Manual Enchentes-Smalest

 

MFBTFO ND ZFOQFMDB^K DM DBJLDB^D D @BTBNFÃÊK

   

FCXFNDJ@MDB^KZ5

Wr`md`rfmdbtd f Ndus, qud à f rfzêk nf m`blf dx`ståbj`f d pkr sdr rdspkbsævdo pkr md afz afzdr dr `bstrumdbtk nf suf vkbtfnd. Fk ^db ^rds`bfr`, qud fjrdn`tku dm mdu pktdbj`fo ftrfvàs nd umf s`mpods `bstruãêk d md adz husjfr k jkbldj`mdbtk bdjdssær`k pfrf afzdr dstd mfbufo d ndn`jfr-md ç ærdf nd Ndsfstrds Bfturf`s. Fk Jfp Q`fbf qud fjd`tku k ndsfstk nd md kr`dbtfr bdstd trfhfolk d md ndu fpk`k bks mkmdbtks n`aíjd`s qud pdbsd` dm nds`st`r. Ç m`blf afmío`f, qud jkmprddbnd f m`blf fusåbj`f pdof vkbtfnd nd sfovfr v`nfs. Fk @bstrutkr @bstr utkr ^lkmfs Zjlkbdr, d fk ^dbdbtd Aæh`k Aæh` k JHMZJ, qud m`b`strfrfm k Jursk nd Zfovfmdbtk dm Dbjldbtds d @bubnfãôds dm Zfbtf Jftfr`bf, d md jkmpfrt`olfrfm k jkbldj`mdbtk bdjdssær`k pfrf dsjrdvdr dstd Mfbufo. Ç dqu`pd qud um n`f sd jlfmku CZZD@, qud md adz jrdsjdr jkmk hkmhd`rk, jkmk pdsskf d dbtdbndr f `mpkrtèbj`f nk bkssk trfhfolk. Ç tknks ks Hkmhd`rks qud du jkbv`vk, jkbv`vk, d jkbv`v`, pk`s jfnf um jkbtr`hu`u jkm pfrjdof nd jkbldj`mdbtk qud fqu` dstæ.

Wk`s dbqufbtk Ndus t`vdr sdrvks sdr vks fqu` bf tdrrf, bús hkmhd`rks dstfrdmks outfbnk  pkr umf jfusf dm jkmum. ‟F QKB^ QKB^FND FND FJ@MF NF WKZZ@H@O@NFND” WKZZ@H@ O@NFND”

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ZTMÆX@K

6. DBJLDB^DZ D @BTBNFÃÔDZ 8. DVT@WFMDB^KZ WFXF ZFOQFMDB^K DM DBJLDB^DZ :. ZDCTXFBÃF BFZ KWDXFÃÔDZ :.6. Kr`dbtfãêk nk Jursk N‐æcuf :.8. Fãôds nd Zdcurfbãf :.:. Fbæo`sd nd X`sjk/Hdbdaíj`k :.6.6. WDX@CKZ 87 :.6.8.. XDZCF^ :.6.8 XDZCF^FX \ XDJTWDX XDJTWDXFX FX :.>. ^àjb`jfs d Lfh`o`nfnds pfrf Futk Zdcurfbãf :.>.6. WKZ@ÃÊK ND BFNK NDADBZ@QK :.>.8. WKZ@ÃÊK ND BFNK FCXDZZ@QK FCXDZZ@QK KT KADBZ@QK >. DZ^XF^ÀC@F D WOFBDEFMDB^K NFZ KWDXFÃÔDZ >.6. Jkmub`jfãêk bfs Kpdrfãôds >.8. Odvfbtfmdbtk Odvfbtfmdbtk nd @bakrmfãôds bf Jdbf 4.^ÀJB@JFZ ND HTZJF D ZFOQFMDB^K DM DBJLDB^DZ 4.6. Fojfbãfr 4.8. Frrdmdssk 4.:. Kpdrfãôds jkm Hktds 4.>. Fndbtrfmdbtk bf Æcuf 4.>.6. AKXMFÃÊK DM O@BLF 4.>.8. AKXMFÃÊK DM ‟Q” 4.4. Fndbtrfmdbtk bf Æcuf pfrf Xdscftd Xdscftd dm Qdíjuoks Qdíjuoks d Xds`nåbj`fs 4.1.Z jkm Bfnfnkr Fotf Q Qdokj`nfnd dokj`nfnd ku @sjf Q`vf 4.1.6.fovfmdbtk XDVT@Z@^KZ MÍB@MKZnd WFXF KWDXFÃÊK 4.1.8. WXKJDN@MDB^KZ 1. ZFOQ ZFOQFMDB^K JKM JKM LDO@JÚW^DXK LDO@JÚW^DXK 3. ^XF^FMDB^K NFZ QÍ^@MFZ ND ZFOQFMDB^K DM DBJLDB^DZ : jkrnf prdsfs dm >4µ pfrf rdjupdrfãêk nd vít`mfs 1

 

A`curf >> Kpdrfãêk Kitkpus jkm hktd A`curf >4 Kjkrråbj`f nd kpdrfãêk Kitkpus jkm Hktd A`curf >1 Fndbtrfmdbtk dm o`blf A`curf >3 Akrmfãêk dm o`blf A`curf >< Fndbtrfmdbtk dm Q A`curf >0 akrmfãêk dm Q A`curf 47 fprkx`mfãêk jkm hktd ( Fnvfbjdn sw`atwftdr sw`atwftdr tdjlb`j`fb rdsjud jkursd 8766) A`curf 46 Xdt`rfnf nd vít`mf (Fnvf (Fnvfbjdn bjdn sw`atwftdr sw`atwftdr tdjlb`j`fb rdsjud jkursd 8766) A`curf 48 Fprkx`mfãêk jkm màtknk `sjf v`vf (Fnvfbjdn (Fnvfbjdn sw`atwftdr tdjlb`j`fb rdsjud jkursd 8766) A`curf 4: Xdt`rfnf nd vít`mf `olfnf dm vdíjuok A`curf 4> Wdsskfs `olfnfs dm jfrrk. Akbtd5 pkrtfo X3 A`curf 44 Wdsskfs `olfnfs dm jfsf Akbtd5 pkrtfo pkrt fo X3 A`curf 41 Z`stdmf nd skoturf ræp`nf A`curf 43 @sjf v`vf prkbtk pfrf dbtrfr (Fnvfbjdn sw`atwftdr sw`atwftdr tdjlb`j`fb rdsjud jkursd 8766) A`curf 4< Fprkx`mfãêk `sjf v`vf (Fnvfbjdn sw`atwftdr tdjlb`j`fb rdsjud jkursd 8766) A`curf 40 @sjf v`vf s`bfo`zfbnk pfrf rdjkoldr r djkoldr (Fnvfbjdn sw`atwftdr tdjlb`j`fb rdsjud jkursd 8766) A`curf 17 @sjf v`vf (sw`atwftdr rdsjud stdon cu`nd kpdrft`kbs) A`curf 16 Dxdmpok nd s`tufãêk nd prkjdn`mdbtk @sjf-Q`vf A`curf 18 Zfovfmdbtk ut`o`zfbnk fdrkbfvd. A`curf qudbtd.1: ^`pk nd fhr`ck qud pknd sdr ut`o`zfnk jkmk pkbtk A`curf 1> Qít`mf l`pktàrm`jf pdof pdrnf nd jfokr pfrf æcuf. A`curf 14 Màtknk ut`o`zfnk f`bnf ndbtrk nk fmh`dbtd fquæt`jk pfrf mdbkr pdrnf nd jfokr. A`curf 11 Akbtd M^H 67 Zêk Wfuok Wfuok A`curf 13 Akbtd M^H 67 Zêk Wfuok Wfuok A`curf 1< fbkrfcdm (Fnvfbjdn sw`atwftdr sw`atwftdr tdjlb`j`fb rdsjud jkursd 8766) A`curf 10 Z`stdmf W`ctdjlb`j`fb X`c >56 Fbjkrfcdm d Z`stdmf (Fnvfbjdn sw`atwftdr sw`atwftdr rdsjud jkursd 8766)

3

 

WXDAÆJ@K

Nurfbtd ks õot`mks fbks tdmks khsdrvfnk um jrdsjdbtd bõmdrk nd kjkrråbj`fs dbvkovdbnk s`tufãôds nd dbjldbtds d `bubnfãôds dm tknk k Dstfnk nd M`bfs Cdrf`s. Jkm k fumdbtk nf pkpuofãêk hdm jkmk nf ndbs`nfnd ndmkcræstjf nd focumfs okjfo`nfnds d pr`bj`pfomdbtd f kjupfãêk ndskrndbfnf dm ærdfs nd r`sjk, dstd t`pk nd kjkrråbj`f tdm sd tkrbfnk mf`s jkmpodxf, dx`c`bnk mf`kr prdpfrk, trd`bfmdbtk d lfh`o`nfnd nfs tàjb`jfs dmprdcfnfs pkr pfrtd nks hkmhd`rks m`o`tfrds. m`o`tfrds. K prdsdbtd mfbufo tdm pkr khedt`vk fux`o`fr k hkmhd`rk m`o`tfr f ndsdbvkovdr dstrftàc`fs d dmprdcfr tàjb`jfs nd n`vdrsfs ærdfs jkmk sfovfmdbtk dm foturf, sfovfmdbtk jkm dmhfrjfãôds, sfovfmdbtk tdrrdstrd d sfovfmdbtk fquæt`jk ndbtrd kutrfs, pfrf bkrtdæ-ok dm kpdrfãôds dm okjf`s nd `bubnfãôds d dbjldbtds jkm jfrfjtdríst`jfs pdjuo`frds fk dstfnk nd M`bfs Cdrf`s. Ftufomdbtd bêk pundmks vdr`stjfr nkutr`bfs dspdjístjfs nd sfovfmdbtk dm dbjldbtds fpdsfr nd dx`st`rdm mfbuf`s jkm dstf ndbkm`bfãêk. Ak` vdr`stjfnk qud f prft`jf nd rfat`bc adz jkm qud surc`ssdm nkutr`bfs skhrd sfovfmdbtks dm ‟æcufs ræp`nfs” ku jkrrdnd`rfs. Tmf nkutr`bf dspdjístjf nd sfovfmdbtk dm dbjldbtds jkmk focubs mfbuf`s nk Hrfs`o sd `bt`tuofm, mkstrfm tàjb`jfs nd sfovfmdbtk dm jkrrdnd`rfs tdbnk dm v`stf qud à k qud mf`s sd fprkx`mfm nd um sfovfmdbtk dm okjf`s `bubnfnks. K mfbufo tàjb`jk nk Jkrpk nd Hkmhd`rks Hkmhd`rks nd Zêk Wfuok jofss`stjf kjkrråbj`fs nd dbjldbtds d `bubnfãôds jkmknd típ`jfs nd sfovfmdbtk fquæt`jk, pkràm umf fbæo`sd m`buj`ksf, n`vdrsks mfbuf`s fmdr`jfbks d focubs durkpdus, bks dv`ndbj`fm qud fs tàjb`jfs ut`o`zfnfs, sd n`vdrcdm nfs nd sfovfmdbtk fquæt`jk. Ndv`nk f dstf pdjuo`fr`nfnd, k `ndfo à qud trftdmks, fss`m jkmk kutrks crupks, k sfovfmdbtk dm dbjldbtds d jkrrdbtdzfs jkmk umf ærdf n`st`btf d m`stf.   K sfovfmdbtk dm dbjldbtds, jkrrdbtdzfs d dm `bubnfãôds, sd jfrfjtdr`zf pkr umf ærdf nd sfovfmdbtk dspdjístjf fpdsfr nd dmprdcfr tàjb`jfs vær`fs qufbt`nfnd kutrfs ærdfsnddmæcuf. um fmh`dbtd tdrrdstrd qud ak` tkmfnk pkrndcrfbnd Dstd dxjdssk nd æcuf pknd kjkrrdr ndv`nk f crfbnd prdj`p`tfãêk pouv`kmàtr`jf qud <

 

bêk pþnd sdr dsjkfnf, pkr trfbshkrnk nf jfolf n‐æcuf nd um r`k, fhdrturf nd jkmpkrtfs nd akrmf `btdbj`kbfo pfrf sd dv`tfr um mfo mf`kr jkmk k rkmp`mdbtk nfs mdsmfs ndv`nk f um mf`kr bívdo nd æcuf. Dbcokhfrdmks tfmhàm ks r`ks jkmk okjf`s ndstd t`pk nd kjkrråbj`f, tdbnk dm v`stf qud k trfbshkrnk ndstd md`k fquæt`jk afz jkm qud bêk lfef n`adrdbj`fãêk ndod jkm k md`k tdrrdstrd. Qfod rdssfotfr qud fs tàjb`jfs dmprdcfnfs dm r`k, bfs sufs jkbn`ãôds bkrmf`s (sdm k trfbshkrnfmdbtk nf jfolf n‐æcuf) sd jfrfjtdr`zfm jkmk tàjb`jfs um pkujk n`vdrcdbtds. Fs tàjb`jfs fqu` dbs`bfnfs v`sfm afj`o`tfr k trfhfolk bfs kjkrråbj`fs, mfs odmhrfmks qud fãôds nd jkbsj`dbt`zfãêk nf pkpuofãêk sêk fs qud mf`s surtdm dad`tks f stm nd dv`tfr mf`krds nfbks.  

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67

 

6.

DBJLDB^DZ D @BTBNFÃÔDZ

Dbjldbtd bêk à, bdjdssfr`fmdbtd, s`bþb`mk nd jftæstrkad. À fpdbfs um adbþmdbk bfturfo nks rdc`mds nks r`ks. Bêk dx`std r`k sdm dbjldbtd. Wkr kutrk ofnk, tknk d qufoqudr r`k tdm suf ærdf bfturfo nd `bubnfãêk. Fs `bubnfãôds pfssfm f sdr um prkhodmf pfrf k lkmdm qufbnk dod nd`xf nd rdspd`tfr ks o`m`tds bfturf`s nks r`ks. Fs dbjldbtds kjkrrdm jkm mdbks prdeuízks dm ærdfs rurf`s, pk`s k skok hdm jkmk f vdcdtfãêk sd jkmprkmdtdm f afzdr f ‟do`m`bfãêk” nf æcuf pdof sujãêk nf mdsmf prkvkjfbnk mdbkrds nfbks. Bkrmfomdbtd kjkrrdm jkm mdbks akrãf bêk ft`bc`bnk jkbs`ndrævd`s foturfs, bfs jkbn`ãôds pouv`kmàtr`jfs bkrmf`s. Eæ bks jdbtrks urhfbks, kbnd kjkrrdm `btdradråbj`fs ftrfvàs nf `mpdrmdfh`o`zfãêk nk skok, qufbnk læ crfbnd prdj`p`tfãêk pouv`kmàtr`jf, pouv`kmàtr `jf, mu`tfs ærdfs pkndm sdr fofcfnfs mdsmk sdm lfv lfvdr dr r`ks pkr pdrtk, d f dstds adbþmdbks ak` jkbjdh`nk k bkmd pkpuofr nd dbjldbtds ku `bubnfãôds. Bfs j`nfnds fs dbjldbtds trfzdm crfbnds prdeuízks, tdbnk dm v`stfs qud mu`tfs vdzds f æcuf bêk pkssu` okjfo fndqufnk nd dsjkfmdbtk dsjkfmdbtk afz afzdbnk dbnk jkm qud f pkpuofãêk skarf jkm k dxjdssk nd æcuf qud dstæ bk md`k urhfb`zfnk. Dstf urhfb`zfãêk bêk dstæ o`cfnf f pfnrôds nd crfbnds jdbtrks d s`m f rdadråbj`fs nd okjf`s kbnd læ jkbstruãêk lumfbf, eæ qud mu`tfs vdzds ærdfs rurf`s tfmhàm sêk ft`bc`nfs pdok trfbshkrnk nk r`k jfusfbnk crfbnds dstrfcks. Fs `btdradråbj`fs lumfbfs kjkrrdm dm vær`ks dstæc`ks jkmdãfbnk pdof aubnfãêk nd l`nrkcræstjfs, j`nfnds dm o`m`tds nd r`ks, pdofs fotdrfãôds rdfo`zfnfs dm hfj`fs pdofs jkbstruãôds mfo prkedtfnfs nd n`quds, hud`rks d kutrks rdspkbsævd`s pdof dvfjufãêk nfs æcufs. Ks ndpús`tks drrþbdks nd o`xk dm v`fs põho`jfs, qud jkm f akrãf nfs æcufs sêk frrfstfnks, jfusfm k dbtup`mdbtk nks okjf`s nd dsjkfmdbtk nd fcrfvfbnk dstd qufnrk.

66

 

A`curf 6 - Wdrsto dsqudmæt`jk nk prkjdssk nd dbjldbtd d `bubnfãêk (Akbtd5 M`b. J`nfnds/@W^, 8773).

FOCTMFZ NDA@B@ÃÔDZ5 rdprdsdbtf nfs æcufs nd um@bubnfãêk5 jursk n‐æcuf, ft`bc`bnkk ftrfbshkrnfmdbtk pofbíj`d nd `bubnfãêk ku ærdf nd værzdf. Fs dbjldbtds ku jld`fs sêk ndstb`nfs pdof dodvfãêk nk bívdo n‐æcuf bk jfbfo nd nrdbfcdm ndv`nk fk fumdbtk nf vfzêk, ft`bc`bnk f jktf mæx`mf nk jfbfo, pkràm, sdm dxtrfvfsfr. K fofcfmdbtk à um mkmdbtèbdk nd nrdbfcdm. æcufs dm ndtdrm ndtdrm`bfnks `bfnks okjf`s pkrfjõmuok ndstj`åbj`f bk s`stdmf nd F dbxurrfnf à dsjkfmdbtk supdrstj`fo jkbjdbtrfnk d jkm fotf dbdrc`f nd trfbspkrtd, qud pknd ku bêk dstfr fsskj`fnk f ærdfs nd nkmíb`k nks prkjdssks ﬈uv`f`s.

68

 

Jkmk jkbsdqÿåbj`f nfs dbjldbtds d `bubnfãôds pkndmks ndstfjfr5 Ndstru`ãêk nd jkbstruãôds lumfbfs9

A`curf 8 Ndstru`ãêk nf j`nfnd nd Wdtrúpko`s 8766 Wkrtfo X3

Jkbtfm`bfãêk nf æcuf pkr prknutks túx`jks9 Fumdbtk nd `bj`nåbj`f nd nkdbãfs jkmk odptksp`rksd, fmdhífsd ndbtrd kutrfs9 Jkbtfm`bfãêk nd fo`mdbtks9 Fakcfmdbtks9 Wdsskfs `olfnfs dm rds`nåbj`fs d futkmúvd`s,

A`curf : Wdsskfs `olfnfs dm þb`hus Hdok Lkr`zkbtd 8766, Wkrtfo C6

6:

 

Wdsskfs frrfstfnfs pdofs jkrrdbtdzfs

A`curf > Muoldr frrfstfnf pdof jkrrdbtdzf, Wkrtfo X3

Zêk bdstfs nufs õot`mfs s`tufãôds qud sd dbqufnrfm f mf`kr`f nfs kjkrråbj`fsFnd sfovfmdbtk `mdn`ftk dm dbjldbtds, jkrrdbtdzfs d `bubnfãôds. pfrt`r ndstd qufnrk `rdmks ndsjrdvdr ks mftdr`f`s, tàjb`jfs hdm jkmk dstrftàc`fs pfrf rdfo`zfr k skjkrrk nd vít`mfs.

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8.

DVT@W DVT@WFMD FMDB^KZ B^KZ WFXF ZFOQ ZFOQFMDB^K FMDB^K DM DBJLDB DBJLDB^DZ ^DZ Jfpfjdtd t`pk rfat`bc.

Fp`tk. Jkodtd Zfovf-Q`nfs. Afjf

Ofãk pfrf frrdmdssk nf jkrnf. Bêk ndvd sdr jkokjfnk dm vkotf nk puosk. Zfjk nd frrdmdssk.

Jfoãfnk strmd qud nå prktdãêk fk tkrbkzdok.

A`curf 4 M`o`tfr dqu`pfnk pfrf sfovfmdbtk dm dbjldbtds

64

 

Jfpfjdtd nk t`pk rfat`bc5 jfpfjdtd vfzfnk pfrf bêk fjumuofr æcuf, jkm prktdãêk pfrf krdolfs d bujf9

A`curf 1 jfpfjdtd t`pk rfa`bc, prktdãêk fur`juofr feustfvdo.

Fp`tk9 Jkodtd nd sfovfmdbtk dm dbjldbtds5 n`adrdbtd nks jkodtds sfovf v`nfs ks jkodtds nd sfovfmdbtk dm dbjldbtds tåm okjf`s pfrf jkokjfr kutrks mftdr`f`s, tåm adjlk d stvdof nd skoturf ræp`nf, feustd ræp`nk, kpãêk pfrf fumdbtfr f ﬈utufh`o`nfnd ftrfvàs nd `bsu﬈fãêk, foãf mksqudtkbævdo. Ftufomdbtd k JHMMC pkssu` jkodtds sfovf v`nfs qud bêk `mpdndm k ndsdbvkov`mdbtk nfs ft`v`nfnds, mfs pkndm n`stjuotfr focumfs fãôds nd sfovfmdbtk.

A`curf 30 d 67 jkodtd `b﬈ævdo pfrf sfovfmdbtk dm jkrrdnd`rfs, jkm foãf mksqudtkbævdo.

61

 

 

A`curf < Mkndok nks ftuf`s jkodtds sfovf v`nfs nk JHMMC

Zfjk nd frrdmdssk5 dstd mftdr`fo afj`o`tf k frrdmdssk nd jkrnfs dm okbcfs n`stèbj`fs, tdm hurfjks pfrf afj`o`tfr f vfzêk nd æcuf d sêk jkbadjj`kbfnks dm mftdr`fo qud tdm f ﬈utufh`o`nfnd pks`t`vf, jkmpkrtfr`fm jdrjf nd 64 f 84 mdtrks nd jkrnf, ndpdbndbnk nk sdu n`èmdtrk9

A`curf 0 Zfjk nd frrdmdssk pfrf jkrnf nd ftà 87 mdtrks

63

 

Xkupfs nd Bdkprdbd5 prktdcdm k m`o`tfr nd khedtks jkr jkrtfbtds tfbtds d ku pdraurfbtds qud pkssfm ndsjdr jkm f jkrrdbtdzf d nd l`pktdrm`f, tdbnk dm v`stf qud f æcuf jkbnuz k jfokr pfrf okbcd nk jkrpk 84 vdzds mf`s ræp`nk qud k fr ç mdsmf tdmpdrfturf. F rkupf nd bdkprdbd n`stjuotf f trkjf nf æcuf qud dstæ dm jkbtftk jkm k jkrpk jkr pk jkm f æcuf nk md`k dxtdrbk, trfzdbnk mf`kr `skofmdbtk tàrm`jk. Bubjf sd ndvd ut`o`zfr rkupfs nd jkmhftd f `bjåbn`k pfrf dstds t`pks nd sfovfmdbtk, tdbnk dm v`stf qud fs mdsmfs, fjumuofm crfbnd qufbt`nfnd nd æcuf d n`stjuotfm fs fãôds nks m`o`tfrds.

A`curf 67 Xkupfs nd Mdrcuolk, jkbldj`nfs bk JHMMC jkmk Bdkprdbd

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Jfoãfnks5 ndvdm sdr ríc`nks, nd mfbd`rf qud nådm dstfh`o`nfnd fk tkrbkzdok Ndv`nk ç akrãf nf jkrrdbtdzf, fs hktfs nd Jokrkprdbd pkndm sdr ut`o`zfnfs, pkràm bêk kadrdjd f dstfh`o`nfnd bdjdssær`f fk tkrbkzdok9

A`curf 66 Jkturbk nd bdkprdbd

Hfstêk5 dstd mftdr`fo pknd sdr `mprkv`sfnk jkm jfhk nd vfsskurf, fpdsfr nd eæ dx`st`rdm dx`st`rdm hfstôds dspdjí dspdjístjks stjks nd jfm`blfnfs qud pkndm sdr ut`o`zfnks9 Jkrnfs5 nd prdadråbj`fs jkrnfs nd pko`prkp`odbk qud ﬈utufm bf supdraíj`d nf æcuf. Zêk mf`s aæjd`s nd sdjfr d dm jkbtftk jkm æcuf bêk stjfm têk ‟pdsfnfs”. Hktds5 ks hktds `ndf`s sêk ks `b﬈ævd`s f rdmk eæ qud kutrks t`pks pkndm sdr nfb`stjfnks pkr khedtks qud ndsjdm eubtfmdbtd jkm f jkrrdbtdzf.

60

 

A`curf 68 M`o`tfr jkm dqu`pfmdbtk jkmpodtk nd sfovfmdbtk dm dbjldbtds.

87

 

 

:. ZDCTXFBÃF BFZ KWDXFÃÔDZ

^knf kpdrfãêk Hkmhd`rk M`o`tfr à pfutfnf pdof prktdãêk nf dqu`pd d nk md`k dm qud sd vf` ndsdbvkovdr k jdbær`k nf kjkrråbj`f. À bdjdssær`k jkbldjdr fs pfrt`juofr`nfnds nk jdbær`k kbnd `ræ lfvdr f ftufãêk d ndsdbvkovdr mdtknkokc`fs qud sdefm ZDMWXD rdspd`tfnfs pfrf qud pkssfmks pkssfmks khtdr sujdssk bfs kpdrfãôds. W Wfrf frf tfbtk ndo`m`tfmks fs ærdfs nd mf`kr pdr`juoks`nfnd, ndbkm`bfbnkfs jkmk ærdf qudbtd mkrbf d ar`f, sdbnk qud ks m`o`tfrds qud dst`vdrdm bfs zkbfs qudbtds d mkrbf ndvdrêk dstfr sdmprd jkm dqu`pfmdbtk jkmpodtk5

86

 

:.6. Bkãôds nd L`nrkokc`f  

X`k Fhf`xk Mfrcdm n`rd`tf Mfrcdm dsqudrnf

Jkrrdbtdzf X`k fj`mf

A`curf 6: Xddrdbj`fo nd X`ks

Dstds tdrmks tfmhàm pkndm sdr ut`o`zfnks dm um fmh`dbtd urhfbk odmhrfbnk-sd qud bdstd jfsk bêk o`nfmks jkm r`ks d s`m jkm `bubnfãêk, mfs pfrf afj`o`tfr ut`o`zfrdmks f mdsmf bkmdbjofturf.

A`curf 6> Jdbær`k nd dbjldbtd qud pknd sdr rddrdbj`fnk.

88

 

A`curf 64 Qdokj`nfnd nf jkrrdbtdzf

A`curf 61 Qdokj`nfnd nf jkrrdbtdzf

8:

 

F od`turf nk r`k à aftkr nd aubnfmdbtfo `mpkrtèbj`f pfrf qud k skjkrr`stf sf`hf fj`mf nd tunk f akrãf d vdokj`nfnd nf jkrrdbtdzf qud `ræ dbjkbtrfr. Bk r`k pkr dxdmpok qufbnk f æcuf pfssf pkr pdnrfs crfbnds akrmf-sd um okjfo nd rdmfbsk (okjfo kbnd læ pkujk ku bdblumf jkrrdbtdzf) d okjf`s dbtrd fs pdnrfs kbnd f æcuf ndsokjf-sd jkm mf`kr vdokj`nfnd jkmk bk dxdmpok f sdcu`r.

A`curf 63 od`turf nd vdokj`nfnd nk r`k, krmfbnk rdmfbsk fhf`xk nfs pdnrfs d okjf`s nd jkrrdbtdzf dbtrd dofs.

Dstf od`turf nk r`k ku æcuf jkrrdbtd ndvd sdr ad`tf prdv`fmdbtd pr`bj`pfomdbtd pr`bj`pf omdbtd sd k m`o`tfr bdjdss`tfr dbtrfr bk md`k oíqu`nk fk afzdr k@stk sfovfmdbtk d pfrf qudkhsdrvfnk sf`hf k qud pknd dstfr ndhf`xk nf æcuf. pknd sdr afj`omdbtd pdok dad`tk jr`fnk pkr khedtks bf supdraíj`d nf æcuf.

A`curf 6< Dd`tk bf supdríj`d buok ndv`nk fk vkoumd nf æcuf

8>

 

A`curf 60 Wdqudbk rdodvk bf supdríj`d.

A`curf 87 Akrmfãêk nd ‟æcuf hrfbjf” bf supdríj`d pknd sdr `ndbt`stjfnf bdstf s`tufãêk.

A`curf 86 Dd`tk nk rd﬈uxk l`nræuo`jk

84

 

:.8. Fãôds nd Zdcurfbãf ZDMWXD ut`o`zfr um jkodtd nd ﬈utufãêk `bn`v`nufo ‚ nurfbtd ks trfhfolks nd sfovfmdbtk læ crfbnds jlfbjds nd k hkmhd`rk jf`r bf jkrrdbtdzf, d dstd dqu`pfmdbtk à qud kadrdjd sdcurfbãf pfrf k m`o`tfr bfs kpdrfãôds. Dstf rdcrf vfod bêk sú pfrf qudm dstæ bf æcuf mfs tfmhàm pfrf fqudods qud sd dbjkbtrfm bf zkbf qudbtd nk jdbær`k nf kjkrråbj`f9 ZDMWXD mfbtdblf khsdrvfnkrds fj`mf nk okjfo nf kjkrråbj`f ‚ dm dbjldbtds à jkmum khsdrvfrmks khsdrvfrmks khedtks ndsjdbnk ‟r`k” fhf`xk qud sd tkrbfm pdr`cks pktdbj`f`s pfrf pdsskfs qud dstdefm ndbtrk nf æcuf. M`o`tfrds ndvdm khsdrvfr sd focum khedtk qud pkssf kadrdjdr r`sjk fks hkmhd`rks qud dstdefm dadtufbnk k sfovfmdbtk dstæ ndsjdbnk jkm f jkrrdbtdzf, fv`sfbnk-ks ftrfvàs nd fp`tks ku s`bf`s9 Fs pr`kr`nfnds nd sfovfmdbtk5 futk-sfovfmdbtk, sfovfmdbtk nks kutrks skjkrr`stfs d pkr õot`mk k sfovfmdbtk nf vít`mf, pkràm ndvdmks rdssfotfr qud k Hkmhd`rk M`o`tfr, tdm k ndvdr odcfo nd dbardbtfr k pdr`ck pfrf sfovfr v`nfs. Dm pr`bjíp`k, tknks tdrêk ftdbãêk fndqufnf d sdrêk sfovks pdoks skjkrr`stfs. Fpdsfr nk hkmhd`rk m`o`tfr bêk pkndr fodcfr dstfnk nd bdjdss`nfnd pkr tdr f khr`cfãêk odcfo nd dbardbtfr k pdr`ck, fs pr`kr`nfnds dodbjfnfs bf krndm prkpkstf ndvdm sdr khsdrvfnfs pfrf qud mf`s v`nfs pkssfm sdr sfovfs. Wr`md`rfmdbtd k futk-sfovfmdbtk sdcu`nk pdok sfovfmdbtk nks kutrks skjkrr`stfs d pkr õot`mk k sfovfmdbtk nf vít`mf.Dstf rdcrf ndvd sdr hdmkjkrråbj`f, fvfo`fnf qufbtk fksdxpokrfnk r`sjks d hdbdaíj`ks bk ftdbn`mdbtk f umf qud sdræ mf`s f ardbtd9 ZDMWXD tdblf um sdcubnk pofbk ‚ k m`o`tfr ndvd sfhdr fvdr`cufr fvdr`cufr tknfs fs vfr`ævd`s dx`stdbtds f stm nd prdv prdvdr dr focum drrk, d jfsk dstd kjkrrf, ndvd dbtêk eæ dx`st`r um pofbk fotdrbft`vk. Dm kjkrråbj`fs nd sfovfmdbtk dm dbjldbtds ks jdbær`ks sêk n`bèm`jks, pkr `ssk ndvdm sdr ad`tks jkbstfbtds trd`bfmdbtks pfrf qud fs fãôds sdefm hdm jkbldj`nfZ pkr tknks f stm nd dv`tfr pdrnf nd m`butks dssdbj`f`s bfs nk pofbks skjkrrkndTmf trd`bfnf eæ tdm mdtknkokc`fs nd fãôds sdcubnks fãêkdqu`pd hdm trftfnks. ZDMWXD tdblf um hfjiup nd sdcurfbãf jkrrdbtdzf fhf`xk, sdef 81

 

jkm jkrnfs ku skjkrr`stf jkm hkosf nd frrdmdssk. Fs tàjb`jfs fqu` dbs`bfnfs pkndrêk sdr ut`o`zfnfs jkmk pr`bj`pf`s ku hfji-ups, jfhdbnk fk jkmfbnfbtd nfs kpdrfãôds vdr`stjfr k qud à mf`s v`ævdo9 ZDMWXD afãf k sfovfmdbtk nf mfbd`rf mf`s s`mpods pkssívdo ‚ màtknks jkmpo`jfnks ku jkm mu`tfs `bakrmfãôds jkbaubndm ks mdmhrks nf dqu`pd d tkrbfm tkr bfm fs fãôds jkmpodxfs pfrf sd ddxdjutfr xdjutfr nd mfbd`rf ræp`nf. Fãôds jkmpodxfs qud bêk akrfm trd`bfnfs bêk ndvdm sdr pkstfs dm præt`jf bf lkrf nk sfovfmdbtk. Jfsk fock bêk dstdef jofrk bf mdbtd nd jfnf um nks m`o`tfrds, dstf fãêk bêk ndvdræ sdr ad`tf, d s`m fqudof qud tknks tdm k jkbldj`mdbtk nd jkmk ndvd sdr dxdjutfnf9 ZDMWXD ut`o`zd k dqu`pfmdbtk nd prktdãêk jkrrdtfmdbtd, d k dqu`pfmdbtk jdrtk pfrf suf prktdãêk. Tt`o`zfr dqu`pfmdbtks qud bêk akrfm ndst`bfnks pfrf um ndtdrm`bfnk stm dm kutrfs fãôds pknd sdr prdeun`j`fo, jkmk pkr dxdmpok, ut`o`zfr jfpfjdtds nd jkmhftd f `bjåbn`k dm fãôds nd sfovfmdbtk dm dbjldbtds9 BTBJF jkbtd jkm f feunf nf nf vít`mf pfrf rdfo`zfr rdfo`zfr um sfovfmdbtk. K skjkrr`stf ndvd jkbtfr jkm s` sú pfrf f rdfo`zfãêk nd um sfovfmdbtk, d bêk prdsum`r qud f v`t`mf pkssf fux`o`æ-ok nurfbtd fs fãôds nd sfovfmdbtk. BTBJF tdbtd stjfr nd pà bk od`tk nf dbjldbtd ku nk r`k ‚ f mf`kr akrãf dxdrj`nf bdstds nk`s md`ks sd dbjkbtrf bk od`tk, f tdbtft`vf nd sd pdrmfbdjdr nd pà pknd kjfs`kbfr odsêk nd tkrbkzdok d ftà mdsmk afzdr jkm qud k hkmhd`rk jf`f dm umf rddbtrèbj`f ku stqud dmkhsdrvfnfs um hud`rk, supdrstj`fomdbtd okjf, ku pdnrfs. Fs mu`tfs vdzdsprdsk qufbnk nêkjkrrdbtdzfs f afosf `mprdssêk nd sdrdm arfjfs mfs tdm umf akrãf mu`tk crfbnd qud pknd ods`kbfr sdr`fmdbtd k m`o`tfr9 BTBJF fmfrrd umf jkrnf dm vkotf nd um skjkrr`stf ku nd umf pdsskf sdbnk skjkrr`nf skjkrr`nf ‚ f jkrnf ndv ndvdd sdr mksqudtkbfnf bf stvdof nd skoturf ræp`nf nk jkodtd, pk`s jfsk k hkmhd`rk stqud suhmdrsk d sdef frrfstfnk, læ umf crfbnd pkss`h`o`nfnd nd stjfr prdsk pdof jkrnf sdm jkbsdcu`r sd skotfr jfsk dstf dstdef fmfrrfnf n`rdtk bk F skoturf nf jkrnf nk jkodtd À afzndjkm qud`mpkrtèbj`f k hkmhd`rkqud væ pfrfjkrpk. f supdraíj`d dv`tfbnk suhmdrsêk. sumf qufbnk nk skjkrr`mdbtk nf vít`mf sdef odvfnk um jkodtd ç mdsmf, 83

 

pk`s sú fss`m sdræ pkssívdo ‟fbjkrfr” f jkrnf nd mfbd`rf jkrrdtf9 BTBJF trfj`kbd umf jkrnf ftrfvdssfbnk f jkrrdbtdzf ku jursk n‐æcuf akrmfbnk um èbcuok rdtk jkm f mfrcdm ‚ dstf fãêk afz jkm qud k hkmhd`rk ku f vít`mf jfsk sdefm frrfstfnks ftà dstd n`spks`t`vk nd sdcurfbãf stqudm rdt`nks bk jdbtrk nf jkrnf ku bk od`tk nk jursk n‐æcuf. F akrãf nf jkrrdbtdzf odvfræ fs pdsskfs fk jdbtrk nf jkrnf akrmfbnk um ‟Q” n`stjuotfbnk fs fãôds nd rdscftd9

A`curf 88 Jkrnf trfj`kbfnf pdrpdbn`juofr ç mfrcdm, f vít`mf stjf bk jdbtrk, ‟Q” bf jkrnf. (www.kl`kpyodrfa`bchokcspkt.jkm)

BTBJF pdrjf f vít`mf fpús rdfo`zfr k jkbtftk jkm f mdsmf ‚ fpús rdfo`zfrkksfovfmdbtk. jkbtftk aís`jk ndvd ut`o`zfr nfs tàjb`jfs jkbldj`nfs pfrf dadtufr :.:. Fbæo`sd nd X`sjk/Hdbdaíj`k X`sjk/Hdbdaíj`k F s`mpo`j`nfnd nf kpdrfãêk ndvd sdr pfutfnf bfs fãôds d tàjb`jfs f sdrdm ndsdbvkov`nfs dm um sfovfmdbtk dm dbjldbtd, r`k ku jkrrdbtdzf. @ssk ndvd sdr ad`tk tdbtfbnk prdsdrvfr f v`nf nk Hkmhd`rk M`o`tfr nd mknk f dv`tfr qud dod rdfo`zd kpdrfãôds jkm mf`kr crfu nd r`sjk. F fbæo`sd nd r`sjk/hdbdaíj`k mf`s à nkçqud prús dd jkbtrfs dm umf kpdrfãêk qudbfnf dbvkovf nfbks v`nf.fvfo`fr K r`sjkkssdmprd sdmpr `ræ dx`st`r dm qufoqudr fãêk nd rdscftd d jfhd fk m`o`tfr tdbtfr 8<

 

m`b`m`zæ-oks d jkbtrkoæ-oks pfrf qud k hdbdaíj`k nf fãêk supdrd ks r`sjks ç v`nf. Fpdsfr nd k hkmhd`rk tdr k ndvdr odcfo nd dbardbtfr k pdr`ck, bdblum m`o`tfr `ræ rdfo`zfr umf fãêk sd skuhdr qud f mdsmf trfræ jkmk jkmk jkbsdqÿåbj`f jkbjr jkbjrdtf dtf f mkr mkrtd. td. ^dr f j`åbj`f nd qud fock pkndræ nfr drrfnk d fjfrrdtfr dm um mfo mf`kr à umf nfs fbæo`sds qud ndvd sdr ad`tf, fjd`tf d supdrfnf. Jfsk k jkbnutkr nk rdscftd vdef qud k hdbdaíj`k nd umf fãêk bêk supdrfræ ks pkbtks bdcft`vks qud pkndm v`r f fjkbtdjdr, ndvdræ rdpdbsfr f fãêk d k prkjdn`mdbtk f sdr fnktfnk. Tmf fbæo`sd nd r`sjk/hdbdaíj`k rdqudr tfmhàm jkbldj`mdbtk jofrk nfs jfpfj`nfnds nks m`o`tfrds d nks dqu`pfmdbtks qud dstêk dstêk ç n`spks`ãêk. Bêk sd pknd dx`c`r mf`s nks dqu`pfmdbtks d nfs dqu`pds foàm nk qud dods pkndrêk supdrfr, pk`s `ssk pkndræ aftfomdbtd odvfr f umf fãêk nd `bsujdssk. :.6.6.

Wdr`cks

  F fbæo`sd nd r`sjk ndvd jkbtdmpofr ks pdr`cks dx`stdbtds bf jdbf nurfbtd umf kjkrråbj`f jkm dbjldbtds dbjldbtds d `bubnfãôds. Focubs sdrv`ãks sdrv` ãks põho`jks (cæs, dodtr`j` dodtr`j`nfnd, nfnd, æcuf) akrf akrf nd jkbtrkod, mftdr`f`s pdr`cksks, dspfãks jkbstbfnks, pdr`cks nk md`k fmh`dbtd pkndm sdr tkrbfr tkrbfr aftkrds nd r`sjk bk md`k urhfbk d rurfo. Nurfbtd dbjldbtds, pkr dxdmpok, stfãôds qud sd dbjkbtrfvfm f 64 mdtrks nk skok pkndm stjfr f umf n`stèbj`f pdqudbf, prúx`mk ç supdraíj`d kbnd sd dbjkbtrfm hktds nd rdscftd. K cæs bfturfo tfmhàm fprdsdbtf umf fmdfãf nurfbtd fs dbjldbtds eæ qud rufs d dstrfnfs sêk dsjfvfnfs jkrrdbtdzf fs rdnds nd cæs pkndmKutrk fjfhfraftkr stjfbnk dxpkstfs d pdof sdrdm rkmp`nfsdjfusfbnk vfzfmdbtks. qud ndvdd sdr khsdrvfnk sêk ks mftdr`f`s pdr`cksks, ndv pdr`cksks, ku suhstèbj`fs qud dm jkbtftk jkm fs pdsskfs prkvkqudm odsôds ku nkdbãfs. Adzds nd fb`mf`s, ur`bf nd rftk, k prúpr`k o`xk nfs rufs, rufs, dm ærdfs rurf`s ks pdst`j`nfs d suhstèbj`fs quím`jfs ekcfnfs bf fcr`juoturf, tunk `ssk à aftkr qud ndvd sdr odvfnk dm jkbtf dm umf fbæo`sd. Khedtks ﬈utufbtds5 sêk khsdrvfnks bfs jkrrdbtdzfs dm ærdfs urhfbfs, jfrrks, dodtrknkmàst`jks, múvd`s sdbnk frrfstfnks, qud pkndm k m`o`tfr dstdsdmprd dst`vdr m`o`tfrds bk jurskr`kn fj`mf æcuf, pkr `sskods`kbfr à `mpkrtfbtd qudqufbnk sd tdblf khsdrvfbnk. 80

 

A`curf 8: Jfrrk sdbnk odvfnk pdof jkrrdbtdzf.

  L`pktdrm`f5 L`pktdrm`f5 F æcuf rdt`rf k jfokr nk jkrpk 84 vdzds mf`s ræp`nk nk qud k fr. F pkss`h`o`nfnd nd um m`o`tfr skar skardr dr nd l`pktdrm`f l`pktdrm`f à crfbnd, ku ftà mdsmk nd tdr jê`hrfs ku kutrks prkhodmfs rdofj`kbfnks ç pdrnf nd jfokr jkrpkrfo. jkrpkrfo.

A`curf 8> Wks`ãêk dtfo pfrf prdvdbãêk nd l`pktdrm`f.

:7

 

  Khedtks stxks, cfolfnfs5 bk md`k urhfbk pkndm sdr pkstds, pofjfs, murks. Wrúx`mk f od`tks nd r`ks dbjkbtrfm-sd cfolfnfs.

A`curf 84 Cfolfnfs r`k ^uhfrêk ZJ

 Fpr`s`kbfmdbtk nd pfrtds pfr tds nk jkrpk5 fs vít`mfs pkndm dstfr prdsfs dm hud`rks, hkjfs nd okhk ku f focum khedtk qud ak` frrfstfnf pdof jkrrdbtdzf.

A`curf 81 Fpr`s`kbfmdbtk nd pfrtd nk jkrpk dm hud`rk

:6

 

  Fakcfmdbtk5 jkmk f akrãf nf æcuf à mu`tk crfbnd bdstfs s`tufãôds, fs vít`mfs pkndm tdbtfr sf`r nd um okjfo qud dstæ sdcurk pfrf tdbtfr fojfbãfr f mfrcdm nf ruf ku nd umf fvdb`nf d fjfhfr sd fakcfbnk ndv`nk ç n`bèm`jf nf æcuf bdstfs s`tufãôds.   Xd﬈uxks ku Hfjiwfsl5 mf`s dbjkbtrfnks dm r`ks, pkràm pkndm sdr akrmfnks ndpdbndbnk nks ndsbívd`s nfs v`fs, ku dm hfrrfbjks, ks rd﬈uxks afzdm jkm qud khedtks qud jf`fm bf ærdf nd rdj`rjuofãêk nf æcuf stqudm fo` prdsks, sdbnk um okjfo nd n`aíj`o sfínf.

XDAOT\K

A`curf 83 Ndsdblk dsqudmæt`jk nd rd﬈uxk5 (S (Sfsl`bctkb fsl`bctkb Hkftdr Dnujft`kb Jdbtdr)

:8

 

A`curf 8< Màtknk nd sfínf nd rd﬈uxk

:.6.8. Xdscftfr \ Xdjupdrfr Tmf ndstb`ãêk hfstfbtd ut`o`zfnf dm sd trftfbnk nfs vít`mfs sêk fs fãôds nd rdscftd d rdjupdrfãêk. Zdcubnk fs ndstb`ãôds nd focubs mfbuf`s rdscftfr à qufbnk fs fãôds sêk vkotfnfs pfrf k skjkrr`mdbtk nd umf pdsskf f`bnf jkm v`nf, eæ rdjupdrfr à f bkmdbjofturf ut`o`zfnf pfrf pdsskfs sdm v`nf, ku sdef jkrpks. N`fbtd ndstfs jkbs`ndrfãôds à bdjdssær`k qud bf fvfo`fãêk nd r`sjk/hdbdaíj`k, sdef jkbs`ndrfnk sd `rdmks rdscftfr ku rdjupdrfr. F stm nd jkbs`ndrfr sd umf jdbf à nd rdscftd ku rdjupdrfãêk, pknd-sd rdfo`zfr ks sdcu`btds qudst`kbfmdbtks5   Zd f vít`mf à v`sívdo, dof dstæ bumf s`tufãêk dstævdo; Zd dof dstæ prdsf dm j`mf nd um jfrrk, jkm k bívdo nf æcuf suh`bnk d sko`j`tfbnk skjkrrk, pk`s k jfrrk sd mkvd fks pkujks, à jofrfmdbtd umf s`tufãêk nd rdscftd. rdscftd. Wkràm sd f vít`mf vít`mf dstæ bk fotk nd nd um pràn`k `olfnk jkm k bívdo nd æcuf jkbstfbtd, `ssk sdræ sdræ umf ‟fss`ståbj`f nd rdscftd” qud pkndræ sdr ad`tf mf`s tfrnd.   Zd dm umf jdbf, pdsskfs n`zdm tdr v`stk um tdrjd`rk sdr frrfstfnk pdof jkrrdbtdzf d ndpk`s suhmdrc`nk, dm um okjfo `bndstb`nk, pkr mf`s nd :7 m`butks, sdm fv`stfr bkvfmdbtd k jkrpk, pkndmks `badr`r qud sd trftf nd umf s`tufãêk nd pkssívdo rdjupdrfãêk. Fs fãôds nks rdscft`stfs bêk pkndm sdr hfsdfnfs dm dmkãôds, tknf ::

 

kpdrfãêk ndvd jkbtdr fbæo`sd jrít`jf nf s`tufãêk pfrf qud dx`stfm ndj`sôds rfj`kbf`s qud odvdm dm jkbtf f rdofãêk r`sjk/hdbdaíj`k. Wkràm sd akr umf suhmdrsêk prdsdbj`fnf, k rdscft`stf ndvd jkbs`ndrfr `ssk jkmk umf fãêk nd rdscftd. @bado`zmdbtd, ndtdrm`bfr sd f s`tufãêk à nd rdscftd ku rdjupdrfãêk bêk à umf j`åbj`f dxftf, `ssk dx`cd mu`tk nk jkkrndbfnkr nfs kpdrfãôds. F jfpfj`nfnd nd fvfo`fr sd ks md`ks mftdr`f`s d lumfbks, jkmh`bfnk jkm k jdbær`k nf kjkrråbj`f d ks pdr`cks dx`stdbtds, à qud `ræ nfr suhsín`ks pfrf f tkmfnf nd ndj`sêk. Jkodtfr aftks, jkbldjdr fs prkhfh`o`nfnds, tdr sdcurfbãf nfs fãôds f pfrt`r nks trd`bfmdbtks ad`tks à qud afzdm jkm qud fs fãôds sdefm mf`s sdcurfs. ^rd`bk, præt`jf, dxpdr`åbj`f d euocfmdbtk sêk pr`mkrn`f`s bfs fãôds nd rdscftd. :.>. ^àjb`jfs d Lfh`o`nfnds pfrf Futk Zdcurfbãf Dm kpdrfãôds qud dbvkovfm k r`sjk ç v`nf à dxtrdmfmdbtd `mpkrtfbtd qud k rdscft`stf tdblf tfmhàm bkãôds nd sdus o`m`tds d jfsk sdef prdj`sk, jkbs`cf sd futk rdscftfr. Dbqufbtk s`tufãôds nd rdscftd mu`tfs vdzds prdj`sfm nd umf fãêk `mdn`ftf, f pkss`h`o`nfnd nd qud um nks mdmhrks nf dqu`pd sd tkrbd umf vít`mf tfmhàm ndvd sdr jkbs`ndrfnf. Tmf ndj`sêk prdj`p`tfnf nd akrmf `bn`v`nufo`stf pknd jkokjfr f v`nf nf dqu`pd dm r`sjk. Wfrf dv`tfr dssfs s`tufãôds pkndmks n`nft`jfmdbtd ut`o`zfr k qud focubs mfbuf`s nd husjf d sfovfmdbtk jlfmfm nd tr`fbcuok nd sdcurfbãf5 F^DBÃFK

 

JKBLDJ@MDB^K FB^DJ@WFNK

:>

JFWFJ@NFND ND ZKHXDQ@QÅBJ@F

 

 F^DBÃÊK/ZKHXDFQ@ZK5 Dstfnk nd dm qud k m`o`tfr ndvd ndvd dstfr dm qufoqudr kpdrfãêk qud dbvkovf k r`sjk f v`nf. K dstfnk nd ftdbãêk afz jkm qud k m`o`tfr rdnkhrd k ju`nfnk pfrf ks pdr`cks dx`stdbtds dm umf jdbf, qud pkssfm jfusfr qufoqudr t`pk nd jkbtrftdmpk bk pofbdefmdbtk nf kpdrfãêk. JKBLDJ@MDB^K FB^DJ@WFNK5 Zêk ks jkbldj`mdbtks fnqu`r`nks jkm fs præt`jfs, trd`bfmdbtks d dxpdr`åbj`fs v`vdbj`fnfs pdok m`o`tfr qud k fux`o`fm f rdfo`zfr um ræp`nk euocfmdbtk n`fbtd nd focumf s`tufãêk qud fmdfjd f v`nf, f dqu`pd ku k pofbdefmdbtk. JFWFJ@NFND ND ZKHXDQ@QÅBJ@F5 Zêk fs lfh`o`nfnds ndsdbvkov`nfs pkr jfnf m`o`tfr bk `btu`tk nd sd sfafr nd umf s`tufãêk qud pkssf pkssf k odvfr f mkrtd. Dstfs lfh`o`nfnds sêk fnqu`r`nfs pr`bj`pfomdbtd jkm k jkbldj`mdbtk nd s`tufãôds nd `bsujdssk, d qud k m`o`tfr fs tdm jkmk dxdmpok pfrf qud, jfsk vdblfm fjkbtdjdr, dod tdblf lfh`o`nfnd d jfomf bdjdssær`f pfrf rdvdrtdr f s`tufãêk. Fs jkdx`ståbj`fs ndstds trås p`ofrds bêk bdjdssfr`fmdbtd afrêk jkm qud k m`o`tfr tdblf sujdssk bf kpdrfãêk, ku jkbs`cf dm 677% nfs vdzds sd o`vrfr nd um pdr`ck. Wkràm afræ jkm qud fs pdsskfs qud dstdefm n`fbtd nd umf s`tufãêk nd r`sjk tdblfm mf`krds jlfbjds nddrdvdrtdr qufnrk crfvd. K ndpfrtfmdbtk nd ndadsf fmdr`jfbk kutrfs um krcfb`zfãôds ndsjkhr`rfm qud pdsskfs qud dstfvfm bf afsd afsd nd ndsdbvkov`mdbtk nd umf s`tufãêk qud rrdsuotku dsuotku dm mkrtd t`vdrfm um pdríknk nd 4 ftà 37 sdcubnks, pfrf tkmfr focumf ndj`sêk qud pkndr`fm rdvdrtdr suf s`tufãêk. (Zw`atwftdr rdsjud tdjlb`j`fb mfbufo Q74). :.>.6.

Wks`ãêk nd Bfnk Ndadbs`vk

m`o`tfr sdef frrfstfnk pdof jkrrdbtdzf nd umf dodJfsk ndvdk fnktfr f pks`ãêk nd bfnk ndadbs`vk, tdbnk dm`bubnfãêk, v`stf qud dstf pks`ãêk m`b`m`zf dvdbtuf`s odsôds kjfs`kbfnfs pkr `mpfjtks :4

 

dm khedtks stxks d afj`o`tf k ndsv`k nd khedtks ﬈utufbtds5

A`curf 80 Wks`ãêk nd bfnk nddbs`vk

Wrkjdn`mdbtk pfrf fnkãêk nk bfnk ndadbs`vk5  Jkokqud ks pàs nd ardbtd pfrf f n`rdãêk ‟r`k fhf`xk”9  Ekdolks nkhrfnks d pàs o`cd`rfmdbtd fhf`xk nf o`blf n æcuf9  Ndstbf k èbcuok fndqufnk pfrf mdolkr prkvd`tk nf jkrrdbtdzf9  Odvfbtd  Odv fbtd f jfhdãf >4µ fpkbtfnk pfrf f n`rdãêk qud ndsdefr tkmfr9 tkmfr 9  Odvfbtd fs jkstfs pfrf feunfr bf ndsj`nf nf jkrrdbtdzf9  Q`sufo`zd jkm fbtdjdnåbj`f focum khstæjuok9   Dv`td `r nd dbjkbtrk jkm cfolfnfs, sd bêk akr pkssívdo, bfnd rfp`nfmdbtd dm n`rdãêk nf jkrrdbtdzf prf afj`o`tfr bf munfbãf nd n`rdãêk, nd mknk f ndsv`fr nfs cfolfs.

:1

 

A`curf :7 Ndsv`k nd khstæjuok dm bfnk nddbs`vk.

Fk fssum`r f pks`ãêk nd bfnk ndadbs`vk, ndadbs`vk, k m`o`tfr ndvd ndvd ftdbtfr-sd pfrf pkssívd`s adr`mdbtks nd khedtk pdraurk-jkrtfbtds, arfturfs pkr khedtks ﬈utufbtds d sdmprd tdbtfr dodvfr k qufnr`o, f stm nd dv`tfr jkbtusêk bf rdc`êk nk jújj`x. :3

 

:.>.8.

Wks`ãêk nd Bfnk Fcrdss`vk ku Kadbs`vk

Dm focumfs s`tufãôds k bfnk ndadbs`vk bêk à sustj`dbtd pfrf k m`o`tfr jldcfr dm focum okjfo ndsdefnk (rdmfbsk, ndsv`k nd khstæjuoks, jldcfr ftà umf vít`mf). K bfnk fcrdss`vk à s`mpodsmdbtd f fnkãêk nf pks`ãêk nd ‟jrfwo” ku f qud k m`o`tfr tdblf k mdolkr nkmíb`k pfrf bfnfr mf`s rfp`nfmdbtd, pfrf fojfbãfr k okjfo qud ndsdefr ku ndsv`fr nd um khstæjuok. À `mpkrtfbtd `mpkrtfbtd odmhrfr qud bdstd t`pk nd bfnk k m`o`tfr m`o`tfr ndvd, sd pkssívdo, mfbtdr f jfhdãf pfrf akrf nf æcuf pfrf qud pkssf khsdrvfr pfrf kbnd dstæ `bnk, sd bêk læ bdblum khstæjuok d ks pdr`cks dx`stdbtds. Bk sfovfmdbtk dm dbjldbtds, afz-sd bdjdssær`k qud k m`o`tfr tdblf um hkm nkmíb`k bk md`k fquæt`jk, fpdsfr nd dstfr dm um md`k tdrrdstrd qud ak` `bubnfnk jkmk eæ ak` n`tk. @ssk à bdjdssær`k, tdbnk dm v`stf qud pknd sdr qud sdef prdj`sk dm focum mkmdbtk nurfbtd umf fãêk nd sfovfmdbtk, nd sd rdfo`zfr umf suhmdrsêk ku bfnk suhmdrsk, pkr dxdmpok, ku ftà mdsmk qud sdef bdjdssær`k bfnfr nd um oucfr pfrf kutrk, ftrfvdssfbnk umf ruf qud dstdef `bubnfnf. Qfod rdssfotfr qud dm mu`tfs okjfo`nfnds k od`tk nd um r`k qud trfbshkrnku, kjfs`kbfbnk f dbjldbtd, `ræ dxtrfpkofr sdus o`m`tds d stjfræ bk dm um fmh`dbtd qud fbtds drf tdrrdstrd. Dstfs tàjb`jfs sêk bdjdssær`fs, pk`s ndpdbndbnk nk vkoumd nd æcuf dbjkbtrfnk, hdm jkmk nf vdokj`nfnd nf jkrrdbtdzf, f akrãf dxdrj`nf bfs pdrbfs d bk jkrpk à têk crfbnd qud sd tkrbf `bv`ævdo tdbtfr sustdbtfr-sd nd pà. Wkr `ssk à `mpkrtfbtd qud k m`o`tfr tdblf k nkmíb`k ndstds t`pks nd bfnks fprdsdbtfnks.

A`curf :6 Bfnk fcrdss`vk pfrf ndsv`k nd khstæjuoks

:<

 

>.

DZ^XF DZ^XF^ÀC@F ^ÀC@F D WOFBDEFMDB^K WOFBDEFMDB^K NFZ KWDXFÃÔDZ KWDXFÃÔDZ

Fs kjkrråbj`fs nd dbjldbtds d fofcfmdbtks fjkbtdjdm bf mf`kr`f nfs vdzds bks pdríknks jluvksks qud vêk nd bkvdmhrk f mfrãk, sdcubnk k `bst`tutk nd pdsqu`sfs nf Wuj M`bfs. @stk bêk `mpdnd f kjkrråbj`f nd jluvfs dm àpkjfs `skofnfs, pkràm afj`o`tf f prdpfrfãêk nks trfhfolks jkm k jkbldj`mdbtk pràv`k nd um fodrtf nd tdmpkrfo, pkr dxdmpok. É `mpkrtfbtd qud k Jkkrndbfnkr nd Hkmhd`rks nf Tb`nfnd tdblf fjdssk f nfnks n`ær`ks nd `bakrmfãôds nf prdj`p`tfãêk dm suf rdc`êk pfrf qud pkssf trfãfr fs n`rdtr`zds kpdrfj`kbf`s nk n`f. Nurfbtd f kjkrråbj`f nd um tdmpkrfo ku trfbshkrnfmdbtk nd um r`k, fs v`fs nd fjdssk nd umf j`nfnd stjfm tkmfnfs pkr æcuf, n`stjuotfbnk k fjdssk f ndtdrm`bfnfs okjfo`nfnds, tdbnk jkmk jkbsdqÿåbj`f um ftrfsk bk ftdbn`mdbtk çs dmdrcåbj`fs. Dm j`nfnds crfbnds dx`std kutrk aftkr jkmpo`jfnkr, f crfbnd qufbt`nfnd nd futkmúvd`s afz jkm qud k trèbs`tk stqud pfrfnk ndv`nk f pkbtks nd fofcfmdbtks bf j`nfnd, k qud mu`tfs vdzds `bv`fh`o`zf f jldcf nd v`fturfs ftà k okjfo nk s`b`strk. Jkmk pfrtd nfs dstrftàc`fs f sdrdm ut`o`zfnfs, k jkmfbnfbtd nfs kpdrfãôds ndvd tdr jkbldj`mdbtk nf tkpkcrfstf nf rdc`êk d rdfo`zfr um dstunk pràv`k nks pkbtks nd fofcfmdbtks eæ dx`stdbtds nd fbks fbtdr`krds, afzdbnk um odvfbtfmdbtk jkm úrcêks mub`j`pf`s jkmk f ndadsf j`v`o. Dm Hdok Lkr`zkbtd, f prdad`turf mub`j`pfo jkokjku pofjfs dm vær`ks okjf`s nf j`nfnd fodrtfbnk ç pkpuofãêk r`sjks pktdbj`f`s nd fofcfmdbtks. Dstf afz jkm f pkpuofãêk dv`td dtrfbs`tfr pdoks okjf`s mf`s mdn`nf vuobdrævd`s, mfsqud fs jluvfs rdpdbt`bfs tkrrdbj`f`s fjfhfm pkr ft`bc`r f pkpuofãêk. K fodrtf mdtdkrkoúc`jk n`ær`k f`bnf fss`m à adrrfmdbtf dssdbj`fo pfrf j`dbt`stjfr fs pdsskfs nks pkssívd`s r`sjks f sdrdm dbjkbtrfnks.

:0

 

A`curf :8 Wofjf nd fnvdrtåbj`f nf Wrdd`turf nd Hdok Lkr`zkbtd

N`fbtd nf `bakrmfãêk pràv`f pràv`f nd jluvf akr akrtd, td, ftrfvàs nfs prdv`sôds nk tdmpk, hdm jkmk f pfrt`r nk jkbldj`mdbtk nks okjf`s nd mf`kr r`sjk nd `bubnfãêk, k jldad nd sdrv`ãk ku jkkrndbfnkr nd hkmhd`rks pknd ndsjdbtrfo`zfr v`fturfs dm pkbtks hfsd pfrf n`m`bu`r k tdmpk rdspkstf dm mfs okjf`safz jkm crfbnd pktdbj`fo. Dstf fãêk bêk dv`tfd k prkhodmf, jkm qud fr`sjk skouãêk, ks rdjursks lumfbks mftdr`f`s bdjdssær`ks pfrf rdfo`zfr um sfovfmdbtk, dstdefm dm jkbn`ãôds bfs okjfo`nfnds nd mf`kr íbn`jd nd fj`ndbtds.

>7

 

A`curf :: ^rèbs`tk jkbcdst`kbfnk bf Fv. Jr`st`fbk Mfjlfnk Hdok Lkr`zkbtd (HL) ndv`nk f pkbtks nd fofcfmdbtk bf jfp`tfo m`bd`rf (pkrtfo TF@)

A`curf :> Fv. ^drdzf Jr`st`bf HL MC `bubnfnf (pkrtfo TF@)

>6

 

Jkmk pfrtd nk sfovfmdbtk, tunk qud fbtdjdnd f fãêk prkpr`fmdbtd n`tf à nd sumf `mpkrtèbj`f pfrf k sujdssk nf kpdrfãêk. K trd`bfmdbtk pràv`k nfs tàjb`jfs nd sfovfmdbtk hdm jkmk f n`v`sêk nfs tfrdafs f sdrdm rdfo`zfnfs d jkbldj`mdbtks nd s`stdmf nd jkmfbnk nd kjkrråbj`fs ku `bj`ndbtds, afj`o`tfm pfrf qud, jkmk dm um t`md nd autdhko hdm trd`bfnk d dbtrksfnk, jfnf um sf`hf sdu pfpdo d ks khedt`vks f sdrdm jumpr`nks. Jfsk jfnf mdmhrk pdbsd nd umf akrmf n`adrdbtd fs fãôds `bn`v`nuf`s bêk afvkrdjdrêk k khedt`vk jkodt`vk. Fs adrrfmdbtfs ftuf`s nd prdv`sêk pouv`kmàtr`jfs hdm jkmk k jkbldj`mdbtk nf n`bèm`jf nks r`ks fux`o`fm mu`tfs vdzds bf prdv`sêk nd um okjfo qud sdræ `bubnfnk. Qdr`stjfmks qud mu`tfs vdzds dx`std `bubnfãêk dm umf j`nfnd qud jrdsjdu dm tkrbk nk od`tk nd um r`k, r `k, mdsmk qud bêk dstdef jlkvdbnk bdstf j`nfnd. K qud k kjkrrd à qud lkuvd umf akrtd jluvf f mkbtfbtd (r`k fj`mf) ndstf j`nfnd d jkmk f prdj`p`tfãêk bêk vf` dm n`rdãêk f dstf j`nfnd ku ftà mdsmk sd n`spdrsf dstd vkoumd nd jluvf à jkbjdbtrfnk bk od`tk nk r`k qud trfbshkrnf d ft`bcd umf okjfo`nfnd qud ak` ak` jkbstruínf çs mfrcdbs nk r`k. r`k. Wkr krtfbtk, tfbtk, qufbnk læ jkbldj`mdbtk nks pfnrôds nfs hfj`fs dx`stdbtds d nk vkoumd pouv`kmàtr`jk dspdrfnk, pkndmks prdvdr umf pkssívdo `bubnfãêk pfrf ndtdrm`bfnf okjfo`nfnd. Tm dxdmpok n`ssk à k qud kjkrrdu dm ndzdmhrk nd 8768 bf j`nfnd nd Ckvdrbfnkr Qfofnfrds, qufbnk lkuvd umf crfbnd prdj`p`tfãêk bf zkbf nf mftf, mf`s prdj`sfmdbtd bfs j`nfnds nf Wkbtd bkvf d Cufrfj`fhf qud akrfm jkbstruínfs çs mfrcdbs nk X`k W`rfbcf, qud ndsæcuf Nkjd. Nk`s n`fs fpús fkvdrbfnkr `bubnfãêkQ nfs j`nfnds nd Wkbtd BkvfbkdX`k Cufrfj`fhf f j`nfnd nd C Ckvdrbfnkr Qfofnfrds fofnfrds ak` `bubnfnf mdsmk bêk dstfbnk jlkvdbnk bf rdc`êk. Kutrk adbþmdbk `btdrdssfbtd nd sdr khsdrvfnk à k nd Xd﬈uxk. Vufbnk umf j`nfnd à fjkmdt`nf pkr akrtd prdj`p`tfãêk f tdbnåbj`f à qud f pfrtd hf`xf ndssf j`nfnd stqud `bubnfnf ftà qud k vkoumd ndssf æcuf sdef dsjkfnk. Bfs j`nfnds læ umf crfbnd `mpdrmdfh`o`zfãêk nk skok, k qud afz jkm qud k dsjkfmdbtk nf æcuf sd nå hfs`jfmdbtd pdofs dstfãôds nd jfptfãêk nd æcuf, n`adrdbtd zkbfs rurf`s, kbnd crfbnd æcufdsjkf à `bstotrfnf bk skok. nfs Jkmk læ pkujf `bstotrfãêk ndpfrtd æcuf,nfdssf jkm rfp`ndz dm n`rdãêk f hfj`f mf`s prúx`mf. Jkmk k vkoumd vkoumd nd æcuf >8

 

à supdr`kr fk bkrmfo nd dsjkfmdbtk nf jfolf, læ dbtêk k rd﬈uxk ndstf æcuf qud rdtkrbf ftd f j`nfnd. Dstd adbþmdbk pknd mu`tfs vdzds nfr umf afosf `mprdssêk nd bkrmfo`nfnd d focumfs lkrfs ndpk`s umf dbjldbtd ‟jkbtrær`f” ft`bcd bkvfmdbtd f j`nfnd.

A`curf :4 Wrkjdssk nd dsjkfmdbtk nd æcuf. (N`spkbívdo dm www.jfrtdtdtlhf.jkm)

A`curf :1 Adbþmdbk nd rd﬈uxk. (N`spkbívdo dm www.jfrtdtdtlhf.jkm)

>:

 

Fk jldcfr f um okjfo qud ak` `bubnfnk ku qud dx`std f pkss`h`o`nfnd nd sdr fjkmdt`nk pkr umf `bubnfãêk, f dqu`pd ndvd pr`mfr pkr ut`o`zfr k ZJK jkmk adrrfmdbtf nd fux`o`k bks trfhfolks. Dstf adrrfmdbtf pkss`h`o`tf qud lfef umf n`v`sêk nks trfhfolks nd akrmf qud jfnf foãfnf (mub`j`pfo, dstfnufo, sdtkrds pr`vfnks) stqud jkm umf dsadrf nd jkmpdtåbj`f, bêk skhrdjfrrdcfbnk skmdbtd um úrcêk ku fcåbj`f. Fs prdad`turfs mub`j`pf`s, bf mf`kr`f nfs vdzds bêk dstêk prdpfrfnfs pfrf rdspkbndr f um ndsfstrd. Jfhd, pkrtfbtk, fk Jkrpk nd Hkmhd`rks, úrcêk odcfomdbtd rdspkbsævdo pkr jkkrndbfr fs fãôds nd ndadsf j`v`o qud `b`j`d ks trfhfolks nd cdråbj`f. K jkkrndbfnkr nfs kpdrfãôds d suf dqu`pd ndvdm tdr dm mdbtd qud f okjfo`nfnd qud vêk trfhfolfr mu`tfs vdzds bêk `ræ n`spkr nks rdjursks hæs`jks pfrf sustdbtfr f suf pkpuofãêk d, pkrtfbtk, fs dqu`pds nd sfovfmdbtk ndvdm tdr futkbkm`f nd suhs`ståbj`f. Bêk sd pknd dspdrfr nk m mub`jíp`k ub`jíp`k qud dod jkbs`cf ‟fhr`cfr” d ‟fo`mdbtfr” ks m`o`tfrds qud fo` dstêk pfrf fs fãôds nd ndadsf j`v`o. Ks rdjursks n`spkbívd`s ndvdrêk sdr ut`o`zfnks jkm f pkpuofãêk okjfo, Wkd dxdmpok, dsjkofs trfbsakrmfnfs dm fhr`cks, lktà`s qufbnk dx`stdm pkndm sdrv`r nd fokefmdbtk pfrf f pkpuofãêk. Kutrk aftkr qud ndvd sdr khsdrvfnk à qud mu`tfs vdzds k s`stdmf nd æcuf dbtrf dm jkofpsk d à prdj`sk ut`o`zfr nd pkãks frtds`fbks fr tds`fbks pfrt`juofrds pfrt`juofrds pfrf fhfstdjdr f pkpuofãêk, pkpuofãêk, d ftà sd pdbsfr dm futkbkm`f nd dbdrc`f à bdjdssær`k odvfbnk jkm f dqu`pd um cdrfnkr, pkr dxdmpok. Bfs dbjldbtds nd 8766/8768 dm M`bfs Cdrf`s vær`fs j`nfnds stjfrfm dbdrc`fÀd `skofnfs pkr hfrrd`rfs pkr mf`ssdm ndæcuf, 6 sdmfbf. bdjdssær`k, pkrtfbtk, qud qudndsfhfrfm lfef umf s`bdrc`f dbtrd f dqu`pd nd rdscftd d sfovfmdbtk pfrf qud jkbs`cf skdrcudr fs bdjdss`nfnds v`tf`s nd umf j`nfnd qud prft`jfmdbtd vkotf ç `nfnd nf pdnrf. Dm focumfs okjfo`nfnds jkmk Cu`nkvfo Cu`nkvfo bêk ak` pkssívdo sdqudr afzdr jkbtftk tdodaþb`jk pdn`bnk feunf, eæ qud k s`stdmf nd tdodakb`f stxf bêk aubj`kbfvf d ndpk`s nd focumfs lkrfs bêk lfv`f dbdrc`f pfrf jfrrdcfr ks fpfrdolks jdouofrds. Ak` bdjdssær`f f ut`o`zfãêk nd ræn`k fmfnkr pfrf jkkrndbfr fs kpdrfãôds d pdn`r feunf.   Kutrf qudstêk rdodvfbtd nd sdr khsdrvfnf à qud mu`tfs okjfo`nfnds nk `btdr`kr bêk pkssudm um bõmdrk nd dmdrcåbj`f >>

 

okjfo (607, 60:), d qufbnk n`sjfm pfrf sko`j`tfr fuxío`k dstds våm nd kutrfs j`nfnds j`rjubv`z`blfs. Mu`tfs vdzds k tdodakbd f qufo rdjkrrdm à k jdouofr nk prdad`tk, nk pko`j`fo m`o`tfr qud trfhfolf bf j`nfnd ku ftà mdsmk nf prdad`turf. À `mpkr `mpkrtfbtd tfbtd qud sdef n`vuocfnk ftrfvàs nf ræn`k, s`stdmf nd skm nd `crdef ku kutrks, um bõmdrk qud ndvdræ jkbjdbtrfr tknk k pdn`nk nd fuxío`k d feunf dm qud fs dqu`pds nd skjkrrk tdrêk aæj`o fjdssk.

>.6. Jkmub`jfãêk bfs Kpdrfãôds Dm fmh`dbtds nd dbjldbtds d `bubnfãôds, pr`bj`pfomdbtd pr`bj`pfomdbtd qufbnk dstæ jlkvdbnk, f jkmub`jfãêk sd tkrbf mu`tk n`aíj`o ndv`nk fk hfruolk nk md`k ddxtdrbk, xtdrbk, pkndbnk dstd aftkr aftkr sdr jkmpo`jfnkr pfrf jkmub`jfãêk dbtrd f cufrb`ãêk d prdeun`jfr k sfovfmdbtk. Ndv`nk ffnktdm dstf qudstêk à `mpkrtfbtd qud ks dodmdbtks prkjdn`mdbtks nd s`bf`s skbkrks d v`suf`snfs pfrfcufrb`ãôds afj`o`tfr ks trfhfolks. F sdcu`r fprdsdbtfmks focumfs sucdstôds ndstds s`bf`s.  6 s`ovk5 WFXD! KOLD WFXF M@M!  8 s`ovks5 s`ovks5 jkmdãfr umf fãêk fbtdr`kr fbtdr`krmdbtd mdbtd jkmh`bfnf, ku rdtkmfr umf fãêk fbtdr`krmdbtd fbtdr`krmdbtd `btdrrkmp`nf9  : s`ovks5 WDX@CK! FETNF! Z`bf`s nd hrfãk5  Tm hrfãk pfrf k fotk5 ‟prdj`sk nd feunf”  Mêk bk tkpk nf jfhdãf5 dstku hdm9

>4

 

A`curf :3 Z`bfo`zfãêk nd Feunf d Z`bfo`zfãêk nd ‟KI”

>1

 

>.8. Odv Odvfbtfmdbtk fbtfmdbtk nd @bakrmfãôds bf Jdbf K jkmfbnfbtd nfs kpdrfãôds ndvd tkmfr ndj`sôds pfutfnfs dm `bakrmfãôds qud rdjdhd nurfbtd f afsd nd pofbdefmdbtk. Dstfs `bakrmfãôds à qud `rêk pfutfr k màtknk nd husjf, màtknk nd rdscftd, rdjursks f sdrdm dmprdcfnks, ndbtrd kutrfs `badråbj`fs qud ndvdm sdr ad`tfs d qud pkndm munfr k t`pk nd pofbdefmdbtk5 • ^`pk nd tdrrdbk9 • Vufbtfs pdsskfs dstêk ndsfpfrdj`nfs/pr ndsfpfrdj`nfs/prdj`sfbnk dj`sfbnk nd feunf9 • Vufbtk tdmpk nk jlfmfnk9 • Õot`mk Wkbtk Q`stk (TWQ)9 • Wrkaubn`nfnd nf æcuf9 • Akrãf nf jkrrdbtdzf9 • Fjdssks9 • Mfpfs nk okjfo9 • @bakrmfãêk skhrd fs vít`mfs (sd sfhdm bfnfr, `nfnd, sdxk, sdxk, jkr nf rkupf)9 • Okjfo`zfãêk (pràn`k, jfrrk, þb`hus)9 • Wrdv`sêk nk tdmpk9 • Mftdr`f`s Mftdr`f`s n`spkbívd`s9 • M`o`tfrds n`spkbívd`s9 ^knfs dstfs `bakrmfãôds d kutrfs pkndrêk fux`o`fr k jkmfbnfbtd nfs kpdrfãôds d afzdr jkm qud k pofbdefmdbtk sdef ndstb`nk nd ndtdrm`bfnfqud mfbd`rf pfrfsdræ f mdolkr skouãêktfmhàm pfrf k rdscftd, odmhrfbnk-sd sdmprd bdjdssær`k afzdr f fvfo`fãêk nk r`sjk/hdbdaíj`k nd umf kpdrfãêk.

>3

 

4. ^ÀJB@JFZ ^ÀJB@JFZ D LFH@ LFH@O@NFNDZ O@NFNDZ ND HTZJF D ZFOQ ZFOQFMDB FMDB^K ^K DM DBJLDB^DZ Wfrf sd rdfo`zfr qufoqudr t`pk nd fãêk nd sfovfmdbtk tdmks qud tdr dm mdbtd qud ndv ndvdmks dmks afzdr fs fãôds k mf`s s`mpods pkssívdo, jkm k `btu`tk `btu`tk nd sd jkmpodtf jkmpodtfrr ks khedt`vks nf HTZJF D XDZCF XDZCF^D, ^D, jkmk ndsjr`tk dm n`vdrsks mfbuf`s ZFX (sdfrjl fbn rdsjud)5 O  ‚ Okjfo`zfr ‚ Z`cb`stjf sfhdr kbnd dstæ f vít`mf, pknd sdr s`mpodsmdbtd kolfr bf jkrrdbtdzf, vdr`stjfr sd dstæ ndbtrk nd um jfrrk, dm um rdmfbsk. F ‚ Fjdssfr ‚ F pfrt`r nk mkmdbtk dm qud sd okjfo`zf f vít`mf, ndvd-sd dofhkrfr um pofbk pfrf sfhdr quf`s fãôds ndvdm sdr tkmfnfs pfrf jldcfr ftà dof. Wknd sdr s`mpodsmdbtd dstdbndr um hfstêk pfrf qud dof fcfrrd, ku ftd mdsmk mkbtfr um s`stdmf nd t`rkodsf. D ‚ Dstfh`o`zfr ‚ Fk fojfbãfr f vít`mf, k hkmhd`rk ndvd pr`mfr pdof `btdcr`nfnd aís`jf nf mdsmf, efmf`s ndvdbnk fcrfvfr suf s`tufãêk. Wfrf `ssk dod ndvd dstfh`o`zfr f vít`mf ku f jdbf pfrf qud pkssf sdr pkssívdo rdt`ræ-of nfqudof s`tufãêk. rfbspkrtfr tfr ‚ Fpús dstfh`o`zfr dstfh`o`zfr f vít`mf d tå-of dm sdcurfbãf à ^ ‚ ^rfbspkr bdjdssær`k qud sd trfbspkrtd trfbspkr td f mdsmf. Dstf fãêk pknd sdr s`mpods jkmk puxæ-of ku bkvfmdbtd jkmpodxf jkmk afzdr f rdt`rfnf pkr ldo`júptdrk. Wfrf qud pkssívdo rdfo`zfr tknfs fs afsds focumfs tàjb`jfs sêksdef fprdsdbtfnfs dm sfovfmdbtk dm‟OFD^”, dbjldbtds, qud pkndm sdr s`mpods ku hfstfbtd jkmpodxfs, jfhdbnk jr`tdr`ksf fvfo`fãêk nk jkmfbnfbtd nfs kpdrfãôds skhrd qufo màtknk sdræ ut`o`zfnk. Ndsjrdvdrdmks rdsum`nfmdbtd dstfs tàjb`jfs qud sdrêk fhkrnfnfs jkm ndtfolds pkstdr`krmdbtd.

><

 

CXFT CXF T ND X@ZJK Hf`xk Mkndrfnk Jkbs`ndrævdo Dodvfnk Dxtrdmk

^ÀJB@JF Fojfbãfr Frrdmdssfr Hktd/ Xdmfr Dbtrfr Ldo`júptdrk

Fojfbãfr5 dstf tàjb`jf sd jfrfjtdr`zf pkr tdbtfr fojfbãfr f vít`mf jkm um rdmk, dsjfnf, cfbjlks, ndsnd f mfrcdm sdm qud k rdscft`stf tdblf qud dbtrfr bf æcuf. Frrdmdssfr5 tàjb`jf qud frrdmdssfr focum n`spks`t`vk ﬈utufbtd, jkmk hú`fjkmprddbnd jkm jkrnf, hkosf nd frrdmdssk. @ssk bkrmfomdbtd à ad`tk f pfrt`r nk jfhk ku hkosf nd rdscftd bk sfovfmdbtk dm dbjldbtds9

A`curf :< ^àjb`jf nd frrdmdssk nd sfjk

>0

 

 Hktd/Xdmfr5 tàjb`jf nd ut`o`zfãêk, jfsk f jkrrdbtdzf pdrm`tf, nd um hfrjk, ku hktd bk jursk n‐æcuf pfrf tdbtfr dadtufr k sfovfmdbtk9  Dbtrfr5 tàjb`jf qud dbvkovd hfstfbtd lfh`o`nfnd, qud jkbs`std bk fndbtrfmdbtk nf æcuf pfrf tdbtfr rdfo`zfr sfovfmdbtks, afzdbnk jkm qud um crfbnd bõmdrk nd skjkrr`stfs prkstss`kbf`s ku fmfnkrds sd tkrbdm vít`mfs, jfsk dstds bêk dstdefm tdjb`jfmdbtd prdpfrfnks. Dx`std um fotk r`sjk nd fj`ndbtds. ^dbtfr skmdbtd sd fs kpãôds fbtdr`krds fbtdr`krds t`vdrdm s`nk dscktfnfs, pknd sdr pkr tàjb`jfs nd bftfãêk ku nd fpk`k.  Ldo`júptdrk5 tàjb`jf qud jkmprddbnd f ut`o`zfãêk nd ldo`júptdrk. Dbvkovd um sfovfmdbtk nd fotf jkmpodx`nfnd d ndvd sdr rdfo`zfnf skmdbtd pkr hkmhd`rks trd`bfnks d dm jkbn`ãôds jo`mæt`jfs qud k Jmt nf fdrkbfvd vdr`stqud bêk lfvdr r`sjks, ku qud dstds dstdefm jkbtrkofnks. 4.6. Fojfbãfr Jkmk rdpfssfnk fbtdr`krmdbtd, dstf tàjb`jf dbvkovd hf`xk r`sjk fk hkmhd`rk m`o`tfr d jkmprddbnd dm fojfbãfr f vít`mf ftrfvàs nd um khedtk ríc`nk nd mknk mknk f trfzå-of pfrf f mfrcdm nk jursk n‐æcuf. Dm focubs mfbuf`s, à jkokjfnk fbtds mdsmk ndstf tàjb`jf, f tàjb`jf nd cr`tk ku kr`dbtfãêk, kr`dbtfãêk, pkràm dm tknfs fs tàjb`jfs ut`o`zfnfs ndvdrdmks mfbtdr jkbtftk vdrhfo jkm f vít`mf. Nd`td bk jlêk prúx`mk f jkrrdbtdzf bfs mfrcdbs nk r`k ku nf ruf pfrf fumdbtfr k ftr`tkrdfo`zfr d bêkrsdr qufbnk pkssívdo9 Jfsk sdef pkssívdo rdfo`zf umffrrfstfnk, fbjkrfcdm dm pkbtk pkbt k stxk, afãf-k9 afãf-k9   ^dbtd jldcfr k mf`s okbcd pkssív pkssívdo do jkm k khedtk9   Jlfmd ftdbãêk nf vít`mf pfrf kr`dbtæ-of. kr`dbtæ-of. Bks DTF, umf tàjb`jf mu`tk ut`o`zfnf à umf mfbkhrf jkm mfbcud`rfs nd jkmhftd f `bjåbn`k. qud jkbs`std dm `b﬈fr f mfbcud`rf jkm j`o`bnrks nd mdrcuolk mdrcuolk ftrfvàs nd umf fnfptfãêk bf  eubtf  eub tf pf pfrf rf f væovu væovuof of nk jj`o` `o`bn bnrk rk.. F pkb pkbtf tf nf mfbc mfbcud` ud`rf rf à fmfrr fmfrrfn fnff jkm pfrfnfqud stqud bf akrmf nd um cfbjlk d sdef pkssívdo afzdrjkrnf, k rdscftd vít`mf.

47

 

46

 

A`curf :0 fnfptfãêk pfrf eubtf nd mfbcud`rfs nd `bjåbn`k

A`curf >7 Ndsdblk dsqudmæt`jk nd fpfrftk pfrf `b﬈fr mfbcud`rf

48

 

A`curf >6 Tt`o`zfãêk nd mfbcud`rf `b﬈fnf pfrf rdscftd (Fnvfbjdn Zwawftdr Xdsjud ^djlb`j`fb Jkursd 8766)

M`o`tfr pdrmfbdjd nd`tfnk pfrf dv`tfr sdr puxfnk

Qít`mf

Jkrrdbtdzf Aouxk

Mfbcud`rf `b﬈fnf Mfbcud`rf fmfrrfnf jkm frfmd ku jkrnf

A`curf >8 Fojfbjd jkm mfbcud`rf `b﬈fnf d hfstêk (Zw`awftdr stdon cu`nd kpdrft`kb)

4:

 

4.8. Frrdmdssk Dstf tàjb`jf jkbs`std dm frrdmdssfr cdrfomdbtd jkrnfs ku hú`fs ç vít`mf, pfrf ndpk`s puxæ-of ç mfrcdm nf jkrrdbtdzf. Fk jkbtrær`k nk qud pknd pfrdjdr, dx`cd mu`tk trd`bfmdbtk pfrf jkbsdcu`r ft`bc`r k okjfo jdrtk nk frrdmdssk, tdbnk dm v`stf qud f jkrrdbtdzf d k vdbtk pkndm odvfr k khedtk frrdmdssfnk f okjf`s `bndsdefnks.  Dsjkolf um okjfo dstrftàc`jk pfrf rdfo`zfr k frrdmdssk nf hkosf9  Khtdblf jkbtftk v`sufo jkm f vít`mf d vdrhfo`zfr f fãêk f sdr dmprdcfnf9  Fpkbtd o`cd`rfmdbtd fj`mf nf jfhdãf, r`k fj`mf9  Afãf um frrdmdssk akrtd, qufbnk khsdrvfr qud f vít`mf dstæ bf zkbf fovk9  ^rfcf f vít`mf ju`nfnksfmdbtd ftà f mfrcdm9  Dstdef prkbtk pfrf rdfo`zfr um sdcubnk frrdmdssk rfp`nfmdbtd9  K skjkrr`stf ndvd sdmprd dstfr ut`o`zfbnk um jkodtd, tdbnk dm v`stf qud pknd sdr puxfnk pfrf k jursk n‐æcuf9  À prdadrívdo frrdmdssfr fj`mf nf vít`mf nk qud fhf`xk9

N`rdãêk nf Jkrrdbtdzf

A`curf >: frrdmdssk nd hkosf nd rdscftd (Fnvfbjdn Zwawftdr Xdsjud ^djlb`j`fb Jkursd 8766, ktk ^db Afrfl)

4>

 

 

N`rdãêk nf Jkrrdbtdzf Ekcud dm j`mf ku fj`mf nf vít`mf Ukbf Fovk

K M`o`tfr qud ekcf k sfjk ndvd dstfr hdm pks`j`kbfnk d dm okjfo strmd pfr bêk sdr frrfstfnk

^rfcf f vít`mf pfrf um rdmfbsk.

Xdmfbsk

K m`o`tfr ndvd kr`dbtfr f vít`mf pfrf jkokjfr f jkrnf pkr j`mf nk kmhrk pfrf bêk v`rfr d stjfr nd ardbtd pfrf f æcuf.

A`curf >4 Frrdmdssk nd jkrnf (Zw`awftdr rdsjud stdon cu`nd kpdrft`kbs)

44

 

A`curf >1 6 - Q`t`mf sdcurfbnk f jkrnf fhf`xk nks kmhrks jkm f jkrnf pfssfbnk pkr j`mf nks kmhrks, (JKXXD^K)9 8 - Qít`mf sdcurfbnk f jkrnf pkr hf`xk nks kmhrks, sdm f jkrnf pfssfr pdoks kmhrks (DXXFNK) : - Qít`mf sdcurfbnk f jkrnf pkr j`mf nks kmhrks, jkm f jkrnf pfssfbnk pkr j`mf nk kmhrk, mdolkr dstfh`o`nfnd (JKXXD^K).

F tàjb`jf nd frrdmdssk nd jkrnf pdrm`td rdt`rfr vít`mfs qud tdblfm stjfnk prdsfs pkr pfrtds nk jkrpk dm focumf pdnrf, cfolfnfs, vfofs hud`rks d hkjfs nd okhk. Tm m`o`tfr frrdmdssf f jkrnf pfrf k kutrk ofnk pfrf qud kutrk m`o`tfr tfmhàm tdblf k jkbtrkod nf jkrnf.

41

 

A`curf >3 Xdt`rfnf nd vít`mf jkm pfrtds nk jkrpk prdsf

F jkrnf puxfræ f vít`mf pfrf prúx`mk nk pkbtk dm qud dof dst`vdr prdsf (pà). Ks m`o`tfrds ndvdm dstfr ftdbtks pfrf qud f jkrnf bêk pfssd tktfomdbtd nk jkrpk pfrf qud f vít`mf bêk sdef bkvfmdbtd frrfstfnf pdof jkrrdbtdzf. Fpús rdt`rfr f vít`mf, dst`jfr f jkrnf dm um èbcuok nd >4µ dm rdofãêk ç jkrrdbtdzf pfrf qud f vít`mf bêk stqud prdsf bk jdbtrk nf jkrnf.

A`curf >< Xdt`rfnf nd pfrtds prdsfs

43

 

A`curf >0 Hfjiup jkm jkrnf dm >4µ pfrf rdjupdrfãêk nd vít`mfs

4<

 

4.:. Kpdrfãôds jkm Hktds K prdsdbtd mfbufo bêk v`sf dbs`bfr k m`o`tfr f kpdrfr hktds ku dmhfrjfãôds, tdbnk dm v`stf qud dx`stdm jursks bk JHMMC d dm kutrfs `bst`tu`ãôds qud tdm k akjk vkotfnk pfrf dstfs fãôds. Fs pfnrkb`zfãôds nd s`bfo`zfãêk d mdtknkokc`f ut`o`zfnfs ndvdm jkbt`bufr f sdrdm sdcu`nfs. Fqu` `rdmks fprdsdbtfr tàjb`jfs qud fo`fnfs fk jkbldj`mdbtk pràv`k nd dmhfrjfãôds pkndm fux`o`fr bk sfovfmdbtk dm dbjldbtds, fofcfmdbtks d `bubnfãôds. F tàjb`jf f sdcu`r dm mu`tk sd pfrdjd jkm k s`stdmf nd t`rkodsf Jfpuê ku s`stdmf Ikktbdy, d à ut`o`zfnk pfrf afzdr f rdmkãêk nd pdsskfs `olfnfs dm jfrrks, jfsfs, tdolfnks, dm qud f jkrrdbtdzf dstdef mu`tk ræp`nf (fj`mf nd :m/sdc) `mpdn`bnk f dbtrfnf dm æcuf, ku qud f n`stèbj`f sdef mu`tk crfbnd n`stjuotfbnk k fojfbjd nd um khedtk ku frrdmdssk.

40

 

Wofjf nd muot`fbjkrfcdm

Wko`f o`vrd O`blf nd trfãêk

Jkbtrkod pfrf Z`stdmf nd jkbtrkod nd n`rd êk

n`rd`tf

Z`stdmf 856

Z`stdmf nd trfvfmdbtk

: pkbtks nd n`str`hu`ãêk nd akrãf

 

A`curf 47 Kpdrfãêk Kitkpus jkm hktd

Fpús rdfo`zfr k n`rdj`kbfmdbtk nk hktd, rdt`rd f a`tf nd trfvfmdbtk, pfrf rdfo`zfr f ndsj`nf ku suh`nf nk s`stdmf. Wfrf rdfo`zfr k mkv`mdbtk bf lkr`zkbtfo à bdjdssær`k k trfvfmdbtk nk s`stdmf bf vdrt`jfo, prúx`mk ç pko`f nk hktd, ku bkvfmdbtd jkm f a`tf

17

N`rdãêk nf jkrrdbtdzf

 

  Wkbtk nd

O`blf nd trfãêk

Z`stdmf :56

fbjkrfcdm

Jkokqud k hktd bk rdmfbsk

 

A`curf 46 Kjkrråbj`f nd kpdrfãêk Kitkpus jkm Hktd

^dblf fk mdbks um

Jkmdjd k skjkrrk jkm

rdmk d umf hkosf nd

k hktd nk fotk

frrdmdssk pkr m`o`tfr

mkvdbnk oftdrfomdbtd

N`rdãêk nf jkrrdbtdzf

16

 

4.>. Fndbtrfmdbtk bf Æcuf Dstf à umf nfs tàjb`jfs qud dbvkovd mf`kr r`sjk fk skjkrr`stf, ndvdbnk lfvdr um crfbnd dbtrksfmdbtk dbtrd f dqu`pd d tknks ndvdm dstfr fotfmdbtd jfpfj`tfnks sts`jfmdbtd f rdfo`zfr dstd t`pk nd sfovfmdbtk. Fs tàjb`jfs fqu` dbs`bfnfs ndvdm sdr hdm pofbdefnfs dm um tdftrk nd kpdrfãôds, d umf rdcrf nd kurk ndvd sdmprd sdr sdcu`nf5 BTBJF DB^XD ZKU@BLK DM JKXXDB^DUFZ JKM ÆCTF FJ@MF NF O@BLF NKZ EKDOLKZ!  Mfbtdblf f akrmfãêk nd dbtrfnf bf jkrrdbtdzf9  ^dblf k pkbtk nd fpk`k bk skjkrr`stf nf ardbtd9  Qdr`stqud f dstfh`o`nfnd nk okjfo nd fpk`k nks pàs9  Bêk sd fprdssd9  Xdtkrbd jfsk k tdrrdbk bêk kadrdãf dstfh`o`nfnd. Jkmk v`stk fbtdr`krmdbtd dm bdstfs s`tufãôds f akrãf nf æcuf pknd jfusfr odsôds bks tkrbkzdoks d ftà mdsmk bks ekdolks, d k hkmhd`rk pknd sdr frrfstfnk d bêk jkbsdcu`r bfnfr. Jfsk bêk dx`stf jkrrdbtdzf ku dstf sdef mu`tk odbtf, k jkmfbnfbtd nfs kpdrfãôds pknd fvfo`fr f dbtrfnf bf æcuf ftrfvàs nd màtknks jkmk f akrmfãêk dm Q ku f akrmfãêk dm o`blf, mfs vær`ks aftkrds ndvdm dm jkbtf, jkmk k pkssívdo fumdbtk nd æcufsdrkuodvfnks umf rd`bj`nåbj`f nd tdmpdstfnd. K m`o`tfrnknfvkoumd ardbtd rdjdhd umf jfrcf mf`kr nf akrãf nf æcuf d dod fjfhf pkr afzdr um ‟rdmfbsk” pfrf k m`o`tfr okck ftræs, `ssk afj`o`tf f dstfh`o`nfnd nf akrmfãêk.

18

 

4.>.6.

Akrmfãêk dm O`blf

A`curf 48 Fndbtrfmdbtk dm o`blf

 

N`rdãêk nf jkrrdbtdzf

A`curf 4: Akrmfãêk dm o`blf

1:

 

4.>.8.

Akrmfãêk dm ‟Q”

A`curf 4> Fndbtrfmdbtk dm Q

A`curf 44 krmfãêk dm Q

1>

 

Qdef  k dxdmpok5 Akrãf nf jkrrdbtdzf dm

Akrãf nf jkrrdbtdzf dm

ICA bf foturf nfs

ICA bf foturf nks

pdrbfs

kmhrks

8

<

64

>

:7

16

1

37

6>7

<

684

8>4

Qdokj`nfnd dm im/l

Akbtd5 sw`atwftdr rdsjud mfbufo hy Zo`m Xfy 8776  

Wkndmks dbtêk pdrjdhdr qud f akrãf nf jkrrdbtdzf à sustj`dbtd pfrf ndsdstfh`o`zfr um hkmhd`rk m`o`tfr qud tdbtf stjfr dm pà bk sdu od`tk, sdbnk bdjdssær`k qud k mdsmk tdblf nkmíb`k tktfo nfs tàjb`jfs fqu` mkstrfnfs pfrf qud bêk sd tkrbd umf vít`mf. 4.4. Fndbtrfmdbtk bf Æcuf pfrf Xdscftd dm Qdíjuoks d Xds`nåbj`fs Nurfbtd um tdmpkrfo, ku `bubnfãôds, jkbstfbtdmdbtd pdsskfs stjfm `olfnfs dm sdus vdíjuoks, sdm pkndr nd fãêk, tdbnk dm v`stf f akrãf nf jkrrdbtdzf qud f qufoqudr mkmdbtk pknd frrfstæ-oks. Wfrf tfbtk sêk bdjdssær`fs tàjb`jfs nd fndbtrfmdbtk bf æcuf pfrf rdfo`zfr k sfovfmdbtk nd pdsskfs `olfnfs dm vdíjuoks, pkstds, jfsfs. Qdrdmks tfmhàm ç ardbtd focumfs tàjb`jfs ut`o`zfnfs jkm hktds d ldo`júptdrks. Focubs prkjdn`md prkjdn`mdbtks btks ndvdm sdr sdcu`nks pfrf k sujdssk nf kpdrfãêk5   BTBJF DB^XD ZKU@BLK DM JKXXDB^DUFZ JKM ÆCTF FJ@MF NF O@BLF NKZ EKDOLKZ!

14

 

  ^dblf sdmprd khsdrvfnkrds r`k fj`mf, pfrf vdr`stjfr khedtks ﬈utufbtds qud pkssfm ndsjdr9 ^dblf m`o`tfrds m`o`tfrds r`k fhf fhf`xk `xk jkm sfjks nd fr frrdmdssk rdmdssk jkmk hfjiup9  Dstfh`o`zd k futkmúvdo jkm jkrnfs sd pkssívdo9  Bêk s`cf f o`blf nd dstfh`o`zfãêk, dstfh`o`zfãêk, dof k odvfræ odvfræ çs kbnfs akrmfnfs bk dbjkbtrk nk vdíjuok9  Jfnf m`o`tfr ndvdræ dstfr dqu`pfnk jkm bk míb`mk um jkodtd d jfpfjdtd9  Mfbtdblf k vàrt`jd nf akrmfãêk nd dbjkbtrk ç jkrrdbtdzf (F)9  Fhkrtd f tdbtft`vf jfsk f akrmfãêk bêk dstdef dstævdo9  Ndsokjfr-sd pfrf f pfrtd nd træs nk vdíjuok dv`tfbnk fs kbnfs nd rdfãêk (rd﬈uxk)9  Khsdrvd f tknk k mkmdbtk f dstfh`o`nfnd nk vdíjuok9  Zd k vdíjuok dst`vdr dstævdo, ndsokjfr-sd ftà k rdmfbsk (H)9  Jkokjfr jkodtd d jfpfjdtd dm jfnf vít`mf9  Jkokjfr f vít`mf bk jdbtrk nf akrmfãêk dm Q9  Ndsokjfr-sd oftdrfomdbtd pfrf f mfrcdm nd sdcurfbãf (J)9  Xdpdt`r f kpdrfãêk dbqufbtk lkuvdr vít`mfs.

A`curf 41 fprkx`mfãêk fprkx`mfãêk jkm hktd ( Fnvfbjdn sw`awftdr tdjlb`j`fb rdsjud jkursd 8766)

11

 

A`curf 43 Xdt`rfnf nd vít`mf (Fnvfbjdn sw`awftdr sw`awftdr tdjlb`j`fb rdsjud jkur jkursd sd 8766)

A`curf 4< Fprkx`mfãêk Fprkx`mfãêk jkm màtknk `sjf v`vf (Fnvfbjdn sw`awftdr tdjlb`j`fb rdsjud jkursd 8766)

13

 

Mfrcdm

Xdmfbsk

N`rdãêk nf

Jkbnuz`r f vít`mf bk jdbtrk nf

jkrrdbtdzf

akrmfãêk dm Q

 

A`curf 40 Xdt`rfnf nd vít`mf `olfnf dm vdíjuok

A`curf 17 Wdsskfs `olfnfs dm jfrrk. Akbtd5 pkrtfo X3

1<

 

A`curf 16 Wdsskfs `olfnfs dm jfsf Akbtd5 pkrtfo X3

10

 

4.1. Zfovfmdbtk jkm Bfnfnkr nd Fotf Qdokj`nfnd ku @sjf Q`vf Dssf à umf tàjb`jf qud sú ndvd sdr dmprdcfnf jkm bfnfnkrds dxpdr`dbtds, jkm fotf fotf vdokj`nfnd d akrãf nd bfnk. Mu`tfs vdz vdzds ds umf vít`mf pfssf pkr um pkbtk kbnd bêk lkuvd tdmpk nd sd jkokjfr m`o`tfrds r`k fhf`xk, frmfr s`stdmfs nd jfpturf ku dm pkbtks kbnd k jursk n‐æcuf à `bv`ævdo nd rdfo`zfr kutrfs tàjb`jfs, nk t`pk fojfbjd, frrdmdssk, d bêk læ tdmpk nd sd `b﬈fr um hktd. Wknd sdr ut`o`zfnk jkmk tàjb`jf nd hfjiup nfs kutrfs v`stfs fbtdr`krmdbtd.

A`vdof nd skoturf ræp`nf.

Jkokjfr f o`blf nd v`nf fmfrrfnf f k fbdo nk

  A`curf 18 Z`stdmf nd skoturf ræp`nf

jkodtd.

4.1.6.

Xdqu`s`tks Míb`mks pfrf Kpdrfãêk  

Ærdf nd rdjupdrfãêk o`vrd nd khstruãôds9 Jkodtd jkm stvdof nd skoturf ræp`nf9 6 pfr nd bfnfnd`rfs pfrf supdraíj`d9 17 mdtrks nd jkrnf9 677 mdtrks nd rdt`b`nf 8 hkosfs nd frrdmdssk9

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4.1.8.

Wrkjdn`mdbtks

Wks`j`kbfr-sd dm okjfo jkm hkf v`s`h`o`nfnd d hkm pkbtk nd dbtrfnf9 Nd`xfr f jkrnf nd 17 mdtrks prà-jkbdjtfnf fk jkodtd9 Nd`xfr 1 mdtrks nd jkrnf o`hdrfnf pfrf dbtrfnf9 Wks`ãêk nks sdcurfbãfs ndvd sdr fhf`xk nk pkbtk nd dbrfnf9 Dspdrd ftà f vít`mf pfssfr pdok pkbtk nd dbtrfnf (F)9 K m`o`tfr ndvd rdfo`zfr bfnk nd fprkx`mfãêk k mf`s ræp`nk pkssívdo9 Ks sdcurfbãfs ndvdm o`hdrfr f qufbt`nfnd nd jkrnf bdjdssær`f ftà k skjkrr`stf ft`bc`r f vít`mf (H)9 Fpús k bfnfnkr pdcfr f vít`mf ndvd-sd sdcuræ-of nd mknk f `mkh`o`zfr f jdrv`jfo nf mdolkr mfbd`rf pkssívdo9 Ks sdcurfbãfs puxfm k bfnfnkr d f vít`mf ftà f mfrcdm nk jursk n‐æcuf9 Zd bêk akr pkssívdo puxfr k skjkrr`stf jkm f vít`mf, dstd pknd skotfr f o`blf nd v`nf d fcufrnfr jldcfr f um pkbtk kbnd lfef m`o`tfrds jkm sfjks nd frrdmdssk9

A`curf 1: @sjf v`vf prkbtk pfrf dbtrfr (Fnvfbjdn sw`awftdr tdjlb`j`fb rdsjud jkursd 8766)

36

 

A`curf 1> Fprkx`mfãêk `sjf v`vf (Fnvfbjdn sw`awftdr tdjlb`j`fb rdsjud jkursd 8766)

A`curf 14 @sjf v`vf s`bfo`zfbnk pfrf rdjkoldr (Fnvfbjdn sw`awftdr tdjlb`j`fb rdsjud jkursd 8766)

38

 

Bfnfnkr

N`rdãêk nf jkrrdbtdzf

Zdcurfbãfs

Jkrnf pfrf rdjupdrfr

Ærdf nd `ãfmdbtk, mfrcdm

  A`curf 11 @sjf v`vf (sw`atwftdr rdsjud a`don cu`nd kpdrft`kbs)

3:

 

A`curf 13 Dxdmpok nd s`tufãêk nd prkjdn`mdbtk @sjf-Q`vf

tàjb`jf nd `sjff v`vf pkndfmfrrfãôds, sdr ut`o`zfnftrfj`kbfmdbtk pfrf odvfr jfhks ndFumf mfrcdm kutrftfmhàm pfrf afzdr nd jfhks ndbtrd kutrks. Vufbnk dstf tàjb`jf bêk akr ut`o`zfnf pfrf k rdscft`stf pdcfr umf vít`mf d ndpk`s sdr puxfnk, f jkrnf f sdr ut`o`zfnf ndvd sdr dbtrd 8 f > m`oímdtrks, k qud jlfmfmks nd rdt`b`nf. @ssk ndvd-sd ndvd-sd fk aftk nd qud f rdt`b`nf pkssu` mdbkr ærdf nd jkbtftk jkm f æcuf d, pkrtfbtk, `ræ prkpkrj`kbfr mdbks rds`ståbj`f fk bfnfnkr, afj`o`tfbnk sdu ndsokjfmdbtk bf æcuf.

3>

 

1.

ZFOQ ZFOQFMDB^K JKM LDO@ LDO@JÚW^D JÚW^DXK XK

F ut`o`zfãêk nf fdrkbfvd ndvd, fj`mf nd tunk, khdndjdr çs n`rdtr`zds nd dmprdck kpdrfj`kbfo Jkrpkrfãêk d rdcrfs nd vþk v`cdbtds. Vudm ndstb`ræ f tàjb`jf d tæt`jf pfrf k sfovfmdbtk à k Jkmfbnfbtd nd Kpdrfãôds Fàrdfs (jk-p`oktk), fssdsskrfnk pdoks mdmhrks nf tr`puofãêk d jkm f ndj`sêk stbfo nk Jkmfbnfbtd nf Fdrkbfvd (p`oktk). F dqu`pd dmhfrjfnf ndvdræ ftufr mfbtdbnk jkbtftk jkbstfbtd jkm f dqu`pd nd skok, jkm k khedt`vk nd pktdbj`fo`zfr fs fãôds sfovfmdbtk, husjfbnk `bakrmfãôds skhrd s`tufãôds nd r`sjk fk tr`puofbtd nf fdrkbfvd qud dxdjutfræ k sfovfmdbtk, tf`s jkmk stks, khstæjuoks, jkrrdbtdzf, vdbtks, dtj. Wfrf qud sd usd f fdrkbfvd, tknfs fs kutrfs kpãôds ndvdm tdr s`nk prdv`fmdbtd ndsjfrtfnfs ndsjfrtfnfs d fs dqu`pds ndv ndvdm dm dstfr mu`tk hdm trd`bfnfs d dbtrksfnfs. F ut`o`zfãêk nk ldo`júptdrk pknd sdrv`r tfmhàm fk trfbspkrtd nks m`o`tfrds, dqu`pfmdbtks, supr`mdbtks d, dm jfsks dspdjístjks, `oum`bfãêk nk r`k ku nk okjfo `bubnfnk, pfrf fuxío`k bfs fãôds nd rdscftd. Wkràm, fs fãôds nd sfovfmdbtks jkm dmprdck nd fdrkbfvd sd jfrfjtdr`zfm pkr sdrdm nd dodvfnk crfu nd jkmpodx`nfnd d mu`tk frr`sjfnfs, ndbtrd dofs dstêk5 Nd`xfr k m`o`tfr prúx`mk nd um vdíjuok `bubnfnk9 Nd`xfr k m`o`tfr dm umf dn`stjfãêk `olfnf9 Nd`xfr k m`o`tfr ndbtrk nf æcuf, prúx`mk nd umf vít`mf9 Xdscftd ftrfvàs nd puãæ ku jdstk. Dstfs fãôds, jkmk n`tfs fbtdr`krmdbtd, ndvdm sdr prdjdn`nfs pkr um trd`bfmdbtk jkbeubtk dbtrd dqu`pd fàrdf d dqu`pd nd skok, pfrf qud sd n`m`buf k r`sjk nd fj`ndbtds bfs fãôds nd rdscftd, eæ qud sd dbqufnrf dm umf s`tufãêk nd fotk r`sjk, pr`bj`pfomdbtd sd bk jdbær`k nf kpdrfãêk dstdef `bj`n`bnk jluvfs jkm vdbtks akr akrtds tds d f v`s`h`o`nfnd dstdef rdnuz`nf. Dstds aftkrds ftmksaàr`jks `btdradrdm n`rdtfmdbtd bk pf`rfnk nf fdrkbfvd, o`m`tfbnk k podbk jkbtrkod nf fdrkbfvd jkbsdqudbtdmdbtd k sfovfmdbtk fàrdk.pkr Wkr `sskddstf kpdrfãêk ndvdn`stjuotfbnk fj`mf nd tunk dstfr pfutfnf trd`bfmdbtk d pkr m`o`tfrds jkbstfbtdmdbtd trd`bfnks. 34

 

A`curf 1< Zfovfmdbtk ut`o`zfbnk fdrkbfvd.

31

 

3. ^XF^ ^XF^FMDB^K FMDB^K NFZ QÍ^@M QÍ^@MFZ FZ ND ZFOQ ZFOQFMD FMDB^K B^K DM DBJLDB^DZ Nurfbtd kjkrråbj`fs nd sfovfmdbtk dm dbjldbtds, fs vít`mfs dbjkbtrfnfs bdstds fmh`dbtds pkndm fprdsdbtfr focubs t`pks nd odsôds5 L`pktdrm`f9 Jkbtusôds, arfturfs ndjkrrdbtd nd `mpfjtks jkm khedtks ﬈utufbtds9 Adr`mdbtks jkrtk jkbtusks ndjkrrdbtd nd khedtks ﬈utufbtds9 Fakcfmdbtk9 @badjãêk ndjkrrdbtd nd jkbtftk jkm æcuf jkbtfm`bfnf9 K trftfmdbtk nfs vít`mfs ndstds t`pks nd `beõr`fs ndvd sdr ad`tk nd fjkrnk jkm k prktkjkok okjfo nd ftdbn`mdbtk prà-lksp`tfofr, odmhrfbnk qud sdmprd qud umf vít`mf dstæ dm um fmh`dbtd dm jkbtftk jkm f æcuf, dof prkvfvdomdbtd prkvfvdomdbtd tdræ um qufnrk qufnrk vkotfnk pfrf rdfãôds l`pktàrm`jfs, ndv`nk ç jfrfjtdríst`jf nd f æcuf fhskrvdr k jfokr mf`s afj`omdbtd qud k fr. Wkrtfbtk krtfbtk fqudjdr f vít`mf vít`mf à pr`mkrn`fo pr`mkrn`fo pfrf f hkf dvkouãêk nk qufnrk nf mdsmf. F vít`mf dbjfm`blfnf pfrf k jdbtrksdr lksp`tfofr ndvdræ rdjdhdr qud pkssfm trfbsm`t`nfs pdof æcuf. trftfmdbtk pfrf `badjãôds Foàm nfs vít`mfs à `mpkrtfbtd k jkmfbnfbtd nfs kpdrfãôds tdr dm mdbtd qud ks rdscft`stfs tfmhàm pkndm skardr odsôds nurfbtd k ftdbn`mdbtk nd kjkrråbj`fs. Ndpdbndbnk nf dvkouãêk nk jdbær`k nf kjkrråbj`f d nk bõmdrk nd vít`mfs qud pkndm sdr rdscftfnfs, à `mpkrtfbtd k jkmfbnfbtd nfs kpdrfãôds fvfo`fr f v`fh`o`nfnd nd sd dmprdcfr um pkstk màn`jk fvfbãfnk pfrf k trftfmdbtk `b`j`fo nfs vít`mfs bk okjfo nf kjkrråbj`f, pk`s mu`tfsbêk vdzds dmpkssívdo um jdbær`k jkm qufbt`tft`vk pouv`kmàtr`jk dodvfnk sdræ umcrfvd ndsokjfmdbtk ræp`nk ftd um jdbtrk nd trftfmdbtk ndstb`t`vk, pr`bj`pfomdbtd bk `btdr`kr 33

 

nd M`bfs, kbnd mu`tfs mu`tfs vdzds k rdjursk à dsjfssk. dsjfssk. Kutrk pkbtk f sdr khsdrvfnk à k nd sd jkbstru`r um pkbtk qudbtd pfrf jkokjfr f vít`mf qufbnk f rdmkãêk rdmkãêk `mdn`ftf bêk akr pkssívdo. K pkbtk qudbtd à jkbstruínk jkm mfbtf foum`b`zfnf, afzdbnk-sd umf tdbnf dm Q d jkokjfbnk-sd focum t`pk nd mftdr`fo qud dmfbd jfokr pfrf k `btdr`kr ndssf tdbnf nd mknk f fqudjdr f vít`mf.

  A`curf 10 ^`pk nd fhr`ck qud pknd sdr ut`o`zfnk jkmk pkbtk qudbtd.

  A`curf 37 Qít`mf l`pktàrm`jf pdof pdrnf nd jfokr pfrf æcuf.

3<

 

  A`curf 36 Màtknk ut`o`zfnk f`bnf ndbtrk nk fmh`dbtd fquæt`jk pfrf mdbkr pdrnf nd jfokr.

30