Manual IPERC 1607998072
August 21, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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FBK^BH SBQB HBMN LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK SNHL@QOZ, NTBH NT BH^BJLÚ ^BJLÚK K MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
LKMLJN Sâ`.
2. 1. :. =. >.
OAEN]LTO OAEN]LTO @NKNQBH NZSNJÆDLJO ABZN HN@BH BHJBKJN MNDLKLJLOKNZ >.2. Bjtlvlmbm >.1. Bjtlvlmbmns, Srojnsos, Opnrbjlokns o Hbaorns mn Bhto Qlns`o >.:. Jbpbjltbjlúk
30 30 37 37 37 37 37
>.=. >.>. >.4. >.0. >.7. >..23. >.22. >.21.
Jofltì mn Zn`urlmbm y Zbhum nk nh ]rbabeo Joktroh mn rlns`os Nfnr`nkjlb Nqulpos mn protnj protnjjlúk jlúk pnrsokbh Nr`okofæb Nstâkmbrns Nstâkmbr ns mn trbabeo Nvbhubjlúk mn rlns`os Dbjtorns Dbjtor ns mn Qlns`o @nstlúk mn rlns`os
37 3< 3< 3< 3< 3< 23 23 23
>.2:. >.2=. >.2>. >.24. >.20. >.27. >.2.13. >.12. >.11.
Lmnktldljbjlúk mn pnhl`ros Lmnktldljbjlúk mn dbjtorns dbjtorns mn rlns`os ojupbjlokbhns Hu`br mn trbabeo Fnmlmbs mn prnvnk prnvnkjlúk jlúk Snhl`ro Sunsto mn trbabeo Qlns`o Zbhum Zbhum Ojupbjlokbh Zn`urlmbm
23 23 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 21
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FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
Sâ`.
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
=
4. BAQNTLB]^QBZ 0. JOKZLMNQBJLOKNZ @NKNQBHNZ 7. LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ \ NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ 7.2. Fìtomos 7.2.2. Fìtomos bphljbahns 7.2.2.2. LZO =>332-1327 7.2.2.1. Korfb LZO :23351327 7.2.2.:. Qnsohujlúk Flklstnrlbh K.³ 3>3132:-]Q
21 21 2:
7.1. Mnsbrrohho mn hb Fntomoho`æb sn`õk Q. F. K.³ 3>3-132:-]Q 7.1.2. Lmnktldljbjlúk mn pnhl`ros pnhl`ros 7.1.1. Nvbhubjlúk mn rlns`os y vbhorbjlúk vbhorbjlúk 7.1.1.2. Nvbhubjlúk mn rlns`os 7.1.1.1. Nstbahnjlflnkto mn hbs fnmlmbs mn joktroh 7.1.:. Fneorb Joktlkub (Qlns`o Qnslmubh) Qnslmubh)
:2
-1337-]Q.
Qnsohujlúk > Flklstnrlbh K.³ :0=-1337-]Q.
Bprunab dorfbtos rndnrnkjlbhns qun joktnfphbk hb lkdorfbjlúk fæklfb qun mnank joktnknr hos rn`lstros oahl`btorlos mnh Z@ZZ].
Korfbs mn Nr`okofæb y mn projnmlf projnmlflnkto lnkto mn nvbhubjlúk mn rlns`oAâsljbs mlsnr`okúfljo. mlsnr`okúf ljo. Bprunabk nh hlstbmo mn hos b`nktns dæsljos, quæfljos, alohú`ljos, nr`okúfljos y psljosojlbhns qun `nknrbk rlns`os pbrb hb sbhum mn hb fuenr `nstbktn y/o nh mnsbrrohho korfbh mnh nfarlúk y nh dnto, sus jorrnspokmlnktns lktnkslmbmns, jokjnktrbjlokns o klvnhns mn prnsnkjlb y hos pnræomos nk hos qun bdnjtb nh nfabrbzo9 nfabrbzo 9 nh hlstbmo mn bjtlvlmbmns, projnsos, opnrbjlokns o hbaorns, nqulpos o promujtos mn bhto rlns`o9 y, hos hlknbflnktos pbrb qun hbs nfprnsbs punmbk rnbhlzbr hb nvbhubjlúk mn sus rlns`os.
4
LZO =>33251327
LZO =>3325 1327 Zlstnfbs mn `nstlúk mn hb sn`urlmbm y sbhum nk nh trbabeo.
0
LZO :233351327
LZO :233351327 @nstlúk mnh Qlns`o.
Dunktn5 Nhbaorbjlúk Sroplb
FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
:. ABZN HN@BH =. BHJBKJN H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
7
Nh prnsnktn fbkubh ns mn bhjbkjn rndnrnkjlbh y punmn snr usbmo por tomos hos nfphnbmorns mnh rì`lfnk hbaorbh mn hb bjtlvlmbm prlvbmb mn hos mldnrnktns snjtorns njokúfljos y mn snrvljlos, bsæ jofo, nktlmbmns põahljbs, trbabebmor trbabebmorns, ns, or`bklzbjlokns slkmljbhns u otros usubrlos, pbrb hb @nstlúk mn Qlns`os Hbaorbhns. >. MNDLKLJLOKNZ
>.2. Bjtlvlmbm5
Nenrjljlo u opnrbjlokns lkmustrlbhns o mn snrvljlos mnsnfpnòbmbs por nh nfphnbmor, nk jokjormbkjlb jok hb korfbtlvlmbm vl`nktn. >.1. Bjtlvlmbmns, Srojnsos, Srojnsos, Opnrbjlokns o Hbaorns mn Bhto Qlns`o5
Bqunhhbs qun lfphlqunk ukb proabalhlmbm nhnvbmb mn snr hb jbusb mlrnjtb mn uk mbòo b hb sbhum mnh trbabebmor jok ojbslúk o jofo joksnjunkjlb mnh trbabeo qun rnbhlzb. Hb rnhbjlúk mn bjtlvlmbmns jbhldljbmbs jofo mn bhto rlns`o snrâ nstbahnjlmb por hb butorlmbm jofpntnktn. >.:. Jbpbjltbjlúk5
Bjtlvlmbm qun jokslstn nk trbsfltlr jokojlflnktos tnúrljos y prâjtljos pbrb nh mnsbrrohho mn jofpntnkjlbs, jbpbjlmbmns y mnstrnzbs bjnrjb mnh projnso mn trbabeo, hb prnvnkjlúk mn hos rlns`os, hb sn`urlmbm y hb sbhum. >.=. Jofltì mn Zn`urlmbm y Zbhum nk nh ]rbabeo5
Ns uk úr`bko alpbrtlto y pbrltbrlo jokstltulmo por rnprnsnktbktns rnprnsnktbktns mnh nfphnbmor y mn hos trbabebmor trbabebmorns, ns, jok hbs dbjuhtbmns y oahl`bjlokns prnvlstbs por hb hn`lshbjlúk y hb prâjtljb kbjlokbh, mnstlkbmo b hb joksuhtb rn`uhbr y pnrlúmljb mn hbs bjtubjlokns mnh nfphnbmor nk fbtnrlb mn prnvnkjlúk mn rlns`os.
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
>.>. Joktroh mn rlns`os5
Ns nh projnso mn tofb mn mnjlslokns absbmbs nk hb lkdorfbjlúk oatnklmb nk hb nvbhubjlúk mn rlns`os. Zn orlnktb b rnmujlr hos rlns`os b trbvìs mn hb propunst propunstbb mn fnmlmbs jorrnjt jorrnjtlvbs, lvbs, hb nxl`nkjlb mn su jufphlflnkto y hb nvbhubjlúk pnrlúmljb mn su ndljbjlb. >.4. Nfnr`nkjlb5
Nvnkto o sujnso `rbvn qun sur`n mnalmo b dbjtorns kbturbhns o jofo joksnjunkjlb mn rlns`os y projnsos pnhl`rosos nk nh trbabeo qun ko dunrok jokslmnrbmos nk hb `nstlúk mn hb sn`urlmbm y sbhum nk nh trbabeo. >.0. Nqulpos mn protnjjlúk pnrsokbh5
Zok mlsposltlvos, fbtnrlbhns n lkmufnktbrlb pnrsokbh mnstlkbmos b jbmb trbabebmor pbrb protn`nrho protn`nrho mn uko o vbrlos rlns`os prnsnktns nk nh trbabeo y qun punmbk bfnkbzbr su sn`urlmbm y sbhum. Hos NSS sok ukb bhtnrkbtlvb tnfporbh y jofphnfnktbrlb jofphnfnktbrlb b hbs fnmlmbs prnvnktlvbs prnvnk tlvbs mn jbrâjtnr johnjtlvo. >.7. Nr`okofæb5
Hhbfbmb tbfalìk lk`nklnræb gufbkb. Ns hb jlnkjlb qun ausjb optlflzbr hb lktnrbjjlúk nktrn nh trbabebmor, fâqulkb y bfalnktn mn trbabeo jok nh dlk mn bmnjubr hos punstos, bfalnktns y hb or`bklzbjlúk mnh trbabeo b hbs jbpbjlmbmns y jbrbjtnræstljbs mn hos trbabebmorns b dlk mn flklflzbr ndnjtos kn`btlvos y fneorbr nh rnkmlflnkto y hb sn`urlmbm mnh trbabebmor. >..23. Nvbhubjlúk mn rlns`os5
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Ns nh projnso postnrlor b hb lmnktldljbjlúk mn hos pnhl`ros, qun pnrfltn vbhorbr nh klvnh, `rbmo y `rbvnmbm mn hos flsfos proporjlokbkmo hb lkdorfbjlúk knjnsbrlb pbrb qun nh nfphnbmor sn nkjunktrn nk jokmljlokns mn tofbr ukb mnjlslúk bproplbmb soarn hb oportuklmbm, prlorlmbm y tlpo mn bjjlokns prnvnktlvbs qun mnan bmoptbr. >.22. Dbjtorns mn Qlns`o5
Zok nh jokeukto mn proplnmbmns qun jbrbjtnrlzbk hb sltubjlúk mn trbabeo, y punmnk bdnjtbr hb sbhum mnh trbabebmor. ]bfalìk, sn nktlnkmn abeo nstb mnkoflkbjlúk hb nxlstnkjlb mn nhnfnktos, dnkúfnkos, bfalnktn y bjjlokns gufbkbs qun nkjlnrrbk ukb jbpbjlmbm potnkjlbh mn promujlr hnslokns o mbòos fbtnrlbhns, y juyb proabalhlmbm mn ojurrnkjlb mnpnkmn mn hb nhlflkbjlúk y/o joktroh mnh nhnfnkto b`rnslvo. Jofõkfnktn sok hhbfbmos pnhl`ros. >.21. @nstlúk mn rlns`os5
Ns nh projnmlflnkto qun pnrfltn, ukb vnz jbrbjtnrlzbmo nh rlns`o, hb bphljbjlúk mn hbs fnmlmbs fâs bmnjubmbs pbrb rnmujlr bh fæklfo hos rlns`os mntnrflkbmos y fltl`br sus ndnjtos, bh tlnfpo qun sn oatlnknk hos rnsuhtbmos nspnrbmos. >.2:. Lmnktldljbjlúk mn pnhl`ros5
Srojnso fnmlbktn nh jubh sn hojbhlzb y rnjokojn qun nxlstn uk pnhl`ro y sn mndlknk sus jbrbjtnræstljbs. >.2=. Lmnktldljbjlúk mn dbjtor dbjtorns ns mn rlns`os ojupbjlokbhns5
Ns hb bjjlúk mn oasnrvbr oasnrvb r, lmnktldljbr lmnktldl jbr,, bkbhlzbr hos pnhl`ros pnh l`ros o dbjtorns mn rlns`os rnhbjlokbmos jok hos bspnjtos mnh trbabeo, bfalnktn mn trbabeo, nstrujturb n lkstbhbjlokns, nqulpos mn trbabeo jofo hb fbqulkbrlb y gnrrbflnktbs, bsæ jofo hos b`nktns quæfljos, dæsljos y/o alohú`ljos y mn hb or`bklzbjlúk mnh trbabeo rnspnjtlvbfnktn. Nenfpho5 fotor slk `ubrmb, rulmo nhnvbmo, klvnh mn lhuflkbkjlb fuy abeo, jokmljlokns lksn`urbs dbhtb ormnk y hlfplnzb, ntj.
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
>.2>. Hu`br mn trbabeo5
Ns tomo sltlo o ârnb mokmn hos trbabebmorns pnrfbknjnk y mnsbrrohhbk su trbabeo o bmokmn tlnknk qun bjumlr pbrb mnsbrrohhbrh mnsbrrohhbrho. o. >.24. Fnmlmbs mn prnvnkjlúk5
Hbs bjjlokns qun sn bmoptbk jok nh dlk mn nvltbr o mlsflkulr hos rlns`os mnrlvbmos mnh trbabeo y qun sn nkjunktrbk mlrl`lmbs b protn`nr hb sbhum mn hos trbabebmorns joktrb bqunhhbs jokmljlokns mn trbabeo qun `nknrbk mbòos qun snbk joksnjunkjlb, `ubrmnk rnhbjlúk o soarnvnk`bk murbktn nh jufphlflnkto mn sus hbaorns. Bmnfâs, sok fnmlmbs juyb lfphnfnktbjlúk jokstltuyn ukb oahl`bjlúk y mnanr mn hos nfphnbmorns. >.20. Snhl`ro5
Zltubjlúk jbrbjtnræstljb lktræksnjb mn ybh`o jbpbz mn ojbslokbr mbòos b hbso pnrsokbs, nqulpos, projnsos bfalnktn. >.27. Sunsto mn trbabeo5
B`rupb b bqunhhos trbabebmorns qun rnbhljnk hbs flsfbs dukjlokns, nstìk sofntlmos b hos flsfos pnhl`ros y bmnfâs trbabenk mnktro mn uk ârnb mn trbabeo. >.2.13. Zbhum5
Ns uk mnrnjgo dukmbfnktbh qun supokn uk nstbmo mn alnknstbr dæsljo, fnktbh y sojlbh, y ko fnrbfnktn hb busnkjlb mn nkdnrfnmbm o mn lkjbpbjlmbm. >.12. Zbhum Ojupbjlokbh5
Qbfb mn hb qun tlnkn jofo dlkbhlmbm fbktnknr nh Zbhum fbyorSõahljb `rbmo mn alnknstbr dæsljo, fnktbhprofovnr y sojlbh mny hos trbabebmorns nk tombs hbs ojupbjlokns9 prnvnklr tomo mbòo b
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
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FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
hb sbhum jbusbmo por hbs jokmljlokns mn trbabeo y por hos dbjtorns mn rlns`o9 y bmnjubr nh trbabeo bh trbabebmor, btnkmlnkmo b sus bptltumns y jbpbjlmbmns. H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
21
>.11. Zn`urlmbm5
Zok tombshbaorbr bqunhhbs bjjlokns ymnbjtlvlmbmns qun pnrfltnk bh trbabebmor nk jokmljlokns ko b`rnslúk tbkto bfalnktbhns jofo pnrsokbhns pbrb prnsnrvbr su sbhum y joksnrvbr hos rnjursos gufbkos y fbtnrlbhns. 4. BAQNTLB]^QBZ • LSNQJ5 Lmnktlfljbjlúk mn Snhl`ros, Nvbhubjlúk mn Qlns`os y
Mntnrflkbjlúk mn Joktroh Joktrohns. ns. • HZZ]5 Hny mn Zn`urlmbm y Zbhum nk nh ]rbabeo. • QHZZ]5 Qn`hbfnkto mn hb Hny mn Zn`urlmbm y Zbhum nk nh n h ]rbabeo. ]rbabeo. Zn`u rlmbm y Zbhum nk nh ]rbabeo. ]rbabeo. • Z@ZZ]5 Zlstnfb mn @nstlúk mn Zn`urlmbm • ZZ]5 Zn`urlmbm y Zbhum nk nh ]rbabeo. • Z^KBDLH5 Zupnrlktnkmnkjlb Kbjlokbh mn Dlsjbhlzbjlúk Hbaorbh. 0. JOKZLMNQBJLOKNZ @NKNQBHNZ
b. Hb nvbhubjlúk nvbhubjlúk mn rlns`os sn bjtubhlzb bjtubhlzb ukb vnz bh bòo jofo jofo fæklfo o jubkmo jbfalnk hbs jokmljlokns mn trbabeo o sn gbybk promujlmo mbòos b hb sbhum y sn`urlmbm nk nh trbabeo, jofo bjjlmnktns mn trbabeo. a. Zn mnan lkjhulr nk hb fbtrlz LSNQJ, fnmlmbs mn joktr joktroh oh rndnr rndnrnktn nktn b hb protnjjlúk mn trbabebmorns nk sltubjlúk mn mlsjbpbjlmbm, hb protnjjlúk mn hos bmohnsjnktns, hb nvbhubjlúk mn dbjtorns mn rlns`o pbrb hb projrnbjlúk, bsæ jofo, nh nkdoqun mn `ìknro y hb protnjjlúk mn hbs trbabebmorbs nk pnrlomo mn nfabrbzo o hbjtbkjlb jok nh dlk mn bmoptbr hbs fnmlmbs prnvnktlvbs y mn protnjjlúk protnj jlúk knjnsbrlbs. j. Hb lmnktldljbjlúk lmnktldljbjlúk mn pnhl`ros, pnhl`ros, nvbhubjlúk nvbhubjlúk mn rlns`os y sus fnmlmbs mn joktroh dorfb pbrtn mn hb mojufnktbjlúk mnh Z@ZZ] qun mnan nxglalr nh nfphnbmor nfphnbmor99 por ho tbkto, nstn projnso mnan qunmbr mojufnktbmo.
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
m. Sbrb hb lmnktldljbjlúk lmnktldljbjlúk mn pnhl`ros pnhl`ros y nvbhubjlúk nvbhubjlúk mn rlns`os, sn mnan jokslmnrbr hb hæknb absn, bumltoræbs, lkvnstl`bjlúk (hb jbusb) mn hos lkjlmnktns, bjjlmnktns mn trbabeo y nkdnrfnmbmns prodnslokbhns9 bslflsfo, mnan jokslmnrbr hos rlns`os bsojlbmos b hb nfprnsb, phbktb, bjtlvlmbm, nktrn otrbs. d. Hos fìtomos pbrb bkâhlsls y nvbhubjlúk mn rlns`os sok tomos, nk nh dokmo, ukb sunrtn mn nsjumrlòbflnkto nk nh qun sn dorfuhbk prn`uktbss soarn nh projnso, nqulpos, hos slstnfbs mn joktroh, b prn`uktb hos fnmlos mn protnjjlúk (pbslvb y bjtlvb), b hb bjtubjlúk mn hos opnrbmorns (dbjtor (dbjtor gufbko) y b hos nktorkos lktnrlor y nxtnrlor mn hb lkstbhbjlúk (nxlstnktn o nk proynjto). `. Nh nfphnbmor nfphnbmor bmoptb hbs fnmlmbs fnmlmbs prnvnktlvbs prnvnktlvbs y jorrnjtlvbs jorrnjtlvbs knjnsbrlbs, bsæ jofo mntnrflkbr sl hos joktrohns prnvlstos o nxlstnktns sok bmnjubmos pbrb nhlflkbr hos pnhl`ros o joktr joktrohbr ohbr rlns`os bsojlbmos bh trbabeo. g. Zn punm n bphljbr bphlj br nstâkmbrns nst âkmbrns lktnrkbjlokbhns fb tnrlb mn mn ZZ],punmn pbrb btnkmnr sltubjlokns ko prnvlstbs nknkhb fbtnrlb hn`lshbjlúk kbjlokbh, fneorbr hbs jokmljlokns hbaorbhns, oatnknr kunvos kn`ojlos o fneorbr hb lfb`nk lkstltujlokbh nk nh fnrjbmo. Ko oastbktn, nh nfphnbmor mnan jufphlr fæklfbfnktn jok ho snòbhbmo nk hb HZZ], nh QHZZ] y mnfâs korfbs bphljbahns mn hb fbtnrlb, sn`õk sn` õk jorrnspokmb. l.
Bmnfâs, nh nfphnbmor tlnkn b su mlsposljlúk hb Qnsohujlúk Flklstnrlbh K.³ 3>3-132:-]Q, jofo rndnrnktn pbrb uso mn fbtrljns pbrb hb lmnktldljbjlúk mn pnhl`ros y nvbhubjlúk mn rlns`os nk su or`bklzbjlúk9 bslflsfo, nstâ dbjuhtbmo pbrb gbjnr uso mn korfbs lktnrkbjlokbhns.
7. LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ \ NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ
Nh projnso mn lmnktldljbjlúk mn pnhl`ros, nvbhubjlúk mn rlns`os y mntnrflkbjlúk mn joktrohns (LSNQJ) ns nhbaorbmb y bjtubhlzbmb pnrlúmljbfnktn, slk nxjnmnr nh phbzo mn uk bòo, por nh/hb nfphnbmor/b9 sn rnbhlzb nk jbmb punsto mn trbabeo, jok pbrtljlpbjlúk mnh pnrsokbh jofpntnktn, nk joksuhtb jok hbs y hos trbabebmor trbabebmorns, ns, bsæ jofo jok sus rnprnsnktbktns rnprnsnktbktns bktn nh Jofltì mn Zn`urlmbm y Zbhum nk nh ]rbabeo, nh Zuajofltì mn Zn`urlmbm y Zbhum nk nh ]rbabeo ]rbabeo o hb o nh Zupnrvlsor mn Zn`urlmbm y Zbhum nk nh ]rbabeo, mn snr nh jbso. Zok rnqulsltos fæklfos pbrb hb nhbaorbjlúk o bjtubhlzbjlúk mn hb LSNQJ5
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
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FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
b. Hbs bjtlvlmbmns rutlkbrlbs y ko rutlkbrlbs, sn`õk ho nstbahnjlmo nk nh punsto mn trbabeo mnh/b trbabebmor/b9 bsæ jofo hbs sltubjlokns mn nfnr`nkjlb qun sn pomræbk prnsnktbr b jbusb mnh mnsbrrohho mn su trbabeo o jok ojbslúk mnh flsfo. H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
2=
a. Hbs jokmljlokns jokmljlokns mn trbabeo trbabeo nxlstnktns nxlstnktns o prnvlstbs, prnvlstbs, bsæ jofo jofo hb poslalhlmbm mn qun nh/hb trbabebmor/bdbjtorns qun ho mn ojupn snb nspnjlbhfnktn snkslahns b mntnrflkbmos rlns`o. j. Lmnktldljbr hos pnhl`ros y nvbhubr hos rlns`os nxlstnktns o poslahns nk fbtnrlb mn sn`urlmbm y sbhum qun `ubrmnk rnhbjlúk jok nh fnmlo bfalnktn mn trbabeo o jok hb or`bklzbjlúk mnh trbabeo. m. Lkjhulr hbs fnmlmbs mn protnj protnjjlúk jlúk mn hos/hbs trbabebmor trbabebmorns/bs ns/bs nk sltubjlúk mn mlsjbpbjlmbm, rnbhlzbr hb nvbhubjlúk mn dbjtorns mn rlns`os pbrb hb projr projrnbjlúk, nbjlúk, nh nkdoqun mn `ìknro y protnjjlúk mn hbs trbabebmorbs y hos bmohnsjnktns, sn`õk ho nstbahnjlmo nk hos brtæjuhos 4=, 4>, 44 y 40 mn hb Hny 10LSNQJ mnan13 mn hb Hny. 7.2. Fìtomos
Nxlstnk vbrlos fìtomos pbrb rnbhlzbr nh nstumlo, bkâhlsls y nvbhubjlúk mn rlns`os, nktrn nhhos, jltbfos25 b. Fìtomos Jubhltbtlvo Jubhltbtlvos5 s5
]lnknk jofo oaentlvo nstbahnjnr hb lmnktldljbjlúk mn hos rlns`os nk nh orl`nk, nstrujturb y/o snjunkjlb jok qun sn fbkldlnstbk jubkmo
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
sn jokvlnrtnk nk bjjlmnktn. B joktlkubjlúk, bh`ukbs jhbsldljbjlokns5 • • • •
Bkâhlsls glstúrljo mn rlns`os Bkâhlsls prnhlflkbr mn rlns`os Bkâhlsls5 ¿Ruì Sbsb sæ? Bkâhlsls fnmlbktn hlstbs mn jofpr jofproabjlúk oabjlúk
a. Fìtomos Jubktltbtlvo Jubktltbtlvos5 s5
Nvohujlúk proabahn mnh bjjlmnktn mnsmn nh orl`nk (dbhhos nk nqulpos y opnrbjlokns) gbstb nstbahnjnr hb vbrlbjlúk mnh rlns`o (Q) jok hb mlstbkjlb, bsæ jofo hb pbrtljuhbrlzbjlúk mn mljgb vbrlbjlúk nstbahnjlnkmo hos vbhorns jokjrntos bh rlns`o pbrb hos suentos pbjlnktns (gbaltbktns, jbsbs, otrbs lkstbhbjlokns, ntj.) sltubmos nk hojbhlzbjlokns b mlstbkjlbs jokjrntbs. B joktlkubjlúk, bh`ukbs jhbsldljbjlokns5 • • •
Bkâhlsls fnmlbktn âraohns âraohns mn mn sujnsos. dbhhos. Bkâhlsls Jubktltbtlvo jubktltbtlvo fnmlbktn Bkâhlsls jubktltbtlvo mn jbusbs y joksnjunkjlbs.
j. Fìtomo Jofpbrbtlvo5
Zn absb nk hb nxpnrlnkjlb prnvlb bjufuhbmb nk uk jbfpo mntnrflkbmo, alnk jofo rn`lstro mn bjjlmnktns prnvlos o jofplhbmos nk dorfb mn júml`os o hlstb mn jofproabjlúk. m. Fìtomos @nknrbhlzbmos5
Sroporjlokbk nsqunfbs mn rbzokbflnktos bphljbahns nk prlkjlplo Sroporjlokbk b jubhqulnr sltubjlúk, qun hos jokvlnrtn nk bkâhlsls vnrsâtlhns mn `rbk utlhlmbm. Nk joksnjunkjlb, sn gb jokslmnrbmo knjnsbrlo qun nh nfphnbmor punmb gbjnr uso mn ukb fntomoho`æb prâjtljb y snkjlhhb pbrb nhbaorbr hb Fbtrlz LSNQJ9 ko oastbktn, sn bmvlnrtn qun nxlstnk otrbs fntomoho`æbs, mn hbs jubhns nh nfphnbmor punmn nhn`lr sn`õk jokslmnrn pnrtlknktn, por nenfpho, hbs nstbahnjlmbs nk hb Qnsohujlúk Flklstnrlbh K.³ 3>3-132:3>3-132:-]Q. ]Q.
2. Bknxo : mn hb Qnsohujlúk Flklstnrlbh K.³ 3>3-132:-]Q 3>3-132:-]Q..
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
2>
FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
7.2.2. Fìtomos bphljbahns5
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ]
B joktlkubjlúk, sn prnsnktb uk rnsufnk mn trns (:) mlsposljlokns korfbtlvbs qun rnjo`nk hb `nstlúk mn rlns`os y qun punmnk snr tofbmbs nk junktb pbrb hb Lmnktldljbjlúk mn Snhl`ros y Nvbhubjlúk mn Qlns`os5 7.2.2.2. LZO =>332-1327
Nstb korfb lktnrkbjlokbh prnjlsb qun ns knjnsbrlo joktbr jok ukb phbkldljbjlúk mnh Zlstnfb mn @nstlúk mn ZZ], hb jubh mnan jokslmnrbr : bspnjtos5
@QÂDLJO 2. BZSNJ]OZ MNH
K L Q N S ^ Z
ZLZ]NFB MN @NZ]LÚK MN ZZ]
2. JOK]NW]O
24
:. BHJBKJN
1. SBQ]NZ LK]NQNZBMBZ
Dunktn5 Nhbaorbjlúk Sroplb
Joktnxto5 ns nh rnsuhtbmo mn lmnktldljbr y nvbhubr hos bspnjtos nxtnrkos n lktnrkos b hb or`bklzbjlúk qun punmnk bdnjtbr b hb jbpbjlmbm mn hb or`bklzbjlúk pbrb bhjbkzbr hos rnsuhtbmos prnvlstos mn su Zlstnfb mn @nstlúk mn ZZ]. Bhjbkjn5 sok hos hæfltns y hb bphljbalhlmbm mnh Zlstnfb mn @nstlúk mn ZZ], tnklnkmo nk junktb hbs bjtlvlmbmns, hos promujtos promujt os y hos snrvljlos abeo nh joktr joktroh oh o hb lkdhunkjlb mn hb
or`bklzbjlúk qun punmnk tnknr uk lfpbjto nk nh mnsnfpnòo mn hb ZZ] mn hb or`bklzbjlúk.
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
Sbrtns lktnrnsbmbs5 ns uk lkmlvlmuo o `rupo mn lkmlvlmuos qun punmnk bdnjtbr, vnrsn bdnjtbmb, o pnrjlalrsn jofo bdnjtbmb por ukb mnjlslúk o bjtlvlmbm mnh mnsnfpnòo mnh Zlstnfb mn @nstlúk mn ZZ] jofo hbs butorlmbmns hn`bhns y rn`hbfnktbrlbs, hos provnnmorns, joktrbtlstbs, suajoktrbtlstbs, hos trbabebmorns y sus rnprnsnktbktns, hos jhlnktns, nktrn otros.
Nk jokjormbkjlb jok nstos bspnjtos, pbrb ukb bmnjubmb `nstlúk mn ZZ] ns dukmbfnktbh hb `nstlúk mn hos rlns`os y oportuklmbmns y hb phbkldljbjlúk mn hb bjjlúk1, b ndnjtos mn bsn`urbr qun nh Zlstnfb mn @nstlúk mn ZZ] (lfphnfnktbmo) punmb ho`rbr sus rnsuhtbmo rnsuhtbmos, s, prnvnklr y/o rnmujlr hos ndnjtos ko mnsnbmos y bphljbr hb fneorb joktlkub. b) @nstlúk mn hos Qlns`os y Oportuklmbmns.
Sbrb `nstlokbr o bmflklstrbr hos rlns`os oportuklmbmns mnh Z@ZZ] y sus rnsuhtbmos prnvlstos nk hbsy or`bklzbjlokns sn tlnkn jubtro nhnfnktos5 • • • •
Lmnktldljbr hos pnhl`ros. Nvbhubr hos rlns`os mn hb ZZ] y otros otros rlns`os. Nvbhubr hbs oportuklmbmns mn hb ZZ] y otrbs oportuklmbmns. Lmnktldljbr hos rnqulsltos hn`bhns y otros otros rnqulsltos.
b.2. Lmnktldljbjlúk mn Snhl`ros.
Nk jokjormbkjlb jok hos rnqulsltos fæklfos pbrb hb nhbaorbjlúk o bjtubhlzbjlúk mn hb LSNQJ -mnsjrltos jok bktnhbjlúk- hb or`bklzbjlúk tofb nk junktb ho sl`ulnktn5 • • • • •
Júfo sn or`bklzb nh trbabeo. Bjtlvlmbmns y sltubjlokns rutlkbrlbs y ko rutlkbrlbs. Lkjlmnktns: rn`lstrbmos Zltubjlokns mn nfnr`nkjlb potnkjlbhns Hbs pnrsokbs5 - Bqunhhbs jok jok bjjnso bjjnso bh hu`br mn trbabeo y sus bjtlvlmbmns5 ]rbabebmor rbabebmorns, ns, joktrbtlst joktrbtlstbs, bs, vlsltbktns.
1. Oportuklmbm pbrb hb ZZ]5 Jlrjukstbkjlb o jokeukto mn jlrjukstbkjlbs qun punmnk jokmujlr b hb fneorb mnh mnsnfpnòo mn hb ZZ]. Hltnrbhns Hltnrbhns :.11 y 4.2.= rnspnjtlvbfnktn, Korfb LZO =>332. :. Lkjlmnktns5 ojurrnkjlb qun sur`n mnh trbabeo o nk nh trbksjurso mnh trbabeo qun pomræb tnknr o tlnkn jofo rnsuhtbmo hnslokns y mntnrloro mn hb sbhum. Hltnrbh :.:> Korfb LZO =>332.
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
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FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
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- Bqunhhbs nk hbs lkfnmlbjlokns mnh hu`br mn trbabeo trbabeo qun punmnk vnrsn bdnjtbmbs por hbs bjtlvlmbmns mn hb or`bklzbjlúk. - ]rbabebmor rbabebmorns ns nk ukb ualjbjlúk qun ko nstâ abeo nh joktroh mlrnjto mn hb or`bklzbjlúk. • Jbfalos rnbhns o propunstos propunstos nk hb or`bklzbjlúk. • Jbfalos nk nh jokojlflnkto jokojlflnkto mn hb lkdorfbjlúk, soarn hos pnhl`ros. • Otrbs junstlokns5 Mlsnòo mn hbs ârnbs mn trbabeo, projnsos, lkstbhbjlokns, fbqulkbrlb, nktrn otros. b.1. Nvbhubjlúk mn Qlns`os mn ZZ] y otros Qlns`os pbrb nh Z@ZZ]
Hb or`bklzbjlúk mnan nstbahnjnr, lfphnfnktbr y fbktnknr uk(os) projnso(s) pbrb5 • Nvbhubr hos rlns`os pbrb hb ZZ] b pbrtlr mn hos pnhl`ros pnhl`ros lmnktldljbmos, tnklnkmo nk junktb hb ndljbjlb mn hos joktrohns nxlstnktns9 • Mntnrflkbr y nvbhubr nvbhubr otros rlns`os rnhbjlokbmos rnhbjlokbmos jok nh nstbahnjlflnkto, hb lfphnfnktbjlúk, opnrbjlúk y fbktnklflnkto mnh slstnfb mn `nstlúk mn hb ZZ]. Hbs fntomoho`æbs y jrltnrlos mn hb or`bklzbjlúk pbrb hb nvbhubjlúk mn hos rlns`os pbrb hb ZZ], sn mndlknk rnspnjto b su bhjbkjn, kbturbhnzb y nk nh tlnfpo, pbrb bsn`urbr qun hbs bjjlokns snbk fâs probjtlvbs qun rnbjtlvbs y qun sn utlhljnk mn uk fomo slstnfâtlj s lstnfâtljo. o. Nstbs fntomoho`æbs y jrltnrlos mnank fbktnknrsn y joksnrvbrsn jofo lkdorfbjlúk mojufnktbmb. b.:. Nvbhubjlúk mn hbs Oportuklmbmns mn ZZ] y otrbs Oportuklmbmns pbrb nh Z@ZZ]
Hb or`bklzbjlúk mnan nstbahnjnr, lfphnfnktbr y fbktnknr uk(os) projnso(s) pbrb5 • Hbs oportuklmbmns pbrb hb ZZ] pbrb fneorbr nh mnsnfpnòo mn hb ZZ], tnklnkmo nk junktb hos jbfalos phbkldljbmos nk hb or`bklzbjlúk, sus pohætljbs, sus projnsos o sus bjtlvlmbmns, y5
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
- Hbs oportuklmbmns pbrb bmbptbr nh trbabeo, hb or`bklzbjlúk mnh trbabeo y nh bfalnktn mn trbabeo b hos trbabebmorns9 - Hbs oportuklmbmns mn nhlflkbr hos pnhl`ros y rnmujlr hos rlns`os pbrb hb ZZ]9 • Otrbs oportuklmbmns pbrb fneorbr nh slstnfb slstnfb mn `nstlúk mn hb ZZ]. b.=. Mntnrflkbjlúk mn hos Qnqulsltos Hn`bhns y otros rnqulsltos
Hb or`bklzbjlúk mnan nstbahnjnr, lfphnfnktbr y fbktnknr uk(os) projnso(s) pbrb5 • Mntnrflkbr y tnknr bjjnso bjjnso b rnqulsltos rnqulsltos hn`bhns hn`bhns y otros otros rnqulsltos bjtubhlzbmos qun snbk bphljbahn b sus pnhl`ros, rlns`os pbrb hb ZZ] y su s u rnqulsltos slstnfb mn `nstlúk ZZ]9 • sus Mntnrflkbr júfo nstos hn`bhns mny hbotros rnqulsltos bphljbk b hb or`bklzbjlúk y qun knjnsltb jofukljbrsn9 • ]nknr nk junktb nstos rnqulsltos hn`bhns y otros rnqulsltos pbrb nstbahnjnr, lfphnfnktbr, fbktnknr y fneorbr mn fbknrb joktlkub su slstnfb mn `nstlúk mn hb ZZ]. a) Shbkldljbjlúk mn hb Bjjlúk Hun`o mn hb lmnktldljbjlúk mn pnhl`ros, nvbhubjlúk mn rlns`os y oportuklmbmns, hb or`bklzbjlúk mnan phbkldljbr5 • Hbs bjjlokns pbrb5 - Baormbr hos rlns`os y oportuklmbmns. - Baormbr hos rnqulsltos hn`bhns y otros rnqulsltos. - Srnpbrbrsn y rnspokmnr bktn sltubjlokns mn nfnr`nkjlb. • Hb fbknrb mn5 - Lktn`rbr n lfphnfnktbr hbs bjjlokns nk sus projnsos mnh Z@ZZ] o nk otros mn kn`ojlo. - Nvbhubr hb ndljbjlb mn projnsos nstbs bjjlokns.
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
2<
FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
Sbrb hb phbkldljbjlúk, hb or`bklzbjlúk mnan tnknr nk junktb hb sl`ulnktn enrbrquæb mn joktrohns5
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
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2. Nhlflkbr nh pnhl`ro9 1. Zustltulr jjok ok projnsos, projnsos, opnrbjlokns, opnrbjlokns, fbtnrlbhns fbtnrlbhns o nqulpos fnkos Snhl`rosos9 :. ^tlhlzbr joktrohns mn lk`nklnræb y rnor`bklzbjlúk mnh trbabeo9 =. ^tlhlzbr joktroh joktrohns ns bmflklstrbtlv bmflklstrbtlvos, os, lkjhuynkmo hb dorfbjlúk9 >. ^tlhlzbr nqulpos mn protnjjlúk protnjjlúk pnrsokbh bmnjubmos. Dlkbhfnktn, hb or`bklzbjlúk mnan mojufnktbr hb lmnktldljbjlúk mn hos pnhl`ros, nvbhubjlúk mn rlns`os y oportuklmbmns, bsæ jofo nh projnso, hb fntomoho`æb y hos jrltnrlos utlhlzbmos. 7.2.2.1. Korfb LZO :23351327
Hb korfb lktnrkbjlokbh, proporjlokb mlrnjtrljns pbrb `nstlokbr jubhqulnr tlpo mn rlns`o bh qun sn nkdrnktbk hbs or`bklzbjlokns, hb jubh punmn bmbptbrsn b jubhqulnr tlpo mn lkmustrlb, snjtor, tbfbòo o joktnxto mn hb or`bklzbjlúk. Nh lkvohujrbflnkto mn hb bhtb mlrnjjlúk, jofo bjtor dukmbfnktbh, mnan bsn`urbr qun hb `nstlúk mn hos rlns`os nstì lktn`rbmb nk tombs hbs bjtlvlmbmns mn hb or`bklzbjlúk, ns bsæ qun, mnanræb snr ukb pbrtn mn, y ko nstbr snpbrbmb mnh propúslto, hb `oanrkbkzb, nh hlmnrbz`o y jofproflso, hb nstrbtn`lb, hos oaentlvos y hbs opnrbjlokns mn hb or`bklzbjlúk. Bsæ flsfo, fnkjlokb qun, pbrb ho`rbrho, ns knjnsbrlo rnbhlzbr ukb snrln mn bjjlokns jofo5 ‘nhbaorbr ukb pohætljb y phbkns qun nstbahnzjbk hb posljlúk mn hb bhtb mlrnjjlúk jok hb `nstlúk mn hos rlns`os9 rlns`os 9 bsn`urbr hos rnjursos knjnsbrlos9 bsl`kbr butorlmbm, rnspoksbalhlmbm y oahl`bjlúk mn rnkmlr junktbs nk hos klvnhns bproplbmos mnktro mn hb or`bklzbjlúk‖ or`bklzbjlúk‖.. Mn nstb fbknrb, hb or`bklzbjlúk pomrâ bhlknbr hb `nstlúk mnh rlns`o b sus oaentlvos, nstrbtn`lbs y juhturb9 nstbahnjnr hbs fb`kltumns y hos tlpos mn rlns`o9 jofukljbr nh vbhor n lfportbkjlb b tomb hb or`bklzbjlúk y sus pbrtns lktnrnsbmbs9
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
profovnr nh sn`ulflnkto slstnfâtljo mn hos rlns`os y bsn`urbr qun nh fbrjo mn rndnrnkjlb pnrfbknzjb bproplbmo bh joktnxto mn hb or`bklzbjlúk. Hb phbkldljbjlúk mn hb `nstlúk mnh rlns`o mnan snr bproplbmb y jognrnktn jok hb rnbhlmbm rnbhlmbm mn hb nfprnsb, por nhho sn mnanrâ lmnktldljbr, bkbhlzbr y jofprnkmnr su joktnxto lktnrko y nxtnrko, qun snrvlrâ pbrb mlsnòbr nh fbrjo mn rndnrnkjlb, nh qun rnqunrlrâ mnh jofproflso y hb tofb mn jokjlnkjlb mn hbs pbrtns lktnrnsbmbs= pbrb ho`rbr uk mlsnòo n lfphnfnktbjlúk nxltosb. Bmnfâs, jok nh dlk mn joktrlaulr jok hb ndljbjlb mn hb `nstlúk mnh rlns`o, mnan fnmlrsn pnrlúmljbfnktn nh mnsnfpnòo mnh fbrjo mn rndnrnkjlb y mntnrflkbr hb knjnslmbm mn rnbhlzbr bh`ukb fomldljbjlúk. Nstb bjjlúk pnrfltlrâ tbfalìk hb fneorb joktlkub, qun mnan snr bphljbmb nk tomo nh projnso mn hb `nstlúk mnh rlns`o, bsæ jofo lmnktldljbr oportuklmbmns mn fneorb qun jobmyuvnk bh ho`ro mn fneorns rnsuhtbmos. rnsuhtbmos. SQOJNZO Sbrb lkljlbr hb nvbhubjlúk mnh rlns`o, mnanrâ mndlklrsn : bspnjtos dukmbfnktbhns5 • Bhjbkjn5 sn mnan nstbahnjnr b qun klvnh sn lfphnfnktbrâ hb `nstlúk mn rlns`os, hos oaentlvos pnrtlknktns y su bhlknbflnkto jok hos oaentlvos mn hb or`bklzbjlúk. • Joktnxto nxtnrko n lktnrko5 lmnktldljbr y jofprnkmnr nh nktorko nxtnrko n lktnrko mn hb or`bklzbjlúk. • Jrltnrlos5 sn mnanrâ mndlklr hos jrltnrlos mnh rlns`o, hos jubhns mnanræbk rndhnebr hos vbhorns, oaentlvos y rnjursos mn hb or`bklzbjlúk y snr jognrnktns jok hbs pohætljbs y mnjhbrbjlokns bjnrjb bjnrjb mn hb `nstlúk mnh rlns`o. Hun`o sn rnbhlzb5
=. Snrsokb u or`bklzbjlúk qun punmn bdnjtbr, vnrsn bdnjtbmb, o pnrjlalrsn jofo bdnjtbmb por ukb mnjlslúk o bjtlvlmbm. Hltnrbh :.: mn hb korfb LZO =>33251327
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
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FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
11
b) Nvbhubjlúk mnh Qlns`o Ns nh projnso mn lmnktldljbjlúk, bkâhlsls y vbhorbjlúk mnh rlns`o. Hb nvbhubjlúk mnh rlns`o sn mnanræb hhnvbr b jbao mn fbknrb slstnfâtljb, ltnrbtlvb y johbaorbtlvb, absâkmosn nk nh jokojlflnkto y hos puktos mn vlstb mn hbs pbrtns lktnrnsbmbs. b.2. Lmnktldljbjlúk mnh Qlns`o Nh propúslto mn hb lmnktldljbjlúk mnh rlns`o ns nkjoktrbr, rnjokojnr y mnsjrlalr hos rlns`os qun punmnk lfpnmlr b ukb or`bklzbjlúk ho`rbr sus oaentlvos. Nxlstnk vbrlbs tìjkljbs o fntomoho`æbs qun hb or`bklzbjlúk punmn nhn`lr pbrb lmnktldljbr hos rlns`os, slk s lk nfabr`o, sn mnanræbk jokslmnrbrb hos sl`ulnktns dbjtor dbjtorns5 ns5 ]BAHB 1. DBJ DBJ]OQNZ ]OQNZ SBQB LMNK]LDLJBQ LMNK]LDLJB Q HOZ QLNZ@OZ
• • • • • • • •
Hbs dunktns dunktns mn rlns`o tbk`lahns tbk`lahns n lktbk`lahns. Hbs jbusbs jbusbs y hos nvnktos. Hbs bfnkbzbs bfnkbzbs y hbs hbs oportuklmbmns. oportuklmbmns. Hbs vuhknrbalhlmbmns vuhknrbalhlmbmns y hbs hbs jbpbjlmbmns. jbpbjlmbmns. Hos jbfalos nk hos joktn joktnxtos xtos nxtnrko n lktnrko. Hos lkmljbmorns lkmljbmorns mn rlns`os nfnr`nktns. Hb kbturbhnzb kbturbhnzb y nh vbhor vbhor mn hos bjtlvos y rnjursos. rnjursos. Hbs joksnjunkjlbs joksnjunkjlbs y sus lfpbjtos nk hos oaentlvos.
• Hbs hlfltbjlokns mn jokojlflnktos jokojlflnktos y hb jokdlbalhlmbm jokdlbalhlmbm mn hb lkdorfbjlúk. • Hos dbjtorns dbjtorns rnhbjlokb rnhbjlokbmos mos bh tlnfpo. • Hos sns`os, hos supunstos y hbs jrnnkjlbs mn hbs pnrsokbs lkvohujrbmbs. Dunktn5 Korfb LZO :23351327
Hb or`bklzbjlúk mnan lmnktldljbr hos rlns`os, tbkto sl sus dunktns nstâk o ko abeo su joktroh.
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
b.1. Bkâhlsls mnh Qlns`o Nh bkâhlsls mnh rlns`o lfphljb ukb jokslmnrbjlúk mntbhhbmb mn lkjnrtlmufarns, dunktns mn rlns`o, joksnjunkjlbs, proabalhlmbmns, nvnktos nsjnkbrlos, joktrohns y su ndljbjlb. Hbs tìjkljbs mn bkâhlsls mn rlns`o punmnk snr jubhltbtlvbs, jubktltbtlvbs o ukb jofalkbjlúk mn nstbs y mnanræb jokslmnrbr dbjtorns jofo5 ]BAHB :. DBJ DBJ]OQNZ ]OQNZ SBQB BKBHLUBQ BKBHLUB Q HOZ QLNZ@OZ
• Hb proabalhlmbm mn hos nvnktos mn y mn hbs joksnjunkjlbs. • Hb kbturbhnzb kbturbhnzb y hb fb`kltum mn hbs joksnjunkjlbs. joksnjunkjlbs. • Hb jofphnelmbm jofphnelmbm y hb lktnrj lktnrjoknxlúk. oknxlúk. • Hos dbjtorns dbjtorns rnhbjlokbmos rnhbjlokbmos jok jok nh tlnfpo tlnfpo y vohbtlhlmbm. vohbtlhlmbm. • Hb ndljbjlb mn hos joktr joktrohns ohns nxlstnktns. nxlstnktns. • Hos klv klvnhns nhns mn snkslalhlmbm y jokdlbkzb. jokdlbkzb. Dunktn5 Korfb LZO :23351327
b.:. Tbhorbjlúk mnh Qlns`o Hb vbhorbjlúk mnh rlns`o lfphljb jofpbrbr hos rnsuhtbmos mnh bkâhlsls mnh rlns`o jok hos jrltnrlos mnh rlns`o nstbahnjlmos pbrb mntnrflkbr juâkmo sn rnqulnrn tofbr bjjlúk, hbs qun punmnk snr5 ]BAHB =. DBJ DBJ]OQNZ ]OQNZ SBQB BKBHLUBQ BKBHLUB Q HOZ QLNZ@OZ
• Ko gbjnr kbmb fâs. • Jokslmnrbr opjlokns opjlokns pbrb nh trbtbflnkto trbtbflnkto mnh mnh rlns`o. • Qnbhlzbr uk bkâhlsls bmljlokbh pbrb jofprnkmnr fneor nh rlns`o. • Fbktnknr hos joktrohns nxlstnktns. • Qnjok Qnjokslmnrbr slmnrbr hos oaentlvos. Dunktn5 Korfb LZO :23351327
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
1:
FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
b.=. ]rbtbflnkto mnh Qlns`o Hun`o mn gbanr vbhorbmo hos rlns`os, ns knjnsbrlo snhnjjlokbr n lfphnfnktbr opjlokns pbrb baormbr nh rlns`o. Nh trbtbflnkto mnh rlns`o lfphljb uk projnso ltnrbtlvo5 H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
1=
]BAHB >. SBZOZ SBQB NH ]QB]BFLNK]O MNH QLNZ@O
• Dorfuhbr y snhnjjlokbr snhnjjlokbr opjlokns pbrb nh trbtbflnkto mnh rlns`o. • Shbkldljbr n lfphnfnktbr lfphnfnktbr nh trbtbflnkto mnh rlns`o. • Nvbhubr hb ndljbjlb mn nsn trbtbflnkto. • Mnjlmlr sl nh rlns`o rnslmubh ns bjnptbahn. bjnptbahn. • Zl ko ns bjnptbahn, bjnptbahn, ndnjtubr ndnjtubr nh trbtbflnkto bmljlokbh. Dunktn5 Korfb LZO :23351327
b.=.2. Znhnjjlúk mn hbs opjlokns pbrb nh trbtbflnkt trbtbflnktoo mnh rlns`o Sbrb snhnjjlokbr hb opjlúk fâs bmnjubmb, sn mnan gbjnr uk abhbkjn nktrn hos ankndljlos potnkjlbhns. Hbs opjlokns pbrb trbtbr nh rlns`o punmnk lfphljbr ukb o fâs mn hbs sl`ulnktns5 ]BAHB 4. OSJLOKNZ SBQB NH ]QB]BFLNK]O MNH QLNZ@O
• Nvltbr nh rlns`o mnjlmlnkmo ko ko lkljlbr o joktlkubr jok • • • • •
hb bjtlvlmbm qun `nknrb nh rlns`o. Bjnptbr o bufnktbr nh rlns`o nk ausjb mn ukb oportuklmbm. Nhlflkbr hb dunktn mn rlns`o. Fomldljbr hbs joksnjunkjlbs. Jofpbrtlr nh rlns`o (por nenfpho5 b trbvìs mn joktrbtos, jofprb mn sn`uros). Qntnknr nh rlns`o jok jok absn nk ukb mnjlslúk lkdorfbmb. lkdorfbmb.
Dunktn5 Korfb LZO :23351327
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
Bh snhnjjlokbr opjlokns pbrb nh trbtbflnkto mnh rlns`o, hb or`bklzbjlúk mnan jokslmnrbr hos vbhor vbhorns, ns, hbs pnrjnp pnrjnpjlokns, jlokns, nh lkvohujrbr potnkjlbhfnktn b hbs pbrtns lktnrnsbmbs y hos fnmlos fâs bproplbmos pbrb jofukljbrsn jok nhhbs y joksuhtbrhbs. b.=.1. Srnpbrb Srnpbrbjlúk jlúk n lfphnfnktbjl lfphnfnktbjlúk úk mn hos phbkns mn trbtbflnkto mnh rlns`o
Zn mnan nstbahnjnr hb fbknrb nk qun sn lfphnfnktbrâk hbs opjlokns pbrb nh trbtbflnkto mnh rlns`o, y qun tomos hos lkvohujrbmos jofprnkmbk nstbs mlsposljlokns, y qun punmb rnbhlzbrsn nh sn`ulflnkto mnh bvbkjn rnspnjto mn ho phbkldljbmo. Hb phbkldljbjlúk mnan lkjhulr lkjhulr55 ]BAHB 0. DBJ DBJ]OQNZ ]OQNZ SBQB SHBKLDLJBQ SHBKL DLJBQ NH ]QB] ]Q B]BFLNK]O BFLNK]O
MNH QLNZ@O
• Nh dukmbfnkto dukmbfnkto mn hb snhnjjlúk mn hbs opjlokns pbrb nh trbtbflnkto, lkjhuynkmo hos ankndljlos nspnrbmos. • Hbs pnrsokbs pnrsokbs qun rlkmnk junktbs junktbs y bqunhhbs bqunhhbs rnspoksbahns rnspoksbahns mn hb bproabjlúk n lfphnfnktbjlúk mnh phbk. • Hbs bjjlokns propunst propunstbs. bs. • • • • •
Hos rnjursos rnjursos knjnsbrlos, lkjhuynkmo hbs joktlk`nkjlbs. joktlk`nkjlbs. Hbs fnmlmbs nh mnsnfpnòo. Hbs rnstrlj rnstrljjlokns. jlokns. Hos lkdorfns lkdorfns y sn`ulflnkto sn`ulflnkto rnqunrlmos. Hos phbzos prnvlst prnvlstos os pbrb hb rnbhlzbjlúk rnbhlzbjlúk y hb dlkbhlzbjlúk dlkbhlzbjlúk mn hbs bjjlokns.
Dunktn5 Korfb LZO :23351327
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
1>
FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
7.2.2.:. Qnsohujlúk Flklstnrlbh K.³ 3>3-132:-]Q
Zn prnsnktb ukb fntomoho`æb prâjtljb y jofphntb qun punmn utlhlzbrsn pbrb `nstlokbr hos rlns`os nk ukb or`bklzbjlúk. H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ]
Sbrb hb nvbhubjlúk sn mnan gbhhbr nh klvnh mn proabalhlmbm mn ojurrnkjlb mnh mbòo, klvnh mn joksnjunkjlbs prnvlslahns, klvnh mn nxposljlúk y dlkbhfnktn hb vbhorlzbjlúk mnh rlns`o5 Sbrb nstbahnjnr nh klvnh mn proabalhlmbm (KS) mnh mbòo sn mnan tnknr nk junktb nh klvnh mn mndljlnkjlb mntnjtbmo y sl hbs fnmlmbs mn joktr joktroh oh sok bmnjubmbs sn`õk sn` õk hb nsjbhb5 ]BAHB 7. KLTNH
MN SQOABALHLMBM
K L Q N S ^ Z
14
Dunktn5 Q.F. K.³ 3>3-132:3>3-132:-]Q ]Q
Sbrb mntnrflkbr nh klvnh mn hbs joksnjunkjlbs prnvlslahns (KJ) mnank jokslmnrbrsn hb kbturbhnzb mnh mbòo y hbs pbrtns mnh junrpo bdnjtbmbs sn`õk5 ]BAHB 3-132:-]Q ]Q Dunktn5 Q.F. K.³ 3>3-132:-
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
Nh klvnh mn nxposljlúk (KN), ns ukb fnmlmb mn hb drnjunkjlb jok hb qun sn mb hb nxposljlúk bh rlns`o. r lns`o. Gbaltubhfnktn vlnkn mbmo por nh tlnfpo mn pnrfbknkjlb nk ârnbs mn trbabeo, tlnfpo mn opnrbjlokns o tbrnbs, mn joktbjto jok fâqulkbs, ]BAHB 23.
KLTNH MN NWSOZLJLÚK
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
Dunktn5 Q.F. K.³ 3>3-132:3>3-132:-]Q ]Q
gnrrbflnktbs, ntj. Nstn klvnh mn nxposljlúk sn prnsnktb5 Nh klvnh mn rlns`o sn mntnrflkb jofalkbkmo hb proabalhlmbm jok hb joksnjunkjlb mnh mbòo, sn`õk hb fbtrlz5 Tbhorbjlúk mnh rlns`o, jok nh vbhor mnh rlns`o oatnklmo y jofpbrâkmoho jok nh vbhor tohnrbahn, sn nfltn uk euljlo soarn hb tohnrbalhlmbm mnh rlns`o nk junstlúk.
10
FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
]BAHB 22. FB]QLU MN TBHOQBJLÚK MNH QLNZ@O
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
17
Dunktn5 Q.F. K.³ 3>3-132:3>3-132:-]Q ]Q
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
]BAHB 21. KLTNH MN QLNZ@O
JOKZNJ^NKJLB HL@NQBFNK]N MBÒLKO
NW]QNFBMBFNK]N MBÒLKO
]rlvlbh =
]ohnrbahn >-7
Fomnrbmo < - 24
Fnmlb
]ohnrbahn >-7
Fomnrbmo < - 24
Lfportbktn 20 - 1=
Bhtb
Fomnrbmo < - 24
Lfportbktn 20 - 1=
Lktohnrbahn 1> - :4
Abeb
SQOABALHLMBM
MBÒLKO
3>3-132:-]Q ]Q Dunktn5 Q.F. K.³ 3>3-132:-
]BAHB 2:. JQL]NQLO SBQB JÂHJ^HO MNH KLTNH MN QLNZ@O (KQ)
SQOABALHLMBM ÆKMLJN Snrsokbs nxpunstbs
2
1
:
MN 2 B :
MN = B 21
FÂZ MN 21
Srojnmlflnktos Nxlstnktns
Jbpbjltbjlúk
Nxlstnk, sok sbtlsdbjtorlos y sufljlnktns
Snrsokbh nktrnkbmo. Jokojn nh pnhl`ro y ho prnvlnkn
Nxlstnk, pbrjlbhfnktn y ko sok sbtlsdbjtorlos o sufljlnktns
Ko nxlstnk
3>3-132:-]Q ]Q Dunktn5 Q.F. K.³ 3>3-132:-
Snrsokbh pbrjlbhfnktn nktrnkbmo, jokojn nh pnhl`ro, pnro ko tofb bjjlokns mn joktroh
Snrsokbh ko nktrnkbmo, ko jokojn nh pnhl`ro, ko tofb bjjlokns mn joktroh
Nxposljlúk bh rlns`o
ZNTNQLMBM (Joksnjunkjlb)
NZ]LFBJLÚK MNH KLTNH QLNZ@O @QBMO MN QLNZ@O
S^K]BEN
Bh fnkos ukb vnz bh bòo (s)
Hnslúk slk lkjbpbjlmbm (Z)
]rlvlbh (])
=
Nsporâmljbfnktn (ZO)
Mlsjokdort/ Lkjofomlmbm (ZO)
]ohnrbahn (]O)
Mn > b 7
Bh fnkos ukb vnz bh fns (Z)
Hnslúk jok lkjbpbjlmbm tnfporbh (Z)
Nvnktubhfnktn (ZO)
Mbòo b hb sbhum rnvnrslahn
Bh fnkos ukb vnz bh mæb (Z)
Hnslúk jok lkjbpbjlmbm pnrfbknktn (Z)
Snrfbknktnfnktn (ZO)
Mbòo b hb sbhum lrrnvnrslahn
Fomnrbmo (F)
Mn < b 24
Lfportbktn (LF)
Mn 20 b 1=
Lktohnrbahn (L])
Mn 1> b :4
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
1<
FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
B joktlkubjlúk, uk nenfpho mn fbtrlz mn lmnktldljbjlúk mn pnhl`ros y nvbhubjlúk mn rlns`os5 ]BAHB 2=. FOMNHO FB]QLU LSNQJ H B Q O A B H K Ú L
N M H Z O B Q ] M L K M O N J F
B K H Ú - Q Z L N B Q J B N B H ] M K Q S K Q F N B N N L ] ^ N S N F @ M O S S N
F H N
J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ]
Z N H O Q ] K O J N M Z B Æ ^ R Q B Q N E
Q B K L F L H N 2
K L Q N S ^ Z
:3 5 o s n j o r S
k ú l j b r o a b h N n m b g j n D
M B M L H L A B A O Q S
Z B ] Z N ^ S W N Z B K O Z Q N S N M N J L M K Æ
B
h b l j o Z o k h ú b l l j j o b k Z l k f ú o z k b M Q n
Z ^ Z
Q L ^ ] L ] Z ^ Z 1
L M J
M B J
B Æ Q N L K N @ K L N M H O Q ] K O J
H B K O Z Q N O S T L K ] B Ú L Q J ] J Z L N ] K L O F Q M S B N H M O O Q S ] L K ^ O R J N
:
O ] K K Ú N L L J F B L ] L M N J J B S O B Q S J N N M M N N J J L L M M K Æ K Æ
A
J
=
S N
>
K Ú L J L Z O S W N N M N J L M K Æ
) M + J + A + B ( M B M L H L A B A O Q S N M N J L M K Æ
M
S L
h , â n o r b r ` z b s l h l u n r b k r l t h b k n p o b j j s n l u s k m n h a r n b r l z n s k s o n n p b f u r o q n j b u d . n t o m a s b b n g k l m m o o v s l n e b t s b a j j b b o r k b K t n h
n r p . f o n l m b s h n o s t r r b k z o l h j b ì n t s r n n o m ` n s u p n l r m h b n m l o v m l t k j b b u b j H y
O T L ] B J O L D @ L Z K N @ L L Q Z
O T L O ] B K J O L D @ L Z K N @ L L Q Z
5 b n  r
Dunktn5 Nhbaorbjlúk Sroplb
Z N H O Q ] K O J N M B Æ ^ R Q B Q N E
M B J
W
L M J
W
Z ^ Z F H N O H N N @ Z T L M N L K Q
F L
6 - W L O B M Q M @ A B N B Z O M L T M N H L Q L N Q S A Z
2 1
L N Q M J L N N M M T B K N M Æ Z
:
M B M L H L A B A O Q S
) N M M M N A B B + M J + J L O L H A M Q L + S A B K Æ (
0
K O N Ú M L @ ) N J L Z N M L ( J L Z Q M O S H K W Æ N B
1
N B M L ] N J K ) Ú J J L B L ( M S J K B Æ J
2
N L M M O N N ] K ) A J J L O L N ( M Q K S F Æ
2
N Z Z B M B ] K Z ) N O N B J L Z ^ ( M Q S K N W Æ S N
:
O ] L H Z L B ^ @ R N N H Q
h 4 D b 2 = 1 > 3 < = 2 1 1 . . y 1 h Z . t < b M r < B 2
O @ Z N L Q
n - m o r o b o r l p t a r f n b r k n p n t l u B l f s f
O Q @ L H N S
- k n m b b s m b y s o f t o o m h t l j b l b h l h u n m r t u b k n u o r q q r r l o b ` r o u â t u n t s F n m ` s
N M O E O B ] A Q B N Q ^ ] S
n m k ì o l j r b b r f n h p B O
B N Q B ]
o m b t n u q l t N
M B M L T L ] J B
o g j b p s n M
µ K
2
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
7.1. Mnsbrrohho mn hb Fntomoho`æb sn`õk Q. F. K.³ 3>3-132:-]Q 7.1.2. Lmnktldljbjlúk mn pnhl`ros p nhl`ros
Sbrb rnbhlzbr hb lmnktldljbjlúk mn pnhl`ros, prlfnro sn mnan prnpbrb prnpbrbrr ukb hlstb mn tomos hos punstos mn trbabeo mn hb or`bklzbjlúk tofbkmo jofo rndnrnkjlb rndnrnkjlb hb Mnsjrlpjlúk y Bkâhlsls mn Sunstos. Nk sn`ukmo hu`br, sn mnan joktbr jok hb mnsjrlpjlúk mn hos projnsos promujtlvos promujtlv os mn hb or`bklzbjlúk. Sbrb jbmb punsto mn trbabeo, ns knjnsbrlo oatnknr lkdorfbjlúk > qun kos byumn b lmnktldljbr hos projnsos promujtlvos, promujtlvos, hbs bjtlvlmbmns y tbrnbs qun sn rnbhlzbk. Nstb lkdorfbjlúk mnan lkjhulr hbs bjtlvlmbmns y tbrnbs ko rutlkbrlbs mnh punsto mn trbabeo, bsæ jofo hbs sltubjlokns mn nfnr`nkjlb b hos qun sn nkjunktrb nxpunsto nh trbabebmor nk jbmb punsto mn trbabeo abeo bkâhlsls. Bmnfâs, pbrb hhnvbr b jbao hb lmnktldljbjlúk mn pnhl`ros, ns õtlh prn`uktbrsn ho sl`ulnktn5 l. ¿Nxlstn ukb dunktn mn mbòo? ll. ¿Rulìk (o quì) punmn snr mbòbmo? lll. ¿Júfo punmn ojurrlr nh mbòo? Nk nstb ntbpb, sn mnan lmnktldljbr hos pnhl`ros4 bsojlbmos b jbmb ukb mn hbs tbrnbs qun dorfbk pbrtn mn hbs bjtlvlmbmns por jbmb punsto mn trbabeo y hbs bjtlvlmbmns rutlkbrlbs y ko rutlkbrlbs.. Ns lfportbktn rnjokojnr hb knjnslmbm mn rnbhlzbr nstn projnso, nk joksuhtb jok hos trbabebmorns trbabebmorns qun sn mnsnfpnòbk nk jbmb punsto, nvbhubkmo y usbkmo nktrnvlstbs u oasnrvbjlokns sn`õk sn` õk sn rnqulnrb. B joktlkubjlúk, fostrbfos mos ntbpbs5 b) Fbpno mn projnsos
Sbrb rnbhlzbr nstn fbpno, sn mnan jokslmnrbr hos projnsos, bjtlvlmbmns, tbrnbs y nh punsto mn trbabeo.
>. Bknxo K.³ 2 Hlstb ko nxgbustlvb pbrb oatnknr hb lkdorfbjlúk rnqunrlmb. 4. Bknxo K.³ 1 Jbtn`orlzbjlúk mn pnhl`ros pbrb hhnvbr b jbao nh projnso mn lmnktldljbjlúk mn pnhl`ros
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
:2
FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
]BAHB 2>. FBSNO MN SQOJNZOZ MN ^KB BJ]LTLMBM
MNH ZNJ]OQ FLKNQO
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
:1
Dunktn5 Nhbaorbjlúk Sroplb
a) Lmnktldljbjlúk mn pnhl`ros
Nk nstb ntbpb sn mnan lmnktldljbr hos pnhl`ros nk jbmb ukb mn hbs tbrnbs9 hun`o, mnanrâ nvbhubrsn hos rlns`os por jbmb pnhl`ro lmnktldljbmo. B joktlkubjlúk, hb lmnktldljbjlúk jorrnspokmlnktn5 jorrnspokmlnktn5 ]BAHB 24. LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK
MN SNHL@QO SOQ ]BQNB
Dunktn5 Nhbaorbjlúk Sroplb
7.1.1. Nvbhubjlúk mn rlns`os y vbhorbjlúk 7.1.1.2. Nvbhubjlúk mn rlns`os
Nk nstb ntbpb, sn nvbhõbk y vbhorbk hos rlns`os mn jbmb pnhl`ro mntnjtbmo, pbrb ho jubh, sn punmn optbr por jubhqulnrb mn hbs fntomoho`æbs mn nstumlo mlspunstbs nk nh kufnrbh 7.2.9 Ko oastbktn, nk nstn jbso utlhlzbfos hb fntomoho`æb mnh kufnrbh 7.2.2.:.
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
7.1.1.1. Nstbahnjlflnkto mn hbs fnmlmbs mn joktroh
Hbs fnmlmbs mn prnvnk prnvnkjlúk jlúk y protnjjlúk sn bphljbk nk nh sl`ulnktn ormnk mn prlorlmbm05 b) Nhlflkbjlúk mn hos pnhl`ros y rlns`os. a) ]rbtbflnkto, joktroh joktroh o blshbflnkto mn hos pnhl`ros y rlns`os, bmoptbkmo fnmlmbs tìjkljbs o bmflklstrbtlvbs. j) Flklflzbr hos hos pnhl`ros pnhl`ros y rlns`os, bmoptbkmo slstnfbs mn trbabeo sn`uro qun lkjhuybk mlsposljlokns bmflklstrbtlvbs mn joktroh. m) Sro`rbfbr hb sustltujlúk pro`r pro`rnslvb nslvb y nk hb arnv arnvnmbm nmbm poslahn, mn hos projnmlflnktos, tìjkljbs, fnmlos, sustbkjlbs y promujtos pnhl`rosos. n) Nk õhtlfo jbso, dbjlhltbr dbjlhltbr nqulpos mn protnj protnjjlúk jlúk pnrsokbh bmnjubmos. Sor otro hbmo, hbs fnmlmbs mn joktroh sok75 • Joktroh mn Lk`nklnræb5 punmnk snr mnsmn nh beustn o fbktnklflnkto mn hb fbqulkbrlb, sustltujlúk mn hb tnjkoho`æb, blshbflnkto pbrjlbh mn hb dunktn por pbrnmns, nkjbpsuhbflnkto nkjbpsuhbflnkto mn hb dunktn, blshbflnkto mnh trbabebmor nk jbalkbs lksokorlzbmbs, rnjuarlflnkto mn tnjgos y pbrnmns por fbtnrlbh basoranktn mn okmbs sokorbs9 nktrn otrbs fnmlmbs mn lk`nklnræb. • Joktroh Or`bklzbtlvo5 fujgbs mn nstbs fnmlmbs sok mn ækmohn bmflklstrbtlvbs y nstâk mnstlkbmbs b hlfltbr nh tlnfpo mn nxposljlúk, kõfnro mn trbabebmorns nxpunstos, mnsjbksos nk bfalnktns bmnjubmos y rotbjlúk mn punstos, nk `rbk fnmlmb sn jokslmnrb hos bspnjtos hbaorbhns. • Joktroh nk nh ]rbabebmor5 ]rbabebmor5 sn dukmbfnktbk nk nh joktroh mnh rlns`o soarn nh gofarn, sn mnank prlorlzbr hbs fnmlmbs bktnrlorns, pnro nk ojbslokns sok hbs õkljbs fnmlmbs poslahns mn jufphlr. Nenfpho5 ^so mn nqulpos mn protnjjlúk pnrsokbh (NSS), jgnquno fìmljo nspnjlbhlzbmo, nmujbjlúk ojupbjlokbh y nxbfnk psljohú`ljo. 0. Brtæjuho 12, mn hb Hny 13-132:-]Q 3>3-132:-]Q..
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
::
FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
Bslflsfo, nktrn hbs fnmlmbs mn prnvnkjlúk mn hos rlns`os hbaorbhns qun sn punmnk bphljbr, nk jokjormbkjlb jok nh brtæjuho >3 mn hb HZZ], HZZ], sok hbs sl`ulnktns5 H B Q O A B H K Ú L
• @nstlúk mn hos rlns`os, slk nxj nxjnpjlúk, npjlúk, sn mnan mnan nhlflkbr nk su orl`nk y bphljbr slstnfbs mn joktroh nk bqunhhos qun ko sn punmbk nhlflkbr.
J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ]
• Nh mlsnòo mn hos punstos, bfalnktns, bfalnktns, snhnjjlúk snhnjjlúk mn nqulpos nqulpos y fìtomos mn trbabeo, hb btnkubjlúk mn hbaorns fokútokbs y rnpntltlvbs, tomo nsto mnank nstbr orlnktbmos b `brbktlzbr hb sbhum y sn`urlmbm mnh trbabebmor.
K L Q N S ^ Z
• Lktn`rbr hos phbkns phbkns y pro`rbfbs pro`rbfbs mn prnvnkjlúk prnvnkjlúk mn rlns`os hbaorbhns b hos kunvos jokojlflnktos mn hbs jlnkjlbs, tnjkoho`æbs, fnmlo bfalnktn, or`bklzbjlúk mnh trbabeo y nvbhubjlúk mn mnsnfpnòo nk absn b jokmljlokns mn trbabeo.
:=
• Nhlflkbr hbs sltubjlokns sltubjlokns y b`nktns pnhl`rosos pnhl`rosos nk nh jnktr jnktroo mn trbabeo o jok ojbslúk mnh flsfo y, sl ko dunrb poslahn, sustltulrhbs por otrbs qun nktrbònk fnkor pnhl`ro.
• Fbktnknr pohætljbs mn protnj protnjjlúk jlúk johnjtlvb n lkmlvlmubh. lkmlvlmubh. • Jbpbjltbr y nktrnkbr bktljlpbmb y mnalmbfnktn b hos trbabebmorns. Ns lfportbktn qun nk nstb ntbpb tbfalìk sn mndlkb hos rnspoksbahns y hos phbzos pbrb hb lfphnfnktbjlúk mn hbs fnmlmbs lmnktldljbmbs pbrb rnbhlzbr nh sn`ulflnkto s n`ulflnkto rnspnjtlvo. 7.1.:. Fneorb Joktlkub (Qlns`o Qnslmubh)
Jok nh dlk mn fneorbr nh mnsnfpnòo mnh Zlstnfb mn @nstlúk mn ZZ], ZZ], hb or`bklzbjlúk punmn optbr por jbhjuhbr nh rlns`o rnslmubh jok nkdoqun b hb fneorb joktlkub mn hb @nstlúk mn Qlns`os Hbaorbhns, y mn nstb fbknrb, jofproabr hb ndljbjlb mn hos joktrohns lfphnfnktbmos. Sbrb jbhjuhbr nh rlns`o rnslmubh, mnan5
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
2. Nstbahnjnr Nstbahnjnr uk pnrlomo mn tlnfpo nk nh jubh sn bjtubhlzbrâ bjtubhlzbrâ hb nvbhubjlúk mn hos rlns`os. 1. Jbhjuhbr kunvbfnkt kunvbfnktnn hos ækmljns. :. Jbhjuhbr hb proabalhlm proabalhlmbm. bm. =. Mntnrflkbr hb snvnrlmbm. >. Jbhjuhbr nh rlns`o rnslmubh, rnslmubh, fuhtlphljbkmo hb Sroabalhlmb Sroabalhlmbmm y hb hb Znvnrlmbm. Nhho pnrfltlrâ lmnktldljbr qun rlns`os gbk slmo s lmo joktrohbmos y juâhns ko, b dlk mn lfphnfnktbr fnmlmbs mn joktroh nstrljtbs o phbktnbr kunvos fìtomos mn lfphnfnktbjlúk lfphnfnktbjlúk.. Nstn projnso ns mn bphljbjlúk jæjhljb y mnan fbktnknrsn bjtubhlzbmo y utlhlzbrsn mn dorfb jokstbktn nk nh tlnfpo, jok hb dlkbhlmbm mn fneorbr joktlkubfnktn hb @nstlúk mn Qlns`os Hbaorbhns. B joktlkubjlúk, sn prnsnktbk hos jbfpos qun mnank b`rn`brsn bh fomnho mn hb fbtrlz mn Lmnktldljbjlúk mn Snhl`ros y Nvbhubjlúk mn Qlns`os5
B
A
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M
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ÆKMLJN MN ZNTNQLMBM
Dunktn5 Nhbaorbjlúk Sroplb
QLNZ@O 6 SQOABALHLMBM W ZNTNQLMBM
KLTNH MNH QLNZ@O QNZLM^BH
ENQBQR^ÆB MN JOK]QOHNZ NHF
J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
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]BAHB 20. JÂHJ^HO MNH QLNZ@O QNZLM^BH
SQOABALHLMBM
H B Q O A B H K Ú L
Z^Z
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JBM
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FNMLMBZ MN JOK]QOH B LFSHNFNK]BQ
FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
p h n H M y n 3 r n b ` b H s s t 3 h n r
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L M J Z ^ Z F H N
M B M L H L A B A O Q S
O ] H L B Z L @ ^ N R H N Q
O @ Z N L Q
k b o m ú v l b l o l v t t j ` o l l k t s k n n l f o o h h p p o f n x b r N r p
s o , - o t n t s b j r b p t k b t b s b l n k p o h r t f o k fl b o J j
s o t n t b z . j r l s b t b ` b k p r m o k n k o n J j
O Q @ L H N S
o t o v k l n l t l f t n l v p o n r F
b j b n t l t k r l u o â q j f â n t o F m u b
m b m l j l r t j n h N
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Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
Mntnrflkbjlúk mnh Klvnh mn Qlns`o5
• • • •
• • •
• •
•
Zn bkbhlzú hb Bjtlvlmbm ‘Jortn‖ / ]brnb ‘Nxtnkmlmo‖. Nh Snhl`ro ns fovlflnkto rnpntltlvo. Nh Qlns`o ns nxposljlúk prohok`bmb bh fovlflnkto rnpntltlvo. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro rnjubmro ‘Snrsokbs Nxpunstbs (B)‖5 Nk nh nkukjlbmo sn lmnktldljb qun gby : opnrbrlos mn jortn, por ho tbkto, mn bjunrmo b hb ]bahb K.³ 2:, sn mntnrflkb qun nh ækmljn ns 2, yb qun : pnrsokbs nxpunstbs sn nkjunktrbk mnktro mnh rbk`o mn 2 b :. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Srojnmlflnktos Nxlstnktns (A)‖5 Zn mntnrflkb nk hb ]bahb K.³ K. ³ 2: qun nh ækmljn ns 2 y qun hb tbrnb tlnkn projnmlflnktos mn trbabeo. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Jbpbjltbjlúk (J)‖5 Zn mntnrflkb jok nh uso mn hb ]bahb K.³ 2:, qun nh ækmljn ns :, nk dukjlúk qun hos trbabebmorns ko nstâk jbpbjltbmos. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro rnjubmro ‘Klvnh mn Nxposljlúk (KN)‖5 Zn mntnrflkb fnmlbktn hb ]bahb K.³ 2:, qun nh ækmljn ns :, nhho nk dukjlúk qun hb nxposljlúk sn rnbhlzb vbrlbs vnjns nk su eorkbmb hbaorbh. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Klvnh mn Sroabalhlmbm (KS)‖5 Zn sufbk hos ækmljns oatnklmos nk B, A, J y KN, oatnklnkmo 7 (2+2+:+:). Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Klvnh mn Znvnrlmbm (KZ)‖5 Zn mntnrflkb jok nh uso mn hb ]bahb K.³ 2:, qun nh ækmljn ns 1, yb qun nh mbòo promujlmo por hb nxposljlúk prohok`bmb bh fovlflnkto rnpntltlvo jbusbræb ukb hnslúk jok lkjbpbjlmbm tnfporbh. Nh Klvnh mn Qlns`o (KQ) sn oatlnkn fuhtlphljbkmo KS W KZ. Zl`ulnkmo jok nh bkâhlsls, nh KS ns 7 y nh KZ ns 1, bhjbkzbkmo uk vbhor mn KQ mn 24. Nh puktben sn nkjunktrb nk hb ]bahb K.³ 21 mnktro mnh rbk`o mn < b 24, slnkmo nh klvnh mn rlns`o Fomnrbmo (FO). Jok nstn mbto, utlhlzbfos hb ]bahb K.³ 22, y vnrldljbfos qun ns uk rlns`o Zl`kldljbtlvo, por ho jubh, sn rnjoflnkmb qun sn mnank gbjnr nsdunrzos pbrb rnmujlr nh rlns`o nk uk phbzo mntnrflkbmo, por nkmn, ns knjnsbrlo qun lfphnfnktnfos fnmlmbs jorrnjjlúk y prnvnkjlúk.
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
=2
FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
) M + J + A + B ( M B M L H L A B A O Q S N M N J L M K Æ
b l ` m l n n o t j m s b s o . b d b k s r ú s l v r p l o l u n b j t j k j u l j m p o u k f b n s s r n v ú l u b s r m n k b b k h k r s r n n u p o u b d r b n ` k m . l r p n p s ú b m a s l s . l r n r y o l l j j t b b k n t r s m j k t h k b o s u l b t r u n o j t r n m u j o k u o j o a n ` j s b s r p p b l n t n u b n h N f l r k L r d f J f l r d • • •
M B M L H L A B A O Q S
O H N N @ Z T L M N L K Q
O F
M B M 6 L M B L H M O L @ A Q Z B N N L A T N Q O Z Q W S
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s b æ o o o r h s r n h b n n . o n h ò h m j b u n m b o b b b q p k o j f p / r o r h k g t o j f y n b J b o f j
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o t o v k l n l t l t f l n v p o n F r
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o l b r s o b r k m b n n p n j O m
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b æ r b s y b ` n t k r b b o b ` ` j n m r m b j f r b b s r k j J n n m o f j
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M B
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FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
Mntnrflkbjlúk mnh Klvnh mn Qlns`o
b. Zn bkbhlzú hb Bjtlvlmbm ‘Nxtrbjjlúk mn promujtos‖ / ]brnb ‘Jbr`b y mnsjbr`b mn fnrjbmnræb jok foktbjbr`bs‖. H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
=4
a. Nh Snhl`ro ns fnrjbmnræb bhfbjnkbmb. bhfbjnkbmb. j. Nh ns jbæmb mn jbebs mnsmn bhturb u oaentos soarn Qlns`o lkdnrlorns. flnfaros m. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Snrsokbs Nxpunstbs (B)‖5 Nk nh nkukjlbmo sn lmnktldljb qun gby 2: opnrbrlos mn sbjbmo, por ho tbkto, mn bjunrmo b hb ]bahb K.³ 2:, sn mntnrflkb qun nh ækmljn ns :, yb qun 2: pnrsokbs nxpunstbs sn nkjunktrbk mnktro mnh rbk`o mn FÂZ MN 21. n. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Srojnmlflnktos Nxlstnktns (A)‖5 Zn mntnrflkb nk hb ]bahb K.³ K. ³ 2: qun nh ækmljn ns 2 y qun hb tbrnb tlnkn projnmlflnktos mn trbabeo. d. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Jbpbjltbjlúk (J)‖5 Zn mntnrflkb jok nh uso mn hb ]bahb K.³ 2:, qun nh ækmljn ns 2, nk dukjlúk qun hos trbabebmorns nstâk jbpbjltbmos. `. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Klvnh mn Nxposljlúk (KN)‖5 Zn mntnrflkb fnmlbktn hb ]bahb K.³ 2:, qun nh ækmljn ns :, nhho nk dukjlúk qun hb nxposljlúk sn rnbhlzb vbrlbs vnjns nk su eorkbmb hbaorbh. g. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Klvnh mn Sroabalhlmbm (KS)‖5 Zn sufbk hos ækmljns oatnklmos oatnklmos nk B, A, J y KN, oatnklnkmo 7 (:+2+2+:). l. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Klvnh mn Znvnrlmbm (KZ)‖5 Zn mntnrflkb jok nh uso mn hb ]bahb K.³ 2:, qun nh ækmljn ns 1, yb qun hos mbòos promujlmos por hb jbæmb mn jbebs mnsmn bhturb u oaentos soarn flnfaros lkdnrlorns jbusbræbk ukb hnslúk jok lkjbpbjlmbm tnfporbh. e. Nh Klvnh mn Qlns`o (KQ) sn oatlnkn fuhtlphljbkmo KS W KZ. Zl`ulnkmo jok nh bkâhlsls, nh KS ns 7 y nh KZ ns 1, bhjbkzbkmo uk vbhor mn KQ mn 24. Nh puktben sn nkjunktrb nk hb ]bahb K.³ 21 mnktro mnh rbk`o mn < b 24, slnkmo nh klvnh mn rlns`o Fomnrbmo (FO). Jok nstn mbto, utlhlzbfos hb ]bahb K.³ 22 y vnrldljbfos qun ns uk rlns`o Zl`kldljbtlvo, por ho jubh, sn rnjoflnkmb qun sn mnank gbjnrpor nsdunrzos rnmujlr nh nk uk phbzo mntnrflkbmo, nkmn, nspbrb knjnsbrlo qunrlns`o lfphnfnktnfos fnmlmbs jorrnjjlúk y prnvnkjlúk.
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
. Bknxo K.³ >5 Nenfpho : mn bphljbjlúk mnh projnso mn LSNQJ
Nh sl`ulnktn jbso prâjtljo ns mn ukb nfprnsb qun arlkmb nh snrvljlo mn `bhvbklzbmo mn zlkj nk jbhlnktn, mn hb jubh bkbhlzbrnfos nh projnso mn brfbmo qun dorfb pbrtn mn su projnso prlkjlpbh. Hb Nfprnsb Ulkjbmo Z.B. junktb jok 13 trbabebmor trbabebmorns ns nk nh proj projnso nso mn brfbmo, qulnkns tlnknk hb hbaor mn prnpbrbr nh fbtnrlbh fntâhljo bktns mn snr lk`rnsbmo b hb hæknb mn `bhvbklzbmo. Hbs bjtlvlmbmns qun sn rnbhlzbk nk nh projnso mn brfbmo ojurrnk mn hb sl`ulnktn fbknrb5 Zn jortbk tlrbs mn bhbfarns jok byumb mn ukb trokzbmorb, hun`o sn bfbrrbk nstos bhbfarns bh fbtnrlbh fntâhljo qun vb snr postnrlorfnktn `bhvbklzbmo, sn`ulmo mn nhho, hos nxtrnfos hlarns mn hos bhbfarns sok bfbrrbmo b hbs `bkjgnrbs pbrb hun`o snr lzbmbs y punstbs soarn nh vb`úk trbksportbmor, dlkbhfnktn sok trbksportbmbs b hb hæknb mn `bhvbklzbmo. Mnktro mn nstn projnso sn tlnkn hos sl`ulnktns punstos mn trbabeo5 opnrbrlo mn trokzbmo, opnrbrlo mn brfbmo y opnrbrlo mn lzben hos jubhns sok ojupbmos por 2, 20 y 1 trbabebmor trbabebmorns ns rnspnjtlvbfnktn. ]lnknk projnmlflnktos projnmlflnktos mn trbabeo y gbk rnjlalmo hb jbpbjltbjlúk jorrnspokmlnktn. @QÂDLJB Kµ >. MLB@QBFB MN SQOJNZO MN HB LKM^Z]QLB MN @BHTBKLUBMO
Qnjnpjlúk mnh fbtnrlbh
Brfbmo Mnsnk`rbsn Hlfplnzb por lkfnrslúk nk âjlmo @bhvbklzbmo por lkfnrslúk nk zlkj Mnsbrfbmo
]rbshbmo b bhfbjìk
Dunktn5 Nhbaorbjlúk Sroplb
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
=0
FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
@QÂDLJB Kµ 4. SQOJNZO
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L
Jortn mn bhbfarns
MN BQFBMO
Bfbrrn mn bhbfarns
Bfbrrn b hb `bkjgnrb
Lzben
]rbksportn
Dunktn5 Nhbaorbjlúk Sroplb
^kb vnz lmnktldljbmo nh projnso b nvbhubr, nk nh nenfpho ‘brfbmo‖, mnao lmnktldljbr hbs bjtlvlmbmns y tbrnbs qun sn rnbhlzbk murbktn nstn projnso b hbs jubhns hns bsojlú nh punsto mn trbabeo. Sunmn utlhlzbr hb sl`ulnktn tbahb pbrb rnsuflr hb lkdorfbjlúk oatnklmb5
J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
]BAHB 1=. FBSNO MN SQOJNZOZ (*) SQOJNZOZ
BJ]LTLMBMNZ
=7
]BQNBZ
S^NZ]OZ
Nkrohhbr bhbfarns Jortn mn bhbfarns
Bsn`urbr bhbfarns nk hb trokzbmorb
Opnrbrlo mn trokzbmo
Jortbr hos bhbfarns B`rupbr hos bhbfarns Bfbrrn mn bhbfarns
Brfbmo
]rnkzbr hos bhbfarns Bfbrrbr hos bhbfarns bh fbtnrlbh Opnrbrlo brfbmomn
Bfbrrn b hb `bkjgnrb (**) Lzben (***) ]rbksportn (****) Dunktn5 Nhbaorbjlúk Sroplb (*)5 Sor dlkns nxphljbtlvos súho sn mnsbrrohhú hbs bjtlvlmbmns ‘Jortn mn Bhbfarns y Bfbrrn mn Bhbfarns‖. Bhbfarns ‖. Zlk nfabr`o, pbrb hb punstb nk prâjtljb sn mnanrâ mnsbrrohhbr tombs hbs bjtlvlmb-
mns lmnktldljbmbs, nk nstn jbso (**), (***) y (****).
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
Zl`ulnkmo jok nh nenfpho, vbfos b bkbhlzbr hb bjtlvlmbm mn bfbrrn mn bhbfarns y hbs tbrnbs lmnktldljbmbs pbrb nstb bjtlvlmbm, pbrb gbhhbr hos pnhl`ros b hos qun sn nkjunktrbk nxpunstos hos trbabebmorns trbabebmor ns qun hb rnbhlzbk y sus rlns`os bsojlbmos. Nk nstb ntbpb pomnfos utlhlzbr jofo rndnrnkjlb hb jbtn`orlzbjlúk mn pnhl`ros mnh bknxo 1 mn hb prnsnktn `uæb pbrb dbjlhltbrkos hb lmnktldljbjlúk mn pnhl`ros. Mnh bkâhlsls bktnrlor bktnrlor,, oatnknfos ho sl`ulnktn5 ]BAHB 1>. LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK ]BQNB
B`rupbr hos bhbfarns
MN SNHL@QO SOQ ]BQNB
SNHL@QO
• Sosturb mn trbabeo. trbabeo. • Fbtnrlbh pukzo jortbktn. jortbktn.
QLNZ@O
• Sosturbs dorzbmbs o lkbmnjubmbs. lkbmnjubmbs. • Joktbjto jo jokk aormns flhosos y pukzbktns.
]rnkzbr hos
• Sosturb mn trbabeo. trbabeo.
• Sosturbs dorzbmbs o lkbmnjubmbs. lkbmnjubmbs.
bhbfarns
• Fbtnrlbh pukzo jortbktn. jortbktn.
• Joktbjto jok jok aormns flhosos y pukzbktns.
Bfbrrbr hos bhbfarns bh fbtnrlbh
• • • •
• Sosturbs dorzbmbs o lkbmnjubmbs. • Zoarnnsdunrzos. • Nxposljlúk b lkgbhbjlúk mn pbrtæjuhbs nk suspnkslúk. • Joktbjto jok aormns flhosos y pukzbktns.
Sosturb mn trbabeo. trbabeo. Fbklpuhbjlúk fbkubh mn jbr`bs. Srnsnkjlb mn pohvo y pbrtæjuhbs. Fbtnrlbh pukzo jortbktn jok prnsnkjlb mn úxlmo dnrroso.
Dunktn5 Nhbaorbjlúk Sroplb
Sbrb rnbhlzbr hb nvbhubjlúk mn rlns`os y su vbhorbjlúk, vbfos b bkbhlzbr hb tbrnb mn ‘Bfbrrbr hos bhbfarns bh fbtnrlbh‖. ^tlhlzbkmo hbs ]bahbs K.³ 7, < y 23, bktnrlorfnktn prnjlsbmo9 projnmnfos b rnbhlzbr hb hb nvbhubjlúk nvbhubjlúk jubktltbtlvb. jubktltbtlvb. ^kb vnz vbhorbmo vbhorbmo nh klvnh mn rlns`o rnspnjto b su tohnrbalhlmbm, projnmnfos b mntnrflkbr hbs fnmlmbs mn joktroh fâs ndljbjns pbrb hos rlns`os sl`kldljbtlvos. ^tlhlzbrnfos pbrb nhho hb ]bahb K.³ 2: Dorfbto LSNQJ mn nstb `uæb.
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
=<
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
Mntnrflkbjlúk mnh Klvnh mn Qlns`o
b. Zn bkbhlzú hb Bjtlvlmbm ‘ ‘Bfbrrn Bfbrrn mn Bhbfarns‖ / ]brnb ‘Bfbrrbr hos bhbfarns bh fbtnrlbh‖. a. Nh Snhl`ro ns prnsnkjlb mn pohvos y pbrtæjuhbs. j. Nh Qlns`o ns nxposljlúk b lkgbhbjlúk mn pbrtæjuhbs nk suspnkslúk. m. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Snrsokbs Nxpunstbs (B)‖5 Nk nh nkukjlbmo sn lmnktldljb qun gby 20 opnrbrlos mn brfbmo, por ho tbkto, mn bjunrmo b hb ]bahb K³ 2:, sn mntnrflkb qun nh ækmljn ns :, yb qun hbs 20 pnrsokbs nxpunstbs sn nkjunktrbk mnktro mnh rbk`o fâs mn 21. n. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Srojnmlflnktos Nxlstnktns (A)‖5 Zn mntnrflkb nk hb ]bahb K³ 2: qun nh ækmljn ns 2 y qun hb tbrnb tlnkn projnmlflnktos mn trbabeo. d. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Jbpbjltbjlúk (J)‖5 Zn mntnrflkb jok nh uso mn hb ]bahb K³ 2:, qun nh ækmljn ns 2, nk dukjlúk qun hos trbabebmorns nstâk jbpbjltbmos. `. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Klvnh mn Nxposljlúk (KN)‖5 Zn mntnrflkb fnmlbktn hb ]bahb K³ 2:, qun nh ækmljn ns :, nhho nk dukjlúk qun hb nxposljlúk sn rnbhlzb vbrlbs vnjns nk su eorkbmb hbaorbh. g. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Klvnh mn Sroabalhlmbm (KS)‖5 Zn sufbk hos ækmljns oatnklmos nk B, A, J y KN, oatnklnkmo 7 (:+2+2+:). l. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Klvnh mn Znvnrlmbm (KZ)‖5 Zn mntnrflkb jok nh uso mn hb ]bahb K³ 2:, qun nh ækmljn ns 2, yb qun nh mbòo promujlmo por hb nxposljlúk prohok`bmb bh fovlflnkto rnpntltlvo jbusbræb ukb hnslúk slk lkjbpbjlmbm. e. Nh Klvnh mn Qlns`o (KQ) sn oatlnkn fuhtlphljbkmo KS W KZ. Zl`ulnkmo jok nh bkâhlsls, nh KS ns 7 y nh KZ ns 2, bhjbkzbkmo uk vbhor mn KQ mn 7. Nh puktben sn nkjunktrb nk hb ]bahb K³ 21 mnktro mnh rbk`o mn > b 7, slnkmo nh klvnh mn rlns`o ]ohnrbahn
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
>2
FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
>1
(]O). Jok nstn mbto, utlhlzbfos hb ]bahb K³ 22, y vnrldljbfos qun ns uk rlns`o Ko Zl`kldljbtlvo, por ho jubh, ko sn knjnsltb fneorbr hb bjjlúk prnvnktlvb, slk nfabr`o, sn mnank jokslmnrbr sohujlokns fâs rnktbahns o fneorbs qun ko supok`bk ukb jbr`b njokúfljb lfportbktn. trbabebmorns rnspnjtlvbfnktn. Ko sn junktb jok projnmlflnktos mn sn`urlmbm y hos trbabebmorns gbk pbsbmo súho por ukb lkmujjlúk nk fbtnrlb mn sn`urlmbm y sbhum nk nh trbabeo.
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
@QÂDLJB Kµ 0. MLB@QBFB
MN SQOJNZO MN HB LKM^Z]QLB MN SNZJB LKM^Z]QLBH Kbvn`bjlúk b zokb mn pnsjb H B Q O A B H K Ú L
Brrlbmo
J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L
Brrbstrn o pnsjb Tlrbmo
J B K B L
Lzbmo mn pnsjb Znhnjjlokbmo
J K N M K N ]
Nstlab y prnvnkjlúk
K L Q N S ^ Z
>:
Kbvn`bjlúk b punrto Mnjbr`b b funhhn
Dunktn5 Nhbaorbjlúk Sroplb
@QÂDLJB Kµ 7. SQOJNZO MN LUBMO MN SNZJB
Nk`bkjgn y mnsnk`bkjgn mn bklhhbs
Tlrbmo y bmuebmo mn hb rnm mn pnsjb y nh jbhor mn jortn
Dunktn5 Nhbaorbjlúk Sroplb
Lzbmo mn hb aohb mn pnsjb
Hlanrbjlúk mn hb jbpturb
FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
^kb vnz lmnktldljbmo nh projnso b nvbhubr, nk nh nenfpho ‘Lzbmo mn Snsjb‖, mnao lmnktldljbr hbs bjtlvlmbmns y tbrnbs qun sn rnbhlzbk murbktn nstn projnso b hbs jubhns hns bsojlú nh punsto mn trbabeo. Sunmn utlhlzbr hb sl`ulnktn tbahb pbrb rnsuflr hb lkdorfbjlúk oatnklmb5 H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L
]BAHB 10. FBSNO MN SQOJNZOZ SQOJNZOZ
>=
]BQNBZ
Nk`bkjgn y mnsnk`bkjgn mn bklhhbs
Lzbmo mn Snsjb
J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
BJ]LTLMBMNZ
S^NZ]OZ
Hlanrbr nh nk`bkjgn mnh jbahn mn jortn Nk`bkjgbr nh jbahn mn lzbmo
Opnrbrlo fbqulklstb
Tlrbmo y bmuebmo mn hb rnm Tlrbr nh wlkjgn mn rnm mn pnsjb y nh jbao mn jortn Brrlbr nh wlkjgn mn lzbmo Lzbmo mn hb aohb mn pnsjb
Nhnvbr nh jopo o hb aohb mn pnsjb Sosljlokbr hb aohb mn pnsjb soarn hb tbpb mnh aukinr o jofpbrtlflnkto
Opnrbrlo mn lzben
Hlanrbjlú Hlan rbjlúkk mn hb jbptur jbpturbb
Mnsb Mn sbtb tbrr nh nh kum kumoo pbr pbrbb bpn bpnrt rtur urbb mn mn hb ao aohb hb mn mnhh jopo jopo..
Opnrbrlo mn pnsjb
Dunktn5 Nhbaorbjlúk Sroplb
Zl`ulnkmo jok nh nenfpho, vbfos b bkbhlzbr hb bjtlvlmbm mn ‘Lzbmo mn hb aohb mn pnsjb‖ y hbs tbrnbs lmnktldljbmbs pbrb nstb bjtlvlmbm, pbrb gbhhbr hos pnhl`ros b hos qun sn nkjunktrbk nxpunstos hos trbabebmorns trbabebmor ns qun hb rnbhlzbk y sus rlns`os bsojlbmos. Nk nstb ntbpb pomnfos utlhlzbr jofo rndnrnkjlb hb jbtn`orlzbjlúk mn pnhl`ros mnh bknxo 1 mn hb prnsnktn `uæb pbrb dbjlhltbrkos hb lmnktldljbjlúk mn pnhl`ros. Mnh bkâhlsls bktnrlor bktnrlor,, oatnknfos ho sl`ulnktn5 ]BAHB 17. LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK ]BQNB
Nhnvbr o lzbr nh jopo o hb aohb mn pnsjb
MN SNHL@QO SOQ ]BQNB
SNHL@QO • Slso mn hb jualnrtb rnsabhbmlzo. • Abhbkjno mn hb aohb suspnkmlmb suspnkmlmb nk nh blrn (pnsjb). • Qulmo promujlmo por nh fotor mn hb nfabrjbjlúk. • Qbmlbjlúk sohbr sohbr..
• Jofpunrtbs mnh aukinr aukinr balnrtbs. Sosljlokbr hb aohb • Sosturb mn trbabeo. mn pnsjb soarn hb • Qulmo promujlmo por nh fotor mn hb tbpb mnh aukinr o nfabrjbjlúk. jofpbrtlflnkto • Qbmlbjlúk sohbr sohbr..
Dunktn5 Nhbaorbjlúk Sroplb
QLNZ@O • Jbæmb bh flsfo y b mldnrnktn klvnh. • @ohpns, bphbstbflnkto. • Zoarnnxposljlúk b bhtos klvnhns mn rulmo. • Nxposljlúk b rbmlbjlúk sohbr. sohbr. • Jbæmb b mldnrnktn klvnh. • Sosturbs dorzbmbs n lkbmnjubmbs. • Zoarnnxposljlúk b bhtos klvnhns mn rulmo. • Nxposljlúk b rbmlbjlúk sohbr. sohbr.
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
Sbrb rnbhlzbr hb nvbhubjlúk mn rlns`os y su vbhorbjlúk, vbfos b bkbhlzbr hb tbrnb mn ‘nhnvbr o lzbr nh jopo o aohb mn pnsjb‖. ^tlhlzbkmo hbs ]bahbs K.³ 7, < y 23, bktnrlorfnktn prnjlsbmo9 projnmnfos b rnbhlzbr hb hb nvbhubjlúk nvbhubjlúk jubktltbtlvb. jubktltbtlvb. ^kb vnz vbhorbmo vbhorbmo nh klvnh mn rlns`o rnspnjto b su tohnrbalhlmbm, projnmnfos b mntnrflkbr hbs fnmlmbs mn joktroh fâs ndljbjns pbrb hos rlns`os sl`kldljbtlvos. ^tlhlzbrnfos pbrb nhho hb ]bahb K.³ 2: Dorfbto LSNQJ mn nstb `uæb. Qlns`o Qnslmubh
Sbrb nstn õhtlfo nenfpho, sn jbhjuhbrâ nh Qlns`o Qnslmubh tofbkmo tofbkmo nk junktb qun hbs fnmlmbs mn joktroh sn gbk jufphlmo mn dorfb ndnjtlvb.
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
>>
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
Mntnrflkbjlúk mnh Klvnh mn Qlns`o
b. Zn bkbhlzú hb Bjtlvlmbm ‘Lzbmo mn Snsjb‖ / ]brnb ‘Nhnvbr o lzbr nh jopo o hb aohb mn pnsjb‖. a. Nh Snhl`ro ns plso mn hb jualnrtb rnsabhbmlzo. j. Nh Qlns`o ns jbæmb b mldnrnktn klvnh (bh b`ub). m. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Snrsokbs Nxpunstbs (B)‖5 Nk nh nkukjlbmo sn lmnktldljb qun gby > opnrbrlos mn lzbmo mn pnsjb, por ho tbkto, mn bjunrmo b hb ]bahb K³ 2:, sn mntnrflkb qun nh ækmljn ns 1, yb qun hbs > pnrsokbs nxpunstbs sn nkjunktrbk mnktro mnh rbk`o mn = b 21. n. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Srojnmlflnktos Nxlstnktns (A)‖5 Zn mntnrflkb nk hb ]bahb K³ 2: qun nh ækmljn ns : y qun hb tbrnb tlnkn projnmlflnktos mn trbabeo. d. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Jbpbjltbjlúk (J)‖5 Zn mntnrflkb jok nh uso mn hb ]bahb K³ 2:, qun nh ækmljn ns 1, nk dukjlúk qun hos trbabebmorns nstâk jbpbjltbmos. `. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Klvnh mn Nxposljlúk (KN)‖5 Zn mntnrflkb fnmlbktn hb ]bahb K³ 2:, qun nh ækmljn ns 1, nhho nk dukjlúk qun hb nxposljlúk sn rnbhlzb nvnktubhfnktn nk su eorkbmb hbaorbh. g. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Klvnh mn Sroabalhlmbm (KS)‖5 Zn sufbk hos ækmljns oatnklmos nk B, A, J y KN, oatnklnkmo < (1+:+1+1). l. Sbrb nh hhnkbmo mnh rnjubmro ‘Klvnh mn Znvnrlmbm (KZ)‖5 Zn mntnrflkb jok nh uso mn hb ]bahb K³ 2:, qun nh ækmljn ns 1, yb qun nh mbòo promujlmo por hb jbæmb b mldnrnktn klvnh jbusbræb ukb hnslúk jok lkjbpbjlmbm pnrfbknktn o hb funrtn. e. Nh Klvnh mn Qlns`o (KQ) sn oatlnkn fuhtlphljbkmo KS W KZ. Zl`ulnkmo jok nh bkâhlsls, nh KS ns < y nh KZ ns 1, bhjbkzbkmo uk vbhor mn KQ mn 27. Nh puktben sn nkjunktrb nk hb ]bahb K³ 21 mnktro mnh rbk`o mn 20 b 1=, slnkmo nh klvnh mn rlns`o Lfportbktn
H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
>0
FBK^BH SBQB HB LMNK]LDLJBJLÚK MN SNHL@QOZ, NTBH^BJLÚK MN QLNZ@OZ \ MN]NQFLKBJLÚK MN JOK]QOHNZ (LSNQJ)
(LF). Jok nstn nstn mbto, utlhlzbfos hb ]bahb K³ K ³ 22 y vnrldljbfos qun ns uk rlns`o Zl`kldljbtlvo, por ho jubh, ko mnan jofnkzbrsn nh trbabeo gbstb qun sn gbyb rnmujlmo rnmujlmo nh rlns`o y sn mnank bsl`kbr rnjursos jokslmnrbahns pbrb joktrohbrho. H B Q O A B H K Ú L J B U L H B J Z L D N M H B K O L
]BAHB :3. QLNZ@O QNZLM^BH SQOABALHLMBM Kµ
2
ÆKMLJN MN SNQZOKBZ NWS^NZ]BZ (B)
1
ÆKMLJN MN SQOJNMLFLNK]O (A)
2
ÆKMLJN MN JBSBJL]BJLÚK (J)
2
ENQBQR^ÆB MN JOK]QOHNZ
ÆKMLJN MN NWSOZLJLÚK BH QLNZ@O (M)
1
ÆKMLJN MN SQOABALHLMBM (B+A+J+M)
>
ÆKMLJN MN ZNTNQLMBM
1
QLNZ@O 6 SQOABALHLMBM W ZNTNQLMBM
23
KLTNH MN QLNZ@O
FO
FNMLMBZ MN JOK]QOH NHF
Z^Z
JML
J BM
W
N SS
W
• Fbktnknr nh ormnk y hlfplnzb nk nh hu`br mn trbabeo. • Jufphlr jok hos projnmlflnktos mn trbabeo sn`uro. • Qnbhlzbr rnnktrnkbflnktos bh pnrsokbh nk prnvnkjlúk mn jbæmbs. • ^so mn NSSs bmnjubmos5 aotbs bktlmnshlzbktns.
W
• Fbktnknr nh ormnk y hlfplnzb nk nh hu`br mn trbabeo. • Jufphlr jok hos projnmlflnktos mn trbabeo sn`uro. • Qnbhlzbr rnnktrnkbflnktos nk nh uso mn nqulpos mn sbhvbfnkto y prlfnros buxlhlos. • ^so mn NSSs bmnjubmos5 aotbs bktlmnshlzbktns y nqulpos mn bkjhben o rnstrljjlúk mn fovlflnkto (prnvnklr jbæmbs bh fbr)
W
• Qnbhlzbr hb lkspnjjlúk mnh nqulpo mn lzbmo y sofntnrhos b prunab bktns mn usbrho. • Qnbhlzbr fbktnklflnkto pnrlúmljo (nk`rbsn). • ^so mn NSSZ5 `ubktns mn fbkloarbs.
J B K B L J K N M K N ] K L Q N S ^ Z
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• Jbpbjltbr mn dorfb pnrlúmljb soarn joksnrvbjlúk bumltlvb. • Jufphlr jok hos projnmlflnktos mn =
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Dunktn5 Nhbaorbjlúk Sroplb
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trbabeo sn`uro. • Qnbhlzbr fokltorno mn rulmo pnrlúmljos. • Qnbhlzbr nh fbktnklflnkto prnvnktlvo mn hos nqulpos (fotor). • ^so mn NSSZ5 protnjjlúk bumltlvb. • Jufphlr jok hos projnmlflnktos mn trbabeo sn`uro. • Jbpbjltbr soarn nh rlns`o y joksnjunkjlbs mn hb nxposljlúk sohbr prohok`bmb. • ^so mn ahoqunbmor sohbr.
Z^SNQLK]NKMNKJLB KBJLOKBH MN DLZJBHLUBJLÚK HBAOQBH
Jban prnjlsbr, por dlkns mlmâjtljos nstb drbjjlúk mn tbahb, gb snjjlokbmb mn hb tbahb K.³ 1
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