Manual Laser Duo MMO Endodontia

 

   L    ^    [    K    H    ^    K     Û    Í    [    P    X    ^    G    B

IA^KPXKPAZBA ZLPXÁXBI

 

^L „

FB^XÞPBNL HK PKSB^ÛK^? Khbíîl? Pkv: Pkv1

Hata? Napätuils aitkrahls/r aitkrahls/rkvbsahls? kvbsahls? 0:/:8/0:13 rkvbsîl bgbnbai 11/:6/0:13 Btkd 1.0 „ anrâsnbdl has bgclrdaíûks sl`rk plpuiaíî plpuiaíîll hkstbgaha, bgtkraíîl nld partks hl nlrpl, pkrcbi hl usuárbl. Btkd 0.1? anrâsnbdl ha bgclrdaíîl ha bsliaíîl hk rkhk.

AXKGÍÎL? [XBIB_AP ^LDKGXK A @A^K HL NAPPKMAHLP Q[K ANLDZAGFA K^XK KQ[BZADKGXL. A [XBIB_AÍÎL HK NAPPKMAHLPK^ Q[K ZKPXKGNKD A L[XPL^ KQ[BZADKGXL^ ZLHK ANAPPKXAP KD HAGL^ GÎL NL@KPXL^ ZLP MAPAGXBA.

NAIB@PAÍÎL HL^ IA^KP^? HAXA?

NAIB@PAHL ZLP?

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BG^XP[ÍÛK^ HK [^L ZAPA@ÂG^ ! Slnï ana`a hk ahqubrbr ud kqubpadkgtl hkskgvlivbhl hkgtrl ha dabs aita tknglilmba hbsplgävki gl dkrnahl, prloktahl para prlplrnblgar l dáxbdl hk rkghbdkgtl, quaibhahk k skmuragía. L`rbmahl plr ksnlifkr ud prlhutl DD Lptbns. KQ[BZADKGXL? Gldk tângbnl? ^bstkda a Iaskr para Xkrapba  Xkrapba  Gldk nldkrnbai? IA^KPXKPAZBA ZLPXÁXBI Dlhkil nldkrnbai? IA^KP H[L Pksplgsávki Xângbnl?  Xângbnl?  Kgm. Aghkrslg Iubs _agnfbg „ NPKA-^Z g¿ ;:3203388= Nahastrl AGSB^A g¿? 6::;180::00 DD Lptbns Itha. Pua Mkdbgbagl Nlsta, 18> - Oh. ^. Narils NKZ 1>;3:-381 - ^îl Narils „ ^Z - @rasbi Clgk? +;; (13) >811-;:3: „ ^btk? www.ddl.nld.`r NGZO? :0.833.010/:::1-28 Bgsnrbíîl Kstahuai? 3>=.1>6.0;1.112

AXKGÍÎL

Zara dablr skmuragía? a) Ikba atkgtadkgtk tlhas as bgstruíûks hk usl agtks hk bgstaiar lu lpkrar kstk prlhutl. `) Kstk daguai hkvk skr ibhl plr tlhls ls lpkrahlrks hl prlhutl. Kstk daguai clb rkhbmbhl lrbmbgaidkgtk gl bhblda plrtumuïs.

(>:.:>3>:) Pkv 1 „ aml/13 BG^XP[ÍÛK^ HK [^L „ IA^KP H[L

Zámbga?

1/1; 

 

 

NLGXKßHL? Zám. 

.................................................................................................................................................. ......................... 1 „ Bgclrdaíûks mkrabs ......................................................................................................................... 1.1 „ Gldk k dlhkil ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. 1.0 „ Hksnrbíîl .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... 1.> „ Zartks k ankssþrbls anldpagfagtks ................................................................................................................ 1.8 „ Hbdkgsûks ......................................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................................

:> :> :> :8 :8

1.; „ Lpnblgabs, datkrbabs hk nlgsudl k datkrbabs hk aplbl ................................................................................... 1.3 „ Kspknbcbnaíûks k Narantkrästbnas Xângbnas ...................................................................................................... 1.= „ Nlghbíûks hk lpkraíîl, tragsplrtk k ardazkgamkd ....................................................................................... 1.6 „ Nlgtkÿhl has darnaíûks ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ 1.2 „ ^bd`lilmbas ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................ 0 - Bgstruíûks para usl hl prlhutl ............................................................................................................................ 0.1 „ Bgclrdaíûks mkrabs ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 0.0 „ Bgstaiaíîl ......................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................... 0.> „ Ibdpkza ............................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................ 0.8 „ Hksbgckníîl ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... 0.; „ Nlgtra-bghbnaíûks ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. 0.3 „ Ahvkrtïgnbas k/lu prknauíûks huragtk l usl hl IA^KP ................................................................................. 0.= „ Ahvkrtïgnbas k/lu prknauíûks nld a `atkrba Ib-Blg .........................................................................................

:; :; :; :3 :3 :3 :3 := := := := :6 :6

0.6 „ Bgstruíûks hk lpkraíîl ........................................................................................................................ .................................................................................................................................... ............ 0.2 „ Náinuil hk hlsamkd ......................................................................................................................................... 0.1: „ @blnldpatb`bibhahk ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... ................... 0.11 „ Nldpatb`bibhahk kiktrldamgâtbna - Avbsl ........................................................................................................ .............................................................................................................................................................. > „ Dagutkgíîl .............................................................................................................................................................. >.1 „ Bgclrdaíûks mkrabs ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ >.0 „ Dagutkgíîl prkvkgtbva ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... >.> „ Dagutkgíîl nlrrktbva ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... >.8 „ Zrknauíûks kd nasl hk aitkraíîl hl cugnblgadkgtl hl prlhutl ................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................... 8 „ Xkrdl hk Maragtba ...............................................................................................................................................

:2 1: 1: 11 1> 1> 1> 1> 18 1;

(>:.:>3>:) Pkv 1 „ aml/13 BG^XP[ÍÛK^ HK [^L „ IA^KP H[L

Zámbga?

0/1; 

 

 

1 „ Bgclrdaíûks mkrabs 1.1 - Gldk k dlhkil Gldk nldkrnbai? IA^KPXKPAZBA ZLPXÁXBI Dlhkil nldkrnbai? IA^KP H[L  H[L 

1.0 „ Hksnrbíîl L IA^KP H[L â uda nagkta IA^KP para utbibzaíîl ga iaskrtkrapba hk `abxa bgtkgsbhahk þtbna apibnaha ga rkparaíîl tknbhuai (`blkstbduiaíîl), agaimksba k aíîl agtbgciadatþrba. L IA^KP H[L â uda ckrradkgta tkrapïutbna para prlcbssblgabs ha lhlgtlilmba. Ls usls dabs crkqùkgtks sîl kd tratadkgtls hk actas, fkrpks, dunlsbtks, AXD, fbpkrskgsb`bibhahk hkgtbgárba k tratadkgtls pþslpkratþrbls, pkrblhøgtbnls, kghlhøgtbnls lu lrtlhøgtbnls lrtlhøgtbnls.. L IA^KP H[L ougtadkgtk nld ls lutrls dlhkils ha cadäiba hk IA^KPs hk `abxa bgtkgsbhahk quk lpkrad skd cbl nld `atkrba rknarrkmávki hk Ib-Blg, plssukd hlbs IA^KPs (vbsävki k bgcravkrdkifl) kd uda dksda pkía hk dîl nld hksbmgkr dlhkrgl k ikvk, tlrgaghl l usl kd nlgsuitþrbls, niägbnas, flspbtabs dubtl sbdpiks k rápbhl. A pkía hk dîl â piástbna k plssub clrdatl agatødbnl, canbibtaghl a apibnaíîl. Â nldplstl plr hlbs IA^KPs hk hblhl? bgcravkrdkifl (6:6gd), vbsävki vkrdkifl (33:gd) k ud `bnl hk apibnaíîl quk plhk skr autlniavávki. autlniavávki. Ls tkdpls hk tratadkgtl plhkd skr ksnlifbhas rapbhadkgtk atravâs has tknias k hbspiay hl kqubpadkgtl. L narrkmahlr hk `atkrba anldpagfa l kqubpadkgtl k plssb`bibta skr utbibzahl nldl suplrtk ha pkía hk dîl. A `atkrba gîl plssub kckbtl dkdþrba. Kia â nldplsta hk Ib-Blg k plssb`bibta quk a narma skoa rkaibzaha nlgstagtkdkgtk skd pkrha hl tkdpl hk vbha ha `atkrba. L narrkmahlr â aibdkgtahl ga rkhk kiâtrbna? 1::-00:S~ ;:/3:Fz. L kqubpadkgtl IA^KP H[L clb prloktahl k ca`rbnahl hk anlrhl nld ls rkqubsbtls has glrdas apibnávkbs? A@GX G@P BKN 3:3:1-1, A@GX G@P BKN 3:3:1-1-0 k BKN3:60;-1. L sbstkda hk mkstîl ha quaibhahk PHN 13/0:1> (@las Zrátbnas hk Ca`rbnaíîl hk Zrlhutls Dâhbnls) sîl apibnahls huragtk tlhas as casks hl hbsplsbtbvl, hk dlhl a maragtbr quk tlhls ls rkqubsbtls hk nibkgtks k rkmuiadkgtarks apibnávkbs skoad atkghbhls. BDZLPXAGXK? lhlgtliþmbnl. l. •  L dlhkil IA^KP H[L â bghbnahl para usl lhlgtliþmbn utbibzahll kd nlgsuitþrbls, flspbtabs, niägbnas k ad`uiatþrbls ad`uiatþrbls sl` •  L hbsplsbtbvl plhkrá skr utbibzah supkrvbsîl hk ud prlcbssblgai rksplgsávki, skmubghl tlhls ls prlnkhbdkgtls hk skmuragía bghbnahls para l usl hk ud kqubpadkgtl IA^KP. Skoa glrda hk skmuragía hk usl hk kqubpadkgtl IA^KP BKN 3:60;-18 „ Muba hl usuárbl.

(>:.:>3>:) Pkv 1 „ aml/13 BG^XP[ÍÛK^ HK [^L „ IA^KP H[L

Zámbga?

>/1; 

 

 

  A iuz hl iaskr kdbtbhl pkil Iaskr Hul â utbibzaha para `blkstbduiaíîl tknbhuai, agaimksba k aíîl agtb-bgciadatþrba nldl nlahouvagtk kd tratadkgtls hk aimudas patlilmbas ga árka hk lhlgtlilmba. •  A plpuiaíîl hk panbkgtks hkstbgaha? ahuitls, nld saÿhk gîl rkikvagtk, ganblgaibhahk dÿitbpias k l kstahl hl panbkgtk gîl â rkikvagtk.  •  Ilnai ha apibnaíîl? @lna, rlstl. Nlghbíîl? Ga dablrba hls nasls pkik bgtanta, kd aimugs nasls plr kxkdpil gls nasls hk ankikraíîl ha nbnatrbzaíîl hk ckrbhas lu iksûks nbrÿrmbnas, pkik lu

•

tknbhls dliks iksblgahl iksblgahls. s.    Zkrcbi hl usuárbl usuárbl?? Zrlcbssblgai ha árka árka hk lhlgtlil lhlgtlilmba? mba? nbrurmbîl hkg hkgtbsta. tbsta. L nlgfknbdkgtl sl`rk sl`rk tângbnas hk iaskrtkrapba hk `abxa bgtkgsbhahk apibnahl a lhlgtlilmba sîl l`tbhls gls rkspkntbvls nursls hk quaibcbnaíîl prlcbssblgai. A utbibzaíîl hls kqubpadkgtls gîl gknkssbta hk nursls lu trkbgadkgtls ahbnblgabs k para lpkraíîl hl kqubpadkgtl as bgstruíûks hk usl quk anldpagfad l kqubpadkgtl sîl sucbnbkgtks. •  A DDL gîl sk rksplgsa`bibza pkia utbibzaíîl bgnlrrkta k/lu bgahkquaha hl kqubpadkgtl lu pkia caita hk nlgfknbdkgtl nlgfknbdkgtl hl lpkrahlr. •  Apþs a bgutbibzaíîl hkstk kqubpadkgtl, kstk hkvk skr hksnartahl kd ilnai aprlprbahl, nlgclrdk a ikmbsiaíîl ilnai hl paäs. Gl @rasbi, hk anlrhl nld a rksliuíîl hl Nlgada 0;= k 03>, as `atkrbas hk Ib-Blg plhkd skr hksnartahas kd ibxl hldâstbnl. Bghkpkghkgtk ha ikmbsiaíîl vbmkgtk, a DD Lptbns plhkrá rknk`kr hls nibkgtks as `atkrbas bgutbibzahas hkstk kqubpadkgtl para rknbniamkd. kxpkntatbva bva hk vbha ÿtbi hl kqubpadkgtl â ; agls. •  A kxpkntat •

1.> - Zartks k ankssþrbls anldpagfagtks?  anldpagfagtks?   1. Nagkta IA^KP 0. Clgtk hl nar narrkmahlr rkmahlr (1:: (1::-00:S~ -00:S~ ;:/3:Fz) >. Narrkmahlr hhkk `atkrba 8. :0 þnuils prlcbssblgai ;. :1 þnuils panbkgtk

1.8 - Hbdkgsûks?  Hbdkgsûks? 

(>:.:>3>:) Pkv 1 „ aml/13 BG^XP[ÍÛK^ HK [^L „ IA^KP H[L

Zámbga?

8/1; 

 

 

1.; „ Lpnblgabs, datkrbabs hk nlgsudl k datkrbabs hk aplbl Lpnblgabs? ebt cb`ras para ZHX (G¿ NAH. D^? 6::;180: 6::;180::1:), :1:), gîl anldpagfa l kqubpadkgtl kqubpadkgtl (nlgsuitk glssl hkpartadkgtl nldkrnbai).  Datkrbabs hk nlgsudl? gîl apibnávki. Datkrbabs hk aplbl? Bgstruíûks hk usl. Btkgs hk ca`rbnaíîl para usl kxniusbvl gls prlhutls ha kdprksa? Xlhas as partks, ankssþrbls k lpnblgabs hksnrbtls gksta Bgstruíîl hk [sl k ls hkdabs gîl hksnrbtls, das pkrtkgnkgtks al kqubpadkgtl sîl hk usl kxniusbvl gl kqubpadkgtl IA^KP H[L. Atkgíîl? L usl hk quaiqukr partk, ankssþrbl lu datkrbai gîl kspknbcbnahl lu prkvbstl gkstas bgstruíûks hk usl â hk bgtkbra rksplgsa`bibhahk hl usuárbl. 1.3 - Kspknbcbnaíûks k Narantkrästbnas Xângbnas? Kqubpadkgtl? Aibdkgtaíîl Autlgldba ha `atkrba kd usl nlgtägul nld narma tltai Xkdpl para narma nldpikta

Aibdkgtaíîl? narrkmahlr hk `atkrba Xkdpkratura hk lpkraíîl ha `atkrba? Nbnil hk narma Nbnil hk hksnarma Zltïgnba gldbgai dáxbda hl narrkmahlr hk `atkrba  

Niassbcbnaíîl kiâtrbna hk anlrhl nld a BKN 3:3:1-1 Zrltkíîl nlgtra nflquk kiâtrbnl hk anlrhl nld a BKN 3:3:1-1  Dlhl hk lpkraíîl hl kqubpadkgtl Datkrbai hl ma`bgktk Mrau hk pkgktraíîl hk anlrhl nld BKN 3:;02 Kdbsslr hk iuz Niassk hls IA^KPs skmughl BKN 3:60;-1 Zltïgnba þtbna hls iaskrs Árka hl ckbxk IA^KP hk saäha gl `bnl ha nagkta Nldprbdkgtls hk lgha hls IA^KPs? ^lctwark

@atkrba hk Ib-Blg =,8S/3;:dA 1;: - 16: dbgutls 3: „ 10: dbgutls Sk? 1::-00:S~ ;:/3:Fz Ss? 2S/1,0 A :lN „ 8;lN -0:lN „ 3:lN 1;SA Niassk BB Xbpl @

Þnuils hk prltkíîl  prltkíîl 

Nlgtägul A@^ BZV: IA^KP skdbnlghutlr (MaAiAs k BgMaAiZ) Niassk >P 1::d]±0:% (33:gd k 6:6gd) >dd0 33:gd±1:gd k 6:6gd±1:gd ZPLM\I^PZLPX\H[L S:: :0 þnuils para prlcbssblgai (33:gd k 6:6gd) :1 þnuils para panbkgtk

Zksl iäqubhl Zksl `rutl Xbpls hk kd`aiamkgs Hbdkgsûks ha kd`aiamkd

31;m 68:m Nabxa hk papkiîl >::dd V 00:dd V 6:dd

1.= Nlghbíûks hk lpkraíîl, tragsplrtk k ardazkgamkd Nlghbíûks ad`bkgtabs hk lpkraíîl Xkdpkratur Xkdp kraturaa ha saia [dbhahk rkiatbva Zrkssîl atdlscârbna

+1;º +1;ºN N a +>:º +>:ºN N >:% a =;% (gîl nlghkgsagtk) =::fZa a 1:3:fZa

Nlghbíûks ad`bkgtabs hk tragsplrtk k ardazkgadkgtl Xkdpkratur Xkdp kraturaa ha saia -10º -10ºN N a +;:º +;:ºN N [dbhahk rkiatbva :% a 2:% (gîl nlghkgsagtk) Zrkssîl atdlscârbna =::fZa a 1:3:fZa

(>:.:>3>:) Pkv 1 „ aml/13 BG^XP[ÍÛK^ HK [^L „ IA^KP H[L

Zámbga?

;/1; 

 

 

1.6. Nlgtkÿhl has darnaíûks?

Ktbquktas hk bhkgtbcbnaíî bhkgtbcbnaíîl? l?

Ktbquktas hk avbsl hk skmuragía „ IA^KP?

1.2. ^bd`lilmba? ^bd`lilmba?   Kd`aiamkd

Zrlhutl

Kd`aiamkd

0 - Bgstruíûks para usl hl prlhutl 0.1 - Bgclrdaíûks mkrabs • Xlhas as partks, ankssþrbls k lpnblgabs hksnrbtls gksta bgstruíîl hk usl k ls hkdabs gîl hksnrbtls, H[L5   das pkrtkgnkgtks al kqubpadkgtl sîl hk usl kxniusbvl gl kqubpadkgtl IA^KP H[L5 • Atkgíîl? L usl hk quaiqukr partk, ankssþrbl lu datkrbai gîl kspknbcbnahl lu prkvbstl gksta bgstruíîl hk usl â hk bgtkbra rksplgsa`bibhahk hl usuárbl5 • A DDL gîl sk rksplgsa`bibza pkia utbibzaíîl bgnlrrkta k/lu bgahkquaha hl kqubpadkgtl lu pkia caita hk nlgfknbdkgtl hl lpkrahlr5 (>:.:>3>:) Pkv 1 „ aml/13 BG^XP[ÍÛK^ HK [^L „ IA^KP H[L

Zámbga?

3/1; 

 

 

 A DD Lptbns Lptb ns Itha rksk rkskrva rva l hbrkbt hbrkbtll hk aitkrar quaiqukr part partkk lu ankssþr ankssþrbl bl skd prko prkouhbnar uhbnar l cugnblgadkgtl hl kqubpadkgtl. • Bsliaíîl hk rkhk. Kd nasl hk kdkrmïgnba lu para kxknutar a ibdpkza hl prlhutl, hksnlgkntar l pium HN ha clgtk c lgtk hk aibdkgtaíîl hl narrkmahlr k rkdlvkr a clgtk ha tldaha hk aibdkgtaíîl kiâtrbna. •

0.0 - Bgstaiaíîl B gstaiaíîl •  Nlgkntar a clgtk aibdkgtaíîl ga rkhk kiâtrbna? 1::-00:S~ nld crkquïgnba hk ;:/3:Fz k nlgkntar l ha clgtkl gl narrkmahlrnld hk `atkrba5   pium Hkskd`aik kqubpadkgtl nubhahl5 •  Skrbcbquk Skrbcbq uk partks k ankssþrbls anldpagfagtks (vkoa btkd 1.>)5 •

0.> „ Ibdpkza utbibzar su`stàgnbas `antkrbnbhas `antkrbnbhas nldl? áinlli =: =:% % lu hksbgcktagtk hk •  Zara ibdpkza, plhk-sk utbibzar supkrcänbk. Gîl hkbxar l iäqubhl pkgktrar gl bgtkrblr hl ma`bgktk lu narrkmahlr hk `atkrba5 •  A ibdpkza hls þnuils plhk skr rkaibzaha iavaghl nld ámua k sa`îl gkutrl, sknaghl ikvkdkgtk nld ikgíls hk papki5 •  L `bnl ha nagkta IA^KP plssub uda dbnrl ikgtk k uda oagkia hk vbhrl ga saäha hl ckbxk. Kstk `bnl plssub pkías hk dktai k vbhrl, plrtagtl, plhk skr autlniavahl k pkrblhbnadkgtk as partks kxtkrgas ha oagkia k dbnrl ikgtk hkvkd skr ibdpas nld ud aimlhîl lu ikgíl hk papki ikvkdkgtk udkhknbhl nld áinlli para rktbraha hk rksähuls quk aitkrad a pltïgnba hk saäha hl ckbxk IA^KP5 •  L nlrpl ha nagkta gîl plhk skr dkrmuifahl kd iäqubhls (ámua, áinlli, slivkgtk, ktn)5 •

  A nagkta gîl plhk skr skr nlilnaha kd ks kstucas tucas lu autlniav autlniavks. ks. ^ldkgtk l `bnl pplhk lhk skr nlilnahl kkd d autlniavks5 •  Dagtkr ls tkrdbgabs hk nlgtatl ha `atkrba skdprk ibdpls. [tbibzar sldkgtk ud pagl ibdpl k sknl para ibdpar ls tkrdbgabs.

0.8 - Hksbgckníîl •  Zara hksbgckníîl, rkaibza-sk a asskpsba fa`btuai anrksnbha hk ud mkrdbnbha lu prlhutl hksbgcktagtk hk iarml kspkntrl, tldaghl-sk l nubhahl hk gîl hkbxar rksähuls quk plssad prlvlnar quaiqukr aíîl tþxbna al kgtrar kd nlgtatl nld l panbkgtk5 kqubpadkgtl ggîl îl â kstkrbibz kstkrbibzávki ávki k gkgfuda partk hl kqub kqubpadkgtl padkgtl â clrg clrgknbha knbha kstârbi kstârbi.. •  L ma`bgktk hl kqubpadkgtl 0.; „ Nlgtra bghbnaíûks L IA^KP gîl hkvk skr utbibzahl para? •  Brrahbaíîl hls lifls5 •

  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •

Brrahbaíîl hl ÿtkrl kd panbkgtks mrávbhas5 hk cktl árkaslunld fkdlrrambas5 Brrahbaíîl hk árkas bgckntahas5 Brrahbaíîl hk árka nld fbplkstksb fbplkstksbaa al nailr5 Brrahbaíîl has ibgfas kpbcbskabs kd nrbagías5 Brrahbaíî Brrahbaíîll kd nrbagías dkglrks hk 0 agls5 Brrahbaíîl hk miàghuia tbrkþbhk, miàghuias kghþnrbgas k tks tkstänuils5 tänuils5 Brrahbaíîl hk gkrvls vamls5 Brrahbaíîl sl`rk árkas nld tudlr daibmgl lu nàgnkr5 Brrahbaíîl hk árka sl` tratadkgtl hkr hkrdatliþmbnl datliþmbnl quk kstkoad kstkoad utbibzaghl su`stàgnb su`stàgnbas as cltlsskgsävkbs lu kd panbkgtks quk kstîl utbibzaghl dkhbnadkgtls lu su`stàgnbas quk plhkd tkr aíîl cltlsskgsb`bibzahlra.

(>:.:>3>:) Pkv 1 „ aml/13 BG^XP[ÍÛK^ HK [^L „ IA^KP H[L

Zámbga?

=/1; 

 

 

0.3 - Ahvkrtïgnbas k/lu prknauíûks huragtk l usl hl IA^KP? 1. AXKGÍÎL? [tbibzaíîl hk nlgtrliks, aoustks lu kxknuíîl hk lutrls prlnkhbdk prlnkhbdkgtls gtls gîl aqub kspknbcbnahls plhk rksuitar kd kxplsbíîl hk rahbaíîl prkouhbnbai5 0. Asskpsba fa`btuai hkvkrá skr ckbta prbgnbpaidkgtk gl ma`bgktk, agtks k hkplbs hk rknk`kr naha panbkgtk, bgniusbvk para a prbdkbra utbibzaíîl hl kqubpadkgtl5 >. Zrltkmkr skdprk a saäha hl ckbxk IA^KP nld cbidk ZSN tragsparkgtk, prbgnbpaid prbgnbpaidkgtk kgtk l `bnl ha nagkta IA^KP. Xrlnar l cbidk ZSN skdprk quk rkaibzar a asskpsba kgtrk panbkgtks5 8. iuz Dagtkgfa nldprldkt ad a quaibhahk ha kdbtbha5l `bnl ha nagkta IA^KP skdprk ibdpl skd rksähuls quk nldprldktad ;. L IA^KP H[L â kqubpahl nld uda nfavk hk skmuragía atravâs hk skgfa quk gîl pkrdbtk l cugnblgadkgtl hls IA^KPs. A skgfa hk skmuragía hkvk skr rkskrvaha sldkgtk als usuárbls quaibcbnahls hk clrda a prltkmkr nlgtra l usl bghkvbhl hl IA^KP. 3. [d rbsnl hk clml k/lu kxpilsîl kxbstk quaghl l kqubpadkgtl â usahl ga prkskgía hk datkrbabs bgciadávkbs, sliuíûks lu masks tabs nldl þxbhl gbtrlsl (G0L), masks agkstâsbnls bgciadávkbs lu lxbhávkbs, lu kd ad`bkgtks kgrbquknbhls nld lxbmïgbl. Quaghl utbibzar slivkgtks hk ahksbvls lu sliuíûks hk ibdpkza k hksbgckníîl bgciadávkbs, hkvk-sk amuarhar a kvaplraíîl hl prlhutl bgciadávki agtks hk utbibzar l kqubpadkgtl5 =. Atkgíîl para l usl hl kqubpadkgt kqubpadkgtll kd panbkgtks quk plssukd darnapassl. Ls darnapassls plhkd slcrkr bgtkrckrïgnbas kiktrldamgâtbnas hkvbhl ês partks kiktrøgbnas k na`ls. Nasl pkrnk`a aitkraíûks, acastk l panbkgtk hl kqubpadkgtl5 6. Nubhahl nld as rkcikxûks hl ckbxk IA^KP IA^KP nausahas plr kikdkgtls dktáibnls dktáibnls lu supkrcänbks kspkifahas quk plssad rkciktbr l ckbxk para ls lifls5 2. IA^KP Atkgíîlhbrktadkgtk para apibnaíûks apibnaíûks IA^KPs IA^KPs glplhk rlstlhagbcbnar k ga rkmbîl rkmbaîl prþxbda als lifls. Gîl bgnbha l ckbxk sl`rkhls ls lifls, plbs rktbga5 1:. [tbibzk skdprk ls þnuils hk prltkíîl huragtk as apibnaíûks hls IA^KPs, para skmuragía hl prlcbssblgai k panbkgtk5 prlcbssblgaii sîl clrgknbhls hl hlbs bs tbpls hk þnui þnuils ls nld hkplsbíîl kspknbai, quk •  Zara l prlcbssblga atkguad l ckbxk IA^KP, das gîl `ilqukbad a vbsîl mkrai ha árka hk tra`aifl5 •  Zara l panbkg panbkgtk tk â clrgknbhl ud þnuils ks kspknbai pknbai qu qukk `ilqukba tlhls ls nldp nldprbdkgtls rbdkgtls hk lgha. 11. Zara skmuragía skmur agía hl prlcbs prlcbssblgai sblgai k panbk panbkgtk, gtk, utbibzk sldkgtk ls þnuils quk anld anldpagfad pagfad l kqubpadkgtl. Nasl gknkssárbl þnuils kxtras, ahqubra sldkgtk ls þnuils rknldkghahls pkil ca`rbnagtk (nlgsuitk glssl hkpartadkgtl nldkrnbai)5 10. L kqubpadkgtl gîl hkvk skr lpkrahl plr pksslas lu prlcbssblgabs skd a hkvbha fa`bibtaíîl5 1>. Nubhahl? l kqubpadkgtl gîl plhk slcrkr qukhas. 18. AXKGÍÎL? Gîl mbrar a plgtkbra hk apibnaíîl apibnaíîl,, plhk hagbcbnar as cb`ras þtbnas bgtkrgas k nldprldktkr a utbibzaíîl hl kqubpadkgtl.

0.= - Ahvkrtïgnbas k/lu prknauíûks nld a `atkrba Ib-Blg? 1. Gîl kxplr a `atkrba Ib-Blg ê aitas tkdpkraturas (anbda hk +8;º +8;ºN N kd lpkraíîl lu narma) lu clml sl` rbsnl hk kxpilsîl5 0. Dagtkr a `atkrba skdprk narrkmaha, hkbxar skdprk a `atkrba narrkmaghl quaghl gîl kstbvkr utbibzaghl5 >. Pkaibzar a narma narma ha `atk `atkrba rba kd ud ilnai nld tkdpkratura aad`bkgtk5 d`bkgtk5 8. [tbibzar sldkgtk l narrkmahlr quk anldpagfa l kqubpadkgtl5 ;. Gîl usk l na`l cikxävki hk aibdkgtaíîl hl narrkmahlr hk `atkrbas sk partks hl dksdl kstbvkrkd pbgíahas lu sk l bsliadkgtl kstbvkr hagbcbnahl5 3. Gîl nurtl-nbrnubtar nurtl-nbrnubtar llss tkrdbga tkrdbgabs bs ha `atkrba5 =. Gîl pkrdbtbr quk l`oktls l`oktls dktáibnls caía caíad d nlgtatl nld ls tkrdb tkrdbgabs gabs ha `atkrb `atkrba5 a5 6. Nasl l kqubpadkgt kqubpadkgtll pkrdagkía ardazkgahl plr ud ilgml pkrälhl, rkaibzar a rknarma ha `atkrba ê naha 3 dksks5 2. A `atkrba hkvk skr skr su`stbtuäha sldkg sldkgtk tk pkia assbstïg assbstïgnba nba tângbna autlrb autlrbzaha. zaha. (>:.:>3>:) Pkv 1 „ aml/13 BG^XP[ÍÛK^ HK [^L „ IA^KP H[L

Zámbga?

6/1; 

 

 

0.6 - Bgstruíûks hk lpkraíîl A. @bnl ha nagkta? saäha IA^KP (partk apibnaha) apibnaha)   @. IKH vkrhk „ bghbna IA^KP hbsplgävki para apibnaíîl N. IKH azui „ pbsnaghl bghbna IA^K IA^KP P kdbtbghl H. Hbspiay hk 0 hämbtls K. Xknia ibma/hksibma k tknia ankbtk C. IKH Xkniavkrhk hk skikíîl M. bghbna `atkrba narrkmaghl F. Nlgkntlr ha clgtk hk aibdkgtaíîl hl narrkmahlr B. Clgtk hk aibdkgtaíîl hl narrkmahlr? 1::00:S~/;:-3:Fz

1. A árka hk saäha hl ckbxk IA^KP â >dd05 0. L kqubpadkgtl plssub hlbs IA^KPs? vkrdkifl k bgcravkrdkifl quk gîl sîl ibmahls sbduitagkadkgtk kd dlhl hk apibnaíîl5 >. L kqubpadkgtl slibnbtará a skgfa para hks`ilqukar l ankssl als nldaghls? ^g5 8. Zara hks`ilqukar l kqubpadkgtl, skiknblgar l g¿ hk :: a 22 nld a tknia skikíîl (C). Zara ksnlifkr l dlhl hk skikíîl hl gÿdkrl, nrksnkgtk lu hknrksnkgtk prkssblgar a tknia apkgas uda vkz. Ikh vkrhk ibmahl, bghbna a skikíîl hk gÿdkrls nrksnkgtk k ikh zui ibmahl bghbna skikíîl hknrksnkgtk. Apþs a ksnlifa hl gÿdkrl, ankbtar a skgfa nld a tknia ibma/hksibma (K) prkssblgaghl plr aimugs skmughls atâ kdbtbr ud sbgai slglrl k l hbspiay aprkskgtar a prbdkbra lpíîl hl dkgu I15 ;. A skgfa pahrîl hk cá`rbna â? ::. Pknldkghadls aitkrar a skgfa para prltkíîl hl usl bghkvbhl hl kqubpadkgtl. Zara aitkrar a skgfa, â gknkssárbl kstar gl dkgu hk skikíûks, ga lpíîl (LC). Dagtkr prkssblgaha a tknia ibma/hksibma (K) skd slitar, atâ a sbgaibzaíîl slglra, kd skmubha slitar a tknia, l hbspiay dlstrará ’^g— k l ikh azui skrá rapbhadkgtk ibmahl plr aimugs bgstagtks k kd skmubha l hbspiay dlstra ’::— k l ikh vkrhk skrá ibmahl para skikíîl ha glva skgfa. Ksnlifa kgtrk :: k 22, dagtkgfa prkssblgahl a tknia ibma/hksibma (K) atâ l slglrbzahlr anblgar k l dkgu rktlrgar para a tkia hk slibnbtaíîl hk skgfa5 3. Hbmbtk a glva skgfa hk sskmuragía5 kmuragía5 =. ^kiknblgk a lpíîl? I1, I0, bi.1, bi.0, Ch lu LC atravâs ha tknia skikíîl (C) k nlgcbrdk nld a tknia ibma/hksibma (K)? I1 IA^KP vkrdkifl I0 IA^KP bgcravkrdkifl bi.1 Dlhl BIB@ „ 33:gd bi.0 Dlhl BIB@ „ 6:6gd Ch IA^KP vkrdkifl „ ebt cb`ras LC Hksibmar l kqubpadkgtl 6. ^kiknblgk l tkdpl hk apibnaíîl apibnaíîl nld a tknia skikíîl skikíîl (C) k nlgcbrdk nld a tknia ibma/hk ibma/hksibma sibma (K)? 1:, 0:, >:, 8:, ;:, 3:, =:, 6: k 2:s5 Xkdpl (s) 1: 0: >: 8: ;: 3: =: 6: 2:

Hlsk (O/nd0) >> 33 1:: 1>> 133 0:: 0>> 033 >::

Zltkgnba (d]) 1:: 1:: 1:: 1:: 1:: 1:: 1:: 1:: 1::

Kgkrmba (O) 1 0 > 8 ; 3 = 6 2

2. L dlhl bi.1 k bi.0, plssub ud tkdpl tkdpl hk apibnaíîl cbxl kd >: dbgutls. L dlhl bi.1 nlrrksplghk nlrrksplghk a kdbssîl hl iaskr 33:gd k l bi.0 al iaskr 6:6gd5 (>:.:>3>:) Pkv 1 „ aml/13 BG^XP[ÍÛK^ HK [^L „ IA^KP H[L

Zámbga?

2/1; 

 

 

1:. Apþs a nlgcbrdaíîl hl tkdpl, l IKH vkrhk (@) â ibmahl k l hbspiay (H) aprkskgta ud avbsl? ’rh— bghbnaghl quk l IA^KP kstá prkparahl para apibnaíîl5 11. Zrkssblgar a tknia ibma/hksibma (K) para kdbssîl hl IA^KP hk tra`aifl, l iaskr muba k l IKH azui (N) gl pabgki â ibmahl (pbsnaghl a naha skmughl para bghbnar a kdbssîl IA^KP). L nlgtahlr hk tkdpl â bgbnbahl. [d slglrbzahlr bghbnará l bgänbl k l cbgai ha apibnaíîl. Apþs l târdbgl ha apibnaíîl, ls hlbs IKHs (@ k N) apamad k l kqubpadkgtl rktlrga al dkgu hk lpíîl hk tkdpl5 10. Huragtk a apibnaíîl, nasl gknkssárbl rkaibzar uda pausa, prkssblgar a tknia (K) ibma/hksibma. L tkdplrbzahlr pkrdagknkrá pausahl atâ a tknia (K) skr prkssblgaha glvadkgtk. L tkdplrbzahlr nlgtbguará a nlgtamkd atâ a cbgaibzaíî c bgaibzaíîl5 l5 1>. Zara trlnar l IA^KP, â gknkssárbl dagtkr prkssblgaha a tknia ibma/hksibma (K). L kqubpadkgtl rktlrga ê lpíîl hk skikíîl hk IA^KP (I1, I0, bi.1, bi.0, Ch lu LC)5 18. Apþs skiknblgar l dlhl BIB@ (bi.1 lu bi.0) l hbspiay dlstrará quagtls nbnils hk bib` (>: dbgutls) skrá plssävki rkaibzar nld a narma ha `atkrba quk kstá hbsplgävki. Nld a narma nldpikta â plssävki rkaibzar 3 nbnils5 1;. L kqubpadkgtl kgtra kd dlhl hk hksnagsl apþs > dbgutls skd atbvbhahks. Zara rktlrgar, `asta prkssblgar a tknia ibma/hksib ibma/hksibma ma (K)5 13. Zara hksibmar k bdpkhbr l ankssl hl kqubpadkgtl plr pksslas gîl autlrbzahas, rktlrgar ê lpíîl hk skikíîl hk IA^KP (I1, I0, bi.1, bi.0, Ch, LC) k skiknblgar LC5 1=. Quaghl gîl kstbvkr kd usl, dagtkgfa l kqubpadkg kqubpadkgtl tl gl narrkmahlr hk `atkrba. Nlgkntar l pium ha clgtk (B) ga `ask hl narrkmahlr (F), nlgkntar a clgtk (B) ga rkhk kiâtrbna 1::-00:S~ ;:/3:Fz. L IKH vkrhk (M) ibmahl bghbna quk a `atkrba kstá narrkmaghl. Quaghl a narma ha `atkrba kstbvkr nldpikta, l IKH (M) apamará. L kqubpadkgtl glvl hk cá`rbna â kgtrkmuk nld a narma ha `atkrba nldpikta, skoa, l parnbai bghbnahlr narrkmahlr aprkskgtará l ikh apamahl k bgbnbará a narma sldkgtk apþs uda lu hksnarma hahl `atkrba. 16. Bghbnaíûks Bghbnaíûks vbsuabs hl kqubpadkgtl? kqubpadkgtl? ^g ^libnbtaghl skgfa `Bghbna narma ha `atkrba `abxa Kr.1 Caifa gl nbrnubt nbrnubtll hl iaskr 33:gd. Gîl utbibzar l kqubpadkgtl k kgtrar kd nlgtatl nld a assbstïgnba tângbna autlrbzaha. Kr.0 Caifa gl nbrnubt nbrnubtll hl iaskr 6:6gd. Gîl utbibzar l kqubpadkgtl k kgtrar kd nlgtatl nld a assbstïgnba tângbna autlrbzaha. Kr.; ^kgfa bgnlrrkta rh IA^KP hbsplgävki

0.2 - Náinuil ha hlsamkd? A ugbhahk hk hlsamkd â O/nd0 â nainuiaha utbibzaghl a kxprkssîl?  H

4

 

Z Ý t   A

 

Lghk? H ? Hkgsbhahk hk kgkrmba (lu hlsamkd) haha hah a kd ugbhahks hk O/nd0  (Oluiks plr nkgtädktrl qua quahrahl)5 hrahl)5 Z ? Zltïgnba hl IA^KP â haha kd ugbhahks hk ] (watts)5 A ? Árka hl ’splt— hl ckbxk IA^KP kd nd0 (nkgtädktrl quahrahl)5 Gl nasl hl IA^KP H[L utbibzaghl l `bnl ha nagkta IA^KP kd nlgtatl hbrktl, a árka hl ’splt— â >dd0  lu tragsclrdaghl tragsc lrdaghl a ugbhahk, :,:>nd0 5 t? tkdpl kd s (skmughls).

0.1: „ @blnldpa @blnldpatb`bibhahk? tb`bibhahk? A DD Lptbns hkniara quk l datkrbai utbibzahl para nlgckníîl hl @bnl ha Nagkta (partk apibnaha) â tbtàgbl, quk â `blnldpatävki. (>:.:>3>:) Pkv 1 „ aml/13 BG^XP[ÍÛK^ HK [^L „ IA^KP H[L

Zámbga?

1:/1; 

 

 

0.11 „ Nldpatb`bibhahk kiktrldamgâtbna „ Avbsl? LPBK LP BKGX GXA AÍ L K HK HKNI NIA APA PAÍ Í LH HL L CA CA@P @PBN BNA AGX GXK K „ KD KDB^ B^^ ^ K^ KI KIKX KXPL PLDA DAMG MG XB XBNA NA^ ^ L hbsplsbtbvl para saÿhk IA^KP H[L clb prloktahl para skr lpkrahl sldkgtk nld ankssþrbls lrbmbgabs k gas nlghbíûks ad`bkgtabs bghbnahas a`abxl. Nibkgtks k usuárbls hkvkd asskmurar quk l hbsplsbtbvl skrá utbibzahl kd nlghbíûks ad`bkgtabs skdkifagtks. BDZLPXAGXK? L hbsplsbtbvl para saÿhk sa ÿhk IA^KP H[L gîl â hks hkstbgahl tbgahl a cugíîl hk suplrtk k dagutkgíîl hk vbha fudaga. Xkstk hk kdbssîl Nlgclrdbhahk Ad`bkgtk kiktrldamgâtbnl - Lrbkgtaíûks Kdbssûks PC Mrupl 1 L IA^KP H[L utbibza kgkrmba PC sldkgtk para l sku NB^ZP 11 cugnblgadkgtl bgtkrgl, plrtagtl, suas kdbssûks hk PC sîl dubtl `abxas k prlvavkidkgtk gîl nausad quaiqukr bgtkrckrïgnba kd kqubpadkgtls kiktrøgbnls prþxbdls. Niassk A L IA^KP H[L â ahkquahl para utbibzaíîl kd tlhls ls Kdbssûks PC NB^ZP 11 ksta`kiknbdkgtls kxnktl ls ksta`kiknbdkgtls rksbhkgnbabs k quk gîl kstkoad hbrktadkgtk nlgkntahls ê rkhk pÿ`ibna hk hbstrb`ubíîl Kdbssûks fardlgbnas Niassk A hk kgkrmba kiâtrbna hk `abxa tkgsîl quk aibdkgta khbcbnaíûks para BKN 31:::->-0 utbibzaíîl hldâstbna. Nlgclrdk Ciutuaíûks hk vlitamkd/kdbssûks cibnekr BKN 31:::->->

LPBK LP BKGXA GXAÍ Í L K HK HKNIA NIAPA PAÍ Í L HL CA CA@P @PBNA BNAGXK GXK „ BD BD[G [GBH BHAH AHK KK KIKX IKXPL PLDA DAMG MG XBN XBNA A L IA^KP H[L tkd nldl cbgaibhahk skr utbibzahl gl ad`bkgtk kiktrldamgâtbnl kspknbcbnahl a`abxl. L nibkgtk lu l usuárbl hl IA^KP H[L hkvk maragtbr quk kstk skoa utbibzahl kd tai ad`bkgtk. Xkstk hk Gävki hk tkstk Gävki hk nlgclrdbhahk Ad`bkgtk kiktrldamgâtbnl - lrbkgtaíîl bdugbhahk BKN 3:3:1-1-0 Hksnarma Zbsls hkvkd skr hk dahkbra, nlgnrktl lu kiktrlstátbna (K^H) ± 3 eS nlgtatl Nlgclrdk pbsl nkràdbnl. ^k ls pbsls clrkd nl`krtls BKN 31:::-8-0 ± 6 eS ar nld ud datkrbai sbgtâtbnl, a udbhahk rkiatbva hkvk skr hk pkil dkgls >:%. Nasl clr l`skrvahl cugnblgadkgtl aglrdai huragtk a utbibzaíîl hl IA^KP H[L, prlnkhkr nlgclrdk btkd 0.6 „ Bgstruíûks hk lpkraíîl k rkaibzar l prlnkhbdkgtl hk cbgaibzaíîl k kd skmubha rkbgbnbar a lpkraíîl glvadkgtk. Nlgclrdk A quaibhahk ha kgkrmba hk aibdkgtaíîl Pldpbdkgtl/ ± 0 eS Gas ibgfas hk hk hkvk skr a hk ud ad`bkgtk täpbnl flspbtaiar fl spbtaiar tragsbkgtk kiâtrbnl aibdkgtaíîl lu nldkrnbai. ± 1eS Gas ibgfas hk rápbhl kgtraha k saäha Nasl clr l`skrvahl cugnblgadkgtl aglrdai BKN 31:::-8-8 huragtk a utbibzaíîl hl IA^KP H[L, prlnkhkr nlgclrdk btkd 0.6 „ Bgstruíûks hk lpkraíîl k rkaibzar l prlnkhbdkgtl hk cbgaibzaíîl k kd skmubha rkbgbnbar a lpkraíîl glvadkgtk. ^k a lnlrrïgnba hk bgtkrckrïgnba pkrsbstbr, aitkrar l ilnai hk bgstaiaíîl hl kqubpadkgtl lu bgstaiar ud cbitrl hk ibgfa. ^urtl ± 1 eS kgtrk Ibgfa 1 k Nlgclrdk A quaibhahk ha kgkrmba hk aibdkgtaíîl BKN 31:::-8-; Ibgfa 0 hkvk skr a hk ud ad`bkgtk täpbnl flspbtaiar fl spbtaiar ± 0 eS kgtrk Ibgfa k lu nldkrnbai. Xkrra 9;% [X (72;% hbp bg [X) Nlgclrdk A quaibhahk ha kgkrmba hk aibdkgtaíîl Qukhas hk clr :,; nynik hkvk skr a hk ud ad`bkgtk täpbnl flspbtaiar fl spbtaiar vlitamkd, lu nldkrnbai. ^k l usuárbl hl IA^KP H[L bgtkrrupíûks nurtas 8:% [X (3:% hbp bg [ X) clr ; nyniks gknkssbtar hk lpkraíîl nlgtägua, k varbaíûks hk rknldkgha-sk quk l IA^KP H[L skoa vlitamkd gas ibgfas =:% [X (>:% hbp bg [ X) clr 0; nyniks aibdkgtahl plr uda clgtk hk aibdkgtaíîl hk kgtraha hk 9;% [  (72;% hbp bg [ ) gîl bgtkrruptävki lu uda `atkrba (plr aibdkgtaíîl hk X X clr ; s kxkdpil ud GL @PKAE), huragtk as kgkrmba bgtkrrupíûks ha rkhk hk kgkrmba. BKN 31:::-8-11 Ls nadpls damgâtbnls ha crkqùïgnba hk Nadpl damgâtbnl ha crkqùïgnba hk kgkrmba hkvkd cbnar kd gävkbs kgkrmba (;:/3:Fz) > A/d Nlgclrdk narantkrästbnls hk uda ilnaibzaíîl täpbna kd BKN 31:::-8-6 täpbnl nldkrnbai k hk flspbtai. GLXA? [X â a tkgsîl hk nlrrkgtk aitkrgaha ha rkhk agtks ha apibnaíîl hl gävkiud hk ad`bkgtk tkstk. (>:.:>3>:) Pkv 1 „ aml/13 BG^XP[ÍÛK^ HK [^L „ IA^KP H[L

Zámbga?

11/1; 

 

 

LPBKGXAÍÎL K HKNIAPAÍÎL HL CA@PBNAGXK C A@PBNAGXK „ BD[GBHAHK KIKXPLDAMGÂXBNA HB^ZL^BXBSL^ Q[K GÎL ZL^^[AD A C[GÍÎL HK ^[ZLPXK A SBHA L IA^KP H[L tkd nldl cbgaibhahk skr utbibzahl gl ad`bkgtk kiktrldamgâtbnl kspknbcbnahl a`abxl. L nibkgtk lu l usuárbl hl IA^KP H[L hkvk maragtbr quk kstk skoa utbibzahl kd tai ad`bkgtk. BDZLPXAGXK? L hbsplsbtbvl para saÿhk IA^KP H[L, gîl â hkstbgahl a cugíîl hk suplrtk k dagutkgíîl hk vbha fudaga. Xkstk hk Gävki hk Xkstk Gävki hk Ad`bkgtk Kiktrldamgâtbnl - Lrbkgtaíûks Bdugbhahk BKN 3:3:1-1-0 nlgclrdbhahk Ls kqubpadkgtls hk nldugbnaíûks hk PC plrtátkbs k dþvkbs hkvkd skr utbibzahls ilgmk hk quaiqukr partk hl IA^KP H[L, bgniusbvk na`ls, skmubghl a hbstàgnba hk skparaíîl rknldkghaha nainuiaha pkia kquaíîl apibnávki ê crkqùïgnba hl tragsdbsslr. Hbstàgnba hk skparaíîl rknldkghaha PC nlghuzbhl > Srds Nlgclrdk BKN 31:::-8-3 1;:eFz a 6:DFz h  4 1,0 Z   PC brrahbahl BKN 31:::-8->

>S/d 6:DFz a 0,;MFz

Nlgclrdk

h  4 1,0 Z  

6:DFz a 6::DFz

h  4 0,> Z  

6::DFz a 0,;MFz

Lghk Z   â a pltïgnba dáxbda hk saäha hl tragsdbsslr kd ]atts (]), hk anlrhl nld l ca`rbnagtk hl tragsdbsslr k h   â a hbstàgnba hk skparaíîl rknldkghaha kd dktrls (d).`  As bgtkgsbhahks hk nadpl prlvkgbkgtks hls tragsdbsslrks hk PC cbxls, nlgclrdk hktkrdbgahl plr ud kstuhl hl ilnai kiktrldamgâtbnla, hkvk skr dkglr hl quk l gävki hk nlgclrdbhahk kd naha cabxa hk crkqùïgnbas`. A bgtkrckrïgnba plhk lnlrrkr gas vbzbgfagías hl kqubpadkgtl darnahl nld l skmubgtk säd`lil?

GLXA 1? A 6:DFz k 6::DFz, sk apibna a cabxa hk crkqùïgnba dabs aita. GLXA 0? Kssas hbrktrbzks plhkd gîl skr apibnahas kd tlhas as sbtuaíûks. A prlpamaíîl kiktrldamgâtbna â acktaha pkia a`slríîl k rkcikxîl has kstruturas, l`oktls k pksslas. a  As bgtkgsbhahks hk nadpl prlvkgbkgtks hk hk tragsdbsslrks cbxls, nldl plr kxkdpil, kstaíûks `ask para tkikclgks vba ráhbl (nkiuiarks/skd cbl) k ráhbls dþvkbs, cbxls, ráhbl adahlr, tragsdbssîl hk ráhbl kd AD k CD k tragsdbssûks hk XS gîl plhkd prkvbstls tklrbnadkgtkhl nld prknbsîl. Zara avaibar ad`bkgtk kiktrldamgâtbnl hkvbhl tragsdbsslrks hk PC cbxls, udskr kstuhl kiktrldamgâtbnl ilnai hkvk skr ikvahl kdlnlgsbhkraíîl. ^k a bgtkgsbhahk hkanadpl dkhbhl gl ilnai lghk l IA^KP H[L â utbibzahl kxnkhkr l gävki hk nlgclrdbhahk hk PC apibnávki anbda, l IA^KP H[L hkvk skr l`skrvahl para vkrbcbnar a lpkraíîl glrdai. ^k clr l`skrvahl hkskdpkgfl aglrdai, dkhbhas ahbnblgabs plhkd skr gknkssárbas, nldl plr kxkdpil, rklrbkgtaíîl lu rkailnaíîl hl IA^KP H[L. `  Anbda ha cabxa hk crkqùïgnbas hk 1;:EFz a 6: DFz, as bgtkgsbhahks hk nadpl hkvkd skr dkglrks hl quk >S/d.

HB^X HB^ X GNBA GNBA^ ^H HK K^ ^KZA KZAPAÍ PAÍ L P PKN KNLDKG LDKGHAHA HAHA^ ^K KGXP GXPK K KQ[ KQ[BZA BZADKGXL DKGXL^ ^ HK NLD[ NLD[GBN GBNAÍ AÍ L P PC C DÞSKB^ K ZLPXÁXKB^ K L IA^KP H[L L IA^KP H[L tkd nldl cbgaibhahk skr utbibzahl kd ud ad`bkgtk kiktrldamgâtbnl gl quai hbstÿr`bls hk PC brrahbahls skoad nlgtrliahls. L nibkgtk lu usuárbl hl IA^KP H[L plhk aouhar a prkvkgbr a bgtkrckrïgnba kiktrldamgâtbna dagtkghl uda hbstàgnba dägbda kgtrk kqubpadkgtls hk nldugbnaíîl nld PC dþvkbs k plrtátkbs (tragsdbsslrks) k l IA^KP H[L, nlgclrdk rknldkghahl a`abxl, hk anlrhl nld a pltïgnba hk saäha dáxbda hl kqubpadkgtl hk nldugbnaíîl. BDZLPXAGXK? L hbsplsbtbvl para saÿhk sa ÿhk IA^KP H[L gîl â hks hkstbgahl tbgahl a cugíîl hk suplrtk k dagutkgíîl hk vbha fudaga. Zltïgnba hk saäha Dáxbda Hbstàgnba hk skparaíîl hk anlrhl nld a crkqùïgnba hl tragsdbsslr hl Xragsdbsslr d ] 1;:eFz a 6:DFz 6:DFz a 6::DFz 6::DFz a 0,;MFz h  4 1,0 Z  

:,:1

:,10

h  4 1,0 Z  

:,10

h  4 0,> Z  

:,0>

(>:.:>3>:) Pkv 1 „ aml/13 BG^XP[ÍÛK^ HK [^L „ IA^KP H[L

Zámbga?

10/1; 

 

 

:,1 :,>6 :,>6 :,=> 1 1,0 1,0 0,> 1: >,6 >,6 =,> 1:: 10 10 0> Zara tragsdbsslrks nld uda pltïgnba hk saäha dáxbda bghbnaha gîl ibstaha anbda, a hbstàgnba hk skparaíîl h kd dktrls (d) plhk skr kstbdaha utbibzaghl uda kquaíîl k quaíîl apibnávki ê crkqùïgnba hl tragsdbsslr, lghk Z â a pltïgnba hk saäha dáxbda hl tragsdbsslr kd (]), hk anlrhl nld l ca`rbnagtk hl tragsdbsslr. GLXA 1? A 6:DFz k 6::DFz, a hbstàgnba hk skparaíîl para a cabxa hk crkqùïgnba dabs aita sk apibna. 0? Kstas lrbkgtaíûks gîl sk apibnad a tlhas as sbtuaíûks. A prlpamaíîl kiktrldamgâtbna â acktaha pkia a`slríîl kGLXA rkcikxîl a partbr hk supkrcänbks, l`oktls k pksslas.

> „ Dagutkgíîl >.1 „ bgclrdaíûks mkrabs? •  Â prlb`bha a a`krtura hk quaiqukr partk hl kqubpadkgtl, quk gîl skoa a assbstïgnba tângbna autlrbzaha, anarrktaghl a pkrha hk maragtba. Nasl gknkssárba a dagutkgíîl, kgtrar kd nlgtatl nld a assbstïgnba tângbna autlrbzaha dabs prþxbda (vkoa ls kghkrkíls gl sbtk www.ddl.nld.`r)5 •  A dagutkgíîl prkvkg prkvkgtbva tbva hkvkrá skr rkaibz rkaibzaha aha sldkgtk ga cá`rbna lu assb assbstïgnba stïgnba tângbna autlrbzaha5 nbrnubtls, tls, ibsta hk pkías k nldplgkg nldplgkgtks tks sîl clrgknbhls sldkgtk sldkgtk para •  Ls ksqukdas hls nbrnub assbstïgnba tângbna autlrbzaha. autlrbzaha. >.0 „ Dagutkgíîl prkvkgtbva? A DD Lptbns rknldkgha uda naib`raíîl ga cá`rbna lu assbstïgnba autlrbzaha hls IA^KPs hk dlhl a maragtbr l nlrrktl cugnblgadkgtls has nagktas IA^KPs kd bgtkrvails hk 0 agls. >.> „ Dagutkgíîl nlrrktbva? HKXKNÍÎL K NLPPKÍÎL HK CAIFA^ Agtks hk nfadar a assbstïgnba tângbna autlrbzaha, vkrbcbquk sk l prl`ikda aprkskgtahl gîl sk kgquahra kd ud hls btkgs assbgaiahls a`abxl? Hkckbtl? Nlrrkíûks? L hbspiay dlstra a bghbnaíîl vbsuai? •  Caifa gl nbrnubtl hl I1. Gîl utbibzar l kqubpadkgtl k kkgtrar gtrar kd ’Kr.1—   ’Kr.1— nlgtatl nld a assbstïgnba tângbna autlrbzaha. L hbspiay dlstra a bghbnaíîl vbsuai? •  Caifa gl nbrnubtl hl I0. Gîl utbibzar l kqubpadkgtl k kkgtrar gtrar kd ’Kr.0—   ’Kr.0— nlgtatl nld a assbstïgnba tângbna autlrbzaha. L hbspiay dlstra a bghbnaíîl vbsuai? •  ^kgfa bgnlrrkta. Hbmbtk a skgfa nlrrktadkgtk, skmubghl as ’Kr.;—   ’Kr.;— bgstruíûks hl btkd 0.6. L IA^KP uda iuz dubtl ’crana—. •  L IA^KP bgcravkrdkifl (6:6gd) kstá guda cabxa kspkntrai quk l lifl fudagl tkd hbcbnuihahk hk l`skrvaíîl, plrtagtl,  ougtadkgtk nld a kdbssîl bgcravkrdkifl kxbstk ud IA^KP muba vkrdkifl nld pltïgnba dubtl bgckrblr al IA^KP hk tra`aifl vbsävki para auxbibar a apibnaíîl5 •  A iuz hl IA^KP muba plhk kstar skghl atkguaha pkia utbibzaíîl hl þnuils hk prltkíîl. L pabgki hk nlgtrlik gîl rksplghk •  Skrbcbquk sk as tknias hk skikíîl lu ibma/hksibma kstîl travahas als nldaghls. pkia utbibzaíîl hl cbidk piástbnl ZSN (—dambpane—). •  Pktbrk l piástbnl k ib`krk as tknias.

KGSBL HL KQ[BZADKGXL ZAPA A A^^B^XÏGNBA XÂNGBNA Nasl sku kqubpadkgtl gîl kstkoa cugnblgaghl nlgclrdk as narantkrästbnas hkstk daguai k vlnï oá vkrbcbnlu l btkd HKXKNÍÎL K NLPPKÍÎL HKautlrbzaha CAIFA^ kpara gîl kgvbl l`tkvkhlïxbtl, kgtrk kd nlgtatl nld a assbstïgnba tângbna DD LZXBN^ lu assbstïgnba kqubpadkgtl. (>:.:>3>:) Pkv 1 „ aml/13 BG^XP[ÍÛK^ HK [^L „ IA^KP H[L

Zámbga?

1>/1; 

 

 

Ougtl nld l kqubpadkgtl, hkvk skr kgvbaha uda narta rkiataghl ls prl`ikdas aprkskgtahls pkil dksdl, ls hahls para nlgtatl k kghkrkíl para rktlrgl hl kqubpadkgtl. Al kgtrar kd nlgtatl nld a assbstïgnba tângbna plr tkikclgk â bdplrtagtk tkr kd dîls ls skmubgtks hahls? a) Dlhkil hl kqubpadkgtl5 `) Gÿdkrl hk sârbk hl kqubpadkgtl5 n) Hksnrbíîl hl prl`ikda quk l kqubpadkgtl aprkskgta. AXKGÍÎL? 1. A trlna hk nldplgkgtks, pkías lu dagutkgí dagutkgíîl îl hl kqubpadkgtl plr tângbnl gîl autlrbzahl pkia DD LZXBN^ bdpibna ga pkrha ha maragtba. 0. Kgvbar para dagutkgíîl sldkgtk? Ma`bgktk (nagkta IA^KP), clgtk k narrkmahlr. •  Pkiatþrbl Pkiatþr bl hl prl`ikda nld a skgfa. •  Nþpba ha Glta Cbsnai, para ls nasls hk kqubpadkgtl kd maragtba. •  •  Daguai hl usuárbl para prkkgnfbdk prkkgnfbdkgtl gtl ha hata hk naib`raíîl naib`raíîl..

>.8 - Zrknauíûks kd nasl hk aitkraíîl hl cugnblgadkgtl hl prlhutl Nasl l kqubpadkgtl aprkskgtk cugnblgadkgtl aglrdai, vkrbcbquk sk l prl`ikda kstá rkianblgahl nld aimud hls btkgs ibstahls gl btkd >.>. ^k gîl clr plssävki sliunblgar l prl`ikda, slibnbtk a assbstïgnba tângbna autlrbzaha. Gkstk nasl, hksibmuk l kqubpadkgtl, rktbrk l na`l hk aibdkgtaíîl hk kgkrmba ha tldaha k slibnbtk ls skrvbíls ha assbstïgnba tângbna autlrbzaha. Nlgsuitk a assbstïgnba autlrbzaha dabs prþxbda hl sbtk fttp?//www.ddl.nld.`r fttp?//www.ddl.nld.`r lu atravâs hl atkghbdkg atkghbdkgtl tl al nibkgtk ga cá`rbna pkil tkikclgk? atravâs (13) >811-;:3:.

(>:.:>3>:) Pkv 1 „ aml/13 BG^XP[ÍÛK^ HK [^L „ IA^KP H[L

Zámbga?

18/1; 

 

 

8 „ Xkrdl hk Maragtba A maragtba nl`rk hkckbtls hk ca`rbnaíîl lu hk datkrbabs, rkspkbtaghl-sk as nlgsbhkraíûks ksta`kiknbhas gkstk daguai pkil prazl hk 10 dksks hknlrrbhls, hkshk a hata ha nldpra nldprlvaha pkia Glta Cbsnai (hk nldpra) hl kqubpadkgtl. Kstk skrvbíl hk maragtba skrá prkstahl sldkgtk pkia DD LZXBN^, lu plr kdprksas plr kia nrkhkgnbahas. Huragtk l pkrälhl hk maragtba, a DD LZXBN^ tlrga-sk rksplgsávki pkil nustl hl tragsplrtk, plr kia hkcbgbha, hl kqubpadkgtl gknkssbtar hk dagutkgíûks hk ca`rbnaíîl. Zlrâd nasl cbquk nldprlvahl ga avaibaíîlquk ha Assbstïgnba Xângbna DD LZXBN^ LZXBplr N^hkckbtls quk l kqubpadkgtl gîl kstá hagbcbnahl lu quk l hagl gîl â hkckbtl hk ca`rbnaíîl, a dagutkgíîl skrá nl`raha k skrá anrksnbhl l vailr hl tragsplrtk hk rknk`bdkgtl k hk kgvbl hl kqubpadkgtl. A MAPAGXBA CBNA A[XLDAXBNADKGXK BGSÁIBHA ^K? 1. L kqubpadkgtl clr utbibzahl clra has kspknbcbnaíûks tângbnas nbtahas gkstk daguai5 0. L prlhutl slcrkr dlhbcbnaíîl lu nlgvkrsîl kiâtrbna, dknàgbna, kstâtbna, quk duhkd suas narantkrästbnas lrbmbgabs5 >. L aparkifl aprkskgtar aprkskgtar sbgabs bgtkrgls lu kxtkrgls hk `atbhas lu daus tratls5 8. L aparkifl slcrkr hagls nausahls plr anbhkgtk, usl bghkvbhl, cugnblgadkgtl kd ad`bkgtks lu nlghbíûks clra hk suas kspknbcbnaíûks k rknldkghaíûks bghbnahas gl daguai, utbibzaíîl hk clgtk hk aibdkgtaíîl bdprþprba, tragsplrtk lu quaiqukr lutrl amkgtk ha gaturkza (hksnarma atdlscârbna, nfuva, ktn.)5 ;. L aparkifl cclr lr ibmahl kd rkhk kiâtrbna clra hls pahrûks kspknbcbnahls lu suokbtl ê cciutuaíîl iutuaíîl kxnkssbva hk tkgsîl5 3. L aparkifl clr a`krtl para nlgskrtl, daguskahl lu tbvkr l nbrnubtl lrbmbgai aitkrahl plr tângbnl gîl autlrbzahl5 =. Hagls prlvkgbkgtks hk ardazkgadkgtl bgahkquahl lu sbgabs hk vbliaíîl5 6. L gÿdkrl hk sârbk hl aparkifl clr rkdlvbhl lu aitkrahl. KVKDZIL^ HK HAGL^ GÎL NL@KPXL^ ZKIA MAPAGXBA? 1. Hagls gl kqubpadkgtl hkvbhl a anbhkgtks hk tragsplrtk k daguskbl. Kxkdpil? rbsnls, adassahls, pianas hk nbrnubtl bdprkssl quk`rahas, ma`bgktk trbgnahl, ktn5 0. Hagls nausahls plr natástrlcks ha gaturkza. Kxkdpils? hksnarmas atdlscârbnas5 >. Hksilnadkgtl hk ud tângbnl ha DD LZXBN^ para lutrls dugbnäpbls ga bgtkgíîl hk rkaibzar a dagutkgíîl hl kqubpadk kqubpadkgtl5 gtl5 8. Na`ls lu quaiqukr lutrl ankssþrbl suokbtls a hksmastks gaturabs huragtk l usl lu daguskbl5 ;. Caifas gl cugnblgadkgtl hl kqubpadkgtl hkvbhl ê prl`ikdas gl a`astknbdkgtl hk kgkrmba kiâtrbna, gl nasl hk kqubpadkgtls aibdkgtahls kiktrbnadkgtk. MAPAGXBA A DD LZXBN^ maragtk al usuárbl hl kqubpadkgtl IA^KPXKPAZBA ZLPXÁXBI IA^KP H[L aqub kspknbcbnahl, ls skrvbíls hk assbstïgnba tângbna, trlna hk nldplgkgtks lu partks, `kd nldl dîl-hkl`ra gknkssárba para rkparls hk kvkgtuabs hkckbtls, nldprlvahadkgtk lrbmbgárbls hk cá`rbna, huragtk l prazl hk 10 DK^K^, a nlgtar ha hata hk aqubsbíîl pkil prbdkbrl nldprahlr k hkgtrl hls tkrdls rkianblgahlss gkstk daguai. rkianblgahl

(>:.:>3>:) Pkv 1 „ aml/13 BG^XP[ÍÛK^ HK [^L „ IA^KP H[L

Zámbga?

1;/1; 

 

DD Lptbns Itha. Pua Mkdbgbagl Mkdbgbagl Nlsta, 18> - Nkgtrl NKZ 1>;3:-381 - ^îl Narils ^Z @rasbi Clgk? +;; 13 >811-;:3: NGZO? :0.833.010/:::1-28 Bgsnrbíîl Kstahuai? 3>=.1>6.0;1.11 3>=.1>6.0;1.112 2 www.ddl.nld.`r