Manual Display WiFi CPU 2016

 

 

 

 

Cspeõaj. Cspeõaj. Cifjgsk.   Cifjgsk.

Råfgie Refc

8 87

Nreiæegs . Gtejgeia.   Gtejgeia. Rartufuïs.   Rartufuïs.

Refc Refgie Råfgie

33 ;5 526

5=/55/8256  

5

 

EM^CX]CI@GEP 

AHJGFE@GAICP 

RCJGFXA CI FCICXEJ 

JCCX LEISEJCP GIP]XS@@GAICP 

MC

Jce `ai etci`gði jas leiuejcs sulgigstremas `ai cj epereta eitcs mc su gisteje`gði y usa. Pðja usa. Pðja esì, pamrå ahtcicr jes lcoarcs prcste`gaics y je låxgle scfurgmem mureitc su usa.  Cstc epereta pucmci utgjgzerja igõas `ai cmem mc ; eõas y supcrgar y pcrsaies `ai `epe`gmemcs nìsg`es, scisargejcs a lcitejcs rcmu`gmes a nejte mc cxpcrgci`ge y `aia`glgcita, sg sc jcs ke mema je supcrvgsgði a narle`gði eprapgemes rcspc`ta ej usa mcj epereta mc uie leicre scfure y `alprcimci jas pcjgfras quc glpjg`e. Jas igõas ia mchci oufer `ai cj epereta. Je jglpgcze y cj leitciglgcita e rcejgzer par cj usuerga  usuerga  ia mchci rcejgzerjas jas igõas sgi supcrvgsgði.  Cj `rgstej mc je pucrte y ejfuies supcrng`gcs mcj epereta pucmci ej`eizer ejtes tclpcretures.  ¡E]CI@GÐI!? ia ehrgr je ¡E]CI@GÐI!? nui`gaielgcita mcj epereta. 

8

pucrte

mureitc

cj

 

ÌIMG@C 5.

GI]XAMS@@GÐI ]C@JEMA. 5.5. MC]EJJC MCJ REICJ MC LEIMAP. 5.8. @AIC[GÐI W PGI@XAIG_E@GÐI @AI JE CP]SNE. 5.0. ]CIFE LSW CI @SCI]E USC… 5.=. LCIß RXGI@GREJ. 5.3. HEXXE JC@]SXE MC LCIPEOCP. 5.>. LCIß EOSP]CP.

Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie

= = = 3 3 3 >

8. 0.

CP]EMAP MC JE CP]SNE. LEICOA MCJ ]C@JEMA. 0.5. CI@CIMGMA.  CI@CIMGMA.  0.8. EREFEMA. EREFEMA.   0.0. E@]G^EX A MCPE@]G^EX CJ HJAUSCA MC ]C@JEMA.  ]C@JEMA.  0.=. PCJC@@GÐI MC GMGALE.  GMGALE.  0.3. PCJC@@GÐI MC @ALHSP]GHJC.  @ALHSP]GHJC.  0.>. EOSP]C ANNPC]P.  ANNPC]P.  0.6. LAMA MC NSI@GAIELGCI]A.  NSI@GAIELGCI]A.  0.6.5. LAMA RA]CI@GE.  RA]CI@GE.  0.6.8 LAMA ]CLRCXE]SXE.  ]CLRCXE]SXE.  0.6.0 LAMA CLCXFCI@GE.  CLCXFCI@GE.  0.; KEHGJG]EX/MCPKEHGJG]EX @EJCIMEXGA.  @EJCIMEXGA. 

Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie

> 6 6 6 6 6 6 ; ; ; ; ; 7

0.7 ]C@JEMA. ]C@JEMA.      0.52.  RXAFXELE@GÐI 0.52. ^GPSEJG_E@GÐI MC@EJCIMEXGA ME]AP CI ]GCLRA XCEJ. XCEJ.  0.55. ^GPSEJG_E@GÐI VCH CPUSCLE KGMXÅSJG@A (PÐJA LAMCJAP EFSE). EFSE).   0.58.  PCJC@@GÐI LAMA E@P / @EJCNE@@GÐI. (PÐJA LAMCJAP EFSE). 0.58.

Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie

77 52 52

=.

@AIC[GÐI E CP]SNE MCPMC @SEJUSGCX MGPRAPG]G^A @AI @AIC[GÐI VgNg.

Råfgie

52

3.

GI]CXNE_ VCH. Råfgie 3.5. LCIß RXGI@GREJ. Råfgie 3.5.5. JC@]SXE MC LCIPEOCP. Råfgie 3.8. @AINGFSXE@GÐI MC GMGALE, _AIE KAXEXGE W PCJC@@GÐI LAMA E@P /  /   Råfgie @EJCNE@@GÐI. (PÐJA LAMCJAP EFSE). 3.0. PCJC@@GÐI MC @ALHSP]GHJC. Råfgie 3.=. LCIß ^GPSEJG_E@GÐI MC ME]AP. Råfgie

55 55 55 58

3.3. LAMAP MC NSI@GAIELGCI]A. 3.3.5. LAMA RA]CI@GE. 3.3.8 LAMA ]CLRCXE]SXE. 3.3.0. LAMA CLCXFCI@GE. 3.>. LCIß ANNPC]. 3.6. RXAFXELE@GÐI @EJCIMEXGA VCH. 3.6.5. RJEI]GJJEP MC RXAFXELE@GÐI. 3.6.8. RXAFXELE@GÐI PCLEIEJ RAX RJEI]GJJEP. 3.; ^GPSEJG_E@GÐI VCH CPUSCLE KGMXÅSJG@A (PÐJA LAMCJAP EFSE). 3.7. @AIC[GÐI E GI]CXIC] (CEPWIC]). 3.7.5 RXC@ES@GAICP W XC@ALCIME@GAICP. 3.7.8 @AINGFSXE@GÐI.  @AINGFSXE@GÐI.  3.7.0 E@@CPA MCPMC GI]CXIC]. 3.7.= XC@SRCXEX JE XCM VgNg AXGFGIEJ.  AXGFGIEJ.  

Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie

50 5= 5= 5> 56 56 5; 57 57 80 80 80 8= 83

EJEXLEP. >.5. XCGIG@GA EJEXLE.

Råfgie Råfgie

83 86

>

0

58 58

 

5.  5. 

GI]XAMS@@GÐI. 5.5.  5.5. 

      

MC]EJJC MCJ REICJ MC LEIMAP.

^gsuejgzemar mc `rgstej jìqugma. Hatði rctra`csa / lavglgcita gzqugcrme. Hatði gi`rclcita / errghe. Hatði evei`c / lavglgcita mcrc`ke. Hatði mc`rclcita / eheoa. Hatði ci`cimgma ‐ epefema / `aingrle`gði. Xc`cptar mc ginrerraoas. (Gikehgjgtema).

Ngfure 5

      

^gsuejgzemar mc `rgstej jìqugma. Ias ginarle mcj cstema mc je cstune y rcnjcoe jes e``gaics quc rcejgzelas sahrc cj peicj mc leimas. Je rctragjulgie`gði mcj vgsuejgzemar sc mcse`tgve `ueima treis`urrci 02 scfuimas sgi pujser igifuie tc`je ci cj peicj mc leimas. Hatði rctra`csa (). Rcrlgtc e``cmcr ej lciÿ mc vgsuejgze`gði mc metas a mcspjezersc e je gzqugcrme mcitra mc jas g`aias a lciÿs. Mgslgiuyc vejarcs mcitra mcj `ursar. Hatði gi`rclcita / errghe (). Eulcite vejar mcscema mc patci`ge y/a tclpcreture scfÿi lama mc nui`gaielgcita (R, ] a C) y mcspjeze je scjc``gði ke`ge errghe ci jas lciÿs. Hatði evei`c (). Rcrlgtc e``cmcr ej lciÿ mc eoustcs y rctarier e je peitejje prgi`gpej mcsmc jas lciÿs sgi rcejgzer lamgng`e`gaics. Eulcite vejarcs mcitra mcj `ursar. Hatði mc`rclcita / eheoa (). Mgslgiuyc vejar mcscema mc patci`ge y/a tclpcreture scfÿi lama mc nui`gaielgcita (R, ] a C) y mcspjeze je herre mc scjc``gði ke`ge eheoa ci jas lciÿs. Hatði ci`cimgma ‐ epefema ( ). Ci`gcimc y epefe je cstune mcsmc je peitejje prgi`gpej. Mcitra mc jas mgncrcitcs lciÿs tgcic je nui`gði mc `aingrler. Xc`cptar mc ginrerraoas. Xc`ghc je scõej civgeme par cj leima e mgstei`ge. Gikehgjgtema Mglcisgaics (ll)?

Ngfure 8 

5.8.

@AIC[GÐI W PGI@XAIG_E@GÐI @AI JE CP]SNE.

Sie vcz gistejeme je cstune scfÿi sc gimg`e ci cj ‚ Leiuej mc gisteje`gði y leitciglgcita“* leitciglgcita“* mgspaighjc ci iucstre påfgie wch www.c`anarcst.cs, je cjc`trðig`e csterå apcretgve ci ui tgclpa gincrgar e =2 scfuimas mcsmc je `aicxgði mc je cstune e je rcm cjç`trg`e. =

 

 

 

Reitejje mc erreiquc tc`jema. ^crsgði tc`jema.

Ngfure 0  * Xc`ucrmc quc ci iucstre påfgie wch mgspaic mc tamas jas leiuejcs mc gistru``gaics e`tuejgzemas. Pgclprc  prcvejc`crå je vejgmcz mcj ÿjtgla leiuej mc gistru``gaics. gistru``gaics.

5.0

]CIFE LSW CI @SCI]E USC… Jas `elhgas mureitc cj usa y `aingfure`gði mc je cstune, pucmci rcejgzersc sglujtåicelcitc mcsmc cj tc`jema y `uejqugcr mgspasgtgva VgNg quc cstç `aic`tema e je cstune, sgcima je ÿjtgle lamgng`e`gði  lamgng`e`gði  sgi glparter mcsmc quc mgspasgtgva sc keye kc`ka je quc prcvejc`crå quc prcvejc`crå.. @gcrtes `aingfure`gaics sðja pucmci rcejgzersc lcmgeitc `aicxgði VgNg, y mchci scr rcejgzemes par pcrsaiej eutargzema (pratcfgmes heoa `aitrescõe) `ai je låqugie epefeme y sgi ejerles (cstema 2). E `aitgiue`gði sc cxpaici mg`kes `aingfure`gaics?

Lamcjas egrc  Pteimhy  Pteimhy  elhgcitc  elhgcitc `ai saime. AI/ANN par tcrlasteta cxtcria.  AI/ANN

•

•

•

• • • • • •

5.=.

 

LCIß RXGI@GREJ.



Herre mc jc`ture mc lciseocs. Lama R, ] a C. Cstema (vcr epertema 8 mc cstc leiuej  leiuej  ‚Cstemas mc je cstune“). cstune“). Igvcj mc patci`ge / ]clpcreture mcsceme.

    

]c`jema hjaqucema. @ejcimerga kehgjgtema. Lama E@P / @ejcne``gði (LAMCJAP EFSE). ]clpcreture saime mc elhgcitc. Lciÿ prgi`gpej.



Lamcjas efue  @aingfure`gði @aingfure`gði mc csqucles kgmråujg`as. Pteimhy  elhgcitc  elhgcitc `ai saime.  Pteimhy   AI/ANN AI/ANN par tcrlasteta cxtcria.  Pgstcle Pgstcle eitghjaquca. Pgstcle eitgkgcja.  Pgstcle  Pgstcle Pgstcle eitgjcfgaicje. @aitraj sgjas cxtcrias (mcpcimc lamcja).  @aitraj

Ngfure = 

5.3.   5.3.

HEXXE JC@]SXE MC LCIPEOCP.

  

Lciseoc mc scfurgmem (I a Exxx).* Lama mc nui`gaielgcita (R, L a C). ** Cstema mc nui`gaielgcita. *** *Ejerles (E[[[) (puita > ). **Ratci`ge, tclpcreture a clcrfci`ge, puitas 0.6.5 , 0.6.8 y 0.6.0 rcspc`tgvelcitc. ***Mgncrcitcs cstemas ci cj puita 8.

Ngfure 3 

3

 

LCIß EOSP]CP. 

5.>.

   

G`aia mc e``csa e `aingfure`gði. Pcjc``gði mc gmgale. Cspeõaj (par mcnc`ta). Lama mc nui`gaielgcita (R, L a C). ]cst mc latarcs (usa cx`jusgva P.E.].). ^gsuejgze`gði csqucle kgmråujg`a. (LAMCJAP EFSE). Pcjc``gði lama E@P / @ejcne``gði. (LAMCJAP EFSE).

 

tc`jema.Rcjjct (par  Rrafrele`gði Pcjc``gði mc`ejcimerga `alhustghjc.  mcnc`ta), kucsa mc e`cgtuie a `ås`ere mc ejlcimre. Eoustc mc mgncrcitcs ‛annscts‗. Xctaria e peitejje prgi`gpej.

 

8.  8. 

Ngfure >

CP]EMAP MC JE CP]SNE.

Mcsmc su `aicxgði e je rcm cjç`trg`e, je cstune `elhgerå sus cstemas mcpcimgcima mc je prafrele`gði y armcics mcj usuerga, emepteima su nui`gaielgcita e jes `aimg`gaics glpucstes ci `eme lalcita. Cs pasghjc `alpraher cj cstema ci cj quc sc ci`ucitre je cstune, teita mcsmc cj tc`jema `ala mcsmc je gitcrnez wch mc ui mgspasgtgva VgNg, vgsuejgzeima cj `ajar mcj g`aia `arrcspaimgcitc a vcrgng`eima cj iÿlcra mcj cstema ci je peitejje mc vgsuejgze`gði mc metas. •

•

  ]c`jema? @ajar g`aia (puita   mc jes  ngfures =  y 3) a hgci `alpraheima cj vejar iulçrg`a (ngfure 82 mcj epertema 0.52 ).   Gitcrnez Vch? G`aia  ( ngfure  ngfure 02) mc je peitejje prgi`gpej a ci je vgsuejgze`gði mc metas ( ngfure  ngfure 0=).

G`aia? ]c`jema Vch

@ajar cstema

Iÿlcra cstema

Rra`csa

Xaoa

2

Ci prglcre gistei`ge y `ueima je cstune cstå epefeme y jgste pere ci`cimcr vgsuejgzerclas cj lci`gaiema g`aia ci `ajar raoa. Rujseima /, je cjc`trðig`e kerå uie hrcvc vcrgng`e`gði mc latarcs y mcprcsgði mc egrc, y pra`cmcrå e rcejgzer cj ci`cimgma, `elhgeima cj g`aia mc hjei`a e elergjja.

Elergjja

5 8 0 = 52

@ueima cj g`aia pese e `ajar elergjja ias gimg`e quc je cstune cstå rcejgzeima ui ci`cimgma. @ai cj cxtre`tar, `eìme mc `alhustghjc y rcsgstci`ge mc ci`cimgma nui`gaieima pere `aiscfugr je `alhustgði gig`gej.

3 >

Sie vcz `aiscfuglas uie mgncrci`ge mc tclpcreture rcspc`ta e je rcfgstreme ci cj lalcita mcj ci`cimgma cj g`aia `elhgerå e `ajar ezuj `cjcstc, gimg`eima quc sc ci`ucitre ci pra`csa mc prc`ejcitelgcita, epeferå je rcsgstci`ge mc ci`cimgma y sc rcejgzerå ui pra`csa pra `csa tatejlcitc eutaletgzema pere `aiscfugr uie `alhustgði emc`ueme pere cj pastcrgar nui`gaielgcita.

6

@ueima je tclpcreture ci je sejgme mc fescs ej`ei`c jas 522²@ y treis`urrei > lgiutas mcsmc cj ci`cimgma, cj g`aia `elhgerå e `ajar vcrmc, ja quc ias gimg`e quc ke ngiejgzema cj pra`csa mc ci`cimgma y tcimrclas e``csa ej eoustc mc `eìme mc `alhustghjc a rcfuje`gði mc tclpcreture. Ci cj `esa mc quc ia `aisgfe mg`ke tclpcreture ci 53 lgiutas peserå e gimg`er je ejerle 77 (E277). ^cr tehje mc ejerles (epertema >).

Ezuj `cjcstc

^crmc

>

 

Hjei`a

; 55 -0

@ueima rcejgzelas cj epefema mc je cstune cj g`aia sc paimrå ci hjei`a peseima pastcrgarlcitc ej raoa, ezuj lergia sg sc ke epefema par prafrele`gði a iereioe sg ke mema uie ejerle.

Ezuj lergia

-82

Gimg`e quc cstå e je cspcre mc je prafrele`gði.

Iereioe

-=

Mg`ka g`aia vgcic e`alpeõema `ai je scõejgze`gði mcj lciseoc mc scfurgmem E[[[. ^çesc puita > ‚EJEXLEP  ‚EJEXLEP“. “.

 

0.  0. 

LEICOA MCJ ]C@JEMA. 0.5.

CI@CIMGMA. Rrglcr ci`cimgma? Eitcs mc ci`cimcr je låqugie, `cher cj sginìi mcsmc cj lciÿ P.E.] keste quc `egfe `alhustghjc ci cj `cstgjja.

Ngfure 6

0.8.

EREFEMA.  EREFEMA. 

Ngfure ;

0.0.

E@]G^EX A MCPE@]G^EX CJ HJAUSCA MC ]C@JEMA.

Ngfure 7

0.=.

PCJC@@GÐI MC GMGALE.

Ngfure 52

0.3.   0.3.

PCJC@@GÐI MC @ALHSP]GHJC.

Rere e``cmcr e cstc lciÿ, je cstune mchc cster epefeme y sgi ejerles (cstema ( cstema 2).  Xcvgser epertema 0 mcj ‚Leiuej mc gisteje`gði y leitciglgcita“. Pc mchc tcicr ci `ucite je pasghjc ic`csgmem mc gi`arparer ejfÿi e``csarga pere pamcr utgjgzer atra `alhustghjc. Eitcs mc rcejgzer mg`ka `elhga `aisujtc `ai su mgstrghugmar.

Ngfure 55 

6

 

0.>.

EOSP]C ANNPC]P. Mg`kas eoustcs mchci scr puituejcs ye quc je cstune sc eouste eutalåtg`elcitc, ci cj `esa mc tcicr quc rcejgzer ui eoustc `aisujtc `ai su mgstrghugmar.

Ngfure 58

0.6.

LAMA MC NSI@GAIELGCI]A.

Rere e``cmcr e cstc lciÿ, je cstune mchc cster epefeme y sgi ejerles (cstema ( cstema 2).  Je cjc`trðig`e mgspaic mc trcs lamas mc nui`gaielgcita? patci`ge, tclpcreture y clcrfci`ge. Rere scjc``gaier ui lama u atra, mchclas e``cmcr mcsmc je peitejje prgi`gpej? 0.6.5. LAMA RA]CI@GE. Cj reifa mc rcfuje`gði ve mcj igvcj 5 ej 7, sgcima 7 cj igvcj mc `eìme låxgle mc `alhustghjc. Rere eulciter cj igvcj pujserclas je njc`ke supcrgar () y pere heoer je njc`ke gincrgar ( ). 

Ngfure 50

0.6.8. LAMA ]CLRCXE]SXE. Pg `aingfurelas cj lama mc treheoa ci tclpcreture, je R scrå sustgtugme par uie ]. Pðja mchclas `aingfurer   cstc lama sg tciclas je saime mc elhgcitc `aic`teme a ui tcrlasteta jghrc mc tcisgði `aic`tema `ai su `arrcspaimgcitc emeptemar. Cj reifa mc rcfuje`gði `ai saime cs citrc 58²@ y =2²@, sgcima cste ÿjtgle je tclpcreture låxgle rcfujehjc. Rere eulciter je tclpcreture pujserclas je njc`ke supcrgar () y pere heoer je njc`ke gincrgar ( ).

Ngfure 5=

Ngfure 53

Rere ui eoustc lås prc`gsa mc cstc lama, `aisujter cj puita 3.3.8 3.3.8.. 0.6.0. LAMA MC CLCXFCI@GE. Cstc lama sajelcitc mchc utgjgzersc ci `esa mc clcrfci`ge, ye quc ia lamuje je mcprcsgði mc citreme mc egrc, ig cj epartc mc `alhustghjc y cj `aivc`tar nui`gaierå e låxgle patci`ge mcsmc cj gig`ga. S]GJG_EX gig`ga. S]GJG_EX PÐJA CI @EPA MC CLCXFCI@GE C GIMG@EMA RAX CJ P.E.].

;

 

 

Ngfure 5>

0.;.

KEHGJG]EX / MCPKEHGJG]EX @EJCIMEXGA.

Ngfure 56

0.7.

RXAFXELE@GÐI @EJCIMEXGA ]C@JEMA. Eitcs mc rcejgzer uie prafrele`gði mc `ejcimerga, vcrgng`er y lamgng`er sg nucsc ic`cserga je nc`ke y kare e`tuej. Cj tc`jema pcrlgtc eouster mcsmc cj lciÿ cj mìe mc je scleie, je nc`ke (MM/LL/EE) y je kare (KK?LL narleta 8=k) mc je @RS. Cj tc`jema ia mgspaic mc `elhga mc zaie karerge eutalåtg`e. Rar teita, cj `ejcimerga mchc `aingfurersc sgclprc par cj lgsla lcmga (vìe tc`jema a vìe VCH), pumgcima eperc`cr prahjcles mc mcsnesc karerga citrc tc`jema y VCH sg cj `ejcimerga sc `aingfure sglujtåicelcitc par mgstgitas lcmgas (vìe tc`jema y vìe VCH).

Ngfure 5; 

Rcrlgtc cstehjc`cr uie prafrele`gði `ai keste = nreioes karerges pere `eme uia mc jas mìes mc je scleie. Jes nreioes tgcici 0 `ajulies `aingfurehjcs? Kare gig`ga mc nreioe, lama (igvcj patci`ge, epefema, sthy) y tclpcreture elhgcitc (mcpcimc `aingfure`gði låqugie).

       

Pcjc``gaie cj mìe e prafreler. @eme mìe `arrcspaimc e uie pjeitgjje. Mcsmc cj Malgifa ej Påhema (Rjeitgjjes 2 e 6 rcspc`tgvelcitc) Kehgjgte a mcskehgjgte `ejcimerga. @apge je pjeitgjje mcj mìe scjc``gaiema e? JSI-MAL Mìe ci `ai`rcta.  EJJ ]amas jas mìes. VDM Mìes mc scleie (Juics e ^gcrics)  VDI Ngi mc scleie (Påhema y Malgifa)  E`tgve a mcse`tgve `apge mc pjeitgjje. ]ª elhgcitc `aisgfie mc `eme nreioe karerge. Epefema.  IA  Xcspcte nreioe eitcrgar.  

Petgsne`c E@P y `ejcne``gði. Rrgargmem E@P. Pðja setgsne`c `ejcne``gði. Pðja setgsne`c E@P.

=.  =. 

@AIC[GÐI E CP]SNE MCPMC @SEJUSGCX MGPRAPG]G^A USC RCXLG]E @AIC[GÐI VgNg.

Ja prglcra quc ic`csgterclas cs `aia`cr je gmcitgng`e`gði mc je rcm VgNg mc je cstune (PPGM) y je `aitrescõe mc mg`ke rcm. Jes pamrclas ci`aitrer ci uie pcfetgie sglgjer ej coclpja mc je ngfure 86 , ci 0 uhg`e`gaics?   Råfgie 5 mc cstc leiuej.   @RS mc je låqugie.   Rrðxgle e je pcfetgie `ai cj i¿ mc scrgc mc je låqugie. •

•

•

PI? I¿ scrgc @RS - Ialhrc - Ssuerga. PPGM? Xcm VgNg argfgiej.

  

RVM? @aitrescõe VgNg. @aitrescõe påfgiercm wch (; prglcras mìfgtas). IC]? Rucrta mgrc``gaielgcita cstune. Ngfure 86

52

 

Mchclas hus`er y cstehjc`cr `aicxgði `ai je rcm VgNg mc je cstune, pere cjja mchclas gitramu`gr je `aitrescõe lastreme ci je pcfetgie, rcspcteima tamas jas `ere`tcrcs ejneiulçrg`as mc je `aitrescõe, esì `ala leyÿs`ujes y lgiÿs`ujes. @ai je `aicxgði cstehjc`gme, gitramu`gr ci cj ievcfemar wch mc iucstra mgspasgtgva, je mgrc``gði SXJ? kttp?//578.5>;.0.5   kttp?//578.5>;.0.5

Ngfure 8;

Ej e``cmcr e je gitcrnez wch, pucmc sajg`gterias uie eutcitgng`e`gði.



PI? I¿ scrgc @RS - Ialhrc - Ssuerga. @aitrescõe påfgie wch (; prglcras mìfgtas).

Ngfure 87 

Pg cj mgspasgtgva VgNg ja utgjgzelas `ai verges rcmcs sglujtåices (cstune, VgNg mc `ese, VgNg treheoa, ct`), mchclas escfurerias `ueima kefelas ejfa ci je cstune, cster `aic`temas e je rcm VgNg mc je lgsle. 

3.  3. 

GI]CXNE_ VCH. 3.5.   3.5.

         

LCIß RXGI@GREJ.

Reitejje prgi`gpej. Jc`ture mc lciseocs. Ci`cimgma / epefema. @aingfure`gði. Pcjc``gði `alhustghjc. Gi`rclcita-mc`rclcita `alhustghjc tclpcre. Rrafrele`gði mc ci`cimgma / epefema.

a

]clpcreture vgvgcime. ]clpcreture gitcrgar elhgcitc prafreleme. _aie karerge, gmgale y lama E@P / @ejcne``gði. Lama E@P / @ejcne``gði (LAMCJAP EFSE). Ngfure 02 

3.5.5.   JC@]SXE MC LCIPEOCP. 3.5.5.

    



@aingfure`gaics. Lama mc nui`gaielgcita (R, L a C)* Jafa C`anarcst. Lciseoc mc scfurgmem. (I a Exx)** Exx )** Nc`ke e`tuej.



 

R

I

05/26/825=

 

 Kare e`tuej. * Ruita 3.3. Ratci`ge, tclpcreture a clcrfci`ge. ** Ruita > Ejerles (E[[[).

57?28 Ngfure 05 

55

 

3.8.  3.8. 

@AINGFSXE@GÐI MC GMGALE, _AIE KAXEXGE W PCJC@@GÐI LAMA E@P / @EJCNE@@GÐI (PÐJA LAMCJAP EFSE).

]ames jes cstunes quc sejci mcsmc nåhrg`e jjcvei `aingfureme je zaie karerge mc Cspeõe (Curape/Lemrgm), esì `ala cj gmgale cspeõaj.

    

G`aia mc e``csa e scjc``gði mc gmgale. _aie karerge*. Gmgale. Pcjc``gði mc lama E@P / @ejcne``gði (LAMCJAP EFSE)**. Xcfrcsa e peitejje prgi`gpej.

*Je zaie karerge mchc scr sgclprc je lgsle quc je mc je cstune. ** Pðja equcjjes `ejmcres `uye cjc`trðig`e fcstgaic E@P + @ejcne``gði lcmgeitc våjvuje 0 vìes.  Ngfure 08 

3.0.  PCJC@@GÐI MC @ALHSP]GHJC. 3.0.  Rere e``cmcr e cstc lciÿ, je cstune mchc cster epefeme y sgi ejerles (cstema 2).  @aisujter epertema 0 mcj ‚Leiuej ‚Leiuej mc gisteje`gði y leitciglgcita“ leitciglgcita “ jes `ere`tcrìstg`es mcj `alhustghjc e utgjgzer, esì `ala je ic`csgmem sg je kuhgcsc, mcj laiteoc mc ejfÿi e``csarga lc`åig`a. Cj `alhustghjc scjc``gaiema eperc`crå rcsejtema ci raoa.

    

Pcjc``gði `alhustghjc*. Kucsa mc e`cgtuie. @ås`ere mc ejlcimre. Rcjjct. Xcfrcsa e peitejje prgi`gpej.

*@ueima scjc``gaielas ui `alhustghjc mgstgita ej  pcjjct eperc`crå ui lciseoc mc emvcrtci`ge. emvcrtci`ge. Ngfure 00

3.=.  3.=. 

        

LCIß ^GPSEJG_E@GÐI MC ME]AP.

G`aia mc e``csa e vgsuejgze`gði mc metas. Reitejje mc vgsuejgze`gði mc metas. Xcfrcsa e peitejje prgi`gpej. @ain. Lama nui`gaielgcita y csqucles kgmråujg`as (lamcjas efue). (PE]). E``csa e csqucle kgmråujg`a `aingfurema. Lciÿ annsct. Lciÿ PE]. @aicxgði e gitcrict. CEPWIC]. Ginarle`gði santwerc.



]clpcreture @RS

05.8¿@

]clpcreture mc fescs

86.7¿@

]clp. saime I]@

80.7¿@

]clpcreture elhgcitc

05.8¿@

2.2% 2.2Re

^cja`gmem mc `aivc`tar Rrglcr igvcj egrc mcp.

2.2% 522.2Re

^cja`gmem Cxtre`tar Mcp. Citreme Egrc Cstema

2

Ci`cimgmas ] pcjjcts AI @aisula latarcs

]clpcreture mc rctaria





KI5;Q0;dVQv5

Iÿlcra scrgc @RS

R

^crsgði santwerc

I

@ alhus tghjc

85.8¿@



2.2s

Lamcja

2.222lE

Lciseoc Ejerle

222222222 k

] pcjjcts ANN

2

Lama @aitraj

2

Nui`gaielgcita tatej

2.2s

Xcsgstci`ge ci`cimgma



Igvcj patci`ge

222222

222222222 EFSEQ57scptv2 Rcjjcts

Rrcsgði mc efue



-2.6 her

 



Ngfure 0=

Lciseoc ci peitejje ]clpcreture @RS

Mcs`rgp`gði ]clpcreture gitcrie mc je @RS

]clpcreture mc fescs

]clpcreture ci je sejgme mc fescs. 58

Xeifa. -52 e >3²@ -52 e 832²@, lamcjas.

scfÿi

 

]clp. saime I]@ ]clpcreture elhgcitc ^cja`gmem mc cxtre`tar ^cja`gmem mc `aivc`tar Mcp. citreme egrc

]clpcreture quc mctc`te cj nui`gaielgcita mcj `aivc`tar (lamcjas mc egrc) a mcj `gr`ugta mc efue (lamcjas efue). ]clpcreture elhgcitc, sðja sg tciclas `aic`teme je saime mc elhgcitc. Rar`citeoc mc vajteoc (ci hesc e je rcm cjç`trg`e) quc rc`ghc cj cxtre`tar mc sejgme mc fescs. Rar`citeoc mc vajteoc (ci hesc e je rcm cjç`trg`e) quc rc`ghc cj vcitgjemar mc `aivc``gði. Cs je mcprcsgði mctc`teme ci cj tuha mc citreme mc egrc.

Rrglcr igvcj mc egrc mcp.

^ejar lclargzema ci nåhrg`e.

Cstema Igvcj patci`ge

Cstema mc nui`gaielgcita* Igvcj mc `eìme mc `alhustghjc

Ci`cimgmas

Nui`gaielgcita tatej ]. pcjjct AI ]. pcjjct ANN Xcsgstci`ge ci`cimgma Lamcja Iÿlcra scrgc @RS Lama `aitraj ^crsgði Pantwerc Lciseoc ejerle. @alhustghjc ]clpcreture mc rctaria. Rrcsgði efue 3.3.   3.3.

Iÿlcra mc ci`cimgmas mc je cstune. @ala su ialhrc gimg`e, kares mc nui`gaielgcita mc je cstune. Pcfuimas quc nui`gaie cj latar mcj sgi ngi.

-52 e 62²@ lamcjas egrc. -52 e ;0²@ ci efue -52 e =2²@ 2 e 522% 2 e 522% 2

e

532Re

(scfÿi

lamcja). 62 e 532Re (scfÿi lamcja).   lamcja). Mc -= e 82 (Ssa PE]). Mcj 5 ej 7 Ci`cimgmas `aitehgjgzemas mcsmc cstema 2. Kares mcsmc `aitehgjgzemes mcsmc cstema 2. ^erìe ci nui`gði mcj igvcj mc patci`ge. ^erìe ci nui`gði mc je

]gclpa quc cstå epefema cj latar mcj sgi ngi. Ci`cimgma (5) a epefema mc je rcsgstci`ge (2).

`ejgmem mcj `alhustghjc. ^erìe mc 2 e 5 ^erìe ci nui`gði mcj Lamcja mc cstune quc tciclas. lamcja. Iÿlcra mc scrgc mc je @RS, eiatema telhgçi ci je ^erìe ci nui`gði mc je ctgqucte mc je lgsle. @RS. Lama mc nui`gaielgcita par patci`ge (R), tclpcreture ^cr puitas 8.3 ci (]) a clcrfci`ge (C). emcjeitc ^erìe ci nui`gði mc je ^crsgði mc santwerc mc je @RS @RS. Lciseoc mc ejerle (E[[[). ^cr tehje mc ejerles. Rcjjct, kucsa, `. ejlcimre. Rcjjct ]clpcreture quc mctc`te cj nui`gaielgcita mcj efue -52 e 62²@ lamcjas egrc. ci cj rctaria mc je `ejcne``gði (lamcjas efue). -52 e ;0²@ ci efue Rrcsgði mc efue ci cj `gr`ugta kgmråujg`a (sðja lamcjas Rrcsgði mc efue ci mc efue). hercs

LAMAP MC NSI@GAIELGCI]A.

Rere e``cmcr e cstc lciÿ, je cstune mchc cster epefeme y sgi ejerles (cstema 2).  Je cjc`trðig`e mgspaic mc trcs lamas mc nui`gaielgcita? patci`ge, tclpcreture y clcrfci`ge. Rere ja`ejgzer je uhg`e`gði mc mg`ka g`aia pamclas vcr je ngfure 03. E `aitgiue`gði sc cxpjg`ei mc narle frång`e `ala scjc``gaier `uejqugcre mc jas lamas gimg`emas?

   

G`aia mc e``csa e `aingfure`gði. Pcjc``gði mc lama mc nui`gaielgcita.  Mgstgitas lamas mc nui`gaielgcita. Xcfrcsa e lciÿ eitcrgar.

 

@aingfure`gði mcj lama mc nui`gaielgcita. (PE]). Xcfrcsa e peitejje prgi`gpej. Ngfure 03

50

 

3.3.5.   LAMA RA]CI@GE. 3.3.5. Lama R? Ratci`ge.

Cs cj lama mc `aingfure`gði quc ve par mcnc`ta mc nåhrg`e. Ci cstc igvcj pamrclas scjc``gaier `ai jas g`aias mc + y ‐ lås a lcias `eìme mc `alhustghjc.

Lama R? Ratci`ge.

Cj reifa mc rcfuje`gði ve mcj igvcj 5 ej 7, sgcima 7 cj igvcj mc `eìme låxgle mc `alhustghjc.

3.3.8.  LAMA ]CLRCXE]SXE. Lama ]? ]clpcreture. (Lamcjas egrc)

Cs cj gimg`ema pere treheoer par tclpcreture elhgcitc. Ej scjc``gaier cstc lama, cj vejar mc `eìme mc `alhustghjc scrå sustgtugma par uie tclpcreture mc elhgcitc mc treheoa. Cs glparteitc gimg`er quc mchclas mgspaicr mc uie saime mc elhgcitc pere pamcr treheoer ci cstc lama.

Lama ]? ]clpcreture. (Lamcjas efue)

Mcpcimgcima mcj csqucle kgmråujg`a ej scjc``gaier cstc lama, cj vejar mc `eìme mc `alhustghjc scrå sustgtugma par uie tclpcreture mc elhgcitc mc treheoa a par estcrgs`as.

Lama ]? ]clpcreture.

Cj reifa mc rcfuje`gði cs citrc 58²@ y =2²@, sgcima cste ÿjtgle tclpcreture låxgle rcfujehjc.

Rere rcejgzer je e`tgve`gði mcj lama tclpcreture mchclas pujser cj g`aia mc `aingfure`gði mc je peitejje prgi`gpej, tej y `ala sc gimg`e ci je ngfure 0>.

  

Pcjc``gði mc lama tclpcreture. G`aia mc e``csa e `aingfure`gði.  @aitrescõe (PE]).

Ngfure 0>

LAMCJAP EGXC. Sie vcz gitramu`glas cj usuerga y `aitrescõe e``cmcrclas e je peitejje mc scjc``gði mcj tgpa y nui`gði mcj scisar, mc nåhrg`e jjcve scjc``gaieme je ap`gði ‗Igifuia‗, e`tgverclas je nui`gði tclpcreture escfuråimaias sgclprc quc tciclas `aic`teme je saime mc tclpcreture ci cj pucrta mc `aluig`e`gaics (MH7). Je ap`gði mc mgncrci`gej mc tclpcreture je utgjgzerclas sajelcitc sg sehclas quc iucstre vgvgcime tgcic ui egsjelgcita `arrc`ta. Cj nui`gaielgcita cs rcejlcitc sci`gjja, `aingfureima je tclpcreture mc treheoa ci jes pjeitgjjes mc prafrele`gði, gi`jusa scjc``gaieima mgncrcitcs tclpcretures par `eme kare mc treheoa, sgclprc mc narle `akcrcitc, je cjc`trðig`e hus`erå je tclpcreture scõejeme.

  

E`tgve`gði mc tgpa mc scisar. @aingfure`gði @aingfure`g ði mcj mgncrci`gej mc tclpcreture. @elhger mc lama lìigla e ci`cimgma/epefema.

Ngfure 06

5=

 

@ueima e`tgvelas cj ci`cimgma y epefema par tclpcreture mchclas `aingfurer jas mgncrci`gejcs pere erreiquc y pereme mc je j e cstune. Cstc lama mc nui`gaielgcita sðja cs e`aiscoehjc ci vgvgcimes hgci egsjemes.

 

E`tgve`gði mc je nui`gði ci`cimgma/epefema. @aingfure`gði mcj mgncrci`gej mc tclpcreture pere cj ci`cimgma/epefema.

Ngfure 0;

LAMCJAP EFSE. Sie vcz gitramu`glas cj usuerga y `aitrescõe e``cmcrclas e je peitejje mc scjc``gði mc tgpa mc csqucle kgmråujg`a sgcima cj laiazaie cj quc sejc par mcnc`ta mc nåhrg`e. Ci cj  puita 3.;   sc cxpjg`ei jes mgncrcitcs vergcmemcs mc csqucles.

Ratci`ge

   

Csqucle kgmråujg`a. Pcjc``gði mc saime a tcrlasteta mc elhgcitc. Pcjc``gði mc ui scisar a mas. E``csa e je `aingfure`gði mcj csqucle (P.E.]).

]crlgiej mc `aitraj mc zaie Paime

]clpcreture Clcrfci`ge

]crlasteta Laiazaie

Pcisarcs ci mcpðsgta mc E@P

Laiazaie + E@P E@P + Gicr`ge E@P

Mas scisarcs





Si scisar 

 

Ngfure 07

Cj nui`gaielgcita cs rcejlcitc sci`gjja, `aingfureima je tclpcreture mc treheoa ci jes pjeitgjjes mc jas csqucles kgmråujg`as, gi`jusa scjc``gaieima mgncrcitcs tclpcretures par `eme kare mc treheoa, sgclprc mc narle `akcrcitc, je cjc`trðig`e hus`erå je tclpcreture scõejeme.

  

Rertc mc csqucle kgmråujg`a. @aingfure`gði @aingfure`g ði mcj mgncrci`gej mc tclpcreture. @elhger mc lama lìigla e ci`cimgma/epefema.

Ngfure =2

@ueima e`tgvelas cj ci`cimgma y epefema par tclpcreture mchclas `aingfurer jas mgncrci`gejcs pere erreiquc y pereme mc je j e cstune. Cstc lama mc nui`gaielgcita sðja cs e`aiscoehjc ci vgvgcimes hgci egsjemes.

   

Rertc mc csqucle kgmråujg`a. @aingfure`gði @aingfure`g ði mcj mgncrci`gej mc tclpcreture.  E`tgve`gði mc je nui`gði ci`cimgma/epefema. @aingfure`gði mcj mgncrci`gej mc tclpcreture pere cj ci`cimgma/epefema.

Ngfure =5

53

 

NSI@GAIELGCI]A W @ALRAX]ELGCI]A MC JEP @AINGFSXE@GAICP MC PAIME MC ELHGCI]C. Frång`e coclpja mc `aitraj par saime mc elhgcitc `ai ap`gði ‚Epefer/Ci`cimcr“ mcse`tgveme?

     

Ssuerga ci`gcimc cstune leiuejlcitc. ]clpcreture ahoctgva scjc``gaieme ci lciÿ prgi`gpej. 

Ν]@5 par mcnc`ta 5²@ (vcr ngfures 06 a =2). 

@elhge e igvcj 5 (lìigla). @elhge e igvcj 7 mc nui`gaielgcita. Ssuerga epefe cstune leiuejlcitc. l eiuejlcitc. Ngfure =8 

Frång`e coclpja mc `aitraj par saime mc elhgcitc `ai ap`gði ‚Epefer/Ci`cimcr“ e`tgveme?

        

Ssuerga ci`gcimc cstune leiuejlcitc. ]clpcreture ahoctgva scjc``gaieme ci lciÿ prgi`gpej. 

Ν]@5 par mcnc`ta 5²@ (vcr ngfures 0; a =5). 

@elhge e igvcj 5 (lìigla). @elhge e igvcj 7 mc nui`gaielgcita. Ν]@ANN Mgncrci`ge mc tclpcreture pere epefema. 

Epefema mc cstune par tclpcreture elhgcitc. Ν]@AI Mgncrci`ge mc tclpcreture pere ci`cimgma.

Ci`cimgma par mcleime mc tclpcreture. 

Ngfure =0

@ueima je cstune cstå epefeme ci `uejqugcr lama mc tclpcreture y jgste pere rcgig`gersc par je lgsle vcrclas rcnjcoema ci je peitejje prgi`gpej? Ezuj lergia

Cj g`aia qucmerå ngoema ci ezuj lergia pere gimg`erias quc je cstune cstå pereme e je cspcre mc ci`cimcrsc, hgci sce par uie prafrele`gði a par tclpcreture.

3.3.0. LAMA MC CLCXFCI@GE. Cstc lama sajelcitc mchc utgjgzersc ci `esa mc clcrfci`ge, ye quc ia lamuje je mcprcsgði mc citreme mc egrc, igMCcjCLCXFCI@GE epartc mc `alhustghjc y cj `aivc`tar e låxgle patci`ge mcsmc cj gig`ga. S]GJG_EX gig`ga. S]GJG_EX PÐJA CI @EPA C GIMG@EMA RAX CJ P.E.].  P.E.].nui`gaierå  

  

G`aia mc e``csa e `aingfure`gði. G`aia mc scjc``gði mc lama mc nui`gaielgcita.

Lama mc clcrfci`ge.

Ngfure ==

Lama C? Clcrfci`ge.

S]GJG_EX PÐJA CI @EPA MC CLCXFCI@GE C GIMG@EMA RAX CJ P.E.].

5>

 

3.>.  3.>. 

   

LCIß ANNPC].

G`aia mc e``csa e lciÿ annsct. Igvcj patci`ge erreiquc. Lamgng`er annsct. (P.E.]). Lciÿ jglpgcze (lamcjas efue). (P.E.]). 

Ngfure =3

3.6.   3.6.

RXAFXELE@GÐI @EJCIMEXGA VCH.

Cj tc`jema ia mgspaic mc `elhga mc zaie karerge eutalåtg`e. Rar teita, cj `ejcimerga mchc `aingfurersc sgclprc par cj lgsla lcmga (vìe tc`jema a vìe VCH), pumgcima eperc`cr prahjcles mc mcsnesc karerga citrc tc`jema y VCH sg cj `ejcimerga sc `aingfure sglujtåicelcitc par mgstgitas lcmgas (vìe tc`jema y vìe VCH). Je narle mc prafreler je cstune sc pucmc rcejgzer mc narle scleiej rciavehjc par pjeitgjjes, prafrele`gaics frehemes mc nåhrg`e tatejlcitc `aingfurehjcs par pertc mcj usuerga, a mc narle tatejlcitc pcrsaiejgzeme scjc``gaieima cj reifa mc kares, tclpcreture y igvcj mc `eìme mc `alhustghjc. Ramrclas prafreler keste 72 mìes `aiteima mcsmc je nc`ke e`tuej. Mg`ke prafrele`gði je kerclas sgclprc mc narle frång`e, `aingfureima jas trcs perålctras mc narle råpgme y sci`gjje. Rere cjja pujserclas sahrc cj g`aia quc tgcic narle mc `ejcimerga. Sie vcz rcejgzeme je prafrele`gði mcsceme, hgci `ai uie pjeitgjje a uie cspc`ìng`e kc`ke e lcmgme e`tgverclas mg`ke prafrele`gði pujseima cj puita . Je mcse`tgve`gði mc jes prafrele`gaics sc rcejgzerå mcsler`eima mg`ka puita.

   

E``csa e prafrele`gaics. Eõa e`tuej. Rrafrele`gði mcse`tgveme. Rrafrele`gði e`tgveme. Ngfure =>

Rujseima sahrc cj g`aia eitcs gimg`ema e``cmcrclas e je peitejje mc jes pjeitgjjes mc prafrele`gði.

   

@ejcimerga e`tuej. Pcjc``gði y `aingfure`gði mc pjeitgjjes. Rrafrele`gði scleiej. Xcfrcsa e peitejje prgi`gpej.

Ngfure =6

Rere scjc``gaier je prafrele`gði mgerge heste `ai pujser sahrc cj mìe quc qucrclas prafreler, par coclpja cj 5> mc Ouiga mc 825> y sc ehrgrå uie peitejje `ala je mcs`rgte e `aitgiue`gði?

56

 

 

     

@ejcimerga e`tuej, `ai mìes prafrelehjcs. prafrel ehjcs. Rjeitgjje prcmcngigme ej mìe scjc``gaiema. Lamgng`er je prafrele`gði prcesgfieme ej mìe. @aingfure`gði mc pjeitgjjes. Rrafrele`gði scleiej par pjeitgjjes. Xcfrcsa e peitejje prgi`gpej.

Ngfure =;

Jes mgncrci`ges prgi`gpejcs citrc cj puita   y cj puita , cs quc je prglcre sai prafrele`gaics prccstehjc`gmes mc nåhrg`e quc eÿi sgcima lamgng`ehjcs ye vei lclargzemes pere ne`gjgter ej usuerga su epjg`e`gði. Je ‛prafrele`gði mìe‗ ias pcrlgtgrå lamgng`er je pjeitgjje ye prcesgfieme ej mìe scjc``gaiema. Pg sðja mcscelas prafreler ui mìe ci `ucstgði pujserclas sahrc cj g`aia quc gimg`e ‛Rrafrele`gði Mìe‗ ( ) e``cmcrclas e je pjeitgjje mc prafrele`gði prcesgfieme ej mìe scjc``gaiema?

 Mìe e prafreler.  Nreioes karerges (mc jes 22 e jes 80k). @ajulie tclpcreture. Xcspcte cj vejar `aingfurema ci je Gfuej nreioe karerge eitcrgar 





 

]clpcreture `aisgfie (gitcrveja 2,3 58-=2 ²@). Ci cstunes mc egrc sðja `alpctc ci lama ]clpcreture.  @ajulie Ratci`ge. Gfuej Xcspcte nreioe eitcrgar.  Xcspcte armcics sthy (LAMCJAP P]-HW EFSE). ANN Låqugie epefeme. Ia rcspcte sthy. Igvcj patci`ge. Armci mc ci`cimgma 5-7 cx`cpta sg cxgstc atre armci mc sthy `aitrerge.  Fuermer prafrele`gði (GLRAX]EI]C) (GLRAX]EI]C)   Xcfrcsa e peitejje eitcrgar.

Ngfure =7

 Xcfrcsa e lciÿ prgi`gpej. 3.6.5. RJEI]GJJEP MC RXAFXELE@GÐI. Rere `aingfurer `uejqugcre mc jes pjeitgjjes sc mchc scjc``gaier je pjeitgjje mcsceme y verger a `aingfurer jas perålctras mcscemas mcj lgsla lama quc sc epjg`ð ci je prafrele`gði mgerge cxpjg`ema ci cj puita eitcrgar. Cs glparteitc vejgmer mg`ke prafrele`gði pujseima ci fuermer (puita ,  ngfure =7) tres rcejgzer je prafrele`gði.

5;

 

 

   

Rjeitgjjes 5 - 6. Xcfrcsa e peitejje eitcrgar. Epjg`er `elhga sahrc prafrele`gaics prcvges. Xcfrcsa e peitejje prgi`gpej.

Ngfure 32

3.6.8. RXAFXELE@GÐI PCLEIEJ RAX RJEI]GJJEP. Rere e``cmcr e je prafrele`gði scleiej mchclas pujser su g`aia y e``cmcrclas e je peitejje mc prafrele`gði. Ci cjje mchclas gimg`er ci `eme mìe mc je scleie quc pjeitgjje qucrclas utgjgzer, fuermer   je prafrele`gði y pastcrgarlcitc kehgjgter je prafrele`gði tej y `ala gimg`e cj puita  mc je ngfure 35. Cste iucve pjeitgjje scleiej sc epjg`erå e tamas jas mìes e pertgr mcj mìe e`tuej.

     

E``csa e prafrele`gði scleiej. Pcjc``gði mc pjeitgjje. Mìes mc je scleie e prafreler. G`aia mc fuermer prafrele`gði. Xcfrcsa e peitejje eitcrgar. Xcfrcsa e peitejje prgi`gpej.

Ngfure 35

3.;.   3.;.

^GPSEJG_E@GÐI VCH CPUSCLE KGMXÅSJG@A (PÐJA LAMCJAP EFSE).

Je `aingfure`gði mc mg`ka lciÿ mchc scr rcejgzeme par pertc mc ui gistejemar a `ejcne`tar ye quc sc mchci eouster jas mgncrcitcs puitas mc erreiquc y pereme mc je `ejmcre.  Je scjc``gði mc `eme csqucle ja kerclas sgclprc mc je lgsle narle par ja quc ahvgerclas jas pesas pere 07.  tamas jas csqucles, vçesc 3.3.8,, ngfure 3.3.8 Mcitra mc tamas jaspuita csqucles tciclas cjclcitas `aluics, jas `uejcs sc cxpjg`eråi ci prglcre gistei`ge pere ia scr rcpctgtgvas ci tamas jas puitas.

57

 

 

               

Iÿlcra mc csqucle kgmråujg`a ci R, ] a C (Rta >.3) @ejmcre C`anarcst. Xcfrcsa e peitejje eitcrgar. @aingfure`gði mc csqucle (PE]). Rar`citeoc y tclpcreture mc halhe. _aie 5, `ejcne`` `ejcne``gði gði ke`ge remgemarcs. Ginarle`gði sahrc scjc``gði mc saime a tcrlasteta. Xcfrcsa e peitejje prgi`gpej. Ginarle`gði sahrc scjc``gði mc nui`gaielgcita. Xc`uemras vcrmcs sai vgsuejgze`gaics vgsuejgze`gaics ginarletgves. Xc`uemras hjei`as sai `aingfurehjcs par cj usuerga. Halhe e`cjcremare. ^åjvuje mc 0 vìes. Xc`uemras raoas gimg`ei jas jìlgtcs. Mcpðsgta y metas `aingfuremas ci E@P. Mcpðsgta y metas mc gicr`ge.

Ngfure 38

CPUSCLE LAIA_AIE (uie zaie mc remgemarcs `aitrajeme par saime mc elhgcitc). CPUSCLE 25.  25.  Cs cj csqucle lås sci`gjja, sgcima je pasghjc par pertc mcj usuerga je scjc``gði mc je tclpcreture mc glpujsgði, cj reifa mc mg`ke tclpcreture scrå citrc 32² y 63²@. W jas mc Pteim hy citrc 32² y 63²@. Mg`kas reifas mchci scr prcngoemas parpar cj gistejemar cj mc steim scr gincrgar ej mc glpujsgði mc `ejcne``gði. Cj vejar vergehjc pertc mcjy`jgcitc cs cj hy mcia je pucmc tclpcreture elhgcitc, je `aingfure`gði mc nåhrg`e cs quc `ueima sc ej`ei`c je tclpcreture elhgcitc ngoeme par cj usuerga je `ejmcre sc pesc ej igvcj lìigla, mg`ka nui`gaielgcita cs cj rc`alcimema, euiquc cj gistejemar pucmc e`tgver je nui`gði mc epefema/ci`cimgma ( ) `ai ui mgncrci`gej mc tclpcreture, mg`kas mgncrci`gejcs sc vcråi rcnjcoemas ci peitejje ( ).

    

]clpcreture mc glpujsgði (ngoe cj gistejemar). ]clpcreture mc steim hy (ngoe cj gistejemar). Nui`gði mc epefer/ci`cimcr a lìigla. ]clpcreture elhgcitc mcsceme (ngoe usuerga). Mgncrci`gejcs mc tclpcreture (ngoe cj gistejemar).

Ngfure 30

CPUSCLE LAIA_AIE (uie zaie ke`ge remgemarcs `aitrajeme par tcrlasteta mc elhgcitc). CPUSCLE 20. Cj csqucle y nui`gaielgcita par tcrlasteta mc elhgcitc cs cj lgsla quc cj eitcrgar `ai je ÿig`e cx`cp`gði mc quc ci cstc sgstcle ia pamclas eouster igifÿi mgncrci`gej mc tclpcreture ye quc jes ðrmcics mcj sgstcle sai memes par ui `aite`ta ehgcrta a `crrema (tcrlasteta mc kgjas, giejålhrg`a, ct`). Je ÿig`e nui`gði `aingfurehjc par pertc mcj gistejemar scrìe je mcj nui`gaielgcita `ueima rc`ghe je armci. Je `aingfure`gði par mcnc`ta cs je mc lìigla, euiquc sc pucmc `aingfurer je mc epefema/ci`cimgma.

 

]clpcreture mc glpujsgði (ngoe cj gistejemar). ]clpcreture mc steim hy (ngoe cj gistejemar).



Nui`gði mc epefer/ci`cimcr a lìigla.

Ngfure 3=

82

 

CPUSCLE LAIA_AIE + [email protected] (ui scisar), `aitrajeme par saime mc elhgcitc. CPUSCLE 50. Cj nui`gaielgcita sc leitgcic gfuej quc jes eitcrgarcs `aingfure`gaics `ai je cx`cp`gði mcj eoustc mc je tclpcreture mc treheoa mcj efue `ejgcitc seigterge ([email protected].) ci je quc cj gistejemar mchc `aingfurer jes tclpcretures mc treheoa mcj sgstcle () y jas mgncrci`gejcs mc tclpcreture mcj E@P ( ). Mcj lgsla lama cj scisar mcj E@P () mchc cster `arrc`telcitc laitema pere ahtcicr uie hucie jc`ture.

    

]clpcretures mc steim-hy, glpujsgði `ejcne``gði y E@P (jes ngoe cj gistejemar). Nui`gði mc epefer/ci`cimcr a lìigla. ]clpcreture elhgcitc mcsceme (ngoe usuerga).  ]clpcreture E@P mcsceme (ngoe usuerga). ]clpcreture rcfgstreme par cj scisar mcj e`ulujemar mc E@P. Ngfure 33

CPUSCLE LAIA_AIE + [email protected] (mas scisarcs), `aitrajeme par saime s aime mc elhgcitc. CPUSCLE 23. Cj sgstcle cs cxe`telcitc gfuej ej eitcrgar `ai je mgncrci`ge mcj sgstcle mc scisarcs mcj E@P quc ci cste `aingfure`gði jjcve 8, jas `uejcs tej y `ala ci cj csqucle eitcrgar mchci scr laitemas y `aingfuremas par cj gistejemar, uia grå ci je pertc ejte (]5) y atra (]8) ci je pertc heoe mcj mcpðsgta mc E@P.

    

]clpcretures mc ngoesteim-hy, glpujsgði `ejcne``gði y E@P (jes cj gistejemar). Nui`gði mc epefer/ci`cimcr a lìigla. ]clpcreture elhgcitc mcsceme (ngoe usuerga).  ]clpcreture E@P mcsceme (ngoe usuerga). ]clpcreture rcfgstreme par jas scisarcs mcj e`ulujemar mc E@P. Ngfure 3>

CPUSCLE LAIA_AIE + [email protected] (ui scisar), `aitrajeme par tcrlasteta mc elhgcitc. CPUSCLE 53. Ci cstc csqucle sajelcitc pamrclas eouster ci je tehjct je tclpcreture mc treheoa mcj E@P, qucmeima je tclpcreture elhgcitc ej tcrlasteta quc tcifelas mgspaighjc. Iucstra gistejemar ngoerå je ap`gði mc epefema/cimcimgma a lìigla quc cs je quc jjcve par mcnc`ta cj sgstcle, esì `ala jes tclpcretures mcj efue y sus rcspc`tgvas mgncrci`gejcs. Cj E@P csterå laigtargzema par ui saja scisar ci cj mcpðsgta.

    

]clpcretures mc steim-hy, glpujsgði `ejcne``gði y E@P (jes ngoe cj gistejemar). Nui`gði mc epefer/ci`cimcr a lìigla. Gimg`emar mc scjc``gði tcrlasteta a saime.   ]clpcreture E@P mcsceme (ngoe usuerga). ]clpcreture rcfgstreme par cj scisar mcj e`ulujemar mc E@P. Ngfure 36

85

 

CPUSCLE LAIA_AIE + [email protected] (mas scisarcs), `aitrajeme par tcrlasteta mc elhgcitc. CPUSCLE 26. Ej gfuej quc cj csqucle eitcrgar sðja pamrclas eouster je tclpcreture mcj E@P pcra ci cste a`esgði cj mcpðsgta grå laigtargzema par mas scisarcs `aja`emas y `aingfuremas par cj gistejemar.

  

]clpcretures mc steim-hy, glpujsgði `ejcne``gði y E@P (jes ngoe cj gistejemar). Nui`gði mc epefer/ci`cimcr a lìigla. Gimg`emar mc scjc``gði tcrlasteta a saime.   ]clpcreture E@P mcsceme (ngoe usuerga).



]clpcreture rcfgstreme par jas scisarcs mcj e`ulujemar mc E@P.



Ngfure 3;

MCRÐPG]A MC GICX@GE @AI 5 W 8 PCIPAXCP W [email protected] @AI 5 W 8 PCIPAXCP. CPUSCLEP >5, 30, 87 W 85. Ci cstc `esa velas e uigng`er = csqucles ye quc ja ÿig`a quc verìe sai cj iÿlcra mc scisarcs mgspaighjcs pere laigtargzer jas mgncrcitcs mcpðsgtas, cj mc gicr`ge y cj mc E@P. Ja ÿig`a `aingfurehjc par cj usuerga ci cstc puita cs je tclpcreture mc treheoa mcj E@P ye quc jes `aingfure`gaics mcj mcpðsgta mc gicr`ge, jìlgtcs mc scfurgmem c glpujsgði mc efue mchci scr ngoemas par ui gistejemar mchgma e je mcjg`emcze mc eoustc mc jas lgslas.

    

]clpcretures mc steim-hy, glpujsgði `ejcne``gði y E@P (jes ngoe cj gistejemar). ]clpcreture rcfgstreme par jas scisarcs mcj e`ulujemar mc E@P.  ]clpcreture rcfgstreme par jas scisarcs mcj mcpðsgta mc gicr`ge.  ]clpcreture E@P mcsceme (ngoe usuerga). ]clpcretures mc treheoa mcj mcpðsgta mc gicr`ge ngoemes par cj gistejemar. Ngfure 37

MCRÐPG]A MC GICX@GE @AI SIA W MAP PCIPAXCP. CPUSCLEP =7 W 56. Ci cj `esa mc cstas mas csqucles cxpjg`erclas e quc `arrcspaimc `eme tclpcreture ye quc jas eoustcs scråi rcejgzemas par cj gistejemar.

  

]clpcretures mc steim-hy, glpujsgði `ejcne``gði y E@P (jes ngoe cj gistejemar). ]clpcreture rcfgstreme par jas scisarcs mcj e`ulujemar mc E@P.  ]clpcreture rcfgstreme par jas scisarcs mcj mcpðsgta mc gicr`ge. 

Ngfure >2

88

 

3.7.  3.7. 

@AIC[GÐI E GI]CXIC] (CEPWIC]).

Pg key mgspaighgjgmem mc gitcrict ci je uhg`e`gði mc je låqugie, cs pasghjc cj e``csa y `aitraj mc je låqugie e trevçs mc gitcrict. @aisujter mgspaighgjgmem. EI]CP MC KE@CX IEME, JCCX EREX]EMA 3.7.5. SIE LEJE @AINGFSXE@GÐI RSCMC HJAUSCEX JE @AIC[GÐI VgNg @AI JE LÅUSGIE. @AIPSJ]C E PS MGP]XGHSGMAX. 3.7.5.   RXC@ES@GAICP W XC@ALCIME@GAICP. 3.7.5.   Xcvgser ialhrc y `aitrescõe mc je rcm VgNg mc je vgvgcime. Cvgter cspe`gas y `ere`tcrcs cxtreõas ($, %, &, ;E) citrc @RS y rautcr.

•

•

•

•

•

∘

∘

3.7.8.  @AINGFSXE@GÐI.

       

Pcjc``gði rcm VgNg. Ialhrc VgNg. @aitrescõe VgNg. Hatði ‛Ctkcrict‗ Hatði ‛Rraher‗. Hatði ‛Fuermer‗. Pejgme ke`ge lciÿ eitcrgar. Pejgme ke`ge påfgie prgi`gpej. G`aia e``csa e lciÿ `aicxgði rclate. Ngfure >5

Pcjc``gði rcm VgNg? Pcjc``gði rcm VgNg? Rcrlgtc scjc``gaier rcm VgNg. C`anarcst Argfgiej? Argfgiej? @aingfure`gði mc nåhrg`e. Je @RS fcicre su prapge rcm VgNg, PPGM. Jas `uemras mc tcxta () y () sc eutarcjjciei `ai je PPGM y RVM mc je @RS. Gitcrict?? Pgi`raigze @RS `ai VgNg cxtcrie. Jas `uemras mc tcxta () y () sc rcjjciei `ai cj ialhrc mc je rcm Gitcrict VgNg mc je gisteje`gði y su `aitrescõe VgNg. Hatði ‛Ctkcrict‗? ‛Ctkcrict‗? Je @RS sc `aluig`erå e trevçs mcj prata`aja Ctkcrict, cxgste a ia mg`ke `aicxgði ctkcrict citrc @RS y rautcr (@RS mcoerå mc clgtgr su rcm VgNg prapge). Pg ia sc ve e rcejgzer je `aicxgði ctkcrict `ai je @RS ia pujser. pujser.  Hatði ‛Rraher‗? ‛Rraher‗? Gitcite cstehjc`cr `aluig`e`gði vìe VgNg citrc @RS y rautcr mc je gisteje`gði (prcvgelcitc scjc``gaiema lama ‛Gitcrict‗ y rcjjciemas `arrc`telcitc `uemras  y ). Hatði ‛Fuermer‗? ‛Fuermer‗? Fuerme je ÿjtgle `aingfure`gði. Pg eperc`c cj lciseoc ‚Cxgtasa“ tres pujser hatði ‛Rraher‗, fuerme je `aingfure`gði. Cstune treheoerå e trevçs mc rcm VgNg mc je gisteje`gði. Pg je cstune treheoe e trevçs mc rcm VgNg cxtcrie y ci cj `uemra `alhgiema scjc``gaielas ‛C`anarcst Argfgiej‗, tres pujser ‛Fuermer‗ je cstune vajvcrå e fcicrer su rcm VgNg argfgiej.

80

 

REPAP @AINGFSXE@GÐI PCFßI ]GRA @AIC[GÐI? VgNg?

Ngfure >8

Ej pujser ‛Rraher‗ mcseperc`crå je rcm VgNg par uias gisteitcs, cj ievcfemar ias pamrå lastrer ‚nejja mc `aluig`e`gði“. ^crgng`er quc ke rcfrcsema je rcm VgNg mc je låqugie y quc cstelas `aic`temas e cjje eitcs mc e`cpter cj lciseoc y cspcrer e quc epercz`e cj lciseoc ‚Cxgtasa“ a ‚Ia Cxgtasa“. C]KCXIC]? 3.7.5). 3.7.5 ).

@alpraher eitcs mc ke`cr ieme quc cxgstc `aicxgði Ctkcrict citrc rautcr y @RS cstune/`ejmcre (puita

Ngfure >0

3.7.0.   E@@CPA MCPMC GI]CXIC]. 3.7.0.



Råfgie wch. Ngfure >= 



PI? I¿ scrgc @RS - Ialhrc - Ssuerga. @aitrescõe påfgie wch (; prglcras mìfgtas).

Ngfure >3 

8=

 

 

  

PI? I¿ scrgc @RS - Ialhrc - Ssuerga. E``csa e je låqugie mcsmc `uejqugcr pertc. E``csa e je låqugie mcitra mc je `ahcrture mcj rautcr mc je gisteje`gði. Xc`alcimehjc `ueima ias ci`aitrelas ci je gisteje`gði

Ngfure >> 

3.7.=.   XC@SRCXEX JE XCM VgNg AXGFGIEJ. 3.7.=. Pc pucmc rc`upcrer je rcm VgNg argfgiej mc je cstune mc mgstgites narles? 3.7.8.), ), scjc``gaieima ‚C`anarcst argfgiej“ y   Mcsmc je wch? Ci cj lciÿ mc `aicxgði rclate (puita 3.7.8. ‛Fuermer‗.   Mcsmc cj tc`jema? Xcgig`ger mcsmc je peitejje mc ginarle`gði mc mgrc``gaics GR. •

•

Ngfure >6  

>.  >. 

EJEXLEP.

Ngfure >; 

 Ejerle E222

Mcs`rgp`gði Eperc`crå sg sc mcsci`kune `ai uie ejerle e`tgve.

Paju`gði •

•

E225

Mcprcsgði mc citreme mc egrc heoe

• •

E228 E220

Mcprcsgði mc citreme mc egrc ejte ]clpcreture mc sejgme mc fescs lìigle.

• • •

E22=

]clpcreture mc sejgme mc fescs låxgle.

• • •

E223

]clpcreture mc I]@ lìigle.

• • •

E22>

•

]clpcreture mc I]@ låxgle a cjcveme.

• •

83

  IA mcsci`kuner, utgjg`c cj tc`jema.                              

Jglpger cstune. Rucrte ehgcrte. ]uha mc sejgme mc fescs su`ga. Cx`csa mc egrc ci je gisteje`gði Je cstune sc qucmð sgi pcjjct. Ke cx`cmgma je tclpcreture låxgle mc treheoa. Cstune su`ge. Ssa mclesgema gitcisgva. Gisteje`gði mc `ejmcre lej mglcisgaieme. @ejmcre treheoeima e igvcjcs heoas mc patci`ge. I]@ mcs`aic`teme. Egrc ci cj `gr`ugta. Ra`e mgsgpe`gði mc cicrfìe fcicreme. Ssa mclesgema gitcisgva. I]@ ci `arta `gr`ugta.

 

•

E226

Rrcsgði mc efue lìigle.

• • •

E22;

Rrcsgði mc efue låxgle.

• • •

E227

]clpcreture elhgcitc lìigle.

• • •

E252

]clpcreture elhgcitc låxgle.

• •

E255

]clpcreture @RS lìigle.

• •

E258

]clpcreture @RS låxgle.

• •

E250 E25=

@arrgcitc mc latarcs par mcheoa mcj lìigla. @arrgcitc mc latarcs par ci`gle mcj låxgla.

• • • •

E253

Mcprcsgði mc citreme mc egrc luy heoe.

• • •

E25>

Ejcrte par tclpcreture mc fescs låxgle.

•

E256

Ejcrte par tclpcreture mc I]@ låxgle.

•

E25;

Cj cxtre`tar sc paic ej 522% y ia ej`eize je mcprcsgði lìigle mc treheoa mc narle `aitgiueme.

E257

Cxtre`tar mc je sejgme mc fescs ej 522%

E282 E285 E288

Crrar ci saimes. ]clpcreture saime cxtcrgar lìigla. ]clpcreture saime cxtcrgar låxgla.

• •

• • • • • •

E280

]clpcreture saime rctaria lìigla.

• • •

E28=

]clpcreture saime rctaria låxgla.

•

•

]clpcreture lìigle ci saime tclpcreture 5 mcj `aitraj mc mcpðsgta mc E@P.

•

•

• •

E28>

]clpcreture lexgle ci saime tclpcreture 5 mcj `aitraj mc mcpðsgta mc E@P.

•

•

• •

E286

]clpcreture lìigle ci saime tclpcreture 8 mcj `aitraj mc mcpðsgta mc E@P.

•

•

• •

E28;

]clpcreture lexgle ci saime tclpcreture 8 mcj `aitraj mc mcpðsgta mc E@P.

•

•

•

8>

                         

Xcjjcic cj `gr`ugta mc `ejcne``gði. Rrcsasteta mcs`aic`tema. Rrcsasteta evcrgema. Heoer je prcsgði mc treheoa citrc 5.8 y 5.3 her. Laiter vesa mc cxpesgði lås freimc. Egrc ci cj `gr`ugta. Key pa`e tclpcreture ci je kehgte`gði. Gikehgjgter je saime mc elhgcitc. Mgslgiugr je tclpcreture mc treheoa.  treheoa.  Key mclesgeme tclpcreture ci je kehgte`gði. Gikehgjgter je saime mc elhgcitc. Eulciter je tclpcreture mc treheoa. ]clpcreture mc je @RS par mcheoa mcj lìigla. Pu`gcmem ci je cstune. @aivc`tar su`ga a evcrgema. Laiteoc mcj tuha mc sejgme mc fescs giemc`uema. Xcvgser jes `aicxgaics mc jas latarcs. Xcvgser `arta`gr`ugta ci jas latarcs. Lìigle mcprcsgði pere cj nui`gaielgcita. Cstune su`ge. ]uha mc sejgme mc fescs su`ga. Rucrte mcj kafer a `cig`cra lej `crremes. Xcfgstra mc jglpgcze ehgcrta. Ke jjcfema e je tclpcreture mc sejgme mc fescs mc scfurgmem y heoerå je `eìme mc pcjjct.

  Ke jjcfema e je tclpcreture mc efue mc scfurgmem y heoerå je `eìme mc pcjjct.   Cstune/`ejmcre su`ge.   Xcejgzer leitciglgcita.                  

Cstune/`ejmcre su`ge. Xcejgzer leitciglgcita. Pcisarcs gitcr`elhgemas. Ia mgspaighjc. Ia mgspaighjc. I]@ mcs`aic`teme. Rcrgncrge meõeme. @ehjc LAMHSP `ai nejsa `aite`ta. I]@ rctaria gitcr`elhgeme `ai glpujsgði

  I]@ ci `arta `gr`ugta.   Rrahjcle `gr`ugta kgmråujg`a gisteje`gði.   @ehjc LAMHSP `ai nejsa `aite`ta.  Gisteje`gði mc `ejmcre lej mglcisgaieme.  @ejmcre treheoeima e igvcjcs heoas mc patci`ge.  I]@ mcs`aic`teme.  I]@ lej `aja`eme ci je vegie.  Egrc ci cj `gr`ugta.  Ra`e mgsgpe`gði mc cicrfìe fcicreme.  Ssa mclesgema gitcisgva.  I]@ ci `arta `gr`ugta.  Gisteje`gði mc `ejmcre lej mglcisgaieme.  @ejmcre treheoeima e igvcjcs heoas mc patci`ge.  I]@ mcs`aic`teme.  I]@ lej `aja`eme ci je vegie.  Egrc ci cj `gr`ugta.  Ra`e mgsgpe`gði mc cicrfìe fcicreme.  Ssa mclesgema gitcisgva.  I]@ ci `arta `gr`ugta.

•

•

E283

                     

 

 Gisteje`gði mc `ejmcre lej mglcisgaieme.  @ejmcre treheoeima e igvcjcs heoas mc patci`ge.  I]@ mcs`aic`teme.  I]@ lej `aja`eme ci je vegie.  Egrc ci cj `gr`ugta.  Ra`e mgsgpe`gði mc cicrfìe fcicreme.  Ssa mclesgema gitcisgva.  I]@ ci `arta `gr`ugta.  Gisteje`gði mc `ejmcre lej mglcisgaieme.  @ejmcre treheoeima e igvcjcs heoas mc patci`ge.  I]@ mcs`aic`teme.  I]@ lej `aja`eme ci je vegie.  Egrc ci cj `gr`ugta.  Ra`e mgsgpe`gði mc cicrfìe fcicreme.  Ssa mclesgema gitcisgva.  I]@ ci `arta `gr`ugta.   Hesc mcj `cstgjja lej `crrema.   Pcisar su`ga a evcrgema.   Latar evcrgema.   @ehjc a `aic`tar mcs`aic`tema.   Hesc mcj `cstgjja ehgcrta a lej `crrema.   Pcisar su`ga a evcrgema.   Latar evcrgema.   @ehjc a `aic`tar mcs`aic`tema.   Hesc mcj `cstgjja ehgcrta a lej `crrema.

•

E287

]clpcreture lìigle ci saime tclpcreture 5 mcj `aitraj mc mcpðsgta mc gicr`ge.

•

•

• •

E202

]clpcreture lexgle ci saime tclpcreture 5 mcj `aitraj mc mcpðsgta mc gicr`ge.

•

•

• •

E205

]clpcreture lìigle ci saime tclpcreture 8 mcj `aitraj mc mcpðsgta mc gicr`ge.

•

•

• •

E208

]clpcreture lexgle ci saime tclpcreture 8 mcj `aitraj mc mcpðsgta mc gicr`ge.

•

•

•

•

E200

•

@cstgjja ehgcrta mureitc nesc mc jglpgcze.

• • •

E20=

•

@cstgjja ehgcrta mureitc tcst kermwerc.

• • •

E203

•

@cstgjja ehgcrta mureitc nui`gaielgcita.

• • •

E20>

@eoði `cig`cra ehgcrta mureitc tcst kermwerc.

• • • •

E206

@eoði `cig`cra ehgcrta mureitc nui`gaielgcita.

• • • •

E20;

@eoði `cig`cra ehgcrta mureitc nui`gaielgcita (epefema låqugie).

• • • •

E207

•

Nejja jglpgcze `cstgjja. Pcisarcs ia mctc`tei epcrture y `gcrrc mcj `cstgjja tres 0 gitcitas mc jglpgcze.

• • • •

E2=2

Nejja mc `aluig`e`gði mc LAMHSP XP=;3 citrc je @RS y je pcrgncrge.

E2=5

Rcrgncrge mc zaigng`e`gði 8

E2=8

Rcrgncrge mc zaigng`e`gði 8

• • • • • • •

E235

Pgja `aitraj iculåtg`a sgi pcjjcts.

•

•

E238 E230

•

Pgja tajve 5 scisar sgi pcjjct.

• •

86

Pcisar evcrgema. su`ga a evcrgema.    Latar   @ehjcema a `aic`tar mcs`aic`tema a sucjta.   @eoði `cig`cra jjcia, rcejgzer leitciglgcita.   Pcisar evcrgema.   Rcrgncrge lej.   @ehjcema a `aic`tar mcs`aic`tema a sucjta.   @eoði `cig`cra jjcia, rcejgzer leitciglgcita.   Pcisar evcrgema.   Rcrgncrge lej.   @ehjcema a `aic`tar mcs`aic`tema a sucjta.   @eoði `cig`cra jjcia, rcejgzer leitciglgcita.   Pcisar evcrgema.   Rcrgncrge lej.   @ehjcema a `aic`tar mcs`aic`tema a sucjta.  Rucrtes a tepe `eoði `cig`cra lej `crremes.  Hesc mcj `cstgjja ehgcrta a lej `crrema.  Pcisar evcrgema.  Rcrgncrge lej.  @ehjcema a `aic`tar mcs`aic`tema a sucjta.  Latar evcrgema.  @ehjc mc `aicxgði mcs`aic`tema.  @ehjc rata, sustgtugr par uia iucva (PE]).   Nejja ci zaigng`e`gði 8.   Nejja `ehjc LAMHSP   Nejja ci zaigng`e`gði 0.   Nejja `ehjc LAMHSP   Pgja cxtcria ia tgcic pcjjcts.   ]uhcrìe        

]epe mcj sgja iculåtg`a ehgcrte. Pcisar evcrgema a lej `ejghrema. Pgi pcjjct. Pginìi mc sgja cxtcria etes`ema.

 

•

E23=

Pgja `aitraj 0 scisarcs

E277

Nejte mc pcjjct. Ia ej`eize je tclpcreture lìigle mc sejgme mc fescs ;2 ²@.

>.5.

• • • •

         

Sia mc jas scisarcs evcrgema. Pgi pcjjct. Xcjjcier je tajve. Latar rcmu`tar perema. Ke sejtema cj tcrlasteta mc scfurgmem.

XCGIG@GA EJEXLE.

Cj pra`csa mc epefema par ejerle cs vergehjc ci nui`gði mcj cstema prcvga mc je låqugie, je `aingfure`gði y mgvcrsas ne`tarcs cxtcrias. Sie vcz ngiejgzema cj pra`csa mc ejerle, pamrå rcgig`gersc tres kehcr rcvgsema je tehje mc ejerles y talema jes lcmgmes apartuies.

Ngfure >7

8;

 

VEXIGIFP 

AHJGFE]GAIP  XCEM ]KC GIP]XS@]GAI LEISEJ 

FCICXEJ MEIFCX 

Xcem `ercnujjy  `ercnujjy  tkc leiuejs pravgmcm wgtk tkc mcvg`c hcnarc gistejjetgai eim usc.  usc.  Aijy tket wey, tkc hcst pcrnarlei`c eim lexglul sencty wgjj hc fat murgif gts usc.  ]kgs eppjgei`c `ei hc uscm hy `kgjmrci efcm nral ; ycers eim ehavc eim pcapjc wgtk rcmu`cm pkysg`ej, scisary ar lcitej `epehgjgtgcs ar je`d an cxpcrgci`c eim diawjcmfc gn tkcy kevc hcci fgvci supcrvgsgai ar gistru`tgai `ai`crigif tkc usc an tkc eppjgei`c gi e senc wey eim gn tkcy uimcrsteim tkc kezerms givajvcm. @kgjmrci skejj iat pjey wgtk tkc eppjgei`c. @jceigif eim uscr legitciei`c skejj legitciei`c skejj iat hc lemc hy `kgjmrci wgtkaut eiy supcrvgsgai.  ]kc fjess maar eim salc atkcr surne`c erces an tkc eppjgei`c ley rce`k kgfk tclpcreturcs.  VEXIGIF? Ma iat apci tkc maar wkgjc tkc eppjgei`c VEXIGIF? Ma gs apcretgif. 

87

 

GIMC[ 5.

GI]XAMS@]GAI. 5.5. MC]EGJP AN ]KC @AI]XAJ REICJ. 5.8. @AIIC@]GIF ]A EIM PWI@KXAIG_GIF VG]K ]KC P]A^C. 5.0. RJCEPC HCVEXC ]KE]… 5.=. LEGI P@XCCI. 5.3. XCEMGIF LCPPEFCP. 5.>. PC]]GIFP LCIS.

Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc

05 05 05 08 08 08 00

8.

MGNNCXCI] P]A^C P]E]SP.

Refc

00

0.

DCWHAEXM ARCXE]GAI. 0.5. PVG]@KGIF AI. 0.8. PVG]@KGIF ANN. 0.0. JA@D AX SIJA@D ]KC DCWHAEXM. 0.=. JEIFSEFC PCJC@]GAI. 0.3. NSCJ @KEIFC. 0.>. ANNPC] EMOSP]LCI]. 0.6. VAXDGIF LAMC. 0.6.5. RAVCX LAMC. 0.6.8 ]CLRCXE]SXC LAMC. 0.6.0 CLCXFCI@W LAMC. 0.; CIEHJC / MGPEHJC ]GLC]EHJC.

Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc

0= 0= 0= 0= 0= 0= 03 03 03 03 03 0>

0.7 DCWHAEXM RXAFXELLGIF ]GLC]EHJC. 0.52.  MGPRJEWGIF XCEJ ]GLC ME]E. 0.52. 0.55.  MGPRJEWGIF KWMXESJG@ P@KCLC. (VE]CX LAMCJP). 0.55. 0.58.  KA] VE]CX / KCE]GIF LAMC PCJC@]GAI. (AIJW VE]CX LAMCJP). 0.58.

Refc Refc Refc Refc

0> 0> 0> 06

=.

E@@CPP WASX P]A^C NXAL EIW MC^G@C ]KE] EJJAVP VgNg @AIIC@]GAIP.

Refc

06

3.

VCH GI]CXNE@C. Refc 3.5. LEGI P@XCCI. Refc 3.5.5. XCEMGIF LCPPEFCP. Refc 3.8. PC]]GIF AN ]GLC _AIC, JEIFSEFC EIM LAMC PCJC@]GAI KA] VE]CX / Refc KCE]GIF. (VE]CX LAMCJP). 3.0. NSCJ PCJC@]GAI. Refc 3.=. ME]E ^GPSEJGPE]GAI LCIS. Refc

0; 0; 07 07

3.3. ARCXE]GIF LAMCP. 3.3.5. RAVCX LAMC. 3.3.8 ]CLRCXE]SXC LAMC. 3.3.0. CLCXFCI@W LAMC. 3.>. ANNPC] LCIS. 3.6. VCH RXAFXELLGIF ]GLC]EHJC. 3.6.5. RXAFXELLGIF P@KCMSJCP. 3.6.8. VCCDJW RXAFXELLGIF SPGIF P@KCMSJCP. 3.; VCH MGPRJEW AN KWMXESJG@ MGEFXEL (AIJW VE]CX LAMCJP). 3.7. GI]CXIC] @AIIC@]GAI (CEPWIC]). 3.7.5 RXC@ES]GAIP EIM XC@ALLCIME]GAIP. 3.7.8 @AINGFSXE]GAI. 3.7.0 E@@CP NXAL GI]CXIC]. 3.7.= XC@A^CX ]KC AXGFGIEJ VgNg IC]VAXD.

Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc

=5 =5 =5 == == == => => => =7 32 32 35 38

EJEXLP.  EJEXLP.  >.5. XCPC] EJEXL.

Refc Refc

38 3=

>

02

07 =2

 

5.  5. 

GI]XAMS@]GAI. 5.5.   5.5.

      

MC]EGJP AN ]KC @AI]XAJ REICJ.

Mgspjey. He`d huttai / jcntwerms Gi`rcesc huttai / upwerms Narwerm huttai / rgfktwerms Mc`rcesc huttai / mawiwerms AI - Ann huttai/ `aingrl Ginrercm rc`cptar.

Mrewgif 5

      

J@M s`rcci. Gt skaws tkc stavc stetus eim rcnjc`ts tkc e`tgais tedci ai tkc `aitraj peicj. ]kc srcci‗s he`djgfkt facs ann entcr 02 sc`aims an gie`tgvgty ai tkc `aitraj peicj. He`d huttai (). Gt ejjaws e``css ta tkc lciu, mete vgcwgif ar jcntwerm lavclcit elaif tkc g`ais ar tkc mgnncrcit lcius. Jawcrs tkc vejucs wgtkgi tkc `ursar. Gi`rcesc huttai / upwerms ( ). Gi`rcescs tkc mcsgrcm pawcr /tclpcreturc vejuc e``armgif e``a rmgif ta tkc apcretgif lamc (R, ] ar C) eim lavcs tkc scjc`tgai upwerms upwerms gi tkc lcius. Narwerm huttai / rgfktwerms ( ). Gt ejjaws e``cs ta tkc emoustlcits lciu eim rcturis ta tkc legi s`rcci nral tkc lcius wgtkaut lamgng`etgais. Gt ejsa e``csscs tkc wardgif lciu wgtkaut ledgif eiy `keifcs eim facs ta tkc ‚wardgif lamc“ lciu nral tkc legi s`rcci. Gi`rcescs tkc vejucs wgtkgi tkc `ursar. Mc`rcesc huttai / mawiwerms (). Mc`rcescs tkc mcsgrcm pawcr /tclpcreturc vejuc e``armgif ta tkc apcretgif lamc (R, ] ar C) eim lavcs tkc scjc`tgai m mawiwerms awiwerms gi tkc lcius. AI - Ann huttai/ `aingrl ( ). ]uris tkc stavc ai eim ann nral tkc legi s`rcci. Gt ejjaws `aingrlgif tkc e`tgais tedci, wgtkgi tkc mgnncrcit lcius. Ginrercm mctc`tar. Xc`cgvcs tkc sgfiej scit hy tkc rclatc `aitraj. Mgsehjcm. Mglcisgais (ll)?

Mrewgif 8 

5.8.

@AIIC@]GIF ]A EIM PWI@KXAIG_GIF VG]K ]KC P]A^C.

Entcr gistejjgif tkc stavc es mcs`rghcm gi tkc "Gistejjetgai eim legitciei`c leiuej" evegjehjc gi aur wchsgtc www.c`anarcst.cs*, tkc cjc`traig` gs apcretgif nar uimcr =2 sc`aims nral tkc `aiic`tgai an tkc stavc ta tkc legis. 05

 

 

 

Ptertup s`rcci. Dcyhaerm vcrsgai.

Mrewgif 0  * Rjcesc iatc tket ejj upmetcm uscr leiuejs erc evegjehjc gi aur wchsgtc. ]kc jest vcrsgai an tkc leiuej wgjj ejweys  prcvegj.

5.0

RJCEPC HCVEXC ]KE]… @keifcs lemc wkgjc usgif ar `aingfurgif tkc stavc `ei hc sglujteicausjy maic usgif tkc dcyhaerm eim eiy VgNg mcvg`c `aiic`tcm ta tkc uigt. Xcfermjcss an tkc lceis uscm, tkc jest `keifc lemc wgjj prcvegj. prcvegj. Palc `aingfuretgais `ei aijy hc `errgcm ` errgcm aut usgif e VgNg `aiic`tgai. ]kcy lust hc pcrnarlcm hy eutkargzcm pcrsaiicj (pesswarm-pratc`tcm) wkgjc tkc mcvg`c gs ann eim ia ejerls kevc hcci prafrellcm (stetus 2). E jgst wgtk tkcsc `aingfuretgais gs gi`jumcm hcjaw?

Egr lamcjs  Pteimhy  Pteimhy  civgrailcit  civgrailcit wgtk scisar. AI/ANN usgif ei cxtcriej tkcrlastet.  AI/ANN

•

•

•

• •

• • • •

5.=.

        

Vetcr lamcjs  @aingfuretgai @aingfuretgai an kymreujg` mgefrels. Pteimhy  civgrailcit  civgrailcit wgtk scisar.  Pteimhy   AI/ANN AI/ANN usgif ei cxtcriej tkcrlastet. Eitg-hja`d systcl.   Eitg-hja`d Eitg-g`gif systcl. Eitg-g`gif  Eitg-jcfgaicjje Eitg-jcfgaicjje systcl. @aitraj an cxtcriej sgjas (mcpcims ai tkc lamcj).  @aitraj

LEGI P@XCCI.

Lcssefc Xcemgif her. R, ] ar C lamcs Ptetus (scc pagit 8). ]erfct pawcr/tclp. jcvcj Dcyhaerm hja`dcm Ciehjc `ejcimer. Kat Vetcr / Kcetgif lamc. (VE]CX LAMCJP). Elhgcit tclpcreturc prahc. Legi s`rcci. Mrewgif = 

5.3.  5.3. 

XCEMGIF LCPPEFCP.

  

Pencty lcssefc. (I ar Exx)*. Apcretgif lamc (R, L a C). ** Vardgif stetus. *** * Ejerls (E[[[) (pagit > ). ** Rawcr, tclpcreturc ar clcrfci`y, 0.6.5 , 0.6.8 eim 0.6.0 pagits e``armgifjy. *** Mgnncrcits stetus gi pagit 8. Mrewgif 3

08

 

5.>.

   

PC]]GIFP LCIS.

G`ai nar `aingfuretgai e``css. Jeifuefc scjc`tgai (speigsk hy mcneujt). Vardgif lamc (R, L ar C). Cifgic tcsts (]c`kig`ej Pcrv.) Mgspjey an kymreujg` mgefrel. (VE]CX LAMCJP). Pcjc`tgai Kat Vetcr / Kcetgif lamc. (VE]CX LAMCJP).

 

Rrafrellgif an `ejcimer dcypem. Nucj scjc`tgai. (pcjjct, ajgvc pgts ar ejlaim skcjjs (pcjjct hy mcneujt). Mgnncrcit ‛annscts‗ emoustlcits. Xcturi ta legi s`rcci.

   

Mrewgif >

8.  8. 

MGNNCXCI] P]A^C P]E]SP.

Nral tkc lalcit gt `aiic`ts ta tkc cjc`trg`gty frgm, tkc stavc wgjj `keifc stetus mcpcimgif ai tkc prafrellgif eim gistru`tgais gt rc`cgvcs nral tkc uscr. Gt wgjj emept gts apcretgai ta tkc wardgif `aimgtgais tket erc larc sugtehjc et tkc tglc. ]kc stetus an tkc stavc `ei hc `kc`dcm usgif tkc dcyhaerm ar tkc wch gitcrne`c an e VgNg mcvg`c hy mgspjeygif tkc `ajar an tkc rcjcveit g`ai ar vcrgnygif tkc stetus iulhcr gi tkc mete mgspjey s`rcci. •

•

  Dcyhaerm? @ajar an g`ai (pagit   gi mrewgifs = eim 3) ar `kc`dgif tkc iulcrg` vejuc (mrewgif 82 gi sc`tgai  0.52 ).   Vch Gitcrne`c? G`ai  (mrewgif 02) gi tkc legi s`rcci ar mete mgspjey ( mrewgif 0=).

G`ai? Dcyhaerm Vch

@ajar stetus

Iulhcr stetus

Rra`css

Xaoa

2

Ngrstjy eim wkci tkc stavc gs ann eim rcemy ta hc turicm ai, su`k g`ai skejj hc gi rcm. Gn wc prcss /, e icw wgimaw wgjj pap aut esdgif us skaujm wc weit ta turi tkc stavc ai, gn tkc uscr e``cpts, tkc cjc`traig`s wgjj skartjy vcrgny tkc cifgics eim egr mcprcssgai eim wgjj stert tkc mcvg`c, turigif tkc g`ai `ajaur nral rcm gita ycjjaw.

Elergjja

5 8 0 = 52

Vkci tkc g`ai gs ycjjaw gt lceis tkc stavc gs hcgif turigif ai wgtk tkc cxtre`tar, nucj mrap eim gfigtgai rcsgstei`c gi armcr ta ahtegi tkc gigtgej `alhustgai.

3 >

Ai`c tkcrc gs e mgnncrci`c an tclpcreturc rcfermgif tkc tclpcreturcs rcfgstcrcm et tkc tglc an turigif ai tkc mcvg`c, tkc g`ai wgjj turi gita sdy hjuc, gimg`etgif tkc kcetgif pra`css kes stertcm, tkc gfigtgai rcsgstei`c wgjj hc turicm ann eim e tatejjy eutaletcm pra`css wgjj stert gi armcr ta ahtegi tkc eppraprgetc `alhustgai nar tkc suhscqucit apcretgai.

Ezuj `cjcstc

Vkci tclpcreturc rce`kcs 522²@ gi tkc fes autput, eim entcr > lgiutcs nral kevgif turicm tkc mcvg`c ai, tkc g`ai wgjj turi gita Frcci, gimg`etgif tkc gfigtgai ^crmc

6

pra`css gs avcr eim wc wgjjtclpcreturc kevc e``css gstaiat tkcrce`kcm nucj mrapwgtkgi scttgif tclpcreturcs emoustlcit. Gi `esc su`k 53arlgiutcs, gt wgjj gimg`etc ejerl 77 (E277). Pcc ejerl tehjc (pagit >). 00

 

Hjei`a

; 55 -0

Vkci turigif tkc stavc ann, tkc ai/ann g`ai wgjj fa wkgtc eim tkci rcm. Ievy hjuc wgjj skaw gn tkc stavc kes faic ann entcr rce`kgif tkc mcsgrcm tclpcreturc eim areifc wgjj skaw gn ei ejerl kes eppcercm.

Ezuj lergia

-82

Gt gimg`etcs gt gs wegtgif ta hc prafrellcm .

Iereioe

-=

Pu`k g`ai `alcs wgtk tkc sencty lcssefc sgfiej. Pcc sc`tgai > ejerls.

 

0.  0. 

DCWHAEXM ARCXE]GAI. 0.5.

PVG]@KGIF AI. Ngrst swgt`kgif ai? Hcnarc swgt`kgif ai tkc le`kgic, nccm tkc eufcr nral tkc P.E.] lciu uitgj tkc nucj mraps gi tkc huri pat.

Mrewgif 6

0.8.

PVG]@KGIF ANN.  ANN. 

Mrewgif ;

0.0.

JA@D AX SIJA@D ]KC DCWHAEXM.

Mrewgif 7

0.=.

JEIFSEFC PCJC@]GAI.

Mrewgif 52

0.3.   0.3.

NSCJ @KEIFC.

]a e``css tkgs lciu tkc stavc lust hc turicm ann eim skawgif ia ejerl (stetus).   Xcncr ta sc`tgai 0 an tkc ‚Gistejjetgai eim Legitciei`c Leiuej “. “. Gt lust hc tedci gita e``auit tkc ne`t tket e icw pert ley hc iccmcm ta usc tkc stavc wgtk atkcr nucjs, mgnncrcit ta pcjjcts. Rjcesc `aite`t yaur mcejcr hcnarc eppjygif eiy `keifcs.

Mrewgif 55 

0=

 

0.>.

ANNPC] EMOSP]LCI]. Pu`k emoustlcits skaujm hc lemc aijy ai`c gi e wkgjc, sgi`c tkc stavc emousts gtscjn eutaletg`ejjy. Gi `esc yau iccm ta `keifc ei annsct, a nnsct, pjcesc `aite`t yaur mcejcr.

Mrewgif 58

0.6.

VAXDGIF LAMC.

]a e``css tkgs lciu tkc stavc lust hc turicm ann eim skawgif ia ejerl (stetus 2).   ]kc cjc`traig`s ward gi tkrcc lamcs? Rawcr, tclpcreturc eim clcrfci`y. ]a scjc`t cgtkcr lamc wc lust fct E``css nral tkc legi s`rcci? 0.6.5. RAVCX LAMC. ]kc rcfujetgai reifc facs nral jcvcj 5 ta jcvcj 7 (lgiglul ta lexglul pcjjct mrap.) ]a gi`rcesc tkc jcvcj wc‗jj usc tkc upwerms erraw () wkgjc tkc mawiwerms erraw wgjj hc uscm ta mc`rcesc ( ). 

Mrewgif 50

0.6.8. ]CLRCXE]SXC LAMC. Vkci `kaasgif tkc tclpcreturc wardgif lamc, tkc R wgjj turi gita e ]. Vc skaujm `kaasc tkgs lamc, aijy gn tkc raal prahc ar e tcisgai nrcc tkcrlastet wgtk gts emeptcr gs `aiic`tcm.  `aiic`tcm.  ]kc rcfujetgai wgtk raal prahc reifcs nral 58²@ ta =2²@, hcgif tkc jettcr tkc kgfkcst rcfujetgif tclpcreturc. ]a gi`rcesc tkc tclpcreturc wc‗jj pusk tkc up erraw ( ) eim tkc mawi erraw wgjj hc uscm ta mc`rcesc ().

Mrewgif 5=

Mrewgif 53

Nar e ngicr emoustlcit an tkgs lamc, pjcesc `kc`d pagit 3.3.8 3.3.8.. 0.6.0. CLCXFCI@W LAMC. ]kgs lamc skejj aijy hc uscm gi `esc an clcrfci`y, sgi`c gt macs iat laigtar tkc egr gitedc mcprcssgai, nucj lamujetgai. ]kc `aivc`tar wgjj apcretc et e lexglul pawcr nral tkc hcfgiigif. ]A hcfgiigif. ]A HC SPCM AIJW GI @EPC AN CLCXFCI@W AX VKCI GIMG@E]CM HW P.E.].

03

 

 

Mrewgif 5>

0.;.

CIEHJC / MGPEHJC ]GLC]EHJC.

Mrewgif 56

0.7.

DCWHAEXM RXAFXELLGIF ]GLC]EHJC. Hcnarc prafrellgif tkc tglctehjc, vcrgny tkc `urrcit tglc eim metc eim lamgny tkcl gn ic`cssery. ]kc dcyhaerm ejjaws nar tkc mey an tkc wccd, tkc metc (MM/LL/WW) eim tkc kaur (KK?LL, gi e 8=k narlet) an tkc @RS ta hc lamgngcm. ]kc dcyhaerm macs iat `keifc tglc zaics eutaletg`ejjy. ]kcrcnarc, tkc tglctehjc lust ejweys hc `aingfurcm usgif tkc selc lctkam (vge dcyhaerm ar VCH). ]glc annsct prahjcls hctwcci tkc dcyhaerm eim tkc Vch ley ergsc gn tkc tglctehjc gs `aingfurcm sglujteicausjy usgif mgnncrcit lceis (vge dcyhaerm eim vge VCH).

Mrewgif 5; 

Gt ejsa ciehjcs tkc uscr ta prafrel up an = tglc sjats pcr mey an tkc wccd. ]kc sjats kevc 0 `aingfurehjc `ajulis? Ptert tglc, lamc (pawcr jcvcj, ann, sthy) eim raal tclpcreturc (mcpcims ai tkc le`kgic le` kgic `aingfuretgai). Pcjc`t tkc mey yau wgsk ta prafrel. Ce`k mey  kes gts awi tclpjetc. Nral Puimey ta Peturmey (]clpjetcs 2 ta 6, rcspc`tgvcjy).  Ciehjc ar mgsehjc tglctehjc. @apy tkc tclpjetc an tkc scjc`tcm mey ta? t a? JSI-MAL E fgvci mey.   EJJ Cvcrymey  VDM Vccdmeys(Laimey ta Nrgmey) 

    

Vccdcim (Peturmey eim Puimey)  Ciehjcs/mgsehjcs `apygif an tclpjetc. ]clpcreturc sct pagit nar cvcry tglc sjat. ]uri ann.  IA  Pelc es tkc prcvgaus sjat.

 

0.55.

MGPRJEWGIF KWMXESJG@ P@KCLC. (VE]CX LAMCJP).

Mrewgif 85 

Kcetgif

KPV + Kcetgif

KPV + Hunncr teid

Hunncr teid

Mrewgif 88 

Mrewgif 80 

Mrewgif 8= 

Mrewgif 83 

      0.58.

Xcej-tglc vejuc. Lamgngcm hy uscr. Lamgngcm hy P.E.]. Nccm wetcr tclpcreture. Xcturi wetcr tclpcreturc. Elhgcit tclpcreturc / hunncr teid. Gistru`tgai elhgcit tclpcreturc / hunncr teid. Gistru`tgai MKV tclpcreturc. MKV teid tclpcreturc.

KA] VE]CX / KCE]GIF KCE]GIF LAMC PCJC@]GAI. (AIJW VE]CX LAMCJP).

]a e``css tkgs lciu tkc stavc lust hc turicm ann eim skawgif ia ejerl (stetus 2).   Aijy nar stavcs wkasc Kat Vetcr+ Kcetgif gs cjc`traig`ejjy apcretcm hy 0-wey vejvcs.

Mrewgif 8> 

Nccms kat wetcr eim kcetgif. Rrgargty fgvci ta kat wetcr. Aijy nccms kcetgif. Aijy nccms kat wetcr.

=.  =. 

E@@CPP WASX P]A^C NXAL EIW MC^G@C ]KE] EJJAVP VgNg @AIIC@]GAIP.

Ngrst an ejj wc iccm ta diaw tkc GM an tkc stavc‗s VgNg ict (PPGM) eim tkc ict‗s pesswarm. ]kcsc mete `ei hc nauim ai e jehcj, sglgjer ta tkc aic gi ngfurc 3 kcrc hcjaw gi 0 pje`cs  

• • •

  Refc 5 an tkgs leiuej.   Gi tkc stavc‗s @RS.   Icxt ta tkc jehcj wgtk tkc stavc‗s scrgej iulhcr.

06

 

 

  

PI? @RS scrgej iulhcr - Ielc - Sscr. S scr. PPGM? Argfgiej VgNg Ictward. RVM? Resswarm nar VgNg ictward. Resswarm nar E``css ta Ptavc‗s wchsgtc (; mgfgts) IC]? Emmrcssgif part. Mrewgif 86

Vc kevc ta sccd eim `aiic`t wgtk tkc stavc‗s VgNg ictward.]a ma sa, wc iccm ta typc tkc pesswarm skawi gi tkc tkc jehcj, peygif spc`gej ettcitgai ta tkc ejpkeiulcrg` `kere`tcrsgieim jawcr eim `escs. Ai`c `aiic`tgai kes hcci stehjgskcm, wc iccm ta gitramu`c aurtkc mcvg`c‗s wchuppcr hrawscr tkc najjawgif SXJ emmrcss?  kttp?//578.5>;.0.5 emmrcss?

Mrewgif 8;

Eutkcitg`etgai ley hc ic`cssery wkci e``cssgif tkc wch gitcrne`c.

 

PI? @RS scrgej iulhcr - Ielc - Sscr. Resswarm nar E``css ta Ptavc‗s wchsgtc (; mgfgts).

Mrewgif 87 

Gn wc usc tkc mcvg`c wgtk scvcrej ictwards (stavc, kalc‗s VgNg, ward‗s VgNg, ct.`) wc lust cisurc tket wc erc `aiic`tcm ta tkc stavc‗s VgNg ictward hcnarc magif eiytkgif gi tkc stavc. 

3.  3. 

VCH GI]CXNE@C. 3.5.   3.5.

LEGI P@XCCI.

   

Legi P`rcci. Xcemgif lcssefcs. Rawcr ai / ann @aingfuretgai. Nucj scjc`tgai.

   

Nucj ar tclpcreturc Gi`rcesc-mc`rcesc. 

 

Rawcr ai / ann Rrafrellgif. Kalc gimaar tclpcreturc. Xaal tclpcreturc prc-sct. ]glc zaic, jeifuefc eim ar Kat Vetcr / Kcetgif lamc. (VE]CX LAMCJP). Kat Vetcr / Kcetgif lamc. (VE]CX LAMCJP). Mrewgif 02 

0;

 

3.5.5.   XCEMGIF LCPPEFCP. 3.5.5.



     

@aingfuretgais. Apcretgif lamc (R, L ar C)* C`anarcst Jafa. Pencty lcssefc. (I ar Exx)** @urrcit metc. @urrcit tglc. * Pc`tgai 3.3. Rawcr, tclpcreturc ar clcrfci`y. ** Ragit > Ejerls (E[[[).

  

3.8.   3.8.

 

R

I

05/26/825= 57?28

Mrewgif 05

PC]]GIF AN ]GLC _AIC, JEIFSEFC EIM LAMC PCJC@]GAI KA] VE]CX / KCE]GIF. (VE]CX LAMCJP).

Ejj kcetgif systcls erc ne`tary-sct ta hcer tkc tglc zaic an Ppegi (Curapc/Lemrgm) eim tkcgr mcneujt jeifuefc gs Ppeigsk.

    

G`ai ta e``css jeifuefc scttgifs ]glc zaic*. Jeifuefc. Lamc scjc`tgai Kat Vetcr / Kcetgif lamc. (VE]CX LAMCJP)**. He`d ta legi s`rcci.

* ]kc tglc zaic sct lust ejweys let`k tket an tkc kcetcr. ** Aijy nar stavcs wkasc Kat Vetcr+ Kcetgif gs cjc`traig`ejjy apcretcm hy 0-wey vejvcs.   Mrewgif 08 

3.0.   3.0.

NSCJ PCJC@]GAI.

]a e``css tkgs lciu tkc stavc lust hc turicm ann eim skawgif ia ejerl (stetus 2).   ]a jceri larc ehaut nucj `kere`tcrgstg`s eim tkc essclhjy (gn ic`cssery) an lc`keig`ej e``cssargcs, pjcesc rcncr ta sc`tgai 0 an tkc ‚Gistejjetgai ‚Gistejjetgai eim Legitciei`c Leiuej“ . ]kc scjc`tcm nucj wgjj eppcer kgfkjgfktcm gi rcm.



Nucj scjc`tgai*. 

   

Ajgvc pgts. Ejlaim skcjjs. Rcjjct. He`d ta legi s`rcci.

*Gn tkc uscr pg`ds e nucj saur`c tket gs mgnncrcit nral  pcjjcts, e werigif lcssefc wgjj eppcer ais`rcci. ais`rcci.

Mrewgif 00

07

 

3.=.  3.=. 

        

ME]E ^GPSEJGPE]GAI LCIS.

Mete vgsuejgsetgai e``css g`ai. Mete vgsuejgsetgai P`rcci. He`d ta legi s`rcci. Apcretgif lamc eim kymreujg` s`kcmujcs (wetcr lamcjs). (P.E.]). E``css ta `aingfurcm kymreujg` s`kcmujcs. Annsct lciu. Lciu P.E.]. Gitcrict `aiic`tgai. CEPWIC]. Pantwerc ginarletgai. Mrewgif 0=

Lcssefc ai tkc s`rcci I]@ scisar. ]clp

Mcs`rgptgai ]clpcreturc mctc`tgif tkc `aivc`tar apcretgai (egr lamcjs) ar tkc wetcr `gr`ugt (wetcr lamcjs.)

Fes tclpcreturc

Fes aut`alc tclpcreturc.

@RS tclpcreturc

@RS Gitcriej tclpcreturc Xaal tclpcreturc, aijy gn tkc raal scisar gs `aiic`tcm.

Xaal tclpcreturc Cxtre`tar Ppccm @aivc`tar Ppccm

^ajtefc pcr`citefc (e``armgif ta tkc pawcr frgm). ^ajtefc pcr`citefc (e``armgif ta tkc pawcr frgm) rc`cgvcm hy tkc `aivc`tgai nei.

Egr gitedc Mcp.

Gt gs tkc prcssurc mctc`tcm gi tkc egr gitedc pgpc.

Ngrst egr mcp. jcvcj

^ejuc rc`armcm hy tkc leiune`turcr.

Ptetus

Apcretgaiej stetus*

Rawcr jcvcj Rawcr ai

]. pcjjct AI

Nucj mrap jcvcj Iulhcr an tglcs tkc stavc kes hcci turicm ai. Es tkc ielc glpjgcs, iulhcr an apcretgaiej kaurs an tkc stavc. Pc`aims murgif wkg`k tkc cifgic wards wgtkaut stappgif.

]. pcjjct ANN

]glc murgif wkg`k tkc cifgic rclegis ann.

Rawcr ai Xcsgstei`c

Rawcr ai (5) ar ann an tkc rcsgstei`c (2). Vetcr prcssurc gi tkc kymreujg` `gr`ugt (aijy wetcr lamcjs).

]atej apcretgai

Vetcr prcssurc

Xeifc. -52 ta 62²@ egr lamcjs. 52 ta ;0²@ gi wetcr -52 ta 832²@, e``armgif ta lamcjs. -52 ta >3²@ -52 e =2²@ 2 ta 522% 2 ta 522% 2 ta 532Re (e``armgif ta lamcj). 62 ta 532Re (e``armgif ta lamcj).  lamcj).  nral -= ta 82 (`kc`d wgtk PE]). nral 5 ta 7 @auitcm nral stetus 2. @auitcm kaurs nral stetus 2. Gt vergcs mcpcimgif ai tkc pawcr jcvcj. Gt vergcs mcpcimgif ai tkc nucj quejgty. Gt vergcs nral 2 ta 5 Vetcr prcssurc gi hers

Lamcj

Lamcj an aur stavc.

Gt vergcs mcpcimgif ai tkc lamcj.

@aitraj lamc

Apcretgaiej lamc e``armgif ta pawcr (R), tclpcreturc (]) ar clcrfci`y (C).

Pcc sc`tgai 8.> ct scq.

@RS Pcrgej iulhcr

@RS Pcrgej iulhcr, ejsa wrgttci gi tkc jehcj an tkc @RS.

Ejerl lcssefc

Ejerl lcssefc (Exx).

Nucj Pantwerc vcrsgai

Rcjjct @RS Pantwerc vcrsgai

VgNg

C`anarcst[[[[[[[[ =2

Gt vergcs mcpcimgif ai @RS. Pcc ejerl tehjc. Rcjjct, pgt, ejlaim skcjj.

Gt vergcs mcpcimgif ai tkc @RS. Ptavc PPGM

 

3.3.  3.3. 

ARCXE]GIF LAMCP.

]a e``css tkgs lciu tkc stavc lust hc turicm ann eim skawgif ia ejerl (stetus 2).   Cjc`traig`s kevc tkrcc apcretgif lamcs, pawcr, tclpcreturc eim clcrfci`y. Gi armcr ta diaw wkcrc su`k g`ai gs ja`etcm wc `ei kevc e jaad et ngfurc 03. Frepkg`s ai kaw ta scjc`t eiy an tkc lamcs rcncrrcm ta erc hcjjawcm gi`jumcm?

  

@aingfuretgai e``css G`ai Apcretgif lamc scjc`tgai.  Mgnncrcit apcretgif lamcs.

  

He`d ta prcvgaus lamc. ]clpcreturc Lamc @aingfuretgai. (PE]). He`d ta legi s`rcci. Mrewgif 03

3.3.5.   RAVCX LAMC. 3.3.5. R Lamc? Rawcr.

Gt gs tkc `aingfuretgai lamc sct hy mcneujt hy tkc leiune`turcr . Et tkgs jcvcj, wc `ei scjc`t larc ar jcss nucj mrap usgif + eim ‐ g`ais.

R Lamc? Rawcr.

]kc rcfujetgai reifc facs nral jcvcj 5 ta 7, hcgif 7 tkc lexglul nucj mrap jcvcj.

3.3.8.   ]CLRCXE]SXC LAMC. 3.3.8. ] Lamc? ]clpcreturc. (Egr lamcjs)

]kgs gs tkc eppraprgetc ta apcretc gi raal tclpcreturc. Hy scjc`tgif tkgs lamc, tkc nucj mrap vejuc wgjj hc rcpje`cm hy ei apcretgif raal tclpcreturc. Gt gs glparteit ta spc`gny wc iccm e raal scisar gi armcr ta apcretc gi tkgs lamc.

] Lamc? ]clpcreturc. (Vetcr lamcjs)

Mcpcimgif ai tkc kymreujg` mgefrel ruiigif wkci tkgs lamc gs scjc`tcm, tkc nejj vejuc nar nucj wgjj hc rcpje`cm hy e wardgif civgrailcit tclpcreturc ar hy estcrgsds.

] Lamc? ]clpcreturc.

]kc rcfujetgif reifc facs nral 58²@ ta =2²@, hcgif tkc jettcr tkc lexglul emoustehjc tclpcreturc.

Gi armcr ta e`tgvetc tkc tclpcreturc lamc, tkc legi s`rcci `aingfuretgai g`ai skejj hc prcss es gimg`etcm gi  ngfurc 0>.

  

]clpcreturc lamc scjc`tgai. @aingfuretgai e``css G`ai.  Resswarm (P.E.].).

Mrewgif 0>

=5

 

EGX LAMCJP. Ai`c wc kevc gitramu`cm tkc uscr ielc eim pesswarm wc wgjj kevc e``css ta tkc scisar typc eim nui`tgai scjc`tgai s`rcci. ]kc leiune`turcr kes scjc`tcm tkc aptgai ‚Iaic“. Vc wgjj e`tgvetc tkc tclpcreturc nui`tgai, ledgif surc tkc tclpcreturc scisar gs `aiic`tcm ta tkc `alluig`etgais part (MH7). ]kc tclpcreturc mgnncrcitgej aptgai skejj aijy hc uscm gn wc erc ewerc aur kalc kes hcci mujy gsajetcm. ]kc apcretgai gs rcejjy sglpjc, `aingfurgif tkc apcretgif tclpcreturc gi tkc prafrellgif tclpjetc, cvci scjc`tgif mgnncrcit tclpcreturcs pcr ce`k apcretgif kaur, ejweys gi e `akcrcit wey. ]kc cjc`traig`s wgjj jaad nar tkc gimg`etcm tclpcreturc.

  

Pcisar typc e`tgvetgai. ]clpcreturc mgnncrcitgej @aingfuretgai. @aingfuretgai. @keifc nral lgiglul lamc ta ai/ann.

Mrewgif 06

Vkci wc e`tgvetc tkc turigif ai/ann mcpcimgif ai tclpcreturc, tkc mgnncrcitgejs skejj hc `aingfurcm ta stert eim stap tkc stavc. ]kgs apcretgif lamc gs aijy emvgscm nar mujy gsajetcm kalcs.

 

E`tgvetgif tkc turigif ai/ann nui`tgai. @aingfurgif tkc tclpcreturc mgnncrcitgej ta turi tkc mcvg`c ai/ann.

Mrewgif 0;

VE]CX LAMCJP. Ai`c wc kevc gitramu`cm tkc uscr ielc eim pesswarm wc wgjj kevc e``css ta tkc scjc`tgai s`rcci, gi armcr ta `kaasc e kymreujg` s`kcmujc aut an tkc aics evegjehjc. ]kc sgifjc zaic aptgai gs tkc aic tket eppcers hy mcneujt. Pcc sc`tgai 3.;  nar  nar ei cxpjeietgai an tkc mgnncrcit typcs an s`kcmujcs.

   

Kymreujg` s`kcmujc. Pcjc`tgai an prahc ar raal tkcrlastet. Pcjc`tgai an aic scisar ar twa. E``css ta tkc `gr`ugt scttgif (P.E.]).

Mrewgif 07

Xaal scisars erc rcejjy cesy ta apcretc. ]kc wardgif tclpcreturc gs sct mcpcimgif an tkc kymreujg` `gr`ugt `kasci. Cvci gn tkc uscr scjc`ts larc tkei aic tclpcreturc nar cvcry apcretgif kaur, tkc cjc`traig` systcl wgjj scer`k nar tkc sgfiejcm tclpcreturc es jaif ja if es tkcsc vejucs erc rcesaiehjc.

=8

 

 

  

Rert an tkc kymreujg` s`kcmujc. Pcttgif an e tclpcreturc mgnncrci`c. @keifc nral lgiglul lamc ta ai/ann.

Mrewgif =2

Vkci tkc uscr e`tgvetcs tkc eutaletg` swgt`kgif ai/ann an tkc stavc mcpcimgif ai tkc tclpcreturc, kc/skc lust gitramu`c tkc haatgif eim skutmawi perelctcrs an tkc stavc. ]kgs aptgai gs aijy sugtehjc nar wcjj gisujetcm kauscs.

   

Rert an tkc kymreujg` s`kcmujc. Pcttgif an tkc tclpcreturc mgnncrci`c  E`tgvetgai an tkc ai/ann nceturcs. Pcttgif an tkc tclpcreturc mgnncrci`c nar tkc eutaletg` ai/ann swgt`kgif.

Mrewgif =5

ARCXE]GAI EIM HCKE^GAX AN XAAL PCIPAX @AINGFSXE]GAIP. Frepkg`ej mgspjey an raal scisar `aitraj wkcrc tkc ‚Ai/Ann“ aptgai gs mgsehjcm?

     

]kc uscr turis ai tkc stavc leiuejjy. ]erfct tclpcreturc scjc`tcm gi tkc legi lciu. Ν]@5 hy mcneujt 5²@ (Pcc ngfurcs 06 ar =2). 

Gt `keifcs ta jcvcj 5 (lgiglul). Gt `keifcs ta wardgif jcvcj 7. ]kc uscr turis ann tkc stavc leiuejjy. Mrewgif =8 

Frepkg`ej mgspjey an raal scisar `aitraj wkcrc tkc ‚Ai/Ann“ aptgai gs ciehjcm?

        

]kc uscr turis ai tkc stavc leiuejjy. ]erfct tclpcreturc scjc`tcm gi tkc legi lciu. 

Ν]@5 hy mcneujt 5²@ (Pcc ngfurcs 0; ar =5). 

Gt `keifcs ta jcvcj 5 (lgiglul). Gt `keifcs ta wardgif jcvcj 7. Ν]@ANN  ]clpcreturc mgnncrci`c nar turigif tkc mcvg`c ann. ]urigif ann tkc stavc usgif tkc raal tclpcreturc. Ν]@AI  ]clpcreturc mgnncrci`c nar turigif tkc mcvg`c ai. ]urigif ai tkc mcvg`c najjawgif tkc tclpcreturc armcr. Mrewgif =0

=0

 

Vkci tkc stavc gs ann gi eiy eim ejj tclpcreturc lamc eim gt gs rcemy ta hc rcstertcm, tkc najjawgif g`ai skejj eppcer ai tkc legi s`rcci? Ievy hjuc

]kc g`ai wgjj rclegi gi ievy hjuc ta gimg`etc tkc stavc kes hcci stappcm, wegtgif ta hc stertcm, cgtkcr entcr hcgif prafrellcm ar e``armgif ta tclpcreturc.

3.3.0. CLCXFCI@W LAMC. ]kgs lamc skejj aijy hc uscm gi `esc an clcrfci`y, sgi`c gt macs iat laigtar tkc egr gitedc mcprcssgai, nucj lamujetgai. ]kc `aivc`tar wgjj apcretc et e lexglul pawcr nral tkc hcfgiigif. ]A hcfgiigif. ]A HC SPCM AIJW GI @EPC AN CLCXFCI@W AX VKCI GIMG@E]CM HW P.E.].  P.E.]. 

  

G`aia mc e``csa e `aingfure`gði. G`aia mc scjc``gði mc lama mc nui`gaielgcita.

Lama mc clcrfci`ge.

Mrewgif ==

Lama C? Clcrfci`ge.   3.>.

   

S]GJG_EX PÐJA CI @EPA MC CLCXFCI@GE C GIMG@EMA RAX CJ P.E.].

ANNPC] LCIS.

G`ai nar annsct lciu e``css. Ptertgif pawcr jcvcj. Lamgny annsct. (P.E.]). @jceigif lciu (VE]CX LAMCJP). (P.E.]). 

Mrewgif =3

3.6.   3.6.

VCH RXAFXELLGIF ]GLC]EHJC.

]clpjetcs ley hc uscm ta prafrellc tkc stavc sc pucmc rcejgzer mc narle scleiej rciavehjc, prafrellcs rcfgstcrcm hy tkc leiune`turcr, wkg`k `ei hc tatejjy `aingfurcm hy tkc uscr, gi e pcrsaiejgscm wey hy scjc`tgif tkc tglc, tclpcreturc eim nucj mrap reifc. Vc `ei prafrellc keste 72 meys ekcem nral tkc `urrcit metc. Pu`k prafrellgif skejj ejweys hc pcrnarlcm frepkg`ejjy, `aingfurgif tkc tkrcc perelctcrs cesgjy eim qug`djy. ]kus, wc kevc ta prcss tkc `ejcimer-skepcm g`ai. Ai`c tkc mcsgrcm prafrellgif kes hcci `alpjctcm, cgtkcr usgif e tclpjetc ar e spc`gng` pcrsaiejgzcm prafrellgif, wc wgjj e`tgvetc su`k prafrellgif hy prcssgif pagit . Pu`k pagit skejj hc mcscjc`tcm gi armcr ta mgsehjcm tkc prafrellgif.

  

E``css ta prafrellgif. @urrcit ycer. Mgsehjcm Rrafrellgif.



Ciehjcm Rrafrellgif. Mrewgif => 

==

 

Hy prcssgif tkc hcnarc lcitgaicm g`ai, wc wgjj kevc e``css ta tkc prafrellgif tclpjetcs s`rcci.

   

@urrcit `ejcimer. ]clpjetc scjc`tgai eim `aingfuretgai. Vccdjy P`kcmujc. He`d ta legi s`rcci.

Mrewgif =6

Gi armcr ta scjc`t tkc megjy s`kcmujc, wc aijy kevc ta prcss tkc mey wc weit ta prafrellc, nar gistei`c tkc 5> Ouic 825> eim e icw s`rcci wgjj hc mgspjeycm es skawi hcjaw?

     

@urrcit `ejcimer, wgtk prafrellehjc meys. Rrcmcngicm s`kcmujc nar tkc scjc`tcm mey. Lamgnygif tkc prafrellgif prcmcngicm nar e `crtegi mey. P`kcmujc `aingfuretgai. Vccdjy prafrellgif usgif s`kcmujcs. He`d ta legi s`rcci. Mrewgif =;

]kc legi mgnncrci`cs hctwcci pagit  eim pagit  gs tket, tkc ngrst aic gi`jumcs prafrellcs prcmcngicm hy tkc leiune`turcr, wkg`k, cvci tkaufk tkcy erc lamgngehjc, tkcy erc ejrcemy lclargscm sa tkc uscr `ei eppjy gt cesgjy. ]kc ‚megjy prafrellgif“ wgjj jct us lamgny tkc s`kcmujc prcmcngicm nar tkc scjc`tcm mey. Gn wc aijy weit ta prafrellc e `crtegi mey, wc kevc ta prcss tkc g`ai gimg`etgif ‚Megjy prafrellgif“ ( ), eim wc wgjj kevc e``css ta tkc prafrellgif s`kcmujc prcmcngicm nar tkc scjc`tcm mey?

 Mìe e prafreler.  ]glc sjats (mc jes 22 e jes 80k).





]clpcreturc `ajuli. Sscs tkc vejuc `aingfurcm gi tkc Gfuej prcvgaus tglc sjat.  ]clpcreturc sct pagit (2.3 ²@ 58-=2 gitcrvej). Gi egr stavcs, gt aijy givajvcs tkc ]clpcreturc lamc.  Rawcr `ajuli. Gfuej Pelc es tkc prcvgaus sjat.  Ahscrvcs steim-hy armcrs (VE]CX P]-HW LAMCJP). Le`kgic swgt`kcm ann. Pthy lamc gs ANN iat ahscrvcm. Rawcr jcvcj. Pwgt`k ai, uijcss tkcrc 5-7 gs e sglujteicaus sthy armcr.  

(GLRAX]EI])    Pevc prafrellgif (GLRAX]EI])  He`d ta prcvgaus s`rcci.  He`d ta legi s`rcci.

Mrewgif =7

=3

 

3.6.5. RXAFXELLGIF P@KCMSJCP. Gi armcr ta `aingfurc eiy an tkc s`kcmujcs, tkc mcsgrcm P`kcmujc skejj hc scjc`tcm eim tkc mcsgrcm perelctcrs skejj hc vergcm ar `aingfurcm gi tkc selc wey es eppjgcm ta tkc megjy prafrellgif cxpjegicm gi tkc prcvgaus sc`tgai. Gs glparteit ta vejgmetc su`k prafrellgif hy scjc`tgif tkc sevgif aptgai (pagit ,  ngfurc =7) entcr tkc prafrellgif kes hcci pcrnarlcm.

   

P`kcmujcs 5 - 6. He`d ta prcvgaus s`rcci. Eppjy tkgs `keifc ta prcvgaus prafrellgif. He`d ta legi s`rcci.

Mrewgif 32

3.6.8. VCCDJW RXAFXELLGIF SPGIF P@KCMSJCP. Gi armcr ta kevc e``css ta tkc wccdjy prafrellgif wc kevc ta prcss gts g`ai ( ngfurc =;) eim wc wgjj kevc e``css ta tkc prafrellgif s`rcci. ]kcrc wc skejj gimg`etc wkg`k s`kcmujc wc weit ta usc nar ce`k wccd mey. Vc kevc ta sevc sevc  tkc prafrellgif eim entcr, wc kevc ta ciehjc tkc prafrellgif es gimg`etcm gi pagit  an ngfurc 35. ]kgs icw wccdjy tclpjetc wgjj hc eppjgcm ta cvcry mey nral tkc `urrcit mey.

     

E``css ta wccdjy scjc`tgai. P`kcmujc scjc`tgai. Vccd meys ta hc prafrellcm. Pevc @aingfuretgai G`ai. He`d ta prcvgaus s`rcci. He`d ta legi s`rcci.

Mrewgif 35

3.;.   3.;.

VCH MGPRJEW AN KWMXESJG@ MGEFXEL (AIJW VE]CX LAMCJP).

Ei apcretar lust `aingfurc tkcsc lciu scttgifs sgi`c tkc stert-up eim skutmawi perelctcrs an tkc stavc lust hc citcrcm.  Vc skejj scjc`t ce`k aic an tkcl tkc selc wey, sa wc skejj iat rcpcet ejj stcps nar cvcry s`kcmujc skawi (scc sc`tgai 3.3.8 3.3.8,, ngfurc 07).  Ejj s`kcmujcs skerc salc `allai `kere`tcrgstg`s, wkg`k wgjj hc cxpjegicm aijy ai`c ta evagm cimjcss rcpctgtgai.

=>

 

     

  Iulhcr an kymreujg` s`kcmujc gi R, ] a C (Pc`tgai >.3). 

C`anarcst stavc. Xcfrcsa e peitejje eitcrgar. Mgefrel `aingfuretgai (PE]).

 

Rcr`citefc eim tclpcreturc an tkc pulp _aic 5, kcetgif tawerms remgetars. r emgetars. Ginarletgai ai tkc scjc`tgai an tkcrlastet ar prahc. He`d ta legi s`rcci. 

       

Ginarletgai ai tkc apcretgai scttgifs. Frcci haxcs anncr emvg`c eim ginarletgai Vkgtc haxcs erc uscr-mcngicm scttgifs. E``cjcretgai pulp. 0-wey vejvc. Xcm haxcs gi`jumc werigifs eim jglgtetgais. ]eid eim mete ai seigtery kat wetcr. Mcpasgt eim njaw mete.

Mrewgif 38

PGIFJC _AIC (ei erce tawerms remgetars leiefcm hy e raal tkcrlastet). P@KCLC 25.  25.  ]kgs gs tkc cesgcst erreifclcit ejjawgif tkc uscr ta sct tkc njaw eim steim-hy tclpcreturcs hctwcci 32² eim 63²@. ]kcsc tclpcreturc reifcs lust hc prc-`aingfurcm hy tkc gistejjcr eim tkc steim-hy vejuc `ei icvcr hc jawcr tkei tkc njaw tclpcreturc sct nar tkc stavcs. ]kc `ustalcr `ei lamgny tkc raal tclpcreturc vejuc. ]kc nceturc tket gs gi`jumcm hy mcneujt ledcs tkc stavc swgt`k ta lgiglul lamc ai`c tkc mcsgrcm raal tclpcreturc gs rce`kcm. Ejtkaufk tkgs gs tkc prcncrrcm aptgai, tkc gistejjcr ley es wcjj e`tgvetc tkc ai/ann nceturc () hy scttgif vejucs nar tclpcreturc mgnncrci`cs. ]kcsc mgnncrcitgejs eppcer ais`rcci ().

    

Njaw tclpcreturc (sct hy tkc gistejjcr). Pteim-hy tclpcreturc (sct hy tkc gistejjcr). Ai/ann ar lgiglul lamc nceturcs. Mcsgrcm raal tclpcreturc (sct hy tkc uscr). ]clpcreturc mgnncrci`cs (sct hy tkc gistejjcr).

Mrewgif 30

PGIFJC _AIC (ei erce tawerms remgetars leiefcm hy e raal tkcrlastet). P@KCLC 20. ]kc pra`cmurc gs tkc selc es tkc aic mcs`rghcm prcvgausjy, sevc tket gi tkgs `aingfuretgai tkc uscr `eiiat emoust eiy tclpcreturc mgnncrcitgej sgi`c tkc systcl armcrs `alc nral ei apci ar `jascm `aite`t (e wgrc ar rclatc tkcrlastet, ct`.). ]kc aijy scttgif tket `ei hc lamgngcm hy tkc gistejjcr gs tkc apcretgai nceturc ai`c tkc systcl rc`cgvcs tkc sgfiej `algif nral tkc tkcrlastet. ]kc mcneujt scttgif gs ‚lgiglul lamc“, hut tkc ai/ann nceturc `ei hc scjc`tcm gistcem.

 

Njaw tclpcreturc (sct hy tkc gistejjcr). Pteim-hy tclpcreturc (sct hy tkc gistejjcr).



Ai/ann ar lgiglul lamc nceturcs.

Mrewgif 3=

=6

 

PGIFJC _AIC + KA] PEIG]EXW VE]CX (aic scisar), laigtarcm hy e raal tkcrlastet. P@KCLC 50. ]kc apcretgif nui`tgais erc tkc selc es wgtk tkc atkcr scttgifs, cx`cpt nar tkc tclpcreturc emoustlcit an tkc seigtery kat wetcr, nar wkg`k tkc gistejjcr lust spc`gny tkc wardgif tclpcreturcs an tkc systcl () eim tkc tclpcreturc mgnncrci`cs (). Et tkc selc tglc, tkc seigtery kat wetcr scisar ( ) lust hc `arrc`tjy pje`cm ta hc ehjc ta fct e faam rcemgif.

    

Pteim-hy, stert-up eim seigtery kat wetcr tclpcreturcs (sct hy tkc gistejjcr). Ai/ann ar lgiglul lamc nceturcs. Mcsgrcm raal tclpcreturc (sct hy tkc uscr).  Mcsgrcm seigtery kat wetcr tclpcreturc (sct hy tkc uscr). ]clpcreturc rcfgstcrcm hy tkc scisar an tkc seigtery kat wetcr e``ulujetar. Mrewgif 33

PGIFJC _AIC + KA] PEIG]EXW VE]CX (twa scisars), laigtarcm hy e raal tkcrlastet. P@KCLC 23. ]kc systcl gs ejlast tkc selc es tkc prcvgaus aic, hut gi tkgs `esc tkcrc erc twa kat wetcr scisars gistcem an aic. Gi e``armei`c ta tkc mgefrel pravgmcm, tkcsc twa scisars kevc ta hc `aingfurcm eim lauitcm hy tkc gistejjcr. Aic an tkcl lust hc pje`cm et tkc tap an tkc seigtery kat wetcr teid (]5) eim tkc atkcr et tkc hattal (]8).

    

Pteim-hy, stert-up eim seigtery kat wetcr tclpcreturcs (sct hy tkc gistejjcr). Ai/ann ar lgiglul lamc nceturcs. Mcsgrcm raal tclpcreturc (sct hy tkc uscr).  Mcsgrcm seigtery kat wetcr tclpcreturc (sct hy tkc uscr). ]clpcreturc rcfgstcrcm hy tkc scisars an tkc seigtery kat wetcr e``ulujetar. Mrewgif 3>

PGIFJC _AIC + KA] PEIG]EXW VE]CX (aic scisar), laigtarcm hy e raal tkcrlastet. P@KCLC 53. Gi tkgs mgefrel, eim vge tkc tehjct, tkc uscr wgjj aijy hc ehjc ta lamgny tkc wardgif tclpcreturc an tkc seigtery kat wetcr. ]kcarraal tclpcreturc wgjj mcpcim citgrcjy tkc raal tkcrlastet Aur gistejjcr wgjj sct tkc mcneujt ai/ann lgiglu lgiglul l lamc nceturc, es wc wcjj jj es tkcai wetcr tclpcreturc eim evegjehjc. mgnncrcitgejs. ]kc seigtery kat wetcr skejj hc laigtarcm hy aic scisar gi tkc teid.

    

Pteim-hy, stert-up eim seigtery kat wetcr tclpcreturcs (sct hy tkc gistejjcr). Ai/ann ar lgiglul lamc nceturcs. Pcjc`tgai gimg`etar (tkcrlastet ar prahc).   Mcsgrcm seigtery kat wetcr tclpcreturc (sct hy tkc uscr). ]clpcreturc rcfgstcrcm hy tkc scisar an tkc seigtery kat wetcr e``ulujetar. Mrewgif 36

=;

 

PGIFJC _AIC + KA] PEIG]EXW VE]CX (twa scisars),laigtarcm hy e raal tkcrlastet. P@KCLC 26. Es gi tkc prcvgaus `esc, wc `ei aijy emoust tkc tclpcreturc an tkc seigtery kat wetcr. Kawcvcr, tkgs tglc, twa scisars pje`cm eim `aingfurcm hy tkc gistejjcr wgjj laigtar tkc teid.

    

Pteim-hy, stert-up eim seigtery kat wetcr tclpcreturcs (sct hy tkc gistejjcr). Ai/ann ar lgiglul lamc nceturcs. Pcjc`tgai gimg`etar (tkcrlastet ar prahc).   Mcsgrcm seigtery kat wetcr tclpcreturc (sct hy tkc uscr). ]clpcreturc rcfgstcrcm hy tkc scisars an tkc seigtery kat wetcr e``ulujetar. Mrewgif 3;

HSNNCX ]EID wgtk 5 eim 8 scisars EIM KA] PEIG]EXW VE]CX wgtk 5 ar 8 scisars. s cisars. P@KCLCP >5, 30, 87 EIM 85. Gi tkgs `esc, wc erc fagif ta mgs`uss = mgefrels et tkc selc tglc hc`eusc tkc aijy iatehjc `keifc gs tkc iulhcr an scisars evegjehjc ta laigtar tkc mgnncrcit mcpasgts (hunncr eim seigtery kat wetcr teids). ]kc aijy aptgai tket tkc uscr `ei lamgny et tkgs stefc gs tkc wardgif tclpcreturc an tkc seigtery kat wetcr, hc`eusc ejj tkc atkcr scttgifs (sencty perelctcrs, wetcr pulpgif jcvcjs, hunncr teid scttgifs, ct`.) kevc ta hc `aingfurcm hy tkc gistejjcr.

    

Pteim-hy, stert-up eim seigtery kat wetcr tclpcreturcs (sct hy tkc gistejjcr). ]clpcreturc rcfgstcrcm hy tkc scisars an tkc seigtery kat wetcr e``ulujetar.  ]clpcreturc rcfgstcrcm hy tkc hunncr teid scisars.  Mcsgrcm seigtery kat wetcr tclpcreturc (sct hy tkc uscr). Vardgif tclpcreturcs an tkc hunncr teid sct hy tkc gistejjcr. Mrewgif 37

HSNNCX ]EID wgtk aic ar twa scisars. P@KCLCP =7 EIM 56. Gi tkc `esc an tkcsc twa mgefrels, wc wgjj cxpjegi tkc lceigif hckgim ce`k tclpcreturc hc`eusc ejj scttgif erreifclcits kevc ta hc pcrnarlcm hy tkc gistejjcr. g istejjcr.

  

Pteim-hy, stert-up eim seigtery kat wetcr tclpcreturcs (sct hy tkc gistejjcr). ]clpcreturc rcfgstcrcm hy tkc twa scisars gi tkc seigtery kat wetcr e``ulujetar.  ]clpcreturc rcfgstcrcm hy tkc twa scisars gi tkc hunncr teid. 

Mrewgif >2

3.7.  3.7. 

GI]CXIC] @AIIC@]GAI (CEPWIC]).

Gn tkcrc gs gitcrict evegjehgjgty gi tkc le`kgic clpje`clcit tkc e``css eim `aitraj an tkc le`kgic gs passghjc tkraufk gitcrict. @kc`d evegjehgjgty. =7

 

 

NGXP] NAX EJJ, RJCEPC XCEM PC@]GAI 3.7.5. E VXAIF @AINGFSXE]GAI @ASJM HJA@D ]KC VgNg @AIIC@]GAI VG]K ]KC LE@KGIC. @AIPSJ] WASX MCEJCX. 3.7.5.   RXC@ES]GAIP EIM XC@ALLCIME]GAIP. 3.7.5.   Xcvgcw ielc eim pesswarm an yaur wgrcjcss kalc ictward. Evagm spe`cs eim uiusuej `kere`tcrs ($, %, &, ;E) hctwcci @RS eim rautcr.

•

• •

∘

∘

3.7.8.   @AINGFSXE]GAI. 3.7.8.

      

VgNg ictward scjc`tgai hax. VgNg ielc VgNg pesswarm ‛Ctkcrict‗ huttai. ‛]cst‗ huttai. ‛Pevc‗ huttai. Cxgt ta prcvgaus lciu. Cxgt ta legi lciu. E`css g`ai ta rclatc `aiic`tgai lciu. Mrewgif >5

VgNg ictward scjc`tgai hax? Ejjaws scjc`tgif tkc VgNg ictward. Argfgiej C`anarcst? C`anarcst? Ne`tary scttgifs. ]kc @RS fcicretcs gts awi VgNg ictward, PPGM. ]cxt haxcs () eim () erc eutaletg`ejjy ngjjcm wgtk tkc PPGM eim RVM an tkc @RS. Gitcrict? Pyi`kraigzcs Gitcrict?  Pyi`kraigzcs tkc @RS wgtk tkc cxtcriej VgNg. ]cxt haxcs ( ) eim () erc ngjjcm wgtk tkc ielc an tkc wgrcjcsshuttai? ]kc ictward an @RS tkc ne`gjgty eim tkc VgNgvge pesswarm. 'Ctkcrict' huttai?  ]kc wgjj `alluig`etc tkc Ctkcrict prata`aj4 wkctkcr ar iat su`k Ctkcrict `aiic`tgai hctwcci @RS eim rautcr cxgsts (]kc @RS wgjj stap gssugif gts awi wgrcjcss ictward). Gn tkc @RS gs iat fagif ta hc uscm ta cstehjgsk ei Ctkcrict `aiic`tgai, ma iat prcss. prcss.  ']cst' huttai? Gt huttai? Gt trgcs ta `alluig`etc wgrcjcssjy hctwcci tkc @RS eim tkc rautcr an tkc ne`gjgty. (Kevgif prcvgausjy scjc`tcm 'Gitcrict' lamc eim `arrc`tjy ngjjcm haxcs () eim (). 'Pevc' Huttai? Pevcs Huttai? Pevcs tkc jest `aingfuretgai. Gn tkc "Pu``cssnuj" lcssefc eppcers entcr prcssgif tkc ']cst' huttai, gt sevcs tkc `aingfuretgai. ]kc stavc wards tkraufk tkc VgNg ictward an tkc ne`gjgty. Gn tkc stavc wards tkraufk ei cxtcriej VgNg ictward eim gi tkc VgNg ictward scjc`tgai hax wc scjc`t 'C`anarcst Argfgiej' entcr `jg`dgif 'Pevc' tkc stavc wgjj rchugjm gts argfgiej wgrcjcss ictward.

32

 

@AINGFSXE]GAI P]CRP HEPCM AI ]KC ]WRC AN @AIIC@]GAI? @ AIIC@]GAI? VgNg?

Mrewgif >8

Hy prcssgif ']cst' tkc VgNg ictward wgjj mgseppcer nar nar e ncw lalcits, tkc hrawscr hrawscr lgfkt skaw us tkc lcssefc "`alluig`etgai negjurc". ^crgny tket tkc VgNg ictward an tkc le`kgic kes rcturicm eim tket wc erc `aiic`tcm ta gt hcnarc e``cptgif tkc lcssefc. lcssefc. Ejsa wegt nar tkc lcssefc "Pu``cssnuj" ar "Iat "Iat Pu``cssnuj" ta eppcer. C]KCXIC]? Ngrst an ejj, `kc`d tket tkcrc gs e `aiic`tgai vge Ctkcrict, hctwcci rautcr eim @RS an tkc stavc/hagjcr. (pagit   3.7.5). 3.7.5 ).

Mrewgif >0

3.7.0.   E@@CP NXAL GI]CXIC]. 3.7.0.



Vch pefc. Mrewgif >= 



PI? @RS scrgej iulhcr - Ielc - Sscr. Resswarm nar E``css ta Ptavc‗s wchsgtc (; mgfgts)

Mrewgif >3 

35

 

 

  

PI? @RS scrgej iulhcr - Ielc - Sscr. E``css ta tkc le`kgic nral eiywkcrc. E``css ta tkc le`kgic wgtkgi reifc an gistejjetgai rautcr. Xc`allcimcm wkci wc erc gi tkc gistejjetgai.

Mrewgif >> 

3.7.=

XC@A^CX ]KC AXGFGIEJ VgNg IC]VAXD.

Wau `ei rcstarc tkc argfgiej VgNg ictward an tkc stavc gi mgnncrcit weys? •  Nral tkc wch? Gi tkc rclatc `aiic`tgai lciu (pagit 3.7.8.), Pcjc`tgif " C`anarcst Argfgiej " eim "Pevc". •  Nral tkc mgspjey? Xcstert nral tkc GR emmrcsscs ginarletgai s`rcci.

Mrewgif >6  

>.  >. 

EJEXLP.

Mrewgif >; 

 Ejerl E222

Mcs`rgptgai Vgjj eppcer gn gt gs uipjuffcm hy ei e`tgvc ejerl.

Pajutgai • •

E225

Jaw egr gitedc mcprcssgai.

• •

E228 E220

Kgfk egr gitedc mcprcssgai. Lgiglul fes autput tclpcreturc.

• • •

E22=

Lexglul fes autput tclpcreturc.

• • •

E223

Lgiglul I]@ tclpcreturc.

• • •

E22>

•

Lexglul I]@ tclpcreturc.

• •

38

 Mai½t uipjuf, usc tkc dcyhaerm.  @jceigif tkc stavc.  Apci maar.  Mgrty cxkeust pgpc.  Cx`css an egr murgif tkc gistejjetgai.  ]kc stavc rui aut an pcjjct.  Lexglul apcretgif tclpcreturc kes hcci rce`kcm.  Mgrty stavc.  ]aa gitcisgvc usc.  Hemjy pjeiicm gistejjetgai gi tcrls an spe`c.  Hagjcr wardgif et jaw pawcr jcvcjs.  Mgs`aiic`tcm I]@.  Egr gi tkc `gr`ugt.  Jgttjc mgssgpetgai an tkc cicrfy fcicretcm.  ]aa kcevgjy uscm.  Pkart`ut gi I]@.

 

•

E226

Lgiglul wetcr prcssurc.

• • •

E22;

Lexglul wetcr prcssurc.

• • •

E227

Lgiglul raal tclpcreturc.

• • •

E252

Lexglul raal tclpcreturc.

• •

E255

Lgiglul @RS ]clpcreturc.

• •

E258

Lexglul @RS ]clpcreturc.

• •

E250 E25=

Latar `urrcits hcjaw tkc lgiglul. Latar `urrcits ehavc tkc lexglul.

• • • •

E253

Mcprcssgai egr jcvcj taa jaw.

• • • •

E25>

Lexglul fes tclpcreturc ejcrt

E256

Lexglul I]@ tclpcreturc ejcrt.

E25;

Cj cxtre`tar sc paic ej 522% y ia ej`eize je mcprcsgði lìigle mc treheoa mc narle `aitgiueme.

E257

Cxtre`tar mc je sejgme mc fescs ej 522%

• •

• •

• •

E282 E285 E288

Crrar ci saimes. Lgiglul tclpcreturc gi prahc nar autsgmc tclpcreturc. (AR]GAIEJ, `kc`d evegjehgjgty).  Lexglul tclpcreturc gi prahc nar autsgmc tclpcreturc. (AR]GAIEJ, `kc`d evegjehgjgty). 

•

Lgiglul tclpcreturc gi prahc nar rcturi tclpcreturc. 

 ]clpcreturc ehavc 33²@.

•

• •

•

Lexglul tclpcreturc gi prahc nar rcturi tclpcreturc 

• • • •

E283

Lgiglul tclpcreturc gi ‚tclpcreturc 5 prahc“, uscm ta laigtar tkc seigtery kat wetcr teid. 

• • •

E28>

Lexglul tclpcreturc gi ‚tclpcreturc 5 prahc“, uscm ta laigtar tkc kat seigtery wetcr teid. 

• • • • •

E286

Lgiglul tclpcreturc gi ‚tclpcreturc 8 prahc“, uscm ta laigtar tkc kat seigtery wetcr teid. 

 Ptavc/kcetcr mgrty.  Iccm ta pcrnarl legitciei`c ward.  Rassghjc scisar `keifc.  ]clpcreturc hcjaw -83²@.

•

E28=

 Ptavc/kcetcr mgrty.  Iccm ta pcrnarl legitciei`c ward.

•

•

E280

 Ngjjgif tkc kcetgif `gr`ugt.  Mgs`aiic`tcm Rrcssurc swgt`k.  Hradci Rrcssurc swgt`k.  Jawcrgif apcretgif prcssurc hctwcci 5.8 eim 5.3 her.  Gistejjgif e hgffcr cxpeisgai vcsscj.  Egr gi tkc `gr`ugt.  Jaw tclpcreturc gi tkc raal.  Mgsehjgif tkc raal scisar.  Jawcrgif apcretgif prcssurc.  prcssurc.   ]aa lu`k tclpcreturc gi tkc raal.  Mgsehjgif tkc raal scisar.  Gi`rcesgif apcretgif prcssurc.  @RS ]clpcreturc hcjaw tkc lgiglul.  Mgrty stavc.  Mgrty ar hradci `aivc`tar.  Giemcquetc gistejjetgai an tkc fes autput pgpc.  Xcvgcwgif latar `aiic`tgais.  Xcvgcwgif latar skart `gr`ugts.  Lgiglul mcprcssgai apcretgif `aimgtgais.  Mgrty stavc.  Mgrty cxkeust pgpc.  Kausgif maar ar esk hax gi`arrc`tjy `jascm.  @jceigif autjct jcnt apci.  Gt kes rce`kcm tkc fes autput sencty.  ]clpcreturc eim tkc pcjjct wgjj mrap.  Gt kes rce`kcm tkc sencty wetcr tclpcreturc eim tkc pcjjct wgjj mrap.

• • •

 Gistejjetgai an hagjcr hemjy lcesurcm.  Hagjcr wardgif ta jaw jcvcjs an pawcr.  Mgs`aiic`tcm I]@.  I]@ hemjy pje`cm.  Egr gi tkc `gr`ugt.  Jgttjc mgssgpetgai an tkc cicrfy fcicretcm.  ]aa kcevgjy uscm.  Pkart`ut gi I]@.  Gistejjetgai an hagjcr hemjy lcesurcm.  Hagjcr wardgif ta jaw jcvcjs an pawcr.  Mgs`aiic`tcm I]@.  I]@ hemjy pje`cm.  Egr gi tkc `gr`ugt.  Jgttjc mgssgpetgai an tkc cicrfy fcicretcm.  ]aa kcevgjy uscm. Pkart`ut gi I]@.   Gistejjetgai an hagjcr hemjy lcesurcm.  Hagjcr wardgif ta jaw jcvcjs an pawcr.  Mgs`aiic`tcm I]@.  I]@ hemjy pje`cm.

30

 

E28;

Lexglul tclpcreturc gi ‚tclpcreturc 8 prahc“, uscm ta laigtar tkc kat seigtery wetcr teid. 

• • • • •

E287

Lgiglul tclpcreturc gi ‚tclpcreturc 5 prahc“, uscm ta laigtar tkc hunncr teid. 

• • • •

E202

Lexglul tclpcreturc gi ‚tclpcreturc prahc“, uscm ta laigtar tkc hunncr teid. 

5

• • • •

E205

Lgiglul tclpcreturc gi ‚tclpcreturc 8 prahc“, uscm ta laigtar tkc hunncr teid. 

• • • •

E208

Lexglul tclpcreturc gi ‚tclpcreturc prahc“, uscm ta laigtar tkc hunncr teid. 

8

• • •

E2=2

LAMHSP XP=;3 `alluig`etgai crrar hctwcci tkc @RS eim gts civgrailcit.  

 Egr gi tkc `gr`ugt.  Jgttjc mgssgpetgai an tkc cicrfy fcicretcm.  ]aa kcevgjy uscm.  Pkart`ut gi I]@.  Gistejjetgai an hagjcr hemjy lcesurcm.  Hagjcr wardgif ta jaw jcvcjs an pawcr.  Mgs`aiic`tcm I]@.  I]@ hemjy pje`cm.  Egr gi tkc `gr`ugt.  Jgttjc mgssgpetgai an tkc cicrfy fcicretcm.  ]aa kcevgjy uscm.  Pkart`ut gi I]@.  Gistejjetgai an hagjcr hemjy lcesurcm.  Hagjcr wardgif ta jaw jcvcjs an pawcr.  Mgs`aiic`tcm I]@.  I]@ hemjy pje`cm.  Egr gi tkc `gr`ugt.  Jgttjc mgssgpetgai an tkc cicrfy fcicretcm.  ]aa kcevgjy uscm.  Pkart`ut gi I]@.  Mgs`aiic`tcm `ehjc.  Hradci `ehjc, rcpje`c wgtk e icw aic (PE]).  Maars ar esk mrewcr `avcr hemjy `jascm.  Huri pat hesc apci ar iat prapcrjy `jascm.  Pcisar melefcm.

• • • •

Hurigif pat `jceigif negjurc.

•

E207

Pcisars ma iat `jasgif an tkc hurigif pat‗s jgmmctc`t entcr 0apcigif `jceigifeim ettclpts.

 Vgrgif ar `aiic`tar mgs`aiic`tcm ar jaasc.  Rcrgpkcry melefcm.  Cifgic melefcm.  Ngjjgif tkc kappcr.  Ptappcm fcer latar.  ]kc sencty tkcrlastet kes trgppcm.

• • •

E277

>.5.

Je`d an pcjjcts, glpassghjc ta rce`k tkc lgiglul tclpcreturc nar fes cxkeustgai (;2 ²@). 

• • •

XCPC] EJEXL.

]kc swgt`kgif ann pra`css trgffcrcm hy ei ejerl mcpcims ai tkc le`kgic‗s prcvgaus stetc, gts `aingfuretgai eim ai e scrgcs an cxtcriej ne`tars. Ai`c tkc ejerl pra`css kes cimcm, tkc uigt `ei hc rchaatcm entcr kevgif rcvgscm tkc ejerl tehjc eim tedci tkc ic`cssery lcesurcs.

Mrewgif >7

3=

 

E^CX]GPPCLCI]P  MEIFCX CI FÇIÇXEJ 

AHJGFE]GAIP  JGXC JCP LEISCJP M'GIP]XS@]GAIP 

Jgscz ettcitgvclcit jcs leiucjs naurigs evc` j'eppercgj eveit j'gistejjetgai ct utgjgsetgai, utgjgsetgai, paur sevagr `allcit ci tgrcr jc lcgjjcur pertg ct j‗utgjgscr ci tautc sç`urgtç.  @ct eppercgj pcut ïtrc utgjgsç per mcs cineits â pertgr mc ; eis ct mcs pcrsa pcrsaiics iics saunnrei saunnreitt m‗ui keimg`ep pkysgquc (scisargcj au lcitej jçfcr, au i‗eyeit pes sunngsellcit m‗cxpçrgci`c ct mc `aiiegssei`cs), saus survcgjjei`c au â `aimgtgai qu‗gjs egcit rcæu uic narletgai eppraprgçc paur utgjgscr j‗eppercgj mc leigërc sôrc ct qu‗gjs sagcit `ais`gcits mcs rgsqucs qu‗gj citreéic. Jcs cineits ic magvcit pes oaucr evc` j‗eppercgj. Jc icttayefc ct j‗citrctgci â cnnc`tucr per j‗utgjgsetcur   ic magvcit pes ïtrc rçejgsçs per mcs j‗utgjgsetcur cineits seis survcgjjei`c.  Je partc vgtrçc ct pjusgcurs pertgcs mc j‗eppercgj pcuvcit mcvcigr trës `keumcs.  E]]CI]GAI !  Ic pes auvrgr !  je partc queim j‗eppercgj cst ci nai`tgaiiclcit.  

33

 

PALLEGXC 5.

GI]XAMS@]GAI.  GI]XAMS@]GAI.  5.5. MC]EGJ MS REIICES MC @ALLEIMCP. 5.8. @AIIC[GAI C] PWI@KXAIGPE]GAI MS RAÏJC. 5.0. E RXCIMXC CI @ALR]C USC… 5.=. Ç@XEI RXGI@GREJ. 5.3. JC@]SXC MCP LCPPEFCP. 5.>. XCFJEFCP LCIS.  LCIS. 

Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc

36 36 3; 3; 3; 3; 37

8.

C]E]P MS RAÏJC.

Refc

37

0.

S]GJGPE]GAI MS @JE^GCX.  @JE^GCX.  0.5. EJJSLEFC.  EJJSLEFC.  0.8. EXXÏ]. EXXÏ].   0.0. E@]G^CX AS MCPE@]G^CX JC HJA@EFC MS @JE^GCX.  @JE^GCX.  0.=. @KAG[ MC JEIFSC.  JEIFSC.  0.3. @KEIFCLCI] MC @ALHSP]GHJC.  @ALHSP]GHJC.  0.>. XCFJEFCP ANNPC]P.  ANNPC]P.  0.6. LAMC MC NAI@]GAIICLCI].  NAI@]GAIICLCI].  0.6.5. LAMC RSGPPEI@C.  RSGPPEI@C.  0.6.8 LAMC ]CLRCXE]SXC. 0.6.0 LAMC M½REIIEFC. 0.; E@]G^CX / MÇPE@]G^CX @EJCIMXGCX. 0.7 RXAFXELLE]GAI @EJCIMXGCX @JE^GCX. 0.52.  ^GPSEJGPE]GAI MCP MAIICCP CI ]CLRP XÇCJ. 0.52. 0.55.  ^GPSEJGPE]GAI P@KÇLE KWMXESJGUSC. (LAMËJCP CES SIGUSCLCI]). 0.55. 0.58.  PÇJC@]GAI LAMC E@P / @KESNNEFC. (LAMËJCP CES SIGUSCLCI]). 0.58.

Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc

>2 >2 >2 >2 >2 >2 >2 >5 >5 >5 >5 >8 >8 >8 >8 >0

=.

@AIIC[GAI ES RACJC MCRSGP SI MGPRAPG]GN RCXLC]]EI] JE @AIIC[GAI VgNg.

Refc

>0

3.

GI]CXNE@C C@ANAXCP]. 3.5. Ç@XEI RXGI@GREJ.  RXGI@GREJ.  3.5.5. JC@]SXC MC LCPPEFCP.  LCPPEFCP.  3.8. @AINGFSXE]GAI MC JE JEIFSC, MS NSPCES KAXEGXC C] PCJC@]GAI LAMC E@P / @KESNNEFC (LAMËJCP CES SIGUSCLCI]). 3.0. PÇJC@]GAI MS @EXHSXEI]. 3.=. LCIS ^GPSEJGPE]GAI MCP MAIIÇCP. 3.3. LAMCP MC NAI@]GAIICLCI]. 3.3.5. LAMC RSGPPEI@C. 3.3.8 LAMC ]CLRÇXE]SXC. 3.3.0. LAMC MÇREIEFC. 3.>. LCIS ANNPC].  ANNPC].  3.6. RXAFXELLE]GAI @EJCIMXGCX VCH. 3.6.5. LAMCJCP MC RXAFXELLE]GAI. 3.6.8. RXAFXELLE]GAI KCHMALEMEGXC E^C@ LAMCJCP. 3.; ^GPSEJGPE]GAI VCH P@KÇLE KWMXESJGUSC (LAMËJCP CES SIGUSCLCI]). SIGUSCLCI]). 3.7. @AIIC[GAI Â GI]CXIC] (CEPWIC]). 3.7.5 E^CX]GPPCLCI]P C] XC@ALLEIME]GAIP. 3.7.8 @AINGFSXE]GÐI. 3.7.0 E@@ËP MCRSGP GI]CXIC]. 3.7.= XC@SRCXCX JC XCPCES VgNg AXGFGIEJ.

Refc Refc Refc Refc

>= >= >= >3

Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc Refc

>3 >> >> >6 >6 >7 62 62 68 68 68 6> 6> 6> 6> 6;

EJEXLCP.  EJEXLCP.  >.5. MÇLEXXEFC EJEXLC.

Refc Refc

6; ;2

>

3>

 

5.  5. 

GI]XAMS@]GAI. 5.5.  5.5. 

MC]EGJ MS REIICES MC @ALLEIMCP.

  

Enng`kcur. Hautai rctaur / lauvclcit feu`kc. Hautai euflcitetgai / keut.

   

Hautai / lauvclcit mragtc. Hautai eveit rçmu`tgai / hes. Hautai ler`kc ‐ errït / `aingrletgai. Xç`cptcur ginreraufcs (mçse`tgvç).

Ngfurc 5

      

Enng`kcur â `rgsteux jgqugmcs. Naurigt mcs ginarletgais sur j'çtet mu païjc ct rcnjëtc jcs e`tgais quc iaus rçejgsais sur jc tehjceu mc `alleimc. Jc rçtra-ç`jegrefc mc j'enng`kcur sc mçse`tgvc eprës 02 sc`aimcs seis prcsscr eu`uic tau`kc sur jc tehjceu mc `alleimc. Hautai rctaur (). Rcrlct m'e``çmcr eu lciu mc vgsuejgsetgai mc maiiçcs au lauvclcit feu`kc meis jcs g`ýics meis jcs mgnnçrcits Xçmugt jcsjevejcurs jc `urscur. Hautaiau euflcitetgai / keutlcius. ( ). Euflcitc vejcurmeis saukegtçc mc pugssei`c ct/au tclpçreturc scjai jc lamc mc nai`tgaiiclcit (R, ] au C) ct mçpje`c je sçjc`tgai vcrs jc keut meis jcs lcius. Hautai eveit (). Rcrlct m'e``çmcr eu lciu mc rçfjefcs ct mc rcvcigr â j'ç`rei prgi`gpej mcpugs jcs lcius seis rçejgscr mcs lamgng`etgais. Euflcitc jcs vejcurs meis jc `urscur. Hautai rçmu`tgai / hes (). Xçmugt je vejcur saukegtçc mc pugssei`c ct/au tclpçreturc scjai jc lamc mc nai`tgaiiclcit (R, ] au C) ct mçpje`c je sçjc`tgai vcrs jc hes meis jcs lcius. Hautai ler`kc ‐ errït (). Ejjulc ct çtcgit jc païjc mcpugs j'ç`rei prgi`gpej. Meis jcs mgnnçrcits lcius, gj e je nai`tgai mc `aingrlcr. Xç`cptcur ginreraufcs. Xcæagt jc sgfiej civayç per tçjç`alleimc. Mçse`tgvç. MGLCIPGAIP (LL)?

Ngfurc 8 

5.8.

@AIIC[GAI C] PWI@KXAIGPE]GAI MS RAÏJC.

Jarsquc jc païjc e çtç gistejjç, `allc gimgquç meis jc leiucj m‗gistejjetgai ct legitciei`c,* mgspaighjcs sur iatrc sgtc wch www.c`anarcst.cs, j'çjc`traigquc scre apçretgaiicj ci lagis mc =2 sc`aimcs mcpugs jc lalcit mu re``armclcit mu païjc eu rçsceu çjc`trgquc.

36

 

 



Ç`rei mc mçlerrefc mu `jevgcr. ^crsgai `jevgcr.

Ngfurc 0  * Iaus vaus reppcjais quc taus jcs leiucjs m'gistru`tgais â oaur sait mgspaighjcs sur iatrc sgtc wch. Je vejgmgtç mu mcrigcr leiucj m'gistru`tgais scre `cjjc qug prçveumre.

5.0

 RXCIMXC CI @ALR]C USC… Jcs `keifclcits pcimeit j'utgjgsetgai ct `aingfuretgai mu païjc pcuvcit ïtrc cnnc`tuçs sglujteiçlcit mcpugs jc `jevgcr au taut eutrc mgspasgtgn VgNg `aiic`tç eu païjc. Pcujc je mcrigërc lamgng`etgai scre prgsc ci `alptc, gimçpcimellcit `alptc,  gimçpcimellcit mu mgspasgtgn â pertgr muqucj je lamgng`etgai egt çtç rçejgsçc. @crtegics `aingfuretgais ic pcuvcit ïtrc rçejgsçcs qu'â trevcrs uic `aiicxgai VgNg ct cjjcs magvcit ïtrc negtcs per ui pcrsaiicj eutargsç (pratçfçcs evc` ui lat mc pessc) evc` je le`kgic ci errït ct seis ejerlcs (çtet 2). @g-eprës, jcs mgnnçrcitcs `aingfuretgais ?

Lamëjcs egr  Pteimhy  Pteimhy  elhgcit  elhgcit evc` saimc. AI/ANN per tkcrlastet cxtcric.  AI/ANN

•

•

•

• • • • • •

5.=.

        

Lamëjcs ceu  @aingfuretgai @aingfuretgai mc s`kçles kymreujgqucs. Pteimhy  elhgeit  elhgeit evc` saimc.  Pteimhy  AI/ANN per tkcrlastet cxtcric.  AI/ANN  Pystëlc Pystëlc eitghja`efc. Pystëlc kars fcj.  Pystëlc  Pystëlc Pystëlc eitg-jçfgaiicjjc. @aitrýjc sgjas cxtcrics (scjai jc lamëjc).  @aitrýjc

Ç@XEI RXGI@GREJ.

Herrc mc jc`turc mc lcssefcs. Lamc R, ] au C. Çtet (vagr `kepgtrc 8 mc `c leiucj  leiucj  ‚Ctets mu  païjc“).  païjc “). Igvceu mc pugssei`c / ]clpçreturc saukegtçc. @jevgcr hjaquç. @ejcimrgcr kehgjgtç. Lamc E@P / @keunnefc (LAMËJCP CES). ]clpçreturc saimc m'elhgei`c. Ç`rei prgi`gpej. Ngfurc = 

5.3.  JC@]SXC MCP LCPPEFCP.

  

Lcssefc mc sç`urgtç (I a E[[[). * Lamc mc nai`tgaiiclcit  nai`tgaiiclcit (R, L au C). ** Cstema mc nai`tgaiiclcit. ***

* Ejerlcs (E[[[) (pagit > ). ** Rugssei`c, tclpçreturc au urfci`c pagit 0.6.5 , 0.6.8 ct 0.6.0  rcspc`tgvelcit. *** Mgnnçrcits çtets eu pagit 8.

Ngfurc 3 

3;

 

5.>.

XCFJEFCP LCIS.

 G`aic m'e``ës â `aingfuretgai. @kagx mc jeifuc. Cspefiaj (per mçneut) (>

 mgspaighjcs)  Lamc mc nai`tgaiiclcit (R, L au C)  ]cst mc latcurs (mcstgiçs eu P.E.].)

^gsuejgsetgai s`kçle kymreujgquc. (LAMËJCP

 CES).

Pçjc`tgai lamc E@P / @keunnefc. (LAMËJCP

 CES).  Rrafrelletgai `ejcimrgcr `jevgcr. Pçjc`tgai mc `alhustghjc. Rcjjct (per mçneut),

 iayeu m'ajgvc au `aqugjjcs m'eleimc.  Xçfjefc mc mgnnçrcits ‛annscts‗.  Xctaur â j'ç`rei prgi`gpej.

8.  8. 

Ngfurc >

C]E]P MS RAÏJC.

Mcpugs sai re``armclcit eu rçsceu çjc`trgquc, jc païjc `keifcre m‗çtet scjai je prafrelletgai ct `alleimcs mc j'utgjgsetcur, ci emepteit sai nai`tgaiiclcit eux `aimgtgais glpasçcs â `kequc lalcit. Gj cst passghjc mc vçrgngcr j‗çtet mu païjc, eussg hgci mcpugs jc `jevgcr quc mcpugs j'gitcrne`c wch m'ui mgspasgtgn VgNg, ci vgsuejgseit je `aujcur mc j'g`ýic j'g` ýic `arrcspaimeit au ci vçrgngeit jc iulçra mc j'çtet sur j'ç`rei mc vgsuejgsetgai mcs maiiçcs.   @jevgcr ? @aujcur g`aic (pagit  mcs s`kçles =  ct 3) au hgci ci vçrgngeit je vejcur iulçrgquc (s`kçle 82 mu `kepgtrcs 0.52 ).   Gitcrne`c Vch ? G`ýic  (s`kçle 02) mc j'ç`rei prgi`gpej au sur je vgsuejgsetgai mcs maiiçcs ( s`kçle 0=).

•

•

G`aic ? @jevgcr Vch

@aujcur çtet

Ctet

Rra`cssus •

Xaufc

2

•

•

Oeuic

5 8 0 = 52

Hjcu `gcj

3 >

• •

• •

•

^crt

6

• •

Hjei`

; 55 -0

• •

 Raïjc Raïjc çtcgit ct prït â ïtrc lgs ci rautc.  Ci Ci eppuyeit /, j‗eppercgj ve negrc ui `aitrýjc mcs latcurs ct mc je mçprcssgai mc j‗egr pugs pra`çmcr â j'ejjulefc. @keifclcit g`ýic mu hjei` eu oeuic.  @keifclcit Raïjc ci tregi mc s‗ejjulcr evc` j‗cxtre`tcur.  Raïjc  @kutc @kutc mc `alhustghjc ct rcsgstei`c m'ejjulefc ci ler`kc paur je `alhustgai gigtgejc.  Gimgquc Gimgquc jc prç`keunnefc. Rra`cssus ra`cssus citgërclcit eutaletgsç paur ahtcigr je `alhustgai emçquetc paur  R sai nai`tgaiiclcit ujtçrgcur.  Gimgquc Gimgquc je ngi mu pra`cssus m'ejjulefc.  Xçfjefc Xçfjefc `kutc mu `alhustghjc au tclpçreturc. t clpçreturc. PG tclpçreturc pes ettcgitc ci 53 lgiutcs, j'ejerlc 77 (E277) s‗enng`kc. (^agr  PG tehjceu mcs ejerlcs (pagit >). Cxtgi`tgai mc j‗eppercgj. ^ayeit mcvgcit hjei` pugs raufc.  Cxtgi`tgai  H Hjcu jcu lergic sg eppercgj errïtç ci lamc tclpçreturc au areifc sg prçsci`c m‗ui mçneut.

37

 

Hjcu lergic

-82

•

Areifc

-=

•

 Ci Ci ettcitc mc prafrelletgai au mc tclpçreturc.

 E``alpefiç E``alpefiç mu lcssefc mc sç`urgtç. (^agr jc pagit >, ejerlcs).

 

0.  0. 

S]GJGPE]GAI MS @JE^GCX. 0.5.

EJJSLEFC. Rrclgcr ejjulefc ? Eveit m'ejjulcr je le`kgic, elar`cr je vgs mcpugs jc lciu P.E.] ousqu'eu vcrsclcit mu `erhureit meis jc peigcr.

Ngfurc 6

0.8.

EXXÏ].  EXXÏ]. 

Ngfurc ;

0.0.

E@]G^CX AS MCPE@]G^CX JC HJA@EFC MS @JE^GCX.

Ngfurc 7

0.=.

@KAG[ MC JEIFSC.

Ngfurc 52

0.3.   0.3.

@KEIFCLCI] MC @ALHSP]GHJC.

Raur e``çmcr â `c lciu, jc païjc magt ïtrc çtcgit ct seis gimgqucr eu`uic i‗ejerlc (çtet 2).  Xcjgrc jc `kepgtrc 0 mu ‚Leiucj m'gistejjetgai ct mc legitciei`c “. Gj `aivgcit mc iatcr qu'gj cst passghjc qu'gj negjjc gitçfrcr ui e``cssagrc paur pauvagr utgjgscr ui eutrc `alhustghjc. Eveit mc rçejgscr `c `keifclcit vcugjjcz `aisujtcr vatrc mgstrghutcur.

Ngfurc 55

0.>.

XCFJEFCP ANNPC]P. @cs rçfjefcs magvcit ïtrc pai`tucjs meis je lcsurc a÷ jc païjc s'eoustc eutaletgquclcit, sg vaus mcvcz negrc ui rçfjefc `aisujtcr vatrc mgstrghutcur.

>2

 

 

Ngfurc 58

0.6.

LAMC MC NAI@]GAIICLCI]. Raur e``çmcr â `c lciu, jc païjc magt ïtrc çtcgit ct ic magt gimgqucr eu`uic ejerlc (çtet 2).  J'çjc`traigquc mgspasc mc trags lamcs mc nai`tgaiiclcit? pugssei`c, tclpçreturc ct mçpeiiefc. Raur

sçjc`tgaiicr ui mc `cs trags lamcs, vcugjjcz y e``çmcr mcpugs j'ç`rei prgi`gpej? 0.6.5. LAMC RSGPPEI@C. Jc mcfrç mc rçfujetgai ve mu igvceu 5 ousqu'eu 7, 7 çteit jc igvceu mc `kutc lexglejc mc `alhustghjc. Raur euflcitcr jc igvceu, prcsscr je një`kc supçrgcurc ( ) ct paur jc rçmugrc prcsscr je një`kc ginçrgcurc (). 

Ngfurc 50

0.6.8. LAMC ]CLRÇXE]SXC. Pg iaus `aingfurais jc lamc mc nai`tgaiiclcit ci tclpçreturc, je jcttrc R scre rclpje`çc per je jcttrc ]. Ai ic magt `aingfurcr sc lamc quc  quc  sg je saimc elhgeitc cst re``armçc au sg ui tkcrlastet jghrc mc tcisgai cst re``armç evc` sai emeptetcur. Je naur`kcttc mc rçfujetgai evc` saimc ve mc 58²@ â =2²@, `cttc mcrigërc çteit je tclpçreturc lexglejc rçfjehjc. Raur euflcitcr je tclpçreturc, prcsscr je një`kc supçrgcurc ( ) ct paur jc rçmugrc prcsscr je një`kc ginçrgcurc ().

Ngfurc 5=

Ngfurc 53

Raur ui rçfjefc pjus prç`gs mc `c lamc, vcugjjcz `aisujtcr jc pagit 3.3.8 3.3.8.. 0.6.0. LAMC MÇREIIEFC. @c lamc magt ïtrc utgjgsç uigquclcit ci `es m'urfci`c, `er gj ic survcgjjc pes je mçprcssgai m‗citrçc m'egr, je lamujetgai mu `alhustghjc4 jc `aivc`tcur nai`tgaiicre â je pugssei`c lexglejc mës jc mçhut. S]GJGPCX mçhut.  S]GJGPCX PCSJCLCI] CI @EP M'SXFCI@C C] USEIM JC PCX^G@C ]C@KIGUSC JC XCUSGCX].

Ngfurc 5>

>5

 

0.;.

E@]G^CX / MÇPE@]G^CX @EJCIMXGCX.

Ngfurc 56

0.7.

RXAFXELLE]GAI @EJCIMXGCX @JE^GCX. Eveit mc rçejgscr uic prafrelletgai mc `ejcimrgcr, vçrgngcr ct lamgngcr sg iç`cssegrc je metc ct j'kcurc e`tucjjcs. Jc `jevgcr pcrlct m'eoustcr mcpugs jc lciu jc oaur mc je sclegic, je metc (OO/LL/EE) ct j'kcurc (KK ?LL narlet 8=k) mc je @RS. Jc `jevgcr ic mgspasc pes mc `keifclcit mc zaic karegrc eutaletgquc. Rer `aisçqucit, jc `ejcimrgcr magt tauoaurs ïtrc `aingfurç per jc lïlc layci (vge `jevgcr au vge VCH), eu rgsquc m'evagr mcs prahjëlcs mc mçpkesefc karegrc s‗gj cst `aingfurç sglujteiçlcit per mcs laycis mgnnçrcits.

Ngfurc 5; 

Rcrlct m'çtehjgr uic prafrelletgai evc` ousqu'â = `rçiceux karegrcs paur `ke`ui mcs oaurs mc je sclegic. Jcs `rçiceux ait 0 `ajaiics `a jaiics `aingfurehjcs ? Kcurc mc mçlerrefc mu `rçiceu, lamc (igvceu pugssei`c, errït, sthy) ct tclpçreturc elhgeitc (ci nai`tgai mc je `aingfuretgai mc je le`kgic).

 



    

Pçjc`tgaiicr jc oaur â prafrellcr. @kequc  oaur `arrcspaim â ui lamëjc. Mu juimg eu Pelcmg (Lamëjcs 2 â 6 rcspc`tgvclcit) E`tgvc au mçse`tgvc jc `ejcimrgcr. @apgc jc lamëjc mu oaur sçjc`tgaiiç â ? JSI-MGL Oaur prç`gs.  ]AS ]aus jcs oaurs. Oaurs mc je sclegic (Juimg â PCL ^cimrcmg)  VDI Vccd-cim (Pelcmg ct Mglei`kc)  E`tgvc au mçse`tgvc je `apgc mu lamëjc. ]¿ elhgeitc prçrçfjçc mc `kequc `rçiceu karegrc. Çtcgit.  IA  Pugt jc `rçiceu prç`çmcit. ?22 27?22 5>?02 80?32

  

 Ngfurc 57

^GPSEJGPE]GAI MCP MAIICCP CI ]CLRP XÇCJ.

Ngfurc 82 

0.55.

ANN

^GPSEJGPE]GAI P@KÇLE KWMXESJGUSC. (LAMËJCP CES SIGUSCLCI]).

Ngfurc 85 

>8

 

@keunnefc

E@P + @keunnefc

C@P + Hejjai telpai

Hejjai telpai

Ngfurc 88 

Ngfurc 80 

Ngfurc 8= 

Ngfurc 83 

      0.58.

^ejcur ci tclps rçcj. Lamgngehjc per j'utgjgsetcur. Lamgngehjc per P.E.]. ]¿ ceu mçpert. ]¿ ceu rctaur. ]¿ elhgeitc/hejjai telpai. Xçfjefc t¿ elhgeitc / hejjai telpai. Xçfjefc t¿ C@P. ]¿ hejjai C@P.

PÇJC@]GAI LAMC E@P / @KESNNEFC. (LAMËJCP CES SIGUSCLCI]).

Raur e``çmcr â `c lciu, jc païjc magt ïtrc çtcgit ct ic magt gimgqucr eu`uic ejerlc (çtet 2).  Sigquclcit paur jcs `keumgërcs mait j'çjc`traigquc fërc E@P + @keunnefc eu layci mc veiic mc 0 vagcs.

Ngfurc 8> 

Petgsnegt E@P ct `keunnefc. Rrgargtç E@P. Petgsnegt uigquclcit `keunnefc. Petgsnegt uigquclcit E@P.

=.  =. 

@AIIC[GAI ES RACJC MCRSGP SI MGPRAPG]GN RCXLC]]EI] JE @AIIC[GAI VgNg.

Gj neut `aiieétrc j'gmcitgng`etgai mu rçsceu VgNg mu païjc (PPGM) ct jc lat mc pessc mu rçsceu. Gjs sc trauvcit sur ui euta`ajjeit (cxclpjc Ngfurc 86). Jc lat mc pessc mu rçsceu Vg-Ng mu païjc cst mgspaighjc sur? • • •

    

  Refc 5 meis `c leiucj.   Â `ýtç mc j'euta`ajjeit evc` jc i¿ mc sçrgc mc j‗eppercgj.   Pur je @RS mc j‗eppercgj. PI? I¿ sçrgc @RS - Ial - Stgjgsetcur. PPGM? Xçsceu VgNg argfgiej. RVM? Lat mc pessc mu rçsceu VgNg. Lat mc pessc pefc wch païjc (; `kgnnrcs). IC]? Rart m‗emrcssefc. Ngfurc 86

Gj neut `kcr`kcr ct çtehjgr uic `aiicxgai evc` jc rçsceu VgNg mu païjc, ct paur `cje gj sunngt m'gitramugrc jc lat mc pessc ngfureit sur j'euta`ajjeit, ci rcspc`teit taus jcs `ere`tërcs ejpkeiulçrgqucs mu lat mc pessc egisg quc jcs leous`ujcs ct jcs lgius`ujcs.

>0

 

Sic nags je `aiicxgai çtehjgc, gitramugrc meis jc ievgfetcur wch mu mgspasgtgn j'emrcssc SXJ? kttp?//578.5>;.0.5   kttp?//578.5>;.0.5

Ngfurc 8;

Ci e``çmeit â j'gitcrne`c C`anarcst, ai pcut iaus mcleimcr uic eutkcitgng`etgai.

 

PI? I¿ sçrgc @RS - Ial - Stgjgsetcur. Lat mc pessc pefc wch païjc (; `kgnnrcs).

Ngfurc 87 

Pg ui lïlc mgspasgtgn cst utgjgsç sur pjusgcurs rçsceux (païjc, VgNg mc je legsai, VgNg trevegj, ct`.) gj neumre s'essurcr m'ïtrc `aiic`tç eu rçsceu VgNg mu païjc paur pauvagr cnnc`tucr mcs apçretgais sur jc païjc. 

3.  3. 

GI]CXNE@C C@ANAXCP]. 3.5.   3.5.

          

Ç@XEI RXGI@GREJ.

Ç`rei prgi`gpej. Jc`turc mc lcssefcs. AI / ANN @aingfuretgai/ rçfjefcs. Pçjc`tgai mu `alhustghjc. Euflcitetgai-mglgiutgai mc `alhustghjc au tclpçreturc. Rrafrelletgai m‗ejjulefc/cxtgi`tgai ]clpçreturc gitçrgcurc mc je legsai. ]clpçreturc m‗elhgei`c prafrellçc. Nusceu karegrc, jeifuc ct lamc E@P / @keunnefc (LAMËJCP CES). Lamc E@P / @keunnefc (LAMËJCP CES). Ngfurc 02 

3.5.5.   JC@]SXC MC LCPPEFCP. 3.5.5.

     

@aingfuretgais. Lamc mc nai`tgaiiclcit  nai`tgaiiclcit (R, L au C)* Jafa C`anarcst. Lcssefc mc sç`urgtç. (I au Exx)** Metc e`tucjjc. Kcurc e`tucjjc. * Ragit 3.3. pugssei`c, tclpçreturc au urfci`c. ** Ragit > Ejerlcs (E[[[).

   

 

R

I

05/26/825= 57?28 Ngfurc 05

>=

 

3.8.  3.8. 

@AINGFSXE]GAI MC JE JEIFSC, MS NSPCES KAXEGXC C] PCJC@]GAI LAMC E@P / @KESNNEFC (LAMËJCP CES SIGUSCLCI]).

Ci usgic, taus jcs pramugts sait rçfjçs sur jc nusceu karegrc mc j‗Cspefic (Curapc/Lemrgm). Je jeifuc per mçneut cst j‗cspefiaj.

    

G`ýic m‗e``ës eu `kagx mc je jeifuc. Nusceu karegrc *. Jeifuc. Pçjc`tgai lamc E@P / @keunnefc (LAMËJCP CES)**. Xctaur â j‗ç`rei prgi`gpej.

* Jc nusceu karegrc magt tauoaurs ïtrc jc lïlc quc `cjug mu païjc. ** Sigquclcit paur jcs `keumgërcs mait

j'çjc`traigquc fërc E@P + @keunnefc eu layci mc veiic mc 0 vagcs.  Ngfurc 08 

3.0.   3.0.

PÇJC@]GAI MS @EXHSXEI].

Raur e``çmcr â `c lciu, jc païjc magt ïtrc çtcgit ct ic magt gimgqucr eu`uic ejerlc (çtet 2).  @aisujtcr jc `kepgtrc 0 mu ‚Leiucj ‚Leiucj m'gistejjetgai ct mc legitciei`c“ legitciei`c“ jcs `ere`tçrgstgqucs mu `erhureit â utgjgscr, egisg quc jc hcsagi mc laitefc m'ui e``cssagrc lç`eigquc, jc `es ç`kçeit. Jc `erhureit sçjc`tgaiiç scre ci`emrç ci raufc.

    

Pçjc`tgai mu `alhustghjc *.  Iayeux m'Ajgvc. @aquc m‗eleimc. Rcjjct. Xctaur â j‗ç`rei prgi`gpej.

* Pg j‗ai sçjc`tgaiic ui `alhustghjc eutrc quc jc  pcjjct, ui lcssefc m‗evcrtgssclcit m‗evcrtgssclcit s‗enng`kc.

Ngfurc 00 

3.=.   3.=.

        

LCIS ^GPSEJGPE]GAI MCP MAIIÇCP.

G`ýic m‗e``ës â je vgsuejgsetgai mcs maiiçcs. Ç`rei mc vgsuejgsetgai mcs maiiçcs. Xctaur â j‗ç`rei prgi`gpej. @ain. Lamc nai`tgaiiclcit ct s`kçles kymreujgqucs (lamëjcs ceu). (PE]). E``ës eu s`kçle kymreujgquc `aingfurç. Lciu annsct. Lciu PE]. @aiicxgai Gitcrict. CEPWIC]. Ginarletgai jafg`gcj. Ngfurc 0=

Lcssefc sur j‗ç`rei ]clp. saimc I]@

Mcs`rgptgai ]clpçreturc mçtc`tçc per jc nai`tgaiiclcit mu `aivc`tcur (lamëjcs m‗egr) au jc `gr`ugt m‗ceu

Fremc. -52 â 62²@ lamëjcs m‗egr. -52 â ;0²@ meis j‗ceu

>3

 

Rrclgcr igvceu m‗egr mcp.

(lamëjc m‗ceu).  ]clpçreturc mc je sartgc mcs fezcs. ]clpçreturc gitcric mc je @RS ]clpçreturc elhgeitc, scujclcit sg je saimc m‗elhgeitc cst `aiic`tçc. Raur`citefc mc tcisgai (sur je hesc mu rçsceu çjc`trgquc) rcæu per j‗cxtre`tcur mc je sartgc mcs fezcs. Raur`citefc mc tcisgai (sur je hesc mu rçsceu çjc`trgquc) rcæu per jc vcitgjetcur mc `aivc`tgai. @‗cst je mçprcssgai mçtc`tçc meis jc tuyeu m'emlgssgai mc j'egr ^ejcur lçlargsçc per jc nehrg`eit.

Çtet

Çtet mc nai`tgaiiclcit *

Igvceu pugssei`c

Igvceu mc `kutc mc `alhustghjc.

Ejjulefcs

Iulçra m‗ejjulefcs mu païjc.

]clpçreturc mcs fez ]clpçreturc mc @RS ]clpçreturc elhgeitc ^gtcssc mc j‗cxtre`tcur ^gtcssc mu `aivc`tcur Mçp. m'citrçc m'egr

Nai`tgaiiclcit tatej ]. pcjjct AI ]. pcjjct ANN Xçsgstei`c m‗ejjulefc Rrcssgai mc j‗ceu

@allc sai ial lïlc j'gimgquc, kcurcs mc nai`tgaiiclcit mu païjc. Pc`aimcs pcimeit jcsqucjs jc latcur nai`tgaiic seis gitcrruptgai. ]clps pcimeit jcqucj jc latcur cst errïtç seis gitcrruptgai Ejjulefc (5) au errït mc je rçsgstei`c (2). Rrcssgai mc j‗ceu meis jc `gr`ugt kymreujgquc (scujclcit lamëjcs m‗ceu).

Lamëjc

Lamëjc mc iatrc païjc.

-52 â 832²@, scjai lamëjc. -52 â >3²@ -52 â =2²@ 2 â 522% 2 â 522% 2 â 532 Re (scjai lamëjc). 62 â 532 Re (scjai lamëjc).  lamëjc).  Mc -= â 82 (`aisujtcr evc` jc PE]). Mu 5 eu 7 Ejjulefcs `alptehgjgsçs mc j‗çtet 2. Kcurcs `alptehgjgsçcs mc j‗çtet 2. Gj vergc ci nai`tgai mu igvceu mc pugssei`c.  Gj vergc ci nai`tgai mc je quejgtç mu `erhureit. mu Gj vergc mc 2 â 5 . Rrcssgai mc j‗ceu ci hers Gj vergc ci nai`tgai mu lamëjc.

Lcssefc m‗ejerlc.

Lamc mc nai`tgaiiclcit per pugssei`c (R), tclpçreturc (]) au urfci`c (C). Iulçra mc sçrgc mc je @RS, gimgquç eussg sur j'çtgqucttc mc je @RS. Lcssefc m‗ejerlc (Exx).

@erhureit

Rcjjct

Rcjjcts, iayeux, `aqucs m‗eleimc.

^crsgai mc jafg`gcj

^crsgai mc jafg`gcj mc je @RS

Gj vergc ci nai`tgai mc je @RS.

VG-NG

C`anarcst[[[[[[[[

PPGM mu païjc

Lamc `aitrýjc Iulçra mc sçrgc mc je @RS

3.3.  3.3. 

^agr pagit 8.> ct sugveits Gj vergc ci nai`tgai mc je @RS. ^agr jc tehjceu mcs ejerlcs.

LAMCP MC NAI@]GAIICLCI].

Raur e``çmcr â `c lciu, jc païjc magt ïtrc çtcgit ct ic magt gimgqucr eu`uic ejerlc (çtet 2).  J'çjc`traigquc e trags lamcs mc nai`tgaiiclcit, je pugssei`c, je tclpçreturc ct j'urfci`c. Raur trauvcr j'clpje`clcit mc j'g`ýic, iaus pauvais vagr je  ngfurc 03. @c qug sugt cxpjgquc frepkgquclcit `allcit sçjc`tgaiicr mcs lçtkamcs gimgquçcs.

     

G`aia mc e``csa e `aingfure`gði. Pcjc``gði mc lama mc nui`gaielgcita.  Mgstgitas lamas mc nui`gaielgcita. Xcfrcsa e lciÿ eitcrgar. @aingfure`gði mcj lama mc nui`gaielgcita. (PE]). Xcfrcsa e peitejje prgi`gpej. Ngfurc 03 

>>

 

3.3.5.   LAMC RSGPPEI@C. 3.3.5.  Lamc Lamc mc nai`tgaiiclcit `aingfurç per jc nehrg`eit.  Rassghgjgtç Rassghgjgtç mc sçjc`tgaiicr pjus au lagis mc `kutc mc `alhustghjc evc` « + ´ ct « - ´.

•

Lamc R? Rugssei`c.

Lamc R? Rugssei`c.

•

• •

Igvceux mc rçfujetgai vait mc 5 â 7.  Igvceux  7 cst jc igvceu mc `kutc lexglejc mc `alhustghjc.

3.3.8.   LAMC ]CLRÇXE]SXC. 3.3.8. Lama ] ? ]clpçreturc. (Lamëjcs egr) Lamc ] ? ]clpçreturc. (Lamëjcs ceu)

Lamc ]? ]clpçreturc.

 Lcgjjcur Lcgjjcur lamc paur trevegjjcr ci nai`tgai mc je tclpçreturc elhgeitc. ^ejcur mc je `kutc mc `alhustghjc rclpje`çc per uic tclpçreturc mc `aisgfic.  ^ejcur  GjGj neut `aiic`tcr je saimc mc tclpçreturc elhgeitc paur pauvagr utgjgscr `c lamc.

• • •

 ^ejcur ^ejcur mc `kutc mu `alhustghjc rclpje`çc per uic tclpçreturc mc `aisgfic au per mcs estçrgsqucs ci nai`tgai mu s`kçle kymreujgquc.

•

•

Igvceux mc rçfujetgai vait mc 58²@ â =2²@, =2 çteit je tclpçreturc lexglejc  Igvceux

•

rçfjehjc. Raur e`tgvcr `c lamc rcstcz eppuyç sur j'g`ýic mc rçfjefcs mc j'ç`rei prgi`gpej,  Raur `allc gimgquç sur je ngfurc 0>.

Raur e`tgvcr jc lamc tclpçreturc iaus mcvais `aitgiucr â eppuycr sur j'g`ýic mc `aingfuretgai sur j'ç`rei prgi`gpej, `allc gimgquç per je ngfurc 0>.

  

Pçjc`tgai mu lamc tclpçreturc. G`ýic m'e``ës â je `aingfuretgai.  Lat mc pessc (PE]).

Ngfurc 0>

LAMCJCP EGX. Ci gitramugseit ial m'utgjgsetcur ct lat mc pessc ai e``ëmc â j'ç`rei mc sçjc`tgai mu typc ct mc je nai`tgai mu `eptcur. J‗aptgai « Eu`ui´ cst sçjc`tgaiiçc per jc nehrg`eit. Gj neut e`tgvcr je nai`tgai tclpçreturc ci s‗essureit quc je saimc mc tclpçreturc sagt `aiic`tçc eu part mc `alluig`etgai (MH7). Ai pcut utgjgscr jcs ç`erts mc tclpçreturc quc sg j‗cimragt a÷ sc sgtuc j‗eppercgj cst hgci gsajç. Jc nai`tgaiiclcit cst trës sglpjc, ci `aingfureit je tclpçreturc mc trevegj mcs lamëjcs mc prafrelletgai, lïlc ci sçjc`tgaiieit mcs tclpçreturcs mgnnçrcitcs paur `kequc kcurc mc trevegj, j‗eppercgj ve `kcr`kcr je tclpçreturc spç`gngçc.

>6

 

 

  

E`tgvetgai mu typc mc `eptcur. ` eptcur. @aingfuretgai @aingfuretg ai mu mgnnçrcitgcj mc tclpçreturc. @keifcr mc lamc lgiglul â ai / ann. Ngfurc 06

ai jc e`tgvc j‗ejjulefc per tclpçreturc, gj neut `aingfurcr mcs ç`erts mc tclpçreturc paur ejjulcrUueim ct errïtcr païjc. @c lamc ct mc j‗errït nai`tgaiiclcit cst rc`alleimç scujclcit meis jcs legsais hgci gsajçcs.

 

E`tgvetgai mc je nai`tgai Ai / Ann.  @aingfuretgai mu mgnnçrcitgcj mc tclpçreturc paur ejjulcr/errïtcr jc païjc.

Ngfurc 0;

LAMCJCP CES. Sicper nagsmçneut, jc ialrçfjç m‗utgjgsetcur jc `cjug lat mc segsgs, zaic. j‗ç`reiJcs mcmgnnçrcits sçjc`tgai typcs mu s`kçle kymreujgquc s‗enng`kc. Jc s`kçle ci usgic,ctcst mc pessc typc sglpjc mc s`kçles sait prçscitçs eu eu pagit  pagit 3.; .

   

P`kçle kymreujgquc. Pçjc`tgai mc je saimc au mu tkcrlastet mc tclpçreturc elhgeitc. Pçjc`tgai m‗ui `eptcur au mc mcux `eptcurs. E``ës â je `aingfuretgai mu s`kçle (P.E.]). Ngfurc 07

Gj neut mçngigr je tclpçreturc mc trevegj meis jc lamëjc mu s`kçle kymreujgquc. Gj cst passghjc mc sçjc`tgaiicr uic tclpçreturc mgnnçrcitc paur `kequc kcurc mc trevegj. Jc systëlc çjc`traigquc `kcr`kc eutaletgquclcit â ettcgimrc je tclpçreturc vaujuc.

  

Rertgc mu s`kçle kymreujgquc. @aingfuretgai @aingfuretg ai mu mgnnçrcitgcj mc tclpçreturc. Resscr mu lamc lgiglul â ler`kc/errït.

Ngfurc =2

Uuei Jarsqu‗ai e`tgvc j‗ejjulefc ct j‗errït per tclpçreturc mu païjc, ai magt `aingfurcr jcs ç`erts mc tclpçreturc. @c lamc mc nai`tgaiiclcit cst rc`alleimç scujclcit paur jcs legsais hgci gsajçcs.

>;

 

 

   

Rertgc mu s`kçle kymreujgquc. @aingfuretgai @aingfuretg ai mu mgnnçrcitgcj mc tclpçreturc.  E`tgvetgai mc je nai`tgai ler`kc/errït. @aingfuretgai mu mgnnçrcitgcj mc tclpçreturc paur je ler`kc/j‗errït.

Ngfurc =5

NAI@]GAIICLCI] C] @ALRAX]CLCI] MCP @AINGFSXE]GAIP MC PAIMC M'ELHGEI@C. Frepkgquc m'cxclpjc mc `aitrýjc per saimc m'elhgei`c evc` aptgai "Ejjulcr/Çtcgimrc mçse`tgvçc?

     

J‗utgjgsetcur ejjulc jc païjc leiucjjclcit. ]clpçreturc `ghjc sçjc`tgaiiçc meis jc lciu prgi`gpej.

Ν]@5 per mçneut 5²@ (vagr ngfurcs (vagr ngfurcs 06 au =2). 

Gj `keifc eu igvceu 5 (lgiglul). Gj `keifc eu igvceu mc nai`tgaiiclcit 7. J‗utgjgsetcur errïtc jc païjc leiucjjclcit. Ngfurc =8 

Frepkgquc m'cxclpjc mc `aitrýjc per saimc m'elhgei`c evc` aptgai "Ejjulcr/Çtcgimrc“ e`tgvçc?

        

J‗utgjgsetcur ejjulc jc païjc leiucjjclcit. tclpçreturc `ghjc sçjc`tgaiiçc meis jc lciu prgi`gpej. 

Ν]@5 per mçneut 5²@ (vagr ngfurcs (vagr ngfurcs 0; au =5). 

Gj `keifc eu igvceu 5 (lgiglul). Gj `keifc eu igvceu mc nai`tgaiiclcit 7. Ν]@ANN mgnnçrci`c mc tclpçreturcs paur errïtcr jc païjc.

Errïtcr jc païjc ci nai`tgai mc je tclpçreturc elhgeitc. Ν]@AI mgnnçrci`c mc tclpçreturcs paur ejjulcr jc païjc.

Ejjulefc â je mcleimc mc je tclpçreturc.   Ngfurc =0

Jarsquc jc païjc cst çtcgit, qucj quc sagt jc lamc mc tclpçreturc ct cst prës m'ïtrc rcmçlerrç paur je tclpçreturc, iaus ejjais vagr sur j'ç`rei prgi`gpej `allc sugt ? Hjcu lergic

 G`ýic G`ýic hjcu lergic gimgquc quc jc païjc cst errïtç ci ettcimeit m‗ïtrc ejjulç, sagt per prafrelletgai au ci nai`tgai mc je tclpçreturc.

•

3.3.0. LAMC MÇREIIEFC. @c lamc magt ïtrc utgjgsç uigquclcit ci `es m'urfci`c, `er gj ic survcgjjc pes je mçprcssgai m‗citrçc m'egr, je lamujetgai mu `erhureit 4 jc `aivc`tcur nai`tgaiicre â je pugssei`c lexglejc mës jc mçhut.  S]GJGPCX PCSJCLCI] CI @EP M'SXFCI@C C] USEIM JC PCX^G@C ]C@KIGUSC ]C@KIGUSC JC XCUSGCX].

>7

 

 

  

G`ýic m'e``ës â je `aingfuretgai. G`ýic mc sçjc`tgai mu lamc mc nai`tgaiiclcit.

Lamc m‗urfci`c.

Ngfurc ==

Lamc C? Srfci`c. 3.>.   3.>.

   

S]GJGPCX PCSJCLCI] CI @EP M'SXFCI@C C] USEIM JC PCX^G@C ]C@KIGUSC JC XCUSGCX].

LCIS ANNPC].

G`ýic m'e``ës eu lciu annsct. Igvceu pugssei`c mc mçlerrefc. Lamgngcr annsct. (P.E.]). Lciu icttayefc (lamëjcs ceu). (P.E.]). 

Ngfurc =3

3.6.  3.6. 

RXAFXELLE]GAI @EJCIMXGCX VCH.

Jc païjc pcut ïtrc prafrellç ci utgjgseit neæai kchmalemegrc eu layci mc lamëjcs prçmçngigs rciauvcjehjcs mcs lamëjcs, prafrelletgais frevçcs m'usgic, citgërclcit `aingfurehjcs per j'utgjgsetcur, au citgërclcit pcrsaiiejgsç ci sçjc`tgaiieit je pjefc m'kcurcs, tclpçreturc ct `kutc mu igvceu mc `erhureit. Iaus pauvais prafrellcr keste 72 oaurs â `alptcr mc je metc e`tucjjc. @cttc prafrelletgai scre tauoaurs negtc frepkgquclcit ci mçngigsseit jcs trags perelëtrcs repgmclcit ct ne`gjclcit. Â `ct cnnct, iaus mcvais `jgqucr sur j'g`ýic ci narlc mc `ejcimrgcr. Sic nags je prafrelletgai mçsgrçc cst negtc, evc` ui lamëjc au ci `es m‗uic prafrelletgai spç`gngquc sur lcsurc, iaus mcvais e`tgvcr je prafrelletgai ci eppuyeit sur jc pagit . Je mçse`tgvetgai mc je prafrelletgai magt ïtrc negtc ci mçsçjc`tgaiieit `c pagit.

   

E``ës â prafrelletgais. Eiiçc ci `aurs. Rrafrelletgai mçse`tgvçc. Rrafrelletgai e`tgvçc.

Ngfurc =>

Iaus pauvais e``çmcr â mcs lamëjcs mc prafrelletgai ci `jgqueit sur j'g`ýic gimgquçc `g-mcssus ?

62

 

 

   

@ejcimrgcr e`tucj. Pçjc`tgai ct `aingfuretgai mcs lamëjcs. Rrafrelletgai kchmalemegrc. Xctaur â j‗ç`rei prgi`gpej.

Ngfurc =6

Raur sçjc`tgaiicr je prafrelletgai quatgmgciic Gj cst sunngseit mc `jgqucr sur jc oaur quc iaus saukegtais prafrellcr, per cxclpjc jc 5> mc Ougi 825> ct ui iauvcj ç`rei s'auvrgre `allc mç`rgt `g-mcssaus ?

     

@ejcimrgcr e`tucj, evc` oaurs prafrellehjcs.  

Lamëjc prçmçngigc paur jc oaur sçjc`tgaiiç. Lamgngcr je prafrelletgai prçmçngigc paur jc oaur  @aingfuretgai mc lamëjcs. Rrafrelletgai kchmalemegrc evc` lamëjcs.   Xctaur â j‗ç`rei prgi`gpej.

Ngfurc =;

Je mgnnçrci`c prgi`gpejc citrc jc pagit  ct jc pagit , cst quc je prclgërc cst uic prafrelletgai prçmçngigc per jc nehrg`eit, qug cst lamgngehjc, legs cjjc cst mçoâ lçlargsçc paur ne`gjgtcr j'eppjg`etgai mc j'utgjgsetcur. Jc «prafrellc mc oaur´ iaus pcrlcttre mc lamgngcr ui lamëjc prç-ettrghuç eu oaur sçjc`tgaiiç. Pg iaus vaujais scujclcit prafrellcr ui oaur ci qucstgai, iaus mcvais `jgqucr sur j'g`ýic gimgqueit jc «prafrellc mc oaur´(), ct iaus eurait e``ës â je frgjjc mc prafrelletgai prç-essgfiçc â je metc sçjc`tgaiiçc?

 Oaur â prafrellcr.  @rçiceux karegrcs (mc 22 â 80k). @ajaiic tclpçreturc.





  

Gfuej Pugt je karegrc vejcur prç`çmcit `aingfurçc  meis jc `rçiceu ]clpçreturc prçrçfjçc (gitcrvejjc 58-=2 2,3 ²@). Raur jcs païjcs â egr uigquclcit ci lamc ]clpçreturc.  @ajaiic Rugssei`c. Gfuej Pugt jc `rçiceu prç`çmcit.  Pugt jcs `alleimcs sthy (LAMËJCP P]-HW CES). ANN Le`kgic çtcgitc. Ic sugt pes sthy. Igvceu mc pugssei`c. @alleimc 5-7 m'ejjulefc seun s'gj y e uic eutrc `alleimc sthy `aitregrc.  Lçlargscr je prafrelletgai (GLRAX]EI]  (GLRAX]EI] ) Xctaur â j‗ç`rei prç`çmcit. Xctaur â j‗ç`rei prgi`gpej.

Ngfurc =7

65

 

3.6.5. LAMCJCP MC RXAFXELLE]GAI. Raur `aingfurcr qucjquc lamëjc, iaus mcvais sçjc`tgaiicr jc lamëjc saukegtç ct `keifcr au `aingfurcr mcs perelëtrcs saukegtçs `allc gjs ait çtç eppjgquçs meis je prafrelletgai quatgmgciic, cxpjgquç meis je sc`tgai prç`çmcitc. Gj cst glparteit mc vejgmcr je prafrelletgai ci `jgqueit sur « seuvcfermcr ´ (pagit ,  ngfurc =7 ) uic nags je prafrelletgai negtc.

   

Rjeitgjjes 5 - 6. Xctaur â j‗ç`rei prç`çmcit. Epjg`er `elhga sahrc prafrele`gaics prcvges. Xctaur â j‗ç`rei prgi`gpej.

Ngfurc 32

3.6.8. RXAFXELLE]GAI KCHMALEME KCHMALEMEGXC GXC E^C@ LAMCJCP. Raur e``çmcr â je prafrelletgai kchmalemegrc, gj neut `jgqucr sur sai g`ýic ( ngfurc =; ) ct e``çmcr â j'ç`rei mc prafrelletgai. Gj magt gimgqucr sur `kequc oaur mc je sclegic jc lamëjc mçsgrç. Gj neut cisugtc circfgstrcr circfgstrcr   je prafrelletgai ct j‗e`tgvcr `allc gimgquç meis jc pagit  mc je ngfurc 35. @c iauvceu lamëjc kchmalemegrc scrå eppjgquç taus jcs oaurs â `alptcr mu oaur ci `aurs.

     

E``ës â je prafrelletgai kchmalemegrc. Pçjc`tgai mc lamëjc. Oaur mc je sclegic â prafrellcr. G`ýic m‗circfgstrcr prafrelletgai. Xctaur â j‗ç`rei prç`çmcit. Xctaur â j‗ç`rei prgi`gpej.

Ngfurc 35

3.;.   3.;.

^GPSEJGPE]GAI VCH P@KÇLE KWMXESJGUSC (LAMËJCP CES SIGUSCLCI]).

@c lciu magt ïtrc `aingfurç per ui gistejjetcur au ui `keunnefgstc, çteit maiiç qu‗gj cst iç`cssegrc mc rçfjcr jcs pagits mc mçlerrefc ct m‗errït mu païjc.  Jc `kagx mc `kequc s`kçle `c ncre tauoaurs mc je lïlc neæai, regsai paur jequcjjc ai alcttre jcs çtepcs gmcitgqucs paur taus jcs s`kçles, vagr pagit 3.3.8 3.3.8,, ngfurc 07.  Meis taus jcs s`kçles, gj cxgstc mcs pagits `alluis, qug ic scrait cxpjgquçs qu‗uic scujc nags paur çvgtcr jcs rçpçtgtgais per je sugtc.

68

 

               

Iulçra mc s`kçle kymreujgquc evc` R, ], C (Ragit >.3)

 

Raïjc C`anarcst. Xctaur â j‗ç`rei prç`çmcit. @aingfuretgai mu s`kçle (PE]). Raur`citefc ct tclpçreturc mc palpc. _aic 5, `keunnefc vcrs remgetcurs. Ginarletgai sur je sçjc`tgai mc je saimc au mu tkcrlastet. Xctaur â j‗ç`rei prgi`gpej. Ginarletgai sur je sçjc`tgai mc nai`tgaiiclcit. Jcs ci`emrçs vcrts `arrcspaimcit â ui enng`kefc ginarletgn. Jcs ci`emrçs hjei`s `arrcspaimcit â mcs çjçlcits `aingfurehjcs per j‗utgjgsetcur. @gr`ujetcur. ^eiic â 0 vagcs. Jcs ci`emrçs raufcs gimgqucit jcs jglgtcs. Maiiçcs `aingfurçcs paur hejjai C@P. Maiiçcs `aingfurçcs paur jc hejjai telpai.

Ngfurc 38

P`kçle sglpjc zaic (uic zaic mc remgetcurs `aitrýjçc per je saimc mc tclpçreturc elhgeitc). P`kçle 25. Gj s‗efgt mu s`kçle jc pjus sglpjc. J‗utgjgsetcur pcut `kagsgr je tclpçreturc mc mçpert, je pjefc mc `cttc tclpçreturc çteit sgtuçc citrc 32²@ ct 63²@, ct `cjjc mc steim hy citrc 32²@ ct 63²@. @cs pjefcs mc tclpçreturc magvcit ïtrc prçmçngigcs per j‗gistejjetcur, ct `cjjc mc steim hy ic pcut pes ïtrc ginçrgcurc â `cjjc mc mçpert mu `keunnefc. Je tclpçreturc elhgeitc cst je vejcur vergehjc ver gehjc rçfjçc per jc `jgcit. Ci usgic, jc systëlc cst `aingfurç mc tcjjc sartc qu‗uic nags ettcgitc je tclpçreturc elhgeitc ngxçc per j‗utgjgsetcur, jc païjc pessc eu igvceu lgiglul. @c lamc mc nai`tgaiiclcit cst `cjug qug cst rc`alleimç, lïlc sg j‗gistejjetcur pcut e`tgvcr je nai`tgai errït/ler`kc () evc` ui mgnnçrcitgcj mc tclpçreturc 4 `cs mgnnçrcitgcjs s‗enng`kcrait â j‗ç`rei ( ).

    

]clpçreturc mc mçpert (ngxçc per j‗gistejjetcur). ]clpçreturc mc steim hy (ngxçc per j‗gistejjetcur). Nai`tgai errït/ler`kc au lgiglul. ]clpçreturc elhgeitc saukegtçc (ngxçc per j‗utgjgsetcur). Ç`erts mc tclpçreturc (ngxçs per j‗gistejjetcur).

Ngfurc 30

P`kçle sglpjc zaic (uic zaic mc remgetcurs `aitrýjçc per jc tkcrlastet m‗elhgei`c). P`kçle 20. Jc s`kçle ct jc lamc mc nai`tgaiiclcit per tkcrlastet m‗elhgei`c sait gmcitgqucs â `cux mu pagit prç`çmcit, â uic cx`cptgai prës ? meis `c systëlc, ai ic pcut pes rçfjcr mc mgnnçrcitgcj mc tclpçreturc, çteit maiiç quc jcs armrcs mu systëlc sait maiiçs per ui `aite`t auvcrt au ncrlç (tkcrlastet `èhjç, seis ngj, ct`.). Je scujc nai`tgai `aingfurehjc per j‗gistejjetcur scregt `cjjc mc je lgsc ci ler`kc sur rç`cptgai mc j‗armrc. Je `aingfuretgai per mçneut cst `cjjc mu scugj lgiglej, legs gj cst çfejclcit passghjc m‗utgjgscr je `aingfuretgai errït/ler`kc.

60

 

 

  

]clpçreturc mc mçpert (ngxçc per j‗gistejjetcur). ]clpçreturc mc steim hy (ngxçc per j‗gistejjetcur). Nai`tgai errït/ler`kc au scugj lgiglul.

Ngfurc 3=

P`kçle sglpjc zaic + C@P (ui `eptcur) `aitrýjçc per uic saimc mc tclpçreturc elhgeitc. P`kçle 50. Jc lamc mc nai`tgaiiclcit cst gmcitgquc eux aptgais prç`çmcitcs, â j‗cx`cptgai mu rçfjefc mc je tclpçreturc mc `aisgfic mc j‗ceu `keumc seigtegrc (C@P), paur jequcjjc j‗gistejjetcur magt rçfjcr jcs tclpçreturcs mc `aisgfic mu systëlc ( ) ct jcs ç`erts mc tclpçreturc mc j‗C@P (). Mc lïlc, jc `eptcur mc j‗C@P () magt ïtrc laitç `arrc`tclcit paur ahtcigr uic haiic jc`turc.

    

]clpçreturcs mc steim-hy, mc mçpert mu `keunnefc ct mc j‗C@P (ngxçcs per j‗gistejjetcur). Nai`tgai errït/ler`kc au lgiglul. ]clpçreturc elhgeitc saukegtçc (ngxçc per j‗utgjgsetcur).  ]clpçreturc C@P saukegtçc (ngxçc per j‗utgjgsetcur). ]clpçreturc circfgstrçc per jc `eptcur mu hejjai C@P. Ngfurc 33

P`kçle sglpjc zaic + C@P (mcux `eptcurs) `aitrýjçc per uic saimc mc tclpçreturc elhgeitc. P`kçle 23. Jc systëlc cst cxe`tclcit jc lïlc quc jc prç`çmcit, â j‗cx`cptgai mu ialhrc mc `eptcurs mc j‗C@P ? `c systëlc ci `alptc mcux. @allc paur jc s`kçle prç`çmcit, `cux-`g magvcit ïtrc laitçs ct rçfjçs per j‗gistejjetcur ? ui meis je pertgc keutc (]5) ct j‗eutrc (]8) meis je pertgc hessc mu rçscrvagr m‗C@P.

    

]clpçreturcs mc steim-hy, mc mçpert mu `keunnefc ct mc j‗C@P (ngxçcs per j‗gistejjetcur). Nai`tgai errït/ler`kc au lgiglul. ]clpçreturc elhgeitc saukegtçc (ngxçc per j‗utgjgsetcur).  ]clpçreturc C@P saukegtçc (ngxçc per j‗utgjgsetcur). ]clpçreturc circfgstrçc per jcs `eptcurs mu hejjai C@P. Ngfurc 3>

P`kçle sglpjc zaic + C@P (ui ( ui `eptcur) `aitrýjçc per ui tkcrlastet m‗elhgei`c. P`kçle 53. Meis `c s`kçle, ai ic pcut rçfjcr sur je tehjcttc quc je tclpçreturc mc trevegj mc j‗C@P, je tclpçreturc elhgeitc çteit saulgsc eu tkcrlastet mgspaighjc. J‗gistejjetcur eoustcre j‗aptgai errït/ler`kc au scugj lgiglul, qug cst je `aingfuretgai per mçneut mu systëlc, egisg quc jcs tclpçreturcs mc j‗ceu ct jcurs mgnnçrcitgcjs rcspc`tgns. J‗C@P scre `aitrýjçc per ui scuj `eptcur pje`ç meis jc hejjai C@P.

6=

 

    

]clpçreturcs mc steim-hy, mc mçpert mu `keunnefc ct mc j‗C@P (ngxçcs per j‗gistejjetcur). Nai`tgai errït/ler`kc au lgiglul. Gimg`etcurr mc sçjc`tgai mu tkcrlastet au mc je Gimg`etcu saimc.  ]clpçreturc C@P saukegtçc (ngxçc per j‗utgjgsetcur). ]clpçreturc circfgstrçc per jc `eptcur mu hejjai C@P.

 

Ngfurc 36

P`kçle sglpjc zaic + C@P (mcux `eptcurs) `aitrýjçc per tkcrlastet m‗elhgei`c. P`kçle 26. ]aut `allc meis jc s`kçle prç`çmcit, ai pcut scujclcit rçfjcr je tclpçreturc mc j‗C@P, legs g`g, je tclpçreturc mu hejjai cst `aitrýjçc per mcux `eptcurs pje`çs ct rçfjçs per j‗gistejjetcur.

    

]clpçreturcs mc steim-hy, mc mçpert mu `keunnefc ct mc j‗C@P (ngxçcs per j‗gistejjetcur). Nai`tgai errït/ler`kc au lgiglul. Gimg`etcurr mc sçjc`tgai mu tkcrlastet au mc je Gimg`etcu saimc.  ]clpçreturc C@P saukegtçc (ngxçc per j‗utgjgsetcur). ]clpçreturc circfgstrçc per jcs `eptcurs mu hejjai C@P. Ngfurc 3;

Hejjai telpai evc` 5 ct 8 `eptcurs ct C@P evc` 5 ct 8 `eptcurs. P`kçles >5, 30, 87 ct 85. Meis `c `es, iaus ejjais rcfraupcr = s`kçles, çteit maiiç quc jc scuj çjçlcit qug vergc cst jc ialhrc mc `eptcurs mgspaighjcs paur `aitrýjcr jcs mcux hejjais ? jc hejjai telpai ct `cjug m‗C@P. G`g, jc scuj perelëtrc rçfjehjc per j‗utgjgsetcur cst je tclpçreturc mc trevegj mc j‗C@P, pugsquc jcs perelëtrcs mu hejjai telpai, mcs scugjs mc sç`urgtç ct m‗citreéiclcit mc j‗ceu magvcit ïtrc ngxçs per ui gistejjetcur, ci regsai mc jcur mgnng`ujtç mc rçfjefc.

    

]clpçreturcs mc steim-hy, mc mçpert mu `keunnefc ct mc j‗C@P (ngxçcs per j‗gistejjetcur). ]clpçreturc circfgstrçc per jcs `eptcurs mc j‗e``ulujetcur j‗e``ulujet cur m‗C@P.  ]clpçreturc circfgstrçc per jcs `eptcurs mu hejjai telpai.  ]clpçreturc C@P saukegtçc (ngxçc per j‗utgjgsetcur). ]clpçreturcs mc trevegj mu hejjai telpai ngxçcs per j‗gistejjetcur. Ngfurc 37

Hejjai telpai evc` ui ct mcux `eptcurs. P`kçles =7 ct 56. Meis jc `es mc `cs mcux s`kçles, iaus cxpjgquais â quag `arrcspaim `kequc tclpçreturc. Çteit maiiç quc jcs rçfjefcs scrait cnnc`tuçs per j‗gistejjetcur.

63

 

  ]clpçreturcs mc steim-hy, mc mçpert mu `keunnefc ct mc j‗C@P (ngxçcs per j‗gistejjetcur). ]clpçreturc circfgstrçc per jcs `eptcurs mc j‗e``ulujetcur j‗e``ulujet cur m‗C@P.  ]clpçreturc circfgstrçc per jcs `eptcurs mu hejjai telpai. 

  

Ngfurc >2

3.7.   3.7.

@AIIC[GAI Â GI]CXIC] (CEPWIC]).

P'gj y e ui e``ës gitcrict â j‗clpje`clcit j‗clpje`clcit mc j‗eppercgj, gj cst passghjc m'y e``çmcr ct mc jc `aitrýjcr frè`c â Gitcrict. E^EI] MC NEGXC USAG USC @C PAG], JGXC @KERG]XC 3.7.5. SIC LES^EGPC @AINGFSXE]GAI RCS] HJAUSCX JE @AIIC[GAI VgNg E^C@ JE LE@KGIC. @AIPSJ]C_ ESRXËP MC ^A]XC MGP]XGHS]CSX. 3.7.5.   E^CX]GPPCLCI]P C] XC@ALLEIME]GAIP. 3.7.5. XC@ALLEIME]GAIP.   Iatcz jc ial ct jc lat mc pessc mu rçsceu VgNg malcstgquc. Cvgtcz jcs cspe`cs ct jcs `ere`tërcs gikehgtucjs ($,%, &,

 

Gitcrict?  @c hautai Pyi`kraigsc je @RS evc` jc rçsceu VgNg cxtcric. Jcs `kelps mc tcxtc () ct () sait Gitcrict?  rclpjgs evc` jc ial mu rçsceu VgNg ct sai lat mc pessc. Hautai 'Ctkcrict'?  'Ctkcrict'?  Je @RS `alluigquc vge jc prata`ajc Ctkcrict, lïlc s‗gj i‗cxgstc pes uic tcjjc `aiicxgai Ctkcrict citrc jc @RS ct jc rautcur (Je @RS errïtcre m‗çlcttrc sai pra praprc prc rçsceu VgNg.) Pg vaus i'evcz pes rçejgsç mc `aiicxgai ctkcrict evc` je @RS i‗eppuycz pes. pes.  Hautai ']cst'?  ']cst'?  Gj cssegc mc sc `alluigqucr vge VgNg citrc je @RS ct jc rautcur mu jafclcit (paurvu quc prç`çmcllcit j‗aptgai «Gitcrict´ e çtç çtç sçjc`tgaiiç ct eussg jcs `kelps mc tcxtc  ct ) ait çtç rclpjgs. Hautai "Circfgstrcr"? Gj "Circfgstrcr"? Gj circfgstrc je mcrigërc `aingfuretgai. Pg jc lcssefc "Pu``ës" eppereét eprës evagr eppuyç sur jc hautai ']cst je `aingfuretgai scre circfgstrçc. JJcc païjc nai`tgaiic e trevcrs jc rçsceu VgNg mu jafclcit. Pg jc païjc nai`tgaiic â trevcrs jc rçsceu rçsceu VgNg cxtcric, meis jc `kelp mc tcxtc Nciïtrc sçjc`tgai rçsceu VgNg  ai  ai sçjc`tgaiic 'C`anarcst Argfgiej'. Eprës evagr `jgquç sur "Circfgstrcr", jc païjc rc`aistrugt sai rçsceu VgNg m'argfgic. MÇLEX@KCP @AINGFSXE]GAI PCJAI JC ]WRC MC @AIIC[GAI? VgNg?

Ngfurc >8

Ci eppuyeit sur ']cst', jc rçsceu VgNg ve mgspereétrc pcimeit qucjqucs gisteits, jc ievgfetcur pcut enng`kcr jc lcssefc "crrcur mc `alluig`etgai". ^çrgngcz quc jc rçsceu Vg-Ng mc j‗eppercgj sagt mgspaighjc ct quc vaus ïtcs `aiic`tçs eveit m'e``cptcr jc lcssefc. Ettcimcz çfejclcit quc jc lcssefc "PS@@ËP" au "Ç@KC@" epperegssc. C]KCXIC]? ^çrgngcz eveit mc negrc quag quc `c sagt, qu‗gj cxgstc uic `aiicxgai Ctkcrict citrc jc rautcur ct je @RS mu païjc /`keumgërc (pagit /`keumgërc (pagit 3.7.5 3.7.5). ).

Ngfurc >0

3.7.0.   E@@ËP MCRSGP GI]CXIC]. 3.7.0.



Refc wch. Ngfurc >= 

66

 

 



PI? I¿ sçrgc @RS - Ial - Stgjgsetcur. Lat mc pessc pefc wch païjc (; `kgnnrcs)

Ngfurc >3 

 

PI? I¿ sçrgc @RS - Ial - Stgjgsetcur. E``ës â je le`kgic mcpugs i'glpartc a÷. E``ës â je le`kgic mcpugs je partçc mu rautcr mc j'gistejjetgai. @aiscgjjç jarsquc iaus iaus trauvais sur j'gistejjetgai

Ngfurc >> 

3.7.=.   XC@SRCXCX JC XCPCES VgNg AXGFGIEJ. 3.7.=. Wau `ei rcstarc tkc argfgiej VgNg ictward an tkc stavc gi mgnncrcit weys? •  Nral tkc wch? Gi tkc rclatc `aiic`tgai lciu (pagit 3.7.8.), Pcjc`tgif " C`anarcst Argfgiej " eim "Pevc". •  Nral tkc mgspjey? Xcstert nral tkc GR emmrcsscs ginarletgai s`rcci.

Ngfurc >6  

>.  >. 

EJEXLCP.

Ngfurc >; 

 Ejerlc E222

Mcs`rgptgai P‗enng`kc sg j‗eppercgj cst mçhrei`kç ejars qu‗uic ejerlc cst e`tgvc.

Pajutgai  IC REP MÇHXEI@KCX, utgjgscr jc `jevgcr.

•

 Icttaycr jc païjc.  Rartc auvcrtc.  ]uyeu mc sartgc mcs fez ahstruç.  Cx`ës m'egr meis j‗gistejjetgai.  Jc païjc i‗e pes pjus mc freiujç.  Je tclpçreturc lexglejc mc trevegj cst enng`kçc.

•

E225

Mçprcssgai hegssc m'citrçc m‗egr.

•

•

E228 E220 E22=

Mçprcssgai keutc m'citrçc m'egr. ]clpçreturc lgiglejc mc je sartgc mcs fezcs. ]clpçreturc lexglejc mc je sartgc mcs fezcs.

• • •

6;

 

 Raïjc sejc.  Stgjgsetgai trap gitcisgvc.  Pystëlc mc `keumgërc lej `ejghrç.  @keumgërc trevegjjeit â neghjc pugssei`c.  I]@ mç`aiic`tç.  Rrçsci`c m‗egr meis jc `gr`ugt.  Neghjc mgssgpetgai m‗çicrfgc fçiçrçc  Stgjgsetgai trap gitcisgvc.  @aurt-`gr`ugt eu igvceu mu I]@.  Xclpjgr jc `gr`ugt mc `keunnefc.

•

• •

E223

]clpçreturc mc I]@ eu lgiglul.

•

• •

E22>

]clpçreturc mc I]@ eu lexglul.

•

•

•

•

E226

Rrcssgai lgiglejc mc j'ceu.

•

mç`aiic`tç.   Rrcssastet Rrcssastet mçnc`tucux.  Xçmugrc je prcssgai mc trevegj citrc 5.8 ct 5.3 hers  Gistejjcr ui vesc m'cxpeisgai pjus freim.  Egr meis jc `gr`ugt.  Je tclpçreturc meis je `kelhrc cst hessc.  Mçse`tgvcr saimc m'elhgei`c. trevegj   Xçmugrc je tclpçreturc mc trevegj   Je tclpçreturc meis je legsai cst trap keutc.  Mçse`tgvcr saimc m'elhgei`c  Euflcitcr je tclpçreturc mc trevegj.  ]clpçreturc mu @RS eu-mcssaus mu lgiglul.

• •

E22;

Rrcssgai lexglejc mc j'ceu.

•

• •

E227

]clpçreturc elhgeitc lgiglejc.

•

• •

E252

]clpçreturc elhgeitc lexglejc.

•

•

E255

]clpçreturc lgiglejc mu @RS.

•

 Raïjc sejc.  @aivc`tcur sejc au mçnc`tucux.

•

E258

]clpçreturc lexglejc mu @RS.

•

 Leuvegs laitefc mu ]uyeu m‗çve`uetgai mcs fezcs.  Xçvgscr mcs `aiicxgais mcs latcurs  Xçvgscr mcs `aurts-`gr`ugts meis jcs latcurs  Mçprcssgai lgiglejc paur jc nai`tgaiiclcit.  Raïjc sejc.  ]uyeu m‗çve`uetgai mcs fez sejc.  Rartc mu naycr au mu he` â `cimrcs lej ncrlçc.  ]reppc mc icttayefc auvcrtc.  Je tclpçreturc mc sç`urgtç mc je sartgc mcs fezcs e çtç enng`kçc ct rejcitgregt je `kutc mu pcjjct.  Je tclpçreturc mc sç`urgtç mc j‗ceu e çtç enng`kçc ct rejcitgregt je `kutc mu pcjjct.

•

E250 E25=

@aureit mcs latcurs eu-mcssaus mu lgiglul @aureit mcs latcurs eu-mcssus mu lexglul.

• • •

•

E253

Mçprcssgai citrçc m‗egr trës hessc.

•

•

•

E25>

Ejcrtc paur tclpçreturc lexglejc mcs fezcs.

•

E256

Ejcrtc paur tclpçreturc lexglejc mc j'ceu.

•

E25;

J‗cxtre`tcur nai`tgaiic â pjcgi rçfglc legs i‗ettcgit pes je mçprcssgai lgiglejc mc trevegj mc

 Raïjc/`keumgërc sejc.  Cnnc`tucr j‗citrctgci.

•

•

E257 E282 E285

E288

leigërc `aitgiuc. Cxtre`tcur mc je sartgc mcs fez â pjcgi rçfglc Crrcur eu igvceu mcs saimcs. ]clpçreturc lgiglejc eu igvceu mc je saimc mc tclpçreturc cxtçrgcurc. (CI AR]GAI, `aisujtcr jcs mgspaighgjgtçs).  mgspaighgjgtçs).  ]clpçreturc lexglejc eu igvceu mc je saimc mc tclpçreturc cxtçrgcurc. (CI AR]GAI, `aisujtcr jcs mgspaighgjgtçs).  mgspaighgjgtçs). 

 Raïjc/`keumgërc sejc.  Cnnc`tucr j‗citrctgci.  Rassghjc ç`keifc mcs mçtc`tcurs.

•

• •

•

 ]clpçreturc ginçrgcurc â -83²@.

•

 ]clpçreturc supçrgcurc â 33²@.

 Mglcisgaiiclcit gi`arrc`t mc j‗gistejjetgai mu païjc.  Raïjc trevegjjeit â neghjc pugssei`c.  I]@ mç`aiic`tçc.

•

E280

]clpçreturc lgiglejc eu igvceu mc je saimc mc tclpçreturc mc rctaur mc `keunnefc.

•

•

I]@ lej pje`çc meis je fegic.   Rrçsci`c m‗egr meis jc `gr`ugt.  Neghjc mgssgpetgai mc j‗çicrfgc `rççc.  Stgjgsetgai trap gitcisgvc.  @aurt-`gr`ugt eu igvceu mc je I]@.

• •

E28=

]clpçreturc lexglejc eu igvceu mc je saimc mc tclpçreturc mc rctaur mc `keunnefc.

•

•

•

67

 

 Mglcisgaiiclcit gi`arrc`t mc j‗gistejjetgai mu païjc.  Raïjc trevegjjeit â neghjc pugssei`c.  I]@ mç`aiic`tçc.  I]@ lej pje`çc meis je fegic.  Rrçsci`c m‗egr meis jc `gr`ugt.  Neghjc mgssgpetgai mc j‗çicrfgc `rççc.  Stgjgsetgai trap gitcisgvc.  @aurt-`gr`ugt eu igvceu mc je I]@.  Mglcisgaiiclcit gi`arrc`t mc j‗gistejjetgai mu

•

E283

]clpçreturc lgiglejc eu igvceu mc je saimc mc tclpçreturc i¿5 mu `aitrýjc mc rçscrvagr m‗C@P.

•

•

•

•

E28>

]clpçreturc lexglejc eu igvceu mc je saimc mc tclpçreturc i¿5 mu `aitrýjc mc rçscrvagr m‗C@P.

•

•

•

•

E286

]clpçreturc lgiglejc eu igvceu mc je saimc mc tclpçreturc i¿8 mu `aitrýjc mc rçscrvagr m‗C@P.

Raïjc trevegjjeit â neghjc pugssei`c.  païjc.  I]@ mç`aiic`tçc.  I]@ lej pje`çc meis je fegic.  Rrçsci`c m‗egr meis jc `gr`ugt.  Neghjc mgssgpetgai mc j‗çicrfgc `rççc.  Stgjgsetgai trap gitcisgvc.  @aurt-`gr`ugt eu igvceu mc je I]@.  Mglcisgaiiclcit gi`arrc`t mc j‗gistejjetgai mu païjc.  Raïjc trevegjjeit â neghjc pugssei`c.  I]@ mç`aiic`tçc.  I]@ lej pje`çc meis je fegic.  Rrçsci`c m‗egr meis jc `gr`ugt.  Neghjc mgssgpetgai mc j‗çicrfgc `rççc.

•

•

•

•

E28;

]clpçreturc lexglejc eu igvceu mc je saimc mc tclpçreturc i¿8 mu `aitrýjc mc rçscrvagr m‗C@P.

•

•

• •

E287

]clpçreturc lgiglejc eu igvceu mc je saimc mc tclpçreturc i¿5 mu `aitrýjc mc rçscrvagr m‗gicrtgc.

•

•

•

]clpçreturc lexglejc eu igvceu mc je saimc mc

•

•

E202

tclpçreturc i¿5 mu `aitrýjc mc rçscrvagr m‗gicrtgc.

 Stgjgsetgai trap gitcisgvc.  @aurt-`gr`ugt eu igvceu mc je I]@.  Mglcisgaiiclcit gi`arrc`t mc j‗gistejjetgai mu païjc.  Raïjc trevegjjeit â neghjc pugssei`c.  I]@ mç`aiic`tçc.  I]@ lej pje`çc meis je fegic.  Rrçsci`c m‗egr meis jc `gr`ugt.  Neghjc mgssgpetgai mc j‗çicrfgc `rççc.  Stgjgsetgai trap gitcisgvc.  @aurt-`gr`ugt eu igvceu mc je I]@.  Jcs partcs au jc `auvcr`jc mu tgragr â `cimrcs sait lej ncrlçs.  Hesc mu peigcr auvcrtc au lej ncrlçc.  @eptcur cimallefç.  @èhjefc au `aiic`tcur mç`aiic`tç au jè`kc.  Rçrgpkçrgc cimallefçc.  Latcur cimallefç.  @èhjc mc `aiicxgai mçhrei`kç.  @èhjc `essç, jc rclpje`cr per ui icun (PE]).  Xclpjgr je trçlgc.  Latcur rçmu`tcur errïtç.  Jc tkcrlastet mc sç`urgtç s'cst errïtç.

•

• •

E205

]clpçreturc lgiglejc eu igvceu mc je saimc mc tclpçreturc i¿8 mu `aitrýjc mc rçscrvagr m‗gicrtgc.

•

•

•

E208

]clpçreturc lexglejc eu igvceu mc je saimc mc tclpçreturc i¿8 mu `aitrýjc mc rçscrvagr m‗gicrtgc.

•

•

•

•

•

E207

Ç`kc` mu icttayefc mu `rcusct. Jcs `eptcurs ic mçtc`tcit pes j'auvcrturc ct je

•

ncrlcturc mu `auvcr`jc mu `rcusct eprës trags tcitetgvcs mc icttayefc. 

•

•

• •

E2=2

Crrcur mc `alluig`etgai LAMHSP XP=;3 citrc uigtç `citrejc ct pçrgpkçrgquc.

E277

Leiquc mc pcjjct au tclpçreturc lgiglejc mc sartgc mcs fez (;2 ²@) iai ettcgitc.

>.5.

• • •

•

•

MÇLEXXEFC EJEXLC.

Jc pra`cssus mc m'errït per ejerlc cst vergehjc ci nai`tgai mc j'çtet prçejehjc mc je le`kgic, je `aingfuretgai ct m'eutrcs ne`tcurs cxtcrics. Sic nags ngiejgsç jc pra`cssus m'ejerlc, cjjc paurre sc rçgigtgejgscr eprës evagr rçvgsç jc tehjceu m'ejerlcs ct eprës evagr emaptçs jcs lcsurcs iç`cssegrcs.

Ngfurc >7  ;2

 

E^^CX]CI_C  RCXG@AJA FCICXG@A 

AHHJGFKG  JCFFCXC G LEISEJG MG GP]XS_GAIG 

Jcffe ettcitelcitc g leiuejg narigtg `ai gj mgspasgtgva prgle mcjj'gistejjezgaic c mcjj'usa.  mcjj'usa.  Pajelcitc gi qucsta lama patrâ attcicrc jc lgfjgarg prcstezgaig c je lessgle sg`urczze mureitc gj sua glpgcfa.  Uucsta epperc``kga puø csscrc utgjgzzeta meg helhgig e pertgrc mefjg ; eiig mg ctâ c me pcrsaic `ai `epe`gtâ ngsg`kc, scisargejg a lcitejg rgmattc a `kc iai ehhgeia cspcrgcize a `aias`cize, sclprc satta je supcrvgsgaic a `ai je narlezgaic emcfuete rgfuerma ejj‗utgjgzza sg`ura mcjj‗epperc``kga c `ai je `arrctte `alprcisgaic mcg pcrg`ajg `kc puø `alparterc. G helhgig iai mcvaia fga`erc `ai j‗epperc``kga. Je pujgzge c je leiutcizgaic me cnncttuerc me pertc mcjj‗utcitc iai mcjj‗utcitc  iai mcvaia csscrc cnncttuetc meg helhgig scize supcrvgsgaic.  Gj vctra mcjje parte c ej`uic supcrng`g mcjj‗epperc``kga passaia reffguifcrc ejtc tclpcreturc.  E]]CI_GAIC!? iai eprgrc je parte mureitc gj E]]CI_GAIC!? nuizgaielcita mcjj‗epperc``kga. 

;5

 

GIMG@C 5.

GI]XAMS_GAIC.  GI]XAMS_GAIC.  5.5. MC]]EFJGA MCJ REIICJJA MCG @ALEIMG.  @ALEIMG.  P]SNE.  5.8. @AIICPPGAIC C PGI@XAIG__E_GAIC @AI JE P]SNE.  5.0. @AIPGMCXEXC E]]CI]ELCI]C @KC… @KC… 5.=. P@KCXLA RXGI@GREJC.  RXGI@GREJC.  5.3. JC]]SXE MG LCPPEFFG.  LCPPEFFG.  5.>. LCIS GLRAP]E_GAIG.  GLRAP]E_GAIG. 

Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie

;0 ;0 ;0 ;= ;= ;= ;3

8.

P]E]G MCJJE P]SNE.

Refgie

;3

0.

@AI]XAJJA MCJJE ]EP]GCXE.  ]EP]GCXE.  0.5. E@@CIPGAIC.  E@@CIPGAIC.  0.8. PRCFIGLCI]A. PRCFIGLCI]A.   0.0. E]]G^EXC A MGPE]]G^EXC GJ HJA@@A MCJJE ]EP]GCXE.  ]EP]GCXE.  JGIFSE.  0.=. PCJC_GAIC MG JGIFSE.  @ALHSP]GHGJC.  0.3. PAP]G]S_GAIC MCJ @ALHSP]GHGJC.  ANNPC]P.  0.>. GLRAP]E_GAIC ANNPC]P.  NSI_GAIELCI]A.  0.6. LAMA MG NSI_GAIELCI]A.  0.6.5. LAMA RA]CI_E.  RA]CI_E.  0.6.8 LAMA ]CLRCXE]SXE.  ]CLRCXE]SXE.  0.6.0 LAMA MC CLCXFCI_E.  CLCXFCI_E.  0.; EHGJG]EXC / MGPEHGJG]EXC @EJCIMEXGA. 0.7 RXAFXELLE_GAIC @EJCIMEXGA ]EP]GCXE. 0.52.  ^GPSEJG__E_GAIC MG ME]G GI ]CLRA XCEJC.  0.52. XCEJC.  0.55.  ^GPSEJG__E_GAIC P@KCLE GMXESJG@A. (PAJA LAMCJJG E@USE). 0.55. 0.58.  PCJC_GAIC LAMEJG]Â E@P / XGP@EJMELCI]A. (LAMCJJG E@USE). 0.58. E@USE).

Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie

;> ;> ;> ;> ;> ;> ;6 ;6 ;6 ;6 ;6 ;; ;; ;7 ;7 ;7

=.

@AJJCFELCI]A EJJE P]SNE ME USEJPGEPG MGPRAPG]G^A @KC RCXLC]]C GJ  GJ   Refgie @AJJCFELCI]A VGXCJCPP.

;7

3.

GI]CXNE@@GE VCH. 3.5. P@KCXLA RXGI@GREJC.  RXGI@GREJC.  3.5.5. JC]]SXE MG LCPPEFFG. 3.8. @AINGFSXE_GAIC MG JGIFSE, MG _AIE AXEXGE C PCJC_GAIC LAMEJG]Â E@P / XGP@EJMELCI]A (LAMCJJG E@USE).

Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie

72 72 75 75

3.0. MG @ALHSP]GHGJC. 3.=. PCJC_GAIC LCI× ^GPSEJG__E_GAIC MG ME]G.  ME]G.  3.3. LAMG MG NSI_GAIELCI]A.  NSI_GAIELCI]A.  3.3.5. LAMA RA]CI_E.  RA]CI_E.  3.3.8 LAMA ]CLRCXE]SXE.  ]CLRCXE]SXE.  3.3.0. LAMA CLCXFCI_E. 3.>. LCI× ANNPC]. 3.6. RXAFXELLE_GAIC @EJCIMEXGA VCH.  VCH.  3.6.5. LAMCJJG MG RXAFXELLE_GAIC.  RXAFXELLE_GAIC.  3.6.8. RXAFXELLE_GAIC PC]]GLEIEJC RCX LAMCJJG. 3.; ^GPSEJG__E_GAIC VCH P@KCLE GMXESJG@A (LAMCJJG E@USE). 3.7. @AIICPPGAIC E GI]CXIC] (CEPWIC]). 3.7.5 RXC@ES_GAIG C XE@@ALEIME_GAIG.  XE@@ALEIME_GAIG.  3.7.8 @AINGFSXE_GÐIC.  @AINGFSXE_GÐIC. 

Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie Refgie

75 78 70 70 70 7> 7> 7> 7; 7; 7; 528 528 528

Refgie Refgie

520 52=

Refgie

52=

3.7.0 3.7.= >

EJEXLG.  EJEXLG. 

E@@CPPA GI]CXIC].  GI]CXIC].   XC@SRCXAMEMCJJE XC]C AXGFGIEJC VgNg.

>.5. XCGIG@GA EJEXLE.

Refgie

52>

;8

 

5.  5. 

GI]XAMS_GAIC. 5.5.  5.5. 

MC]]EFJGA MCJ REIICJJA MCG @ALEIMG.

  

Mgspjey. Rujseitc gimgctra / lavglgcita sgigstre. Rujseitc eulcita / sapre.

   

Rujseitc Eveitg / lavglcita mcstre. Rujseitc mglgiuzgaic / fg÷. Rujseitc ai-ann / `aincrle. Xg`cvgtarc GX. (Mgsehjcm).

Ngfure 5

      

Mgspjey e `rgstejjg jgqugmg (J@M). Xgparte ja steta mcjje stune c rgnjcttc jc ezgaig `kc gitreprcimgela suj peiicjja mg `aitrajja. Je rctragjjulgiezgaic mcj mgspjey sg spcfic mapa 02 sc`aimg sc iai sg prclc ej`ui testa suj peiicjja mg `aitrajja. Rujseitc gimgctra (). Rcrlcttc mg e``cmcrc e je vgsuejgzzezgaic mcg metg a ne gj lavglcita vcrsa je sgigstre ejj'gitcria mcjjc g`aic a g mgvcrsc lciu. Mglgiugs`c g vejarg ejj‗gitcria mcj `ursarc. Rujseitc eulcita / sapre. ( ). Eulcite gj vejarc mg patcize mcsgmcreta c / a je tclpcreture, sc`aima je lamejgtâ mg nuizgaielcita (R, ] a C) c spaste je scjczgaic su icg lciu. Rujseitc Eveitg (). Rcrlcttc mg e``cmcrc ej lciu Glpastezgaig c tarierc ejje s`kcrlete prgi`gpejc mcj lciu scize lamgng`kc. Eulcite g vejarg ejj‗gitcria mcj `ursarc. Rujseitc mglgiuzgaic/fg÷ (). Mglgiugs`c gj vejarc mg patcize mcsgmcreta c / a je tclpcreture sc`aima je lamejgtâ mg nuizgaielcita (R, ] a C) c spaste je herre mg scjczgaic vcrsa gj hessa icg lciu. Rujseitc ai-ann (). E``cimc c spcfic je stune mejje s`kcrlete gigzgejc. Ejj'gitcria mcg mgvcrsg lciu scrvc pcr `aincrlerc. Xg`cvgtarc GX. Xg`cvc gj scfiejc givgeta givgeta mej tcjc`aleima. (mgseh (mgsehgjc). gjc). Mglcisgaig (ll)?

Ngfure 8 

5.8.

@AIICPPGAIC C PGI@XAIG__E_GAIC @AI JE P]SNE.

Mapa evcr gistejjeta je stune `alc mcs`rgtta icj leiuejc "Gistejjezgaic c leiutcizgaic" * mgspaighgjc suj iastra sgta wch www.c`anarcst.cs, j'cjcttraig`e serâ gi nuizgaic gi ui tclpa satta =2 sc`aimg mej `ajjcfelcita mcjje stune ejje rctc.

;0

 

 

 

P`kcrla mg evvga testgcre. ^crsgaic mcjje testgcre.

Ngfure 0  * Pg prcfe mg iaterc `kc suj iastra sgta sg passaia traverc tuttg g leiuejg mg gstruzgaig effgarietg. Rrcverrâ sclprc je vejgmgtâ mcjj'ujtgla leiuejc mg gstruzgaig.

5.0

@AIPGMCXEXC E]]CI]ELCI]C @KC… Jc lamgng`kc mureitc j‗usa c j‗glpastezgaic mcjje stune, passaia csscrc cscfugtc `aitclpareicelcitc mejje testgcre c me quejsgesg mgspasgtgva Vg-Ng `kc sge `ajjcfeta ejje stune4 gi afig `esa, prcverrâ j‗ujtgle lamgng`e  lamgng`e  gimgpcimcitclcitc mej mgspasgtgva gi `ug sge stete cnncttuete. Ej`uic glpastezgaig passaia csscrc cnncttuetc saja utgjgzzeima je `aiicssgaic Vg-Ng c mcvaia csscrc cscfugtc me pcrsaiejc eutargzzeta (pratcttc me pesswarm) `ai le``kgie spcite c scize ejjerlg (steta 2). Mg scfugta sg rgparteia tejg glpastezgaig?

Lamcjjg erge  Pteimhy  Pteimhy  elhgcitc  elhgcitc `ai saime. AI/ANN me tcrlasteta cstcria.  AI/ANN

•

•

•

• • • • • •

5.=.

        

Lamcjjg e`que  @aingfurezgaic @aingfurezgaic s`kclg gmreujg`g. Pteimhy  elhgcitc  elhgcitc `ai saime.  Pteimhy  AI/ANN me tcrlasteta cstcria.  AI/ANN  Pgstcle Pgstcle eitghja``effga. Pgstcle eitgfcja.  Pgstcle  Pgstcle Pgstcle eitgjcfgaicjje. @aitrajja sgjas cstcrig (e sc`aime mcj lamcjja).  @aitrajja

P@KCXLA RXGI@GREJC.

Herre mg jctture mcg lcsseffg. Lama R, ] a C. Pteta (vcmg sczgaic 8 mcj prcscitc leiuejc  leiuejc  ‚Ptetg mcjje stune“). stune“). Jgvcjja mg patcize / ]clpcreture mcsgmcrete. ]estgcre hja``ete. @ejcimerga ehgjgteta. Lamejgtâ E@P / Xgs`ejmelcita (LAMCJJG E@USE). ]clpcreture saime elhgcitc. P`kcrla prgi`gpejc. Ngfure = 

5.3.   5.3.

  

JC]]SXE MG LCPPEFFG.

Lcsseffga mg sg`urczze. (I a Exx).* Lama mg nuizgaielcita (R, L a C).** Pteta mg nuizgaielgcita. ***

*Ejjerlg (E[[[) (puita > ). ** Ratcize, tclpcreture a clcrfcize , puitg 0.6.5 , 0.6.8 c 0.6.0 rgspcttgvelcitc . *** Mgvcrsg stetg icg puita 8.

Ngfure 3 

;=

 

5.>.

   

LCIS GLRAP]E_GAIG.

G`aie mg e``cssa ejjc glpastezgaig. Pcjczgaic mg jgifue. Ppefiaja (prcmcngigta). Lama mg nuizgaielcita (R, L a C). ]cst latarg (pcr gj P.E.].) ^gsuejgzzezgaic s`kcle gmreujg`a. (LAMCJJG E@USE). Pcjczgaic lamejgtâ E@P / Xgs`ejmelcita. (LAMCJJG E@USE). Rrafrellezgaic `ejcimerga testgcre. Pcjczgaic mg `alhustghgjc. Rcjjct (prcmcngigta) ia``gajgia mg ajgve a fus`g mg leimarjc. Glpastezgaig mcg mgvcrsc ‛annsct‗. Xgtaria ejje s`kcrlete prgi`gpejc

     

Ngfure >

8.  8. 

P]E]G MCJJE P]SNE.

Mej sua `ajjcfelcita ejje rctc cjcttrg`e, je stune `elhgcrâ gj praprga steta gi hesc ejje prafrellezgaic c eg `aleimg mcjj‗utcitc, emetteima gj nuizgaielcita ejjc `aimgzgaig glpastc gi afig lalcita. Ë passghgjc vcrgng`erc ja steta gi `ug sg trave je stune, sge mejje testgcre `kc mejj'gitcrne``ge wch mg ui mgspasgtgva Vg-Ng, vgsuejgzzeima gj `ajarc mcjj‗g`aie `arrgspaimcitc a vcrgng`eima gj iulcra mcjja steta sujja s`kcrla mg vgsuejgzzezgaic mcg metg.   ]estgcre? @ajarc g`aie (puita   mcjjc  ngfurc =  c 3) appurc vcrgng`eima gj vejarc iulcrg`a (ngfure 82 mcjje sczgaic 0.52 ).   Gitcrne``ge Vch? G`aie  ( ngfure  ngfure 02) mcjja s`kcrla prgi`gpejc a icjje vgsuejgzzezgaic mcg metg ( ngfure 0=).

•

•

G`aie? ]estgcre Vch

@ajarc steta

Iulcra steta

Rra`cssa

Xassa

2

Gi prgle gsteize c queima je stune ë spcite c praite pcr csscrc e``cse vgsuejgzzcrcla je lcizgaiete g`aie mg `ajarc rassa. Pc prclgela /, j‗cjcttraig`e nerâ uie hrcvc vcrgng`e mg latarg c mcprcssgaic mg erge c pra`cmcrâ e rcejgzzerc j‗e``cisgaic, `elhgeima j‗g`aie me hgei`a e fgejja.

Fgejja

5 8 0 = 52

Uueima j‗g`aie pesse e `ajarc fgejja `g gimg`e `kc je stune ste rcejgzzeima uie e``cisgaic `ai j‗cstrettarc, `emute mg `alhustghgjc c rcsgstcize mg e``cisgaic nuizgaieima pcr `aiscfugrc je `alhustgaic gigzgejc.

3 >

Sie vajte `kc attcigela uie mgnncrcize mg tclpcreture rgspctta e qucjje rcfgstrete icj lalcita mcjj‗e``cisgaic, j‗g`aie `elhgcrâ e ui `ajarc ezzurra `cjcstc gimg`eima `kc sg trave gi pra`cssa mg prcrgs`ejmelcita, spcficrâ je rcsgstcize mg e``cisgaic c sg rcejgzzcrâ ui pra`cssa tatejlcitc eutaletgzzeta pcr `aiscfugrc uie `alhustgaic emcfuete pcr gj su``cssgva nuizgaielcita.

Ezzurra `cjcstc

^crmc

6

Uueima je tclpcreture icjj‗us`gte mg fes reffguifc g 522²@ c tres`arraia > lgiutg mejj‗e``cisgaic, j‗g`aie `elhgcrâ e ui `ajarc vcrmc gj `kc `g gimg`e `kc sg ë `ai`jusa gj pra`cssa mg e``cisgaic c evrcla e``cssa ejje rcfajezgaic mg `emute mg `alhustghgjc a ejje rcfajezgaic mcjje tclpcreture. Icj `esa gi `ug iai sg reffguife je summctte tclpcreture gi 53 lgiutg pesscrâ e gimg`erc j‗ejjerlc 77 (E277). ^cmcrc tehcjje mcfjg ejjerlg (puita >).

;3

 

Hgei`a

; 55 -0

Uueima sg cscfuc cscfuc ja spcfiglcita spcfiglcita mcjje stune, stune, j'g`aie mgvcitcrâ su``cssgvelcitc hgei`e c mapa rasse. J‗g`aie mgvcitcrâ hju sc je stune sg spcfic pcr tclpcreture c erei`gaic sc ë clcrsa ui ejjerlc.

Ezzurra lergia

-82

Gimg`e `kc ë gi ettcse mcjje prafrellezgaic.

Erei`gaic

-=

Uucste g`aie ë e``alpefiete me uie scfiejezgaic mcj lcsseffga mg sg`urczze. ^cmcrc puita > ejjerlg.

 

0.  0. 

@AI]XAJJA MCJJE ]EP]GCXE. 0.5.

E@@CIPGAIC. Rrgle e``cisgaic? prgle mg e``cimcrc je le``kgie, emcs`erc je `a`jce `a` jce mej lci÷ P.E.] ngia e queima iai `emc `alhustghgjc icj `cstcjja.

Ngfure 6

0.8.

PRCFIGLCI]A.  PRCFIGLCI]A. 

Ngfure ;

0.0.

E]]G^EXC A MGPE]]G^EXC GJ HJA@@A MCJJE ]EP]GCXE.

Ngfure 7

0.=.

PCJC_GAIC MG JGIFSE.

Ngfure 52

0.3.   0.3.

PAP]G]S_GAIC MCJ @ALHSP]GHGJC.

Rcr e``cmcrc e qucsta lciu, je cstune mcvc csscrc spcite c iai lastrerc icssui ejjerlc (steta 2).   Ner rgncrglcita ejje sczgaic 0 mcj ‚ Leiuejc mg gistejjezgaic c leiutcizgaic“. Mavrchhc tcicrc e lcitc `kc patrchhc csscrc ic`csserga effguifcrc ui e``cssarga pcr utgjgzzerc ui ejtra `alhustghgjc. Rrgle mg pra`cmcrc e tejc `elhgelcita `aisujterc gj vastra mgstrghutarc.

Ngfure 55 

;>

 

0.>.

GLRAP]E_GAIC ANNPC]P. Uucstc rcfajezgaig mcvaia csscrc puituejg, pcr`kç je stune vgcic rcfajete eutaletg`elcitc, icj `esa mg mavcr cnncttuerc uie rcfajezgaic `aitetterc gj mgstrghutarc.

Ngfure 58

0.6.

LAMA MG NSI_GAIELCI]A.

Rcr e``cmcrc e qucsta lciu, je cstune mcvc csscrc spcite c iai lastrerc icssui ejjerlc (steta 2).   J‗cjcttraig`e ke trc lamejgtâ? patcize, tclpcreture c clcrfcize. Rcr scjczgaierc ui lama a j'ejtra, sg e``cmc mejje s`kcrlete gigzgejc? 0.6.5. LAMA RA]CI_E. Gj `elpa mg rcfajezgaic ve mej jgvcjja 5 ej 7, 7 ë gj pg÷ ejta jgvcjja mg `emute mcj `alhustghgjc. Rcr eulciterc gj jgvcjja prclcrc je nrc``ge () c pcr ehhesserc je nrc``ge nrc``ge vcrsa gj hessa (). 

Ngfure 50

0.6.8. LAMA ]CLRCXE]SXE. Pc sg glpaste je lamejgtâ mg nuizgaielcita e tclpcreture, R serâ sastgtugta me ui ]. Paja mahhgella glpasterc qucste lamejgtâ sc sg ë `ajjcfete je saime `elcre a gj tcrlasteta jghcra mg tcisgaic c `ai gj emettetarc `arrcspaimcitc. Gj `elpa mg rcfajezgaic mcjje saime ë `alprcsa tre 58 ² @ c =2 ² @, qucst'ujtgle csscima je tclpcreture lessgle rcfajehgjc. Rcr eulciterc eulciterc je tclpcreture prclcrc je nrc``ge () c pcr ehhesserc prclcrc je nrc``ge vcrsa gj hessa ().

Ngfure 5=

Ngfure 53

Rcr uie rcfajezgaic pg÷ prc`gse mg qucsta lama, `aisujter gj puita 3.3.8 3.3.8.. 0.6.0. LAMA MC CLCXFCI_E. Uucsta lama sg mcvc utgjgzzerc saja gi `esa mg clcrfcize, fge``kç iai lclargzze je mcprcssgaic mg citrete mg erge, lamujezgaic mcj `alhustghgjc, gj `aivcttarc nuizgaicrâ ejje lessgle patcize mejj‗gigzga..  mejj‗gigzga..  SPEXC PAJA GI @EPA MG CLCXFCI_E C @ALC GIMG@E]A MEJ P.E.].

;6

 

 

Ngfure 5>

0.;.

EHGJG]EXC / MGPEHGJG]EXC @EJCIMEXGA.

Ngfure 56

0.7.

RXAFXELLE_GAIC @EJCIMEXGA ]EP]GCXE. Rrgle mg cnncttuerc uie prafrellezgaic mcj `ejcimerga, ` ejcimerga, vcrgng`erc c lamgng`erc, sc ic`csserga, je mete c j‗are `arrcitc. Je testgcre `aiscitc mg glpasterc mej lci÷ gj fgaria mcjje scttgleie, je mete (FF/LL/EE) c j'are (KK?LL narleta 8=k) mcjje @RS. Je testgcre iai prcvcmc gj `elhga eutaletg`a mcj nusa arerga. Rcrteita, gj `ejcimerga mcvc sclprc csscrc glpasteta `ai ja stcssa lczza (trelgtc testgcre a vge VCH), VCH), mej lalcita `kc sg patrchhcra prcsciterc mcg prahjclg mg mgnncrcize mg nusa arerga tre testgcre c VCH sc gj `ejcimerga vgcic glpasteta `aitclpareicelcitc me mgvcrsg lczzg (trelgtc testgcre c vge VCH).

Ngfure 5; 

@aiscitc mg glpasterc uie prafrellezgaic `ai ui lessgla mg = nes`c arergc pcr afig fgaria mcjje scttgleie. Jc nes`c keiia 0 `ajaiic `aingfurehgjg? Are mg gigzga mcjje nes`ge, lamejgtâ (jgvcjja patcize, spcfiglcita, sthy) c tclpcreture elhgcitc (e sc`aime mcjje `aingfurezgaic mcjje le``kgie).

 

Pcjczgaie gj fgaria me prafrellerc. Afig fgaria `arrgspaimc e ui lamcjja. Me Malcig`e e Peheta (rgspcttgvelcitc lamcjjg me 2 e 6) Ehgjgte a mgsehgjgte gj `ejcimerga. @apge gj lamcjja mcj fgaria scjczgaieta scjczgaieta e?



 



 

Fgaria gi pertg`ajerc. EJJ ]uttg g fgarig. Fgarig mcjje scttgleie (Me Juicmê e VDM ^cicrmê)  VDI Ngic scttgleie (Peheta c Malcig`e)  Ettgve a mgsettgve `apge mcj lamcjja. Pctpagit mcjje tclpcreture elhgcitc mg afig nes`ge arerge . Ppcita.  IA  Xgspctte nes`ge prc`cmcitc.  

Rravvcmc E@P c rgs`ejmelcita. Rrgargtâ E@P. Rravvcmc saja rgs`ejmelcita. Rravvcmc saja E@P.

=.  =. 

@AJJCFELCI]A EJJE P]SNE ME USEJPGEPG MGPRAPG]G^A @KC RCXLC]]C GJ @AJJCFELCI]A VGXCJCPP.

Je prgle `ase `kc scrvc ë sepcrc j'gmcitgng`ezgaic mcjje rctc wgrcjcss mcjje stune (PPGM) c je pesswarm pcr je rctc. Je puø traverc su ui emcsgva emcsgva (stg`dcr) sglgjc ejj‗csclpga ejj‗csclpga gi ngfure 86 , `ai je pesswarm pcr je `aiicssgaic Vg-Ng mcjje stune gi 0 pastg?

;7

 

• • •

  Refgie 5 mg qucsta leiuejc.   @RS mcjje le``kgie.   E``eita ej emcsgva `ai gj iulcra mg scrgc mcjje le``kgie.

   

PI? I¿ mg scrgejc @RS - Ialc - Stcitc. Stcitc. PPGM? Xctc VgNg argfgiejc. RVM? Resswarm mcjje rctc VgNg. Resswarm pefgie wch mcjje stune(; `erettcrg).



IC]? Rarte mg rcgimgrgzzelcita. Ngfure 86

Mahhgela traverc c `aiicttcrsg ejje rctc scize ngjg mejje stune, qugimg mahhgela giscrgrc je pesswarm gimg`ete sujj'emcsgva, rgspctteima tuttg g `erettcrg ejneiulcrg`g mcjje pesswarm cm ë `esc scisgtgvc. Sie vajte je `aiicssgaic ë stehgjgte, gllcttcrc suj hrawscr Vch mcj vastra mgspasgtgva, j'SXJ? kttp?//578.5>;.0.5   kttp?//578.5>;.0.5 Ngfure 8;

E``cmcima ejj'gitcrne``ge wch, `g puø rg`kgcmcrc j'eutcitg`ezgaic.

 

PI? I¿ mg scrgejc @RS - Ialc - Stcitc. Stcitc. Resswarm pefgie wch mcjje stune(; `erettcrg).

Ngfure 87 

Pc gj mgspasgtgva ë utgjgzzeta `ai pg÷ rctg (stune, VgNg mg `ese, VgNg jevara, c``) sg mcvc fereitgrc `kc queima ne``gela quej`ase sujje stune , qucste mcvc csscrc `ajjcfete ejje stcsse rctc VgNg. 

3.  3. 

GI]CXNE@@GE VCH. 3.5.   3.5.

          

P@KCXLA RXGI@GREJC.

P`kcrla prgi`gpejc. Jctture mg lcsseffg. E``cisgaic / spcfiglcita. @aingfurezgaic. Pcjczgaic `alhustghgjc. Gi`rclcita - mc`rclcita `alhustghgjc a tclpcr. Rrafrellezgaic mg e``cisgaic / spcfiglcita. ]clpcreture gitcrie `ese. ]clpcreture elhgcitc glpastete. _aie arerge, jgifue c lamejgtâ E@P / Xgs`ejmelcita. Lamejgtâ E@P / Xgs`ejmelcita (LAMCJJG E@USE). Ngfure 02 

72

 

3.5.5.   JC]]SXE MG LCPPEFFG. 3.5.5.

     

@aingfurezgaig. Lama mg nuizgaielcita (R, L a C)* Jafa C`anarcst. Lcsseffga mg sg`urczze. (I a Exx)** Mete ettuejc. Are ettuejc. * Ruita 3.3. Ratcize, tclpcreture a clcrfcize ** Ruita > Ejerlg (E[[[).

3.8.   3.8.

   

 

R

I

05/26/825= 57?28 Ngfure 05

@AINGFSXE_GAIC MG JGIFSE, MG _AIE AXEXGE C PCJC_GAIC LAMEJG]Â E@P / XGP@EJMELCI]A (LAMCJJG E@USE).

]uttc jc stunc `kc cs`aia mejje nehhrg`e saia prc`aingfuretc `ai je zaie arerge mcjje Ppefie (Curape/Lemrgm), c je jgifue spefiaje.

    

G`aie mg e``cssa ejje scjczgaic mg jgifue. _aie arerge*. Jgifue. Pcjczgaic lamejgtâ E@P / Xgs`ejmelcita (LAMCJJG E@USE)**. Xgtaria ejje s`kcrlete prgi`gpejc.

* Je zaie arerge mcvc csscrc sclprc ufuejc e qucjje mcjje stune. ** Paja jc `ejmegc je `ug cjcttraig`e fcstgs`e E@P + Xgs`ejmelcita `ai vejvaje e 0 vgc.  Ngfure 08 

3.0.  3.0. 

PCJC_GAIC MG @ALHSP]GHGJC.

Rcr e``cmcrc e qucsta lciu, je cstune mcvc csscrc spcite c iai lastrerc icssui ejjerlc (steta 2).   @aisujterc icjje sczgaic 0 mcj ‚Leiuejc ‚ Leiuejc mg gistejjezgaic c leiutcizgaic“ leiutcizgaic“ jc `erettcrgstg`kc mcj `alhustghgjc me utgjgzzerc c j‗cvcituejc ic`cssgtâ rcjetgve ej laiteffga mg quej`kc e``cssarga lc``eig`a. Gj `alhustghgjc scjczgaieta serâ vgsuejgzzeta gi cvgmcize gi rassa.

    

Pcjczgaic `alhustghgjc *.  Ia``gaja mg ajgve. Fus`ga mg leimarje. Rcjjct. Xgtaria ejja s`kcrla prgi`gpejc.

* Pc scjczgaigela ui `alhustghgjc mgnncrcitc mej  pcjjct, sg vgsuejgzzcrâ ui lcsseffga mg evvcrtglcita. Ngfure 00

75

 

3.=.  3.=. 

  

LCI× ^GPSEJG__E_GAIC MG ME]G.

  

G`aie mg e``cssa e vgsuejgzzezgaic mg metg. P`kcrla mg vgsuejgzzezgaic mg metg. Xgtaria ejje s`kcrla prgi`gpejc. Glp. Lamejgtâ nuizgaielcita c s`kclg gmreujg`g (lamcjjg e`que). (PE]). E``cssa e s`kcle gmreujg`a glpasteta. Lci÷ annsct.

  

Lci÷ PE]. @aiicssgaic e Gitcrict. CEPWIC]. Ginarlezgaig suj santwerc. Ngfure 0=

Lcsseffg sujja s`kcrla ]clp. saime I]@

Mcs`rgzgaic ]clpcreture `kc rgs`aitre gj nuizgaielcita mcj `aivcttarc (lamcjjg mg erge) a mcj `gr`ugta mg e`que (lamcjjg mg e`que).

]clpcreture mg fes

]clpcreture icjj‗us`gte mg fes.

]clpcreture mg @RS

]clpcreture gitcrie mcjje @RS

]clpcreture elhgcitc

]clpcreture elhgcitc, tcigela `aiicsse saja je saime mgscelhgcitc. Rcr`cituejc mg vajteffga (gi hesc ejje rctc cjcttrg`e) `kc ke rg`cvuta j‗cstrettarc mg us`gte mg fes. Rcr`cituejc mg vajteffga (gi hesc ejje rctc cjcttrg`e) `kc rg`cvc gj vcitgjetarc mg `aivczgaic.

^cja`gtâ mcjj‗cstrettarc ^cja`gtâ mcj `aivcttarc Mcp. citrete erge

Ë je mcprcssgaic rgs`aitrete icj tuha mg citrete mcjj‗erge.

Rrgla jgvcjja mg erge mcp.

^ejarc lclargzzeta gi nehhrg`e.

Pteta

Pteta mg nuizgaielcita*

Jgvcjja patcize

Jgvcjja mg `emute mg `alhustghgjc

E``cisgaig

Iulcra mg e``cisgaig mcjje stune.

Nuizgaielcita tatejc

@alc gj sua ialc gimg`e, arc mg nuizgaielcita mcjje stune.

]. pcjjct AI

Pc`aimg `kc nuizgaie gj latarc mcj scize ngic.

]. pcjjct ANN

]clpa gi `ug spcita gj latarc mcj scize ngic.

Xcsgstcize e``cisgaic

E``cisgaic (5) a spcfiglcita mcjje rcsgstcize (2). Rrcssgaic mcjj‗e`que icj `gr`ugta gmreujg`a (saja lamcjjg mg e`que).

Rrcssgaic e`que Lamcjja Lama `aitrajja Iulcra scrgc @RS

Lamcjja mg stune `kc ehhgela. Lama mg nuizgaielcita pcr patcize (R), tclpcreture (]) a clcrfcize (C). Iulcra mg scrgc mcjje @RS, eiiateta ei`kc icjj‗ctg`kctte mcjje lcmcsgle

Xeifa -52 e 62²@ lamcjjg erge. 52 e ;0²@ gi e`que -52 e 832²@, sc`aima lamcjjg -52 e >3²@ -52 e =2²@ 2 e 522% 2 e 522% 2 e 532Re (sc`aima lamcjja). 62 e 532Re (sc`aima lamcjja).   lamcjja). Me -= e 82 (`aisujterc PE]). Mej 5 ej 7 E``cisgaig `aitehgjgzzetc mejja steta 2. Arc `aitehgjgzzetc mejja steta 2. ^erge gi nuizgaic mcj jgvcjja mcjje patcize. ^erge gi nuizgaic mcjje quejgtâ mcj `alhustghgjc. ^erge me 2 e 5 Rrcssgaic mcjj‗e`que gi her ^erge gi nuizgaic mcj lamcjja. ^cmcrc puitg 8.> gi eveitg ^erge gi nuizgaic mcjje @RS.

Lcsseffga mg ejjerlc

Lcsseffga mg ejjerlc (Exx).

^cmcrc tehcjje mg

78

 

ejjerlg. @alhustghgjc

Rcjjct

^crsgaic Pantwerc

^crsgaic mg santwerc mcj @RS

VgNg

C`anarcst[[[[[[[[

3.3.   3.3.

Rcjjct, ia``gaja, f. leimarje.

^erge gi nuizgaic mcj @RS. PPGM mcjje stune

LAMG MG NSI_GAIELCI]A.

Rcr e``cmcrc e qucsta lciu, je cstune mcvc csscrc spcite c iai lastrerc icssui ejjerlc (steta 2).   J‗cjcttraig`e mgspaic mg trc lamg mg nuizgaielcita, patcize, tclpcreture c clcrfcize. Rcr ja`ejgzzerc j‗uhg`ezgaic mcjje lcizgaiete g`aie passgela vcmcrc je  ngfure 03. Mg scfugta sg spgcfe gi narle freng`e `alc scjczgaierc quejuiquc lama tre qucjjg gimg`etg?

     

G`aie mg e``cssa e `aingfurezgaic. Pcjczgaic mg lama mg nuizgaielcita.  Mgvcrsg lamg mg nuizgaielcita. Xgtaria ej lciu prc`cmcitc. @aingfurezgaic mcj lama tclpcreture. Xgtaria e s`kcrla prgi`gpejc. Ngfure 03

3.3.5.  LAMA RA]CI_E. Lama R? Ratcize.

Ë gj lama mg `aingfurezgaic `kc vgcic pcr mgnctta mg nehhrg`e. Gi qucsta jgvcjja patrcla scjczgaierc `ai jc g`aic mg + c ‐ pg÷ a lcia je `emute mg `alhustghgjc-

Lama R? Ratcize.

Gj reifa mg rcfajezgaic ve mej jgvcjja 5 ej 7, csscima gj 7 gj jgvcjja mg `emute lessgle mg `alhustghgjc.

3.3.8.   LAMA ]CLRCXE]SXE. 3.3.8. Lama ]? ]clpcreture. (Lamcjjg erge)

Ë qucjja gimg`eta pcr jevarerc ejje tclpcreture elhgcitc. Pcjczgaieima qucsta lama gj vejarc mg `emute mcj `alhustghgjc `alhustghgjc serâ sastgtugte me ui uiee tclpcreture mg elhgcitc mg jevara. Ë glparteitc gimg`erc `kc mahhgela mgsparrc mg uie saime mg elhgcitc pcr patcr jevarerc gi qucsta lama.

Lama ]? ]clpcreture. (Lamcjjg e`que)

Gi hesc ejja s`kcle gmreujg`a, scjczgaieima qucste lamejgtâ gj vejarc mg `emute mg `alhustghgjc serâ sastgtugta me uie tclpcreture elhgcitc mg jevara a me estcrgs`kg.

Lama ]? ]clpcreture.

Gj reifa mg rcfajezgaic ë tre 58²@ c =2²@, csscima csscima qucst‗ujtgle je tclpcreture lessgle rcfajehgjc.

Rcr rcejgzzerc j‗ettgvezgaic mcj lama tclpcreture mahhgela `aitgiuerc e prclcrc j‗g`aie mg `aingfurezgaic mcjja s`kcrla prgi`gpejc, `asê `alc vgcic gimg`eta icjje ngfure 0>.

70

 

 

  

Pcjczgaic mg lama tclpcreture. G`aie mg e``cssa e `aingfurezgaic.  Resswarm (PE]).

Ngfure 0>

LAMCJJG EGXC. Uueima gitramu`gela j‗utcitc c je pesswarm e``cmgela ejja s`kcrla mg scjczgaic mcj tgpa c mcjje nuizgaic mcj scisarc, mg nehhrg`e vgcic scjczgaiete j‗apzgaic ‗Icssuia‗4 ettgvcrcla je nuizgaic tclpcreture essg`ureima`g `kc ehhgela `aiicssa je saime mg tclpcreture icj parta mcjjc `aluig`ezgaig (MH7). Rassgela utgjgzzerc j‗apzgaic mg mgnncrcizgejc mg tclpcreture saja sc seppgela `kc je iastre `ese passgcmc ui gsajelcita `arrctta. Gj nuizgaielcita ë rcejlcitc sclpjg`c, `aingfureima je tclpcreture mg jevara `ai g lamcjjg mg prafrellezgaic, gi`jusa scjczgaieima mgvcrsc tclpcreturc pcr afig are mg jevara, sclprc gi narle `acrcitc, j‗cjcttraig`e `cr`kcrâ je tclpcreture gimg`ete.

  

Ettgvezgaic mg tgpa mg scisarc. @aingfurezgaic mcj mgnncrcizgejc

mg

tclpcreture. @elhgerc lama lgigla e e``csa /spcita. / spcita.

Ngfure 06

Uueima ettgvgela j‗e``cisgaic a ja spcfiglcita pcr tclpcreture mahhgela `aingfurerc g mgnncrcizgejg pcr j‗evvgelcita c ja spcfiglcita mcjje stune. Uucsta U ucsta lama mg nuizgaielcita ë `aisgfjgehgjc saja gi `esc hci gsajetc.

 

Ettgvezgaic mcjje nuizgaie e``csa /spcita. @aingfurezgaic mcj mgnncrcizgejc mg tclpcreture pcr j‗e``cisgaic /spcfiglcita. / spcfiglcita.

Ngfure 0;

LAMCJJG E@USE. Sie vajte `kc sg citre j'utcitc c je pesswarm, sg e``cmc ejje s`kcrlete mg scjczgaic mg tgpa mg s`kcle gmreujg`a, csscima gj laiazaie gj vejarc prcmcngigta prcmcngigta mg nehhrg`e. Ej puita puita puita  puita 3.;  saia  saia gjjustretc jc mgvcrsc vergctâ mg s`kclg.

  

P`kcle gmreujg`a. Pcjczgaic mcjje saime c tcrlasteta elhgcitc. Pcjczgaic mg ui scisarc a muc.



E``cssa ejje `aingfurezgaic mcjja s`kcle (P.E.]).

Ngfure 07 

7=

 

Gj nuizgaielcita ë vcrelcitc sclpjg`c, glpasteima je tclpcreture mg jevara icg lamujg mcfjg s`kclg gmreujg`g, ei`kc scjczgaieima mgnncrcitg tclpcreturc pcr `ges`uie are mg jevara, sclprc gi lama `acrcitc, j‗cjcttraig`e rg`cr`kcrâ je tclpcreture gimg`ete.

  

Rertc mg s`kcle gmreujg`a. @aingfurezgaic mcj mgnncrcizgejc tclpcreture. @elhgerc me lama lgigla e AI/ANN.

mg

Ngfure =2

Uueima ettgvgela j‗e``cisgaic a ja spcfiglcita pcr tclpcreture mahhgela `aingfurerc g mgnncrcizgejg pcr j‗evvgelcita c ja spcfiglcita mcjje stune. Uucsta U ucsta lama mg nuizgaielcita ë `aisgfjgehgjc saja gi `esc hci gsajetc.

   

Rertc mcjja s`kcle gmreujg`a. @aingfurezgaic mcj mgnncrcizgejc mg tclpcreture.  Ettgvezgaic mcjje nuizgaie e``csa /spcita. @aingfurezgaic mcj mgnncrcizgejc mg tclpcreture pcr j‗e``cisgaic /spcfiglcita. / spcfiglcita.

Ngfure =5

NSI_GAIELCI]A C @ALRAX]ELCI]A MCJJC @AINGFSXE_GAIC MCJJE PAIME ELHGCI]C. Freng`a mg csclpga mg `aitrajja pcr saime mc elhgcitc `ai apzgaic ‚Ann/Ai“ mgsettgvete?

    

Ν]@5 pcr mgnctta 5²@ (vcmcrc ngfurc06 (vcmcrc ngfurc06 a =2). 



Stcitc `elhge je stune leiuejlcitc.

Stcitc e``cimc je stune leiuejlcitc. ]clpcreture ahgcttgva scjczgaieta icj lci÷ prgi`gpejc 

@elhge e jgvcjja 5 (lgigla). @elhge e jgvcjja 7 mg nuizgaielcita. Ngfure =8 

Freng`a mg csclpga mg `aitrajja pcr saime mc elhgcitc `ai apzgaic ‚Ann/Ai“ ettgvete?

        

Stcitc e``cimc je stune leiuejlcitc. ]clpcreture ahgcttgva scjczgaieta icj lci÷ prgi`gpejc 

Ν]@5 pcr mgnctta 5²@ (vcmcrc ngfurc (vcmcrc ngfurc 0; a =5). 

@elhge e jgvcjja 5 (lgigla). @elhge e jgvcjja 7 mg nuizgaielcita. Ν]@ANN  Mgnncrcize mg tclpcreture pcr ja spcfiglcita. Ppcfiglcita mg stune pcr tclpcreture elhgcitc. Ν]@AI Mgnncrcize mg tclpcreture pcr e``cisgaic.

E``cisgaic pcr rg`kgcste mg tclpcreture.  Ngfure =0

73

 

Uueima je stune ë spcite gi quejuiquc lama mg tclpcreture cm ë praite pcr csscrc rggigzgete vcmrcla rgnjcssa icjja s`kcrla prgi`gpejc? Hju lergia

J‗g`aie rglerrâ ngssete gi hju pcr gimg`er`g `kc je stune ë ncrle gi ettcse mg csscrc e``cse, teita lcmgeitc uie prafrellezgaic `alc pcr tclpcreture.

3.3.0. LAMA CLCXFCI_E. Uucsta lama sg mcvc utgjgzzerc saja gi `esa mg clcrfcize, fge``kç iai lclargzze je mcprcssgaic mg citrete mg erge, lamujezgaic mcj `alhustghgjc, gj `aivcttarc nuizgaicrâ ejje lessgle patcize mejj‗gigzga.  mejj‗gigzga.   SPEXC PAJA GI @EPA MG CLCXFCI_E C @ALC GIMG@E]A MEJ P.E.].  P.E.]. 

  

G`aia mc e``csa e `aingfure`gði. G`aia mc scjc``gði mc lama mc nui`gaielgcita.

Lama mc clcrfci`ge.

Ngfure ==

Lama C? Clcrfcize. 3.>. 

   

SPEXC PAJA GI @EPA MG CLCXFCI_E C @ALC GIMG@E]A MEJ P.E.].

LCI× ANNPC].

G`aie mg e``cssa ej lci÷ annsct. Jgvcjja patcize mg evvga. Lamgng`erc annsct. (P.E.]). Lci÷ pujgzge (lamcjjg e`que). (P.E.]). 

Ngfure =3

3.6.   3.6.

RXAFXELLE_GAIC @EJCIMEXGA VCH.

Je narle mg prafrellerc je stune sg puø cnncttuerc gi lama scttgleiejc rgiiavehgjc scfucima mcg lamcjjg, prafrellezgaig rcfgstretc mg nehhrg`e tatejlcitc `aingfurehgjg me pertc mcjj‗utcitc, a gi narle tatejlcitc pcrsaiejgzzete scjczgaieima gj reifa mg arc, tclpcreture c jgvcjja mg `emute mg `alhustghgjc. Ratrcla prafrellerc ngia e 72 fgarig `aiteima e pertgrc mejje mete ettuejc. Nercla tejc prafrellezgaic sclprc gi narle freng`e, `aingfureima g trc perelctrg gi narle repgme c sclpjg`c. Rcr qucsta pujscrcla sujj‗g`aie `kc ke narle mg `ejcimerga. Sie vajte rcejgzzete je prafrellezgaic sge `ai ui lamcjja `alc `ai uie spc`gng`ezgaic nette su lgsure, ettgvcrcla tejc prafrellezgaic prclcima gj puita . Je mgsettgvezgaic mcjjc prafrellezgaig sg rcejgzze mgsettgveima tejc puita.

   

E``cssa e prafrellezgaig. Eiia ettuejc. Rrafrellezgaic mgsettgvete. Rrafrellezgaic ettgvete.

Ngfure => 

7>

 

Rrclcima sujj‗g`aie gimg`ete gi prc`cmcize e``cmcrcla ejja s`kcrla mcg lamcjjg mg prafrellezgaic.

   

@ejcimerga ettuejc. Pcjczgaic c `aingfurezgaic mg lamcjjg. Rrafrellezgaic scttgleiejc. Xgtaria ejja s`kcrla prgi`gpejc.

Ngfure =6

Rcr scjczgaierc je prafrellezgaic fgariejgcre ë sunng`gcitc prclcrc suj fgaria `kc vafjgela prafrellerc, pcr csclpga gj 5> Fgufia 825> c sg eprgrâ uia s`kcrla `alc qucjja mcs`rgtta mg scfugta?

  

@ejcimerga ettuejc, `ai fgarig prafrellehgjg Lamcjja prcmcngigta ej fgaria scjczgaieta Lamgng`erc je prafrellezgaic prcesscfiete ej fgaria. @aingfurezgaic mg lamcjjg.

 

Rrafrellezgaic scttgleiejc pcr lamcjjg Xgtaria ejja s`kcrla prgi`gpejc.



Ngfure =;

Jc mgnncrcizc prgi`gpejg tre gj puita  c gj puita , saia `kc je prgle saia prafrellezgaig prcstehgjgtc mg nehhrg`e `kc pur csscima lamgng`ehgjg saia fgâ lclargzzetc pcr ne`gjgterc ejj‗utcitc je jara eppjg`ezgaic. Je ‛prafrellezgaic fgaria‗ `g pcrlcttcrâ mg lamgng`erc ui lamcjja prcesscfieta icj fgaria scjczgaieta. Pc mcsgmcrgela prafrellerc saja ui fgaria gi qucstgaic prclcrcla sujj‗g`aie `kc gimg`e ‛Rrafrellezgaic Fgaria‗ () e``cmcrcla ej lamcjja mg prafrellezgaic prcesscfieta icj fgaria scjczgaieta?

 Fgaria me prafrellerc.  Nes`c arergc (mejjc 22?22 ejjc 80?22).





@ajaiie tclpcreture. Xgspctte gj vejarc glpasteta icjje Gfuej nes`ge arerge prc`cmcitc.  Pctpagit tclpcreture (reifc 2,3 ²@). 58-=2 Icjjc stunc em erge ë prcvgsta saja gi lamejgtâ ]clpcreture.  @ajaiie Ratcize. Gfuej Xgspctte je nes`ge prc`cmcitc.  Xgspctte g `aleimg sthy (LAMCJJG P]-HW E@USE). ANN Le``kgie spcite. Iai rgspctte sthy. Jgvcjja patcize. @aleima mg 5-7 e``cisgaic, treiic sc csgstc ui

`aleima mg sthy(GLRAX]EI]C) mgnncrcitc.    (GLRAX]EI]C)   Pejverc prafrellezgaic  Xgtaria ejja s`kcrla prc`cmcitc.  Xgtaria ejje s`kcrla prgi`gpejc.

Ngfure =7

76

 

3.6.5. LAMCJJG MG RXAFXELLE_GAIC. Rcr `aingfurerc quejuiquc lamcjja sg mcvc scjczgaierc gj lamcjja mcsgmcreta c vergerc a `aingfurerc g perelctrg mcsgmcretg icjja stcssa lama `kc sg ë eppjg`eta icjje prafrellezgaic fgariejgcre spgcfeta icj puita prc`cmcitc. Ë glparteitc vejgmerc je lcizgaiete scjczgaic prclcima sejverc (puita , ngfure =7) mapa evcr rcejgzzeta rcejgzzeta je prafrellezgaic.

   

P`kclg 5 - 6. Xgtaria ejja s`kcrla prc`cmcitc. Eppjg`erc gj `elhgelcita prafrellezgaig prc`cmcitg. Xgtaria ejje s`kcrla prgi`gpejc.

sujjc

Ngfure 32

3.6.8. RXAFXELLE_GAIC PC]]GLEIEJC RCX LAMCJJG. Rcr e``cmcrc ejje prafrellezgaic scttgleiejc mahhgela prclcrc je sue g`aie (ngfure 57) c e``cmcrcla ejja s`kcrla mg prafrellezgaic. Gi csse mahhgela gimg`erc gi afig fgaria mcjje scttgleie `kc lamcjja vafjgela utgjgzzerc, sejverc je prafrellezgaic c su``cssgvelcitc ehgjgterc je prafrellezgaic tejc c `alc vgcic gimg`eta icj puita  mcjje ngfure 35. Uucsta iuava lamcjja scttgleiejc sg eppjg`kcrâ e tuttg g fgarig e pertgrc mej fgaria f garia `arrcitc.

     

E``cssa e prafrellezgaic scttgleiejc. Pcjczgaic mg lamcjja. Fgarig mcjje scttgleie me prafrellerc. G`aie me sejverc prafrellezgaic. Xgtaria ejje s`kcrla prc`cmcitc. Xgtaria ejje s`kcrla prgi`gpejc.

Ngfure 35

3.;.   3.;.

^GPSEJG__E_GAIC VCH P@KCLE GMXESJG@A (LAMCJJG E@USE).

Je `aingfurezgaic mg qucsta lci÷ mcvc csscrc cnncttuete me ui tc`ig`a gistejjetarc a me ui tc`ig`a mg `ejmegc, `kc mcvc rcfajerc g verg puitg mg evvga c mg errcsta mcjje `ejmege.   Je scjczgaic mg `ges`ui s`kcle sg cnncttucrâ icjja stcssa lama, pcrteita cvgtcrcla mg rgpctcrc g pessg pcr tuttg fjg s`kclg, vcmcrc gj puita 3.3.8 3.3.8,, ngfure 07.  Ejj'gitcria mg tuttg fjg s`kclg ehhgela mcfjg cjclcitg `aluig, g quejg vcrreiia spgcfetg sajelcitc je prgle vajte, pcr cvgterc je jara rgpctgzgaic gi tuttg g puitg.

7;

 

               

Iulcra mg s`kcle gmreujg`a ci R, ] ct C (Rta >.3).  

 

@ejmege C`anarcst. Xgtaria ejje s`kcrlete prc`cmcitc. @aingfurezgaic mcjja s`kcle (PE]). Rcr`cituejc c tclpcreture mcjje palpe. _aie 5, rgs`ejmelcita vcrsa g remgetarg. Ginarlezgaig sujje scjczgaic mg saime a mg tcrlasteta. Xgtaria ejje s`kcrlete prgi`gpejc. Ginarlezgaig sujje scjczgaic mg nuizgaielcita. G rgquemrg vcrmg sai vgsuejgzzezgaig ginarletgvc. G rgquemrg hgei`kg saia glpastehgjg mejj'utcitc. Ralpe mg e``cjcrezgaic. ^ejvaje e 0 vgc. G rgquemrg rassg gimg`eia g jglgtg. Mcpasgta c metg `aingfuretg icjj'E@P. Mcpasgta c metg mg gicrzge. Ngfure 38

P@KCLE LAIA_AIE (uie zaie mg remgetarg `aitrajjete me saime elhgcitc). P@KCLE 25.  25.  Ë ja s`kcle pg÷ sclpjg`c, meta `kc j'utcitc puø scjczgaierc je tclpcreture mg glpujsa, gj reifc mg tejc tclpcreture serâ tre g 32² c g 63²@. C qucjja sg steim-hy tre g 32² c g 63²@. ]ejg reifc mcvaia csscrc prcmctcrlgietg mejj'gistejjetarc c qucjja mg steim-hy iai puø csscrc gincrgarc e qucjja mg glpujsa mg rgs`ejmelcita. Gj vejarc vergehgjc me pertc mcj `jgcitc ë qucjja mcjje tclpcreture elhgcitc, je `aingfurezgaic mg nehhrg`e prcvcmc `kc ej reffguifglcita mcjje tclpcreture elhgcitc `aingfurete mejj'utcitc, je `ejmege ` ejmege pessg ej jgvcjja lgigla, tejc nuizgaielcita ë qucjja `aisgfjgeta, schhcic j'gistejjetarc passe ettgverc je nuizgaic mg e``cisgaic/spcfiglcita () `ai ui mgnncrcizgejc mg tclpcreture, tejg mgnncrcizgejg sereiia vgsuejgzzetg suj mgspjey ( ).

    

]clpcreture mg glpujsa (stehgjgte mejj'gistejjetarc). ]clpcreture mg steim-hy ( stehgjgte mejj'gistejjetarc ). Nuizgaic mg AI/ANN a lgigla. ]clpcreture elhgcitc mcsgmcrete (stehgjgte mejj'utcitc ). Mgnncrcizgejg

mg

tclpcreture

(stehgjgte

mejj'gistejjetarc). Ngfure 30

P@KCLE LAIA_AIE (uie zaie vcrsa g remgetarg `aitrajjete me tcrlasteta mc elhgcitc). P@KCLE 20. Ja s`kcle c gj nuizgaielcita trelgtc tcrlasteta mg elhgcitc saia ufuejg ej prc`cmcitc, sejva pcr gj netta `kc gi qucsta sgstcle ia passgela rcfajerc icssui mgnncrcizgejc mg tclpcreture, meta `kc g `aleimg mcj sgstcle vcifaia metg me ui `aitetta epcrta a `kgusa (tcrlasteta e ngjg, wgrcjcss, c``). J'uig`e nuizgaic `aingfurehgjc me pertc mcjj'gistejjetarc ë qucjje rcjetgve ej nuizgaielcita queima vgcic rg`cvuta gj `aleima. Je `aingfurezgaic mg mcneujt ë qucjje mcj lgigla, schhcic sg passe glpasterc qucjje mg AI/ANN.

77

 

 

  

]clpcreture mg glpujsa mejj'gistejjetarc). ]clpcreture mg steim-hy mejj'gistejjetarc ). Nuizgaic mg AI/ANN a lgigla.

(stehgjgte

( stehgjgte

Ngfure 3=

P@KCLE LAIA_AIE + [email protected] (ui scisarc), `aitrajjete me saime elhgcitc. P@KCLE 50. Gj nuizgaielcita ë ja stcssa rgspctta ejjc prc`cmcitg `aingfurezgaig, sejva je rcfajezgaic mcjje tclpcreture mg jevara mcjj‗e`que `ejme seigterge ([email protected].) pcr je quejc j‗gistejjetarc mcvc glpasterc jc tclpcreturc mg jevara mcj sgstcle () c g mgnncrcizgejg mg tclpcreture mcjj‗E@P ( ). Ejja stcssa lama, gj scisarc mcjj‗E@P ( ) mcvc csscrc `arrcttelcitc laiteta pcr attcicrc uie huaie jctture.

    

]clpcreturc mg steim-hy, glpujsa rgs`ejmelcita c E@P (stehgjgtc mejj'gistejjetarc). Nuizgaic mg AI/ANN a lgigla. ]clpcreture elhgcitc mcsgmcrete (stehgjgte mejj‗utcitc). ]clpcreture  E@P mcsgmcrete mejj‗utcitc). ]clpcreture rcfgstrete mej mcjj‗e``ulujetarc mcjj‗E@P.

(stehgjgte scisarc

Ngfure 33

P@KCLE LAIA_AIE + [email protected] (muc scisarg), `aitrajjete me saime elhgcitc. P@KCLE 23. Gj sgstcle ë csettelcitc ufuejc ej prc`cmcitc, `ai je mgnncrcize mcj sgstcle mcg scisarg mcjj‗E@P `kc gi qucste `aingfurezgaic ic prcscite 8, g quejg, `alc icjja s`kcle prc`cmcitc, mcvaia csscrc laitetg c glpastetg mejj‗gistejjetarc, uia eimrâ icjje pertc ejte (]5) c j‗ejtra (]8) icjje pertc hesse mcj mcpasgta mcjj‗E@P.

    

]clpcreturc mg (stehgjgtc steim-hy, glpujsa rgs`ejmelcita c E@P mejj'gistejjetarc). Nuizgaic mg AI/ANN a lgigla. ]clpcreture elhgcitc mcsgmcrete (stehgjgte mejj‗utcitc).  ]clpcreture E@P mcsgmcrete (stehgjgte mejj‗utcitc). ]clpcreture ]clpcretu re rcfgstrete mej scisarc mcjj‗e``ulujetarc mcjj‗E@P. Ngfure 3>

P@KCLE LAIA_AIE + [email protected] (ui scisarc), `aitrajjete me tcrlasteta elhgcitc. P@KCLE 53. Gi qucsta s`kcle patrcla sajelcitc rcfajerc icj tehjct je tclpcreture mg jevara mcjj‗E@P, jes`geimaa je tclpcreture elhgcitc ej tcrlasteta `kc ehhgela mgspaighgjc. Gj iastra gistejjetarc stehgjgrâ j‗apzgaic mg AI/ANN mg lgigla `kc ë qucjje `kc rgsujte mg mcneujt icj sgstcle, `asê `alc jc tclpcreturc mcjj‗e`que c g jara rgspcttgvg mgnncrcizgejg. J‗E@P serâ laigtareta me ui saja scisarc icj mcpasgta.

522

 

 

    

]clpcreturc mg steim-hy, glpujsa rgs`ejmelcita c E@P (stehgjgtc mejj'gistejjetarc). Nuizgaic mg AI/ANN a lgigla. Gimg`etarc mg scjczgaic tcrlasteta a saime.  ]clpcreture E@P mcsgmcrete (stehgjgte mejj‗utcitc). ]clpcreture ]clpcretu re rcfgstrete mej scisarc mcjj‗e``ulujetarc mcjj‗E@P. Ngfure 36

P@KCLE LAIA_AIE + [email protected] (muc scisarg), `aitrajjete me tcrlasteta elhgcitc. P@KCLE 26. @alc icj `esa mcjja s`kcle prc`cmcitc, patrcla sajelcitc rcfajerc je tclpcreture mcjj‗E@P, le gi qucste a``esgaic gj mcpasgta serâ laigtareta me muc scisarg sgtuetg c glpastetg mejj‗gistejjetarc.



]clpcreturc mg steim-hy, glpujsa rgs`ejmelcita c E@P (stehgjgtc mejj'gistejjetarc). Nuizgaic mg AI/ANN a lgigla. Gimg`etarc mg scjczgaic tcrlasteta a saime.  ]clpcreture E@P mcsgmcrete (stehgjgte mejj‗utcitc).



]clpcretu ]clpcreture re rcfgstrete mcjj‗e``ulujetarc mcjj‗E@P.

  

mej

scisarc Ngfure 3;

MCRAPG]A MG GICX_GE `ai 5 c 8 scisarg c [email protected]. `ai 5 c 8 scisarg. P@KCLG >5, 30, 87 C 85. Gi qucsta `esa reffruppgela = s`kclg, meta `kc j‗uig`e mgnncrcize ë mete mej iulcra mcg scisarg mgspaighgjg pcr laigtarerc g verg mcpasgtg, qucjja mg gicrzge c qucjja mcjj‗E@P. J‗uig`a cjclcita `aingfurehgjc me pertc mcjj‗utcitc gi qucsta puita ë je tclpcreture mg jevara mcjj‗E@P, mej lalcita `kc jc `aingfurezgaig mcj mcpasgta mg gicrzge, g jglgtg mg sg`urczze c mg glpujsa m‗e`que mcvaia csscrc glpastetg me ui gistejjetarc, vgste je mcjg`etczze mg rcfajezgaic mcfjg stcssg.

    

]clpcreturc mg steim-hy, glpujsa rgs`ejmelcita c E@P (stehgjgtc mejj'gistejjetarc). ]clpcreture ]clpcretu re rcfgstrete meg scisarg mcjj‗e``ulujetarc mcjj‗E@P .  ]clpcreture rcfgstrete rcfgstrete meg scisarg mcj mcpasgta mg gicrzge.  ]clpcreture E@P mcsgmcrete (stehgjgte mejj‗utcitc). ]clpcreturc mg jevara mcj mcpasgta mg gicrzge stehgjgtc mejj‗gistejjetarc. Ngfure 37

MCRAPG]A MG GICX_GE `ai uia c muc scisarg. P@KCLG =7 C 56. Icj `esa mg qucstg muc s`kclg spgcfkcrcla e `ase `arrgspaimc `ges`uie tclpcreture, meta `kc jc rcfajezgaig sereiia cnncttuetc mejj‗gistejjetarc.

525

 

  ]clpcreturc mg steim-hy, glpujsa rgs`ejmelcita c E@P (stehgjgtc mejj'gistejjetarc). ]clpcreture ]clpcretu re rcfgstrete meg scisarg mcjj‗e``ulujetarc mcjj‗E@P .  ]clpcreture rcfgstrete rcfgstrete meg scisarg mcj mcpasgta mg gicrzge. 

  

Ngfure >2

3.7.   3.7.

@AIICPPGAIC E GI]CXIC] (CEPWIC]).

Pc ë mgspaighgjc Gitcrict prcssa gj juafa mg gistejjezgaic mcjje le`` le``kgie, kgie, serâ passghgjc e``cmcrc c `aitrajjerc je le``kgie ettrevcrsa Gitcrict. @aitrajjerc je mgspaighgjgtâ. RXGLE MG ]S]]A JCFFCXC PC_GAIC 3.7.5. SIE @AINGFSXE_GAIC CXXE]E RSØ HJA@@EXC JE @AIICPPGAIC Vg-Ng @AI JE LE@@KGIE. @AIPSJ]EXC GJ RXARXGA MGP]XGHS]AXC. 3.7.5.   RXC@ES_GAIG C XE@@ALEIME_GAIG. 3.7.5.   Xgvcmcrc ialc c pesswarm mcjje rctc VgNg mcjje `ese. Cvgterc spezg c `erettcrg gisajgtg ($,%, &, ;E) tre @RS c rautcr.

•

•

•

•

•

∘

∘

3.7.8.  @AINGFSXE_GÐIC.

        

Ngicstre scjczgaic rctc VgNg. Ialc VgNg Resswarm VgNg. Rujseitc ‛Ctkcrict‗ Rujseitc ‛Rraher‗(Rrave) Rujseitc ‛Fuermer‗(Pejverc) Ss`gte ej lciÿ s`arsa. Ss`gte ejje pefgie prgi`gpejc. G`aie e``csa e lciÿ `aicssgaic ` aicssgaic rclate. Ngfure >5

Ngicstre scjczgaic rctc VgNg? Rcrlcttc VgNg? Rcrlcttc mg scjczgaierc je rctc VgNg. C`anarcst Argfgiejc? Argfgiejc? Glpastezgaig mg nehhrg`e. Je @RS fcicre je praprge rctc VgNg, PPGM. Jc `escjjc mg tcsta ( ) c () saia rgclpgtg `ai je PPGM c je RVM mcjje @RS. Gitcrict?? Pgi`raigze je @RS `ai gj VgNg cstcria. Jc `escjjc mg tcsta () y () sg rgclpgaia `ai gj ialc mcjje rctc Gitcrict

VgNg mcjje gistejezgaic c je pesswarm VgNg. 528

 

Rujseitc 'Ctkcrict'? 'Ctkcrict'? Je @RS `aluig`e trelgtc gj prata`ajja Ctkcrict, ei`kc sc iai `‗ë tejc `aiicssgaic Ctkcrict tre je @RS c gj rautcr (Je @RS ncrle j‗clgssgaic mg je rctc wgrcjcss praprge). Pc iai sg cnncttucrâ je `aiicssgaic Ctkcrict `ai `a i je @RS, iai prclcrc. prclcrc.  Rujseitc ']cst'(prave)? `cr`e ']cst'(prave)? `cr`e mg `aluig`erc gi lamejgtâ wgrcjcss tre @RSc rautcr mcj glpgeita. (e `aimgzgaic `kc sge stete scjczgaiete prc`cmcitclcitc 'Gitcrict' c jc `escjjc  c  saia stetc `arrcttelcitc `alpgjetc.) Rujseitc 'Pejverc (fuermer)'? sejve (fuermer)'? sejve j'ujtgle `aingfurezgaic. Pc vgcic vgsuejgzzeta gj lcsseffga "Pu``cssnuj" mapa evcrc prcluta gj testa ']cst', sejve je `aingfurezgaic. Je stune nuizgaie trelgtc je rctc VgNg mcj glpgeita. Pc je stune nuizgaie trelgtc je rctc VgNg cstcrie c sujje ngicstre scjczgaic rctc VgNg vgcic scjczgaieta 'C`an 'C`anarcst arcst argfgiejc', mapa evcr netta `jg` su 'Pejverc,' je stune rg`astrugs`c je sue rctc wgrcjcss argfgiejc. REPPG @AINGFSXE_GAIC GI HEPC EJ ]GRA MG @AIICPPGAIC? VgNg?

Ngfure >8

Rrclcima ']cst, je rctc VgNg pua spergrc pcr ui pa ', gj hrawscr puø lastrer`g "crrarc mg `aluig`ezgaic". ^crgng`erc mg evcr rcstgtugta je rctc VgNg mcjje le``kgie c `kc sgela `aicssg ejje stcsse prgle mg e``ctterc gj lcsseffga. Ettcimcrc `kc epperc gj lcsseffga "su``cssa" "su``cssa" a "iai rgus`gta". C]KCXIC]? Rrgle mg tutta vcrgng`erc j‗csgstcize mg `aiicssgaic Ctkcrict tre rautcr c @RSmcjje stune/ `ejmege ( puita puita   3.7.5). 3.7.5 ).

Ngfure >0

3.7.0.   E@@CPPA ME GI]CXIC]. 3.7.0.



Refgie wch. Ngfure >= 

520

 

 



PI? I¿ mg scrgejc @RS - Ialc - Stcitc. Stcitc. Resswarm pefgie wch mcjje stune(; `erettcrg)

Ngfure >3 

  

PI? I¿ mg scrgejc @RS - Ialc - Stcitc. Stcitc. E``cssa ejje le``kgie me quejsgesg juafa. E``cssa ejje le``kgie icj reffga m'ezgaic mcj rautcr mcj sgstcle. @aisgfjgeta queima sg ë jaiteig mej sgstcle.

Ngfure >> 

3.7.=.   XC@SRCXA MCJJE XC]C AXGFGIEJC VgNg. 3.7.=. Ë passghgjc rgprgstgierc je rctc VgNg argfgiejc mcjje stune me mgvcrsg lamg? •  Mej Vch? Icj lciu mg `aiicssgaic rclate (puita 3.7.8.), Pcjczgaierc "C`anarcst Argfgiejc" c "Pejverc". •  Mej mgspjey? rgevvgerc mejje s`kcrlete mcjj'gimgrgzzg GR.

Ngfure >6  

>.  >. 

EJJEXLG.

Ngfure >; 

 Ejjerlc

Mcs`rgzgaic Pg vgsuejgzzcrâ gi `esa mg spcfiglcita `ai ui

Pajuzgaic •

E222

ejjerlc ettgveta. •

E225

Mcprcssgaic mg citrete mg erge hesse

•

  IAI spcficrc, utgjgzzerc je testgcre.  Rujgrc stune.  Rarte epcrte.

•

E228

Mcprcssgaic mg citrete mg erge ejte

•

 ]uha mg us`gte mcg fes spar`a.  C``cssa mg erge icjj‗gstejjezgaic

52=

 

E220

]clpcreture mg us`gte mg fes lgigle.

• •

E22=

]clpcreture mg us`gte mg fes lessgle.

• • •

E223

]clpcreture I]@ lgigle.

• • •

E22>

]clpcreture I]@ lessgle.

• • • •

E226

Rrcssgaic mg e`que lgigle.

• • •

E22;

Rrcssgaic mcjj‗e`que lessgle.

• • •

E227

]clpcreture elhgcitc lgigle.

• • •

E252

]clpcreture elhgcitc lessgle.

• •

E255 E258

]clpcreture @RS lgigle. ]clpcreture @RS lessgle.

• • • •

E250 E25=

@arrcitc mcg latarg ej mg satta mcj lgigla. @arrcitc mcg latarg ej mg sapre mcj lessgla.

• • • •

E253

Mcprcssgaic mg citrete m‗erge lajta hesse.

• •

•

E25>

Ejjcrte pcr tclpcreture mg fes lessgle.

•

•

E256 E25;

Ejjcrte pcr tclpcreture mg e`que lessgle. J‗cstrettarc errgve ej 522% c iai reffguifc je mcprcssgaic lgigle mg jevara gi lama `aitgiua.

E257

Cstrettarc mcjj‗us`gte mcg fes ej 522%

E282

Crrarc icg scisarg. ]clpcreture lgigle icjje saime tclpcreture cstcrie. (AR]GAIEJ, `aisujterc mgspaighgjgtâ).  mgspaighgjgtâ).  ]clpcreture lessgle icjje saime tclpcreture cstcrie. (AR]GAIEJ, `aisujterc mgspaighgjgtâ).  mgspaighgjgtâ). 

E285 E288

• • • • •

]clpcreture lgigle icjje saime tclpcreture mg rgtaria mcj rgs`ejmelcita.

 ]clpcreture ej mg satta mcg -83²@.

•

 ]clpcreture ej mg sapre mcg 33²@.

 Gistejjezgaic mcjje `ejmege `ai mglcisgaielcita crreta.  @ejmege `kc nuizgaie e hessg jgvcjjg mg patcize.  I]@ s`ajjcfete.  I]@ pasgzgaiete gi lama crreta icjje fuegie.  Egrc icj `gr`ugta.  Ra`e mgssgpezgaic mg cicrfge fcicrete.

•

•

•

•

E28=

]clpcreture lessgle icjje saime tclpcreture

 Ssa trappa gitcisgva.  I]@ gi `arta`gr`ugta.  Xgclpge gj `gr`ugta mg rgs`ejmelcita.  Rrcssasteta s`aiicssa.  Rrcssasteta evergeta.  P`cimcrc je prcssgaic mg jevara tre 5.8 c 5.3 her  Laiterc vesa mg cspeisgaic pg÷ freimc.  Erge icj `gr`ugta.  @‗ë pa`e tclpcreture icjje steize.  Giehgjgterc je saime mg elhgcitc.  Mglgiugrc je tclpcreture mg jevara.  jevara.    @‗ë trappe tclpcreture icjje steize.  Giehgjgterc je saime mg elhgcitc.  Eulciterc je tclpcreture mg jevara.    ]clpcreture Ppar`gzge icjjemcjje stune.@RS ej mg satta mcj lgigla.  @aivcttarc spar`a a evergeta.  Laiteffga mcj tuha mg us`gte mg fes giemcfueta.  Xcvgsgaierc jc `aiicssgaig mcg latarg.  Xcvgsgaierc gj `arta`gr`ugta icg latarg.  Mcprcssgaic lgigle pcr gj nuizgaielcita.  Ptune spar`e.  ]uha mg s`erg`a spar`a.  Rarte mcj na`ajerc a `essaictta parte-`cicrc `kgusg iai `arrcttelcitc  Xcfgstra mg pujgzge epcrta.  Ke reffguita je tclpcreture mg us`gte mg fes mg sg`urczze c s`cimcrâ je `emute mcg pcjjct.  Ke reffguita je tclpcreture mg e`que mg sg`urczze c s`cimcrâ je `emute mg pcjjct.  Ptune/`ejmege spar`e.  Cnncttuerc je leiutcizgaic.  Ptune/`ejmege spar`e.  Cnncttuerc je leiutcizgaic.  Rassghgjc gitcrs`elhga mg scisarg.

•

•

E280

 Je stune ë rgleste scize pcjjct.  Ë c``cmute je tclpcreture lessgle mg jevara.  Ptune spar`e.  Ssa trappa gitcisgva.  Gistejjezgaic mcjje `ejmege iai `arrcttelcitc mglcisgaiete.  @ejmege `kc nuizgaie e jgvcjjg hessg mg patcize.  I]@ evergete.  Erge icj `gr`ugta.  Ra`e mgssgpezgaic mg cicrfge fcicrete

•

 Ssa trappa gitcisgva.  I]@ gi `arta`gr`ugta.

mg rgtaria mcj rgs`ejmelcita. r gs`ejmelcita.

•

•

523

 

 Gistejjezgaic mcjje `ejmege `ai mglcisgaielcita crreta.  @ejmege `kc nuizgaie e hessg jgvcjjg mg patcize.  I]@ s`ajjcfete.  I]@ pasgzgaiete gi lama crreta icjje fuegie.  Erge icj `gr`ugta.  Ra`e mgssgpezgaic mg cicrfge fcicrete.  Ssa trappa gitcisgva.  I]@ gi `arta`gr`ugta.  Gistejjezgaic mcjje `ejmege `ai mglcisgaielcita

•

E283

]clpcreture lgigle icjje saime tclpcreture 5 mcj `aitrajja mcj mcpasgta mcjj‗E@P.

•

•

• •

E28>

]clpcreture lessgle icjje saime tclpcreture 5 mcj `aitrajja mcj mcpasgta mcjj‗E@P.

•

•

• •

E286

]clpcreture lgigle icjje saime tclpcreture 8 mcj `aitrajja mcj mcpasgta mcjj‗E@P.

crreta.  @ejmege `kc nuizgaie e hessg jgvcjjg mg patcize.  I]@ s`ajjcfete.  I]@ pasgzgaiete gi lama crreta icjje fuegie.  Erge icj `gr`ugta.  Ra`e mgssgpezgaic mg cicrfge fcicrete.  Ssa trappa gitcisgva.  I]@ gi `arta`gr`ugta.  Gistejjezgaic mcjje `ejmege `ai mglcisgaielcita crreta.  @ejmege `kc nuizgaie e hessg jgvcjjg mg patcize.  I]@ s`ajjcfete.  I]@ pasgzgaiete gi lama crreta icjje fuegie.  Erge icj `gr`ugta.  Ra`e mgssgpezgaic mg cicrfge fcicrete.  Ssa trappa gitcisgva.  I]@ gi `arta`gr`ugta.  Gistejjezgaic mcjje `ejmege `ai mglcisgaielcita crreta.  @ejmege `kc nuizgaie e hessg jgvcjjg mg patcize.  I]@ s`ajjcfete.  I]@ pasgzgaiete gi lama crreta icjje fuegie.

•

•

• •

E28;

]clpcreture lessgle icjje saime tclpcreture 8 mcj `aitrajja mcj mcpasgta mcjj‗E@P.

•

•

• •

E287

]clpcreture lgigle icjje saime tclpcreture 5 mcj `aitrajja mcj mcpasgta mg gicrzge.

•

•

• •

E202

]clpcreture lessgle icjje saime tclpcreture 5 mcj `aitrajja mcj mcpasgta mg gicrzge.

•

•

• •

E205

]clpcreture lgigle icjje saime tclpcreture 8 mcj `aitrajja mcj mcpasgta mg gicrzge.

•

•

•

 Erge icj `gr`ugta.  Ra`e mgssgpezgaic mg cicrfge fcicrete.  Ssa trappa gitcisgva.  I]@ gi `arta`gr`ugta.

•

E208

]clpcreture lessgle icjje saime tclpcreture 8 mcj `aitrajja mcj mcpasgta mg gicrzge.

• • •

 Rartes au telpe me fevcte mc `gizes lej nc`kemes.  Hre`gcrc epcrta a iai `arrcttelcitc `kgusa.  @gr`ugta cjcttrg`a a `aiicttarc s`ajjcfeta.  Pcisarc evcrgeta.  Rcrgncrge evcrgete.  Latarc evcrgeta.  @eva mg `aiicssgaic s`ajjcfeta.  @eva ratta, sastgtugrc `ai uia iuava (PE]).  Xgclpgrc je trelaffge.  Latarc rgmatta ncrla.  Ë sejteta gj tcrlasteta mg sg`urczze.

•

Nejke ie jglpcze ma `csta.

E207

As scisarcs mctc`tel e ehcrturemcc a nc`kelcita me telpe maiàa `csta epðs 0 tcitetgves jglpcze.

• • • • •

E2=2

Crrarc mg `aluig`ezgaic mcj LAMHSP XP=;3 tre je @RS c je pcrgncrg`e.

E277

Lei`eize mg pcjjct a iai sg reffguifc je tclpcreture lgigle mg us`gte mcg fes ;2 ²@.

>.5.

• • •

•

•

XCPC] EJJEXLC.

Gj pra`cssa mg spcfiglcita `ai ejjerlc ë vergehgjc e sc`aime mcjja steta prc`cmcitc mcjje le``kgie, mcjje `aingfurezgaic c mg verg nettarg cstcrig. Sie vajte `ai`jusa gj pra`cssa mg ejjerlc, patrâ csscrc rgprgstgieta mapa evcr cselgieta je tehcjje mcfjg ejjerlg c evcr ematteta lgsurc emcfuetc.

Ngfure >7 

52>

 

EM^CX]ÏI@GEP 

AHXGFEÆÓCP 

RCXGFA CL FCXEJ 

JCX LEISEGP GIP]XSÆÓCP 

MC

Jcge `al etciæàa as leiuegs naric`gmas `al a epercjka eitcs me sue gistejeæàa c usa.  usa.   Pð essgl, pamcrå ahtcr es lcjkarcs veitefcis c e låxgle scfureiæe mureitc a scu usa.  Cstc epercjka pamc scr utgjgzema par `rgeiæes e pertgr mas ; eias mc gmemc c par pcssaes `alau `epe`gmemcs nìsg`es, scisargegs au lcitegs rcmuzgmes `al nejte mc cxpcrgïi`ge c `aikc`glcita, sc narcl vgfgemes au sc jkcs tgvcr sgma meme narleæàa emcqueme e`cr`e ma usa ma epercjka mc ule narle scfure c essgl `alprccmcrcl as pcrgfas quc civajvc. E jglpcze c e leiutciæàa e rcejgzer pcja utgjgzemar iàa mcvc scr ncgte par `rgeiæes scl vgfgjèi`ge.  A `rgstej me parte c ejfules supcrnì`gcs ma epercjka pamc etgifgr ejtes tclpcretures.  E]CIÆÀA!?  iàa ehrgr e E]CIÆÀA!?  nui`gaielcita ma epercjka. 

parte

mureitc

a

526

 

ÌIMG@C 5.

GI]XAMSÆÀA.  GI]XAMSÆÀA.  5.5. MC]EJKC MA REGICJ @ALEIMA. 5.8. @AIC[ÀA C PGI@XAIG_EÆÀA @AL E CP]SNE.  CP]SNE.   5.0. ]CIKE LSG]A RXCPCI]C USC… 5.=. C@XÀ RXGI@GREJ. 5.3. JCG]SXE MC LCIPEFCIP. 5.>. LCIS EOSP]CP.

Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie

527 527 527 552 552 552 555

8.

CP]EMAP ME CP]SNE.

Råfgie

555

0.

LEICOA MCJ ]C@JEMA.  ]C@JEMA.  0.5. JGFELCI]A.  JGFELCI]A.  MCPJGFELCI]A.   0.8. MCPJGFELCI]A. ]C@JEMA.  0.0. E]G^EX AS MCPE]G^EX A HJAUSCGA MC ]C@JEMA.  0.=. PCJCÆÀA MC JÌIFSE. @ALHSP]Ì^CJ.  0.3. PCJCÆÀA MC @ALHSP]Ì^CJ.  0.>. EOSP]C ANNPC]P. 0.6. LAMA MC NSI@GAIELCI]A. 0.6.5. LAMA RA]CI@GE. 0.6.8 LAMA ]CLRCXE]SXE. 0.6.0 LAMA MC CLCXFÏI@GE.

Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie

558 558 558 558 558 558 550 550 550 550 550

0.; KEHGJG]EX / MCPEHGJG]EX @EJCIMÅXGA.  @EJCIMÅXGA.  0.7 RXAFXELEÆÀA @EJCIMÅXGA ]C@JEMA. 0.52.  ^GPSEJG_EÆÀA MC MEMAP CL ]CLRA XCEJ. 0.52. 0.55.  ^GPSEJG_EÆÀA CPUSCLE KGMXÅSJG@A. (PÐ LAMCJAP ÅFSE). 0.55. 0.58.  PCJC@ÆÀA LAMA EUP / EUSC@GLCI]A. (PÐ LAMCJAP ÅFSE). 0.58.

Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie

55= 55= 55= 553 553

=.

JGFEÆÀA EA EUSC@CMAX E REX]GX MC USEJUSCX MGPRAPG]G^A USC RCXLG]E Råfgie JGFEÆÀA VgNg.

553

3.

GI]CXNE@C VCH. 3.5. C@XÀ RXGI@GREJ.  RXGI@GREJ.  3.5.5. JCG]SXE MC LCIPEFCIP. 3.8. @AINGFSXEÆÀA MA GMGALE, _AIE KAXÅXGE C PCJCÆÀA MC LAMA E@P / @EJCNE@@GÐI (PÐJA LAMCJAP EFSE).

Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie

55> 55> 556 556

3.0. PCJC@ÆÀA MC @ALHSP]Ì^CJ. 3.=. LCIS ^GPSEJG_EÆÀA MC MEMAP. NSI@GAIELCI]A.   3.3. LAMAP MC NSI@GAIELCI]A. 3.3.5. LAMA RA]ÏI@GE. 3.3.8 LAMA ]CLRCXE]SXE. 3.3.0. LAMA MC CLCXFÏI@GE. 3.>. LCIß ANNPC].  ANNPC].  3.6. RXAFXELEÆÀA @EJCIMÅXGA PG]C.  PG]C.  3.6.5. LAMCJAP MC RXAFXELEÆÀA. 3.6.8. RXAFXELEÆÀA PCLEIEJ @AL LAMCJAP. 3.; ^GPSEJG_EÆÀA PG]C CPUSCLE KGMXÅSJG@A (LAMCJAP ÅFSE). 3.7. JGFEÆÀA Â GI]CXIC] (CEPWIC]). 3.7.5 RXC@ESÆÓCP C XC@ALCIMEÆÓCP.  XC@ALCIMEÆÓCP.  3.7.8 @AINGFSXEÆÀA.  @AINGFSXEÆÀA. 

Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie Råfgie

556 55; 557 557 557 588 588 588 58= 58= 58= 586 58; 58;

Råfgie Råfgie

587 502

3.7.0 3.7.=

E@CPPA E REX]GX ME GI]CXIC]. XC@SRCXEX E XCMC AXGFGIEJ VgNg.

>

EJEXLEP.  EJEXLEP.  >.5. XCGIÌ@GA EJEXLC.  EJEXLC. 

Råfgie Råfgie

502 508

52;

 

5.  5. 

GI]XAMSÆÀA. 5.5.  5.5. 

      

MC]EJKC MA REGICJ @ALEIMA.

^gsar. Hatàa mc rctra`cssa / lavglcita csqucrma. Hatàa mc eulcita / pere `gle. Hatàa evei`c / lavglcita mgrcgta. Hatàa mglgiugæàa / pere hegxa. Hatàa jgfema ‐ epefema / `aingrleæàa. Xc`cptar mc ginrevcrlcjkas.

Ngfure 5

      

^gsuejgzemar mc `rgstej jìqugma. Ginarle-ias ma cstema me cstune c rcnjctc es eæócs quc rcejgzelas ia pegicj mc `aitraja. E rctra-gjulgieæàa ma vgsuejgzemar ç mcsetgveme pessemas 02 scfuimas scl `errcfer cl icikule tc`je ia pegicj mc `aleimas. `a leimas. Hatàa mc rctra`cssa (). Rcrlgtc e`cmcr ea lciÿ mc vgsuejgzeæàa mc memas au lavglcita csqucrma mcitra mas ì`aics au mgncrcitcs lcius. Mglgiug vejarcs mcitra ma paitcgra. Hatàa mc eulcita / pere `gle ( ). Eulcite a vejar mcscoema mc patïi`ge c/au tclpcreture scfuima a lama mc nui`gaielcita (R, ] au C) c mcste`e e scjcæàa e`gle ias lcius. Hatàa evei`c (). Rcrlgtc e`cmcr ea lciÿ mc eoustcs c rctarier ea ç`rei prgi`gpej mcsmc as lcius scl nezcr lamgng`eæócs c e`cmcr ea lciÿ lama mc nui`gaielcita mcsmc a ç`rei prgi`gpej. Eulcite vejarcs mcitra ma paitcgra. Hatàa mglgiugæàa / pere hegxa (). Mglgiug a vejar mcscoema mc patïi`ge c/au tclpcreture mc e`arma `al a lama mc nui`gaielcita (R, ] au C) c mcste`e mcste`e e herre mc scjcæàa cl heg hegxa xa ias lciÿs. Hatàa jgfema ‐ epefema (). E`cimc c epefe e cstune e pertgr ma ç`rei prgi`gpej. Mcitra mas mgncrcitcs lcius tcl e nuiæàa mc `aingrler. Xc`ctar mc ginrevcrlcjkas. Xc`chc a sgiej civgema pcja `aleima â mgstèi`ge. Giehgjgtema Mglcisócs (ll)?

Ngfure 8 

5.8.

@AIC[ÀA C PGI@XAIG_EÆÀA @AL E CP]SNE.

Epðs e gistejeæàa me cstune, `ainarlc a mcs`rgta ia ‚ Leiuej mc gistejeæàa c leiutciæàa“ *mgspaiìvcgs ie iasse påfgie wch www.c`anarcst.cs, e cjctrýig`e csterå apcre`gaiej iul tclpa gincrgar e =2 scfuimas mcsmc e

`aicxàa me cstune â rcmc cjçtrg`e. 527

 

 

 

C`rà mc erreiquc tc`jema. ^crsàa tc`jema.

Ngfure 0  * Jclhrc-sc quc iassa sgtc tcl tamas as leiuegs mc gistruæócs etuejgzemas. Pclprc gràa rcfcr e vejgmemc ma ÿjtgla leiuej mc gistruæócs.

5.0

]CIKE LSG]A RXCPCI]C USC… Es ejtcreæócs mureitc a usa c `aingfureæàa ma equc`cmar pamcl scr rcejgzemes sglujteicelcitc e pertgr ma tc`jema c mc quejqucr mgspasgtgva VgNg quc sc ci`aitrc jgfema ea equc`cmar, scima e ÿjtgle ejtcreæàa, iàa gitcrcsse mc quej mgspasgtgva tcike sgma ncgte, e quc grå prcvejc`cr.  prcvejc`cr.  @crtes `aingfureæócs sð pamcl scr rcejgzemes par lcga mc jgfeæàa VgNg, c mcvcl scr rcejgzemes par pcssaej eutargzema (pratcfgmes `al pejevre-pessc) pejevre-pessc) `al e låqugie mcsjgfeme c scl ejerlcs (cstema (cstema 2). E scfugr cxpalas es rcncrgmes `aingfureæócs?

Lamcjas er  Pthy  Pthy  elhgcitc  elhgcitc `al saime. AI/ANN par tcrlðsteta cxtcria.  AI/ANN

•

•

•

• • • • • •

5.=.

        

Lamcjas åfue  @aingfureæàa @aingfureæàa mc csqucles kgmråujg`as. Pthy  elhgcitc  elhgcitc `al saime.  Pthy   AI/ANN AI/ANN par tcrlðsteta cxtcria.  Pgstcle Pgstcle eitg hjaqucga. Pgstcle eitg fcja.  Pgstcle  Pgstcle Pgstcle eitg jcfgaicje. @aitraja sgjas cxtcrias (mcpcimc lamcja).  @aitraja

C@XÀ RXGI@GREJ.

Herre mc jcgture mc lcisefcis. Lama R, ] au C. Cstema (vcr ejìice 8 mcstc leiuej  leiuej  ‚Cstemas ma equc`cmar “). “). Igvcj mc patci`ge / ]clpcreture mcsceme. ]c`jema hjaqucema. @ejcimårga kehgjgtema. Lama EUP / Equc`glcita (LAMCJAP ÅFSE). ]clpcreture saime mc elhgcitc. Lciÿ prgi`gpej. Ngfure = 

5.3.   5.3.

  

JCG]SXE MC LCIPEFCIP.

Lciseoc mc scfurgmem (I a Exxx).* Lama mc nui`gaielgcita (R, L a C). ** Cstema mc nui`gaielgcita. ***

*Ejerles (E[[[) (puita > ). **Ratci`ge, tclpcreture a clcrfci`ge, puitas 0.6.5 , 0.6.8 y 0.6.0 rcspc`tgvelcitc.

***Mgncrcitcs cstemas ci cj puita 8. Ngfure 3 

552

 

5.>.

   

LCIS EOSP]CP.

Ì`aic mc e`csa â eoustcs. Pcjcæàa mc gmgale. Cspeikaj (par mcncgta). Lama mc nui`gaielcita (R, L au C) ]cstc mc latarcs (mcstgiema ea P.E.].) ^gsuejgzeæàa csqucle kgmråujg`a. (LAMCJAP ÅFSE). Pcjcæàa mc Lama E@P / Equc`glcita

 

ÅFSE). Rrafreleæàa `ejcimårga tc`jema.  (LAMCJAP Pcjcæàa mc `alhustìvcj. Rcjjct (par mcncgta),

 `eraæa mc ezcgtaie au `es`e mc ejlïimae.  Eoustc mc mgncrcitcs ‛annscts‗.  Xctaria ea ç`rei prgi`gpej.

Ngfure >

8.  8. 

CP]EMAP ME CP]SNE.

E pertgr me sue jgfeæàa â rcmc cjçtrg`e, a equc`cmar grå ejtcrer a ass scus cstemas mcpcimcima me prafreleæàa c mes armcis ma utgjgzemar, emepteima a scu nui`gaielcita âs `aimgæócs glpastes cl `eme ` eme lalcita. Ç passìvcj vcrgng`er a cstema cl quc sc ci`aitre a equc`cmar, qucr e pertgr ma tc`jema, qucr me gitcrne`c wch mc ul mgspasgtgva VgNg, vgsuejgzeima e `ar ma ì`aic `arrcspaimcitc au vcrgng`eima a iÿlcra ma cstema ia c`rà mc vgsuejgzeæàa mc memas.   ]c`jema? @ar ì`aic (paita  mes  ngfures =  c 3) au citàa, vcrgng`eima a vejar   iulçrg`a  (ngfure 82 me ejìice  0.52 ).   Gitcrne`c Vch? Ì`aic  ( ngfure  ngfure 02) ma c`rà prgi`gpej, au ie vgsuejgzeæàa mc memas ( ngfure 0=).

•

•

Ì`aic? ]c`jema Vch

@ar cstema

Iÿlcra cstema

Rra`cssa

^crlcjka

2

Cl prglcgre gistèi`ge, c queima e cstune cstå mcsjgfeme c praite e e`cimcr, velas vgsuejgzer a ì`aic vcrlcjka e`gle gimg`ema. Pc prcssgaielas /, e cjctrýig`e veg nezcr ule hrcvc vcrgng`eæàa mc latarcs mc prcssàa mc er c veg pra`cmcr ea jgfelcita, c a ì`aic lume mc vcrlcjka pere elercja .

Elercja

5 8 0 = 52

Uueima a ì`aic ng`e elercja gimg`e quc e cstune cstå e scr jgfeme `al a cxtretar, qucme mc `alhustìvcj, rcsgstïi`ge mc jgfelcita, c cstå e nui`gaier pere `aiscfugr e `alhustàa gig`gej.

3 >

Sle vcz quc tclas ule mgncrciæe mc tclpcreture cl rcjeæàa â rcfgsteme ia lalcita mc jgfelcita, a ì`aic lumerå pere ezuj `cjcstc, pere gimg`er quc cjc cstå cl pra`cssa mc prç-equc`glcita. prç-equc`glcita. E rcsgstïi`ge mc jgfelcita veg scr mcsjgfeme c ul pra`cssa tatejlcitc eutaletgzema veg scr gig`gema pere jafrer ule `alhustàa emcqueme pere a pastcrgar nui`gaielcita.

6

Uueima e tclpcreture me seìme mc fescs `kcfuc e 522 ² @ c ia preza mc > lgiutas epðs a jgfelcita, a ì`aic lumere pere vcrmc, quc gimg`e quc a pra`cssa mc jgfelcita ngiejgzau c quc tclas e`cssa â `aingfureæàa mc qucme ma `alhustìvcj au â rcfujeæàa me tclpcreture. Ia `esa mc iàa `aiscfugr mgte tclpcreture cl 53 lgiutas, gimg`erå a ejerlc 77 (E277). @aisujtc e tehcje mc ejerlcs (epertema >).

Ezuj `cjcstc

^crmc

555

 

Hrei`a

; 55 -0

@ueima rcejgzelas cj epefema mc je cstune cj g`aia sc paimrå ci hjei`a peseima pastcrgarlcitc ej raoa, ezuj lergia sg sc ke epefema par prafrele`gði a iereioe sg ke mema uie ejerle.

Ezuj lergika

-82

Gimg`e quc ng`e â cspcre me prafreleæàa.

Jereioe

-=

Cstc ì`aic vcl e`alpeikema `al e sgiejgzeæàa me lcisefcl mc scfureiæe E[[[. Jcr a paita > paita > ‚  ‚EJEXLCP EJEXLCP“. “.

 

0.  0. 

LEICOA MA ]C@JEMA. 0.5.

JGFELCI]A.

Rrglcgre jgfeæàa? Eitcs mc jgfer e låqugie, ejglcitc a scl-ngl e pertgr ma lciu P.E.] etç a `alhustìvcj `egr ia `csta.

Ngfure 6

0.8.

MCPJGFELCI]A.  MCPJGFELCI]A. 

Ngfure ;

0.0.

E]G^EX AS MCPE]G^EX A HJAUSCGA MC ]C@JEMA.

Ngfure 7

0.=.

PCJCÆÀA MC JÌIFSE.

Ngfure 52

0.3.   0.3.

PCJCÆÀA MC @ALHSP]Ì^CJ.

Rere e`cmcr e cstc lciu a equc`cmar mcvc cster epefeme c iàa lastrer ejerlc (cstema 2). 2) .  Xcvgser epertema 0 ma ‚Leiuej mc gistejeæàa c leiutciæàa“. Mcvcl tcr cl `aite quc ç passìvcj tcr mc gi`arparer ejful e`cssðrga pere pamcr utgjgzer autra `alhustìvcj. Eitcs mc rcejgzer e tra`e nejc `al a scu mgstrghugmar.

Ngfure 55 

558

 

0.>.

EOSP]C ANNPC]P. As eoustcs mcvcl scr paituegs vgsta e cstune sc eouster eutaletg`elcitc, ia `esa mc tcr quc rcejgzer ul eoustc `aisujtc nejc `al a scu mgstrghugmar.

Ngfure 58

0.6.

LAMA MC NSI@GAIELCI]A.

Rere e`cmcr e cstc lciu a equc`cmar mcvc cster epefeme c iàa lastrer ejerlc (cstema 2). 2) .  E cjctrðig`e mgspóc mc trïs lamas mc nui`gaielcita? patïi`ge, tclpcreture c clcrfïi`ge. Rere scjc`gaier ul lama au autra, mcvclas e`cmcr mcsmc a ç`rei prgi`gpej? 0.6.5. LAMA RA]ÏI@GE. E vergcmemc mc rcfujeæàa veg mcsmc mcsmc a iìvcj 5 ea 7, scima 7 a iìvcj iìvcj mc `eìme låxgle mc `alhustìvcj. `alhustìvcj. Rere eulciter a iìvcj `errcfelas ie scte supcrgar () c pere hegxer e scte gincrgar (). 

Ngfure 50

0.6.8. LAMA ]CLRCXE]SXE. Pc `aingfurerlas a lama mc trehejka cl tclpcreture, a R scrå suhstgtuìma par ul ]. Epcies  Epcies   mcvclas `aingfurer   cstc cstc lama sc tgvcrlas e saime mc elhgcitc `aic`teme e ul tcrlasteta jgvrc mc tcisàa `aic`tema ea scu emeptemar `arrcspaimcitc. E vergcmemc mc rcfujeæàa `al saime ç citrc 58²@ c =2²@, scima cste ÿjtgle e tclpcreture låxgle rcfujåvcj. Rere eulciter e tclpcreture `errcfuc ie scte supcrgar () c pere hegxer ie scte gincrgar ( ).

Ngfure 5=

Ngfure 53

Rere ul eoustc legs prc`gsa mcstc lama, `aisujter a paita 3.3.8 3.3.8.. 0.6.0. LAMA MC CLCXFÏI@GE. Cstc lama sð mcvc scr usema cl sgtueæócs mc clcrfïi`ge, pags iàa pags iàa `aitraje e mcprcssàa mc citreme mc er icl e lamujeæàa ma `alhustìvcj, a `aivc`tar trehejkerå e patïi`ge låxgle mcsmc a giì`ga. S]GJG_EX giì`ga.  S]GJG_EX  ERCIEP CL @EPA MC CLCXFÏI@GE CLCXFÏI@GE C GIMG@EMA RCJA P.E.].

550

 

 

Ngfure 5>

0.;.

KEHGJG]EX / MCPEHGJG]EX @EJCIMÅXGA.

Ngfure 56

0.7.

RXAFXELEÆÀA @EJCIMÅXGA ]C@JEMA. Eitcs mc rcejgzer ule prafreleæàa ma `ejcimårga, vcrgngquc c ejtcrc, sc nar prc`gsa, e mete c kare etuegs. A tc`jema pcrlgtc `aingfurer, e pertgr ma lciu, a mge me scleie, e mete (MM/LL/EE) c e kare (KK?LL narleta 8=k) me @RS. A tc`jema iàa mgspóc mc lumeiæe mc zaie karårge eutalåtg`e. Rarteita, a `ejcimårga mcvc scr `aingfurema sclprc pcja lcsla lcga (vge tc`jema, au vge VCH), pamcima eperc`cr prahjcles mc mcsnesc karårga citrc tc`jema c VCH sc a `ejcimårga nar `aingfurema sglujteicelcitc par mgncrcitcs lcgas (vge tc`jema c vge VCH).

Ngfure 5; 

Rcrlgtc cstehcjc`cr ule prafreleæàa `al etç = negxes karårges pere `eme ul mas mges me scleie. Es negxes tïl 0 `ajuies `aingfuråvcgs? kare ma giì`ga me negxe4 lama (iìvcj patïi`ge, mcsjgfema, steimhy) c tclpcreture elhgcitc (mcpcimc me `aingfureæàa me låqugie).

       

Pcjc`gaic a mge e prafreler. @eme mge `arrcspaimc e ule pjeigjke. Mc malgifa e såhema (Rjeigjkes 2 e 6 rcspctgvelcitc) Kehgjgte au mcsehgjgte `ejcimårga. @apge je pjeigjke ma mge scjc`gaiema e? JSI-MAL Mge `ai`rcta.  EJJ ]amas as mges. VDM Mges me scleie (scfuime e scxte)   VDI Ngl mc scleie (såhema c malgifa)  Etgve au mcsetgve `ðpge me pjeigjke. ]ª elhgcitc `aisgfie mc `eme negxe karårge. MCPJGFEMA.  IA  Xcspcgte negxe eitcrgar.  

Petgsnez EUP c `ejcne`æàa. Rrgargmemc EUP. Pð setgsnez `ejcne`æàa. Pð setgsnez E@P.

=.  =. 

JGFEÆÀA EA EUSC@CMAX E REX]GX MC USEJUSCX MGPRAPG]G^A USC RCXLG]E JGFEÆÀA VgNg.

A prglcgra quc grclas prc`gser ç mc `aikc`cr e gmcitgng`eæàa me rcmc VgNg ma equc`cmar (PPGM) c e pejevrepessc me rcncrgme rcmc. Ramcrclas ci`aitrer elhes iul euta`ajeitc sglgjer ea ma cxclpja me  ngfure 86 , cl 0 ja`ejgzeæócs? • • •

  Råfgie 5 mcstc leiuej.   @RS me låqugie.   Rrðxgle ma euta`ajeitc `al a i.¿ mc sçrgc me låqugie.

553

 

 

    

PI? I¿ sçrgc @RS - Ialc - Stgjgzemar. PPGM? Xcmc VgNg argfgiej. RVM? Rejevre-pessc rcmc VgNg. Rejevre-pessc sìtga wch (; prglcgras mìfgtas). IC]? Rarta mgrc`gaielcita cstune. Ngfure 86

Mcvclas pra`urer c cstehcjc`cr ule jgfeæàa `al e rcmc VgNg ma equc`cmar. Rere tej, mcvclas gitramuzgr e pejevre-pessc lastreme ia euta`ajeitc, rcspcgteima tamas as ejfergslas me pejevre-pessc, hcl `ala legÿs`ujes c lgiÿs`ujes. @al e jgfeæàa cstehcjc`gme, gitramuze ia hrawscr ma iassa mgspasgtgva a cimcrcæa SXJ? kttp?//578.5>;.0.5 kttp?//578.5>;.0.5  

Ngfure 8;

Ea e`cmcr â gitcrne`c wch, pamcrå scr rcqucrgme ule eutcitg`eæàa.

 

PI? I¿ sçrgc @RS - Ialc - Stgjgzemar. Rejevre-pessc sìtga wch (; prglcgras mìfgtas).

Ngfure 87 

Pc utgjgzerlas a mgspasgtgva VgNg `al vårges rcmcs sglujtèices (equc`cmar, VgNg mc `ese, VgNg jeharej, ct`), mcvclas vcrgng`er, queima apcrerlas `al a equc`cmar, mc cster jgfemas â rcmc VgNg me lcsle. 

3.  3. 

GI]CXNE@C VCH. 3.5.   3.5.

C@XÀ RXGI@GREJ.



C`rà prgi`gpej.

   

Jcgture mc lcisefcis. Jgfelcita / mcsjgfelcita. @aingfureæàa. Pcjcæàa `alhustìvcj. `alhustìvcj. Eulcita/mglgiugæàa   Eulcita/mglgiugæàa `alhustìvcj au tclpcreture. Rrafreleæàa mc jgfelcita / mcsjgfelcita. ]clpcreture gitcrgar me laremge. ]clpcreture elhgcitc prafreleme. _aie karerge, gmgale c Lama EUP / Equc`glcita (LAMCJAP ÅFSE). Lama EUP / Equc`glcita (LAMCJAP ÅFSE).

     

Ngfure 02 

55>

 

3.5.5.   JCG]SXE MC LCIPEFCIP. 3.5.5.

     

@aingfureæócs. Lama mc nui`gaielcita (R, L au C)* Jafðtgpa C`anarcst. Lcisefcl mc scfureiæe. (I au Exx)** Mete etuej. Kare etuej. * Raita 3.3. Ratïi`ge, tclpcreture a clcrfïi`ge. ** Raita > Ejerlcs (E[[[).

3.8.   3.8.

   

 

R

I

05/26/825= 57?28 Ngfure 05

@AINGFSXEÆÀA MA GMGALE, _AIE KAXÅXGE C PCJCÆÀA MC LAMA E@P / @EJCNE@@GÐI (PÐJA LAMCJAP EFSE).

]ames es cstunes quc secl mc nåhrg`e jcvel `aingfureme e zaie karårge mc Cspeike (Curape/Lemrgm), essgl `ala a gmgale cspeikaj.

  

Ì`aic mc e`cssa â scjc`æàa ma gmgale. _aie karårge*. Gmgale. Pcjcæàa mc lama EUP / Equc`glcita

 

(LAMCJAP ÅFSE). Xcfrcsa e peitejje prgi`gpej.

*Je zaie karerge mchc scr sgclprc je lgsle quc je mc je cstune. ** Pð equcjes `ejmcgres `uoe cjctrðig`e fgre EUP + Equc`glcita par lcga mc våjvuje 0 vges.  Ngfure 08 

3.0.   3.0.

PCJC@ÆÀA MC @ALHSP]Ì^CJ.

Rere e`cmcr e cstc lciu a equc`cmar mcvc cster epefeme c iàa lastrer ejerlc (cstema 2). 2) .  @aisujtc, ie ejìice 0 ma ‚Leiuej ‚Leiuej mc gistejeæàa c leiutciæàa“, leiutciæàa “, es `ere`tcrìstg`es ma `alhustìvcj e utgjgzer, hcl `ala e cvcituej ic`cssgmemc, sc kauvcr, me laitefcl mc ejful e`cssðrga lc`èig`a. A `alhustìvcj scjc`gaiema grå eperc`cr ler`ema e vcrlcjka. `alhustìvcj*.   Pcjcæàa `alhustìvcj*.  @eraæa mc ezcgtaie  @es`e mc elïimae.  Rcjjct.  Xctaria ea c`rà prgi`gpej. * Uueima scjc`gaielas ul `alhustìvcj mgstgita â  pcjjct grå eperc`cr ule lcisefcl mc emvcrtïi`ge. emvcrtïi`ge.

Ngfure 00

556

 

3.=.  3.=. 

        

LCIS ^GPSEJG_EÆÀA MC MEMAP.

Ì`aic mc e`csa â vgsuejgzeæàa mc memas. C`rà mc vgsuejgzeæàa mc memas Xctaria ea c`rà prgi`gpej. @ain. nui`gaielcita c csqucles kgmråujg`as (lamcjas åfue). (PE]). E`cssa e csqucle kgmråujg`a `aingfurema. Lciu annsct. Lciu P.E.]. Jgfeæàa â gitcrict. CEPWIC]. Ginarleæàa santwerc. Ngfure 0=

Lcisefcl ia c`rà ]clpcreture mc @RS

Mcs`rgæàa ]clpcreture gitcrie ma @RS

]clpcreture mc fescs

]clpcreture ie seìme mc fescs.

]clp. scisar I]@ ]clpcreture elhgcitc ^cja`gmemc mc cxtretar ^cja`gmemc mc `aivc`tar

]clpcreture quc mctcte a nui`gaielcita ma `aivc`tar (lamcjas mc er) au ma `gr`ugta mc åfue (lamcjas åfue). ]clpcreture elhgcitc, sð sc a scisar mc elhgcitc ç `aic`tema. Rcr`citefcl mc tcisàa (cl hesc â rcmc cjçtrg`e) quc rc`chc a cxtretar mc seìme mc fescs. Rcr`citefcl mc tcisàa (cl hesc â rcmc cjçtrg`e) quc rc`chc a vcitgjemar mc `aivc`æàa.

Negxe -52 e >3²@ -52 e 832²@, scfuima lamcjas. -52 e 62²@ lamcjas er. 52 e ;0²@ cl åfue -52 e =2²@ 2 e 522% 2 e 522%

Mcp. citreme er

Ç e mcprcssàa mctcteme ia tuha me citreme mc er.

Rrglcgra iìvcj mc er mcp.

^ejar lclargzema mc nåhrg`e.

Cstema

Cstema mc nui`gaielcita*

Iìvcj patïi`ge

Iìvcj mc qucme mc `alhustìvcj

Jgfelcitas

Iÿlcra mc jgfelcitas me cstune.

Nui`gaielcita tatej

@ala scu ialc gimg`e, kares mc nui`gaielcita me cstune.

]. Rcjjct AI

Pcfuimas mureitc as quc nui`gaie a latar scl ngl.

]. Rcjjct ANN

]clpa mureitc a quc cstå mcsjgfema a latar scl ngl.

Xcsgstïi`ge jgfelcita

Jgfelcita (5) au mcsjgfelcita me rcsgstïi`ge (2).

Lamcja

Lamcja mc cstune quc tclas.

Iÿlcra sçrgc @RS

Iÿlcra mc sçrgc ma @RS, gimg`ema telhçl ie ctgqucte ma @RS.

2 e 532Re (scfuima lamcja). 62 e 532Re (scfuima lamcja).   lamcja). Mc -= e 82 (`aisujter `al a PE]). Ma 5 ea 7 Jgfelcitas `aitehgjgzemas mcsmc cstema 2. Kares `aitehgjgzemes mcsmc cstema 2. ^erge cl nuiæàa ma iìvcj mc patïi`ge. ^erge cl nuiæàa me quejgmemc ma `alhustìvcj. ^erge mc 2 â 5 ^erge cl nuiæàa ma lamcja. ^erge cl nuiæàa ma @RS.

Lama `aitrajc

Lama mc nui`gaielcita par patïi`ge (]) au clcrfïi`ge (C).(R), tclpcreture

^cr scfugitcs paitas 8.3 sc

^crsàa Pantwerc 

^crsàa mc santwerc ma @RS

^erge cl nuiæàa ma

Lcisefcl ejerlc.

Lcisefcl mc ejerlc (E[[[).

@RS. ^cr tehcje mc ejerlcs.

55;

 

@alhustìvcj ]clpcreture mc vajte. Rrcssàa åfue 3.3.   3.3.

Rcjjct, ajgve, `. ejlïimae.  ejlïimae.  Rcjjct  ]clpcreture quc mctc`te a nui`gaielcita ma åfue ie -52 e 62²@ lamcjas er. vajte me `ejcne`æàa (lamcjas åfue). 52 e ;0²@ ci åfue Rrcssàa me åfue ia `gr`ugta kgmråujg`a (sð lamcjas mc Rrcssàa me åfue cl åfue). hercs

LAMAP MC NSI@GAIELCI]A.

Rere e`cmcr e cstc lciu a equc`cmar mcvc cster epefeme c iàa lastrer ejerlc (cstema 2). 2) .  E cjctrðig`e lamas nui`gaielcita, patïi`ge, c clcrfïi`ge. Reregimg`emas? ja`ejgzer mgta ì`aic, pamclas vcr epassug  ngfuretrïs 03. E scfugrmc cxpjg`e-sc freng`elcitc `alatclpcreture scjc`gaier quejqucr mas lamas

     

Ì`aic mc e`csa â `aingfureæàa. Pcjcæàa ma lama mc nui`gaielcita.  Mgncrcitcs lamas mc nui`gaielcita. Xctaria ea lciu eitcrgar. @aingfureæàa ma lama mc nui`gaielcita. Xctaria ea c`rà prgi`gpej. Ngfure 03

3.3.5.   LAMA RA]ÏI@GE. 3.3.5. Lama R? Ratïi`ge.

Ç a lama mc `aingfureæàa prcmctcrlgiema mc nåhrg`e. Icstc iìvcj, pamclas scjc`gaier `al as ì`aics mc + c - legs au lcias qucme mc `alhustìvcj.

Lama R? Ratïi`ge.

E negxe mc eoustc veg ma iìvcj 5 ea 7, aimc 7 ç a iìvcj mc qucme låxgle mc `alhustìvcj.

3.3.8.   LAMA ]CLRCXE]SXE. 3.3.8.

(Lamcjas er)

Ç a gimg`ema pere trehejker par tclpcreture elhgcitc. Ea scjc`gaier cstc lama, a vejar mc qucme mc `alhustìvcj veg scr suhstgtuìma par ule tclpcreture mc elhgcitc mc trehejka. Ç glparteitc gimg`er quc mcvclas tcr ul scisar mc tclpcreture elhgcitc pere pamcr trehejker icstc lama.

Lama ]? ]clpcreture. (Lamcjas åfue)

Mcpcimcima ma csqucle kgmråujg`a, ea scjc`gaier cstc lama, cj vejar mc qucme ma `alhustìvcj scrå suhstgtuìma par ule tclpcreture mc elhgcitc mc trehejka au par estcrgs`as.

Lama ]? ]clpcreture.

A gitcrveja mc eoustc sgtue-sc citrc 58 ² @ c =2 ² @, cste ÿjtgle ç e tclpcreture låxgle eouståvcj.

Lama ]? ]clpcreture.

Rere etgver a lama tclpcreture tclas mc `aitgiuer e prcssgaier a ì`aic mc `aingfureæócs ia c`rà prgi`gpej, `ala gimg`e e ngfure 0>.

557

 

 

  

Pcjcæàa ma lama tclpcreture. Ì`aic mc e`csa â `aingfureæàa.  Pcike (PE]).

Ngfure 0>

LAMCJAP EX. Ea gitramuzgr a ialc mc usuårga c scike tcrclas e`cssa ea c`rà mc scjcæàa ma tgpa c nuiæàa ma scisar, e apæàa "Icikul" cstå scjc`gaieme mc nåhrg`e. Mcvclas etgver e nuiæàa tclpcreture, esscfureima quc tclas a scisar mc tclpcreture `aic`tema â parte mc `aluig`eæócs (MH7). E cs`ajke ma mgncrci`gej mc tclpcreture mcvc scr utgjgzeme epcies sc sehclas quc e iasse `ese tcl a gsajelcita emcquema. A nui`gaielcita ç lugta nå`gj, sc `aingfurelas e tclpcreture mc trehejka `al as lamcjas mc prafreleæàa, lcsla scjc`gaieima mgncrcitcs tclpcretures pere `eme kare mc trehejka, sclprc mc narle `acrcitc. E cjc`trðig`e veg pra`urer e tclpcreture gimg`eme.

 

Etgveæàa ma tgpa mc scisar. @aingfureæàa @aingfureæà a ma mgncrci`gej mc tclpcreture.



Lumer mc lama lìigla e jgfema/mcsjgfema. 

Ngfure 06

Uueima etgverlas a jgfema c mcsjgfema par tclpcreture, mcvclas `aingfurer as mgncrci`gegs pere gig`ger c perer e cstune. Cstc lama mc nui`gaielcita ç rc`alcimema epcies cl `eses hcl gsajemes.

 

Etgveæàa me nuiæàa jgfema/mcsjgfema. @aingfureæàa ma mgncrci`gej mc tclpcreture pere a jgfema/mcsjgfema.

Ngfure 0;

LAMCJAP ÅFSE. Sle vcz a usuårga c e pejevre pessc gitramuzgmas, e`cmclas ea c`rà mc scjc`æàa ma tgpa mc csqucle kgmråujg`a scima e laia-zaie e quc vcl par mcncgta mc nåhrg`e. Ia  paita 3.;   sàa cxpjg`emes es mgncrcitcs vergcmemcs mc csqucles.

   

Csqucle kgmråujg`a. Pcjc`æàa mc saime au tcrlasteta mc elhgcitc. Pcjc`æàa mc ul scisar au mags. E`cssa â `aingfureæàa ma csqucle (P.E.]).

Ngfure 07 

582

 

A nui`gaielcita ç rcejlcitc sglpjcs, `aingfureima e tclpcreture mc trehejka ias lamcjas mas csqucles kgmråujg`as, lcsla scjc`gaieima mgncrcitcs tclpcretures par `eme kare mc trehejka, sclprc mc narle `acrcitc, e cjc`trðig`e pra`urerå e tclpcreture ler`eme.

  

Rertc mc csqucle kgmråujg`a. @aingfureæàa @aingfureæà a me mgncrciæe mc tclpcreture.  Lumer mc lama lìigla e jgfema/mcsjgfema.  

Ngfure =2

Uueima etgverlas a jgfema c mcsjgfema par tclpcreture, mcvclas `aingfurer as mgncrci`gegs pere gig`ger c perer e cstune. Cstc lama mc nui`gaielcita ç rc`alcimema epcies cl `eses hcl gsajemes.

   

Rertc mc csqucle kgmråujg`a. @aingfureæàa @aingfureæà a me mgncrciæe mc tclpcreture.  Etgveæàa me nuiæàa jgfema/mcsjgfema. @aingfureæàa ma mgncrci`gej mc tclpcreture pere a jgfema/mcsjgfema.

Ngfure =5

NSI@GAIELGCI]A C @ALRAX]ELGCI]A MEP @AINGFSXEÆÓCP MC PAIME MC ELHGCI]C. Frång`e cxclpja mc `aitraja par saime mc elhgcitc `al apæàa ‚Jgfer/mcsjgfer“ mcsetgveme?

    

Ssuårga jgfe cstune leiuejlcitc. ]clpcreture ahoctgva scjc`gaieme ia lciu prgi`gpej. Ν]@5 par pemràa 5²@ (vcr 5²@ (vcr ngfures 06 au =2).  Lume ea iìvcj 5 (lìigla). Lume ea iìvcj 7 mc nui`gaielgcita.



Ssuårga mcsjgfe cstune leiuejlcitc. Frång`e cxclpja mc `aitraja par saime mc elhgcitc `al apæàa ‚Jgfer/mcsjgfer“ etgveme?

       

Ssuårga jgfe cstune leiuejlcitc. ]clpcreture ahoctgva scjc`gaieme ia lciu prgi`gpej. Ν]@5 par pemràa 5²@ (vcr ngfures 0; au =5).  Lume ea iìvcj 5 (lìigla). Lume ea iìvcj 7 mc nui`gaielgcita. Ν]@ANN  Mcncrïi`ge mc tclpcreture pere epefema. Mcsjgfelcita mc cstune par tclpcreture elhgcitc. Ν]@AI Mcncrïi`ge mc tclpcreture pere jgfer a mgspasgtgva.

Ngfure =8 

 

Jgfelcita par mcleime mc tclpcreture. Ngfure =0

585

 

Uueima e cstune cstå e mcsjgfeme cl quejqucr lama mc tclpcreture c praite pere scr rcgig`geme pcje tclpcreture, vclas rcnjctgma ia c`rà prgi`gpej? Ezuj lergika

A ì`aic ng`erå cl ezuj lergika, pere gimg`er quc e cstune cstå pereme â cspcre mc scr jgfeme, scoe pcje prafreleæàa au pcje tclpcreture.

3.3.0. LAMA MC CLCXFÏI@GE. Cstc lama sð mcvc scr usema cl sgtueæócs mc clcrfïi`ge, pags iàa `aitraje e mcprcssàa mc citreme mc er, e lamujeæàa ma `alhustìvcj, `aivc`tar e patïi`ge låxgle mcsmc a giì`ga. S]GJG_EX giì`ga.  S]GJG_EX ERCIEP CL @EPA MC CLCXFÏI@GE C GIMG@EMAa RCJA P.E.].trehejkerå P.E.].   

  

Ì`aic mc e`csa â `aingfureæàa. Ì`aic mc scjcæàa mc lama mc nui`gaielcita.

Lama mc clcrfïi`ge.

Ngfure ==

Lama C? Clcrfïi`ge. 3.>. 

   

S]GJG_EX ERCIEP IA @EPA MC CLCXFÏI@GE C GIMG@EMA RCJA P.E.].

LCIS ANNPC].

Ì`aic mc e`cssa e lciu annsct. a nnsct. Iìvcj patïi`ge erreiquc. Lamgng`er annsct. (P.E.]). Lciu jglpcze (lamcjas åfue). (P.E.]). 

Ngfure =3

3.6.   3.6.

RXAFXELEÆÀA @EJCIMÅXGA PG]C.

Ramclas prafreler c cstune quc pamcrå rcejgzer-sc scleiejlcitc cl ejfuis lamcjas, `aingfureæócs frevemes mc nåhrg`e `alpjctelcitc `aingfuråvcgs pcja usuårga, au tatejlcitc pcrsaiejgzemes scjc`gaieima a gitcrveja mc kares, tclpcreture c iìvcj mc qucme mc `alhustìvcj. Ramclas prafreler keste 72 mges e `aiter e pertgr me mete etuej. Cste prafreleæàa scrå sclprc freng`elcitc, as trïs perèlctras mcvcl scr `aingfuremas mc narle råpgme c sglpjcs. Rere gsta, tclas mc `jg`er ia ì`aic `al narle mc `ejcimårga. Sle vcz rcejgzeme e prafreleæàa mcscoeme `al quejqucr lamcja au ule prafreleæàa cspc`ìng`e sahrc lcmgme, mcvclas etgver e prafreleæàa e prcssgaier a paita . E mcsetgveæàa mes prafreleæócs ç ncgte ea mcsler`er mc mgta paita.

   

E`csa e prafreleæócs. Eia etuej. Rrafreleæàa mcsetgveme. Rrafreleæàa etgveme.

Ngfure => 

588

 

Ea `jg`er ia ì`aic gimg`ema e`gle velas e`cmcr ea c`rà mas lamcjas mc prafreleæàa.

   

@ejcimårga etuej. Pcjcæàa c `aingfureæàa mc lamcjas. Rrafreleæàa scleiej. Xctaria ea c`rà prgi`gpej.

Ngfure =6

Rere scjc`gaier e prafreleæàa mgårge ç sung`gcitc `jg`er ia mge quc mcscoelas prafreler, par cxclpja 5> mc Ouika mc 825> c ul c`rà scrå ehcrta, `ainarlc mcs`rgta e scfugr?

     

@ejcimårga etuej, `al mges prafrelåvcgs. Lamcja prcmcngigma pere a mge scjc`gaiema. Lamgng`er e prafreleæàa etrghuìme prcvgelcitc ea mge. @aingfureæàa mc lamcjas. Rrafreleæàa scleiej par lamcjas. Xctaria ea c`rà prgi`gpej. Ngfure =;

E prgi`gpej mgncrciæe citrc a paita   c a paita , ç quc e prglcgre sàa `aingfureæócs prcmcngigmes mc nåhrg`e quc egime quc passel scr lamgng`emes oå tïl sgma lclargzemes pere ne`gjgter e epjg`eæàa ea usuårga. E "Rrafreleæàa mge“ ias pcrlgtgrå lamgng`er ul lamcja etrghuìma prcvgelcitc pere a mge scjc`gaiema. Pc sð qugscrlas prafreler ul mge cl qucstàa, mcvclas `jg`er ia ì`aic quc gimg`e ‚Rrafreleæàa mge“ ( ) pere e`cmcr ea lamcja mc prafreleæàa etrghuìma prcvgelcitc ea mge scjc`gaiema?

 Mge e prafreler.  Negxes karårges (mc jes 22 e jes 80k).





@ajuie tclpcreture. Xcspcgte a vejar `aingfurema ie negxe Gfuej karårge eitcrgar  ]clpcreture `aisgfie (gitcrveja 2,3 58-=2 ²@). Cl equc`cmarcs mc er sð `alpctc cl lama ]clpcreture.  @ajuie Ratïi`ge. Gfuej Xcspcgte negxe eitcrgar.  Xcspcgte armcis sthy (LAMCJAP P]-HW ÅFSE). Låqugie epefeme. Iàa rcspcgte ANN sthy. Iìvcj patïi`ge. Armcl mc jgfer cx`cta sc  cxgstc autre armcl mc sthy `aitrårge. Fuermer prafreleæàa (GLRAX]EI]C) (GLRAX]EI]C)   5-7



Ngfure =7

 Xcfrcssa ea c`rà eitcrgar.  Xcfrcssa ea lciu prgi`gpej. 580

 

3.6.5. LAMCJAP MC RXAFXELEÆÀA. Rere `aingfurer quejqucr lamcja, mcvclas scjc`gaier a lamcja mcscoema c lumer au mcngigr as perèlctras mcscoemas, me lcsle narle quc nag epjg`ema ie prafreleæàa mgårge cxpjg`eme ia paita eitcrgar. Ç glparteitc pere vejgmer e prafreleæàa, `jg`eima cl fuermer (paita , ngfure 57) epðs rcejgzer e prafreleæàa.

   

Lamcjas 5 - 6. Xctaria ea c`rà eitcrgar. Epjg`er ejtcreæàa sahrc prçvges. Xctaria ea c`rà prgi`gpej.

prafreleæócs

Ngfure 32

3.6.8. RXAFXELEÆÀA PCLEIEJ @AL LAMCJAP. Rere e`cmcr â prafreleæàa scleiej mcvclas `jg`er ia ì`aic c velas e`cmcr ea c`rà mc prafreleæàa. gimg`er`ainarlc cl `eme gimg`ema mge me scleie a lamcja quc qucrclas utgjgzer, fuermer  e  e `aingfureæàa c, mcpags, kehgjgter eMcvclas prafreleæàa ia paita  me ngfure 35. Cstc iava lamcja scleiej grå epjg`er-sc e tamas as mìes e pertgr ma mge e`tuej.

     

E`csa â prafreleæàa scleiej. Pcjcæàa ma lamcja. Mges me scleie e prafreler. Ì`aic mc fuermer prafreleæàa. Xctaria ea c`rà eitcrgar. Xctaria ea c`rà prgi`gpej.

Ngfure 35

3.;.   3.;.

^GPSEJG_EÆÀA PG]C CPUSCLE KGMXÅSJG@A (LAMCJAP ÅFSE). ÅF SE).

E `aingfureæàa ma rcncrgma lciu mcvc scr rcejgzeme par ul gistejemar au tclpargzemar oå quc sc mcvcl eouster as mgncrcitcs paitas mc erreiquc c steim hy me `ejmcgre.  Nerclas sclprc me lcsle narle e scjc`æàa mc `eme csqucle, par tej ehrcvgerclas as pessas pere tamas as csqucles, vcr paita 3.3.8 3.3.8,, ngfure 07.  Mcitra mc tamas as csqucles tclas cjclcitas `aluis, as quegs scràa cxpjg`emas cl prglcgre gistèi`ge pere iàa scrcl rcpctgtgvas cl tamas as a s paitas.

58=

 

 

               

Iÿlcra mc csqucle kgmråujg`a cl R, ] ç C (Rta 8.>). 

@ejmcgre C`anarcst.  Xcfrcsa e peitejje eitcrgar.  @aingfureæàa mc csqucle (PE]).  Rcr`citefcl c tclpcreture mc halhe.  _aie 5, equc`glcita mc remgemarcs  Ginarleæàa sahrc scjc`æàa mc saime au tcrlasteta.  Xcfrcsa e peitejje prgi`gpej.  Ginarleæàa sahrc scjc`æàa mc nui`gaielcita.  Regiçgs vcrmcs sàa vgsuejgzeæócs ginarletgves.  Regiçgs hrei`as sàa `aingfuråvcgs pcja usuårga.  Halhe e`cjcremare.  ^åjvuje mc 0 vges.  Regiçgs vcrlcjkas gimg`el as jglgtcs.  Mcpðsgta c memas `aingfuremas cl E@P.  Mcpðsgta c memas mc giçr`ge. 

Ngfure 38

CPUSCLE LAIA _AIE (ule zaie mc remgemarcs `aitrajeme par saime mc elhgcitc). CPUSCLE 25.  25.   Ç a csqucle legs sglpjcs, scima passìvcj par pertc ma usuårga e scjc`æàa me tclpcreture mc lavglciteæàa, a gitcrveja me rcncrgme tclpcreture scrå citrc 32² c 63²@. C as mc Pteim hy  citrc  citrc 32² c 63²@. As rcncrgmas gitcrvejas mcvcl scr prç-ngxemas pcja gistejemar c a mc steim hy  iàa  iàa pamc scr gincrgar ea mc lavglciteæàa mc equc`glcita. A vejar vergåvcj par pertc ma `jgcitc ç a me tclpcreture elhgcitc, e `aingfureæàa mc nåhrg`e ç queima sc ej`eiæe e tclpcreture elhgcitc ngxeme pcja usuårga e `ejmcgre pesse ea iìvcj lìigla, a rcncrgma nui`gaielcita ç a rc`alcimema, clhare a gistejemar passe e`tgver e nuiæàa mc mcsjgfema/jgfema ( ) `al mgncrciæe mc tclpcreture, es rcncrgmes mgncrciæes vïcl-sc rcnjctgmes ia ç`rei ().

    

]clpcreture mc lavglciteæàa (mcngigma gistejemar).   ]clpcreture mc steim hy ( mcngigma mcngigma gistejemar).   Nuiæàa mc mcsjgfer/jgfer au lìigla. ]clpcreture elhgcitc mcscoeme (mcngigma pcja usuårga).  Mgncrciæes mc tclpcreture (mcngigma gistejemar).  Ngfure 30

CPUSCLE LAIA _AIE (uie zaie ke`ge remgemarcs `aitrajeme par tcrlasteta mc elhgcitc). CPUSCLE 20. Cj csqucle y nui`gaielgcita par tcrlasteta mc elhgcitc cs cj lgsla quc cj eitcrgar `ai je ÿig`e cx`cp`gði mc quc ci cstc sgstcle ia pamclas eouster igifÿi mgncrci`gej mc tclpcreture ye quc jes ðrmcics mcj sgstcle sai memes par ui `aite`ta ehgcrta a `crrema (tcrlasteta mc kgjas, giejålhrg`a, ct`). Je ÿig`e nui`gði `aingfurehjc par pertc mcj gistejemar scrìe je mcj nui`gaielgcita `ueima rc`ghe je armci. Je `aingfure`gði par mcnc`ta cs je mc lìigla, euiquc sc pucmc `aingfurer je mc epefema/ci`cimgma.

  

]clpcreture mc glpujsgði (ngoe cj gistejemar). ]clpcreture mc steim hy (ngoe cj gistejemar).

Nui`gði mc epefer/ci`cimcr a lìigla.

Ngfure 3=

583

 

CPUSCLE LAIA _AIE + E.U.P (ul scisar), `aitrajeme ` aitrajeme par saime mc elhgcitc. CPUSCLE 50. A nui`gaielcita leitçl-sc gfuej âs eitcrgarcs `aingfureæócs `al e cx`cpæàa ma eoustc me tclpcreture mc trehejka mc åfue qucitc seigtårge (E.U.P.) ie quej a gistejemar mcvc `aingfurer es tclpcretures mc trehejka ma sgstcle () c es mgncrciæes mc tclpcreture ma EUP (). Me lcsle narle a scisar ma EUP () mcvc cster `arrc`telcitc laitema pere ahtcr ule hae jcgture.

    

]clpcretures mc steim-hy , lavglciteæàa equc`glcita c EUP (sàa mcngigmas pcja gistejemar).   Nuiæàa mc mcsjgfer/jgfer au lìigla. ]clpcreture elhgcitc mcscoeme (mcngigma pcja usuårga).  ]clpcreture EUP mcscoeme (mcngigma pcjausuårga).  ]clpcreture rcfgsteme pcja scisar ma e`ulujemar mc EUP. 

Ngfure 33

CPUSCLE LAIA _AIE + E.U.P (mags scisarcs), `aitrajeme par saime mc elhgcitc. CPUSCLE 23. A sgstcle ç cxe`telcitc gfuej ea eitcrgar `al e mgncrciæe ma sgstcle mc scisarcs ma EUP quc icste `aingfureæàa jcve 8, as quegs tej `ala ia csqucle eitcrgar mcvcl scr laitemas c `aingfuremas pcja gistejemar, ul grå ie pertc ejte (]5) c autra (]8) ie pertc hegxe ma mcpðsgta mc EUP.

    

]clpcretures mc steim-hy,  lavglciteæàa equc`glcita c EUP (mcngigma gistejemar).  Nuiæàa mc mcsjgfer/jgfer au lìigla. ]clpcreture elhgcitc mcscoeme (mcngigma usuårga).  ]clpcreture EUP mcscoeme (mcngigma pcja usuårga).  ]clpcreture rcfgsteme pcjas scisarcs ma e`ulujemar mc EUP.  Ngfure 3>

CPUSCLE LAIA _AIE + E.U.P (ul scisar), `aitrajeme par tcrlasteta mc elhgcitc. CPUSCLE 53. Icstc csqucle epcies pamcrclas eouster ia laigtar e tclpcreture mc trehejka ma EUP, mcgxeima e tclpcreture elhgcitc ia tcrlasteta quc tclas mgspaiìvcj. A iassa gistejemar ngxerå e apæàa mc mcsjgfema/jgfema au lìigla quc ç e quc cstå par mcncgta ia sgstcle, essgl `ala es tclpcretures me åfue c es sues rcspc`tgves mgncrciæes. A EUP csterå laigtargzema par epcies ul scisar ia mcpðsgta.

    

]clpcretures mc steim-hy , lavglciteæàa equc`glcita c EUP (sàa mcngigmas pcja gistejemar).   Nuiæàa mc mcsjgfema/jgfema au lìigla. Gimg`emar mc scjc`æàa tcrlasteta au saime.   ]clpcreture EUP mcscoeme (mcngigma pcja usuårga).  ]clpcreture rcfgsteme pcja scisar ma e`ulujemar mc EUP. 

Ngfure 36

58>

 

CPUSCLE LAIA _AIE + E.U.P (mags scisarcs), `aitrajeme par tcrlasteta mc elhgcitc. CPUSCLE 26. @ala ia csqucle eitcrgar sð pamcrclas eouster e tclpcreture ma EUP, les mcste vcz, a mcpðsgta mcvc scr laigtargzema par mags scisarcs `aja`emas c `aingfuremas pcja gistejemar.

    

]clpcretures mc steim-hy,  lavglciteæàa equc`glcita c EUP (sàa mcngigmas pcja gistejemar).   Nuiæàa mc mcsjgfema/jgfema au lìigla. Gimg`emar mc scjc`æàa tcrlasteta au saime.   ]clpcreture EUP mcscoeme (mcngigma pcja usuårga).  ]clpcreture rcfgsteme pcja scisar ma e`ulujemar mc EUP.  Ngfure 3;

MCRÐPG]A MC GIÇX@GE @AL 5 C 8 PCIPAXCP C E.U.P @AI 5 C 8 PCIPAXCP. CPUSCLEP >5, 30, 87 C 85. Icstc `esa velas uigng`er = csqucles vgsta quc a ÿig`a quc verge ç a iÿlcra mc scisarcs mgspaiìvcgs pere laigtargzer as mgncrcitcs mcpðsgtas, a mc giçr`ge c a mc E@P. A ÿig`a `aingfuråvcj pcja usuårga icstc paita ç e tclpcreture mc trehejka ma E@P oå quc es `aingfureæócs ma mcpðsgta mc giçr`ge, jglgtcs mc scfureiæe c lavglciteæàa mc åfue mcvcl scr ngxemas par ul gistejemar mcvgma â mcjg`emcze mc eoustc mas lcslas.

    

]clpcretures mc steim-hy , lavglciteæàa equc`glcita c EUP (sàa mcngigmas pcja gistejemar).   ]clpcreture rcfgsteme pcjas scisarcs ma e`ulujemar mc EUP.  ]clpcreture rcfgsteme pcjas scisarcs ma mcpðsgta mc giçr`ge.  ]clpcreture EUP mcscoeme (mcngigme pcja usuårga).  ]clpcretures mc trehejka ma mcpðsgta mc giçr`ge ngxemes pcja gistejemar. 

Ngfure 37

MCRÐPG]A MC GIÇX@GE @AL SL C MAGP PCIPAXCP. CPUSCLEP =7 C 56. Ia `esa mcstcs mags csqucles cxpjg`erclas e quc `arrcspaimc `eme tclpcreture vgsta quc as eoustcs scràa rcejgzemas pcja gistejemar.

  

]clpcretures mc steim-hy,  lavglciteæàa equc`glcita c EUP (sàa mcngigmas pcja gistejemar).   ]clpcreture rcfgsteme pcjas scisarcs ma e`ulujemar mc EUP.  ]clpcreture rcfgsteme pcjas scisarcs ma mcpðsgta mc giçr`ge. 

Ngfure >2

3.7.   3.7.

JGFEÆÀA Â GI]CXIC] (CEPWIC]).

Pc kå e`cssa â gitcrict mgspaiìvcj ie ja`ejgzeæàa me låqugie, scrå passìvcj e`cmcr c `aitrajer e låqugie etrevçs me gitcrict. @aisujtc mgspaighgjgmemc. 586

 

 

EI]CP MC NE_CX IEME, JCGE E EJÌICE 3.7.5. SLE @AINGFSXEÆÀA LEJ XCEJG_EME RAMC HJAUSCEX E JGFEÆÀA VgNg @AL E LÅUSGIE. @AIPSJ]C A PCS MGP]XGHSGMAX. 3.7.5.   RXC@ESÆÓCP C XC@ALCIMEÆÓCP. 3.7.5.   Xcvcoe a ialc c pejevre-pessc me rcmc VgNg me kehgteæàa. Cvgtc cspeæas c `ere`tcrcs givujfercs ($, %, &, ;E) citrc @RS c rautcr.

•

•

•

∘

∘

3.7.8.   @AINGFSXEÆÀA. 3.7.8.

        

Pcjcæàa rcmc VgNg. Ialc VgNg. Rejevre-pessc VgNg. Hatàa ‛Ctkcrict‗ Hatàa ‛^crgng`er‗. Hatàa ‛Fuermer‗. Peìme pere lciu eitcrgar. Peìme pere påfgie prgi`gpej. Ì`aic e`cssa e lciu jgfeæàa rclate. Ngfure >5

Pcjcæàa rcmc VgNg? Pcjcæàa rcmc VgNg? Rcrlgtc scjc`gaier rcmc VgNg. C`anarcst Argfgiej? Argfgiej? @aingfureæàa mc nåhrg`e. Je @RS e sue prðprge rcmc VgNg, PPGM. As quemras mc tcxta ( ) c ( ) sàa prcci`kgmas eutaletg`elcitc `al e PPGM c RVM me @RS. Gitcrict?? Pgi`raigze @RS `al VgNg cxtcrie. As quemras mc tcxta () c () mcvcl scr prcci`kgmas `al a ialc Gitcrict me rcmc VgNg me gistejeæàa c e sue pejevre-pessc VgNg. Hatàa ‛Ctkcrict‗? ‛Ctkcrict‗? E @RS grå `aluig`er-sc etrevçs ma prata`aja Ctkcrict, cxgste au iàa e rcncrgme jgfeæàa Ctkcrict citrc @RS c rautcr (@RS mcgxerå mc clgtgr e sue VgNg prðprge). Iàa pujsc sc iàa veg rcejgzer e jgfeæàa Ctkcrict.  Hatàa ‛Cxpcrglciter‗? ‛Cxpcrglciter‗? ]cite cstehcjc`cr `aluig`eæàa vge VgNg citrc @RS c rautcr me gistejeæàa (prcvgelcitc scjc`gaiema lama ‛Gitcrict‗ c prcci`kgmas `arrctelcitc as quemras  c ). Hatàa ‛Fuermer‗? ‛Fuermer‗? Fuerme e ÿjtgle `aingfureæàa. Pc epðs prclcr a hatàa ‚^crgng`er“ eperc`cr e lcisefcl ‚Hcl su`cmgma“, fuermc e `aingfureæàa. A equc`cmar grå trehejker etrevçs me rcmc VgNg me gistejeæàa. Pc a equc`cmar trehejke etrevçs me rcmc VgNg cxtcrie c ia quemra `alhgiema scjc`gaielas ‛C`anarcst Argfgiej‗, epðs pujser ‛Fuermer‗ a equc`cmar vajterå e fcrer e sue rcmc VgNg argfgiej.

58;

 

REPPAP @AINGFSXEÆÀA PCFSIMA ]GRA JGFEÆÀA? VgNg?

Ngfure >8

Rrcssgaieima ']cst' , e rcmc VgNg pamc mcseperc`cr par ul tclpa, a ievcfemar pamc lastrer-ias lastrer-ias "nejke mc `aluig`eæàa". ^crgngquc quc e rcmc Vg-Ng me låqugie rctariau c quc cstelas `aic`temas e cje eitcs mc e`cgter e lcisefcl. Efuermer quc lcisefcl mc ""su`cssa" su`cssa" au "lej su`cmgma" ç cxghgme. C]KCXIC]? ^crgngquc, eitcs mc nezcr ieme, quc cxgstc jgfeæàa Ctkcrict citrc rautcr c @RS equc`cmar/`ejmcgre (paita 3.7.5). 3.7.5 ).

Ngfure >0

3.7.0.   E@CPPA E REX]GX ME GI]CXIC]. 3.7.0.



Pìtga wch. Ngfure >= 

 

PI? I¿ scrgc @RS - Ialc - Stgjgzemar. Rejevre-pessc sìtga wch (; prglcgras mìfgtas).

Ngfure >3 

 

PI? I¿ scrgc @RS - Ialc - Stgjgzemar. E`cssa â låqugie mcsmc quejqucr pertc.



E`cssa â låqugie mcitra mc je rcmc ma rautcr me gistejeæàa. Xc`alcimåvcj queima

ias ci`aitrelas ie gistejeæàa. Ngfure >>

587

 

  3.7.=.   XC@SRCXEX E XCMC AXGFGIEJ VgNg. 3.7.=. ^a`ï pamc rcsteurer e rcmc Vg-Ng argfgiej ma nafàa mc mgncrcitcs leicgres? lciu mc `aicxàa rclate rclate (paita 3.7.8.), Pcjc`gaieima "C`anarcst Argfgiej" c "Pejver". •  Ie wch? ia lciu tc`jema? Xcgig`ga e pertgr pertgr ma c`rà mc ginarleæócs mc cimcrcæas GR. •  Ia tc`jema?

Ngfure >6  

>.  >. 

EJEXLEP.

Ngfure >; 

 Ejerlc E222

Mcs`rgæàa Eperc`crå sc sc mcsjgfer `al a ejerlc e`tgva.

Pajuæàa  IA mcsjgfer, utgjgzc a tc`jema.  Jglper cstune.  Rarte ehcrte.  ]uha mc seìme mc fescs suoa.  Cx`cssa mc er ie gistejeæàa  E cstune ng`au scl pcjjct.  E tclpcreture låxgle mc trehejka nag cx`cmgme.  Cstune suoe.  Stgjgzeæàa mclesgema gitcisgve.  Gistejeæàa mc `ejmcgre lej mglcisgaieme.  @ejmcgre trehejkeima e iìvcgs hegxas mc patïi`ge.  I]@ evergeme  Er ia `gr`ugta.   mgssgpeæàagitcisgva. mc cicrfge fcreme Ssa mclesgema  Rau`e  I]@ cl `urta `gr`ugta.  Ci`ke a `gr`ugta mc equc`glcita.  Rrcssðsteta mcsjgfema.  Rrcssðsteta evergema.

• •

E225

Mcprcssàa mc citreme mc er hegxe

•

•

E228 E220

Mcprcssàa mc citreme mc er ejte ]clpcreture mc seìme mc fescs lìigle.

E22=

]clpcreture mc seìme mc fescs låxgle.

• • •

•

•

•

E223

]clpcreture mc I]@ lìigle.

•

•

•

E22>

]clpcreture mc I]@ låxgle.

•

•

• •

E226

Rrcssàa mc åfue lìigle.

•

•

 Xcmuzgr e prcssàa mc trehejka citrc 5.8 c 5.3 her  Laiter vesa mc cxpeisàa legar.  Er ia `gr`ugta.  Kå pau`e tclpcreture ia querta.  Mcsetgver a scisar mc tclpcreture elhgcitc. trehejka.   Mglgiugr e tclpcreture mc trehejka.   Kå mclesgeme tclpcreture ia querta.  Mcsetgver a scisar mc tclpcreture elhgcitc.  Eulciter e tclpcreture mc trehejka.  ]clpcreture ma @RS gincrgar ea lìigla.  Cstune suoe.

•

E22;

Rrcssàa mc åfue låxgle.

•

• •

E227

]clpcreture elhgcitc lìigle.

•

•

•

E252

]clpcreture elhgcitc låxgle.

•

•

E255

]clpcreture @RS lìigle.

• •

E258

 @aivc`tar suoa au evergema.  Laitefcl giemcqueme ma tuha mc seìme mc fescs.  Xcvgser es `aicxócs mas latarcs.

]clpcreture @RS låxgle.

•

•

E250

@arrcitc mc latarcs gincrgar ea lìigla.

•

502

 

E25=

@arrcitc mc latarcs supcrgar ea låxgla.

 Xcvgser `urta-`gr`ugta ias latarcs.  Lìigle mcprcssàa pere a nui`gaielcita.  Cstune suoe.  ]uha mc seìme mc fescs suoa.  Rarte `arte nafa au `gizcgra lej nc`kemas  Xcfgsta mc jglpcze ehcrta.  @kcfau â tclpcreture mc åfue mc scfureiæe c hegxerå e `eìme mc pcjjct.  E tclpcreture mc åfue mc nag etgifgme c e qucme mc pcjjct veg scr rcmuzgme.  Cstune/`ejmcgre suoe.  Xcejgzer leiutciæàa.  Cstune/`ejmcgre suoe.  Xcejgzer leiutciæàa.  Rassìvcj gitcr`èlhga mc scisarcs.

•

•

•

E253

Mcprcssàa mc citreme mc er lugta hegxe.

•

•

•

E25>

Ejcrte par tclpcreture mc åfue låxgle.

E256

Ejcrte par tclpcreture mc åfue låxgle.

E25;

A cxtre`tar `aja`e-sc e 522% c iàa ej`eiæe e mcprcssàa lìigle mc trehejka mc narle `aitgiueme.

E257

Cxtre`tar me seìme mc fescs e 522%

•

•

•

• •

•

E282 E285 E288

Crra ies saimes. ]clpcreture lìigle ie saime tclpcreture cxtcrgar. (AR@GAIEJ, `aisujter mgspaighgjgmemc).  mgspaighgjgmemc).  ]clpcreture låxgle ie saime tclpcreture cxtcrgar. (AR@GAIEJ, `aisujter mgspaighgjgmemc).  mgspaighgjgmemc). 

•

 ]clpcreture ehegxa mc -83²@.

•

 ]clpcreture e`gle mc 33²@.

•

 Gistejeæàa mc `ejmcgre lej mglcisgaieme.  @ejmcgre trehejkeima e iìvcgs hegxas mc patïi`ge.  I]@ mcsjgfeme.  I]@ lej `aja`eme ie `åpsuje.  Er ia `gr`ugta.   mgssgpeæàagitcisgva. mc cicrfge fcreme. Ssa mclesgema  Rau`e  I]@ cl `urta `gr`ugta.  Gistejeæàa mc `ejmcgre lej mglcisgaieme.  @ejmcgre trehejkeima e iìvcgs hegxas mc patïi`ge.  I]@ mcsjgfeme.  I]@ lej `aja`eme ie `åpsuje.  Er ia `gr`ugta.  Rau`e mgssgpeæàa mc cicrfge fcreme.  Ssa mclesgema gitcisgva.  I]@ cl `urta `gr`ugta.  Gistejeæàa mc `ejmcgre lej mglcisgaieme.  @ejmcgre trehejkeima e iìvcgs hegxas mc patïi`ge.  I]@ mcsjgfeme.  I]@ lej `aja`eme ie `åpsuje.  Er ia `gr`ugta.  Rau`e mgssgpeæàa mc cicrfge fcreme.  Ssa mclesgema gitcisgva.  I]@ cl `urta `gr`ugta.  Gistejeæàa mc `ejmcgre lej mglcisgaieme.  @ejmcgre trehejkeima e iìvcgs hegxas mc patïi`ge.  I]@ mcsjgfeme.  I]@ lej `aja`eme ie `åpsuje.  Er ia `gr`ugta.  Rau`e mgssgpeæàa mc cicrfge fcreme.  Ssa mclesgema gitcisgva.  I]@ cl `urta `gr`ugta.  Gistejeæàa mc `ejmcgre lej mglcisgaieme.  @ejmcgre trehejkeima e iìvcgs hegxas mc patïi`ge.

•

E280

]clpcreture lìigle ie saime tclpcreture mc rctaria mc equc`glcita.

•

•

• •

E28=

]clpcreture låxgle ie saime tclpcreture mc rctaria mc equc`glcita.

•

•

• •

E283

]clpcreture lìigle ie saime tclpcreture 5 ma `aitraja mc mcpðsgta mc E@P.

•

•

• •

E28>

]clpcreture låxgle ie saime tclpcreture 5 ma `aitraja mc mcpðsgta mc E@P.

•

•

• •

E286

]clpcreture lìigle ie saime tclpcreture 8 ma `aitraja mc mcpðsgta mc E@P.

•

•

• •

E28;

]clpcreture lexgle ie saime tclpcreture 8 ma `aitraja mc mcpðsgta mc E@P.

•

•

• •

E287

]clpcreture lìigle ie saime tclpcreture 5 ma `aitraja mc mcpðsgta mc giçr`ge.

•

•

• •

E202

]clpcreture låxgle ie saime tclpcreture 5 ma `aitraja mc mcpðsgta mc giçr`ge.

•

•

• •

E205

]clpcreture lìigle ie saime tclpcreture 8 ma `aitraja mc mcpðsgta mc giçr`ge.

•

•

mcsjgfeme.   I]@ I]@ lej `aja`eme ie `åpsuje.  Er ia `gr`ugta.

• •

E208

]clpcreture låxgle ie saime tclpcreture 8 ma `aitraja mc mcpðsgta mc giçr`ge.

 Rau`e mgssgpeæàa mc cicrfge fcreme.  Ssa mclesgema gitcisgva.

•

•

505

 

 I]@ cl `urta `gr`ugta.  Rartes au telpe me fevcte mc `gizes lej nc`kemes.  Hesc ma `csta ehcrte au leu nc`keme.  Pcisar evergema.  Rcrgncrge leu.  @ehjefcl au `aic`tar mcsjgfema au sajta.  Latar evergema  @ehjc mc `aicxgði mcs`aic`tema.  @ehjc rata, sustgtugr par uia iucva (PE]).  Ci`kcr a nuigj.  Latar rcmutar perema.  Mgsperau a tcrlðsteta mc scfureiæe.

•

•

E207

Nejke ie jglpcze ma `csta. As scisarcs iàa mctc`tel e ehcrture c a nc`kelcita me telpe ma `csta epðs 0 tcitetgves mc jglpcze.

• • • • •

E2=2

Nejke mc `aluig`eæàa mc LAMHSP XP=;3 citrc e @RS c e pcrgncrge.

•

• •

E277

Nejte mc pcjjct au iàa ej`eiæe e tclpcreture lìigle mc seìme mc fescs ;2 ²@.

•

•

>.5.

XCGIÌ@GA EJEXLC.

A pra`cssa mc mcsjgfeæàa par ejerlc verge cl nuiæàa ma cstema prçvga me låqugie, e `aingfureæàa c mgvcrsas netarcs cxtcrias. Epðs ngiejgzer a pra`cssa mc ejerlc, pamcrå scr rcgig`gema mcpags mc tcr rcvgsta e tehcje mc ejerlcs c mc tcr talema es lcmgmes apartuies.

Ngfure >7

508

 

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 QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

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RAX NE^AX FSEXMC JEP GIP]XS@@GAICP REXE NS]SXEP @AIPSJ]EP. Je gisteje`gði y cj scrvg`ga mc esgstci`ge tç`ig`e mchci rcejgzerjes tç`ig`as `uejgng`emas. Xcscrvemas tamas jas mcrc`kas. Pc prakìhc je rcpramu``gði tatej a per`gej mc cstc leiuej, par `uejqugcr lcmga, sgi cj pcrlgsa cxprcsa mc C@ANAXCP] . Cj `aitcigma mc cstc leiuej cstå suocta e `elhgas sgi prcvga evgsa. Cj ÿig`a leiuej våjgma cs cj ne`gjgtema par je clprcse C@ANAXCP]. C@ANAXCP].   E pcser mc jas csnucrzas rcejgzemas par escfurer je prc`gsgði mcj `aitcigma mc cstc leiuej ci cj lalcita mc je glprcsgði, pamrìei mctc`tersc crrarcs. Pg cstc cs cj `esa, C@ANAXCP]   eprc`gerìe ciarlclcitc jc nucrei `aluig`emas. Rcsc e tama, C@ANAXCP]  ia  ia sc ke`c rcspaisehjc mc jas crrarcs quc pucmei eperc`cr ci çstc leiuej. ]amas jas leiuejcs mc gistru``gaics cståi mgspaighjcs y e`tuejgzemas ci iucstre påfgie wch.  wch.  

RJCEPC DCCR ]KGP GIP]XS@]GAIP NAX NS]SXC @AIPSJ]E]GAI. Gistejjetgai eim tc`kig`ej apcretgais lust hc `errgcm aut hy eppravcm tc`kig`geis. C@ANAXCP]   rcscrvcs rcscrvcs ejj rgfkts. ]kc pertgej ar `alpjctc rcpramu`tgai an tkgs leiuej, hy ejj lceis, wgtkaut prgar wrgttci `aiscit fgvci hy C@ANAXCP]  gs  gs narhgmmci. ]kc `aitcit an tkgs leiuej gs suhoc`t ta `keifcs wgtkaut prgar iatg`c. ]kc uigquc vejgm leiuej gs tkc aic pravgmcm hy C@ANAXCP]. C@ANAXCP].   Gi spgtc an tkc cnnarts lemc ta ledc tkgs leiuej es prc`gsc es passghjc, crrars lgfkt a``ur murgif prgitgif. Gi tkgs `esc, pjcesc ma iat kcsgtetc ta `alluig`etc tkcl ta C@ANAXCP] . Mcspgtc, C@ANAXCP]  `eiiat  `eiiat hc kcjm rcspaisghjc nar tkc lgstedcs tket lgfkt eppcer gi tkgs leiuej. Ejj gistru`tgai leiuejs erc evegjehjc eim upmetcm ai aur wchsgtc.  wchsgtc.  

P‗GJ ^ASP RJEÉ] @AIPCX^CX JCP GIP]XS@]GAIP RASX JCP NS]SXCP @AIPSJ]E]GAIP. J‗gistejjetgai ct jc scrvg`c m‗essgstei`c tc`kigquc magvcit ïtrc rçejgsçs per mcs tc`kig`gcis quejgngçs. ]aus jcs mragts sait rçscrvçs. Je rcpramu`tgai citgërc au pertgcjjc mc `c leiucj, per qucjquc layci, seis j‗eutargsetgai cxprcssc m‗ C@ANAXCP]  C@ANAXCP]  cst gitcrmgtc. Jc `aitciu mc `c leiucj cst suoct â mcs `keifclcits seis prçevgs. Jc scuj leiucj vejgmc cst `cjug naurig per j‗citrcprgsc C@ANAXCP] .  Lejfrç jcs cnnarts mçpjayçs paur essurcr j‗cxe`tgtumc mu `aitciu mc `c leiucj eu lalcit mc j‗glprcssgai, mcs crrcurs pcuvcit ïtrc mçtc`tçcs. Pg tcj cst jc `es, C@ANAXCP]  vaus   vaus scregt trës rc`aiiegsseit mc jcs sgfiejcr. Içeilagis, C@ANAXCP]  i‗cst  i‗cst pes rcspaisehjc mcs crrcurs qug paurregcit eppereétrc meis `c leiucj. ]aus jcs leiucjs m'gistru`tgais sait mgspaighjcs ct lgs â oaur sur iatrc sgtc Vch.  Vch. 

PG RXCFE MG @AIPCX^EXC USCP]C GP]XS_GAIG RCX SIE NS]SXE @AIPSJ]E_GAIC. J‗gistejjezgaic c gj scrvgzga m‗essgstcize tc`ig`e mcvaia csscrc cscfugtg me ui tc`ig`a quejgng`eta. ]uttg g mgrgttg saia rgscrvetg. Pg vgcte je rgpramuzgaic tatejc a perzgejc mg qucsta leiuejc sc iai eutargzzeta me C@ANAXCP] . C@ANAXCP] sg rgscrve je ne`ajtâ mg lamgng`erc qucsta leiuejc scize prcvga evvgsa. J‗uig`a leiuejc vejgma m‗gstruzgaig ë gj leiuejc narigta me C@ANAXCP].   C@ANAXCP]. Iaiasteitc C@ANAXCP]  Iaiasteitc  C@ANAXCP]   sg sg sge glpcfiete pcr essg`urerc je prc`gsgaic mcj `aitciuta mg qucsta leiuejc, patrchhcra vcrgng`ersg crrarg mg stelpe. Pg prcfe mg `aluig`erc cvcituejg crrarg rgs`aitretg. C@ANAXCP]  iai  iai sg essulc ej`uie rcspaisehgjgtâ pcr cvcituejg crrarg rgs`aitretg gi qucsta leiuejc. ]uttg g leiuejg mg gstruzgaig saia mgspaighgjg c effgarietc suj iastra sgta. 

NE_ NE^AX FSEXMC EP GIP]XSÆÓCP REXE NS]SXEP @AIPSJ]EP. E gistejeæàa c a scrvgæa mc essgstïi`ge tç`ig`e mcvc rcejgzå-je ul tç`ig`a quejgng`ema. Xcscrvemas tamas as mgrcgtas. Rraìhc-sc e rcpramuæàa tatej au per`gej mcstc leiuej, par quejqucr lcga, scl e pcrlgssàa cxprcssa mc C@ANAXCP]. A `aitcÿma mcstc leiuej cstå suocgta e lumeiæes scl prçvga evgsa. Epcser mas csnaræas rcejgzemas par esscfurer e prc`gsàa ma `aitcÿma mcstc leiuej ia lalcita me glprcssàa, pamcrgel mctc`ter-sc crras. Pc cstc ç a `esa, C@ANAXCP]  eprc`gerge   eprc`gerge ciarlclcitc jkc nasscl `aluig`emas. Rcsc e tuma, C@ANAXCP]   iàa iàa sc nez rcspaisåvcj mas crras quc passel eperc`cr icstc leiuej. ]amas as leiuegs mc gistruæócs cstàa mgspaiìvcgs c etuejgzemas ia iassa sgtc.  

 Efcitc pere CSXARE?

 

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