Manual General Norklan 2012 - Gabinete Con Test Minero

 

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KY/YQ   /YQ KY  /YQ 9555

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USHI@KFJF@G[HY IHG UOSOJ@[SHY K@ @TOBPOIFHG

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FGKFI@

Êgkfi`. Cf`gv`gfko Fgfifogkh `b prhmrojo

K`sirfpifùg k` Opbfioifùg> Uorïj`trhs - Urhi`kfjf`gths

?.- [`st k` Uugt`okh k` Boay 3.- [`st k` Uobogio k` Boay  

9.- [`st k` S`oiifùg k` Boay

h

S`oitfj`trh sfjpb`

;.- [`st Urhcokhr k` Tfsfùg 0.- [`st k` Oukfifùg 4.- [`st Ot`gifhg Ihgi`gtroko Ihgi`gtroko y S`sfst`gifo S`sfst`gifo o bo Jhghthgêo =.- [`st S`oiifhg`s Jþbtfpb`s h Ihjpu`sth 1.- [`st T`bhifkok k` Ogtfifpoifùg Ogtfifpoifùg  6.- [`st Ihhrkfgoifùg Cfjoguob Yfjpb` ?5.- [`st Ihhrkfgoifùg Cfjoguob Cfjoguob Ihjpu`sth

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Fgfifogkh `b prhmrojo 

Bo prfj`ro v`z qu` fgmr`s`jhs ob sfst`jo Ghrlbog, ghs shbfiftorïg ugo ibov`, bo iuob phr k`d`ith `sto osfmgokh ihjh usuorfh boc y su ihgtros`ÿo `s ?. @sto iu`gto shbh s` k`c` hiupoko poro bo ihgdfmuror fgfifob k` usuorfhs.

*Bhs koths `gtr`mokhs k`c`g s`r fgmr`sokh `g `sto v`gtogo, bh iuob vobfko vobfko gu`strh fgmr`sh fgfifob. fgfifob.

Pgo v`z fgmr`sokos bos ibov`s k` oii`sh, pubsojhs shcr` bo hpifùg, Ihg`itor, conh `sto oiifùg s` k`spb`moro bo v`gtogo prfgifpob, bo iuob `stï ihgdhrjoko phr khs `n`s v`rtfiob`s k` chthg`s, K`r`iah ` Fzquf`rkh jïs bo port` i`gtrob qu` fgdhrjo shcr` `b `xoj`g qu` s` `sto r`obfzogkh.

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K@YISFUIFHG HUIFHG@Y UOSO FGFIFOS USHI@YH K@ K @ @TOBPOIFHG GP@TH> Ghs ocrfrï bo Hpifùg poro fgmr`sor ug gu`vh phstubogt` ob sfst`jo k` `vobuoifùg. IOSMOS> Ghs ocrfrï bo Hpifùg ir`or dfiao k` `vobuoifùg, o bo v`z k`gtrh k` `st` iuokrh k` kfobhmh, ghs p`rjft` ihgstotor, sf>

-. Ir`or gu`vh `xoj`g h dfiao k` `vobuoifùg.

(Y` k`spb`moro bo dfiao k`b poif`gt`, k`c`rï oghtors` thko bo

fgdhrjoifùg r`sp`itfvo.

-. @xfst` `b Uoif`gt` h @vobuokh -. @stokh k` k`sorrhbbh k` su @vobuoifùg, sf `sto s` fgt`rrujpfù, y prhs`mufr.

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?.- [`st k` Uugt`okh>  Ghs ocrfrï bo v`gtogo ihrr`sphgkf`gt` poro r`ifcfr bhs koths k` bo `vobuoifùg `g iursh, k`sk` gu`strh `qufph ` qufph Usfihtæigfih.

3.- [`st k` Uobogio> Ghs ocrfrï bo v`gtogo ihrr`sphgkf`gt` poro r`ifcfr bhs koths k` bo `vobuoifùg `g iursh, k`sk` gu`strh gu`str h `qufph Usfihtæigfih.

9.- [`st k` k` S`oiifùg> Ghs ocrfrï bo v`gtogo ihrr`sphgkf`gt` poro r`ifcfr bhs koths k` bo `vobuoifùg `g iursh, k`sk` gu`strh `qufph Usfihtæigfih, r`sp`itfvh ob j`gifhgokh [`st.

;.- [`st k` Tfsfùg>  Ghs ocrfrï bo v`gtogo ihrr`sphgkf`gt` poro k`sorrhbbor y `vobuor bhs koths r`ifcfkhs k` gu`stro `vobuoifùg, j`kfogt` gu`strh `qufph.

0.- [`st k` Oukfifùg> Ghs ocrfrï bo v`gtogo ihrr`sphgkf`gt` poro k`sorrhbbor y `vobuor bhs koths r`ifcfkhs k` gu`stro `vobuoifùg, j`kfogt` gu`strh `qufph..

4.- [`st Ot`gifhg Ihgi`gtroko y S`sfst`gifo o bo Jhghthgêo>   Ghs ocrfrï bo v`gtogo ihrr`sphgkf`gt` poro k`sorrhbbor y `vobuor bhs koths r`ifcfkhs k` gu`stro `vobuoifùg, j`kfogt` gu`strh `qufph.

=.- [`st k` S`oiifhg`s Jþbtfpb`s h Ihjpu`sth>  Ghs ocrfrï bo v`gtogo ihrr`sphgkf`gt` poro k`sorrhbbor y `vobuor bhs koths r`ifcfkhs k` gu`stro `vobuoifùg, j`kfogt` gu`strh `qufph.

1.- [`st k` T`bhifkok k` Ogtfifpoifùg>  Ghs ocrfrï bo v`gtogo ihrr`sphgkf`gt` poro k`sorrhbbor y `vobuor bhs koths r`ifcfkhs k` gu`stro `vobuoifùg, ` vobuoifùg, j`kfogt` gu`strh `qufph.

6.- [`st k` Ihhrkfgoifùg Cfjoguob Yfjpb` y Ihjpu`sth>  Ghs ocrfrï bo v`gtogo ihrr`sphgkf`gt` poro k`sorrhbbor y `vobuor bhs koths r`ifcfkhs r` ifcfkhs k` gu`stro `vobuoifùg, j`kfogt` gu`strh `qufph.

?5.- I`rtfdfior>  Ghs ocrfrï bo v`gtogo ihrr`sphgkf`gt` poro kor if`rr` ob `xoj`g oituob, p`rjftfægkhghs oprhcor h S`prhcor ob phstubogt`.

??.- Fgdhrj` Oituob> Ghs ocrfrï bo v`gtogo ihrr`sphgkf`gt` ihrr` sphgkf`gt` poro bo fjpr`sfùg k`b `xoj`g oituob. ?3.- Fgdhrj` Afstùrfih> Ghs ocrfrï bo v`gtogo ihrr`sphgkf`gt` poro bo cþsqu`ko ` fjpr`sfùg k` bhs `xïj`g`s r`obfzokhs `g `b `qufph.

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K@YISFUIFHG HUIFHG@Y K@ OKJFGFY[SOIFHG Iobfcroifùg> Ghs p`rjft` onustor `b pu`rth k` `gtroko k` s`ÿob poro ioko `xoj`g. Ihgdfmuroifùg>  Ghs p`rjft` `kftor y ihgdfmuror bhs koths k` bo @JUS@YO @QOJFGOKHSO ihjh tojcfæg bo ihgdfmuroifùg prhpfo k` gu`strh sfst`jo. Osê tojcfæg bhs b hs `vobuokhr`s. Bos hpifhg`s shg>

@vobuokhr`s> Ghs p`rjft` omr`mor y `kftor ugo gu`vo p`rshgo `g iobfkok k` `xojfgokhro iobfdfioko poro r`obfzor `vobuoifhg`s Usfihtæigfios.

S`suj`g> Fgdhrj` `stokêstfih k`b sfst`jo. @kftor @jpr`so> Ghs p`rjft` `kftor bo `jpr`so ` jpr`so `vobuokhro. Bhm> Yfst`jo k` s`murfkok qu` r`mfstro r `mfstro bhs jhvfjf`gths k` koths `g `b sfst`jo.

S`spobkor> Ghs p`rjft` bb`vor o ioch ug r`spobkh `g bo cos` k` koths, bh iuob ihjpr`gk` r`mfstror y muorkor, thko bo fgdhrjoifùg f gdhrjoifùg `g gu`strh sfst`jo k` r`spobkh.

Pcfioifùg>  Ghs p`rjft` m`h bhiobfzor joguobj`gt` gu`strh sfst`jo, iuogkh `b MUY gh `sto fgihrphrokh.

Dfgobfzor> Ghs p`rjft` dfgobfzor `b prhmrojo y vhbv`r o ]fgkhws.

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K`sirfpifùg k` [`st UYFIH[ÆIGFIHY. ?) [`st k` Uugt`okh k` Boay Hcn`tfvh [f`g` phr hcn`tfvh k`t`rjfgor bo iopoifkok psfihjhthro, jfkf`gkh su aocfbfkok poro `stocb`i`r ugo r`oiifùg ihgtrhboko y ihhrkfgoko, ogt` ug `stfjubh qu` hiurr` sfst`jïtfioj`gt` o ugo k`t`rjfgoko v`bhifkok. v`bhifkok. [`gf`gkh `g iu`gto qu` `b `xojfgokh k`c` jogt`g`r `b ihgtrhb ihgtrhb shcr` su r`oiifùg sfg pr`ifpftors`, iujpbf`gkh bo tor`o osfmgoko, -

Ihgtrhb k` Ihgi`gtroifùg

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Ihhrkfgoifùg Tfshjhthro

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S`sfst`gifo o bo Jhghthgêo

K`sirfpifùg k`b `qufph @b t`st k` Uugt`okh Ihgsfst` `g ugo ugfkok ihjpoito kfspu`sto `g `b ju`cb` prfgifpob. @sto ugfkok tf`g` khs ihjphg`gt`s prfgifpob`s, Pgo Cos` k` oi`rh FGHQ OFYF 95; `g iuyh kfs`ÿh `stïg osfmgoko `qufkfstogt`j`gt`, tr`s p`rdhroifhg`s `g ug Ogmubh k` ?35¾ , Yhcr` bo iuob mfro ug kfsih oiifhgokh phr ug jhthr iuyo v`bhifkok `s k` 95 r.p.j. iuyh kfs`ÿh tf`g` ugo op`rturo rokfob p`rfdærfio, bo qu` tf`g` ihjh hcn`tfvh, fr k`siucrf`gkh `g su troy`ithrfo ifriubor, ugo k` `stos p`rdhroifhg`s, obt`rgotfvoj`gt`, qu` s` `giu`gtrog `g bo cos`, `stos `g su fgt`rfhr tf`g`g ug ihgtoith, qu` ghs p`rjft` j`kfr bo v`bhifkok k` oif`rths, p`rjog`gifos `g r`boifùg r`boifùg o bo `n`iuifùg k`b t`st, y `rrhr k`b `xojfgokh, iuogkh `st` gh oif`rto `b hcn`tfvh osfmgokh h tor`o o r`obfzor. Jf`gtros `sto `g jhvfjf`gth `st` sfst`jo.

[or`o>  bhmror phr j`kfh k` ug pugt`rh `b`itrùgfih, prhkuifr ihgtoiths os`rtfvoj`gt`, `g tr`s p`rdhroifhg`s qu` s` k`siucrfrïg, obt`rgotfvoj`gt`. @g ug tf`jph osfmgokh. osfmgokh.

Uorïj`trhs k` @vobuoifùg. Y` `vobþo bo iogtfkok k` oif`rths, p`rjog`gifo `g `b oif`rth y bo iogtfkok k` `rrhr`s, `g ug tf`jph k`t`rjfgokh.

Oif`rth> @s bo iogtfkok k` ihgtoiths phsftfvhs obiogzokh s`mþg r`mfstrh r `mfstrh k` shdtwor` @rrhr`s> @s bo iogtfkok k` ihgtoiths g`motfvhs, obiogzokh s`mþg r`mfstrh k` shdtwor`. U`rjog`gifo> @s `b tf`jph oiujubotfvh ihgtocfbfzokh k` p`rjog`gifo k` thkhs bhs oif`rths. [f`jph @xoj`g> @s `b tf`jph tf`jph osfmgokh, poro poro `b t`st. @sto `stogkorfzokh o 95 Y`mugkhs.

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Ghrjos poro Oprhcoifùg ?)  Oif`rths, jêgfjh k`c`g s`r 3;. 3)  @rrhr`s qu` ihjh jïxfjh k`c`g s`r 39. 9)  U`rjog`gifo `g `b oif`rth ; Y`mugkhs

;)  [f`jph k` `vobuoifùg, 95 s`mugkhs.

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3) [`st k` pobogio k` boay Hcn`tfvh [f`g` phr hcn`tfvh k`t`rjfgor bo iopoifkok Usfihjhthro, y jhtrfifkok dfgo, jfkf`gkh su aocfbfkok poro `stocb`i`r ugo r`oiifùg ihgtrhboko y ihhrkfgoko, Cfjoguob ogt` ug `stfjubh trozokh, h tor`o o r`obfzor, k`spbozogkh sfst`jïtfioj`gt` ug trozokhr o ugo k`t`rjfgoko v`bhifkok. Uhr ug iojfgh pr` pr` k`t`rjfgokh, [`gf`gkh `g iu`gto qu` bhs v`ithr`s k`b `xoj`g shg> tf`jph k` troconh, `rrhr`s, tf`jph k` p`rjog`gifo `g `rrhr. K`c` jogt`g`r `b ihgtrhb shcr` su r`oiifùg ob k`spbozojf`gth. -

Ihgtrhb k` bo ihhrkfgoifùg Cfjoguob

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T`bhifkok k` rozhgojf`gth

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Ihhrkfgoifùg Tfshjhthro

K`sirfpifùg k`b `qufph @b sfst`jo `sto ihgdhrjokh phr khs port`s prfgifpob`s. Pgo cos` k` oi`rh FGHQ OFYF 95; `g bo iuob s` k`sirfc` ugo tor`o o r`obfzor j`kfogt` ug iojfgh trozokh o s`mufr. V shcr` `sto pboio k` oi`rh, s` `giu`gtro kfspu`sto kfspu`sto ugo tfn`ro dhrjoko phr 3 crozhs k` obujfgfh, obujfgfh, joyhr`s, Dfnokhs Dfnokhs y ogibokhs ogibokhs `g ug `xtr`jh phr ug shphrt` shphrt` k` oi`rh ?535, ?535, pfvhtogt` ahrfzhgtobj`gt`, ahrfzhgtobj`gt`, `b iuob ghs p`rjft` bo op`rturo, if`rr` y k`spbozojf`gth hsifbogt` ahrfzhgtob, k` `sths khs crozhs h jogfv`bos, p`rjftf`gkh, k`spbozor khs crozhs fgt`rghs j`ghr`s, ogibokhs o `sths `g ug `xtr`jh k` ihgtoith, `sths o su v`z ogibokhs `gtr` sf phr ug ug `xtr`jh ihjþg o ug posokhr k` crhgi`, pfvhtogt` pfvhtogt` ahrfzhgtobj`gt`, `g iuyh iu`rph s` k`sirfc` ug hrfdfih, khgk` s` `giu`gtro ug trozokhr dbhtogt`, k` oi`rh i`j`gtokh , iuyo jfsfùg `s k`sirfcfr bo troy`ithrfo fjpu`sto phr `b hp`rokhr h `xojfgokh k` `sths khs crozhs joyhr`s. O ugo k`t`rjfgoko troy`ithrfo ugfkfr`iifhgob y v`bhifkok shbfiftoko ihjh tf`jph jïxfjh k` `n`iuifùg. `n`i uifùg.

[or`o> bhmror phr j`kfh k` khs ihjogkhs h jogfv`bos hp`ror bhs crozhs hsifbogt`s k` `st` t`st, p`rjftf`gkh hp`ror ug pugt`rh `b`itrùgfih h trozokhr, qu` k`c` k`spbozors`, k`gtrh k` ug iojfgh, k`sk` ug pugth fgfifob, o ug pugth dfgob, sfmuf`gkh df`bj`gt` bo troy`ithrfo pr`kfspu`sto, sfg prhkuifr ihgtoiths g`motfvhs h k`schrk`s ob `n`iutor `sto tor`o, `g `st` iojfgh trozokh, k` prhkuifrs` k`siorrfbojf`gth h k`schrk`s, k`c`rï ihrr`mfr su troy`ithrfo fgj`kfotoj`gt`, `giousogkh `b trozokhr, poro s`mufr su tor`o osfmgoko, `g ug tf`jph tf`j ph osfmgokh.

Uorïj`trhs k` @vobuoifùg. [f`jph k` troy`ithrfo, iogtfkok k` `rrhr`s, tf`jph k` p`rjog`gifo `g `b `rrhr.

[f`jph> [f`jph qu` k`jhro `b `xojfgokh `g r`ihrr`r `b iojfgh k`b fgfifh ob dfgob k`b troy`ith. @rrhr`s> Y` ihgsfk`rokh iuogkh `b iurshr sob` k`b iojfgh k`bfg`okh. 6

 

U`rjog`gifo `g @rrhr> @s `b tf`jph oiujubotfvh qu` k`jhro `b `xojfgokh `g r`oiifhgor k`sk` qu` ihj`t` `b `rrhr aosto qu` vu`bv` ob iojfgh k`bfg`okh.

Ghrjo poro oprhcoifùg ?)  @rrhr`s, Jïxfjh ?3 3)  [f`jph, Jïxfjh 45 Y`mugkhs `g r`obfzor `b r`ihrrfkh 9)  U`rjog`gifo `g @rrhr, Jïxfjh 0 s`mugkhs.

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9) [`st k` S`oiifùg. S`oitfj`trh sfjpb`  Hcn`tfvh [f`g` phr hcn`tfvh k`t`rjfgor bo iopoifkok Usfihjhthro, jfkf`gkh su aocfbfkok poro `stocb`i`r ugo r`oiifùg ihgtrhboko y ihhrkfgoko, ogt` ug `stfjubh bujêgfih qu` hiurr` ob`othrfoj`gt`. Y` k`t`rjfgog o trovæs k` ug prhj`kfh k` tf`jph k` r`oiifùg, ogt` ugo ugo sftuoifùg `g bo iuob k`c` dr`gor k` jog`ro fg`sp`roko, ogt` bo oporfifùg k` bo buz rhno. -

Ihgtrhb

k`

tf`jph

k`

r`oiifùg ogt` ug fjpubsh. 

K`sirfpifùg k`b `qufph @b sfst`jo `sto ihgdhrjokh phr khs port`s prfgifpob`s. Pgo cos` h p`kob`ro, kfspu`sto o pfsh qu` `g su `struituro shcr`sob`g khs p`kob`s, ug p`kob dr`gh y htrh p`kob k` oi`b`rokhr. Kfspu`sth poro s`r oiifhgokh phr `b pf` k`b `xojfgokh. J`kfogt` ug s`jïdhrh k` 3 tf`jphs kfspu`sth `g ugo pogtobbo, `g bo iuob s` k`sirfc` ugo buz v`rk` h ugo buz rhno. Uoro bh iuob `b shdtwor` `g dhrjo outùghjo y osfgirùgfioj`gt`, kfsphg` ugo buz v`rk`, `g ug tf`jph fgk`t`rjfgokh, y bu`mh poso sþcftoj`gt` o ugo buz rhno.

[or`o>  @b `vobuokh h `xojfgokh k`c`rï pr`sfhgor, `b p`kob k`b oi`b`rokhr bh iuob oiifhgoro `b sfst`jo, `gi`gkfægkhs` bo buz v`rk` k` fgfifh t`st, `st` k`c` p`rjog`i`r obbê, ihg `b p`kob o dhgkh `g `b oi`b`rokhr, aosto qu`, iojcf` bo s`ÿob, h buz k` s`jïdhrh, o buz rhno, ogt` `sto oiifùg `b `xojfgokh k`c`rï r`oiifhgor o `st` `stfjubh, rïpfkoj`gt`, ocogkhgogkh `b oi`b`rokhr y pr`sfhgogkh rïpfkoj`gt` `b p`kob k` dr`gh, `sto r`oiifùg, ob `stfjubh, `s bo qu` s` prhi`k` o `vobuor.

Uorïj`trhs k` @vobuoifùg. Y` `vobþo `b tf`jph prhj`kfh k` r`oiifùg k`b `xojfgokh. @b shdtwor`, r`mfstro k` jog`ro outhjïtfio bo iogtfkok k` fgt`gths, tf`jph k` r`spu`sto r`spu`sto ob (`stfjubh - r`oiifùg), iobiubogkh `b prhj`kfh k` thkhs bhs fgt`gths.

[f`jph Pbtfjh>  Tobhr k` ubtfjh ubtfjh `n`rififh, h oiifhg. [f`jph Urhj`kfh> Tobhr dfgob prhj`kfh k` bhs fgt`gths r`obfzokhs. r` obfzokhs. Ghrjo poro oprhcoifùg ?)  @b Tobhr h tf`jph k` r`oiifùg prhj`kfh gh sup`rfhr o 5,;9 Y`mugkhs. ??

 

;) [@Y[ K@ TFYFHG Hcn`tfvh [f`g` phr hcn`tfvh k`t`rjfgor bo iopoifkok vfsuob jhghiubor y cfghiubor, shj`tf`gkh ob `xojfgokh o bhs sfmuf`gt`s t`st k` ihgtrhb> ?¾.- Omuk`zo vfsuob 3¾.- Kfsirfjfgoifùg k` Ihbhr`s 9¾.- Tfsfùg `g prhdugkfkok h @st`r`hpsfs ;¾.- Cobogi` jusiubor h Uahrfo T`rtfiob y Ahrfzhgtob 0¾.- Tfsfùg Ghiturgo h Gfithj`trêo 4¾.- @giogkfbojf`gth =¾.- S`iup`roifùg ob @giogkfbojf`gth 1¾.- Iojpfj`trêo h U`rfjætrfio

K`sirfpifùg k`b `qufph Ihgdhrjokh phr `b `qufph Tfsfhj`trh (`qufph `xt`rgh) y su shdtwor` k` @vobuoifùg.  @b `qufph k` Tfsfùg h Tfsfhj`trh `s ug `qufph ihjpoith, `stoifhgorfh, ihg cos` k` r`muboifùg k` fgibfgoifùg, h op`rturo qu` hsifbo `gtr` bhs 5¾ mrokhs o bhs =0¾ mrokhs, doifbftogkh bo p`rd`ito hp`roifùg, `rmhghjætrfio, sfg `sdu`rzh k`b poif`gt` `xojfgoifùg, `g iuyh fgt`rfhr s` `giu`gtrog pr`kfspu`stos bojfgos k` obto k`dfgfifùg, r`trh prhy`itokos, j`kfogt` buz, ihg ofsbojf`gth, ocshbuth, j`kfogt` iïjoros hsiuros, poro s`r hcs`rvokos kurogt` bo `vobuoifùg phr j`kfh k` ug vfshr, cfghiubor, qu` p`rjft` bo `vobuoifùg togth k` ugh h k` khs hnhs, j`kfogt` bo r`trhprhy`ifhg k` bos kfd`r`gt`s bojfgos t`st. U`rjftf`gkh o bo v`z bo `vobuoifùg `g dhrjo obt`rgoko, togth jhghiubor, ihjh cfghiubor. @b vfshr iu`gto `g su `struituro dêsfio `xt`rgo drhgtob ihg ug Iojpfj`trh kfmftob qu` p`rjft`, bo `vobuoifùg `g 00¾, =5¾, 10¾ mrokhs, y gosob, poro ojchs a`jfsd`rfh. Ihgtrhbokh phr j`kfh k` ihjogkhs k`sk` `b pog`b prfgifpob k`b Tfsfhj`trh.

?3

 

@QOJ@G@Y @_PFUH K@ TFYFHG, H TFYFHJ@[SH ;. ?.- [`st k` omuk`zo Tfsuob ‒Iortfbbo Hpthj`trfio‚.

@b [`st k` omuk`zo vfsuob ghs ghs p`rjft` @vobuor bo iopoifkok k` vfsfùg k`b k`b `xojfgokh poro p`rifcfr, h fk`gtfdfior hcn`ths `spoifob`s `g ihgkfifhg`s k` fbujfgoifùg pr`k`t`rjfgoko. @st` t`st `stï ihjpu`sth phr ugo bojfgo kfvfkfko `g khs s`mj`gths poro ioko a`jfsd`rfh, obfg`okos p`rd`itoj`gt` ugh k`b htrh, o su v`z ihgsto k` ugo ihbujgo `guj`roko k`b ugh ob sf`t`, poro bo fk`gtfdfioifùg k`b gfv`b h dfbo k` `vobuoifùg. Bo ihgdhrjoifùg k`b t`st ihjpr`gk` khs ihbujgos phr ioko s`mj`gth hiubor y `stos `stïg ihgdhrjokos phr sf`t` dfbos, Ahrfzhgtob`s kfspu`stos k` joyhr o j`ghr, phr ioko ihbujgo. Uoro bo `vobuoifùg prhmr`sfvo, k` bo iopoifkok vfsuob, o su v`z bo ihbujgo i`gtrob poro ojchs a`jfsd`rfhs `sto pr`kfspu`sto `g bo ihgkfifùg k` dusfùg, Ioc` k`stoior qu` ob r`obfzor `b t`st `g dhrjo cfghiubor, `b `xojfgokh shbh v`rï tr`s ihbujgos p`rd`itoj`gt` sfgirhgfzokos. Kïgkhghs tojcfæg bo hphrtugfkok k` `vobuor bo vfsfùg `g dusfùg k` ojchs oj chs a`jfsd`rfhs. Pgo v`z `gi`gkfkh `b `qufph `g su ihjogkh k` `gi`gkfkh, v`rfdfiogkh bo buz pfbhth k` pu`sto `g joriao, s` prhi`k`rï o `gi`gk`r bhs khs a`jfsd`rfhs k` ihgtrhb, osfmgokhs ihjh ihjogkh k`r`iah y ihjogkh fzquf`rkh. @g `st` jhj`gth s` prhi`k`rï o fgkfiorb` ob `xojfgokh thjor phsfifùg dr`gt` ob `qufph, kïgkhb` bo fgibfgoifùg ok`iuoko. Uoro qu` t`gmo bo j`nhr phsfifùg, poro k`sorrhbbor `st` `xoj`g, s` r`ihjf`gko t`g`r bo aocftoifùg osfmgoko poro `st` `xoj`g o j`kfo buz, s`mþg fgkfioifhg`s, `xibusfvos k`b j`kfih.

[or`o>  s` shbfiftoro ob `xojfgokh, sftuors` `g dr`gt` k`b `qufph, ophyogkh su dr`gt` `g `b vfshr, poro bhmror thjor phsfifùg `g dugifùg k` s`r iopoz k` v`r o trovæs `st` phr j`kfh k` bos op`rturos

?9

 

k` vfsuobfzoifùg h irfstob`s osfmgokhs, shbfiftïgkhb` k`sirfcfr h v`r bhs `xïj`g`s pr`kfspu`sths poro su `vobuoifùg. Y` prhi`k`rï o shbfiftor qu` b`o h k`sirfco phsftfvoj`gt`, bo tor`o osfmgoko `g bo pbogtfbbo t`st. Pg fgkfvfkuh ihg sus iopoifkok`s vfsuob`s jêgfjos k` oprhcoifùg tf`g` qu` orrhnor b`ituro phsftfvo `g bo dfbo G¾ 0 `g ` g ok`bogt`. Dfbo 0 ihgkuithr`s portfiubor`s Dfbo 4 `g ok`bogt` ihgkuithr`s i hgkuithr`s prhd`sfhgob`s. @g bo sfmuf`gt` dfmuro s` k`sirfc` `b t`st.

*

Yhbh Fzquf`rkh

Ojchs Bokhs

Yhbh K`r`iah

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HK

YK

G A

3

T Q ^

B A L

Y H G

9

G L H S

^ I Y K

T A H ^

;

Y T K H

A ^ L G

S Y I A

0

L A Y I

H ^ G S

H G T I

4

H A G N T

K ^ G H Y

^ H I [ G

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Y K I J T

^ G T H Y

K Y T S Q

*Bo ghrjo k` oprhcoifùg `s k`sirfto k`si rfto `g bo b`y, s`mþg opbfioifhg`s h iobfdfioifhg`s. 

?;

 

;.3.- [`st k` i`mu`ro ob Ihbhr.

@b [`st k` I`mu`ro ob ob ihbhr ghs p`rjft` @vobuor bo iopoifkok k` vfsfùg k`b `xojfgokh poro p`rifcfr, h fk`gtfdfior `b ihbhr `g ` g ihgkfifhg`s k` fbujfgoifùg pr`k`t`rjfgoko. @st` t`st `stï ihjpu`sth phr ugo bojfgo kfvfkfko `g khs s`mj`gths ugh poro ioko a`jfsd`rfh, obfg`okos p`rd`itoj`gt` ugh k`b htrh, `sto bïjfgo k` obto k`dfgfifùg `g sus ihjphsfifùg, ghs ju`stro 4 b`tros ihg kfd`r`gt`s ihbhr`s, qu` `b `xojfgokh k`c`rï fk`gtfdfior ihrr`itoj`gt`.

[or`o> Bo `vobuoifùg s` r`obfzoro, pr`mugtïgkhb` ob poif`gt` qu` fk`gtfdfqu` iuob`s shg bos b`tros k` ihbhr v`rk`, iuïb`s shg bos k` ihbhr rhnh, y iuob `s bo b`tro k` ihbhr ozub. ozub. Uhr hrk`g s`iu`gifob k` orrfco oconh y k` fzquf`rko o k`r`iao s`rêo. @b `xojfgokh k`c`rï fk`gtfdfior pb`goj`gt` ioko ihbhr. O, G : Ojorfbbh T : T`rk` A : Shnh H : ozub M : Shsokh Ghto > `g obmughs poês`s gh `s `xibuy`gt` s`r kobtùgfih, poro k`sorrhbbor oitfvfkok`s prhkuitfvos h ihgkuifr v`aêiubhs jhthrfzokhs, shbh `s `xibuy` `g obmugos prhd`sfhg`s

*Bo ghrjo k` oprhcoifùg `s k`sirfto k`si rfto `g bo b`y, s`mþg opbfioifhg`s h iobfdfioifhg`s.

?0

 

;.9.- [`st k` @st`r`hpsfs h Urhdugkfkok.

@b [`st k` @st`r`hpsfs ghs p`rjft` @vobuor bo iopoifkok k` vfsfùg k`b `xojfgokh poro p`rifcfr, h fk`gtfdfior hcn`ths `spoifob`s `g prhdugkfkok `g ihgkfifhg`s k` fbujfgoifùg pr`k`t`rjfgoko. pr`k`t` rjfgoko. @st` t`st `stï ihjpu`sth phr ugo bojfgo kfvfkfko `g khs s`mj`gths, s`mj`gths, ugh poro ioko a`jfsd`rfh, obfg`okos p`rd`itoj`gt` ugh k`b htrh, `sto fjom`g k`sirfc` ug iuokrokh, khgk` s` `giu`gtrog 6 dfmuros, `guj`rokos. @stos dfmuros `g su fgt`rfhr, ihgtf`g`g 3 iêriubhs `g sus sus værtfi`s, sup`rfhr, fgd`rfhr, `sths iêriubhs `stïg `g dusfùg, sfjætrfioj`gt` fmuob`s poro ioko hnh, ihg bo `xi`pifùg qu` `g ioko iuokrh `guj`rokh `xfst` ugo k`svfoifùg `g ugh k` sus iêriubhs, `sto k`svfoifùg ahrfzhgtob, `s g`motfvo poro ug hnh, y phsftfvo poro `b htrh hnh, `g ugh k` sus ifriubh ihfgifk`gt`s. @sto pru`cos, ghs p`rjft` ir`or ug `d`ith k` prhdugkfkok ob ihgnumors` `sto k`svfoifùg shcr` ugo cos` `stïgkor y k` dfnoifùg ihgstogt`, Urhi`sh k`gtrh k` bo p`ri`pifùg vfsuob qu` bb`vo o bo s`gsoifùg k` prhdugkfkok o portfr k` khs prhy`iifhg`s bfm`roj`gt` kfd`r`gt`s. Ihg `st` `xoj`g s` k`t`rjfgo bo iopoifkok k` v`r `g prhdugkfkok. Y`mþg bhs vobhr`s k`sirfths poro ioko iuokrh>

[or`o>  Bo `vobuoifùg s` r`obfzoro, pr`mugtïgkhb` ob poif`gt` qu` fk`gtfdfqu` iuob`s shg bos obt`roifhg`s vfsuob`s hcs`rvoko, `g ioko iuokrh `guj`rokh k`b ? ob 6. Yhbfiftogkh k`sirfco sf bo obt`roifùg s` `giu`gtro,

orrfco h oconh, poro ioko iuokrh k` `xojfgoifùg. @st` `xoj`g

ihjf`gzo ihg bo tocbfbbo g¾ ?, `b Tobhr jêgfjh jêgfjh k` oprhcoifùg oprhcoifùg `s 45% h iuokrh G¾ 4. Bo b`ituro k` `sth, k`sirfcfrï `b mrokh k` omuk`zo `g su `xoj`g, s`mþg tocbo k` mrokuoifùg> ?)  3)  9)  ;)  0)  4)  =)  1)  6) 

Uort` Fgd`rfhr Uort` Fgd`rfhr Uort` Yup`rfhr Uort` Yup`rfhr Uort` Fgd`rfhr

Uort` Yup`rfhr  Yup`rfhr  Uort` Yup`rfhr Uort` Fgd`rfhr Uort` Yup`rfhr

?5% 35% 95% ;5% 05% 45% =5% 15% 65%  

?4

 

*Bo ghrjo k` oprhcoifùg `s k`sirfto k`si rfto `g bo b`y, s`mþg opbfioifhg`s h iobfdfioifhg`s.

;.;.- [`st k` Cobogi` Jusiubor h Uahrfo

@b [`st k` cobogi` jusiubor h Uahrfo ghs p`rjft` @vobuor bo iopoifkok k` vfsfùg k`b k`b `xojfgokh poro p`rifcfr ugo fjom`g h t`st, bhmrogkh p`squfsor `b `qufbfcrfh h k`s`qufbfcrfh cfghiubor `g bo ihgdhrjoifùg k` bo fjom`g. @st` t`st `stï ihjpu`sth phr ugo bïjfgo kfvfkfko `g khs s`mj`gths, ugh poro ioko a`jfsd`rfh, obfg`okos p`rd`itoj`gt` ugh k`b htrh, ihg dfmuros qu` ob dusfhgors` k`sirfc`g, `g dhrjo cfghiubor, `b `qufbfcrfh h Uahrfo, k`b `xojfgokh. @sth ghs ko bo b`ituro k` su cobogi` p`ri`ptfvh togth ahrfzhgtob, ihjh v`rtfiobj`gt`, `sth mroifos o qu` gh `giu`gtro gfgmugo r`d`r`gifo k` dusfùg, poro ihjphg`r bo fjom`g. @sths hcn`ths `spoifob`s s` `giu`gtrog `g ihgkfifhg`s ihgkfifhg`s k` fbujfgoifùg pr`k`t`rjfgoko. [f`g` phr hcn`tfvh k`t`rjfgor bos oghjobêos tob`s ihjh< Bo `xhdhrfo, `xhtrhpêo h `strocfsjh kfv`rm`gt`.

[or`o> Bo `vobuoifùg s` r`obfzoro, pr`mugtïgkhb` ob poif`gt` qu` fgkfqu`, `g qu` phsfifùg `sto bo db`iao rhno v`rtfiob, bo iuob `storï osfmgogkh ug vobhr k`b 4 bokh k`r`iah, ihjh ob 4 k`b bokh fzquf`rkh, O bo v`z s` b` ihgsubtoro ihgsubtoro iuob `s bo obfg`oifùg ahrfzhgtob ahrfzhgtob k` bo bêg`o bêg`o rhno qu` k`sirfcfrï su phsfifùg bo iuob `storï osfmgogkh phr bo b`tros O, C, I. @g ug `stokh ghrjob bhs porïj`trhs oi`ptocb`s oi` ptocb`s k`c`rêog s`r.

Uahrfo Ahrfzhgtob> Bo Db`iao Shno ucfioko `g bo bïjfgo k` bo fzquf`rko gh k`c`rêo phsfifhgors` o ugo `siobo gh j`ghr qu` `b gþj`rh ; fzquf`rko gf ugo joyhr ; k`r`iao.

Uahrfo T`rtfiob> Bo bêg`o rhno k`c`rêo `stor `g bo port` j`kfo, fgkfioko phr bo b`tro C k` ihbhr ojorfbbh.

?=

 

*Bo ghrjo k` oprhcoifùg `s k`sirfto k`si rfto `g bo b`y, s`mþg opbfioifhg`s h iobfdfioifhg`s.

;.0.- [`st Gfithj`trêo

@b [`st k` Gfithj`trêo h [`st k` Tfsfùg Ghiturgo, Ghiturgo, ghs p`rjft` @vobuor bo iopoifkok k` vfsfùg k`b `xojfgokh poro p`rifcfr, h fk`gtfdfior hcn`ths hcn`t hs `g ihgkfifhg`s k` fbujfgoifùg r`strfgmfkos @st` t`st `stï ihjpu`sth phr ugo bojfgo kfvfkfko `g khs s`mj`gths ugh poro ioko a`jfsd`rfh, obfg`okos p`rd`itoj`gt` ugh k`b htrh, `sto bïjfgo k` obto k`dfgfifùg `g sus ihjphsfifùg, ghs ju`stro 9 dfmuros ugfv`rsobj`gt` r`ihghifcb`s, ihg kfd`r`gt`s ihbhr`s, qu` `b `xojfgokh k`c`rï fk`gtfdfior ihrr`itoj`gt`.

[or`o> @b @xojfgokh t`gkrï qu` vfsuobfzor vfsuobfzor bhmrogkh fk`gtfdfior ioko ugo k` bos dfmuros.  @b [`st s` `giormo k` k`t`rjfgor sf `b `xojfgokh `s iopoz k` v`r iboroj`gt` ugo s`ÿob k` trogsfth `g ihgkfifhg`s k` `sios`s k` buz. ?)  Pg ifriubh 3)  Pgo U`rshgo 9)  Pg Iuokrokh @b `xojfgokh k`c`rï r`ihghi`r> ?55% k` oif`rth *Bo ghrjo k` oprhcoifùg `s k`sirfto k`si rfto `g bo b`y, s`mþg opbfioifhg`s h iobfdfioifhg`s.

?1

 

;.4.- @giogkfbojf`gth @b @giogkfbojf`gth, ghs p`rjft` @vobuor bo iopoifkok k` vfsfùg vfsfùg k`b `xojfgokh poro p`rifcfr, h fk`gtfdfior hcn`ths `g ihgkfifhg`s okv`rsos `sto dugifùg s` iujpb` oiifhgogkh `b chtùg i`gtrob, phr ; s`mugkhs, shbfiftïgkhb` ob `xojfgokh, v`r bo buz kfr`iifhgob qu` s` oiifhgoro phr `b p`rfhkh qu` s` hp`r` `b pubsokhr, `g dhrjo outhjïtfio h joguob.

[or`o>  s` shbfifto ob ob `xojfgokh, v`r y fk`gtfdfior qu` v`, poro dhrzor ogt` bo kuko, k` su opr`ifoifùg bo thtob op`rturo ùptfio `g cusio k` bhmror fk`gtfdfior fk`gtfdfior bh qu` b` ihgsubtog ihjh, ¸ qu` v` h fk`gtfdfio 8 ugo v`z bhmrokh `sth, `b `xojfgokh kfrï qu` shbh v` ug dhih `jfshr k` buz, `g `st` prhi`sh qu` gh k`c`rï shcr`posor bhs ; s`mugkhs, s`mugkhs, k` `giogkfbojf`gth, posoro fgj`kfotoj`gt`, o bo bojfgo ;.=, k`b t`st k` S`iup`roifùg, ob `giogkfbojf`gth ok`bogt` k`sirfto.

;.=.- [`st S`iup`roifùg ob @giogkfbojf`gth @ giogkfbojf`gth 

@b [`st k` S`iup`roifùg ob @giogkfbojf`gth, @giogkfbojf`gth, ghs p`rjft` @vobuor bo iopoifkok k` vfsfùg k`b `xojfgokh poro p`rifcfr, h fk`gtfdfior hcn`ths `g ihgkfifhg`s okv`rsos `g pb`gh prhi`sh k` r`iup`roifùg ob `giogkfbojf`gth. @st` t`st `stï ihjpu`sth phr ugo bojfgo kfvfkfko `g khs s`mj`gths ugh poro ioko a`jfsd`rfh, obfg`okos p`rd`itoj`gt` ugh k`b htrh, `sto bïjfgo k` obto k`dfgfifùg `g sus ihjphsfifùg, ghs ju`stro 9 dfmuros ugfv`rsobj`gt` r`ihghifcb`s, ihg kfd`r`gt`s ihbhr`s, qu` `b `xojfgokh k`c`rï fk`gtfdfior ihrr`itoj`gt`. @b [`st k` k` `giogkfbojf`gth s` `giormo k` k`t`rjfgor sf `b `xojfgokh

pu`k` r`iup`ror su

iopoifkok vfsuob, k`spuæs k` s`r `giogkfbokh phr ug v`aêiubh. v` aêiubh.

[or`o> @b @xojfgokh t`gkrï vfsuobfzor bhmrogkh fk`gtfdfiogkh ioko ugo k` bos dfmuros, t`gkrï ihjh ug tf`jph jïxfjh `g s`mugkhs poro k`t`rjfgor qu` dfmuros s` `giu`gtrog `g bo bïjfgo k`spuæs k` s`r `xpu`sth o bo buz `giogkfbokhro. @b `xojfgokh k`c`rï r`ihghi`r> ?)  Bo b`tro O ?6

 

3)  Pg t`bædhgh. 9)  Pg Ovfùg.

Ihgkuithr portfiubor, 0 s`mugkhs k` r`iup`roifùg. Ihgkuithr Urhd`sfhgob, ; s`mugkhs k` r`iup`roifùg r`i up`roifùg *Bo ghrjo k` oprhcoifùg `s k`sirfto k`si rfto `g bo b`y, s`mþg opbfioifhg`s h iobfdfioifhg`s.

35

 

;.1.- Iojpfj`trêo Bo Iojpfj`trêo tf`g` phr hcn`tfvh k`t`rjfgor `b obiogi` vfsuob bot`rob k`b `xojfgokh poro `sth s` `giu`gtros pr`kfspu`stos, ug ihgnugth k` bui`s B`k, gorognh jækfuj, `strotæmfioj`gt`, `g ioko a`jfsd`rfh, `g bo `struituro k`bogt`ro, k`b vfshr, ihg bos vorfogt`s, Gosob, 00, =5, 10 mrokhs.

[or`o> @b `xojfgokh, ob shj`t`rs` o `st` `xoj`g k`c` r`ihghi`r, odfrjotfvoj`gt` ioko ugo, k` `stos bui`s ob s`r oiifhgokos, p`rjftf`gkh `vobuor su obiogi` p`rfdærfih. @b `xojfgokh k`c`rï r`ihghi`r> ?)  A`jfsd`rfh k`r`iah, gosob, 00,=5,10 3)  A`jfsd`rfh Fzquf`rkh, gosob, 00,=5,10

*Bo ghrjo k` oprhcoifùg `s k`sirfto k`si rfto `g bo b`y, s`mþg opbfioifhg`s h iobfdfioifhg`s.

Yhdtwor` k` @vobuoifùg, Tfsfhj`trh. @B shdtwor` k` Hp`roifùg, iujpb` bo dugifùg k` k`sirfcfr dêsfioj`gt` bo `vobuoifùg, r`obfzoko `g `b `qufph k` Tfsfùg, `stos oghtoifhg`s k`sirfto `g `st` m`sthr, shg port` fgt`mrob k`b t`st, y su fgdhrjoifùg `s port` fgt`mrob k` `xoj`g.

3?

 

0) [@Y[ K@ OPKFIFHG Hcn`tfvh [f`g` phr hcn`tfvh k`t`rjfgor bo iopoifkok oukftfvo, k`b `xojfgokh, p`rjftf`gkh `vobuor `b hêkh k`r`iah ihjh `b fzquf`rkh, ihg dr`iu`gifos qu` hsifbog `gtr` bhs ?30 Az o bhs 1555 Az, ihg bos vorfogt`s k` ;5 o 15 k`ifc`b`s. @b pog`b fgfifob k`b oukfùj`trh, tf`g` phr hcn`th k`dfgfr prfj`rh `b a`jfsd`rfh o `vobuor, yo s`o `b k`r`iah h `b fzquf`rkh, y `b vobhr osfmgokh s`mþg su `b`iifùg poro `vobuor, poro `sth osfmg` `b vobhr k` bhs Az, oiifhgogkh bo ugfkok ihrr`sphgkf`gt`, k` k` su `b`iifùg s` k`spb`moro bo Ubogfbbo k` k` @xoj`g h v`gtogo k` troconh .

[or`o>  s` b` shbfiftoro ob `xojfgokh, sftuors` ihgi`gtrokoj`gt` poro prhi`k`r o bo oukfhj`trêo, poro bh iuob t`gkrï qu` p`rjog`i`r `g ocshbuth sfb`gifh,

ot`gth o bos fgstruiifhg`s k` su

`vobuokhr, poro `sth s` b` kfsphgkrï ug ourfiubor h dhgh, ihg ihbhr`s poro ioko a`jfsd`rfh, sf`gkh `b ihbhr rhnh poro `b a`jfsd`rfh k`r`iah, y ozub poro `b a`jfsd`rfh fzquf`rkh, `b `vobuokhr k`c`rï i`rifhrors` k` `sto ihgkfifùg, ok`jïs k`b p`rd`ith onust` `g ioko iojph, oukftfvh. [ojcfæg t`gkrï bo pr`vfsfùg k` kfsphg`r k` ihgkfifhg`s jêgfjos `xfmfcb`s poro `st` `xoj`g `g bh r`d`r`gt` o bo ihgtojfgoifùg shghro. @b `xojfgokh k`c`rï s`r iopoz k` fk`gtfdfior ihrr`itoj`gt` bos s`ÿob`s oukfcb`s, B`vogtogkh bo jogh k`b a`jfsd`rfh h iojph oukfcb` s`mþg ihrr`sphgko, poro fk`gtfdfior ihrr`itoj`gt` `b 33

 

`vobuokhr, sf iopth bo s`ÿob, y o qu` a`jfsd`rfh, ihrr`sphgk`, `sto `vobuoifùg `s ghrjoko s`mþg bhs porïj`trhs `xfmfkhs phr bo b`y.  Oukfùj`trh Kfmftob. Kfmftob. Ubogtfbbo Ubogtfbbo k` `xoj`g. h Ubogtfbbo Ubogtfbbo k` [roconh. [roconh.  ?)  Pgo v`z `b`mfkh bhs Az, y `b hêkh h a`jfsd`rfh o `xojfgor, `xojfgor, s` k`spb`moro `sto pbogfbbo bo iuob `g su iuokrh k` kfobhmh ghs k`sirfc`> . Iortfbbo mrodfio k` oukfhj`trêo . T`gtogo k` vfsuobfzoifùg k` vobhr osfmgokh o `vobuor (Dr`iu`gifo k` @vobuoifùg @vobuoifùg,) ,) Az. . Tfshr T fshr bujêgfih k` ob`rto k` A`jfsd`rfh `g `vobuoifùg.( Ozub fzquf`rkh) ( rhnh k`r`iah). . Tfshr T fshr k` vfsuobfzoifùg k` vobhr osfmgokh o `vobuor (K`ifc`b`s k` @vobuoifùg,) Kc

. M`sthr k` @vobuoifùg ihg sus iuotrh obt`rgotfvos obt`rgotfvos k` `xoj`g ;5, 05, 45, 4 5, 15. K`ifc`b`s. . @g bo port` fgd`rfhr k`b M`sthr ghs `gihgtrojhs> UBOV>> orrogqu` k`b `xoj`g, p`rjog`i` UBOV p`rj og`i` `g sfb`gifh sfb` gifh aosto oiifhgor bhs K`ifc`b`s. Y[HU> poroko outhjïtfio k` dr`iu`gifo. IOBFCSOIFHG> osfmgoifùg jot`jïtfio k` vobhr`s (GH OIIFHGOS, YHBH J@KFIH) MPOSKOS> [`rjfgh [`rjfgh k` vobhr k`b `xoj`g ugftorfh, `b iuob osfmgo ug v`ithr v`it hr k` mrodfih. 3)  S`iu`rk` qu` oiifhgogkh UBOV `b thgh `storï `g sfb`gifh, h p`rjog`i`rï `g `st` `stokh aosto qu` aomo ibfi shcr` iuobquf`ro k` bos sfmuf`gt`s Hpifhg`s. +;5kC, +05kC, + 45kC y +15kC

39

 

9)  [OS@O> Y` b` shbfiftoro ob `xojfgokh qu` b`vogt` bo jogh, ihrr`sphgkf`gt` ob a`jfsd`rfh qu` `s oukfcb`. ;)  Ob i`rror bo v`gtogo UBOG[FBBO K@ @QOJ@G ihg bo oiifùg MPOSKOS `g `b M`sthr k` `vobuoifùg, qu`koro outhjïtfioj`gt` r`mfstrokh `b vobhr thjokh h `xojfgokh. `xojfgokh... 0)  S`obfzor `sto oiifùg phr ioko dr`iu`gifo qu` k`s`o `xojfgor. `xojfgor.

*Bo ghrjo k` oprhcoifùg `s k`sirfto k`si rfto `g bo b`y, s`mþg opbfioifhg`s h iobfdfioifhg`s.

Ghrjo k` Oprhcoifùg

Iafb`> Uoro bfi`gifo O?> Ihjh oukfifùg jêgfjo ug prhj`kfh k` ;5 k`ifc`b`s (kC) h j`ghs, `g bos dr`iu`gifos k` 055, ?.555 y 3.555 ifibhs phr s`mugkh. Yf `b phstubogt` gh iujpb` `sto ghrjo k`c`rï `d`ituïrs`b` ug `xoj`g ihg Dhgkhs [fph [KA 96 h sfjfbor, `g iuyh iosh k`c`rï t`g`r ugo oukfifùg jêgfjo k` ;5 kC `g `b hêkh k`r`iah `g bos dr`iu`gifos k` 055, ?.555 y 3.555 ifibhs phr s`mugkh, gh fjphrtogkh bo oukfifùg qu` r`mfstr` `g `b hêkh fzquf`rkh. Uoro `d`iths k` `sto ghrjo, s` oi`pto bo oukfifùg ihrr`mfko. Uoro bfi`gifos O3 y I> Ihjh oukfifùg jêgfjo ug prhj`kfh k` 15 kC h j`ghs, `g bos dr`iu`gifos k` 055, ?.555 y 3.555 ifibhs phr s`mugkh. Gh hcstogt` bh ogt`rfhr, sf `b phstubogt` gh opru`co `sto ghrjo k`c`rï ihgsfk`rors` ihjh k`dfif`gifo gh mrov`.

3;

 

4) [`st>

Ot`gifhg Ihgi`gtroko y S`sfst`gifo o bo Jhghthgêo

Hcn`tfvh [f`g` phr hcn`tfvh k`t`rjfgor bo iopoifkok k` S`sfst`gifo o bo Jhghthgêo y ob Iogsogifh, `stocb`if`gkh

ugo

r`oiifùg

ihgtrhboko

y

ihhrkfgoko,

ogt`

`b

`stêjubh

qu`

hiurr`

sfst`jïtfioj`gt` o ugo k`t`rjfgoko v`bhifkok. [`gf`gkh `g iu`gto qu` `b `xojfgokh k`c` jogt`g`r `b ihgtrhb shcr` su r`oiifùg sfg pr`ifpftors`, iujpbf`gkh bo tor`o osfmgoko. -

Ihgtrhb k` bo S`sfst`gifo bo Jhghthgêo y ob Iogsogifh

K`sirfpifùg k`b `qufph Ihgsfst` `g ugo ugfkok ihjpoito kfspu`sto ugo pogtobbo BIK iuob ghs p`rjft` vfsuobfzor `b t`st, jos bo ugfkok`s k` ihjogkhs p`rfdærfios, kfvfkfko `g khs ihjogkhs, i hjogkhs, O) Pgo p`kob`ro o pfsh, y ug ug ihgtrhb i`gtrob [FJHG h vhbogt` k` jogfhcro. H C) Pgo p`kob`ro o pfsh, y khs pubsokhr`s, o bo k`r`iao y ugh o bo fzquf`rko k`b mocfg`t` Usfihtæigfih.. @stos khs ihgnumoifhg`s ghs p`rjft`g thjor `b `xoj`g, `b `vobuokhr k`c`rï `b`mfr bo hpifùg s`mþg su irft`rfh, poro thjor `b `xoj`g, bos khs ihgnumoifhg`s shg hp`rotfvos ob jhj`gth k` thjor `b `xoj`g. @stos ugfkok`s ghs p`rjft`g j`kfr bo r`spu`sto ob `stfjubh.

Uorïj`trhs k` @vobuoifùg. Y` `vobþo bo iogtfkok k` oif`rths, tf`jph k` r`spu`sto, y bo iogtfkok k` `rrhr`s p`rjftfkhs, `g ug tf`jph k`t`rjfgokh. r `mfstrh k` shdtwor` Oif`rth> @s bo iogtfkok k` ihgtoiths phsftfvhs obiogzokh s`mþg r`mfstrh

@rrhr`s> @s bo iogtfkok k` ihgtoiths g`motfvhs, obiogzokh s`mþg r`mfstrh k` shdtwor`. Ghrjos poro Oprhcoifùg 30

 

?)  Oif`rths, jêgfjh k`c`g s`r 09. 3)  @rrhr`s qu` ihjh jïxfjh k`c`g s`r =. 9)  [f`jph k` r`spu`sto ob `stfjubh, jïxfjo 5,=0 s`m.

=) [`st>

S`oiifhg`s Jþbtfpb`s h Ihjpu`sth

Hcn`tfvh [f`g` phr hcn`tfvh k`t`rjfgor bo iopoifkok k` J`jhrfo S`if`gt` y bo aocfbfkok psfihjhthro, poro `stocb`i`r ugo r`oiifùg ihgtrhboko y ihhrkfgoko, ogt` `stêjubhs qu` hiurr` sfst`jïtfioj`gt` o ugo k`t`rjfgoko v`bhifkok. [`gf`gkh `g iu`gto qu` `b `xojfgokh k`c` jogt`g`r `b ihgtrhb shcr` su r`oiifùg sfg pr`ifpftors`, iujpbf`gkh bo tor`o osfmgoko, -

Ihgtrhb k` J`jhrfo S`if`gt`

-

Ihgtrhb k` Ihgi`gtroifùg

-

Ihhrkfgoifùg Tfshjhthro Jþbtfpb`

K`sirfpifùg k`b `qufph @b t`st k` S`oiifhg`s Jþbtfpb`s Ihgsfst` `g ugo ugfkok ihjpoito kfspu`sto ugo pogtobbo BIK iuob ghs p`rjft` vfsuobfzor `b t`st, jos j os bo ugfkok`s k` ihjogkhs p`rfdærfios, kfvfkfko `g khs ihjogkhs, O) Pgo p`kob`ro o pfsh, y ug ug ihgtrhb i`gtrob [FJHG h vhbogt` k` jogfhcro. H C) Pgo p`kob`ro o pfsh, y khs pubsokhr`s, o bo k`r`iao y ugh o bo fzquf`rko k`b mocfg`t` Usfihtæigfih.. @stos khs ihgnumoifhg`s ghs p`rjft`g thjor `b `xoj`g, `b `vobuokhr k`c`rï `b`mfr bo hpifùg s`mþg su irft`rfh, poro thjor `b `xoj`g, bos khs ihgnumoifhg`s shg hp`rotfvos ob jhj`gth k` thjor `b `xoj`g. @stos ugfkok`s ghs p`rjft`g j`kfr bo r`spu`sto ob `stfjubh.

34

 

[or`o> bhmror phr j`kfh k` ugo pr`s`gtoifùg Mrodfio y Oukftfvo, `stocb`i`r potrhg`s k` r`spu`sto ob `stfjubh pr`s`gtokh. Pgo v`z j`jhrfzoko bo r`spu`sto o s`fs potrhg`s k` `xoj`g, `b `xojfgokh k`c`rï, r`obfzor, bo r`oiifùg k`sirfto poro ioko ugh k` bhs hcn`tfvh.

Uorïj`trhs k` @vobuoifùg. Y` `vobþo bo iogtfkok k` oif`rths, tf`jph k` r`spu`sto, y bo iogtfkok k` `rrhr`s p`rjftfkhs, `g ug tf`jph k`t`rjfgokh.

Oif`rth> @s bo iogtfkok k` ihgtoiths phsftfvhs obiogzokh s`mþg r`mfstrh r `mfstrh k` shdtwor` @rrhr`s> @s bo iogtfkok k` ihgtoiths g`motfvhs, obiogzokh s`mþg r`mfstrh k` shdtwor`. [f`jph @xoj`g> @s `b tf`jph osfmgokh, poro `b t`st 0 jfguths. Ghrjos poro Oprhcoifùg 0)  Oif`rths, jêgfjh k`c`g s`r 36. 4)  @rrhr`s qu` ihjh jïxfjh k`c`g s`r =. =)  [f`jph k` `vobuoifùg, 0 jfguths 

1) [`st>

T`bhifkok k` Ogtfifpoifùg

Hcn`tfvh [f`g` phr hcn`tfvh k`t`rjfgor bo iopoifkok k` bo U`ri`pifùg [æjphro @spoifob y bo aocfbfkok psfihjhthro, poro `stocb`i`r ugo r`oiifùg ihgtrhboko y ihhrkfgoko, ogt` `stêjubh jùvfb, qu` s` k`spbozo o ugo k`t`rjfgoko v`bhifkok. [`gf`gkh `g iu`gto qu` `b `xojfgokh k`c` r`obfzor ugo prhy`iifùg fg`rsfih poro `n`iutor ug ihgtrhb ob k`spbozojf`gth, iujpbfr `b hcn`tfvh k` k`t`g`r `b jùvfb `g ug pugth osfmgokh. Ihg bo kfdfiubtok k` qu` `b `xojfgokh gh phkrï vfsuobfzor `b jùvfb `g `b ubtfjh troy`ith t roy`ith phr bo fjphsfifùg k` ugo corr`ro ùptfio. -

Ihgtrhb k` U`ri`pifùg [æjphro @spoifob

3=

 

K`sirfpifùg k`b `qufph Ihgsfst` `g ugo ugfkok ihjpoito kfspu`sto ugo pogtobbo BIK bo iuob ghs p`rjft` vfsuobfzor `b t`st, jos bo ugfkok p`rfdærfio h p`kob`ro,

`sto ugfkok ghs p`rjft`g,

prhkuifr ugo r`spu`sto r`spu`sto ob

`stfjubh h tor`o osfmgoko. K`t`g`r `b v`ithr jùvfb, qu` s` k`spbozo o ugo v`bhifkok ihgstogt`, `g ug pugth osfmgokh ihg ugo db`iao y ug b`tr`rh Y[HU. @b jùvfb ob oprhxfjors` ob pugth k` k`t`gifùg h poroko, gh phkrï v`r su k`t`gifùg, phr s` hcstrufko phr ugo corr`or, kfspu`sto poro `b hcn`tfvh k` j`kfifùg k` su aocfbfkok tæjphro `spoifob.

[or`o>  bhmror phr j`kfh k` ugo pr`s`gtoifùg Mrodfio, `stocb`i`r ugo r`spu`sto ob `stfjubh [æjphro @spoifob pr`s`gtokh.

Uorïj`trhs k` @vobuoifùg. @rrhr k` Kfstogifo Jïxfjo k` k`t`gifùg shcr` bhs 05 pfx`b`s. @rrhr k` [f`jph k` ok`bogtojf`gth h r`trosh ob hcn`tfvh, 5.46 s`m.

Oif`rth> @s bo k`t`gifùg k`b jùvfb, obiogzokh `b hcn`tfvh prhy`itokh. @rrhr`s> @s gh obiogzor `b hcn`tfvh prhy`itokh, `g `b tf`jph y kfstogifo r`qu`rfko.. r` qu`rfko.. [f`jph @xoj`g> @s `b tf`jph osfmgokh, osfmgokh, poro `b t`st 9 jfguths.

6) [`st> Ihhrkfgoifùg Cfjoguob Yfjpb`

Hcn`tfvh [f`g` phr hcn`tfvh k`t`rjfgor bo iopoifkok k` Ihhrkfgoifùg Cfjoguob Yfjpb`, `stocb`if`gkh ugo r`oiifùg ihgtrhboko y ihhrkfgoko, ogt` `b `stêjubh qu` k`sirfc`g ug jhvfjf`gth ihhrkfgokh k`

31

 

troy`it hrfos fjpu`stos sfjætrfioj`gt`, togth troy`ithrfo sfjubtïg`o, poro ojcos joghs sf`gkh troy`ithrfos kfv`rm`gt`s ihjh kfv`rm`gt`s. -

Ihgtrhb k` bo S`oiifùg Cfjoguob Yfjpb`

K`sirfpifùg k`b `qufph Ihgsfst` `g ugo ugfkok ihjpoito kfspu`sto ugo pogtobbo BIK iuob ghs p`rjft` vfsuobfzor `b t`st, jos bo ugfkok k` ihjogkhs p`rfdærfios, 3 Jogfbbos k` jogfhcro, `stos khs ugfkok`s ugfkok`s ghs p`rjft`g j`kfr bo r`spu`sto ob `stfjubh ` stfjubh k`sirfth.

[or`o>  bhmror phr j`kfh k` ugo pr`s`gtoifùg Mrodfio `g bo iuob s` k`sirfc`g khs boc`rfgths sfjætrfioj`gt` ihhrkfgokhs `g su troy`ithrfo, kfv`rm`gt`s h ihgv`rm`gt`s, k`spbozor j`kfogt` bo hp`roifùg k` bhs ihjogkhs khs jùvfb`s ugh poro ioko boc`rfgth, sfmuf`gkh bo troy`ithrfo k` ioko boc`rfgth, ihhrkfgokoj`gt` sfg sobfrs` k` bo troy`ithrfo fjpu`sto, k`c`rï `stocb`i`r potrhg`s k` r`spu`sto cfjoguob ob `stfjubh pr`s`gtokh.

Uorïj`trhs k` @vobuoifùg. Y` `vobþo bo iogtfkok tf`jph k` r`spu`sto phsftfvo cfjoguob, y bo iogtfkok k` `rrhr`s p`rjftfkhs, `g ug tf`jph k`t`rjfgokh. r` mfstrh k` shdtwor` Oif`rth> @s bo iogtfkok k` tf`jph phsftfvh obiogzokh s`mþg r`mfstrh

@rrhr`s> @s bo iogtfkok k` ihgtoiths g`motfvhs, obiogzokh s`mþg r`mfstrh k` shdtwor`. Ghrjos poro Oprhcoifùg  Juy pr`ifsh> Ur`ifsh> B`gth> K`dfif`gt` h juy b`gth>

5 o 3; `rrhr`s 3; o 95 `rrhr`s 95 o ;5 `rrhr`s ;5 `rrhr`s `g ok`bogt`

[f`jph `xoj`g 95 s`m.

36

 

?5) [`st>

Ihhrkfgoifùg Cfjoguob Ihjpu`sto

Hcn`tfvh [f`g` phr hcn`tfvh k`t`rjfgor bo iopoifkok k` Ihhrkfgoifùg Cfjoguob Ihjpu`sto, `stocb`if`gkh ugo r`oiifùg ihgtrhboko y ihhrkfgoko, ogt` `b `stêjubh qu` k`sirfc`g ug jhvfjf`gth kfshifokh k` troy`ithrfo k` kfstfgto ibos`, poro ojcos joghs sf`gkh troy`ithrfos fjpu`stos osfjætrfioj`gt`, togth kfv`rm`gt`s ihjh kfv`rm`gt`s. -

Ihgtrhb k` bo S`oiifùg Cfjoguob Ihjpu`sto

K`sirfpifùg k`b `qufph Ihgsfst` `g ugo ugfkok ihjpoito kfspu`sto ugo pogtobbo BIK iuob ghs p`rjft` vfsuobfzor `b t`st, jos bo ugfkok k` ihjogkhs p`rfdærfios, 3 Jogfbbos k` jogfhcro, `stos khs ugfkok`s ghs ghs p`rjft`g j`kfr bo r`spu`sto ob `stfjubh ` stfjubh k`sirfth.

[or`o> bhmror phr j`kfh k` ugo pr`s`gtoifùg Mrodfio `g bo iuob s` k`sirfc`g khs boc`rfgths osfjætrfihs k` kfstfgto troy`ithrfo, kfv`rm`gt`s h ihgv`rm`gt`s, k`spbozor j`kfogt` bo hp`roifùg k` bhs ihjogkhs khs jùvfb`s ugh poro ioko boc`rfgth, sfmuf`gkh bo troy`ithrfo k` ioko boc`rfgth, b oc`rfgth, ihhrkfgokoj`gt` sfg sobfrs` k` bo troy`ithrfo fjpu`sto, k`c`rï `stocb`i`r potrhg`s k` r`spu`sto cfjoguob ob `stfjubh pr`s`gtokh.

Uorïj`trhs k` @vobuoifùg. Y` `vobþo bo iogtfkok tf`jph k` r`spu`sto phsftfvo cfjoguob, y bo iogtfkok k` `rrhr`s p`rjftfkhs, `g ug tf`jph k`t`rjfgokh.

Oif`rth>  @s bo iogtfkok k` tf`jph phsftfvh obiogzokh s`mþg r`mfstrh k` shdtwor` @rrhr`s> @s bo iogtfkok k` ihgtoiths g`motfvhs, obiogzokh s`mþg r`mfstrh k` shdtwor`. Ghrjos poro Oprhcoifùg  Juy pr`ifsh> Ur`ifsh> B`gth> K`dfif`gt` h juy b`gth>

5 o 3; `rrhr`s 3; o 95 `rrhr`s 95 o ;5 `rrhr`s ;5 `rrhr`s `g ok`bogt`

[f`jph `xoj`g 95 s`m. 95