175
Electrical Safety Analyzer
Users Guide
PN 2185754 May 2008
© 2007 Fluke Corporation, Corporation, All righ rights ts reserved. Printed in USA Specificati Specifications ons subject to cha change nge without notic notice. e. All product names are trademarks trademarks of their respective com companies. panies.
Warranty and Product Support Fluke Biomedical warrants this instrument against defects in materials and workmanship for for one year fro from m the date of original pur purchase. chase. During the warranty period, we will repair or at our option replace, at no charge, a product that proves to be defective, provided you return the product, shipping prepaid, to Fluke Biomedical. This warranty co covers vers the original original purchaser o only nly and is not transferable. transferable. The warranty do does es not apply if the pr product oduct has been dam damaged aged by accident or misuse misuse or has been been serviced or modified modified by anyone other than than an authorized Fluke Biomedical Biomedical service facility. facility. NO OTHER WARRAN WARRANTIES, TIES, SUCH AS FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. FLUKE SHAL SHALL L NOT BE LIAB LIABLE LE FOR ANY SP SPECIAL, ECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, INCLUDING LOSS OF DATA, ARISING FROM ANY CAUSE OR THEORY. This warranty covers only serialized products and their accessory items that bear a distinct serial number number tag. Recalibration of ins instruments truments is not covered covered under the warranty This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights that vary in different different jurisdictions. Since some jurisdictions jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of an implied warranty or of incidental or consequential damages, damages, this limitation of liability may not apply to you. If any proprovision of this warranty is held invalid or unenforceable unenforceable by a court or other decision-maker of competent competent jurisdiction, such holding will not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision.
07/07
Notices All Rights Reserved © Copyright 2007, Fluke Biomedical. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language without the written perm pe rmis issio sion n of Fl Fluk ukee Bi Biom omed edica ical. l.
Copyright Release Fluke Biomedical agrees to a limited copyright release that allows you to reproduce manuals and other printed materials for use in service training programs and other technical publications. If you would like other reproductions or distributions, submit a written request to Fluke Biomedical.
Unpacking and Inspection Follow standard receiving practices upon receipt of the instrument. Check the shipping carton for damage. If damage is found, stop unpacking the instrument. Notify the carrier and ask for an agent to be present while the instrument is unpacked. There are no special unpacking instructions, butt be bu be ca care reful ful not not to dama damage ge the instru instrume ment nt when when unpa unpack ckin ing g it. Inspe Inspect ct the inst instrum rumen entt for phys physiical damage such as bent or broken parts, dents, or scratches.
Technical Support For application support or answers to technical questions, either email
[email protected] [email protected] or or call 1-800-648-7952 or 1-425-446-6945.
Claims Our routine method of shipment is via common carrier, FOB origin. Upon delivery, if physical damage is found, retain all packing materials in their original condition and contact the carrier immediately to file a claim. If the instrument is delivered in good physical condition but does not operate within specifications, or if there are any other problems not caused by shipping damage, pleas ple asee cont contac actt Flu Fluke ke Bi Biom omed edica icall or your your lo loca call sal sales es re repr pres esen enta tativ tive. e.
Standard Terms and Conditions Refunds and Credits Please note that only serialized products and their accessory items (i.e., products and items bearing a distinct serial number tag) are eligible for partial refund and/or credit. Nonserialized parts and accessory accessory items (e.g., cables, carrying cases, auxiliary modules, etc.) are not eligible for return or refund. Only products returned within 90 days from the date of original purchase are eligible for refund/credit. In order to receive a partial refund/credit of a pr prod oduc uctt p purc urcha hase se price price on a se seria rializ lized ed prod produc uct, t, the the pro produ duct ct must must not not h hav avee been been dama damage ged d by the customer or by the carrier chosen by the customer to return the goods, and the product must be returned complete (meaning with all manuals, cables, accessories, etc.) and in “as new” and resalable condition. Products not returned within 90 days of purchase, or products which are not in “as new” and resalable condition, are not eligible for credit return and will be returned to the customer. The Return Procedure (see below) must be followed to assure prompt refund/credit.
Restocking Charges Products returned within 30 days of original purchase are subject to a minimum restocking fee of 15 %. Products returned in excess of 30 days after purchase, but prior to 90 days, are subject to a minimum restocking fee of 20 %. Additional charges for damage and/or missing parts and accessories will be applied to all returns.
Return Procedure All items being returned (including all warranty-claim shipments) must be sent freight-prepaid to our factory location. When you return an instrument to Fluke Biomedical, we recommend using United Parcel Service, Federal Express, or Air Parcel Post. We also recommend that you insure your shipment for its actual replacement cost. Fluke Biomedical will not be responsible for lost shipments or instruments that are received in damaged condition due to improper packaging or handling. Use the original carton and packaging material for shipment. If they are not available, we recommend the following guide for repackaging:
Use a double-walled carton of sufficient strength for the weight being shipped.
Use heavy paperall orprojecting cardboardparts. to protect all instrument surfaces. Use nonabrasive material around Use at least four inches i nches of tightly packed, industry-approved, shock-absorbent material around the instrument.
Returns for partial refund/credit:
Every product returned for refund/credit must be accompanied by a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number, obtained from our Order Entry Group at 1-800-648-7952 or 1-425-4466945. Repair and calibration:
To find the nearest service center, go to t o www.flukebiomedical.com/service, www.flukebiomedical.com/service, or In the U.S.A.: Cleveland Calibration Lab Tel: 1-800-850-4606 Email:
[email protected] [email protected] Everett Calibration Lab Tel: 1-888-993-5853 Email:
[email protected] [email protected] In Europe, Middle East, and Africa: Eindhoven Calibration Lab Tel: +31-402-675300 Email:
[email protected] [email protected] In Asia: Everett Calibration Lab Tel: +425-446-6945 Email:
[email protected]
Certification This instrument was thoroughly tested and inspected. It was found to meet Fluke Biomedical’s manufacturing specifications when it was shipped from the factory. Calibration measurements are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Devices for which there are no NIST calibration standards are measured against in-house performance standards using accepted test procedures.
WARNING Unauthorized user modifications or application beyond the published specifications may result in electrical shock hazards or improper operation. Fluke Biomedical will not be responsible for any injuries sustained due to unauthorized equipment modifications.
Restrictions and Liabilities Information in this document is subject to change and does not represent a co commitment mmitment by Fluke Biomedical. Changes Changes made to the information information in this document will be incorpoincorporated in new editions of the publication. No responsibility is assumed by Fluke Biomedical for the use or reliability of software or equipment that is not supplied by Fluke Biomedical, or by its affiliated affili ated dealers.
Manufacturing Location The 175 Electrical Safety Analyzer is manufactured in Everett, Washington by Fluke Biomedical, 6920 Seaway Blvd., Everett, WA, U.S.A.
Table of Contents
Chapter
Title
Page
1
Introduction and Specifications....... Specifications..................... ............................ ......................... ........... Introduction .................................. .................................................................... ........................................................ ...................... Simplicity.......................................................................................... Versatility ............................. ............................................................. ............................................................ ............................ General Safety Considerations........................................................... Consideration s.............................................................. ... Symbols .................................. .................................................................... .......................................................... ........................ Warnings and Cautions..................................................................... Key Features .................................. .................................................................... ....................................................... ..................... Instrument Familiarity ................................ ................................................................. .......................................... ......... Specifications........................................................................................ Accessories .............................. .............................................................. ............................................................. .............................
1-1 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-6 1-7 1-10 1-11
2
Opera Operation tion ........... ...................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ................. ...... Preliminary Steps Steps.................................. ..................................................................... ................................................ ............. Preparing the Analyzer for Use......................................................... Use......................................................... Verifying the Power Outlet Connections ............................. .......................................... ............. Measuring Line Voltage ............................. ............................................................. .......................................... .......... Measuring Device Current .............................. ................................................................ ...................................... .... Measuring Chassis Grounding Resistance ............................... ............................................ ............. Measuring Leakage Current............................................... Current.................................................................. ................... Ground Leakage Current...................................................... Current................................................................... ............. Chassis (Enclosure) Leakage Current ........................... ............................................... .................... Point-to-Point Measurements.................... Measurements.................................................... ............................................ ............ Leakage Current......................................... Current......................................................................... ....................................... ....... Resistance .............................. .............................................................. ........................................................... ...........................
2-1 2-3 2-4 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-10 2-10
3
Maint Maintenan enance ce and Serv Service ice ........... ...................... ..................... ..................... ...................... ............. .. Maintenance.......................................................................................... Avoiding Damage ................................. ................................................................. ............................................ ............ Cleaning............................................................................................ Service and Calibration...................................................... Calibration......................................................................... ................... Packing Instructions...................................................... Instructions.......................................................................... .................... Shipping............................................................................................
3-1 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-4 3-4 3-5
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175 Users Guide
ii
List of Tables
Table 1-1. 1-2. 1-3. 1-4.
Title
Page
Symbols ................................. .................................................................... ............................................................... ............................ Components and Controls of the Analyzer ............................. ........................................... .............. Standard Accessories ................................. ................................................................. ........................................... ........... Optional Accessories ................................. ................................................................. ........................................... ...........
1-4 1-8 1-11 1-12
List of Figures
Figure
Title
Page
1-1. Fluke Biomedical 175 Electrical Safety Analyzer ............................. ................................ ... 1-7 2-1. Block Diagram of a T Typical ypical DU DUT........................................... T......................................................... .............. 2-3
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175 Users Guide
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Chapter 1
Introduction and Specifications
Contents
Page
Introduction.................................................................................. Simplicity Simpli city .......... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................... ........ Versatility Vers atility .......... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ................ ..... General Safety Considerations ............. ............................ ............................. ......................... ........... Symbols Symb ols .......... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ................... ........ Warnings and Cautions............................................................. Key Featu Features res .......... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ............... .... Instrument Familiarity..................................................................
1-3 1-3 1-3 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-6 1-7
Spec Specifica ifications tions.......... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... .............. ... 1-11 1-10 Accessories...................................................................................
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175 Users Guide
1-2
Introduction Introductio n and Specifications Specifications Introduction
1
Introduction The Fluke Biomedical 175 Electrical Safety Analyzer, hereafter referre referred d to as the “Analyzer”, is a portable instrument used for the evaluating the basic electrical safety of electrical systems, medical devices and physiological instrumentation. Its compact handheld size makes it an ideal addition to a service technician’s or engineer's toolbox for that after-service test, as well as serving as a bench top instrument for the laboratory.
Simplicity The Analyzer is simple to use. A single master function switch, directly labeled with the test to be performed, leads the user through a complete measurement procedure. A single range meter for each measurement avoids potential erroneous erroneous readings. The Analyzer of utilizes simple, yet sophisticated, electronics for true-rms measurement current and voltage. Input impedance uses the AAMI ES11993 or IEC 601-1 test load to compensate for high frequency compone components nts in the measurement. Resistance measurements measurements are made with a four-wire Kelvin bridge to eliminate errors errors due to cable length length and connector resistance.
Versatility Unique to the Analyzer is its capability to make a broad range of point-to-point measurements. measureme nts. These include leakage current and/or voltage gradients and resistance between two points. Thus the Analyzer provides the additional versatility for evaluation of electrical systems, system installation, separate components, transducers, and conventional leakage current measurements. Note For point to point measurements, measurements, optional acce accessory ssory cables mus mustt be purchased.
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175 Users Guide
General Safety Considerations This instrument and related documentation must be reviewed for familiarization with safety markings and instructions before you operate the instrument.
Symbols Table 1-1 describes the symbols used in association with this instrument. Table 1-1. Symbols Symbol
Description
W
Important information; refer to manual.
X
Hazardous voltage
Y
Hazardous voltage
~
Do not dispose of this product as unsorted municipal waste. Go to Fluke’s website for recycling information.
CAT I
IEC Measurement Category I – CAT I equipment designed to protect against transients in equipment on circuits not directly connected to MAINS. Under no circumstances should the terminals of the Analyzer be connected to any MAINS voltage.
Warnings and Cautions A Warning identifies hazardous conditions and actions that could cause bodily harm or death. death. A Caution identifies conditions and actions that could damage the Analyzer, the equipment under test, or cause permanent loss of data.
1-4
Introduction and Specifications Introduction Specifications General Safety Considerations
1
XW Warning To avoid possible electrical shock or personal injury, follow these guidelines: •
Disconnect all patient connections before connecting the device to be tested to the analyzer. Continued connection may jeopardize patient safety by possible application of measurement currents.
•
Ensure the mains installation current rating is adequate for the device under test to avoid overloading the mains installation.
W Caution To avoid possible damage to the Analyzer, follow these guidelines: •
Perform the dual lead leakage test only with an optional black test lead with the clamp with the red insulation (Fluke Biomedical part numbers 2392448 or 2231563) in the jack labeled DUAL. Using a black test lead with the clamp with the black insulation in the DUAL jack may result in a blown internal fuse and false readings of 000 to 002 µA, requiring the unit to be returned for servicing.
•
Ensure that the power requirements for the DUT are within the theV Analyzer, labeled requires as 15 A at 120 V accapabilities and 10 A atof 240 ac. The Analyzer that adapter cables match the appropriate connector for line voltages other than 120V.
•
Do not leave the device under test connected and drawing high load current for extended periods. The Analyzer is not designed for continuous measurements and may overheat.
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175 Users Guide
•
Always pause in the off (middle) position when switching polarity from normal to reverse. Inductive loads of the device under test may create high voltage transients when trying to reverse the direction of current flow instantaneously.
Key Features
1-6
•
Power line integrity
•
Line voltage
•
Instrument current
•
Grounding resistance via 4-wire method
•
Ground leakage current
•
Enclosure (chassis) leakage current
•
Voltage gradients
•
Device-to-device Device-to-devi ce resistance
•
Device-to-device Device-to-dev ice leakage current
•
True-rms measurement
Introduction Introductio n and Specifications Specifications Instrument Familiarity
1
Instrument Familiarity The Analyzer is shown in Figure 1-1, and Table 1-2 describes its labeled components.
1
2
9
1
7 R E P V O L O U O K T L E T
7 5 E L E C T R I C A L S A F E T Y A N A L Y Z E R
1 5 A T 2 Y 5 0 P V E T
3 1 2 0 V O L T S 1 5 A M P
V - L I A N - C E V O - U R L T R S R E µ E A N S - T I S G µ T R A A O - N U µ C C N A H E D - A D A S A U M I A S S L I I C
10
D U A L C H A S S I S
E 6 0 1
12
G C N L D O S E D
N E U C T L R O A S L E D
11 O U O N T P L O E E R T N M G A N L D
8
O P E N R E V E R S E D
O F F
6 5 4
fdx01.eps
Figure 1-1. Fluke Biomedical 175 Electrical Safety Analyzer
1-7
175 Users Guide Table 1-2. Components and Controls of the Analyzer Label
Name
Function
A
Power Cord
B
Outlet Indicators Indicators Verify the polarity a and nd wir wiring ing of the outl outlet et to which the Analyzer is connected; only correctly wired outlets should be used. Not applicable to isolated power systems
C
Test Receptacle Supplies power to the DUT; this outlet is powered if the OUTLET switch is set to NORMAL or REVERSED and the NEUTRAL switch is CLOSED.
D
Outlet Switch
Supplies power to the Electrical Safety Analyzer and to the device under test (DUT); the measurement circuits are energized when the power cord is plugged into an outlet. There is no on/off switch.
If in the center off position, there is no power to the device under test receptacle. This switch permits testing with both NORMAL (forward) and REVERSED polarity of the line. It is recommended that the switch be paused in the center OFF position before changing polarity.
W Caution To avoid possible damage to the switch and avoidthe blowing the internal picoin fuse,topause three-position switch the OFF position.
E
F
1-8
Neutral Switch
Ground Switch
Permits making leakage current measurements under the OPEN condition as required by UL and IEC Permits opening the ground to the device for leakage current measurements
Introduction Introductio n and Specifications Specifications Instrument Familiarity
1
Table 1.2. Components and Controls of the Analyzer (cont.) Label
Name
G
Function Switch
Function Provides direct, one-step selection of the measurement to be made These are line V ac, instrument current, grounding resistance, ground (internal) and chassis (external) leakage currents. A DUAL position is provided to measure leakage current between two points or ground wire resistance between two points.
H
Test Load Selection Switch
Selects either AAMI ES-1 1993 or IEC 601-1 input impedance and frequency response of all leakage current measurements
I
Display
This is a large, ½ inch, high-contrast LCD, 3½digit display of the measured parameter. This will read up to 1999 with decimal points added where required.
J
Fuse
Provides the DUT receptacle overload protection
K
Chassis Connector
Provides the means for inputting the chassis cable with its clip for connection to the DUT chassis or enclosure The chassis ground resistance is measured with the FUNCTION switch in the RESISTANCE position, and the chassis leakage current is measured in the CHASSIS position.
L
Dual Connector
Used to make point-to-point measurements with optional leads available for purchase For leakage and voltage measurements, the black cable with the clamp with black insulation is attached to the CHASSIS connector, and the black cable with the clamp with red insulation is connected to the DUAL connector. For point-topoint resistance measurements, the black cables with the clamps with black insulation are attached to the DUAL and CHASSIS connectors.
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175 Users Guide
Specifications The following are specifications for the Analyzer.
Line Voltage
Range..................................................................... 90 – 240 V ac 50/60 Hz
Accuracy............................................ Accuracy................ ................................................. ..................... ±3 % of reading, ±1 LSD
Load Current Range..................................................................... 0 – 19.99 A Accuracy............................................ Accuracy................ ................................................. ..................... ±5 % of reading, ±1 LSD
Ground Resistance Range..................................................................... 0 – 2.00 Ω Accuracy................ ................................................. Accuracy............................................ ..................... ±1 % of reading, ±1 LSD Range..................................................................... 2.01 – 19.99 Ω Accuracy................ ................................................. Accuracy............................................ ..................... ±3 % of reading, ±1 LSD Current source........................................................ 10 mA dc Type........................................................................ 4-wire bridge
Leakage Current Range..................................................................... 0 – 1999 µ A Accuracy: DC and 25 Hz to 1 kHz....................................... ±1 % of reading, ±3 LSD 1.0 kHz kHz to 100 kHz ............................................. .......................... ................... ±2.5 % of reading, ±3 LSD 100 kHz to 1 MHz............................................... ±5 % of reading, ±3 LSD Type measurement ............................................ ........................... ................. True rms Impedance.......................................................... 1000 Ω, AAMI ESI 1993, or 1000 Ω, IEC 601-1
Current Capacity Line 90 to 140 V ac ................................................ ............................ .................... 15 A; max. on time 10 min min Line over 140 V ac ................................................. ......................... ........................ 10 A
1-10
Introduction Introductio n and Specifications Specifications Accessories
1
Current Consumption ESA 175................................................................ 175.................................... .............................. 0.1 A @ 120 V – 60 Hz
Environmental Operating Oper ating Temperatur Temperature e ............... ...................... ............... ............... ........... .... 15 – 40 °C Storage Temperature............................................. Temperature....................................... ...... -20 – 50 50 °C Relative Humidity Humidity........................... ................................................... ........................ 80 % max. at temperatures up to 31 °C, decreasing linearly to 50 % at 40 °C Mains voltage voltage range range ................ ....................... ............... ................ ............... ....... 90 to 240 V ac
Accessories The following are accessories for the Analyzer. To order, contact your Fluke Biomedical equipment dealer and use the Fluke Biomedical part numbers provided. Table Table 1-3 lists standard acce accessories ssories ship shipped ped with the Analyzer; Ta Table ble 1-4 lists optional accessories. Table 1-3. Standard Accessories Description
Quantity Shipped
Part Number
Users Guide
1
2185754
8-foot black cable – with large clamp with
1
2392409
black insulation
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175 Users Guide Table 1-4. Optional Accessories Description
Part Number
8-foot black cable – with large clamp with black insulation (used for dual lead resistance)
2392409
16-foot black cable – with large clamp with black insulation
2392411
8-foot black cable – with large clamp with red insulation
2392448
16-foot black cable – with large clamp with red insulation
2231563
Soft carrying case
2248864
220 V Adapter kit
2185787
1-12
Chapter 2
Operation
Contents
Page
Preliminary Steps ........... Preliminary ...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ......... Preparing Prep aring the Analy Analyzer zer for Use ..................... ................................ ..................... ................ ...... Verifying the Power Outlet Connections.................................. Measuring Line Voltage............................................................... Measuring Meas uring Devic Devicee Curr Current ent .................... ............................... ..................... .................... .................. ........ Measuring Chassis Grounding Resistance ............... ............................. .................... ...... Measuring Leakage Current......................................................... Ground Groun d Leak Leakage age Cur Current rent .......... .................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ................ .....
2-3 2-4 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-6 2-7 2-8
Chassis (Enclosure) Leakage Current....................................... Point-to-Point Measurements....................................................... Leakage Leaka ge Curr Current ent ........... ...................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ...................... ................. ...... Resistanc Resis tancee ..................... ................................ ..................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ................. ......
2-9 2-10 2-10 2-10
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175 Users Guide
2-2
Operation Preliminary Steps
2
Preliminary Steps The Analyzer measures electrical parameters, as described below. These voltages and currents are a natural phenomenon, phenomenon, and their presence within reasonable limits does not constitute a hazard. However, it is necessary to measure their values to determine if there is a significant change from previous measurements or from the device specifications. Figure 2-1 is a block diagram of a typical line-operated instrument with patient connections. All measured parameters are labeled, and the following topics are keyed to the labels in the diagram.
CL ZI
IL
Hot Grounded Neutral
Data and
VL
ZL
Ground RL
Control CL
Circuits
Isolated Patient
IA
Circuits II
IE
IP
RG
120/220 VAC Chassis
IC
Enclos ure
Earth
fdx02.eps
Figure 2-1. Block Diagram of a Typical DUT
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175 Users Guide
Preparing the Analyzer for Use W X Warning To avoid possible electric shock, burning of the skin, or personal injury to the patient, disconnect all patient connections to the device before starting the following procedure. Prepare the Analyzer for use as follows: 1. Place the Analyzer's switches in the following starting positions: FUNCTION switch FUNCTION switch
V- LINE VOLTS
NEUTRAL switch NEUTRAL switch
CLOSED
OUTLET switch OUTLET switch
OFF [center] OFF [center]
2. Plug the Analyzer into a properly rated power outlet. The Analyzer is equipped with a hospital-grade power plug. Grounding reliability can be achieved only when the Analyzer is connected to an equivalent power receptacle marked "Hospital Grade." Grounding is important for personnel safety and when making some of the tests offered by the Analyzer. Do not circumvent circumvent this step for for any reason.
Verifying the Power Outlet Connections Note Not applicable to isolated power power systems. Three neon lamps indicate the polarity and condition of the outlet being used, as shown in the following chart: REV
OK
2-4
● ●
● ○
● ○
Correct
Reverse
Open
wiring
polarity
ground
○
●
○
○ ○ ○
○ ● ○
Open Open hot
neutral
○ ● ●
Hot / ground reversed
Operation Measuring Line Voltage
2
Note Review all power outlets outlets that do not indicate "correct "correct wiring" and have them corrected by a qualified electrician. If the line is found faulty, correct the problem before proceeding. proceeding. If the line checks OK, plug the device to be tested into the Analyzer's line receptacle.
W X Warning To avoid electrical shock due to faulty DUT, DO NOT touch the metal chassis, any accessible conductiv conductive e part, or terminal of the DUT with mains power applied until all applicable tests have been completed and the product is verified as compliant. Keep fingers behind guards on supplied test accessories and/or remove power from the DUT before making necessary connections.
Measuring Line Voltage Line Voltage [VL] is the mains power supplied by the electrical distribution system of the hospital. It is a three-wire system of HOT, NEUTRAL, and GROUND, with NEUTRAL, like GROUND, returned to true earth at their entry into the building. The Analyzer measurement is made between the HOT and NEUTRAL wires via transformer coupling to isolate the measuring circuits from the line. As recommended, recommende d, measurement of the line voltage with the DUT OFF and then ON indicates whether the line is adequate for the device. To measure line voltage: 1. From the recommended start position, with the FUNCTION switch in the V - LINE VOLTS position, observe that the meter displays the line voltage with a resolution of one volt. TS VOLTS V - LINE VOL ENT URR ENT A - C URR
- RE SIST SIST ANCE
µA µA - GR OUN OUN D D µ A - C H HASS A SS IS IS µA - DUA DUAL L
fdx03.eps
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175 Users Guide
2. With the OUTLET switch in the NORMAL position and the DUT turned on, the meter continues to display line voltage, but under the load of the device being tested. Depending on the device's operating current and the electrical supply wiring, the voltage differential may be significant. 3. Check the value under load against the device's ratings to ensure actual value remains within prescribed prescribe d limits. An excessive drop that maythe indicate that the current carrying capacity of the line is insufficient to maintain the required voltage.
Measuring Device Current Device, or Instrument, Current [IL] is the current used by the DUT. When turned on, the device should be operated in its various modes to determine the worst condition to track. Verify that the current of the DUT is within the current rating of the Analyzer being used. Measurement is made in the HOT wire via transformer coupling to ensure that Measurement the total current is measured, as it is possible that the NEUTRAL and GROUND wire could share the return path. To measure device current: 1. Switch the FUNCTION switch to A - CURRENT. The meter displays the device's current to 19.99 A. 2. Place the OUTLET switch in the NORMAL position; the NEUTRAL switch remains in the CLOSED position. 3. Turn on thereading. device and place it in its maximum load condition to obtain the proper 4. Log this data to note changes in values that indicate early problems.
Measuring Chassis Grounding Resistance Note This test is only applicable to devices utilizing three-wire (grounded) power cords. Ground Wire Resistance [R G] (chassis grounding resistance) is the resistance from the device's conductive grounded conductive grounded chassis chassis to the grounding terminal on the receptacle into which it is plugged. The resistance is largely composed of
2-6
Operation Measuring Leakage Current
2
the GROUND wire in the power cable and is directly proportional to its length.
XW Warning To possible shock or personal injury, run thisavoid test before anyelectrical other test that might place potentially hazardous voltages and currents on the chassis of a miswired or broken device. To measure chassis grounding resistance: 1. Connect the standard cable (supplied with unit) that has a black cable with the clamp with black insulation to the CHASSIS connector on the front panel of the Analyzer. Analyzer. 2. Clamp the clip of the cable to the DUT exposed chassis or the enclosure, if conductive. Resistance is measured between the clip on the black chassis cable and the grounding pin receptacle of the Analyzer. Ensure that bare metal is reached and that both jaws j aws of the clip are in contact with the chassis. Metal labels or incidental conductive hardware should not be used for this test. If a non-conducting enclosure is used and no chassis is readily accessible, a safety ground terminal can be used. 3. Once connection is made, rotate the FUNCTION switch to - RESISTANCE and read its value directly from the meter in ohms, up to 19.99 Ω. Note The OUTLET switch should be in the OFF (center) position for this measurement.
Measuring Leakage Current Leakage current current is the flow of current through or over the surface of an insulating material or insulator. For example, if a person comes in contact with an operational device, leakage current is the amount of current that flows from the point where the person came in contact with the device product, through the person’s body, and back to ground. Measurement of leakage current is required on all mains power products.
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Ground Leakage Current Ground Leakage Current [IE] (internal chassis current) is the current that flows in the ground wire of the power cable to return the chassis leakage current to true earth ground. It is only applicable to devices utilizing three-wire (grounded) power cords. This current does not constitute a hazard as long as the ground wire remains intact and the current does not become excessive. Leakage current is due to the proximity of the hot wire or line potential components components to the chassis represented by ZL, a combination of capacitance, CL, and resistance, R L, components. Note The connection is made internally in the Analyzer, so no external connectors are required for this test. To measure ground leakage current: 1. Set the FUNCTION switch to GROUND. The leakage current is displayed in microamperes, up to 1999 µA. 2. Make measurements under all combinations of the OUTLET switch, NORMAL and REVERSE; the NEUTRAL switch CLOSED and OPEN; and with the t he device power turned ON and OFF. Power to the outlet is OFF when the NEUTRAL switch is in the OPEN position.
W Caution To avoid possible damage to the Analyzer, always pause in the off (middle) position when switching polarity from NORMAL to REVERSE. Inductive loads of the device under test may create high voltage transients when trying to reverse the direction of current flow instantaneously.
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Operation Measuring Leakage Current
2
Chassis (Enclosure) Leakage Current Chassis [Enclosure] Leakage Current [IC] flows between the accessible conductive chassis or enclosure and earth (ground) measured through a 1,000 Ω impedance. The Analyzer measures chassis leakage from the exposed metal part on the DUT, through the black cable and the selected load, back to the ground. To measure chassis leakage current: 1. Connect the standard cable (supplied with unit) that has a black cable with the clamp that has black insulation to the CHASSIS connector on the front of the Analyzer. 1. Clamp the clip on the t he cable to access conductive sections of the chassis and the enclosure. Metal labels or incidental conductive hardware are not applicable for this test. If a non-conduc non-conducting ting enclosure is used, present standards require connection to the enclosure via a 200 cm² conductive foil in intimate int imate contact with the enclosure. This can be accomplished with a 14 X 14 cm (5.5 X 5.5 in) piece of aluminum foil taped to the surface and the cable clipped to the foil. 2. To make the measurement, place the FUNCTION switch in the CHASSIS position and read the display in microamperes.
4. Make measurements under all combinations of the OUTLET switch, NORMAL and REVERSE; the GROUND switch CLOSED and OPEN; the NEUTRAL switch CLOSED and OPEN; and with the device power turned ON and OFF. Power to the outlet is OFF when the NEUTRAL switch is in the OPEN position.
W Caution To avoid possible damage to the Analyzer, always pause in the off (middle) position when switching polarity from NORMAL to REVERSE. Inductive loads of the device under test may create high voltage transients when trying to reverse the direction of current flow instantaneously.
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Point-to-Point Measurements The Analyzer provides the capability of making point-to-point leakage current resistance measurements measurements between selected points, otherwise known as a duallead measurement. Note Additional optional accessory accessory cables must be purchased tto o perform these tests.
Leakage Current Leakage Current between two points is also measured for permanently installed equipment as additional verification of the integrity of the installation. These measurements are equivalent, as the relationship between volts and current across 1,000 Ω is one mV per µA. To measure leakage current between two points: 1. Isolate the measurement circuit from ground; do not plug any device into the Analyzer's receptacle. 2. Connect the black cable with the clamp with black insulation to the CHASSIS connector and the black cable with the clamp with red insulation to the DUAL connector. 3. Set the FUNCTION switch in the DUAL position. 4. Clip the two cables to the two points for which the leakage current is to be measured. The meter displays the leakage current between the two points to 1999 µA. The number displayed is also the voltage gradient in millivolts between the two points based on a volt meter with an input impedance of 1000 Ω.
Resistance Resistance measurements measurements between two points are made to verify the integrity of permanently installed equipment whose ground cannot be broken to measure the chassis leakage current. These are usually high-power devices that can have high leakage currents and depend on the bonding of all chassis to a common point for safety.
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Operation Point-to-Point Measurements
2
To measure resistance between two points: 1. Disconnect any device attached to the Analyzer instrument receptacle. 2. Turn off any electrical devices to be tested. 3. Connect two black cables with clamps with black insulation to the CHASSIS and DUAL connectors, and clip onto the two points to be measured. 4. Set the FUNCTION switch to - RESISTANCE, and the display will show the resistance between the two points. 5. To compensate for possible dc components in the leakage current flowing between the two points, points, reverse the two clips and and average the re readings. adings.
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Chapter 3
Maintenance and Service
Contents
Page
Maintenance................................................................................. Avoiding Avoidi ng Damage Damage ..................... ................................ ...................... ...................... ...................... .............. ... Cleaning Cleani ng ...................... ................................ ..................... ...................... ...................... ..................... .................. ........ Service and Calibration................................................................ Packing Packi ng Instruction Instructionss ........... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............ .. Shipping Shippi ng ..................... ................................ ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... .........
3-3 3-3 3-3 3-4 3-4 3-5
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Maintenance Maintenanc e and Service Maintenance
3
Maintenance The Analyzer requires little maintenance or special care; however, it is a calibrated measuring instrument and should be treated as such. The following describes how to maintain the Analyzer.
Avoiding Damage Do not drop the instrument or subject it to any mechanical abuse that could cause a shift in the calibrated settings.
W Caution To avoid damage to the Analyzer or adverse affects on its performance,, do not expose the system to temperature performance extremes. Ambient temperatures should remain between 15° C and 40° C.
Cleaning Clean the exterior of the Analyzer occasionally with a cloth dampened with a mild detergent solution. Take care to keep liquids out of the device.
W Caution To avoid damage to the Analyzer or adverse affects on its performance, clean it only with a clean, lint-free cloth dampened with a mild detergent solution. Do not spray liquids on or immerse the unit. Carefully wipe down the cables and inspect them for damage and deterioration of the insulation. Check the cable connections for integrity of the cable clamp and strain relief.
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Service and Calibration If your new Analyzer fails to operate successfully, please contact Fluke Biomedical Service Center immediately, as indicated under Warranty and Product Support Support .
W Caution To avoid damage to the Analyzer or adverse affects on its performance,, allow only qualified technical personnel to performance service the Analyzer. Annual calibration of the Analyzer by an authorized Fluke Biomedical Service Center is recommended. Fluke Biomedical Service Centers have the appropriate tools and procedures for performing calibrations as well as factoryauthorized updates. International customers service/product service/produc t support.should contact their Fluke Biomedical dealers for To obtain the name of your local dealer or service center, contact Fluke Biomedical as indicated under Return under Return Procedures, Procedures, Repair an and d Calibration Calibration..
Packing Instructions If repairs are required, return the Analyzer to the factory or the nearest service center, as follows: 1. Before returning the Analyzer for factory service, contact the Fluke Biomedical Service Center for a required Return Authorization Number. 2. Provide the following information: •
The Analyzer serial number
•
The specific steps that reproduce the problem
•
A daytime phone number
•
Your name/company
•
A fax number (if available)
3. Pack the instrument carefully, using the original packing materials. If the original packing materials are not available, refer to Return to Return Procedure Procedure”” for a list of preferre preferred d materials or contact Fluke Biomedical for
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Maintenance and Service Maintenance Service and Calibration
3
replacement packing. Failure to pack the instrument properly could void your warranty.
Shipping 1. Place the Return Authorization Number in a prominent place on the outside of the packing box, and refer to the number in any correspondence with Fluke Biomedical Service. 2. Enclose your return address and Return Authorization Number. 3. Insure the unit for full retail value and ship to the nearest Fluke Biomedical service center.
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Appendices
Appendix A
Title
Page
Abbreviations............................................................................... A-1 A-1
175 Users Guide
Appendix A
Abbreviations
Abbreviations The following list includes abbreviations used in this document. A
ampere
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
AAMI
Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation
BLU
blue (color)
BPM
beats per minute
dB
decibel
°C
degrees Celsius (centigrade)
CQM
Contact Quality Monitor
DMM
digital multimeter
DUT
device under test
EEPROM
electrically erasable PROM
ECG
electrocardiograp electrocardiograph h or electrocardiogram
ESU
Electrosurgery Unit
EUT
equipment under test
°F
degrees Fahrenheit
GRA
gray (color)
GRN
green (color)
Hz
hertz
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in
inch
J
Joules
k
kilo (10 )
kg
kilogram
kHz
kilohertz
kΩ
kilohm
lb
pound
LED
light-emitting diode
LCD
liquid crystal display
M
meg(a) (10 )
MHz MΩ
megahertz megohm
m
meter
m
milli (10 )
mA
milliampere
mm
millimeter
mV
millivolt
p-p
peak-to-peak
REM
Return Electrode Monitor
s
second
YEL
yellow (color)
µ
micro (10 )
µA
microampere
µV
microvolt
Ω
ohm
A-2
3
6
-3
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