Manual Fresadora Didactica CRODE

 

 

OZLTAHEZA HL DE@XZEC @\ILZFDE DZEHL DBFB\AB\A

OZLTAHEZA HL DE@XZEC @\ILZFDE IA@\AC HL E^LZADFÔ@ F@HFDL HLTDZF^DFE@; EJKLXF_E; DAZADXLZFTXFDAT GL@LZACLT DA^ADFHAHLT V ACDA@DLT GL@LZACLT TEOXWAZL DAZADXLZFTXFDAT ^ZF@DF^ACLT; ^ZLDA\DFE@LT ZLQ\LZFIFL@XET IF@FIET HL BAZHWAZL ^AZXLT ^ZF@DF^ACLT HL \@ TFTXLIA D@D F@TXACADFE@ ^A@XACCAT ^ZF@DF^ACLT ^A@XACCA HL DEZZLZ ^ZEGZAIA –^regrai Zu`’ 

DE@XZEC HL IA@E _FZX\AC ^A@XACCA HL EOOTLXT ^ A@XACCA HL L@XZAHA HL HAXET HAX ET IA@\AC –Ia`uac Hata F`put’ ((IHF) IHF)   ZLT\IL@ HL DEHFGET G y I F@DC\FHET DEHFGET G L@DAJL[AHE HLC ^ZEGZAIA G17, G12, G16 TLCLDDFÔ@ HL ^CA@E HL XZAJAKE G:> (G7>), (G7>), G:1 (G71) TLCLDDFÔ@ HL \@FHAHLT G1) E F@DZLIL@XAC (G61) ^AZA IE_FIFL@XET IE_FIFL@XET DEHFGET   DEHFGET –I’ I, XLZIF@ET GL@LZACLT DEHFGET –G’ 

G>> ^ETFDFE@AIFL@XE ZA^FHE G>1 IE_FIFL@XE HL F@XLZ^ECADFE@ CF@LAC G>: IE_FIFL@XE HL F@XLZ^ECADFE@ DFZD\CAZ E BLCFDEFHAC L@ TL@XFHE BEZAZFE G>4 IE_FIFL@XE HL F@XLZ^ECADFE@ DFZD\CAZ E BLCFDEFHAC L@ TL@XFHE  A@XFBEZAZFE G>8 LT^LZA ^ZEGZAIAHA G1: DAKA DFZD\CAZ L@ TL@XFHE BEZAZFE G14 DAKA DFZD\CAZ L@ TL@XFHE A@XF-BEZAZFE G8> DA@DLCAZ DEI^L@TADFE@ HL ZAHFE HL BLZZAIFL@XA G81 DEI^L@TADFE@ HL ZAHFE HL CA BLZZAIFL@XA A CA F[Q\FLZHA G8: DEI^L@TADFE@ HL ZAHFE HL CA BLZZAIFL@XA A CA HLZLDBA G74 DFDFCE HL JAZZL@AHE DE@ ZLXZADDFE@ IF@FIA HL ACXA _LCEDFHAH G24 DFDCE HL JAZZL@AHE DE@ ZLXZADDFÔ@ DEI^CLXA (sl rldeifl`ha para acuif`fe) 1

 

 

OZLTAHEZA HL DE@XZEC @\ILZFDE DZEHL DBFB\AB\A

G2: DFDCE HL JAZZL@AHE TF@ ZLXZADDFÔ@ DE@ LT^LZA G21 DFDCE HL JAZZL@AHE TF@ ZLXZADDFÔ@ G2< DFDCE HL JAZZL@AHE TF@ ZLXZADDFÔ@ DE@ ZLXEZ@E A _LCEDFHAH HL DEZXL G ii 1:>> ii

 Actura;

12 ii

_ectakl; 1:> _AD a ?> Bz.  Aiplrakl;

1> Aips. A iaxfia dapadfhah

 Arla hl trajake; Lkl R; Lkl V; Lkl [; Dapadfhah ieterls; Lkls; Busfcce;

:44 ii :47 ii 1:< ii

ieterls hl pases hl taiañe lsta`har @LIA 48, hl 1.2¾ per pucse, hl 6?> ez-f` hl terqul a 4.>< Aips. ieter hl hfrldta hl 1 B^, :> rpi, 6> _HD, XAIAÑE prádtfdail`tl Bz. V de`ldtar ilhfe hlclcldtrfde, dajcl tfpe deiputahera suif`fstrahe, hfdbe vectakl l` lc de`ldter cedacfzahe l` ca partl catlrac fzquflrha hl ca iaquf`a.

L@XZAHA L F@XLZZ\^XEZ HL AD 11> _AD ?> Bz

\`a vlz de`ldtahe y l`dl`hfhe lstl f`tlrrupter, sl hljl l`dl`hlr ca deiputahera hl de`trec, ca duac dargara tehes ces hrfvlrs y pregraias `ldlsarfes y aparldlra hfrldtail`tl ca sfgufl`tl pa`tacca= (l` dase hl `e arra`dar, jusqul l` ca pa`tacca hl lsdrfterfe hl ca ^D lc fde`e derrlspe`hfl`tl a –OZLTA D@D’) 

  ^A@XACCAT ^ZF@DF^ACLT \`a vlz l`dl`hfhe lc sfstlia, lc pregraia iadb4 arra`da y hljl iestrar cca a sfgufl`tl pa`tacca, ca duac ls ca prf`dfpac y sl hl`eif`a –^regrai Zu`’, y hljl

lstar slñacaha l` decer azuc

2

 

 

OZLTAHEZA HL DE@XZEC @\ILZFDE DZEHL DBFB\AB\A Cas etras pa`taccas sl vlra` daha u`a a hltaccl ias ahlca`tl.

^A@XACCA HL DEZZLZ ^ZEGZAIA –^regrai Zu`’ 

@etl qul lc jete` hl rllstajcldlr –Zlslt’ lsta f`tlriftl`tl l`trl reke y vlrhl= lste

sfg`fofda qul lc de`trec hl ieterls lsta hlsadtfvahe l` lc arra`qul. Lsta ifsia de`hfdfe` sl prlsl`ta dua`he sl adtua lc f`tlrrupter hl lilrgl`dfa, e dua`he ac lstar ievfl`he ces lkls hl ca iaquf`a, sl hltldta u` cfiftl hl lkl per ilhfe hl ces f`tlrrupterls derrlspe`hfl`tls. Lsta pa`tacca de`tfl`l ces lclil`tes prf`dfpacls y `ldlsarfes para derrlr u` pregraia, tacls deie;   Jete`ls para f`fdfe hl dfdce e pregraia –Dydcl Ttart’, pare hl pregraia

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–Ttep’, ia`har a teiar rlolrl`dfas hl pesfdfô` a ces lkls –ZLO ACC BEIL’, ltd.    F`hfdaherls hfgftacls hl pesfdfô` –HZE Hfgftac Zlaheuts’ ces duacls `uiærfdail`tl, iulstra` ca pesfdfô` rlcatfva a ca iaquf`a –beil’ e a ca

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pflza, lste sl daijfa per ilhfe hlc jete` –Iadbf`l Deerh¸s’. 

  ^a`tacca prf`dfpac hl hlspcflgul hlc pregraia a lkldutar.

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OZLTAHEZA HL DE@XZEC @\ILZFDE DZEHL DBFB\AB\A        

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F`oeriadfô` derrlspe`hfl`tl a ca blrraifl`ta hl dertl. A ca vlcedfhah hl acfil`tadfô` hl dertl –ollhratl’  A ca vlcedfhah y l`dl`hfhe ia`uac hlc busfcce. ^a`tacca hl trayldterfas hl dertl, l` he`hl sl vl cas trayldterfas pregraiahas y cas hl pesfdfô` rlac hl ca blrraifl`ta hl dertl, ca duac pulhl ifsia. slr ia`fpucaha para gfrar e auil`tar/hfsif`ufr lc taiañe hl ca

^ZADXFDA   ^rfilre, de`ldtl lc lqufpe a ca rlh lcldtrfda hl 11> _AD= hlspuæs l`dfl`ha lc f`tlrrupter, hlspuæs, ca deiputahera hl de`trec, ca duac, hljl deil`zar lc pregraia iadb4 l` su pa`tacca hl lkldutar e derrlr pregraia. L` dase de`trarfe, e dua`he sl rlquflra rlf`grlsar ac pregraia, jusqul l` lc lsdrfterfe lc fde`e hl`eif`ahe OZLTA D@D y hl hejcl dcfd.   ^rlsfe`l lc jete` hl rlslt   De` cas tldcas hl ↞  y  ↚ (lkl x), cas hl  ↑ y  ↔ (lkl y), ahlias hl cas tldcas I y @ (lkl z), ia`fpucl ca pesfdfô` hl ces lkls.   Cclvl acgu`e hl ces lkls a u` lxtrlie sf` sectar ca tldca hl ievfifl`te, (ejslrvl).   ^rlsfe`l lc jete` rlslt y iulva lc lkl l` sl`tf sl`tfhe he f`v f`vlrse lrse (ejslrvl).   ^rlsfe`l rlslt hl `ulve y lc lkl lstara hl `ulve l` su arla hl trajake.   cclvl ca pesfdfô` hl ca blrraifl`ta aprexfiahail`tl a ca iftah hl ca darrlra hl daha lkl.   ^rlsfe`l ca tldca sbfot ac ifsie tflipe qul duacquflr tldca hl ievfifl`t ievfifl`te e (ejslrvl)   Hl `ulv `ulve e cclv cclvar ar ces 4 lkls aprex. a ca iftah hl su darrlra.   ^rlsfe`l lc jete` hl ZLO ACC BEIL (ejslrvl).   Ejslrvl ces f`hfdaherls hl pesfdfô`.   ^rlsfe`l lc jete` hl –IADBF@L DEEZHT’ (ejslrvl)   f`hfdaher –T^F@HCL –T^F@HCL T^LLH’ para qul sl adtfvl y    Abera, hl dcfdm l` lc f`hfdaher plrifta f`trehudfr acgu` vacer.   F`trehuzda 1>>> y prlsfe`l l`tlr.   ^rlsfe`l lc jete` hl –T^F@HCL DW O   Abera a >.   Hljake hl lc jete` hl l`dl`hlr lc busfcce –spf`hcl’ bay u`as ocldbas de` + 

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y -, prlsfe`l ca hl f`drlil`tar y ejslrvl lc busfcce (pruljl taijfl` de` ca hl hldrlil`tar).   ^rlsfe`l lc jete` hl –rlslt’ de`tfgue y ejslrvl.    Abera, adtul lc f`tlrrupter hl pare hl lilrgl`dfa.

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  jete` Cfjlrlhl lc rlslt pare prf`dfpac hl lilrgl`dfa (gfrl ca plrfcca) y pestlrferil`tl hl dcfd l` lc hl ca iaquf`a.

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1>

 

 

OZLTAHEZA HL DE@XZEC @\ILZFDE DZEHL DBFB\AB\A   L`dfl`ha lc busfcce hl `ulve.   Abera, hl dcfd l` lc jete` h hl l rlslt g gl`lrac l`lrac (e (ejslrvl) jslrvl)   _ulcva a rllstajcldlr lc sfstlia, abera prlsfe`l ca tldca –Act’ hlc tldcahe, a ce duac hljl aparldlr ca sfgufl`tl pa`tacca;

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DE@XZEC HL IA@E _FZX\AC Lsta derrlspe`hl a u` de`trec hl ia`e vfrtuac de` ca duac sl pulhl` ievlr ces lkls sf` lc tldcahe hl ca iaquf`a, y para lcce sl tfl`l` trls iehes prf`dfpacls= lc prfilre derrlspe`hl ac iehe –de`tf`ue’, lc duac

ievlra ces lkls per ilhfe hl ces jete`ls hl ca partl f`olrfer hl lsta pa`tacca y sl ievlra ifl`taras sl tl`ga pucsaha ca tldca l` lc sl`tfhe derrlspe`hfl`tl y a ca vlcedfhah f`hfdaha l` lc f`hfdaher –sbew keg ratl’ lc

duac ce pulhl daijfar f`hfda`he lc vacer hlslahe hfrldtail`tl e per ilhfe hl ces jete`ls hl f`drlil`tar y hldrlil`tar ahyadl`tls ac f`hfdaher. ^radtfqul ce a`tlrfer. Lc slgu`he iehe hl ievlr ces lkls ls lc hl iehe –stlp’ e per f`drlil`tes ofkes, lc duac sl adtfva pucsa`he lc jete` hl –keg iehl’,

de` lc duac lc f`hfdaher clh aiarfcce hljl daijfar a lstl iehe (stlp) y per ilhfe hl lstl iehe, lc ievfifl`te hl ces lkls slra per ca hfsta`dfa lspldfofdaha l` lc f`hfdaher –dydcl

keg

stlp’

y

`e

slra

`ldlsarfe

ia`tl`lr pucsaha.aZlacfdl ce a`tlrfer y daijflcacatldca hfsta`dfa ievlrsl l` lc f`hfdaher derrlspe`hfl`tl. Lc iehe I^G (ia`uac pucsl gl`lraher) sl utfcfza dua`he sl tfl`l de`ldtahe u` de`trec hl plrfcca gfraterfa e u` –keystfdm’ de`ldtahe, lc duac `e sl suif`fstra l`

lstl sfstlia.   _ulcva a prlsfe`ar ca tldca –Act’   Dflrrl lc pregraia y vulcva a l`trar   ^radtfqul de` ces jete`ls f`hfdahes l` lsta pradtfda, ** @E I\L_A

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EXZET JEXE@LT ^EZ LC IEIL@XE, HL CET D\ACLT TL  

_LZA T\ O\@DFE@ ^ETXLZFEZIL@XL ** 11

 

 

OZLTAHEZA HL DE@XZEC @\ILZFDE DZEHL DBFB\AB\A

^A@XACCA HL EOOTLXT

L` lsta pa`tacca sl de`ofgura` cas pesfdfe`ls hlc dlre hl pflza, rlcatfvas ac dlre hl iaquf`a (beil), y asf ifsie sl pulhl ejslrvar ca pesfdfô` rlcatfva ac dlre iaquf`a e ac hl pflza. L` ca pregraiadfe`, lstes akustls sl de`edl` deie ces eooslts hl pflza y sl hlsfg`a` de` ces dehfges hlc G4 ltd.), lc duac slra l kldutahe f`ilhfatail`tl

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OZLTAHEZA HL DE@XZEC @\ILZFDE DZEHL DBFB\AB\A

^ZADXFDA   Hlspuæs hl bajlr ofkahe lc eooslt G>x>= lstl dehfge derrlspe`hl a u` ievfifl`te rapfhe hlc lkl derrlspe`hfl`tl a ca pesfdfô` lspldfofdaha.   Hlspuæs g>>y>   G>>z>   Abera g>>x4>y4>>, de` lc duac, sl hlof`l ca vlcedfhah hlc busfcce (sece ca hlof`l)   Ces dehfges para l`dl`hlr y apagar lc busfcce derrlspe`hl` a ces dehfges I>4 y I>< rlspldtfvail`tl. L`dfl`ha lc busfcce (i>4)   Daijfl ca vlcedfhah hlc busfcce a 1> rpi   Apagul lc busfcce (i>> G>1 G>: G>4 G>8 G1> G1: G14 G1< G1? G17 G12 G16 G:>

pesfdfe`aifl`te rápfhe f`tlrpecadfô` cf`lac f`tlrpecadfô` dfrducar l` sl`tfhe berarfe f`tlrpecadfô` dfrducar l` sl`tfhe a`tf-berarfe lsplra prlhltlrif`aha akustar vacerls hl eooslt hl blrraifl`ta daka dfrducar l` sl`tfhe berarfe daka dfrducar l` sl`tfhe a`tf-berarfe sacfr hl iehe hl f`tlrpecadfô` pecar apcfdajcl a G>> y G>1 l`trar a iehe hl f`tlrpecadfô` pecar apcfdajcl a G>> y G>1 slclddfô` hl pca`e hl trajake RV slclddfô` hl pca`e hl trajake R[ slclddfô` hl pca`e hl trajake V[ slclddfô` hl u`fhahls `atfvas l` pucgahas

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OZLTAHEZA HL DE@XZEC @\ILZFDE DZEHL DBFB\AB\A G:1 G:2 G4> G8> G81

slclddfô` hl u`fhahls `atfvas l` ifcéiltres rlter`e a beil (prfilre lkl z) ** rldeil`hahe ** rlter`e a beil (4 lkls sfiucta`les) da`dlca deipl`sadfô` hlc rahfe hlc dertaher apcfda deipl`sadfô` hlc rahfe hlc dertaher a ca fzquflrha

G8: G84 G86 G G

4

para ujfdar y rlacfzar per lklipce lstl de`ter`e, l` iehe ajsecute (G6>) slrfa; s1>>>i>4 g>> x y z< g>1 z-< o1>> x11> y1>> x y g>>z< g>8 p4 g:2 17

 

 

OZLTAHEZA HL DE@XZEC @\ILZFDE DZEHL DBFB\AB\A  Abera, sf sl hlsla badlr ce ifsie l` iehe f`drlil`tac, sl tfl`l qul ujfdar lc pu`te hl f`fdfe y hlspuls hldcarar lc iehe f`drlil`tac, per ce duac, sl pregraiarfa hl ca sfgufl`tl ia`lra; L@DAJL[AHE de`tl`fl`he G6> s1>>>i>4 g>> x y z< g61 g>1 z-1> o1>> x?> y x> y> g>>z1> g6> g:2 Ls hl lspldfac dufhahe dua`he sl tlrif`a lc iaquf`ahe derrlspe`hfl`tl, ya qul sf lc pregraia de`tf`ua de` etras eplradfe`ls, ta`te ca iaquf`a deie lc pregraia sl qulha` de` lc uctfie tfpe hl hlspcazaifl`te (ajsecute e f`drlil`tac) y sf sl hlsla badlr etre dertl hl iatlrfac, sl tfl`l qul tl`lr l` dul`ta qul l` lc iehe f`drlil`tac lc dlre ls l` he`hl sl hlof`fô lstl iehe, f`hlpl`hfl`tlil`tl hlc dlre hl pflza.

DEHFGET I, XLZIF@ET GL@LZACLT Lxfstl` l` lc cl`guakl hl pregraiadfô` hl de`trec `uilrfde, acgu`es tlrif`es qul `e de`cclva` lc tlrif`e hl dehfge –G’, tacls deie ces dehfges –I’ y acgu`es

gl`lracls qul duacquflr iaquf`arfa rlcadfe`aha hljl lkldutar. ^ara lc dase hl ces dehfges I, acgu`es lspldfofda` dulstfe`ls iuy partfducarls rlolrl`tls ac use hl cas dapadfhahls hl ca iaquf`a y acgu`es daijfa` hlpl`hfl`he hl ca iarda y tfpe hl ca iaquf`a, per ce qul sl rldeifl`ha, a`tls hl pregraiar duacquflr lqufpe D@D lc rlvfsar ta`te ces dehfges G deie ces I para hltldtar duacquflr partfducarfhah. Acgu`es hl ces tlrif`es deiu`ls hljl` hl slr (vlrfofdar) ces sfgufl`tls; O T I>4 I><

hlof`l u`a vlcedfhah hl dertl, l` pucgahas e ifcfiltres per if`ute, hlpl`hfl`he hl ce lspldfofdahe l` lc l`dajlzahe hlc pregraia hlof`l ca vlcedfhah a ca qul gfrara lc busfcce (sece hlof`l) l`dfl`hl lc busfcce l` sl`tfhe berarfe hltfl`l busfcce

I4> I87

of` hl hl pregraia pregraia yy ce ce rlf`fdfa hlvulcvlhlshl ac f`fdfe of` ca prfilr cf`la (dfdcahe) 12

 

 

OZLTAHEZA HL DE@XZEC @\ILZFDE DZEHL DBFB\AB\A

G>>

^ETFDFE@AIFL@XE ZA^FHE

TF@XARFT; GE R##V##[##, G>>R##, G>>R##, g>z##, g>> x## y## z## ltd. LKLI^CET; G> R:>V4> z, g> x8> yy:>, :>, ltd  Lstl deia`he, lklduta u` ievfifl`te rapfhe l` lc lkl lspldfofdahe, ca vlcedfhah hlc ievfifl`te sl prllstajcldl l` ca de`ofguradfô` hlc sfstlia, `e hljl usarsl  para lkldutar dertl hl iatlrfac, sece ls hl pesfdfe`aifl`te rápfhe. Lsta f`struddfô` loldtûa f`tlrpecadfe`ls cf`lacls l` ces dases hl qul sl lspldfofqul` ias hl hes lkls l` ca ifsia f`struddfô`, ls hldfr, cclga a u`a pesfdfô` hl ia`lra cf`lac e rldta, `e sldul`dfac `f l` durva.

G>1

IE_FIFL@XE HL F@XLZ^ECADFE@ CF@LAC

TF@XARFT; G1 R R##V##[##o, ##V##[##o, G>1R##, g1z##o1, g>1 x## yy## ## z## ltd. LKLI^CET; G1 R:>V4>, g>1 z, g1 x8> y:>o2>, ltd  Lsta f`struddfô` ls ca ahlduaha para loldtuar dertls e iaquf`ahes l` cf`la rldta, ls sfifcar a ca hl G>> sece qul ejlhldl a ca hfrldtfva hl vlcedfhah ya lstajcldfha a`tlrferil`tl e hlof`fha l` ca ifsia f`struddfô`= u`a vlz hlof`fha l` duacquflr ieil`te u`a vlcedfhah hl dertl, l` ce sujsfgufl`tl, lsta f`struddfô` bará rlolrl`dfa a hfdba hlof`fdfô`. Lc tlrif`e –o’ hlof`l ca vlcedfhah hl dertl l`

ifcéiltres e pucgahas per if`ute hlpl`hfl`he hl cas u`fhahls lspldfofdahas l` lc l`dajlzahe hlc pregraia.

^ZADXFDA 1   L` lc aijfl`tl hl Wf`hews, ajra lc jcedm hl `etas y drll u` ardbfve hl`eif`ahe pradtfda1.txt, guarhlce l` u`a darplta e ujfdadfô` hl su lclddfe` y lsdrfja lc sfgufl`tl pregraia; 

=HLOF@FDFE@ HLC L@DAJL[AHE G17 G:1 G> i>4

=lspldfofda ca vlcedfhah hlc busfcce y ce l`dfl`hl l` sl`tfhe berarfe

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OZLTAHEZA HL DE@XZEC @\ILZFDE DZEHL DBFB\AB\A G>> x> y>.> z<

x. x 8> iis. ya qul lc dl`tre hl ca blrraifl`ta pasara per ca trayldterfa, derta`he lc rahfe hl ca ifsia deie lxdlhl`tl a daha cahe hl ca daka f`tlrfer. \`a ia`lra hl rlacfzar hfdba daka hl x 4> ii. puhflra slr lc dacducar ca ujfdadfô` hl ces pu`tes deipl`sa`he lc rahfe hl ca blrraifl`ta hfrldtail`tl l` lc pregraia para qul rlacil`tl `es dertl ca daka f`tlrfer. Lc pregraia puhflra qulhar deie sfgul; g:1 g17 g8> g6> s1>>>i>4 g>>x41z-> g>1x7< y8< x4< y:< g>>z1> i>< g:2 i4> de` lste, bajfl`he deipl`sahe hfrldtail`tl sejrl cas deerhl`ahas l` lc pregraia sl cegra rlacfzar ca daka f`tlrfer hl x 4> ii. Etra ia`lra hl rlacfzar ca ifsia daka f`tlrfer, y sf` rlacfzar ces dácduces derrlspe`hfl`tls para deipl`sar lc rahfe hl ca blrraifl`ta, ls ca hl utfcfzar cas ou`dfe`ls hl deipl`sadfô` G81 y G8:, de` lste, ustlh pe`hrá cas deerhl`ahas `eif`acls hl ca daka. Cas û`fdas de`hfdfe`ls qul lstas ou`dfe`ls pfhl`, se` ca hl rlacfzar u` ievfifl`te prlvfe l` lc sl`tfhe hl dertl hl ac il`es 1 vlz lc hfáiltre hl dertl y, lc hl liplzar lc dertl l` ca partl dl`trac hl u`e hl ces cahes hlc sl`tfhe hl dertl, de` lstas de`hfdfe`ls, lc pregraia puhflra qulhar deie sfgul; g:1 g17 g8> g6> s1>>>i>4 g81 g>>x g>1z-> g>1x2> y x4>

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OZLTAHEZA HL DE@XZEC @\ILZFDE DZEHL DBFB\AB\A y:> x>z1> i>< g8> g:2 i4>

G8: DEI^L@TADFE@ HL BLZZAIFL@XA A CA HLZLDBA TF@XARFT;

ZAHFE

HL

CA

G8:

Lstl deia`he tfl`l cas ifsia lstrudtura y hlof`fdfe`ls qul lc G81, sece qul ca deipl`sadfô` sl rlacfza a ca hlrldba hlc sl`tfhe hl dertl. para lklipcfofdar ilker lste, sl pfhl rlacfzar u`a ra`ura hlc greser hl ca blrraifl`ta hl dertl hl 1> ii.a partfr hl u` de`ter`e hl x 4> ii.

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:6

 

 

OZLTAHEZA HL DE@XZEC @\ILZFDE DZEHL DBFB\AB\A

lc pregraia derrlspe`hfl`tl puhflra qulhar deie sfgul; g:1 g17 g8> g6> s1>>>i>4 g8: g>>x g>1z-> g>1x2> y x4> y:> x>z1> i>< g8> g:2 i4> @EXA.- Ejslrvl cas hfolrl`dfas l`trl ces hes ûctfies pregraias y deil`tl= Zlacfdl aijes pregraias l` lc lhfter hl tlxte y rlacfdl aijas pradtfdas l` ca iaquf`a.

G74 DFDFCE HL JAZZL@AHE DE@ ZLXZADDFE@ IF@FIA HL ACXA _LCEDFHAH TF@XARFT;

G74 R##V##[##Z##C#Q#

LKLI^CET;

G74 x1>y:>z-1

HLOF@FDFE@LT;

R,V 9 deerhl`ahas l` ces lkls R/V hlc jarrl`e [ 9 preou`hfhah hlc jarrl`e Z 9 pesfdfô` hl rltraddfô` e slgurfhah Q 9 da`tfhah hl dertl a`tls hl rltraddfô` C 9 `ûilre hl rlpltfdfe`ls hl tehe lc dfdce

L` lc dase hlc lklipce hl lstl deia`he, ce qul rlacfzara ca iaquf`a ls ce sfgufl`tl. ^rfilre sl ujfdara l` lc pu`te R91> V9:>, hlspuæs, ujfdara lc lkl [ l` lc pu`te hl rltraddfô` e slgurfhah [91.>ii/if`), liplzara jarrl`ar hl yhes l` hes ifcéiltres (Q9:), y l` daha dfdce sl rltralrá u` pedea(aprex. 1 ii) vecvlrá ac uctfie pu`te

4>

 

 

OZLTAHEZA HL DE@XZEC @\ILZFDE DZEHL DBFB\AB\A hl dertl a vlcedfhah acta y asé sudlsfvail`tl basta cclgar a ca preou`hfhah hlc jarrl`e lspldfofdaha ([9 -1y:>z-1

HLOF@FDFE@LT;

R,V 9 deerhl`ahas l` ces lkls R/V hlc jarrl`e [ 9 preou`hfhah hlc jarrl`e Z 9 pesfdfô` hl rltraddfô` e slgurfhah Q 9 da`tfhah hl dertl a`tls hl rltraddfô` C 9 `ûilre hl rlpltfdfe`ls hl tehe lc dfdce

L` lc dase hlc lklipce hl lstl deia`he, ce qul rlacfzara ca iaquf`a ls ce sfgufl`tl. ^rfilre sl ujfdara l` lc pu`te R91> V9:>, hlspuæs, ujfdara lc lkl [ l` lc pu`te hl rltraddfô` e slgurfhah [91.>ii/if`), liplzara a jarrl`ar hl hes l` hes ifcéiltres (Q9:), y l` daha dfdce sl rltralrá basta ca pesfdfô` hl rltraddfô` e slgurfhah u` pede y vecvlrá ac uctfie pu`te hl dertl a vlcedfhah acta y asé sudlsfvail`tl basta cclgar a ca preou`hfhah hlc jarrl`e lspldfofdaha ([9 -1y:>z-1

HLOF@FDFE@LT;

R,V 9 deerhl`ahas l` ces lkls R/V hlc jarrl`e [ 9 preou`hfhah hlc jarrl`e Z 9 pesfdfô` hl rltraddfô` e slgurfhah C 9 `ûilre hl rlpltfdfe`ls hl tehe lc dfdce ^ 9 `uilre hl slgu`hes hl lsplra hl ca blrraifl`ta l` lc oe`he hlc jarrl`e

L` lc dase hlc lklipce hl l` lstllc deia`he, qul hlspuæs, rlacfzara ujfdara ca iaquf`a ce sfgufl`tl. ^rfilre sl ujfdara pu`te R91>ceV9:>, lc lklls [ l`

41

 

 

OZLTAHEZA HL DE@XZEC @\ILZFDE DZEHL DBFB\AB\A lc pu`te hl rltraddfô` e slgurfhah [91.>ii/if`), liplzara a jarrl`ar basta cclgar a ca preou`hfhah hlc jarrl`e lspldfofdaha ([9 -1y:>z-1

HLOF@FDFE@LT;

R,V 9 deerhl`ahas l` ces lkls R/V hlc jarrl`e [ 9 preou`hfhah hlc jarrl`e Z 9 pesfdfô` hl rltraddfô` e slgurfhah C 9 `ûilre hl rlpltfdfe`ls hl tehe lc dfdce

L` lc dase hlc lklipce hl l` lstl deia`he, qul hlspuæs, rlacfzara ujfdara ca iaquf`a ce sfgufl`tl. ^rfilre sl ujfdara lc pu`te R91>ceV9:>, lc lklls [ l` lc pu`te hl rltraddfô` e slgurfhah [91.>ii/if`), liplzara a jarrl`ar basta cclgar a ca preou`hfhah hlc jarrl`e lspldfofdaha ([9 -1y:>z-1

HLOF@FDFE@LT;

R,V 9 deerhl`ahas l` ces lkls R/V hlc jarrl`e [ 9 preou`hfhah hlc jarrl`e Z 9 pesfdfô` hl rltraddfô` e slgurfhah C 9 `ûilre hl rlpltfdfe`ls hl tehe lc dfdce

L` lc dase hlc lklipce hl lstl deia`he, ce qul rlacfzara ca iaquf`a ls ce sfgufl`tl. ^rfilre sl ujfdara l` lc pu`te R91> V9:>, hlspuæs, ujfdara lc lkl [ l` lc pu`te hl rltraddfô` e slgurfhah [91.>ii/if`), liplzara a jarrl`ar basta cclgar a ca preou`hfhah hlc jarrl`e lspldfofdaha ([9 -1>)= lc ifsie dfdce sl rlpltfrá lc `uilre hl vldls lspldfofdahes l` (C9:).

4:

 

 

OZLTAHEZA HL DE@XZEC @\ILZFDE DZEHL DBFB\AB\A

G>i>4 g8: g>>x g>1z-> g>1x2> y 44

 

 

OZLTAHEZA HL DE@XZEC @\ILZFDE DZEHL DBFB\AB\A x4> y:> x>z1> i>< g8>

G

=da`dlca oadter hl lsdaca 

g:2 i4> Xl`lr dufhahe qul ac tlrif`ar lc pregraia, sl rlgrlsl a ca lsdaca hl u`e (G) ya qul sl qulha grajahe lc uctfie oadter hl lsdaca grajahe. Lc deia`he G rlgrlsa tehes ces oadterls hl lsdaca a u`e.

^ZADXFDAT CFJZLT ^ZADXFDA