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G@L[@N AK UKN@FDBLKV V@N[A@ENKV

 

Fbltkldab [L@ UKN@FDBL V@N[A@ENK......................... V@N[A@ENK........................................ ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. .................. ....5 5 UKN@FDBLKV V@N[A@ENKV KL N@ H@GDND@......................... H@GDND@........................................ ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ......................... ........... ; UKN@FDBLKV V@N[A@ENKV KL N@ DJNKVD@....................... DJNKVD@...................................... ............................. ............................. .............................. ......................................... ..........................05 05 UKN@FDBLKV V@N[A@ENKV KL N@V BUJ@LDY@FDBLKV............... BUJ@LDY@FDBLKV............................. ............................. .............................. ............................................ ..............................5? .5?

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UKN@FDBLKV V@N[A@ENKV. [l` rkn`fdöl s`nua`enk ks `quknn` quk gbtv` ` qudklks p`rtfdp`l ` aks`rrbnn`rsk, g`aur`r fbgb pkrsbl`s y skr f`a` aç` gàs skgki`lks ` Frdsb. Fu`nqudkr` sk` kn tpb ak rkn`fdöl9 _`arks ‖ Cdibs= Kspbsb ‖Kspbs`, Kgpnk`abr ‖ Kgpnk`ab ks s`nua`enk sd rkspblak ` nbs prdlfdpdbs ks`enkfdabs pbr Adbs. Kl ldljul` br` àrk` ak n` vda` sk kvdaklfd` gàs n` g`aurkz akn frdst`lb quk kl n` rkn`fdöl fbl sus skgki`lks, ks `nnç ablak sk guksr` qudkl g`la` kl su vda`9 Frdsb b su l`ur l`ur`nkz `nkz`` cug`l`. cug`l`. N`s klkgds` klkgds`aks, aks, pnkd pnkdbs, bs, fknbs, fknbs, dr`s, fbltkla`s, fbltkla`s, adsklsdbl adsklsdblks, ks, ckrkiç`s, klvdad`s y cbgdfdadbs babs sbl prkskl`abs fbgb hrubs ak nb l`ur`n y f`rl`n kl kn frkyklk. Jàn``s ;95? N` Edend` lbs prkskl` v`rdbs gbaknbs ak rkn`fdblks s`nua`enks, pkrb qudzà kn gàs fkrf`lb ` lbsbrbs ks kn gbaknb ak rkn`fdöl ak Frdsb fbl su `g`a`9 n` Djnksd`. Kl ks` rkn`fdöl klfblr`gbs n`s 1 f`r`fkrçstf`s quk c`fkl ` ul` rkn`fdöl s`nua`enk. 0.

Ndakr`zjb Vdkrvb (Ukspbls`enk y _rbtkftbr)9 Kn gàs hukrk (Frdsb) sk bhrkfk kl s`frdfdb pbr n` dgpkrhkf` djnksd` fbl kn prbpösdb ak rksf``rn`, purdf`rn` y ndekr`rn` akn pkf`ab. Fbnbsklsks 090455 pbr fu`ltb `jr`aö `n _`ark quk kl än c`edt`sk tba` pnkldtua, y pbr gkadb ak än rkfb rkfblf lfdndnd` d`rr fb fbls lsdj djb b tb tba` a`ss n`s n`s fbs`s, `sç n`s quk kstàl kl n` krr` fbgb fb gb n`s n`s quk quk ks ksttàl kl nbs nbs fdkn fdknbs bs,, c`fdklab n` p`z gkad`ltk n` s`ljrk ak su fruz fruz.. T ` vbsb vbsbtr trbs bs t` t`ge gedä däl, l, qu qukk kr` kr`ds kl btrb kgpb kx kxttr` r`ð ðbs y  klkgdjbs kl vukstr` gkltk, c`fdklab g`n`s ber`s, `cbr` bs c` rkfblfdnd`ab kl su fukrpb ak f`rlk, pbr gkadb ak n` gukrtk, p`r` prksklt`rbs s`ltbs y sdl g`lfc` k drrkprklsdenks akn`ltk ak än=  än=  

Kl ul` rkn`fdöl s`nua`enk qudkl ks gàs hukrk y` sk` pbr su f`p`fda`a sdf`, pbr su pbsdfdöl ak `ubrda`a b pbr klkr n` `agdldsr`fdöl ak edklks, ks `gedäl nn`g`ab ` us`r su f`p`fda`a b `ubrda`a p`r` prbkjkr, `yua`r y prbgbvkr kn aks`rrbnnb ak qudklks ksàl e`ib su fuda`ab, L[LF@ us` su f`p`fda`a p`r` a`ð`r, `kgbrdz`r b kikrfkr abgdldb dlakedab sberk knnbs. _br kikgpnb9 Kn cbgerk ks nn`g`ab ` prbkjkr ` 5

 

n` guikr, nbs p`arks ` nbs cdibs, nbs kgpnk`abrks ` nbs kgpnk`abs, n`s `ubrda`aks ` nbs fdua`a`lbs, kf. Fu`lab ulb ak nbs quk ksàl kl `ubrda`a `eus` ak su pbsdfdöl b lb fugpnk fbl su rkspbls`ednda`a sk ks`enkfk kn f`bs kl n` rkn`fdöl. Kxdskl adhkrklks hbrg`s ak kikrfkr n` `ubrda`a, pkrb n`s abs gàs bpuks`s sbl g`la`r y ndakr`r. Kn Vkðbr Iksùs nb kxprksö ak n` sdjudklk g`lkr` kl G`rfbs 0?9  G`s

Iksùs, nn`gàlabnbs, nks adib9 V`eäds quk nbs quk sbl kldabs pbr jbekrl`lks ak n`s l`fdblks sk klskðbrk`l klskðbrk`l ak knn`s, y sus jr`laks kikrfkl kikrfkl sberk knn`s pbks`a. pbks`a. _krb lb skrà `sç klrk vbsbrbs, sdlb quk kn quk qudkr` c`fkrsk jr`lak klrk vbsbrbs skrà vuksrb skrvdabr, y kn quk ak vbsbrbs qudkr` skr kn prdgkrb, skrà sdkrvb ak babs. _bakgbs akfdr quk kn quk ndakr` f`p`fd`, `ldg`, fbgp`rk n` vdsdöl, kgpbakr`= gdklr`s quk kn quk g`la` brakl`, kxdjk, bendj`, kf.  5.

Bpbrtulda`aks ak Aks`rrbnnb (Aknkj`fdöl ak @utbrda`a)9 Iksufrdsb @utbrda`a)9  Iksufrdsb f`p`fdö y kqudpö ` su `g`a` p`r` quk fbgp`rtkr` fbl än su nn`g`ab ak nnkv`r kn gkls`ik ak s`nv`fdöl. G`tkb 53903  T  T Iksùs sk `fkrfö y nks c`enö adfdklab9 Qba` pbtkst`a  gk ks a`a` kl kn fdknb y kl n` krr`. _br t`ltb, da, da, y c`fka adsfçpunbs adsfçpunbs ` tba`s n`s l`fdblks, e`uzàlabnbs kl kn lbgerk akn _`ark, y akn Cdib, y akn Kspçrdtu V`ltb= klskðàlabnks quk ju`rakl tba`s n`s fbs`s quk bs ck g`la`ab= y ck `quç  yb kstby fbl vbsbtrbs tbabs nbs aç`s, a ç`s, c`st` kn hl akn gulab. @gäl.

Kl ul` rkn`fdöl s`nua`enk qudkl tklk `ubrda`a f`p`fd` y kqudp` ` nbs quk ksàl e`ib su fu fuda da`a `ab b p` p`r` r` quk quk kn knnb nbss `ge `gedk dkl l `sug `sug`l `l rk rksp spbl bls` s`ed edndnda` a`ak akss y aks` aks`rr rrbn bnnk nkl l su pbk pb klf lfd` d`n. n. Nb Nbss p`ar p`arks ks vkn` vkn`l l pb pbrr qu qukk su suss cdib cdibss `a `aqu qudk dkr` r`l l nbs nbs fblb fblbfd fdgd gdkl klb bss y ckrr`gdkl`s quk nks c`ednd`ràl p`r` fugpndr fbl kn prbpösdb ak Adbs p`r` sus vda`s= kn kspbsb vkn` pbrknknaks`rrbnnb aks`rrbnnbakaksus sukgpnk`abs, kspbs` `lb fbgb `dlknkfu`n sdfb, kn ikhk prbgukvk kn kspdrdu`n p`sbr f`p`fd` nbs nçakrksyp`r` kn gdldskrdb, kf.

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Edkl fbgùl9  fbgùl9  Iksufrdsb ksuvb ndsb ` fbgp`rtr fbl su `g`a` su nuj`r ak prdvdnkjdb `n fbnbf`r ` f`a` ulb ak sus skjudabrks `n ldvkn ak cdibs ak Adbs y fbckrkakrbs. Ubg`lbs 3901 _brquk tbabs nbs quk sbl jud`abs pbr kn Kspçrdtu ak Adbs, ästbs sbl cdibs ak Adbs. _uks lb c`eäds rkfdedab kn kspçrdtu ak ksfn`vdtua   p`r` kst`r btr` vkz kl tkgbr, sdlb quk c`eäds rkfdedab kn kspçrdtu ak `abpfdöl,  pbr kn fu`n fn`g`gbs9 ¡@ee`, _`ark! Kn Kspçrdtu gdsgb a` tksgbldb ` lukstrb 6

 

kspçrdtu, ak quk sbgbs cdib kspçrdtu, cdibss ak Adbs. T sd cdibs, t`ge t`gedäl däl ckrkakrbs= ckrkakrbs= ckrkakr ckrkakrbs bs ak Adbs y fbckrkakrbs fbl Frdstb, sd ks quk p`akfkgbs iult`gkltk fbl än, p`r` quk iult`gkltk fbl än sk`gbs jnbrdhf`abs. Kl ul` rkn`fdöl s`nua`enk sk eusf` kn edkl guub y sk ksà `edkrb ` fbgp`rtr sdl kjbçsgbs, sdkgprk pkls`lab kl kn edkl ak nbs akgàs y lb sbnb kl kn edkl prbpdb. Ksk prd prdlf lfdp dpdb db ks ksà à kl fn fn`r `r`` fbl fblr` r`pb pbsd sdfd fdöl öl fbl fbl n` lbrg lbrg`` ak aknn gula gulab b quk quk dlfd dlfd` ` `n dladvdau`ndsgb y `n `ub aks`rrbnnb dlakpkladklk ak n` fbnkftvda`a. Kl kn prdlfdpdb eçendfb eçen dfb lb pukak pukak c`e c`ekr kr aks`rr aks`rrbnn bnnb b dladvd dladvdau`n au`n aksfbl aksfblkf kf`a `ab b akn fb fbnkf nkftvb tvb `n quk pkrklkfkgbs. Kn dladvdaub sk aks`rrbnn` prdgkrb kl ul fblkxb ak h`gdnd`, nukjb ak djnksd`, akspuäs fbgb fdua`a`lb y gdkgerb ak ul` fdua`a b l`fdöl. 1.

Gutu` suikfdöl9 Iksufrdsb ks kikgpnb ` n` djnksd` kl suikfdöl9 0ª ak Fbrdltbs 0;9 53 _krb nukjb quk ba`s n`s fbs`s nk ksäl suik`s, kltblfks t`gedäl kn Cdib gdsgb sk suikt`rà `n quk nk suikö ` än ba`s n`s fbs`s, p`r` quk Adbs sk` bab kl babs.

N` suikfdöl ks ul prdlfdpdb ak brakl kl n` sbfdka`a, ks kn rkspkb quk sk tklk pbr `njudkl ` qudkl sk c` klfbgkla`ab ul` `rk` kl `lb quk ksä kl kikrfdfdb ak sus hulfdb hul fdblks lks.. Ks Ks`` sui suikfd kfdöl öl lb sdj sdjld ldf` f` bek bekadk adklfd lfd`` drr drrkk kkxdv xdv`. `. [l kik kikgpn gpnb b ak ks kskk prdlfdpdb ksà kl Ckfcbs ;90:-54. @nnç nbs `pösbnks rkfblbfkl quk kn sugb s`fkrabk tklk `ubrda`a, pkrb knnbs lb ksàl bendj`abs ` bekakfkrnk pbrquk sus kxdjklfd`s de`l kl fblr`vç` fbl n`s akg`la`s ak Adbs. Brb kikgpnb ak ksk prdlfdpdb ksà kl A`ldkn f`pçunb 6 ablak nbs 6 `gdjbs ak A`ldkn, sdl aksfblbfkr n` `ubrda`a akn rky sk ldkj`l ` bekakfkrnk `l `njb quk ks fblr` n` vbnul`a ak Adbs. Kl ul` rkn`fdöl s`nua`enk c`y ul fn`rb klkladgdklb ak n`s nçlk`s ak `ubrda`a y c`y sbgktgdklb (rkspkb) vbnul`rdb ` n`s rkjn`s y prdlfdpdbs ks`enkfdabs p`r` kn edkl ;95099 Vbgkkbs ulbs ` brbs kl kn kgbr ak Adbs. fbgùl. Khksdbs ;950 N` sugdsdöl b kn sbgkgdkltb sbgkgdkltb klk quk vkr fbl kn rkspk rkspktb tb g`s lb lkfks`rd lkfks`rd`gklt `gkltk k fbl n` bekadklfd`. bekadklfd`. Kl ul p`çs pukak c`ekr aksbekadklfd` fdvdn sdl h`n`r `n rkspkb pbr n` `ubrda`a, kl ul` h`gdnd` pukak c`ekr aksbekadklfd` `lk ul` jur` ak `ubrda`a `eusdv`, kf. Ks`s 1 f`r`fkrçstf`s pukakl y akekl aks`rrbnn`rsk kl fu`nqudkr rkn`fdöl sk` ks` klrk frdst`lbs b ` ldvkn skfun`r, ak ckfcb, n`s sbfdka`aks quk c`l nbjr`ab ul g`ybr 1

 

aks`rrbnnb n`s c`l `pndf`ab `gpnd`gklk fbl nbs gkibrks rksun`abs. _krb c`y ul knkgklb `adfdbl`n quk sbnb pukak skr `pndf`ab pbr nbs frdst`lbs9 ;.

[l prbpösdtb fbgùl9 Jnbrdhf`r ` Adbs. Fbnbsklsks 69569 69569 T bab nb quk c`jàds, c`fkanb ak fbr`zöl, fbgb p`r` kn skðbr y lb p`r` nbs cbgerks.

N`s rkn`fdblks dlkrpkrsbl`nks dlkrpkrsbl`nks akekl kvdaklfd`r kn hrub akn Kspçrdu V`lb kl n` vda` akn frkyklk, ks` ks ul` hbrg` fbgb sk guksr` `n gulab quk vkra`akr`gklk sbgbs cdibs ak Adbs9 Kn Kspçrdu V`lb kl kn frkyklk aks`rrbnn` ul f`ràfkr pnklb ak gdskrdfbrad`, ekldjlda`a, cugdna`a, g`lskaugerk y p`fdklfd` sbl knkgklbs fn`vk p`r` aks`rrbnn`r rkn`fdblks s`nua`enks. Dju`ngklk `yua` p`r` quk n`s h`n`s, krrbrks y fbldfbs sk`l klhrkl`abs fbl kn pkraöl quk sk hula`gkl` kl kn pkraöl rkfdedab ak Frdsb, lb kl nb euklb b nb g`nb akn `jrksbr b ak nb iusb b dliusb ak sus `ffdblks. „pkrablàlabbs ulbs ` brbs sd `njulb uvdkrk quki` fblr` brb. Ak n` g`lkr` quk Frdstb bs pkrablö, pkrablö , `sç  `gedäl c`fkanb vbsbrbs „Fbnbsklsks 6906. @ rkspblakr fbl ekladfdöl ` nbs quk g`nadfkl y prbfur`l kn g`n. Ukfblbfdklab quk n` vklj`lz` vdklk ak Adbs, `sç fbgb su prbkffdöl hrklk ` nbs klkgdjbs. Ubg`lbs 05904-5?. Kl nb quk akpklak ak f`a` pkrsbl` sk akek prbfur`r n` p`z fbl sus skgki`lks. Ubg` Ub g`lb lbss 05 0590 903. 3. T ` lb rk rk`f `ffd fdbl bl`r `r ak g` g`lk lkr` r` k kgp gpkr kr`g `gkl kl` `nn hrkl hrklk k ` n` n`ss fdrfuls` fdrf uls`lfd`s lfd`s ak n` vda` sdlb fblhb fblhbrgk rgk ` n` vbnul`a ak Adbs. Iksuf Iksufrdsb rdsb luk luksrb srb kikgpnb9 0. „fu`lab nk g`nakfç`l, lb rkspbladö fbl g`nadfdöl‗ (0 _ka. 5956) 5. „nk c`fç` gufc`s prkjul`s, pkrb kn lb rkspblaç`‗ (Nf. 5694) 6. „@ljust`ab än y `djdab, lb `erdö su ebf`‗ (Ds. ;69:).

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UKN@FDBLKV V@N[A@ENKV KL N@ H@GDND@

N` h`gd h`gdndnd`` ks n` br brj` j`ldz ldz`f `fdö döl l ksfb ksfbjd jda` a` pbr pbr Adbs Adbs p`r` p`r` quk nbs nbs skrk skrkss cug cug`l `lbs bs `prkla`l nbs prdlfdpdbs eàsdfbs p`r` n` vda`, pbr ksb ks `l dgpbr`lk quk kl n` h`gdnd` sk aks`rrbnnkl rkn`fdblks s`nua`enks. Vd nbs ldðbs vdvkl rkn`fdblks s`nua`enks kl su f`s`, skràl `aunbs quk prbgukvkl y fblsruykl rkn`fdblks s`nua`enks. Kl Akukrblbgdb 89 0-4 sk lbs brdkl` sberk n` hbrg` fbgb sk akek klskð`r ` n` h`gdnd` kn kgbr, n` cblr` y kn `gbr ` Adbs. Ksk ks kn hula`gklb ak n`s eukl`s rkn`fdblks fbl luksrbs skgki`lks. _`r` aks`rrbnn`r rkn`fdblks s`nua`enks klrk kn kspbsb y n` kspbs`, nbs p`arks y nbs cdibs y fbl n` h`gdnd` kxklada` sk akek p`rtr akn `gbr ` Adbs. Kst stbs bs,, pu puks ks,, sb sbl l nbs g`la g`la`g `gddkltb kltbs, s, nbs ks kst` t`ttut utbs bs y nbs nbs ak akfr frkt ktbs bs quk quk kn  VKÐBU vukstrb Adbs gk c` g`la`ab quk bs klskðk, p`r` quk nbs fugpnàds kl n` krr` quk v`ds ` pbskkr, p`r` quk tkg`s `n VKÐBU tu Adbs, ju`ra`lab tbabs sus kst`tutbs y sus g`la`gdkltbs quk yb tk braklb, tù y tus cdibs y  tus ldktbs, tbabs nbs aç`s ak tu vda` vda`,, p`r` p`r` quk quk tu tuss aç`s aç`s sk sk`l `l  prbnblj`abs. Ksfufc`, puks, bc Dsr`kn, y fuda` ak c`fkrnb, p`r` q guuknpntdkquksv`y` keldkl y jr`tlk g`lkr` r`,, kl ul` kr krrr` quk g`l` nkfck y gdkn, t`n fbgb kn  VKÐBU, kn Adbs ak tus p`arks, tk c` prbgkab.   Ksfufc Ksf ufc`, `, bc Dsr`kn, Dsr`kn, kn VK VKÐBU ÐBU ks luk lukstr strb b Adb Adbs, s, kn VKÐBU ulb ks. @g`ràs @g`ràs `n  VKÐBU VKÐB U tu Adbs fbl tbab tu fbr`zöl, fbl tba` tu `ng` y fbl tba` tu ukrz`. T kst`s  p`n`er`s quk yb tk g`lab cby, kst`ràl sberk tu fbr`zöl= y adndjkltk adndjkltkgkltk gkltk n`s klskð`ràs ` tus cdibs , y c`en`ràs ak knn`s fu`lab tk sdkltks kl tu f`s` y fu`lab

`laks pbr kn f`gdlb, f`gdlb, fu`lab fu`lab tk `fukstks y fu`lab fu`lab tk nkv`ltks. nkv`ltks. T n`s `t`ràs fbg fbgb b 8

 

ul` skð`n ` tu g`lb, y skràl pbr dlsdjld`s kltrk tus bibs. T n`s ksfrdedràs kl nbs  pbstks ak tu f`s` y kl tus pukrt`s. Iksùs fblrgö ks` klskð`lz` `n kxprks`r kn fbgpkladb ak n`s eukl`s rkn`fdblks kl G`kb 559 6:-649  Iksùs nk adib9 @g`ràs `n Vkðbr tu Adbs fbl tbab tu fbr`zöl, y fbl tba` tu `ng`, y fbl tba` tu gkltk. Kstk ks kn prdgkrb y jr`lak g`la`gdkltb. T kn skjulab ks skgki`ltk9  @g`ràs ` tu pröidgb fbgb `  gdsgb. Ak kstbs abs g`la`gdkltbs akpklak tba` n` nky y nbs prbkt`s. prbkt`s .

0. Ndakr Ndakr`zjb `zjb sdk sdkrvb rvb kl n` ` `gdnd`. gdnd`. ((Ukspb Ukspbls`en ls`enk k y _rbtkftbr _rbtkftbr)9 )9 Kl n` h`gdnd` sk tklk n` bpbrulda`a ak kikrfkr ndakr`zjb ` adhkrklks ldvknks, pbr kikgpnb, kn v`röl ndakr` ` su kspbs`, nbs p`arks ` nbs cdibs y nbs cdibs pukakl bg`r ndakr`zjb sberk `njul`s àrk`s b `ftvda`aks ak n` f`s`. _br ksb f`a` dlkjr`lk ak n` h`gdnd` akek klkr prksklk quk Adbs nk c` nn`g`ab ` skr nçakr sdkrvb y lb nçakr adf`abr. Kn kikgpnb ak Iksùs tklk ul v`ndbsb sdjldf`ab kl kn fblkxb ak n` h`gdnd`9 0.0.. 0.0

Kn ks kspbsb pbsb ks nn`g`ab nn`g`ab ` kikrfkr kikrfkr fbgb nçakr ak n` guikr kl nn`` rkn rkn`fdöl `fdöl ak p`rki`, ak n` gdsg` g`lkr` fbgb Frdstb ndakr` ` n` djnksd`.

_brquk kn g`rdab ks f`ekz` ak n` guikr, `sç fbgb Frdstb ks f`ekz` ak n` djnksd`, sdklab Kn gdsgb kn V`nv`abr akn fukrpb. fukrpb . Hdndpklsks ;9 56 _br nb `lb, kn cbgerk ks nn`g`ab ` skjudr kn gbaknb ak Frdsb kl n` rkn`fdöl fbl su kspbs`9 

Frdsb lb sk `hkrrö ` sus pdjnksd`)9 rdvdnkjdbs, sdlb puks, quk skklakspbiö akkstk knnbssklr p`r` quk r`kr s`nv`fdöl ` su `g`a` (n` prdvdnkjdbs, „C`y`, vbsbtrbs cueb t`gedäl kl Frdstb Iksùs, kn fu`n, sdklab kl brg` ak Adbs, lb ksgö kn skr dju`n ` Adbs fbgb fbs` ` quk `krr`rsk, sdlb quk sk akspbiö ` sç gdsgb, tbg`lab brg` ak sdkrvb, ckfcb skgki`ltk ` nbs cbgerks= y kst`lab kl n` fbladfdöl ak cbgerk, sk cugdnnö ` sç gdsgb, c`fdälabsk bekadkltk c`st` n` gukrtk, y gukrtk ak fruz‗. Khksdbs 59 ;-3

@sç gdsgb kn cbgerk frdst`lb lb sk `hkrr` ` n` pbsdfdöl quk kn gulab c` bbrj`ab `n v`röl ak skr `gb y skðbr ak n` guikr, sdlb quk `sugk kn ndakr`zjb fbgb sdkrvb. :

 

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Frdsb klrkjö su vda` kl s`frdfdb pbr `gbr ` su kspbs`, ks` ks n` akg`la` quk Adbs c`fk `n kspbsb frdst`lb. @g`r ` su kspbs` c`s` kn s`frdfdb, sd hukrk lkfks`rdb9 G`rdabs, `g`a ` vukstr`s guikrks, `sç fbgb Frdstb `gö ` nn` ` djnksd` sk kltrkjö ` sç gdsgb pbr knn`, p`r` s`lhf`rn`, c`edälabn` purdhf`ab kl kn n`v`gdkltb akn `ju` pbr n` p`n`er`, ` hl ak prkskltàrskn` ` sç gdsgb, ul` djnksd` jnbrdbs`, quk lb tuvdksk g`lfc` ld `rruj` ld fbs` skgki`ltk, sdlb nbs g`rdabs akekl `g`r ` sus quk ukskfbgb s`lt``ysus sdlgdsgbs g`lfc`.fukrpbs , y @sç t`gedäl guikrks . Kn quk `g` ` su guikr, ` sç gdsgb sk

`g`. _brquk l`adk `ebrrkfdö i`gàs ` su prbpd` f`rlk, sdlb quk n` sustklt` y  n` fuda`, fbgb t`gedäl Frdstb ` n` djnksd`. Kksdbs ;9 5;- 54 Ak `fukrab fbl kn kxb `lkrdbr Adbs brdkl` `n cbgerk p`r` quk kl su ndakr`zjb ` n` guikr klj` fuda`ab ak9 - @g` @g`rn` rn` c`s c`s` ` kn s`fr s`frdf dfdb db fb fbgb gb Fr Frds dsb b `g` ` n` dj djnks nksd`, d`, - @g` @g`rn` rn` fbl fud fuda`a a`ab b y ``prk prkfdb fdb fbg fbgb b ` ssu u prb prbpdb pdb fuk fukrpb rpb - Vu Vus skl kl` `rn rn`, `, kg kgek eknnnnkf kfkr krn` n` y -Kl brbs Fuda`rn` p`s`iks `gedkl sk nks brdkl` `9 A`rnk cblbr9 Qr``rn` Qr``rn`   fbl jklnkz` jklnkz` fblsdakr`lab  fblsdakr`lab su l`ur`nkz` gàs hràjdn kl nb sdfb y kgbfdbl`n y r``rn` fbl `nt` ksg` pbr ksg` pbr kn ckfcb ak quk n` guikr fbgp`rk su pbsdfdöl fbgb ckrkakr`s ak n` jr`fd` ak Adbs. Vk `avdkrk `gedkl `n cbgerk quk `n dlhrdljdr ksk nn`g`ab sus br`fdblks akn`lk ak Adbs klarç`l ksbreb 0ª ak _karb 69 : Fbnbsklsks 690? prkskl` n` gdsg` brdkl`fdöl ak lb skr àspkrbs (jrbskrbs, ruabs) kl su ndakr`zjb ` n` guikr.

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0. 0.5. 5. Kn _ _`ar `ark k y nn`` G`ark G`ark sbl nn` nn`g`a g`abs bs ` ndakr` ndakr`rr ` nbs nbs cd cdibs ibs99 Ks` ks ul` rkspbls`ednda`a fbgp`rtab pbr `gebs beskrvk quk f`a` vkz quk n` Edend` c`en` ak dlsrudr ` nbs cdibs nb c`fk kl pnur`n ` `gebs p`arks. 

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Gbakn`lab su fblauf` fbl kn kikgpnb9 kikgpnb9 Kl kn kxb ak Akukrblbgdb quk vdgbs gàs `rrde` sk dlsruyk ` nbs p`arks klkr n`s p`n`er`s p `n`er`s akn Vkðbr kl su fbr`zöl prdgkr`gklk y akspuäs klskð`rn` ` nbs cdibs y nbs ldkbs. „T kst`s  p`n`er`s quk yb tk g`lab cby, kst`ràl sberk tu fbr`zöl‗ Akutkrblbgdb 89 8 Vdjudklab kn gbaknb ak n` rkn`fdöl akn _`ark fbl Iksùs - Iu`l ;9 04-5?

3

 

„Iksùs nks adib9 «Nks `skjurb quk kn Cdib ak Adbs lb pukak c`fkr l`a` pbr su prbpd` fuklt`= sbn`gkltk c`fk nb quk vk c`fkr `n _`ark. Qbab nb quk c`fk kn _`ark, t`gedäl nb c`fk kn Cdib. _uks kn _`ark `g` `n Cdib y nk gukstr` tbab nb quk c`fk = y nk gbstr`rà fbs`s tba`vç` gàs jr`laks, quk nbs aki`ràl ` ustkaks `sbger`abs‗.

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Ndakr`lab fblhbrgk ` n` dlsruffdöl Adbs9 Adbs9 y` quk05:96 nbs cdibs ckrklfd` ckckrklfd` rklfd` a`a` pbr Adbs p`r` skr `agdldsr`a` kl su ak lbgerk. V`ngb Cksbl `quç, ak  Ikcbvà sbl nbs cdibs= cdibs= knnbs akekl skr frd`abs kl n` adsfdpndl` akn skðbr y lb fblh fb lhbr brgk gk ` nb nbss prdl prdlfd fdpd pdbs bs ak aknn gu gula lab. b. Khks Khksdb dbss 89 891 1 T vb vbsb sbtr trbs bs,, p`ar p`arks ks,, lb  prbvbquäds ` dr` ` vukstrbs cdibs, sdlb frd`anbs kl adsfdpndl` y `gblkst`fdöl akn  Vkðbr .

Nbs p`arks akekl klkr fuda`ab ak lb kikrfkr ul ndakr`zjb tràldfb c`fd` nbs cdibs quk nks c`j` frkfkr fbl skltgdklbs ak dr` y rkskltgdklb. Ksb dgpndf` ul e`n`lfk klrk dlsrudr y fbrrkjdr. Nbs p`arks akekl klskð`r ` sus cdibs lb sbnb ak hbrg` vkre`n sdlb `gedkl fbl kn kikgpnb y akekl fbrrkjdrnbs f`a` vkz quk dlfurr`l kl aksbekadklfd` p`r`` quk `prkl p`r `prkla`l a`l `g `gedk edkl l ` kg kgkr kr ` Adb Adbs. s. _rb _rbv. v. 6905 6905 _brquk Ikcbvà `n quk `g` f`sj`, Fbgb kn p`ark `n cdib ` qudkl qudkrk. 5. Bpbrt Bpbrtulda ulda`aks `aks ak a aks`rrb ks`rrbnnb nnb p`r` p`r` tbabs tbabs99 (`akfu`a` aknkj`fdöl ak `utbrda`a) N` h`gd h`gdndnd`` ks kn nu nuj` j`rr `a `akf kfu` u`ab ab p`r` p`r` qu qukk b bab abss sus dlk dlkjr jr`l `lk kss `aqu `aqudk dkr` r`l l kn fblbfdgdklb ak nbs prdlfdpdbs y v`nbrks ak n` vda` frdst`l` vdfbrdbs`. Ksb rkqudkrk quk f`a` gdkgerb `prkla` lb sbnb ` kikrfkr sus akrkfcbs, pkrb `gedäl ` `sugdr rkspbls`ednda`aks. @ gkluab nbs p`arks akg`la`l ` nbs cdibs kn fugpndgdklb ak `rk`s fbgb n`v` nbs pn`bs, rkfbjk n` rbp`, kf. _krb lb nks klskð`l ` skr rkspbls`enks pbrr àrk` pb àrk`ss akl aklda da`s `s kl kn cbj` cbj`r. r. Ksb Ksb c` c`fk fk quk quk knnb knnbss sk nkv` nkv`l lkl kl fbgb fbgb `a `aun unb bss dlf`p`fks ak `sugdr n` rkspbls`ednda`a brdkl`a` c`fd` rksun`abs kl n` vda`, sdkgprk kspkr`lab quk `njudkl nks adj` quk c`fkr. Kn Vkðbr Iksufrdsb lbs akiö ul gbaknb ak aknkj`fdöl ak `ubrda`a y rkspbls`ednda`a kl n` g`lkr` fbgb klskðö ` sus adsfçpunbs. Iu`l 19 0-69 „_br t`ltb, fu`lab kn Vkðbr supb quk nbs `rdskbs c`eç`l bçab quk Kn c`fç` y e`uz`e` gàs adsfçpunbs quk Iu`l (`ulquk Iksùs gdsgb lb e`uz`e`, sdlb sus adsfçpunbs), s`ndö ak Iuak` y p`rö btr` vkz p`r` J`ndnk`‗. Kn prdgkrb nks aknkjö e`utz`r, akspuäs nks g`laö ` prkadf`r ` n`s `nak`s ak Iuak` y pbr ùntgb ` bab kn gulab.

4

 

Kl kn cbj`r aksak kn gàs pkqukðb c`s` kn gàs jr`lak akek klkr n` bpbrulda`a ak aks`rrbnn`r kn pbklfd`n quk Adbs nk c` a`ab. _br kikgpnb9 Kn kspbsb y n` kspbs` pukakl pblkrsk ak `fukrab sberk sus àrk`s ak rkspbls`ednda`a fbgp`rta` y sberk fu`nks àrk`s ks`ràl e`ib n` `agdldsr`fdöl ak f`a` ulb kl p`rtfun`r (_`r` `gpnd`r ksk pulb pukak gdr`r kn kikgpnb ak _rbvkredbs 609 0?-60 0?-60). ). @ nbs ldðbs sk nks pukak `sdjl`r àrk`s ak rkspbls`ednda`a ak `fukrab ` su ka`a, pbr kikgpnb9

Ka`a ? ` ; `ðbs

8 ` 0?

00 ` 0;

Gàs ak 0;

Ukspbls`ednda`a @g`r ` Adbs @agdldsr`r su àrk` ak iukjbs Fuda`r n` l`ur`nkz` @g`r` ` sus skgki`lks @agdldsr`r sus beikbs pkrsbl`nks _`rtfdp`r kl kn eukl usbs ak nbs rkfursbs fbgp`rtabs Akskgpkðb `f`aägdfb Qkgkr ` Adbs @agdldsr`r àrk`s ak edkl fbgùl kl n` f`s`. Akskgpkðb `f`aägdfb Vkrvdr ` Adbs @agdldsr`r sus rkn`fdblks sbfd`nks Akskgpkðb `f`aägdfb @agdldsr`r sus `nklbs p`r` skrvdr ` Adbs kl n` djnksd`

Kl ul` rkn`fdöl s`nua`enk qudkl kikrfk n` `ubrda`a prbfur` quk nbs quk ksàl ` su fuda`ab aks`rrbnnkl bab kn pbklfd`n quk Adbs nks c` a`ab p`r` nb fu`n prbvkkrà nbs dlsugbs (l`lfdkrbs, brdkl`fdöl kspdrdu`n, tkgpb, kf) lkfks`rdbs p`r` quk `nf`lfkl kn pbklfd`n quk Adbs nks c` a`ab. a `ab. 6. Edkl Fb Fbgùl gùl --@prk @prklakr lakr ` vdvdr kl kl fbgulda` fbgulda`a. a. 0?

 

N` h`gdnd` ks kn ksp`fdb ablak nbs gdkgerbs `prklakl ` fblvdvdr nbs ulbs fbl nbs brbs kl `rgblç`. Cby kl aç` sk vdvk ul fndg` ak vdbnklfd` kl babs nbs ksp`fdbs ak fblvdvklfd` akedab ` quk lb sk `prklak ` vdvdr p`fçf`gklk kl n` h`gdnd`. Fbgb h`gdnd`s frdst`l`s akekgbs prkbfup`rlbs pbr vdvdr ak `fukrab ` nbs sdjudklks v`nbrks9 

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QBNKU@LFD@ Qbg`r kl fukl` n` pbsdfdöl ak nbs brbs y fblsdakr`r n`s `lda`aks y n`s adhkrklfd`s ks prdgbrad`n p`r` skr bnkr`lk. @n prdgkr sdjlb ak dlbnkr`lfd`, rkfuäraknk quk n` e`sk ak n` fblvdvklfd` ks n` `fkp`fdöl y quk nb adhkrklk lb ks g` g`nb nb,, sdlb sdlb sd sdgp gpnk nkgk gkl lkk adst adstl lb. b. Kl Klsä säðk ðknk nkss qu qukk b bab ab kn gula gulab b tklk tklk akrkfcbs quk akekl skr rkspk`abs9 @sç akhklakràl sus prbpdbs akrkfcbs y fbgprklakràl nbs ak nbs akgàs. VBNDA@UDA@A b C`y quk klskð`rnks ` pblkrsk kl kn nuj`r ak n` br` pkrsbl` y quk kltkla`l quk n`s` lkfksda`aks ak fbgb nbs akgàs akekl `klakrsk n`s prbpd`s. @sdjl`r sus cdibs `rk`s pblkr n` rbp` sufd` klfbgb kn fksb akstl`ab ` knn`, c`fkr n` f`g`s b fbnj`r n` b`nn` akspuäs ak e`ð`rsk nks c`rà klklakr kn v`nbr ak nb quk sdjldf` `yua`r kl n` f`s`. Ks euklb knbjd`r su fbgpbr`gdklb, kspkfd`ngklk, kspkfd`ngklk, fu`lab nb c`fkl sdl kspkr`r l`a` ` f`gedb.

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I[VQDFD@ Nbs ldðbs akekl s`ekr quk n`s lkfksda`aks b akskbs ak nbs akgàs skràl kldabs kl fukl`, `n gdsgb tkgpb quk nbs suybs. C`y quk `yua`rnbs ` supkr`r su klaklfd` `n kjbçsgb k dlkrks`rsk sönb pbr sus lkfksda`aks. Kl h`gdnd` sk `prklak ` bg`r akfdsdblks e`s`a`s kl nb quk ks iusb y euklb p`r` f`a` ulb ak nbs dlkjr`lks. Nbs ldðbs akekl `prklakr quk nbs akrkfcbs v`l ak n` g`lb fbl n`s rkspbls`ednda`aks rkspbls`ednda`aks..

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 UKV_KQB C`y quk r``r ` nbs cdibs fbl rkspkb p`r` quk knnbs `prkla`l ` skr rkspkubsbs. Fu`lab nbs rkj`ð`gbs, akekgbs c`fkrnb ak eukl`s g`lkr`s, sdl dlsun`rnbs, y kl prdv`ab. Ukspk`r su dltgda`a y sus pkrklklfd`s, fbl `fbs fbgb nn`g`r ` n` pukr` `lks ak klr`r kl su fu`rb b pkadrnk nbs nàpdfks ak fbnbrks `lks ak us`rnbs, akguksr` quk v`nbr`gbs sus pkrklklfd`s y su ksp`fdb.

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UKV_BLV@EDNDA@A [l` `f `fu`f u`fdöl döl rkspbl rkspbls` s`enk enk dgpndf dgpndf`` ul` `fk `fkp` p`fdö fdöl l vbnul vbnul`rd `rd`` ak n`s `r `rk`s k`s `sdjl`a`s y ul` gbtv`fdöl dlkrl` p`r` nnkv`rn` ` f`eb. C`y quk klfbgkla`r `rk`s p`r` nbs ldðbs, skjùl su ka`a= f`a` vkz skrà g`ybr kn lùgkrb ak sdu`fdblks ak n`s quk puka`l c`fkrsk f`rjb y su skltab ak n` rkspbls`ednda`a sk drà pkrhkffdbl`lab ak ks` g`lkr` `prklakl ` fbgp`rtr fbl kn jrupb h`gdnd`r.

1. Gutu` suikfdöl. Kl n` h`gdnd` ks kn nuj`r p`r` `prklakr y pr`ftf`r n` suikfdöl. Khksdbs ;950 adfk „Vb Vbgä gät` t`ls lskk ulbs ulbs ` bt btrb rbss kl kn tkgb tkgbrr ak aknn Vk Vkðb ðbr‗ r‗.. Ksb qudkrk akfdr quk babs ks`gbs e`ib `ubrda`a y quk ` n` vkz akekgbs kikrfkr `ubrda`a y `agdldsr`r rkfursbs y ` br`s pkrsbl`s kl kn lbgerk akn Vkðbr.

_rdgkr`gklk, gdkgerbs ak n` ak h`gdnd` sbgkkrsk `n Vkðbr. Nukjb kn cbgerkbabs akeknbs `sugdr n` pbsdfdöl jud`rfrdst`l` fuda`r y akekl prbkjkr ` su kspbs` fbgb Frdsb ` n` djnksd` y n` kspbs` akek rkfblbfkr y rkspk`r ks` pbsdfdöl akn cbgerk fbl rkn`fdöl rkn`f döl ` knn`. Nbs p`ar p`arks, ks, kl fbliu fbliulb, lb, akek akekl l fuda`r jud` jud`rr y prbkjkr ` nbs cdibs cdibs y l`ngklk nbs cdibs akekl `prklakr bekadklfd` c`fd` nbs p`arks. Dju`ngklk, kl n` h`gdnd` sk `prklak ` bekakfkr y rkspk`r ` n`s `ubrda`aks fdvdnks9 fdvdnks9 0ª ak _karb 5906-01 _br f`us` akn Vkðbr sbgktkbs ` tba` dlstufdöl cug`l`, y` sk` `n  rky, fbgb ` supkrdbr, y` ` nbs jbekrl`abrks, fbgb pbr än klvd`abs klvd`abs p`r` f`sjb ak nbs g`nckfcbrks y `n`e`lz` ak nbs quk c`fkl edkl.  edkl.  

;. Jnbr Jnbrdhf dhf`r `r ` Adbs Adbs Kl n` h`gdnd` frdst`l` ks kn gkibr nuj`r p`r` `prklakr y pr`ftf`r kn prdlfdpdb ak jnbrd jnb rdf`r f`r ` Adbs Adbs kl ba bab b nb quk sk c`f c`fk9 k9 Fbn Fbnbs bskls klsks ks 69566956-51 51 T ba bab b nb quk c`jàd c`jàds, s, c`fkanb ak fbr`zöl, fbgb p`r` kn Vkðbr y lb p`r` nbs cbgerks= s`edklab quk akn Vkðbr rkfdedräds n` rkfbgpkls` ak n` ckrklfd`, pbrquk ` Frdsb kn Vkðbr skrvçs.

05

 

UKN@FDBLKV V@N[A@ENKV KL N@ DJNKVD@ N` djnksd` ks kn nuj`r ablak nbs cdibs ak Adbs frkfkl y sbl hbrg`abs ` su skgki`lz` y fblhbrgk ` su f`ràfkr, ksb ks pbsdenk pbrquk n` djnksd` lb ks ul` u l` brj`ldz`fdöl sdlb ul br brj` j`ld ldsg sgb b vdvb vdvb ablak ablak f` f`a` a` fr frky kykl klk k ks p`r p`rkk br brjà jàld ldf` f` ak nbs nbs ak akgà gàss y ab abla lakk Iksufrdsb ks n` f`ekz`. _`r` pbakr aks`rrbnn`r rkn`fdblks s`nua`enks, n` djnksd` kl jklkr`n y f`a` frkyklk kl p`rtfun`r akek s`ekr quk `n l`fkr ak lukvb y skr cdib ak Adbs p`sö ` hbrg`r p`rk ak ul fukrpb. Ubg`lbs 059 1-; _brquk ak n` g`lkr` quk kl ul fukrpb klkgbs gufcbs gdkgerbs, pkrb lb babs nbs gdkgerbs tklkl n` gdsg` hulfdöl, `sç lbsbrbs, sdklab gufcbs, sbgbs ul fukrpb kl Frdsb, y babs gdkgerbs nbs ulbs ak nbs brbs. Ksb nks `yua`rà ` fbgprklakr quk n`s rkn`fdblks klrk ulbs y brbs sbl lb sbnb p`r` kn edklks`r y frkfdgdklb pkrsbl`n sdlb `gedkl p`r` kn aks`rrbnnb ak bab kn jrupb ak frkyklks quk fblhbrg`l n` djnksd` nbf`n. _`r` klkr rkn`fdblks s`nua`enks kl n` djnksd` sk akek skjudr nbs ; prdlfdpdbs eàsdfbs9 0.

NDAKU@YJB prbtkffdöl) 

VDKUXB

(rkspbls`ednda`a

y

Qbab nçak Qbab nçakrr kl n` dj djnk nksd sd`` ak akek ek skju skjudr dr kn gbak gbaknb nb ak Ik Iksu sufr frds dsb b kl su nda ndakr kr`z `zjb jb c`fd` c`fd` nbs akg akgàs às.. Kn huk kikgpnb ak cugdna`a, `n fbgb sk aksfrdek kl Hdndpklsks 59;-3. Brb kikgpnb ak ks` cugdna`a ks n` hbrg` fbgb än sk aksfrdek ` sç gdsgb= `ulquk rkfdedö gàs ak 1? lbgerks kl n` Edend`, babs knnbs rkprkskl`lab ul` `n` adjlda adj lda`a, `a, kn prkrd prkrdö ö nn`g nn`g`rs `rskk ` sç gdsgb gdsgb fbl 06 TB VBT, gufcbs gufcbs ak nbs fu`nk fu`nkss lb rkprks rkprkskl` kl`l, l, skjùl nb nbss ksà ksàla` la`rk rkss cu cug` g`lb lbs, s, ldlj ldljùl ùl  unb unb dgpb dgpbr r`l `lk k.. _br _br kikgpnb, än sk nn`gö ` sç gdsgb kn eukl p`sbr= p`r` `njul`s funur`s kn skr p`sbr kr` ul` bfup`fdöl `ebgdl`enk, `gedäl adib Tb sby n` pukr`, pkrb lb n` pukr` ak ul p`n`fdb, sdlb n` pukr` ak n`s bvki`s. Ksb lbs klskð` quk,sdkrvb, än sk akspbiö sukikgpnb jnbrd` y kl g`iks`a p`r` lbs c`fkrsk cbgerk `ùl gàs c`fdälabsk p`r` skrakluksrb luba` ksrb bab. Iksùs klskð` quk nby 06

 

quk sbgbs lb akpklak ak luksrbs unbs. Fu`lab l`fkgbs sbnb sbgbs cdibs ak `njudkl, ckrg`lbs ak `njudkl, lb l`fkgbs abfbr, `ebj`ab, dljkldkrb, nbs unbs lb aklkl nb quk sbgbs, ksb ks `njb quk `aqudrdgbs y pbakgbs pkrakr kl fu`nqudkr gbgklb, nb quk rk`ngklk dgpbr` akpklak ak nb quk Adbs c`fk kl luksr` vda`, än lbs cdzb sus cdibs, skr cdibs ak Adbs ks nb quk lbs aklk, ks kn gàxdgb unb quk pbakgbs `nf`lz`r, y ks p`r` sdkgprk, l`adk lbs nb pukak qud`r. @njul`s ak n`s f`r`fkrçstf`s ak ul nçakr ak n` djnksd` sbl9 Vkr eukl g`ksrb ak n` p`n`er`, cblksb, fbl`enk, eukl `agdldsr`abr, cugdnak, pd`absb, pruaklk, fbls`lk, fblfdnd`abr, `g`enk, suhrdab, vkra`akrb `abr`abr. Akek c`fkr usb ak n` `ubrda`a quk nk c` bbrj`ab Adbs p`r` jud`r, prbkjkr, `yua`r ` nbs gdkgerbs ak n` djnksd` nbf`n kl n` quk c` sdab puksb pbr Adbs, y lb `prbvkfc`rsk ak su pbsdfdöl p`r` eklkfdbs pkrsbl`nks, ld `prbvkfc`rsk ak n` hk ak nbs gdkgerbs ak n` djnksd` p`r` beklkr eklkfdbs. Iu`l 0?900,05= 0?900,05= y  y  0 Qdgbkb 695-:. Ks ul kikgpnb kl su g`lkr` ak vdvdr y `fu`r9 prbfur` n` ulda`a ak nbs gdkgerbs, dlkrfkak, fuda` su h`gdnd` y n` djnksd`, vkn` pbr n` eukl` `agdldsr`fdöl ak nbs `sulbs ak n` djnksd` (l`lz`s, pn`l` sdf`), kvd` n`s adsfusdblks, fbrrdjk fbl `gbr y cugdna`a, prbfn`g` kn kv`ljkndb. 0 Qdgbkb 695-:. Qkxbs eàsdfbs9 Hdndpklsks 590-00= Khksdbs 190-08= iu`l 0:= 0 _karb ;90-8 _`r` quk kl n` djnksd` c`y` rkn`fdblks s`nua`enks babs nbs gdkgerbs akekl skjudr kn kikgpnb ak Iksùs. Frdsb ks n` f`ekz` ak n` djnksd` y kl n` djnksd` kxdskl `ubrda`aks puks`s pbr Adbs (p`sbr y nçakrks), sbl ksbs nbs aksdjl`abs pbr Adbs p`r` gbakn`r n` fblauf` ak Iksùs p`r` kn rksb ak nbs gdkgerbs ak n` djnksd`, p`r` quk ksbs ` su vkz puka`l dgd`rnb (0 fbrdltbs 0090). Kl fblr`pbsdfdöl fbl nb quk sk prkadf` kl `njulbs gkadbs frdst`lbs, ablak sk adfk quk kn gdldskrdb ks ak hun`lb b su`lb, Adbs a` nbs gdldskrdbs lb ` pkrsbl`s sdlb ` n` djnksd` p`r` n` kadf`fdöl y kn fuda`ab akn fukrpb. Khksdbs 1900-05 1900-05.. 5.

B_BUQ[LDA@AKV AK AKV@UUBNNB (Aknkj`fdöl ak @utbrda`a)

N` rdlda`a `fù` kl n` djnksd` p`r` uedf`r ` f`a` gdkgerb kl kn nuj`r quk nk fbrrkspblak Ks Ksb b j`r` j`r`lt ltz` z` quk quk f`a` f`a` gdkg gdkger erb b klj klj`` n` n`ss gd gdsg sg`s `s bpbr bpbru uld lda` a`ak akss p`r` p`r` aks`rrbnn`rsk fbgb p`rk akn fukrpb. 0ª ak Fbrdltbs 059 :-03 _krb _k rb ` f`a` f`a` ulb ulb nk ks a` a`a` a` n` g` g`ld ldk kst st`f `fdö döl l ak aknn Ks Kspç pçrd rdtu tu p` p`r` r` pr prbv bvkf kfcb cb.. _brquk ` ästk ks a`a` pbr kn Kspçrdtu p`n`er` ak s`edaurç`= ` btrb, p`n`er` ak 01

 

fdklfd` skjùl kn gdsgb Kspçrdtu= ` btrb, k pbr kn gdsgb Kspçrdtu= y ` btrb, ablks ak s`lda`aks pbr kn gdsgb Kspçrdtu. @ btrb, kn c`fkr gdn`jrbs= ` btrb, prbkfç`= ` btrb, ad adsf sfkr krld ldgd gdkl kltb tb ak ks kspç pçrd rdtu tus= s= ` bt btrb rb,, ad advk vkrs rsbs bs jälk jälkrb rbss ak nklj nklju` u`s= s= y ` bt btrb rb,, dltkrprkt`fdöl ak nklju`s. _krb tba`s kst`s fbs`s n`s c`fk ulb y kn gdsgb Kspçrdtu, rkp`rklab ` f`a` ulb kl p`rfun`r fbgb än qudkrk . _brquk, `sç fbgb kn fukrpb ks ulb, y klk gufcbs gdkgerbs, tbabs nbs gdkgerbs sdklab gufcbs, ul sbnb `sç t`gedäl t`gedälpkrb Frdst Frdstb. b. _b _brquk rquk pbr ulakn sbnb sbnfukrpb, b Ksp Kspçrd çrdtu tu udgb udgbs s tbabs tbabssbl e`uz`ab e`uz `abssfukrpb, kl ul fukrpb, sk`l iuaçbs b jrdkjbs, sk`l ksfn`vbs b nderks= y ` tbabs sk lbs adb ` ekekr ak ul gdsg gdsgb b Kspç Kspçrd rdtu tu.. @a @akg kgàs às,, kn fukrp fukrpb b lb ks ul sb sbnb nb gd gdkg kger erb, b, sd sdlb lb gufc gufcbs bs.. Vd adikrk kn pdk9 _brquk lb sby g`lb, lb sby akn fukrpb, ²pbr ksb lb skrà akn  fukrpb2 T sd adikrk n` brki`9 _brquk lb sby bib, lb sby akn fukrpb, ²pbr ksb lb skrà akn  fukrpb2 Vd tbab kn fukrpb uksk bib, ²aölak kst`rç` kn bçab2 Vd tbab uksk bçab, ²aölak kst`rç` kn bn`tb2 G`s `cbr` Adbs c` fbnbf`ab nbs gdkgerbs f`a` ulb ak knnbs kl kn  fukrpb, fbgb än qudsb. F`a` ul` ak ks`s f`p`fda`aks sbl a`a`s p`r` kn aks`rrbnnb akn fukrpb y ak f`a` ulb ak nbs frkyklks9 frkyklks9 Khks Khksdbs dbs 1900 1900-06 -06 T än gdsgb fblstuyö ` ulbs, `pöstbnks= ` btrb btrbs, s, pr prb bkt kt`s `s== ` btrb btrbs, s, kv kv`l `ljk jkndndst st`s= `s= ` bt btrb rbs, s, p`st p`stbr brks ks y g`ks g`kstr trbs bs,, ` hl ak  pkrkffdbl`r ` nbs s`ltbs p`r` n` ber` akn gdldstkrdb, p`r` n` kadhf`fdöl akn fukrpb ak Frdstb, c`st` quk tbabs nnkjukgbs ` n` ulda`a ak n` k y akn fblbfdgdkltb akn Cdib ak Adbs, ` ul v`röl pkrkftb, ` n` gkada` ak n` kst`tur` ak n` pnkldtua ak Frdstb= Kn p`sbr prkp`r` ` brbs p`r` kn ndakr`zjb9 nks klskð`, y nks a` n`s ckrr`gdkl`s p`r` quk puka`l aks`rrbnn`rsk, p`r` quk sk nkv`lkl lukvbs nçakrks quk sk puka`l uedf`r kl ba`s n`s àrk`s ak `ffdöl ak n` djnksd`, kldklab kl fukl` nbs ablks, f`p`fda`aks y gdldskrdbs a`abs pbr Adbs ` f`a` ulb. [l ki kikg kgpn pnb b kl kn @Q ak ul eukl eukl gb gbak aknb nb p` p`r` r` aks` aks`rr rrbn bnn` n`rr lukv lukvbs bs nçak nçakrk rkss nb klfblr`gbs kl kn nderb ak Akukrblbgdb ablak sk aksfrdek kn p`sb akn ndakr`zjb ak Gbdsäs ` Ibsuä. Akukrblb Akukr blbgdb gdb 6194 6194 „T Ibsuä cdib ak Lug uk nnklb akn kspçrdtu ak s`edaurç`,  pbrquk Gbdsäs c`eç` pukstb sus g`lbs sberk än= y nbs cdibs ak Dsr`kn nk bekakfdkrbl k cdfdkrbl fbgb Ikcbvà g`lab ` Gbdsäs‗. @njulbs ak nbs `spkfbs dgpbr`lks p`r` kn nbjrb ak ksk prdlfdpdb sbl9 0;

 

  Aknkj` `ubrda`a, lb `ftvda`a- Nuf`s 490,5= Nuf`s 0?90 Klskð` n` p`n`er` ak Adbs- 0 Qdgbkb 198= Ubg`lbs 0;901,0;. _rbfn`g` kn kv`ljkndb- Ubg`lbs 0;908= G`kb 4968 _rbgukvk kn eukl r`b- 0 Qdgbkb ;96 „Lb rkprkla`s `n `lfd`lb, sdlb kxcört`nk fbgb ` p`ark= ` nbs gàs iövklks, fbgb ` ckrg`lbs= ` n`s `lfd`l`s, fbgb ` g`arks= ` n`s ibvklfdt`s, fbgb ` ckrg`l`s,

  

fbl tba` purkz`. Cblr` ` n`s vdua`s quk kl vkra`a nb sbl‗. 6.

EDKL FBG[L Kn p`sbr y kn ndakr`zjb ndakr`zjb akekl klskð`r nbs gdkgerbs ak n` djn djnksd` ksd` (y a`r kikgpnb) quk prbfurkl kn `gbr y n` ulda`a, kn r`b fbgb ckrg`lbs y kn rkspkb klrk babs= `akgàs quk babs nbs gdkgerbs sbl v`ndbsbs k dladspkls`enks. Xkn`r f`a` ulb pbr kn edkl ak nbs brbs `lb ` ldvkn kspdrdu`n, sdfb, kgbfdbl`n y g`krd`n. Àgklsk sdlfkr`gklk ulbs ` brbs. Ubg`lbs 0594, 08, 0:,03= Ubg`lbs 0;95. Vkjudr kn kikgpnb ak Frdsb kl fu`lb ` n` fblvdvklfd`. Ubg`lbs 0;96-;. Uks`ur`rsk ulbs ` brbs, nnkv`r n`s f`rj`s ak brbs. (Lb sbgbs nn`g`abs `  iuzj`r, ld frdtf`r, sdlb ` rks`ur`r). rks`ur`r). Jàn``s 890 890,5. ,5. Vkr cbspka`abrks y klkr kgp`` Ubg`lbs 0590? „C`j`l suy`s n`s lkfksda`aks akn pukenb s`ltb= rkfde`l edkl ` qudklks nbs vdsdt`l‗. Ckfcbs 5916 









„Qbabs nbs quk c`eç`l frkçab kst`e`l iultbs, y tklç`l kl fbgùl tba`s n`s fbs`s= Qbabs nbs quk c`eç`l frkçab kst`e`l iultbs, y tklç`l kl fbgùl tba`s n`s fbs`s. T pkrskvkr`lab ulàldgks f`a` aç` kl kn tkgpnb, y p`rklab kn p`l kl n`s f`s`s, fbgç`l iultbs fbl `nkjrç` y sklfdnnkz ak fbr`zöl, `n`e`lab ` Adbs, y tkldklab  `vbr fbl tbab kn pukenb. T kn Vkðbr `ð`aç` f`a` aç` ` n` djnksd` nbs quk c`eç`l ak skr s`nvbs‗. Ckfcbs 1965 „T n` guntua ak nbs quk c`eç`l frkçab kr` ak ul fbr`zöl y ul `ng`= y ldljulb akfç` skr suyb prbpdb l`a` ak nb quk pbskç`, sdlb quk tklç`l tba`s n`s fbs`s kl fbgùl‗. Ckfcbs 1961,6; „@sç quk lb c`eç` kltrk knnbs ldljùl lkfksdt`ab= pbrquk tbabs nbs quk pbskç`l ckrka`aks b f`s`s, n`s vklaç`l, y tr`ç`l kn prkfdb ak nb vkladab, y nb pblç`l ` nbs  pdks ak nbs `pöstbnks= y sk rkp`r` ` f`a` ulb skjùl su lkfksda`a.

08

 

T lb lbs f`lskgbs ak c`fkr kn edkl, puks ` su kgpb, sd lb lbs f`ls`gbs, skj` skj`rk rkgb gbs. s. @ @sç sç qu qukk kl kltb tblf lfks ks,, c` c`j` j`gb gbss edkl edkl ` tb tbab abss sk skjù jùl l tk tklj lj`g `gbs bs bpbrtulda`a, y kspkfd`ngkltk ` nbs ak n` `gdnd` ak n` k‗. Jàn`t`s 894,0? 

Vkr fbn` Vkr fbn`eb ebr` r`ab abrk rks, s, f`a` f`a` vk vkzz qu qukk sk kgpr kgprkl kla` a` `nju `njul` l` be ber` r` ks` ks`rr adspuksbs ` a`r nb gkibr, p`r` quk iulbs sk nbjrk kn beiktvb fbgùl y skr

`pkrfdedabs n`s lkfksda`aks sdf`s y ksrufur`nks ak n` djnksd`, p`r` `yua`r `` g`lklkrn` ndgpd``lb y brj`ldz`a`. „Kl nb quk rkqudkrk adndjklfd`, lb pkrkzbsbs= hkrvdklks kl kspçrdu, sdrvdklab `n Vkðbr‗ Ubg`lbs 5900. Lb c`j`l `fkpfdöl ak pkrsbl`s, lb sk kxfnuy`l, `fkp`r n`s akednda`aks ak nbs ckrg`lbs, prbfur`r fbgprklakrnbs, lb iuzj`rnbs „Nbs quk sbgbs ukrtks kl n` k akekgbs `fkpt`r fbgb lukstr`s n`s akednda`aks ak nbs quk sbl gklbs ukrtks, y lb eusf`r nb quk ` lbsbtrbs gdsgbs lbs `jr`a`‗. Ubg`lbs 0;90 

 

„@sç puks, `fäptklsk nbs ulbs ` nbs btrbs, fbgb t`gedäl Frdstb nbs `fkptö ` ustkaks, p`r` jnbrd` ak Adbs‗. Ubg`lbs 0;9:  Xdv`l kl `rgblç` „Bs rukjb, puks, ckrg`lbs, pbr kn lbgerk ak lukstrb Vkðbr Iksufrdstb, quk c`enäds tbabs ul` gdsg` fbs`, y quk lb c`y` kltrk vbsbtrbs advdsdblks, sdlb quk kstäds pkrkft`gkltk uldabs kl ul` gdsg` gkltk y kl ul gdsgb p`rkfkr‗. 0 fbrdlbs 090? Br`r ulbs pbr nbs brbs (`ffdöl ak jr`fd`s y pbr n`s lkfksda`aks) „Lb fksb ak a`r jr`fd`s pbr vbsbtrbs, c`fdklab gklfdöl ak vbsbtrbs kl gds br`fdblks=  pdadklab quk kn Adbs ak lukstrb Vkðbr Iksufrdstb, kn _`ark ak jnbrd`, bs aä kspçrdtu ak s`edaurç` y ak rkvkn`fdöl kl ul gkibr fblbfdgdkltb ak Än‗. Kksdbs 0908,0:  



1.

G[Q[@ V[IKFFDBL

Kl n` djnksd` babs akekl sbgkkrsk ` n`s pkrsbl`s quk kikrfkl n` `ubrda`a. _brquk lb c`y `ubrda`a quk lb vklj` ak Adbs, y n`s quk kxdskl, hukrbl puks`s pbr än. @sç quk qudkl sk bpblk ` n` `ubrda`a, v` kl fblr` ak nb quk Adbs c` brakl`ab. Ubg`lbs 0690,5. Kl kspkfd`n sk akek rkfblbfkr n` `ubrda`a ak nbs p`sbrks9 0:

 

 Ckerkbs 069: @fbra`bs 069: @fbra`bs ak vukstrbs p`stbrks, quk bs c`en`rbl n` p`n`er` ak Adbs= fblsdakr`a fuàn c`y` sdab kn rksunt`ab ak su fblauft`, k dgdt`a su k. Ckerkbs 0690: 0690:  Bekakfka ` vukstrbs p`stbrks, y suikt`bs ` knnbs= pbrquk knnbs vkn`l pbr  vukstr`s `ng`s, fbgb qudklks c`l ak a`r fuklt`= p`r` quk nb c`j`l fbl `nkjrç`, y lb qukiàlabsk, pbrquk kstb lb bs ks prbvkfcbsb.  prbvkfcbsb.  

Nbs gdkgerbs ak n` djnksd` akekl skr fblsfdklks ak n` dgpbr`lfd` ak f`a` gdkgerb, quk lb c`y ulbs gàs dgpbr`lks quk brbs, quk sbnb c`y advkrsbs ablks y adhkrklks `ftvda`aks ak f`a` ulb. Ubg`lbs 0596-3 Ks prkfds`gklk kl n` ulda`a y kn `pbrk ak f`a` gdkgerb nb quk hbr`nkfk ` n` djnksd` fbgb fukrpb. „@sç puks, y` lb sbds kxtr`ðbs ld kxtr`likrbs, sdlb quk sbds fblfdua`a`lbs ak nbs s`lt s`ltbs bs y sbds sbds ak n` ` `gd gdndnd` ` ak ak Adbs Adbs,, kadh kadhf` f`ab abss sb sber erkk kn ula` ula`gk gklt ltb b ak ak nbs nbs 50 `pöstbnks y prbkt`s, sdklab Frdstb Iksùs gdsgb n` pdkar` `ljun`r, kl qudkl tbab kn kadhfdb, edkl `iust`ab, v` frkfdklab p`r` skr ul tkgpnb s`ltb kl kn  

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Vkðbr, qudkl t`gedäl vbsbtrbs sbds iult`gkltk kadhf`abs p`r` gbr`a` ak Adbs kl knkl Kspçrdtu‗. Kksdbs 5904-55. „Ks „Ksbr brzà zàla labb bbss pb pbrr pr prks kskr krv` v`rr n` ulda ulda`a `a akn akn Ks Kspç pçrd rdtu tu kl kn vçlf vçlfun unb b ak n` 1  p`z. C`y ul sbnb fukrpb y ul sbnb Kspçrdtu, `sç fbgb t`gedäl vbsbtrbs udstkds nn`g`abs kl ul` gdsg` kspkr`lz` ak vukstr` vbf`fdöl= ; ul sbnb Vkðbr, ul` sbn`  k, ul sbnb e`usgb, 8 ul sbnb Adbs y _`ark ak tbabs, quk kstà sberk tbabs, pbr  tbabs y kl tbabs‗. Kksdbs 196-8= K Kksdbs ksdbs 1900-08. _bakgbs fblfnudr quk9 Nbs ablks sbl a`abs pbr Adbs lb p`r` usb dladvdau`n, sdlb p`r` prbvkfcb ak n` djnksd`, babs akekl skr fblsfdklks ak ksb. F`a` gdkgerb fugpnk ul` hulfdöl kspkfçf` aklrb akn fukrpb y f`a` ulb akek hulfdbl`r pbr ul` r`zöl aklda`9 p`r` prbvkfcb y ekladfdöl ak n` djnksd`. N` `ftvda`a `ftvda`a prbpd` prbpd` ak f`a f`a`` gd gdkge kgerb rb kl kn kl kn fukrpb ks dgpbr`lk p`r` kn eukl hulfdbl`gdklb y kadf`fdöl akn fukrpb. _krb, n`s `ftvda`aks lb akekl skr `dsn`a`s, sdlb, fbliul`s (kl suikfdöl), p`r` quk c`y` rk`n rk`n kadf`fdöl kkl l `rgblç`. Ks dj dju`n, u`n, fbgb ksf ksfrdedr rdedr n`s lb`s ak ul` f`lfdöl, p`r` quk sk`l `rgöldf`s y `jr`a`enks `n byklk, sk akekl bf`r kldklab kl fukl` n` rkn`fdöl `rgöldf` aklrb ak n` gknbaç`. 

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_`r` nbjr`r kn prbpösdb fbgùl ak jnbrdhf`r ` Adbs kl Adbs kl n` djnksd` ks dladspkls`enk fbliuj`r nbs pulbs `lkrdbrks9 03

 

Ukspbls`ednda`a y prbkffdöl9 ak babs `quknnbs quk ksàl kl `ubrda`a c`fd` nbs akgàs kl `gbr y rkspkb, Aknkj`fdöl ak `ubrda`a y aks`rrbnnb, Edkl fbgùl, Guu` suikfdöl= ksbs prdlfdpdbs hukrbl klskð`abs pbr Iksùs y sk klfuklr`l fn`r`gklk kl Iu`l 0:, ablak sk pukak `prklakr fbgb kn `pndfö ksbs ; prdlfdpdbs kl su rkn`fdöl fbl sus adsfçpunbs. `) Nda Ndakr` kr`zjb zjb rks rkspbl pbls`e s`enk9 nk9 „

Ck g`ldhks`ab u lbgerk ` nbs cbgerks quk akn gulab gk adsk= uybs kr`l, y gk nbs adsk, y c`l ju`ra`ab u p`n`er`. @cbr` c`l fblbfdab quk ba`s n`s fbs`s quk gk c`s a`ab, prbfkakl ak t=  pbrquk n`s p`n`er`s quk gk adsk, nks ck ck a`ab= y knnbs n`s rkfdedkrbl, y c`l fblbfdab vkra`akr`gklk quk s`nç ak t, y c`l frkçab quk ù gk klvd`sk‗. „Fu`lab ks`e` fbl knnbs kl kn gulab, yb nbs ju`ra`e` kl u lbgerk= ` nbs quk gk adsk, yb nbs ju`raä, y ldljulb ak knnbs sk pkradö, sdlb kn c cdib dib ak pkradfdöl, p`r` quk n` Ksfrdur` sk fugpndksk‗. e) Aknk Aknkj`fd j`fdöl öl ak `ubr `ubrda`a da`a y aks`rrbnn aks`rrbnnb b „Tb nks ck a`ab u p`n`er`‗. „

Fbgb ù gk klvd`sk `n gulab, `sç yb nbs ck klvd`ab `n gulab‗

„N` jnbrd` quk gk adsk, yb nks ck c k a`ab, p`r` quk sk`l ulb, u lb, `sç fbgb lbsbrbs sbgbs ulb‗.  „

Gàs lb rukjb sbn`gklk pbr äsbs, sdlb `gedäl pbr nbs quk c`l c `l ak frkkr kl gç  pbr n` p`n`er` ak knnbs‗ f) Edkl fb fbgùl „_`ark, `quknnbsp`r` quk quk gk c`s qudkrb quk yb ksby, `gedäl ksäl fblgdjb, vk`la`ab, gd jnbrd` quk gkablak c`s a`ab= pbrquk gk c`sknnbs `g`ab aksak `lks ak n` hula`fdöl akn gulab‗. a) Guu Guu`` ssui uikf kfdö döl l „_`r` quk babs sk`l ulb= fbgb ù, bc _`ark, kl gç, y yb kl t, quk `gedäl knnbs sk`l ulb kl lbsbrbs= p`r` quk kn gulab frk` quk ù gk klvd`sk.  

N` jnbrd` quk gk adsk, yb nks ck a`ab, p`r` quk sk`l ulb, `sç fbgb lbsbrbs sbgbs ulb‗.

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Tb kl knnbs, y ù kl gç, p`r` quk sk`l pkrhkfbs kl ulda`a, p`r` quk kn gulab fblbzf` quk ù gk klvd`sk, y quk nbs c`s `g`ab ` knnbs fbgb `gedäl ` gç gk c`s `g`ab‗. Fu`lab Fu`l ab ul` ul` dj djnk nksd sd` ` nb nbjr jr` ` kst` kst`en enkf kfkr kr tbab tbabss ks kstb tbss `s `spkf pkftb tbss sk nbjr nbjr` ` tk tklkr  lkr  rkn`fdblks s`nua`enks, y a`r tksgbldb `n gulab, y ks kstk kn gkibr tksgbldb quk rkfdek kn gulab, t`n fbgb p`s`e` kl n` djnksd` prdgdv`, y kstb `tr`k ` n`s  pkrsbl`s ` Adbs. „@la`lab ak g`lkr` adjl` fbl tba` cugdna`a, g`lskaugerk, fbl p`fdklfd`, sbpbrtàlabsk ulbs ` btrbs kl `gbr, ksbrzàlabsk kl prkskrv`r n` ulda`a akn kspçrdtu kl kn vçlfunb ak n` p`z‗. Kksdbs 190-5.

UKN@FDBLKV V@N[A@ENKV KL N@V BUJ@LDY@FDBLKV [l` brj`ldz`fdöl frdst`l` tklk n` bpbrulda`a ak gbsr`r su daklta`a kl n` hbrg` fbgb g`lki` n`s rkn`fdblks ` su dlkrdbr, c`fd` sus eklkfd`rdbs, prbvkkabrks y c`fd` br`s brj`ldz`fdblks. Ks, pbr ksb, aksk`enk quk nbs prdlfdpdbs ak n`s rkn`fdblks s`nua`enks sk akguksrkl fbl kn kikgpnb ` bab 5?

 

ldvkn kl n` brj`ldz`fdöl aksak n` iul` adrkftv` c`s` kn ldvkn bpkr`tvb gàs sdgpnk. Ksb nk nnkv`rà ` skr lb sbnb gàs kfdklk fbgb brj`ldz`fdöl pkrb `gedäl kikgpnb pràftfb ak nb quk eusf` nbjr`r kl n` sbfdka`a. 0. Nd Ndak akr` r`zj zjb b sdk sdkrv rvb9 b9 Fbgklz`lab pbr n` iul` adrkftv` kn ndakr`zjb akek akgbsr`r a kgbsr`r `gbrbsb fuda`ab nbs quk suur`r fuda`ab. N` Iul Iul``pbr Ad Adrk rkft ftv` v`99 ksàl Ak Akek eke`ib pr prbf bfur `r quk quk _br n` n`ss kikgpnb9 fb fbla ladf dfdb dblk lkss ak r r`e `e`i `ib b ak nbs nbs kgpn kg pnk` k`ab abss sk` lb sb sbnb nb `fbr `fbrak ak fb fbl l nb rk rkju jun` n`ab ab pbr pbr n` nky nky sdlb sdlb ` `ge gedä däl l `jr`a`enks y quk pkrgd`l kn kikrfdfdb ak n`s hulfdblks sdl gklbsf`e`r n` s`nua b kn edklks`r kgbfdbl`n ak nbs kgpnk`abs. Ks s`nua`enk quk nbs gdkgerbs ak n` Iul` Adrkftv` dlvdkr`l tkgpb fbgb vbnu vb nul l`r `rdb dbss kl `nju `njul` l`ss n` n`eb ebrk rkss ak akl lrb rb ak n` br brj` j`ld ldz` z`fd fdöl öl ak ks` ks` g` g`lk lkr` r` fblbfkràl ak prdgkr` g`lb sd n`s fbladfdblks jklkr`nks sbl öptg`s. Dju`ngklk akekl vkn`r pbr quk kn skrvdfdb quk sk prks` ` nbs eklkfd`rdbs sk` lb sbnb ak f`nda`a pkrb p krb klrkj`ab fbl `gbrbsb fuda`ab ` `quknnbs quk ksàl kl fbladfdöl ak vunlkr`ednda`a. N` adrkffd adrkffdöl9 öl9 kn ldvkn ldvkn gçldgb gçldgb quk sk rkqu rkqudkr dkrkk ks kn fugpn fugpndgd dgdkl klb b ak n` nky n`ebr`n kl fu`lb ` s`n`rdb prks`fdblks sbfd`nks y akgàs rkspbls`ednda`aks. _krb akekrç` `akgàs ks`r `klb ` quk ` f`a` ldvkn ak n` brj`ldz`fdöl sk` pbsdenk `ffkakr ` `pbyb kspdrdu`n sd hukr` lkfks`rdb, kspkfd`ngklk kl `quknn`s brj`ldz`fdblks ablak pbr n` l`ur`nkz` akn r`e`ib, kn ldvkn ak srkss suknk skr `nb. N` pkrsbl` klf`rj`a` ak n` adrkffdöl ak ul` u l` brj`ldz`fdöl frdst`l` akek skr kikgpnb kl su r`b c`fd` sus sue`nkrlbs gbsr`lab fbl su kikgpnb quk sdjuk kn kikgpnb ak Iksùs. @n ldvk ldvknn bp bpkr kr`t `tvb vb99 Pu Puddklks klks tklk tklkl l n` rk rksp spb bls`e ls`edndnda da`a `a ak ` `kl klak akrr ` nbs nbs eklkfd`rdbs akekl klkr prksklk quk knnbs sbl n`s g`lbs, n` ebf` y nbs bibs ak Frdsb. Lb ks `fkp`enk kl ul` brj`ldz`fdöl quk sk dakltquk fbgb frdst`l` quk n` `klfdöl `n pùendfb sk c`j` ak g`lkr` aksfuda`a` b sdl nnkl`r nbs ksàla`rks gçldgbs ak f`nda`a. _br kn fblr`rdb sk akekrç` klkr n` gk` ak skr ul` brj`ldz`fdöl quk sk adstlj` pbr n` f`nda`a ak su `klfdöl. 5. B_BUQ[ B_BUQ[LDA@ LDA@A A AK AKV@ AKV@UUBNN UUBNNB B _@U@ _@U@ QB QBABV9 ABV9 Vd kl n` brj`ldz`fdöl lb c`y ul akp`r`gklb ak rkfursbs cug`lbs, klblfks kn adrkfbr pukak bg`r n` rkspbls`ednda`a ak vkn`r pbr quk kn `nklb cug`lb ak n` brj`ldz`fdöl klj` n` bpbrulda`a ak aks`rrbnn`r su pbklfd`n. 50

 

Lb sbn`gklk h`fdnd`lab kn `ffksb ` n` hbrg`fdöl fbltlu`a` pkrb prbgbvdklab quk f`a` f`rjb klj` n` bpfdöl ak skr frk`tvb y prbpbsdtvb p`r` n` fblskfufdöl ak nbs beiktvbs ak n` brj`ldz`fdöl. Dju`ngklk sk pukak vkn`r p`r` quk c`y` n` pbsdednda`a ak „c`fkr f`rrkr`‗ aklrb ak n` brj`ldz`fdöl ak g`lkr` quk f`a` pkrsbl` sk sdkl` kstgun`a` ` frkfkr fbgb pkrsbl` y fbgb prbhksdbl`n. 6. EDK EDKL F FBG BGÙ ÙL [l` ak n`s jr`laks h`nn`s kl kn hulfdbl`gdklb ak n`s brj`ldz`fdblks frdst`l`s `gedäl fblbfda`s fbgb brj`ldz`fdblks ak hk, ks n` brdkl`fdöl ` `yua`r ` nbs lkfksd`abs kl akrdgklb ak n`s fbladfdblks ak vda` ak nbs kgpnk`abs. Ak ks` g`lkr` sk fbnbf` kn edklks`r ak ulbs pbr klfdg` akn edklks`r ak nbs brbs. Fbl eukl`s dlklfdblks, pkrb aksfblbfdklab ksk prdlfdpdb ak eukl` rkn`fdöl sk pdak y kl bf`sdblks ak kxdjk ` nbs prbhksdbl`nks s`frdf`rsk pbr n` f`us` ak Frdsb. Vdl bg`r kl fukl` quk n` akfdsdöl ak bhrkfkr kn tkgpb b nbs rkfursbs `n Vkðbr sdkgprk akek skr `njb vbnul`rdb, lulf` dgpuksb adrkf`gklk b pbr fb`ffdöl. _krb lb akekrç` skr `sç, kl n`s brj`ldz`fdblks frdst`l`s sk akek prbfur`r kn kqudnderdb klrk kn skrvdfdb ` nbs lkfksd`abs y kn edklks`r ak nbs kgpnk`abs. Dju`ngklk, sk akek kvd`r kn brb kxrkgb quk ks frk`r brj`ldz`fdblks sbnb p`r`  iustf`r kn kgpnkb ak ulbs pbfbs sdl erdla`r ul` `yua` rk`n y khkftv` ` n` pben`fdöl quk sk prkklak skrvdr. 1. G[ G[Q[ Q[@ @ V[IK V[IKFD FDBL BL99 Hdl`ngklk, kl n`s brj`ldz`fdblks ak hk sk akek pr`ftf`r p r`ftf`r kn prdlfdpdb ak rkspk`r n` `ubrda`a ak qudkl ks puksb kl ul` pbsdfdöl ak rkspbls`ednda`a, sk` ks` pbs pbsdfd dfdöl öl kl fu` fu`nqu dkr ldvkn ldvkn yakkn n` brj`ld brj`ldz`f z`fdöl döl.quk . Klsk`nj `njul` ul`ss brj`ld brj z`fdbl dblks ks frdst`l`s a`a` n`nqudkr h`gdnd`rda`a fbgp`ðkrdsgb pr`ftf` sk `ldz`f pukak f`kr kl kn aksbrakl ablak lb sk s`ek qudäl rkspblak ` qudkl b qudäl ks rkspbls`enk pbr qudkl. Ksb lb ks eukl` pràftf` akn brakl ks`enkfdab pbr Adbs. Nbs prdlfdpdbs ak n`s rkn`fdblks s`nua`enks sbl n` e`sk p`r` brj`ldz`fdblks kfdklks y ak eukl kstgbldb.

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