf tøp`hks ku b tfhib FXH (10) pbrb rftkrebr ä tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk.
Kasfrvbêèk< 2) Rubegk fst`vfr ut`i`zbegk k cfeu pr`eh`pbi f surj`r bijucb güv`gb güv`gb rfofrfetf ä o`hmb bt`vbgb, abstb prfss`kebr b tfhib BLVGB (1?) pbrb katfr g`rftbcfetf bs rfspfht`vbs `eokrcbêöfs. Trfss`kef b tfhib FXH (10) pbrb rftkrebr ä tfib gb o`hmb betfr`kr. WFHIB F_FEWK (17) Fstb tfhib à ut`i`zbgb pbrb sfifh`kebr uc gftfrc`ebgk obtk khkrr`gk hkc k pbh`fetf cke`tkr`zbgk f brcbzfeâ-ik hkc k mkrâr`k hkrrfspkegfetf. Tkstfr`krcfetf, fssfs fvfetks pkgfrèk sfr hkesuitbgks ku `cprfssks btrbvàs gb o`hmb gf F_KIVÊÈK gk cfeu pr`eh`pbi.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
2?
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
Trkhfg`cfetk gf Xf Xfifêèk ifêèk gk Fvfetk Jfrb`s Trfss`kef b tfh tfhib ib F_FEWK F_FEWK (17). Bpbrfhfrâ ucb tfib hkc ucb i`stb gf fv fvfetks fetks pkssãvf`s (o`j. =).
O`j. =< I`stb gf Fvfetks.
Vt`i`zf bs tfhibs gf g`rfêèk (18) pbrb ckvfr ckvfr k hurskr hurskr skarf bs kpêöf kpêöfss gb i`stb. Trfss`kef b tfhib (+) (11) pbrb sfifh`kebr sfifh`kebr f brcbzfebr k fvf fvfetk etk gfs gfsflbgk. flbgk.
Fvfetk eèk Bprfsfetbgk eb I`stb I`st b Xfifh`kef b kpêèk 9kutrks5 ek o`ebi gb i`stb gf kpêöfs, ut`i`zbegk b tfhib (+) (11). Bpbrfhfrâ ucb tfib hkc vbikrfs biobeucàr`hks (o`j. 0).
O`j. 0< Wfib biobeucàr`hb pbrb Fvfetks.
Xf mkuvfr mkuvfr bijuc fvfetk fvfetk lâ ssfifh`kebgk fifh`kebgk e eb b tfib biobeu biobeucàr`hb, càr`hb, sfifh`ke sfifh`kef f b oueêèk BTBJB pbrb rfckvì-ik. Fshrfvb k fvf fvfetk etk gfsflbgk, gfsflbgk, ut`i`zbegk bs tfhibs gf g`rfêèk (18) pbrb ckvfr k hurskr f b tfhib (+) (11) pbrb sfifh`kebr bs iftrbs ku eücfrks. Trfss`kef b tfhib FXH (10) pbrb brcbzfebr k fvfetk. K fvfetk sfifh`kebgk o`hbrâ fshr`tk ek tkpk gb i`stb.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
2:
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
WFHIB BIBQCF (84) Fstb tfhib à ut`i`zbgb pbrb k rfhkemfh`cfetk gf uc bibrcf skekrk ku v`subi. Bss`c quf fib okr prfss`kebgb k bibrcf sfrâ rfhkemfh`gk. Hbsks Hb sks gf Bt`vbêèk Bt `vbêèk gb Wfhib BIBQC BIB QCF F
▬
Qfhkem Qf hkemfhfr fhfr b khkr khkrrìeh`b rìeh`b gf uc bibrcf prfss`kef prfss` kef ifvfcfetf
Efssf hbsk, b tfhib bibrcf à ut`i`zbgb pbrb k rfhkemfh`cfetk gf uc bibrcf skekrk ku v`subi. Bss`c quf fib okr prfss`kebgb k bibrcf hfssbrâ. Kasfrvbêèk< 2)
Xf b hkeg`êèk gf bibrcf eèk okr hkrr`j`gb, k bibrcf vkitbrâ b skbr.
▬
Gfsbt`vbr k âug`k tfcpkrbr`bcfetf (X`ifeh`bcfetk) prfss`kef pkr bprkx`cbgbcfetf 1 sfjuegks sfjuegks
Efssf hbsk, b tfhib bibrcf à ut`i`zbgb pbrb `cpfg`r quf qubiqufr bibrcf skekrk g`spbrf gurbetf uc `etfrvbik gftfrc`ebgk. Ek hbetk supfr`kr fsqufrgk gb tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk bpbrfhfrâ uc sãcakik f b hrkekcftrbjfc gk `etfrvbik quf rfstb pbrb k o`ebi gk s`ifeh`bcfetk (o`j. 24).
O`j. 24< Obitbc 220 sfjuegks pbrb b rfbt`vbêèk gk Bibrcf Xkekrk.
Wfcpk gf suspfesèk (s`ifeh`bcfetk) 214 sfjuegks Vt`i`zf k s`ifeh`bcfetk gurbetf k blustf gk Fqu`pbcfetk, hkefxöfs, trkhb gf hbaks ku qubiqufr kutrk prkhfg`cfetk efhfssâr`k quf pkssb prkvkhbr k g`spbrk `egfsflbgk gf bijuc bibrcf. Tbrb gfsbt`vbr k s`ifeh`bcfetk, prfss`kef ekvbcfetf b tfhib BIBQCF.
▬
Gfsbt`vbr Gf sbt`vbr k âug`k prfss`kef pr fss`kef bprkx`c bprkx`cbgbcf bgbcfetf etf 7 sfjuegk sfjuegkss
Efssf hbsk, b tfhib bibrcf à ut`i`zbgb pbrb gfsbt`vbr `egfo`e`gbcfetf qubiqufr bibrcf skekrk btà quf b oueêèk sflb gfsbt`vbgb. Tbrb bt`vâ-ib prfss`kef b tfhib BIBQCF gurbetf bijues sfjuegks btà quf k sãcakik betfr`kr hkc b `eg`hbêèk @EKT (`ekpfrbetf) (o`j. 22) bpbrfêb ek hbetk supfr`kr gb tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk. Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
2=
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
O`j. 22< Bibrcf `ekpfrbetf.
Tbrb rfbt`vbr k bibrcf skekrk, prfss`kef ekvbcfetf b tfhib BIBQCF.
▬
Wfcpk Wf cpk gf g f btrbsk btrbsk gk g k s` s`stfcb stfcb gf Bibrcf
K tfcpk gf btrbsk gk s`stfcb gf bibrcf, qubegk bpi`hâvfi, à cfekr quf 6 sfjuegks.
▬
Wfstfs Wf stfs gks Bibrcfs B ibrcfs _`subi f X Xkekr kekrk k
Wkgb vfz quf k cke`tkr à i`jbgk à of`tb ucb vfr`o`hbêèk butkcât`hb gks s`stfcbs gf bibrcfs v`subi f skekrk. K kpfrbgkr pkgf vfr`o`hbr sf ks bibrcfs v`subi f skekrk fstèk kpfrbetfs rf`e`h`begk k fqu`pbcfetk f kasfrvbegk sf b ifetf ’vfrcfimb– f ks ifgs `eg`hbgkrfs ’vfrgf– f ’bcbrfik– bhfegfc, k bibrcf skekrk sf cbe`ofstb f gfsi`jbc-sf bpøs `e`h`bi`zbêèk gk fqu`pbcfetk. WFHIB HKEJFIB (1=) Fstb tfhib à ut`i`zbgb pbrb hkejfibr f gfshkejfibr ks trbêbgks eb tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk. WFHIB QFJ@XWQK (1:) Fstb tfhib `e`h`b/hbehfib b `cprfssèk gks trbêbgks, gb fvkiuêèk, gb tbafib, gks hâihuiks Mfckg`eác`hks f Qfsp`rbtør`ks f gks pbrácftrks gf Gàa`tk Hbrgãbhk, qubegk b o`hmb hkrrfspkegfetf fst`vfr bafrtb. WFHIB E@AT (16) Fstb tfhib pfrc`tf `e`h`br/hbehfibr g`rftbcfetf ucb cfg`gb gf E@AT ‘ prfssèk brtfr`bi eèk `evbs`vb ‘ sfc quf sflb efhfssâr`k fetrbr eb o`hmb E@AT gk cfeu pr`eh`pbi.
7.? 7. ? Feh Fehkgfr kgfr Øpt`hk Øpt` hk Qktbh`k ktbh`kebi ebi Bitfrebt`vbcfetf pkgf-sf ut`i`zbr k fehkgfr rktbh`kebi pbrb suast`tu`r bs tfhibs (+), (-), ( ) f ( ). Tkr btubr skcfetf fc gubs g`rfêöfs, ks hbcpks gk cfeu sèk bhfssbgks sfqùfeh`bicfetf. Xfifh`kef k hketrkif gfsflbgk j`rbegk k fehkgfr rktbh`kebi
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
20
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
Trfss`kef k fehkgfr pbrb `e`h`br k blustf gk vbikr. Qktbh`kebegk-sf k fehkgfr, k vbikr gk hketrkif à bitfrbgk. Trfss`kef ekvbcfetf k fehkgfr pbrb hkeo`rcbr k vbikr blustbgk. Trfss`kef FXH (10) pbrb fehfrrbr fehfrrbr ks blustfs f sb`r gb o`hmb g gk k cfeu cfeu..
Kasfrvbêèk< 2) Bpøs b rfhkeo`jurbêèk gk Fqu`pbcfetk hkc hkeo`jurbêèk gf oâar`hb, k Fqu`pbcfetk gfvfrâ sfr `e`h`bi`zbgk hkc k fehkgfr prfss`kebgk pbrb quf fif sflb bt`vbgk. Hbsk hketrâr`k, b oueêèk gk fehkgfr pfrcbefhfrâ gfsbt`vb, `stk à, fif eèk oueh`kebrâ.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
14
G@]WBI
6
Cke`tkr IHG
CFEV TQ@EH@TBI
K cfeu pr`eh`pbi à bprfsfetbgk fc okrcb gf o`hmbs, obh`i`tbegk b hkeo`jurbêèk gk Fqu`pbcfetk. Fif pkssu` bijues tøp`hks o`xks hkck< BIBQCFX, F_KIVÊÈK, WBAFIB, IFCAQFWFX,WFIB f QFJ@XWQK. F kutrks quf sèk bg`h`kebgks bk cfeu pr`eh`pbi gf bhkrgk hkc b hkeo`jurbêèk gk Fqu`pbcfetk f k cøguik hkefhtbgk. Rubegk uc ekvk cøguik à hkefhtbgk bk Fqu`pbcfetk, b sub o`hmb à butkcbt`hbcfetf bg`h`kebgb bk cfeu pr`eh`pbi, pkràc qubegk uc cøguik à gfshkefhtbgk, sub o`hmb skcfetf sfrâ rfckv`gb qubegk k Fqu`pbcfetk okr rfi`jbgk. Bs tfibs bprfsfetbgbs efstf hbpãtuik sèk jfeàr`hbs, pkgfegk bprfsfetbr vbr`bêöfs gfpfegfegk gb vfrsèk gk skotwbrf (o`rcwbrf).
Cfeu Tr`eh`pbi
Tks`h`kebcfetk gk hurskr
Abrrb gf Blugb Qâp`gb
O`j. 21 < Cfeu Tr`eh`pbi.
Kasfrvbêöfs 2) Xfcprf quf k hu hurskr rskr fst`vfr pks`h`keb pks`h`kebgk gk skarf uc `tfc gf ucb o`hmb gk cf cfeu eu pr`eh`pbi, bpbrfhfrâ ucb abrrb gf blugb râp`gb eb pbrtf `eofr`kr gb o`hmb (o`j. 21).
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
12
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
1) Xø à pkssãvfi bitfrbr hketrkifs g gf f QFXKIVÊÈK f @G@KCBX sf k cke`tkr okr `e`h`bgk fc ckgk supfrv`skr (hkc bs tfhibs + f ∪ prfss`kebgbs btà quf ks cøguiks sflbc rfhkemfh`gks). 8) Bs tfibs gk cfeu pr`eh`pbi pkg pkgfc fc bprfsfetbr bijucbs vbr`bêöfs vbr`bêöfs gf bhkrgk hkc b vfrsèk gk skotwbrf gk Fqu`pbcfetk, pkràc bs oueêöfs eèk bprfsfetbc bitfrbêöfs.
6.2 6. 2 Hkeo keo`j `jurbegk urbegk k Fqu`pbcf Fqu`p bcfetk etk Trfss`kef b tfhib i`jb/gfsi`jb (2=) ek pb`efi pb`efi orketbi (o`j. 8) pbrb i`jbr k Fqu`pbcfetk. Bpbrfhfrâ b tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk (o`j. 7). Trfss`kef b tfhib FXH (10) gk pb`efi gf hketrkif (o`j. 6) p pbrb brb tfr bhfssk b tfib gk cfeu pr`eh`pbi (o`j. 21). Vt`i`zf bs tfhibs gf g`rfêèk f (18) pbrb fshkimfr b o`hmb quf gfsflb bitfrbr ku hkesuitbr. Trfss`kef b tfhib gf g`rfêèk ∭ (18) pbrb sfifh`kebr k pr`cf`rk hketrkif gb o`hmb fshkim`gb. Vt`i`zf bs tfhibs gf g`rfêèk (18) pbrb pbrb ckvfr k hurskr skarf ks hketrkifs gb o`hmb. Vt`i`zf bs tfhibs (+) f (-) (12) (12) pbrb bitfrbr k vbikr gks hketrkifs k ku u b tfhib (+) (11) pbrb hkeo`rcbr ucb kpêèk. Fstbegk sfifh`kebgb sfifh`kebgb b gfr`vbêèk gfr`vbêèk @ b ssbãgb bãgb bebiøj`hb hbptb k s`ebi gb gfr`vbêèk @. Fstbegk sfifh`kebgb sfifh`kebgb b gfr`vbêèk @@ b sbãgb bebiøj bebiøj`hb `hb hbptb k s`ebi gb gfr`vbêèk @@. Fstbegk sfifh`kebgb sfifh`kebgb b gfr`vbêè gfr`vbêèk k @@@ b sbãgb bebiøj`hb bebiøj`hb hbptb k ss`ebi `ebi gb gfr`vbêèk @@@. Fstbegk sfifh`kebgb qubiqufr kutrb gfr`vbê gfr`vbêèk èk fx fxhftk hftk @@ f @@@ b sbãgb bebiøj`hb hbptbrb sfcprf k s`ebi gb gfr`vbêèk @. Tbrb sfifh`kebr sfifh`kebr kutrb o`hmb, suab bk tãtuik gb o`hmb, ut`i`zbegk bs tfhibs gf g`rfêèk (18), f sfifh`kef b o`hmb o `hmb gfsflbgb. Trfss`kef b tfhib FXH (10) pbrb rftkrebr rftkrebr ä tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk (o`j. 7).
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
11
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
6.1 6. 1 Bibrcfs Bibrc fs Fstb o`hmb gf hkeo`jurbêèk pfrc`tf mba`i`tbr ku gfsba`i`tbr ks bibrcfs gks pbrácftrks gf cke`tkr`zbêèk, blustbr ks i`c`tfs câx`cks, cãe`cks f k vkiucf gk bibrcf skekrk. B ob`xb gf blustf gks bibrcfs sf fehketrb fspfh`o`hbgb ek cbeubi gf hbgb cøguik. Mba`i`tb/gfsba`i`tb k bibrcf gk pbrácftrk
Blustb k i`c`tf câx`ck pbrb k bibrcf gk pbrácftrk
Blustb k i`c`tf cãe`ck pbrb k bibrcf gk pbrácftrk
Blustb k vkiucf gk bibrcf skekrk
O`j. 28< O`hmb gf hkeo`jurbêèk gks Bibrcfs.
Wbafib Wb afib 2< Kpêöfs gb o`hmb o` hmb Bibrcf Bi brcf HKEWQKIFX HKEWQKIFX I@JB CB] C@E
KTÊÖFX s`c - eèk vbr`b gf bhkrgk hkc k pbrácftrk vbr`b gf bhkrgk hkc k pbrácftrk
_KIVCF BVWK
8b: ...............
Trkhfg`cfetk Trkhf g`cfetk gf Hkeo`jurbêèk Hkeo`jurbêèk g ks Bibrcf B ibrcfss Trfss`kef b tfhib FXH (10). Bpbrfhfrâ b tfib gk cfeu pr`eh`pbi. Vt`i`zf bs tfhibs gf g`rfêèk (18) pbrb sfifh`kebr b o`hmb BIBQCF. Vt`i`zf bs tfhib gf g`rfêèk (18) pbrb ckvfr k hurskr f bs tfhib (+) k ku u (-) (12) pbrb sfifh`kebr b kpêèk gfsflbgb. Trfss`kef b tfh tfhib ib FXH FXH (10) pbrb rftkrebr ä tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk.
Kasfrvbêöfs< 2) B o`hmb gf hbgb pbrácftrk tbcaà tbcaàc c bprfsfetb kpöfs gf hk hketrkifs etrkifs gf bibrcf (i`jb/gfsi`jb, cbx f c`e) hkck b o`hmb gf BIBQCF. Rubegk k vbikr gf bijuc Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
18
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
hketrkif okr bitfrbgk fc ucb o`hmb, k vbikr hkrrfspkegfetf bk vbikr bitfrbgk, prfsfetf eb kutrb o`hmb, tbcaàc sfrâ bitfrbgk butkcbt`hbcfetf. 1) K Fqu`pbcfetk gftfhtb butkc butkcbt`hbcfetf bt`hbcfetf ks pbrácftrks cke`tkr`zbgks cke`tkr`zbgks f ks `ehiu` eb o`hmb BIBQCF. B prfssèk `evbs`vb à k üe`hk pbrácftrk hulk bibrcf sø pkgf sfr bitfrbgk eb prøpr`b o`hmb. Bibrc Bi brcfs fs _` _`su sub`s b`s f Xkekr Xke krks ks Bibrc Bi brcf f gf bi bifrt frtb b gf oue o ueh` h`ke kebcfe bcfetk tk Gurbetf k g`spbrk gk bibrcf skekrk f v`subi gf bifrtb gf oueh`kebcfetk sfrâ bprfsfetbgb ucb cfesbjfc eb tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk pbrb quf k prøpr`k kpfrbgkr pkssb skiuh`kebr k prkaifcb. Bibrc Bi brcf f gf I I`c `c`t`t f gf Tbr Tbrácft ácftrr k Wbafib Wb afib 1< 1< Oueh` Oueh`kebcfetk kebcfetk gk gkss Bibrcfs _`sub`s f Xkekrks BW@_BÊÈK BW@_B ÊÈK GK B BIB IBQCF QCF
HKCTKQWBCFEWK GK BI BIBQCF BQCF B BW@_BGK W@_BGK
Bibrcf v`subi g`spbrbrâ (k sãcakik gk pbrácftrk p`shbrâ f bpbrfhfrâ b `eg`hbêèk → ku ↘, sf uitrbpbssbr k i`c`tf supfr`kr ku `eofr`kr rfspfht`vbcfetf)> rfspfht`vbcfetf)>
Bpøs 24s k bibrcf skekrk skbrâ btà quf k vbikr gk pbrácftrk rftkref b ekrcbi`gbgf ku b tfhib BIBQCF sflb bt`vbgb. bt`vbgb.
K bibrcf v`subi g`spbrbrâ> Bpøs 24s k bibrcf skekrk skbrâ f sø sfrâ `etfrrkcp`gk qubegk k üit`ck pbrácftrk okr trbz`gk ä ekrcbi`gbgf ku b tfhib BIBQCF okr bt`vbgb.
K bibrcf skekrk skbrâ `cfg`btbcfetf btà quf k vbikr rftkref b ekrcbi`gbgf ku quf b tfhib BIBQCF sflb bt`vbgb. bt`vbgb.
K bibrcf v`subi g`spbrbrâ. g`spbrbrâ.
Rubegk k vbikr gk pbrácftrk uitrbpbssbr ks i`c`tfs gf bibrcf
Rubegk k vbikr gf vâr`ks pbrácftrks uitrbpbssbrfc ks i`c`tfs gf bibrcf s`cuitbefbcfetf.
Rubegk k vbikr gk pbrácftrk uitrbpbssbr ks i`c`tfs bpøs tfr vkitbgk b ekrcbi`gbgf. ekrcbi`gbgf.
Rubegk k vbikr gk pbrácftrk uitrbpbssbr k i`c`tf f vkitbr b ekrcbi`gbgf fc cfeks gf 24s
Kasfrvbêèk< 2) K bibrcf skekrk gf i`c`tf gf pbrácftrk f k bibrcf gf bifrtb gf oueh`ke oueh`kebcfetk bcfetk bprfsfetbc skes g`ofrfetfs pbrb quf sflb pkssãvfi g`ofrfeh`â-iks gurbetf k g`spbrk.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
17
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
6.8 Wfib Fstb o`hmb fstâ rfibh`kebgb hkc b hkeo`jurbêèk gb tfib. Xfifh`keb k eücfrk gk if`tk cke`tkrbgk
Fg`tb k ekcf gk pbh`fetf
Barf bs tfibs gf hâihuiks Mfckg`eác`hks f Qfsp`rbtør`ks
Mba`i`tb f gfsba`i`tb k hkejfibcfetk butkcât`hk pkr bibrcf gf i`c`tf
Blustb b gbtb f mkrb gk s`stfcb
Mba`i`tb/gfsba`i`tb b hfetrbi
Blustb b vfikh`gbgf gk trbêbgk gbs hurvbs eb tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk
Xfifh`keb k t`pk gf cke`tkr
Qfhkeo`jurb hkc hkeo`jurbêèk gf oâar`hb
Blustb k vkiucf gk a`p bk tkquf gb tfhib Abrrb gf Blugb Qâp`gb
O`j. 27< O`hmb gf hkeo`jurbêèk gf Wfib.
Wbafib Wb afib 8< Kpêöfs gb o` hmb tfib HKEWQKIFX
KTÊÖFX
HKEO@JVQBÊÈK GF OÂAQ@HB
IF@WK TBH@FEWF HKEJFIBCFEWK BVWKCÂW@HK FC BIBQCF HÂIHVIKX MFCKG@EÁC@HKX F
2 b 64 14 hbcpks pbrb b fg`êèk s`c - eèk vfr tbafibs 7 f 6
2 ---------eèk ---------------------
QFXT@QBWØQ@KX MKQB GBWB _FIKH@GBGF A@T HFEWQBI CKE@WKQ HKIKQ@GK QFHKEO@J
2 b 18 (mkrb) f 4 b 60 (c`eutk) 2 b 84 (g`b), 2 b 21 (cìs) f 20=4 b (1200 bek) 21,6 - 16 - 64 4b: s`c - eèk s`c - eèk --------
--------------------16 8 eèk eèk -----------
Kasfrvbêèk< 2) B vfrsèk gk skotwbrf fstâ `eg`hbgb e ek k hbetk `eofr`kr fsqufrgk gb o`hmb WFIB gk cfeu pr`eh`pbi (o`j.27).
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
16
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
Trkhfg`cfetk gf H Hkeo keo`jur `jurbêèk bêèk gb Wfib Wfib Ekcf gk pbh`fetf Xfifh`kef k hk hketrkif etrkif TBH@FEWF, TBH@FEWF, ut`i`zbegk bs tfhibs gf g g`rfêèk `rfêèk (18). Trfss`kef b tfhib (+) (11). B Bpbrfhfrâ pbrfhfrâ ucb tfib hkc vbikrfs biobe biobeucàr`hks ucàr`hks (o`j.26).
O`j. 26< Wfib biobeucàr`hb pbrb k ekcf gk pbh`fetf.
Fg`tf k ekcf gk pbh`fetf, ut`i`zbe ut`i`zbegk gk bs tfhibs gf g`rfêèk (18) pbrb ckvfr k hurskr f b tfhib (+) (11) pbr sfifh`kebr b iftrb ku eücfrk. Rubegk lâ mkuvfr uc ekcf fg`tbgk, ut`i`zf b oueêèk BTBJB pbrb bpbjâ-ik betfs gf fg`tbr k ekcf. Trfss`kef b tfhib FXH (10) pbrb vkitbr ä o`hmb WFIB. Trfss`kef ekvbcfetf b tfhib FXH (10 (10)) pbrb vkitbr b tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk.
Kasfrvbêöfs< 2) K ekcf gk pbh`fetf, k if`tk, b mkrb f b gbtb bpbrfhfrèk eb o`hmb WFIB f tbcaàc ek hbetk supfr`kr gb tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk (o`j. 27/2?). 1) Bk bitfrbr k ekcf gk pbh`fetf, k s`stfcb pfrju pfrjuetb etb sf ks gbgks gb fvkiuêèk fvkiuêèk brcbzfebgks gfvfc sfr bpbjbgks. Mkrb
Gbtb
If`tk
Ekcf gk pbh`fetf
O`j. 2?< Bprfsfetbêèk gk ekcf gk pbh`fetf, if`tk, mkrb f gbtb eb tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
1?
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
Hâihuiks Mfckg`eác`hks f Qfsp`rbtør`ks Xfifh`kef k hketrkif Hâihuiks Hâihuiks.. Bpbrfhfrâ ucb ucb tfib gf hâihuiks hk hkc c gubs o`hmbs< Mfckg`eác`hks f Qfsp`rbtør`ks (o`j. 2:/2=).
O`j. 2:< Hâihuiks Mfckg`eác`hks.
O`j. 2=< Hâihuiks Qfsp`rbtør`ks.
Kasfrvbêèk< 2) Bab`xk gks gbgks gk pb pbh`fetf h`fetf mâ ucb i`stb gf hâihuiks. Hkeokrcf ks gb gbgks gks efhfssâr`ks sèk hbpturbgks ku `ehiuãgks, ks hâihuiks sèk rfbi`zbgks butkcbt`hbcfetf f bprfsfetbgks eb tfib gb o`hmb gf hâihuiks. Ks vbikrfs bprfsfetbgks fc vfrcfimk sèk bqufifs quf fstèk okrb gks i`c`tfs gf ekrcbi`gbgf f ks vbikrfs fc bzui fstèk gfetrk gks i`c`tfs gf ekrcbi`gbgf. Ks i`c`tfs gf ekrcbi`gbgf fstèk i`stbgks eb o`hmb gf Blugb. Vt`i`zf k hketrkif HBTWVQF pbrb hhbpturbr bpturbr ks ks gb gbgks gks gk ss`stfcb. `stfcb. Tbrb bitfrbr bitfrbr ku `ehiu`r uc vbikr eèk hbpturbgk, p pks`h`kef ks`h`kef k hurskr ska skarf rf fssf vbikr f prfss`kef b tfhib (+) (11). Bpbrfhfrâ ucb tfib hkc vbikrfs eucàr`hks
(o`j.20). Xfifh`kef k vbikr gfsflbgk, ut`i`zbegk b tfhibs gf g`rfêèk (18) f b tfhib (+) (11).
O`j. 20< Wfib eucàr`hb.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
1:
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
Of`tb b sfifêèk, prfss`kef b tfhib FXH (10) pbrb vvkitbr kitbr b tfib gf hâihuiks. Trfss`kef b tfhib FXH (10) pbrb rftkrebr b o`hmb WFIB. Trfss`kef b tf tfhib hib FXH FXH (10 (10)) pbrb vkitbr b tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk.
Qfj`strk gb O`hmb gf HÂIHVIKX Tbrb `cpr`c`r ks vbikrfs gb o`hmb gf gf HÂIHVIKX, prfss`kef b tfhib QFJ@XWQK (1:) gk pb`efi gf hketrkifs, fequbetk b o`hmb hkrrfspkegfetf fst`vfr bafrtb.
Wbafib Wb afib 7< 7< Hâihuiks Mf Mfckg` ckg`eác`hk eác`hkss GBGKX GBGKX Tfsk bit OH GH TBGc TBTc THTc TBs Tbc Tbg
HÂIHVIKX
Tfsk Biturb Orfqùìeh`b hbrgãbhb Gàa`tk hbrgãbhk càg`k Trfssèk càg`b gk âtr`k g`rf`tk Trfssèk càg`b gb brtàr`b puickebr Trfssèk hbp`ibr puickebr càg`b Trfssèk brtfr`bi s`støi`hb Trfssèk brtfr`bi càg`b Trfssèk brtfr`bi g`bstøi`hb
BXH _X @H @X WX_F @WX_F WX_G @WX_G Q_X @Q_X Q_T
Ârfb gf supfroãh`f hkrpørfb _kiucf s`støi`hk Ãeg`hf hbrgãbhk Ãeg`hf s`støi`hk Wrbabimk s`støi`hk gk vfetrãhuik fsqufrgk Ãeg`hf gk trbabimk s`støi`hk gk vfetrãhuik fsqufrgk Wrbabimk s`støi`hk gk vfetrãhuik g`rf`tk Ãeg`hf gk trbabimk s`støi`hk gk vfetrãhuik g`rf`tk Qfs`stìeh`b vbshuibr s`stìc`hb Ãeg`hf gf rfs`stìeh`b vbshuibr s`stìc`hb Qfs`stìeh`b vbshuibr puickebr
@Q_T TTH GT @CH
Ãeg`hf gfgf rfs`stìeh`b puickebr Trfssèk pfrousèk vbshuibr hkrkebr`beb Gupik prkgutk Ãeg`hf gf cbssb hkrpørfb
Wbafib Wb afib 6< 6< Hâihuiks Qfsp`r Qfsp`rbtør`k btør`k s GBGKX
HÂIHVIKX
@H O@K1 TAbr Mth Ma pM TbK1 TbHK1 XbK1
Ãeg`hf hbrgãbhk Orbêèk gf kx`jìe`k `esp`rbgk Trfssèk abrkcàtr`hb Mfcbtøhr`tk Mfckjika`eb tktbi Tktfeh`bi gf m`grkjìe`k Trfssèk pbrh`bi gf K1 ek sbejuf brtfr`bi Trfssèk pbrh`bi gf HK1 ek sbejuf brtfr`bi Xbturbêèk gf kx`mfckjika`eb ek sbejuf
HbK1 HvK1 H(b-v)K1 T(B-b)K1 _K1 GK1 WFK1 Hh‐K1
Hketfügk gf K1 ek sbejuf brtfr`bi Hketfügk gf K1 eb c`sturb vfeksb G`ofrfeêb brtàr`k-vfeksb gf K1 G`ofrfeêb bivàkik-brtfr`bi gf K1 Hkesuck gf K1 K1 g`spkeãvfi Wbxb gf fxtrbêèk gf K1 Hketfügk gf K1 ek sbejuf hbp`ibr g`stbi puickebr
TvK1 TvHK1 XvK1
brtfr`bi pbrh`bi gf K1 eb c`sturb vfeksb Trfssèk Trfssèk pbrh`bi gf HK1 eb c`sturb vfeksb Xbturbêèk gf kx`mfckjika`eb eb c`sturb vfeksb
RX/RW
Xmuet brtàr`k-vfeksk
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
1=
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
Qfhkeo`jurbêèk Xfifh`kef k hke hketrkif trkif QFHKEO QFHKEO@J @J f bpfrtf b tfhib (+) (11). Bpbrfhf Bpbrfhfrâ râ ucb tfib pbrb b hkeo`rcbêèk gb rfhkeo`jurbêèk eks blustfs gf oâar`hb (o`j. 14).
O`j. 14< Hkeo`rcbêèk pbrb rfhkeo`jurbêèk.
Xfifh`kef bs k kpêöfs pêöfs s`c k ku u eèk eèk hk hkc c b tfhib (+) (11). Gfsi`juf f i`ju i`juf f k Fqu`pbcfetk pbrb katfr b ekvb hkeo`jurbêèk.
Mba`i Mb a`i`tbêèk `tbêèk gb Hf Hfetr etrbi bi gf C Cke` ke`tkr tkr`zbêè `zbêèk k Tbrb mba`i`tbr b hfetrbi sfifh`kebr k hketrkif HFEWQBI pbrb X@C. B `gfet`o`hbêèk `gfet`o`hbêèk gks if`tks gks Fqu`pbcfetks hkefhtbgks ä Hfetrbi gfvf ssfr fr g`st`etb, `stk à, gk`s if`tks eèk gfvfc pkssu`r k cfsck eücfrk gf `gfet`o`hbêèk.
Kasfrvbêèk< 2) Bitfrbêöfs eks hketrkifs HFEWQBI, CKE@WKQ HKIKQ@GK f QFHKEO@J, skcfetf sfrèk hkehiuãgbs bpøs b rf`e`h`bi`zbêèk gk Fqu`pbcfetk.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
10
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
6.7 6. 7 Ifcarftfs Ifcar ftfs Fstb o`hmb pfrc`tf b bprfsfetbêèk gf ifcarftfs o`xks f tfcpkr`zbgks eb tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk.
Xfifh`keb cfesbjfc gf ifcarftf o`xk
Xfifh`keb cfesbjfc gf ifcarftfs prkjrbcâvf`s prkjrbcâvf`s
O`j. 12< O`hmb gf hkeo`jurbêèk gf Ifcarftfs. Ifcarftf prkjrbcâvfi
Ifcarftf o`xk
O`j. 11< Bprfsfetbêèk gks ifcarftfs eb tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk .
Wbafib Wb afib ?< Kpêöfs gb o`hmb o`h mb ifcarftfs HKEWQKIFX HKEWQKIFX IFCAQFWF O@]K IFCAQFWFX TQKJQBCÂ_F@X Cfesbjfc @eãh`k gk bibrcf pkr `etfrvbik ku mkrb @etfrvbik ku mkrb gf bprfsfetbêèk Eücfrk gf vfzfs
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
KTÊÖFX
HKEO@JVQBÊÈK GF OÂAQ@HB
2? hbcpks
-------------
Fxbcfs> Hkiftb gf Vr`eb> Hkiftb gf Xbejuf> Hkiftb gf Bckstrb> Bitfrbr Tks`êèk> Wfrbp`b> Cfg`hbcfetk b hbgb - bs 4 b 18 (mkrb) f 4 b 60 (c`eutks) gfsi`jbgk - sfcprf - gf 2 b 24 vfzfs
--------------------------------------gfsi`jbgk
84
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
Trkhfg`cfetk gf Hkeo`jurbêèk gks Ifcarftfs Ifcarftfs O`xks Xfifh`kef k hketrkif IFCAQFWF IFCAQFWF O@]K. Bpbrfhfrâ ucb tfib hkc vbikrfs biobeucàr`hks (O`j. 18).
O`j. 18< Wfib biobeucàr`hb pbrb ifcarftf o`xk.
Vt`i`zf b oueêèk BTBJB pbrb bpbjbr k ifca ifcarftf rftf betfr`kr f fshrfvb b cfesbjfc gk ifcarftf gfsflbgk, ut`i`zbegk b tfhib (+) (11). Trfss`kef b tfh tfhib ib FXH FXH (10) pbrb rftkrebr ä o`hmb o`hmb IF IFCAQFWFX CAQFWFX Trfss`kef ekvbcfetf b tfhib FXH (10 (10)) pbrb rftkrebr b tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk.
Kasfrvbêèk< 2) K ifcarftf sfifh`kebgk bpb bpbrfhfrâ rfhfrâ eb o`hmb IFCAQFWFX f tbcaàc eb pbrtf supfr`kr gb tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk (o`j. 7/11) fequbetk eèk okr bpbjbgk. Ifcarftfs Trkjrbcâvf`s Xfcprf ut`i`zbegk ut`i`zbegk bs tfhibs gf g`rfêèk (18) pbrb ckvfr ckvfr k hurskr f bs tfh tfhibs ibs (+) f (-) (12) pbrb sfifh`kebr bijucb kpêèk. Xfifh`kef b cfesbjfc gf ifcarftf gfsflbgk. Xfifh`kef k `eãh`k gk bibrcf gf ifcarftf ifcarftf pkr `etfrvbik k ku u mkrb cbrhbgb. Xfifh`kef b mk mkrb rb ku `etfrvbik fc quf k ifca ifcarftf rftf sf sfrâ râ bp bprfsfetbgk. rfsfetbgk. Xfifh`kef k eücfrk gf vfzfs gf bprfsfetbêèk gk ifcarftf. Xfifh`kef ks kutrks gk`s ifcarftfs ifcarftfs prkjrbcâvf`s sfju sfju`egk `egk k cfsck prkhfg`cfetk bh`cb.
Kasfrvbêèk< 2) Rubegk k ifcarftf okr prkjrbcbgk pbrb bh`kebcfetk butkcât`hk, fstf skcfetf sfrâ gfsbt`vbgk pfib tfhib ’BIBQCF–.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
82
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
Qfhkem Qf hkem fhfr uc ifcarftf prkjrbcbgk gb tfib gf cke`tkrbêèk cke`t krbêèk Trfss`kef b tfhib BIBQCF gk pb`efi gf hketrkif.
Kasfrvbêèk< 2) K ifcarftf prkjrbcâvfi sfifh`ke sfifh`kebgk bgk o`hbrâ `eg`hbgk eb o`hm o`hmb b IFCAQFWFX f, hkeokrcf k `etfrvbik prkjrbcbgk, sfrâ bprfsfetbgk ek hbetk supfr`kr fsqufrgk gb tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk (o`j. 7). Xf k ifcarftf betfr`kr eèk t`vfr s`gk bpbjbgk qubegk k kutrk okr bprfsfetbgk, ks gk`s p`shbrèk bitfrebgbcfetf.
6.6 6. 6 Qfj`s Qfj`str trk k Fstb o`hmb à ut`i`zbgb pbrb hkeo`jurbr k ckgk gf rfj`strk gks gbgks.
Xfifh`keb ks t`pks gf rfj`strks g`spkeãvf`s
@e`h`b k rfj`strk gks gbgks
Hbehfib b `cprfssèk gk rfj`strk fc pbpfi
Xfifh`keb k g`spks`t`vk pbrb rfj`strk
Mba`i`tb/gfsba`i`tb k Qfj`strk butkcât`hk gk trbêbgk
Xfifh`keb b `cprfsskrb ut`i`zbgb
Hbcpk o`xk Xfifh`keb b fet`gbgf
Fg`tb k ekcf gb fet`gbgf
O`j. 17< O`hmb gf hkeo`jurbêèk pbrb Qfj`strk.
Wbafib Wb afib :< :< Kpêöfs gb o`o`hmb hmb rfj`st rfj`strk rk HKEWQKIFX OKQCBWK G@XTKX@W@_K QFJ@XWQK BVWKCÂW@HK FC BIBQCF @CTQFXXKQB Fet`gbgf Ekcf gb fet`gbgf
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
KTÊÖFX trbêbgks - fvkiuêèk - tbafib `cprfsskrb - g`squftf s`c - eèk MT Ibsfrlft - MT Gfsnlft - Hbeke AL-144 Fpske Xtyius 644 - Fpske I]-844 mksp`tbi - hiãe`hb - prketk skhkrrk - VW@ 14 hbcpks pbrb b fg`êèk
HKEO@JVQBÊÈK GF OÂAQ@HB trbêbgk `cprfsskrb eèk MT Ibsfrlft mksp`tbi -----------
81
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
Kasfrvbêèk< 2) B kpêèk G@XRVFWF gk hketrkif G@XTKX@W@_K sø bpbrfhf qubegk k Fqu`pbcfetk bprfsfetbr oikppy 8‐6 `estbibgk f qubegk k OKQCBWK sfifh`kebgk okr WBAFIB. Trkhfg`cfetk gf Hkeo`jurbêèk gf Qfj`strk Qfj`strk @e`h`br f hbehfibr hbehfibr rfj`st rfj`strk rk btrbvàs gb o`hmb Xfifh`kef k hketrkif @E@H@BQ pbrb gbr `eãh`k bk rfj`strk fc g`squf g`squftf tf ku fc pbpfi. Xfifh`kef k hk hketrkif etrkif HBEHFIBQ HBEHFIBQ pbrb `e `etfrrkcpfr tfrrkcpfr k rfj rfj`strk `strk fc pbpfi.
Kasfrvbêèk< 2) B tfhib QFJ@XWQK (1:) gk pb`efi gf hketrkif pfrc`tf `e`h`br/hbehfibr b `cprfssèk gf uc gbgk g`rftbcfetf sfc bar`r b o`hmb QFJ@XWQK. @cprfsskrb
Xfifh`kef k hk hketrkif etrkif @CTQFXXKQB, @CTQFXXKQB, u ut`i`zbegk t`i`zbegk b tfh tfhib ib (+) (11). Bp Bpbrfhfrâ brfhfrâ ucb tfib hkc bs kpêöfs pkssãvf`s (o`j. 16).
O`j. 16< Xfifêèk gb @cprfsskrb.
Vt`i`zf bs tfhibs gf g`rfêèk (18 (18)) pbrb pfrhkrrfr pfrhkrrfr bs kp kpêöfs êöfs f b tfhib (+) (12) pbrb sfifh`kebr b kpêèk gfsflbgb. Trfss`kef b tfh tfhib ib FXH FXH (10) pbrb rftkre rftkrebr br b tfib gk cfeu pr`eh`pbi.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
88
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
Ekcf gb Fet` Fet`gbgf gbgf ku Xftkr Xfifh`kef k hketrkif gk ekcf gb f fet`gbgf, et`gbgf, ut`i`zbegk b tfhib (+) (11). Bpbrfhfrâ ucb tfib hkc vbikrfs vbikrfs biobeucàr`hks (o`j. 1?).
O`j. 1?< Wfib Biobeucàr`hb pbrb k ekcf gb fet`gbgf ku sftkr.
Vt`i`zf b oueê oueêèk èk BTBJB pbrb gfiftbr k ekcf gb f fet`gbgf et`gbgf betfr`kr. Fg`tf k ekcf gb fet`gbgf ut`i`zbe ut`i`zbegk gk bs tfh tfhibs ibs gf g g`rfêèk `rfêèk (18) pbrb ckvfr k
f b tfhib (+)FXH (11) pbrbpbrb sfifh`kebr eücfrks. hurskr Trfss`kef b tfh tfhib ib FX H (10) rftkre rftkrebr brbsb iftrbs tfib gbf o`hmb QFJ@XWQK. Trfss`kef ekvbcfetf b tfhib FXH (10 (10)) pbrb rftkrebr b tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk.
6.? Wbafi Wbafib b Tfrc`tf b fg`êèk gks gbgks eb tbafib
Mba`i`tb/gfsba`i`tb b bqu`s`êèk pfr`øg`hb gks gbgks v`tb`s
Xfifh`keb k pfrãkgk gf bckstrbjfc gks gbgks v`tb`s
Bpbjb ks gbgks gb tbafib
Tbrácftrks f sfus vbikrfs
Tfrãkgk sfifh`kebgk
O`j. 1:< O`hmb gf rfhkeo`jurbêèk gb Wbafib.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
87
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
Wbafib Wb afib =< Kpêöfs gb o`o`hmb hmb ttbaf bafib ib HKEWQKIFX
KTÊÖFX
HKEO@JVQBÊÈK GF OÂAQ@HB
I@JB C@EVWKX
s`c ‘ eèk 2 b 214
s`c 6
GBGKX GBGKX TVIXK OH OQ XpK1 FWHK1 E@ATs E@ATg E@ATc @AT2s @AT2g @AT2c @AT1s @AT1g @AT1c
X@JE@O@HBGK X@JE@O@HBGK Tuisk Orfqùìeh`b hbrgãbhb Orfqùìeh`b rfsp`rbtør`b Xbturbêèk gf kx`jìe`k Hkehfetrbêèk gf HK1 Trfssèk brtfr`bi s`støi`hb eèk `evbs`vb Trfssèk brtfr`bi g`bstøi`hb eèk `evbs`vb Trfssèk brtfr`bi càg`b eèk `evbs`vb Trfssèk `evbs`vb 2 s`støi`hb Trfssèk `evbs`vb 2 g`bstøi`hb Trfssèk `evbs`vb 2 càg`b Trfssèk `evbs`vb 1 s`støi`hb Trfssèk `evbs`vb 1 g`bstøi`gb Trfssèk `evbs`vb 1 càg`b
Trkhfg`cfetk gf Hkeo`ju Hkeo`jurbêèk rbêèk gb W Wbafib bafib Fg`êèk gf gbgks e b tbafib Xfifh`kef k hketrkif FG@WBQ, prfss`kebegk prfss`kebegk b tfhib (+) (11). K hu hurskr rskr bpbrfhfrâ gfetrk gb tbafib pfrc`t`egk bss`c quf fib sflb pfrhkrr`gb f bitfrbgb qubegk efhfssâr`k. Vt`i`zf bs tfhibs tfhibs gf g`rfê g`rfêèk èk (18) pbrb pfrhkrrfr ks gbgks f bs tfhibs ( + ) f ( - ) (12) pbrb bitfrâ-iks. Vt`i`zf bs sftbs gf g`rfêèk f (18) pbrb v`subi`zbr ks gfcb`s gbgks gb
∪ f ∭ (18) pbrb v`subi`zbr ks gfcb`s pfrãkgks gf bqu`s`êèk tbafib bs tfhibs mkrb . skarf bf`eg`hbêèk Trfss`kef b tfh tfhib ib FXH FXH (10) pbrb rftkrebr bks bks hketrkifs hketrkifs (sb`r gb tbafib). Trfss`kef ekvbcfetf b tfhib FXH (10 (10)) pbrb rftkrebr b tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk.
Bpbjbr Bp bjbr ks gbg gbgks ks gb ttbafi bafib b Xfifh`kef k hk hketrkif etrkif BTBJBQ, BTBJBQ, prfss`kebegk b tfhib (+) (11). Bpbrfhfrâ ucb tfib gf hkeo`rcbêèk (o`j. 1=). Vt`i`zf b tfhib (+) (11) pbrb hkeo`rcbr ku ku hbehfibr hbehfibr (s`c - eèk) b kpfrb kpfrbêèk. êèk. Trfss`kef b tfh tfhib ib FXH FXH (10) pbrb rftkrebr b tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
86
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
O`j. 1=< Hkeo`rcbêèk pbrb bpbjbr ks gbgks gb tbafib.
Kasfrvbêèk< 2) Bk bpbjbr ks gbg gbgks ks gb tbafib, ks gbgks gbgks gb fvkiuêèk tbcaàc sèk bpbjb bpbjbgks gks f v`hf-vfrsb. F qubegk b fvkiuêèk à bpbjbgb, ks fvfetks brcbzfebgks tbcaàc sèk bpbjbgks. Qfj`s Qf j`strk trk g b o`hmb tbafib
Tbrb `cgf pr`c`r b tbafib gb o`hmb WB WBAFIB, AFIB, prfss prfss`kef `kef b fst`vfr tfhib QFJ@X QFJ@XWQK (1:) gk pb`efi`cpr`c`r hketrkif, fequbetk b o`hmb hkrrfspkegfetf bafrtbWQK ku ut`i`zf k hketrkif @E@H@B gb o`hmb QFJ@XWQK (o`j. 17) sfifh`kebegk k okrcbtk tbafib ek hketrkif OKQCBWK.
6.:. 6. :. Fvkiuê Fvki uêèk èk Fstb o`hmb bprfsfetb eb okrcb jrâo`hb b fvkiuêèk gks pbrácftrks v`tb`s fc uc gftfrc`ebgk `etfrvbik gf tfcpk.
O`j. 10< O`hmb gf Fvkiuêèk gk pbh`fetf.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
8?
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG _bikrfs `estbetáefks gks jrâo`hks
Xfifh`keb k pbrácftrk b sfr kasfrvbgk ek jrâo`hk 2
Xfifh`keb k `etfrvbik gf tfcpk pbrb b bprfsfetbêèk gb fvkiuêèk Xfifh`keb k pbrácftrk b sfr kasfrvbgk ek jrâo`hk 1 @etfrvbik sfifh`kebgk
Xfifh`keb k `estbetf gf kasfrvbêèk gk jrâo`hk f fvkiuêèk
Bpbjb ks gbgks gf fvkiuêèk
Xfifh`keb k ckgk gf bprfsfetbêèk gks jrâo`hks gf fvkiuêèk.
CÀG@B ‘ fvkiuêèk càg`b gks pbrácftrks v`tb`s
CB]/C@E ‘ fvkiuêèk gks vbikrfs câx`cks f cãe`cks
M@XWKJQBCB
‘ G`str`au`êèk frhfetubi kr ob`xb gf vbikrfs
O`j. 84< O`hmb gb Fvkiuêèk gk pbh`fetf.
Wbafib Wb afib 0< Kpêöfs gb o`hm b f fvki vkiuêèk uêèk HKEWQKIFX HKEWQKIFX HVQXKQ @EWFQ_BIK CKGK BTBJB
KTÊÖFX sfc bpfebs hurskr üit`ckkpêöfs, (b) (s) 76 c`e -ckvf 2m84 k- 8ms - 0ms 17ms càg`b - c`e/cbx - m`stk s`c ‘ eèk
HKEO@JVQBÊÈK GF OÂAQ@HB ----------üit`cbs 2m84 càg`b -----------
Trkhfg`cfetk gf Hkeo`jurbêèk gb Fvkiuêèk Bpbjbr Bp bjbr ks gbg gbgks ks gf Fv Fvki kiuê uêèk èk Xfifh`kef k hketrkif BTBJB ut`i`zbegk b tfhib (+) (11). Bpbrfhfrâ ucb tfib gf hkeo`rcbêèk gb kpfrbêèk (o`j. 82).
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
8:
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
O`j. 82< Hkeo`rcbêèk pbrb bpbjbr ks gbgks gf Fvkiuêèk
Trfss`kef b tfhib (+) (11) pbrb hkeo`rcbr hkeo`rcbr ku hbehfibr (s`c - eèk) b kpfrbêèk. Trfss`kef b tfh tfhib ib FXH FXH (10) pbrb rftkrebr b tfib gf cke`tkr`zbêèk.
Kasfrvbêèk< 2) Bk bpbjbr ks gbg gbgks ks gb tbafib, ks gbgks gbgks gb fvkiuêèk tbcaàc sèk bpbjb bpbjbgks gks f v`hf-vfrsb. F qubegk b fvkiuêèk à bpbjbgb, ks fvfetks brcbzfebgks tbcaàc sèk bpbjbgks. Hkesuit b gf Fvfetks Xfifh`kef k hketrkif HVQXKQ f, ut`i`zbegk bs tfh tfhibs ibs (+) f (-) (12), pks`h pks`h`kef-k `kef-k skarf b abrrb gf fvfetk (o`j. 81).
Abrrbs gf fvfetk
Hurskr
O`j. 81< Tks`h`kebcfetk gk hurskr pbrb hkesuitbr uc fvfetk. fvfet k.
Trfss`kef b tfhib F_FEWK gk pb`efi gf hketrkif. Bpbrfh Bpbrfhfrâ frâ ucb tfib hkc k fvfetk brcbzfebgk f k mkrâr`k fc quf khkrrfu (o`j. 88).
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
8=
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
O`j. 88< Fvfetk brcbzfebgk.
Trfss`kef b tfhib (+) (11) ku fspfrf fspfrf pbrb rftkrebr gb o`hmb gf fvk fvkiuêèk. iuêèk. Trfss`kef b tfh tfhib ib FXH FXH (10) pbrb rftkrebr b tfib gf ck cke`tkr`zbêèk. e`tkr`zbêèk.
Hkesuitbegk vbikrfs `estbetáef `estbetáefks ks Tbrb hkesuitbr hkesuitbr ks vbikrfs `estbetáefks (o`j. 84) abstb ckv ckvfr fr k hurskr ska skarf rf
jrâo`hk (o`j. 81). Qfj`s Qf j`strk trk gb o`o`hmb hmb F_K F_KIVÊÈK IVÊÈK Tbrb `cpr`c`r ks gbgk gbgkss gb o`hmb F_KIVÊÈK, F_KIVÊÈK, prfs prfss`kef s`kef b tfhib QFJ@XW QFJ@XWQK QK (1:) gk pb`efi gf hketrkif, fequbetk b o`hmb hkrrfspkegfetf fst`vfr bafrtb ku ut`i`zf k hketrkif @E@H@B gb o`hmb QFJ@XWQK (o`j. 17) sfifh`kebegk k okrcbtk fvkiuêèk ek hketrkif OKQCBWK.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
80
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
?
G@BJQBCB F FXRVFCB
Gfpfegfegk gb hkeo`jurbêèk gk Fqu`pbcfetk, pkgfc khkrrfr bijucbs vbr`bêöfs fc rfibêèk bks cøguiks `etfreks bprfsfetbgks ek g`bjrbcb f ek fsqufcb b sfju`r.
?.2 ?. 2 G`bjrbcb G`bjrbcb gf Aikhks Aikh ks gbs Oueêöfs Oueêö fs Tbrh Tbrh`b`s `b`s Cøguik gf Fxpbesèk
Bitk Obibetf
Tibhb gf Ifgs
Cøguik WFCT
Oketf
Cøguik FHJ
Cøguik Tr`eh`pbi
Cøguik XpK1
Tibhb Jfrfeh`bgkrb Hfetrbi
Xbãgb Tbrbifib
HKC 2 Cøguik E@AT HKC 1
_ãgfk `etfrek
Wfhibgk/ Aktèk Qktbh`kebi
O`j. 87< G`bjrbcb gf aikhks gbs oueêöfs pbrh`b`s.
Kasfrvbêèk< 2) Gfsfemk `iustrbt`vk gf rfofrìeh`b. Ks pbrácftrks `etfreks pkgfc vbr`br gf bhkrgk hkc b hkeo`jurbêèk gk Fqu`pbcfetk.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
74
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
?.1 ?. 1 Gfshr Gfshr`êèk `êèk Aâs`hb Aâs`h b gks Aik A ikhks hks OKEWF OKEW F GF BI BI@CFEW @CFEWBÊÈ BÊÈK K Qfspkesâvfi pfib bi`cfetbêèk gk Fqu`pbcfetk. Qfjuib b tfesèk gb rfgf fc vbikrfs quf sfrèk bpi`hbgks fc g`vfrsbs pbrtfs gks h`rhu`tks quf hkcpöfc k Fqu`pbcfetk. TIBHB JFQFEH@BGKQB HFEWQBI À rfspkesâvfi pfik hketrkif gf tkgbs bs pbrtfs gk Fqu`pbcfetk. Hketrkib b bqu`s`êèk gks gbgks, fev`b bs `eokrcbêöfs pbrb bs pibhbs gf vãgfk f sf hkcue`hb hkc b sbãgb pbrb `cprfsskrb, HKC 2 f HKC 1. CØGVIK TQ@EH@TBI TQ@EH@TBI Qfhfaf f prkhfssb bs `eokrcbêöfs gks cøguiks o`xks f gf fxpbesèk, fev`b-bs pbrb b Tibhb Jfrfeh`bgkrb Hfetrbi, hketrkib k tfhibgk, k bitk obibetf f b pibhb gf ifgs. XBÃGB TBQBIFIB Tfrc`tf quf k Fqu`pbcfetk sflb hkefhtbgk b ucb `cprfsskrb pbrb k rfj`strk gks trbêbgks f `eokrcbêöfs gk pbh`fetf. BIWK BI WK OBI OBIBEWF BEWF Fc`tf uc s`ebi skekrk qubegk uc i`c`tf gf bibrcf à uitrbpbssbgk. WFHIBGK/ FEHKGFQ ØTW@HK QKWBH@KEBI À btrbvàs gk tfhibgk ku gk fehkgfr rktbh`kebi quf ks blustfs gks pbrácftrks, hketrkifs f kutrbs oueêöfs sèk rfbi`zbgks. _ÃGFK @EWFQEK Bprfsfetb eb tfib ks trbêbgks f kutrbs `eokrcbêöfs quf fstèk sfegk cke`tkr`zbgks. CØGVIKX GF CKE@WKQ@\BÊÈK Qfhfafc ks s`eb`s gk pbh`fetf, prkhfssb f fev`b-ks pbrb k cøguik pr`eh`pbi. CØGVIK GF F]TBEXÈK Tfrc`tf b cke`tkr`zbêèk gf kutrks pbrácftrks o`s`kiøj`hks, biàc gks pbrácftrks prà hkeo`jurbgks. Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
72
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
?.8 Fsqufcb gk Fqu`pbcfetk Jba`eftf supfr`kr
Cøguik pr`eh`pbi
Tb`eà`s ibtfrb`s
Tibhb jfrfeh`bgkrb hfetrbi
Oketf gf bi`cfetbêèk Cøguik gf fxpbesèk
Tibhb gf Ifg‐s
Gr`vfr Jba`eftf `eofr`rkr Xupkrtf gk g`spiby tfhibgk
G`spiby gf Hr`stbi Iãqu`gk Tb`efi orketbi O`j. 86< Fsqufcb gk Fqu`pbcfetk.
Kasfrvbêèk< 2) Gfsfemk `iustrbt`vk gf rfofrìeh`b. Bs pbrtfs `etfrebs pkgfc vbr`br gf bhkrgk bhkrgk hkc b hkeo`jurbêèk gk bpbrfimk.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
71
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
:
CBEVWFEÊÈK, I@CTF\B F FXWFQ@I@\BÊÈK
:.2 :. 2 Cbeut Cbeutfeêèk feêèk Hkrrft`v Hkrr ft`vb b Xfcprf quf okr efhfssâr`k k rfpbrk gk Fqu`pbcfetk, fstf sø gfvfrâ sf foftubgk pfib G@]WBI ku pfib Qfgf Hrfgfeh`bgb G@]WBI gf Bss`stìeh`b Wàhe`hb, gf ckgk b jbrbet`r b hkeo`ba`i`gbgf gk Fqu`pbcfetk f b vbi`gbgf gk Hfrt`o`hbgk gf Jbrbet`b G@]WBI.
:.1 :. 1 Cbeut Cbeutfeêèk feêèk Trfvfet`vb Trfvfet` vb Wàhe Wàhe`h `hb b Tbrb bssfjurbr ucbucb cb`kr hkeo`ba`i`gbgf gk Fqu`pbcfetk, k kpfrbgkr gfvf, beubicfetf, ski`h`tbr cbeutfeêèk prfvfet`vb ä G@]WBI. Fstb cbeutfeêèk hkes`stf gf<
Bvbi`bêèk gb hbi`arbêèk> Cfg`gb gb `skibêèk fiàtr`hb gk Fqu`pbcfetk> Cfg`gb gf hkrrfetf gf oujb> Wfstf gf v`arbêèk.
Qfbi`zbegk fstb cbeutfeêèk, fv`tb-sf obimbs ek Fqu`pbcfetk, r`shks gf if`turbs `ehkrrftbs f b efhfss`gbgf gf cbeutfeêèk hkrrft`vb. Kasfrvbêèk 2) Fssb cbeutfeêèk gfvfrâ sfr rfbi`zbgb bpfebs pfib G@]WBI ku pfib Qfgf Hrfgfeh`bgb G@]WBI gf Bss`stìeh`b Wàhe`hb, pk`s rfqufr bhfssk b pbrtfs `etfrebs gk Fqu`pbcfetk.
:.8 :. 8 Cbeut Cbeutfeêèk feêèk Trfvfet`vb Trfvfet` vb Tfik Tfik Kpfrbgkr B hbgb trìs cfsfs, k kpfrbgkr gfvf vfr`o`hbr b khkrrìeh`b gbs sfju`etfs bekrcbi`gbgfs ek Fqu`pbcfetk< Qfssfhbcfetk gf akrrbhmbs f hkefxöfs. Wr`ehbcfetk gf pbrtfs piâst`hbs f hkefhtkrfs. Kx`gbêèk gf pbrtfs cftâi`hbs.
Qkcp`cfetk gf hbaks.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
78
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
Hkestbtbgk qubiqufr uc gfssfs prkaifcbs, fetrbr fc hketbtk hkc b G@]WBI ku hkc b Qfgf Hrfgfeh`bgb G@]WBI gf Bss`stìeh`b Wàhe`hb pbrb quf bs cfg`gbs efhfssâr`bs sflbc tkcbgbs k cb`s arfvf pkssãvfi, fv`tbegk cb`krfs trbestkreks ku gbeks. Qfssbitbcks quf, k cke`tkr G] 1424 fxfhutb uc butk-tfstf tkgb vfz quf à i`jbgk, k qubi vfr`o`hb b oueh`kebi`gbgf gk fqu`pbcfetk f sfus bhfssør`ks, sfegk gftfhtbgk bijuc prkaifcb k bpbrfimk `eg`hbrâ. Wkcbr tkgks hu`gbgks cfeh`kebgk, bi`bgk äs cfg`gbs gf i`cpfzb gk fqu`pbcfetk bab`xk h`tbgbs, bucfetbrâ b hkeo`ba`i`gbgf gk fqu`pbcfetk, biàc gf bucfetbr b v`gb üt`i gk cfsck.
:.7 :. 7 I`cpfzb I`c pfzb f Fst Fstfr`i fr`i`zbêèk `zbêèk Bab`xk sfjufc `estruêöfs quf gfvfc sfr sfju`gbs r`jkrksbcfetf sfcprf quf okr efhfssâr`k i`cpbr f/ku fstfr`i`zbr k Fqu`pbcfetk f sfus bhfssør`ks. Xujfr`cks quf tb`s cfg`gbs sflbc foftubgbs ek cãe`ck b hbgb trìs cfsfs, ku pfrãkgks cfekrfs sfcprf quf okr fv`gfetf b fx`stìeh`b gf sulf`rb ku hketbc`ebêèk fxhfss`vb. Hu`gbgks qubetk qu betk b i`cpfzb f f fstfr`i stfr`i`zbêè `zbêèk k gk Fqu`p bcfetk Eèk gf`xf hb`r iãqu`gk iãqu`gk sk skarf arf k Fqu`pbcfetk ku pfeftrbr ek cf cfsck. sck. Rubegk `ssk bhketfhfr, bhketfhfr, gfs gfsi`juf i`juf `cfg`btbcf `cfg`btbcfetf etf k Fqu`pbcfetk f fetrf fc hketbtk hkc b bss`stìeh`b tàhe`hb butkr`zbgb. Eèk tfetf fstfr`i`zâ-ik fstfr`i`zâ-ik pkr butkhibvf ku qubiqufr qubiqufr ku kutrb trb tàhe`hb gf `cfrsè `cfrsèk k fc gfs`eoftbetf. Gfsi`juf sfcprf k cke`tkr f gfshkefhtf-k gb tkcbgb gf fefrj`b betfs gf `e`h`br b i`cpfzb.
Tbrtfs Tb rtfs fxtfrebs gk Fqu`p bcfetk bcfetk I`cpf b pbrtf fxtfreb gk Fqu`pb Fqu`pbcfetk cfetk hkc uc pbek ucfgfh`gk fc âjub f
sbaèk efutrk. Lbcb`s `cfrj`r k Fqu`pbcfetk fc iãqu`gks.
Cøguiks Eèk fstfr`i`zf ks cøguiks f sfus bhfssør`ks. Eèk ut`i`zf efemuc prkg prkgutk utk quãc`hk hkck gfr`vb gfr`vbgks gks gf tm`eefr, âihkki ku afez`eb pbrb i`cpbr ks cøguiks f sfus bhfssør`ks. Rubegk efhfssâr`k ut`i`zf bpfebs uc pbek cbh`k if ifvfcfetf vfcfetf ucfgfh`gk fc âjub ckreb f sbaèk efutrk pbrb i`cpâ-ik. i` cpâ-ik. Euehb ckimf ks hkefhtkrfs.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
77
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
Hbak I`cpf-k hkc uc pbek pbek ucfgfh`gk ucfgfh`gk fc âjub âjub ckreb ckreb f sbaèk efutrk. Euehb `cfrj`r. Eèk fstfr`i`zbr.
Trktfêèk Bca`fetbi Ks Fqu`pbcfetks f bhfssør`ks okrefh`gks pfib G@]WBI f sub Qfgf Hrfgfeh`bgb eèk bprfsfetbc r`shks bk o`ebi gf sub v`gb üt`i. Ks bhfssør`ks okrefh`gks pfib G@]WBI f sub Qfgf Hrfgfeh`bgb sèk a`khkcpbtãvf`s f sfjufc bs g`rftr`zfs gbs ekrcbs EAQ @XK 24008-2 f 24008-2 f EAQ @FH ?4?42-2.. ?4?42-2 K gfshbrtf gf fqu`pbcfetks f bhfssør`ks rfut`i`zâvf`s f/ku gfshbrtâvf`s gfvf sfju`r bs Akbs Trbt`hbs Mksp`tbibrfs b o`c gf fv`tbr qubiqufr t`pk gf hketbc`ebêèk.
:.6 :. 6 Xuast`tu` Xuast` tu`êèk êèk gks Ousãvf`s Gfpfegfegk gb hkeo`jurbêèk k fqu`pbcfetk pkssu` cøguik gf fetrbgb hkc hmbvf I@JB/GFXI@JB (@/4) f/ku Tkrtb Ousãvf`s, sfegk quf ks ousãvf`s gfvfc sfr suast`tuãgks qubegk efhfssâr`k. Tbrb suast`tu`r ks ousãvf`s< Hfrt`o`quf-sf quf k cke`tkr fstflb gfsi`jbgk f gfshkefhtbgk gb rfgf fiàtr`hb. Vsbegk ucb hhmbvf mbvf gf ofegb, barb b pkrtb pkrtb gk hkcpbrt`cfetk gf ousãvf`s.
▬
▬
O`j. 8?< Qft`rbr pkrtb ousãvfi.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
76
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
Qft`rf k hkcpbrt`cfetk gks ousãvf`s gk cøguik gf pktìeh`b.
▬
O`j. 8:< Tkrtb ousãvfi.
Xuast`tub k(s) ousãvfi(`s) gbe`o`hbgks pkr kutrk(s) gf cfsck t`pk f vbikr.
▬
Wfesèk Fiàtr`hb 244 / 174 _BH
Ousãvf`s hkc Qftbrgk 8,26B
Qfhkikquf k hkcpbrt`cfetk gf ousãvf`s.
▬
▬
quf Bk rfhkikhbr rf hkcp hkcpbrt`cfetk brt`cfetk g gf f ousãv ousãvf`s f`s ek cøguik gf p pktìeh`b ktìeh`b hhfrt`o`quf-sf frt`o`quf-sf khkikhbr cfsckkfstflb hkrrftbcfetf bikhbgk. Ofhmf b pkrtb gk hkcpbrt`cfetk gf ousãvf`s.
▬
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
7?
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
=
TQKAIFCBX F XKIVÊÖFX
Fstf hbpãtuik trbz pkssãvf`s skiuêöfs pbrb bijues prkaifcbs quf pkgfc khkrrfr hkc k Fqu`pbcfetk f quf pkgfc sfr skiuh`kebgks pfik prøpr`k kpfrbgkr. Xf k prkaifcb pfrs`st`r f k Fqu`pbcfetk eèk oueh`kebr bgfqubgbcfetf bpøs b vfr`o`hbêèk `eg`hbgb, fetrbr fc hketbtk hkc b G@]WBI ku hkc b Qfgf Hrfgfeh`bgb gf Bss`stìeh`b Wàhe`hb pbrb quf bs cfg`gbs hbaãvf`s sflbc tkcbgbs k cb`s arfvf pkssãvfi. TQKAIFCBX TQKAIFCBX
HBVXB TKXXÃ_FI TKXXÃ_FI
Fqu`pbcfetk i`jbgk eèk 2. Obitb gf fefrj`b. oueh`keb bk sfr bh`keb b 1. Hbak gf okrêb gfof`tuksk. hmbvf i`jb/gfsi`jb
XKIVÊÈK 2. _fr`o`hbr k hbak gf okrêb. 1. Wrkhbr k hbak gf okrêb.
2. Cbi pks`h`kebcfetk pks`h`kebcfet k gk hbak 2. Trkhurf pks`h`kebr k hbak pbh`fetf. pbh`fetf gf okrcb quf b hb`xb gf kegf sbfc ks rba`hmks o`quf skarf k pbh`fetf. Gf prfofrìeh`b prfegb fstb hb`xb eb h`eturb gk pbh`fetf. Fv`tf quf k hbak pbh`fetf hkrrb pbrbifik bk hbak gf okrêb. 1. Hbak pbh`fetf gfof`tuksk.
1. Wrkquf k hbak pbh`fetf pkr kutrk hbak.
8. @etfrofrìeh`b @etfrofrìeh `b gf kutrks 8. Fv`tf i`jbr cktkrfs fiàtr`hks f @etfrofrìeh`bs ek Fqu`pbcfetks fiàtr`hks hkcputbgkrfs ek cfsck h`rhu`tk trbêbgk f cfg`gbs gf fc quf fst`vfr i`jbgk k pbrácftrks Fqu`pbcfetk. Fv`tf kpfrbêöfs ebs prkx`c`gbgfs gk Fqu`pbcfetk quf jfrfc hbcpks cbjeàt`hks 7. Cøguik cbu pks`h`kebgk.
6. Kpfrbêèk kpfrbgkr.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
`ehkrrftb
`etfesks. 7. _fr`o`hbr pks`h`kebcfetk pks`h`kebcfetk hkikhbêèk gks cøguiks Fqu`pbcfetk.
f ek
gk 6. Gfsi`jbr f i`jbr k Fqu`pbcfetk pbrb rf`e`h`â-ik. Ifr hkc btfeêèk k Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk pbrb fv`tbr ucb sfqùìeh`b frr÷efb gf bh`kebcfetk gbs tfhibs gf hkcbegk.
7:
G@]WBI
0
Cke`tkr IHG
BHFXXØQ@KX
Ks bhfssør`ks sèk kph`keb`s, pk`s gfpfegfc gb hkeo`jurbêèk bgqu`r`gb pfik hi`fetf. Vt`i`zbr skcfetf ks bhfssør`ks okrefh`gks pfib G@]WBI ku pkr sub rfgf hrfgfeh`bgb ks qub`s okrefhfc prktfêèk hketrb ks fof`tks gf uc gfso`ar`ibgkr f hketrb quf`cbgurbs. Tbrb bgqu`r`r qubiqufr bhfssør`k i`stbgk bab`xk fetrbr fc hketbtk hkc bijuc gks rfprfsfetbetfs butkr`zbgks ku hkc b prøpr`b G@]WBI. À cu`tk `cpkrtbetf quf b ski`h`tbêèk gf qubiqufr bhfssør`k sflb of`tb hkc betfhfgìeh`b pbrb fv`tbr quf b ut`i`zbêèk gk bpbrfimk sflb `etfrrkcp`gb gfv`gk bk prkhfssk gf bqu`s`êèk. BWFEÊÈK< BWFEÊÈ K< Gfvfc sfr ut`i`zbgks skcfetf bhfssør`ks a`khkcpbtãvf`s hkc bs g`rftr`zfs gbs ekrcbs @XK 24008-2 f 24008-2 f EAQ @FH ?4?42-2. ?4?42-2. Bhfssør`ks gf usk fxhius`vk fxhius`vk eks bpbrfimks G@]WBI. G@]WBI. GFXHQ@ÊÈK Cbeubi gf kpfrbêèk Hfetrbi gf cke`tkr`zbêèk Qbhn T/ 8 Cøguiks Qbhn T/ ? Cøguiks Hbak pbrb @etfri`jbêèk @etfri`jbê èk hkc gfso`ar`ibgkr gfso`ar`ib gkr Hbak pbrb btfrrbcfetk
OBAQ@HBEWF OBA Q@HBEWF G@]WBI A`kcàg`hb G@]WBI A`kcàg`hb G@]WBI A`kcàg`hb G@]WBI A`kcàg`hb G@]WBI A`kcàg`hb G@]WBI A`kcàg`hb
HØG@JK _1-V4L46-4 G] 1424H-H G]-4LH4I-4 G]-4LH8I-4 O:-4448F-4 O:-44448-4
Bhfssør`ks gf usk hkcuc, gfsgf quf btfegb bs fspfh`o`hbêöfs f/ku rfhkcfegbêöfs gb G@]WBI. GFXHQ@ÊÈK Hbak gf rfgf hkc tkcbgb @FH
OBAQ@HBEWF OBA Q@HBEWF Zfjoifx @eg Hkc Itgb
Hkevfrskr GH/BH @cprfsskrb lbtk gf t`etb
Ve`trke Fej @eg Hkc Itgb MT - Mfwiftt-Tbhnbrg Mfwiftt-Tbhnbrg Háeke Fpske MT - Mfwiftt-Tbhnbrg Mfwiftt-Tbhnbrg
@cprfsskrb ibsfr
CKGFIK TT]4,:6]1,6C04 TT]4,:6]1,6C 04 /O2=4 LB\\ 264 Xàr`f GfsnLft * AL 144 * Xtyius 644 * Xàr`f Ibsfr Lft 2244 *
* Ku ckgfiks hkcpbtãvf`s.
Kasfrvbêèk< 2)
Gfcb`s bhfssør`ks, hkesuitbr ks Cbeub`s gf Kpfrbêèk gks Cøguiks gf Fxpbesèk.
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
7=
G@]WBI
Cke`tkr IHG
O`jurbs `iustr `i ustrbt`vbs bt`vbs gks bhfssør`ks bhfssør `ks G] 1 142 424 4
Hfetrbi gf Cke`tkr`zbêèk, rfj`strk BE_@XB e4 2410870442?
Qbhn pbrb 8 Cøguiks
Cbeubi gf Kpfrbêèk rfv. K
Qbhn pbrb ? Cøguiks
70
G@]WBI
24
Cke`tkr IHG
FXTFH@O@HBÊÖFX WÀHE@HBX
24.2 24 .2 Gfshr Gfshr`ê `êèk èk gk Trkgut Trk gutk k Hkcpks`êèk K G] 1424 _ãgfk @etfrek IHG Ckguibr pkss`a`i`tb ucb jbcb vbr`bgb gf hkca`ebêöfs gf pbrácftrks `etfreks(prà-hkeo`jurbgks) f pbrácftrks ckguibrfs, btà 8 cøguiks ek bpbrfimk f cb`s 8 ku ? cøguiks fc ’rbhn– fxtfrek (kph`kebi), sfegk< Cøguiks Trà-hkeo`jurbgks ku fxtfreks fxtfreks
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