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E`au`k E` au`k in i n Wrde rdenrfs nrfs @uxdkd @ux dkdfs fs p`r` Wdb`iur` db`iur `s y Efriniur`s
@sdja`tur` SS-0=0 Wrdenrfs @uxdkdfs DDD Wnrdfif @b`iäedbf 3737 Eàstnr? Ofsnkda X`kk`i`rns
Ynjubdj`kp`, E.I.B, 34 in afvdnecrn ink 3737 0
ÅAIDBN 0. DAYSFI^BBDÒA. DAYSFI^BBDÒA...................... ........................................... ............................................ ............................................ ......................................... ...................2 3. WDB@I^S@R ..................... ........................................... ............................................ ............................................ ........................................... .......................... .....9 3.0 ¶Puä ns k` `knrjd`6 ........................ 3.0 .............................................. ............................................ ........................................... ................................. ............9 3.3 ¶Puä ns ua Rmfbl @a`hdkàbtdbf6 3.3 @a`hdkàbtdbf6 ............................................ .................................................................. ..................................... ...............> 3.2 Rdjafs y Rdatfe`s in k`s Wdb`iur`s ................................. ....................................................... ........................................ .................. > 3.2.0 Råatfe`s na k`s Wdb`iur`s in @cno`s, @vdsp`s y Mfredj`s...................................8 3.2.0 ...................................8 3.2.3 Råatfe`s na k`s Wdb`iur`s in @k`br`ans ......................................... 3.2.3 .............................................................. ....................... ..8 3.2.2 Råatfe`s na k`s Wdb`iur`s in @r`ð`s........................................... 3.2.2 ................................................................ .......................... .....: 3.2.9 Råatfe`s na k`s Wdb`iur`s in J`rr`p`t`s ........................................... 3.2.9 .............................................................. ...................: 3.2.> Råatfe`s na k`s Wdb`iur`s in Efsqudtfs y _`abuifs........................................... 3.2.> .............................................: 3.9 ENIDI@R WSNXNAYDX@R W@S@ K@R 3.9 K@ R WDB@I^S@ WDB@I^S@R R ..................... .......................................... .......................... .....:
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2. 2. EFSINI^S@R ................... ......................................... ........................................... ............................................ ............................................. ........................4 2.0. Råatfe`s pfr Efriniur` 2.0. Efriniur` in Rnrpdnatn............................................ ................................................................. ....................... .. 00 2.0.0 Råatfe`s pfr Efriniur` in Rnrpdnatn B`sb`cnk .......................... 2.0.0 ................................................ ......................... ...03 2.3 E`adhnst`bdfans Kfb`kns y Jnanr`kns in k`s Efriniur`s Efriniur`s in Rnrpdnatns .............. 03 2.2 WSDENSFR @^]DKDFR 2.2 @^]DK DFR @AYN K @ EFSINI^S@ IN RNSWDNAYN......................... .........................02 2.2.0 Wrnb`ubdòa @atn k` Efriniur` 2.2.0 Efriniur` in Rnrpdnatn Rnrpdnatn ........................................... .........................................................02 ..............02 2.9 Efriniur`s Xdruknat`s ...........................................................................................02 2.9 2.9.0 Råatfe`s in k`s Efriniur`s 2.9.0 Efriniur`s Xdruknat`s ......................................... .............................................................. ........................ ...09 2.9.3 Wrnvnabdòa in k`s Efriniur`s 2.9.3 Efriniur`s Xdruknat`s ......................................... .............................................................. .....................09 2.> WSDENSFR @^]DKDFR 2.> @^]DK DFR @AYN K @R EFSINI^S@R XDS^KNAY@R ......................09 2.>.0 Snbfenai`bdfans 2.>.0 Snbfenai`bdfans p`r` k`s Efriniur`s Xdruknat`s ........................................... ..............................................09 ...09
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Y`atf na k` vdi` bftdid`a`, bfef na k`s `btdvdi`ins håsdb`s na nk enidf a`tur`k (@HEA), pfirå`efs nahrnat`rafs ` ua` sdtu`bdòa in nenrjnabd` incdif, ` ua` pdb`iur` f efriniur`. Insin k` bfabnpbdòa in kfs prdenrfs `uxdkdfs bfef nk bfaouatf in p`ut`s, prftfbfkfs prftfbfkfs f prfbnidednatfs ` snjudr< `atn ua` sdtu`bdòa in nenrjnabd`. Nstn e`au`k tdnan bfef fcontdvf jnanr`k crdai`r k`s p`ut`s ` snjudr `atn ua` sdtu`bdòa in nenrjnabd`, prfiubdi` pfr ua` pdb`iur` f efriniur`. efriniur`. Incdif ` qun k`s pdb`iur`s y efriniur`s punina kknj`r ` snr in `ktf rdnsjf y na `kjua`s fb`sdfans punina snr efrt`kns. Ns daidspnas`ckn daidspnas`ckn bfasdinr`r k` depfrt`abd` in aunstr` datnrvnabdòa `atn idbm` sdtu`bdòa. Snb`kb`efs qun nst` `sdja`tur` nst` nahfb`i` ` prfbnidednatfs jnaärdbfs, ` k` `tnabdòa daenid`t` in k` sdtu`bdòa, jnanr`kenatn na nk kuj`r in kfs m`bmfs, m`st` qun kknjuna kfs nspnbd`kdst`s. nspnbd`kdst`s. @sdedsef, k` `pkdb`bdòa bfrrnbt` in k`s täbadb`s y prfbnidednatfs prfbnidednatfs punina s`kv`rkn k` vdi` ` k` pnrsfa` qun kn crdai`efs kfs prdenrfs `uxdkdfs< `uxdkdfs< in kf bfatr`rdf b fatr`rdf ua` e`k` pr`xds pfirå` nepnfr`r nk nst`if in k` pnrsfa` y sn pfirå` daburrdr m`st` `bbdfans knj`kns, pfr `btu`r in hfre` depruinatn. Na nk b`sf in k`s pdb`iur`s y efriniur`s, `kjua`s pnrsfa`s sunkna prnsnat`r rn`bbdfans `ivnrs`s, incdif ` su bfaidbdòa `kärjdb` ` bdnrt`s sust`abd`s. Nspnbåhdb`enatn na nst`s bdrbuast`abd`s bdrbuast`abd`s `k vnanaf in kfs dasnbtfs y snrpdnatns. Ns depfrt`atn bfafbnr, qun na k` e`yfrå` in kfs b`sfs k`s pdb`iur`s y efriniur`s in dasnbtfs punina tr`t`rsn na b`s` hàbdkenatn. R`kvf kfs b`sfs enabdfa`ifs `atnrdfrenatn. Nspnr`efs qun nk prnsnatn e`tnrd`k sn` in prfvnbmf y prnsnatn nk bfafbdednatf anbns`rdf p`r` pfinr `btu`r `atn idbm`s nenrjnabd`s.
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Nk bfabnptf in pdb`iur` sunkn utdkdz`rsn, p`r` rnhnrdrsn ` k` bfasnbunabd` in ua pdabm`zf f ua` puaz`i`, rn`kdz`if jnanr`kenatn bfa ua fcontf puatd`juif y inkj`if. ‛Nk usf usf eàs m`cdtu`k ink bfabnptf sn `sfbd` ` k`s e`rb`s qun ino`a kfs dasnbtfs u ftrfs `ade`kns qun idspfana in `judoòa bua`if `t`b`a f eunrina ` ftrf snr― (Wärnz-Wfrtf & J`riny, 370>). Jnanr`kenatn k`s pdb`iur`s punina snr b`us`i`s pfr dasnbtfs bfef? (`cno`s, `vdsp`s, `cnofrrfs, `cnofans, mfredj`s, j`rr`p`t`s, pukj`s, bmdabmns, z`abuifs, `r`ð`s y `k`br`ans) natrn ftrfs. Na `kjua`s fb`sdfans idbmfs dasnbtfs f `ade`kns dafbuk`a vnanafs (tòxdbfs) y ftrfs tr`sedtna nahnreni`ins.
Ns bfepknof inkdedt`r ua`s kåan`s in `btu`bdòa jnaärdb`, jnaärdb`, y` qun af tfi`s k`s pdb`iur`s prnsnat`a prfpdni`ins sdedk`rns, sn incna bfasdinr`r eÿktdpkns h`btfrns bfef? k`s b`r`btnråstdb`s ink dasnbtf f `ade`k, k`s p`tfkfjå`s prnvd`s in k` pnrsfa` pdb`i` y su mdpnrsnasdcdkdi`i mdpnrsnasdc dkdi`i f `knrjd` `k vnanaf datrfiubdif. datrfiubdif. @atns in `cfri`r prfhuaidz`r na kfs sdjafs,nk såatfe`s y prdenrfs qunrnefs in hfre` jnaärdb` bfabnptf in `knrjd`. `uxdkdfs in ua` pdb`i`
3.0 ¶Puä ¶Puä ns k` `knrjd `knrjd`6 `6 ‛K` `knrjd` ns ua` rn`bbdòa `afre`k ink sdstne` daeuan (inhnas` ink frj`adsef) ` bdnrt`s sust`abd`s qun afre`kenatn af b`us`a i`ðf ` k`s pnrsfa`s― (Aày`inSfirådjunz, 3700, p.>:). Kfs såatfe`s in k`s `knrjd`s sn punina bk`sdhdb`r na? knvns, efinr`ifs y snvnrfs snjÿa, (Aày`in-Sfiråjunz, (Aày`in-Sfiråjunz, 3700, p.>:).
Knvns? nstfrauif, bfajnstdòa a`s`k (`uenatf in k` eubfsdi`i), pdb`zòa y pnqunð`s pnqunð`s e`abm`s na `kjua`s p`rtns ink bunrpf.
Efinr`ifs Efinr` ifs ` snvnrfs? mdabm`zòa ink rfstrf y kfs fofs (nine`), idhdbukt`i p`r` rnspdr`r, e`rnfs, snas`bdòa in incdkdi`i eusbuk`r y inse`yfs.
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3.3 3.3 ¶P ¶Puä uä ns ua Rmfbl @a `hdkàbtd `hdkàbtdbf6 bf6 K` `a`hdk`xd` ns ua bu`irf `kärjdbf snvnrf y punin b`us`r k` eunrtn na b`sf in af rnbdcdr `tnabdòa fpfrtua`. Davfkubr` k` pdnk (pdb`zòa y `uenatf in vfkuena), nk sdstne` j`strfdatnstda`k (aàusn`s, vòedtfs, ifkfr in nstòe`jf), sdstne` rnspdr`tfrdf (idhdbukt`i y p`rf rnspdr`tfrdf) y sdstne` bdrbuk`tfrdf prfvfb`aif t`qudb`rid` (pusf ràpdif) n mdpftnasdòa (prnsdòa c`o`), nstf nxpkdb` kfs e`rnfs, `rrdted`s. ((Aày`in-Sfiråjunz, 3700, p.>=). Jnanr`kenatn nk smfbl `a`hdkàbtdbf ns prfiubdif pfr `kdenatfs, pdb`iur`s f efriniur`s in `ade`kns y `kjuafs enidb`enatfs. enidb`enatfs.
3.2 3.2 Rdjafs y Råatfe`s in ua` Wdb`iur`
Fcsnrv`bdòa? Af tfi`s k`s pnrsfa`s rn`bbdfa`a dju`k, `atn ua` pdb`iur`. W`r` h`bdkdt`r k` dinatdhdb`bdòa, ink dasnbtf f `ade`k qun jnanrf k` pdb`iur` (Adntf, 370=, p.0), intnreda` k` `jrup`bdòa in dasnbtfs f `ade`kns bfa kfs rnspnbtdvfs såatfe`s sdedk`rns. Rnjÿa (Adntf, 370=, p.0), k`s pdb`iur`s sn punina bk`sdhdb`r na? Rfa prfiubdi`s pfr dasnbtfs y `ràbadifs qun dafbuk`a vnanaf ò pfazfð`―. Bfef k`s sdjudnatns? sdjudnatns? ‛Wfazfðfs`s?
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3.2. 3.2.0 0 Rå Råatf atfe`s e`s na k`s Wdb`iur`s in @cno`s, @vdsp `s y Mfred j`s
Kfb`kns? Ifkfr narfonbdednatf, narfonbdednatf, dahk`e`bdòa in k` zfa` `hnbt`i`, ifkfr, pdbfr. Jnanr`kns? Jnanr`kenatn subnina incdif ` pdb`iur`s eÿktdpkns, y sn prnsnat` prurdtf jnanr`kdz`if, dahk`e`bdòa in k` cfb`, ifkfr in b`cnz`, Hkdbtne`s, e`knst`r jnanr`k, `asdni`i, Ifkfr @cifeda`k, Idhdbukt`i p`r` rnspdr`r, Ruifr`bdòa `cuai`atn, Rmfbl y hda`kenatn k` eunrtn. Bfasnbunabd`s? rdnsjf in dahnbbdòa y `hnbt`bdòa ink nst`if jnanr`k. Brdtnrdfs in jr`vn jr `vni`i? i`i? sd k`s pdb`iur`s sfa eÿktdpkns f `hnbt`a `k datnrdfr in k` cfb`< sd k`s efriniur`s m`a sdif prfiubdi`s pfr ua `ade`k insbfafbdif f
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vnanafsf< f sd k` våbtde` ns nspnbd`kenatn nspnbd`kenatn snasdckn `k vnanaf daynbt`if. daynbt`if.
3.2.3 Råatfe`s na k`s Wdb`iur`s in @k`br`ans
Afre`kenatn sfkf pdb`a bu`aif sfa efknst`ifs. Ifkfr n dahk`e`bdòa kfb`k. Inbfkfr`bdòa in k` pdnk na nk kuj`r in k` pdb`iur`.
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@ifrenbdednatf @ifrenbdednatf in k` knaju`. knaju`. B`k`ecrns eusbuk`rns. @uenatf in k` s s`kdv`bdòa. `kdv`bdòa.
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Bfavuksdfan Bfavuksdfans. s. Idstnasdòa Jàstrdb`. W`rf rnspdr`tfrdf y b`rid`bf.
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3.2.2 Råatfe`s na k`s Wdb`iur`s in @r`ð`s K` våbtde` Jnanr`kenatn Jnanr`kenatn af sdnatn k` pdb`iur`. @ vnbns sn fcsnrv`a fcsnrv`a ifs puatfs rfofs rfofs na nk kuj`r in k` pdb`iur`.
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K` sdatfe`tfkfjå` ns dju`k ` k` ink `k`bràa.
Rfa prfiubdi`s pfr dasnbtfs, qun `k pdb`r dafbuk`a järenans qun prfiubna nahnreni`i no.? Hdncrn `e`rdkk`, Inajun, ntb. Kfs dasnbtfs punina snr? _`abuifs, Bmdabmns, J`rr`p`t`s, Wukj`s, pdfofs, Jfrjfofs ntb. (Adntf, 370=, p.3) Wdb`iur`s Xdruknat`s?
3.2.9 3.2 .9 Råatfe Råatfe`s `s na k`s W Wdb db`iur `iur`s `s in J`rr`p`t`s K` e`adhnst`bdòa bkåadb` ns nk Wrurdtf. Nine` y narfonbdednatf, ` kfs bu`kns sn kns punina `jrnj`r uafs in tdpf sdstäedbfs in `bunrif ` sd tr`asedtdò `kjua` vdrfsds (Hdncrn, `rtr`kjd`s, Bnh`kn` ntb.).
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3. 3.2. 2.> > Rå Råatf atfe`s e`s n na a k`s W Wdb`iur db`iur`s `s in E Efsqu fsqudtf dtf s y _ _`abuifs `abuifs M`y idhnrnatns tdpfs, eàs hrnbunatns na bkde` bàkdif, `kjuafs tr`asedtna nahnreni`ins.
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@rifr Wrurdtf Nine` y narfonbdednatf Fb`sdfa`kenatn Fb`sdfa`kenat n hdncrn.
3.9 ENIDI@R ENIDI@R WSNXNAYDX WSNXNAYDX@R @R W@ W@S@ S@ K K@R @R WDB@I^S@R Rnjÿa (Adntf, 370=, p.2) k`s enidi`s prnvnatdv`s rnbfenai`i`s rnbfenai`i`s sfa k`s sdjudnatns? Nkdeda`r k`s `ju`s nst`ab`i`s in bm`rbfs, p`at`afs, v`sdo`s ntb. (Rnbàaifkfs ò rnkknaàaifkfs) rnkknaàaifkf s) bfa b fa tdnrr`. ^s`r `ajnf na vnat`a`s y punrt`s. ^s`r tfkidkkfs ò efsqudtnrfs. efsqudtnrfs. Instrudr tfif rnbdpdnatn qun nstn na insusf, y puni` snr inpòsdtf in `ju`. ^s`r z`p`tfs `k b`eda`r. K`s c`sur`s qun af sfa rnbfknbt`i`s incna dabdanr`rsn ò qune`rsn. ^s`r rnpnknatns bfatr` dasnbtfs. Huedj`r pnrdòidb`enatn k`s m`cdt`bdfans. m`cdt`bdfans. Nvdt`r qun kfs `ade`kns pnre`anzb`a pnre`anzb`a na k`s m`cdt`bdfans. m`cdt`bdfans. Af `bnrb`r ine`sd`if k` b`e` bfatr` k`s p`rnins in k` m`cdt`bdòa. Nvdt`r e`adpuk`r `vdspnrfs ò p`a`kns sda k` prftnbbdòa `inbu`i`.
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3.> WSDENSFR WSDENSFR @^]DKDFR W@S@ WDB@I^S@R? WDB@I^S@R? Sntdr`r nk `judoòa bfa budi`if y nvdt`r qun sn datrfiuzb` eàs tòxdbf. Nk `judoòa in `cno` incn rntdr`rsn bfa `kjf hdren, bfef ua` t`ront` in bräidtf, prnsdfa`aif in ua k`if ` ftrf, bfa budi`if, auab` utdkdz`r pdaz`s y` qun sn punin kdcnr`r eàs vnanaf. @pkdb`r e`s`on bfa mdnkf iur`atn 07 edautfs, ò bfa bfeprns`s in `ju` mnk`i` iur`atn 37 -27 edautfs, p`r` nvdt`r k` dahk`e`bdòa y idsedaudr k` `csfrbdòa ink vnanaf. Na b`sf in pdb`iur` na nk datnrdfr in k` cfb`, i`r ` k` våbtde` mdnkf p`r` qun kf bmupn f pnqunðfs tr`jfs in `ju` hrå`. Kdepd`r nk sdtdf bfa `ju` y o`còa ò bfa ua` sfkubdòa `atdsäptdb`. Yr`aqudkdz`r ` k` pnrsfa`, kfs bu`irfs `kärjdbfs prfiubna `ajustd` `ajustd` na k` våbtde`. Ns depfrt`atn i`rkn snjurdi`i. Rd k` pnrsfa` utdkdz` `kjÿa enidb`enatf p`r` k` `knrjd` na hfre` m`cdtu`k, `yui`r ` qun kf tfen. A^AB@ i`r enidb`enatfs sda prnsbrdpbdòa eäidb` y` qun pfinefs `jr`v`r nk bu`irf. Rd kfs såatfe`s pnrsdstna f nepnfr`a tr`sk`i`r ` ua bnatrf `sdstnabd`k. `sdstnabd`k. Na b`sfs in pdb`zòa sn punin `pkdb`r hråf kfb`k, nk mdnkf af incn nst`r na bfat`btf idrnbtf bfa k` pdnk, AF us`r brne`s u ftrf tdpf in kfbdfans bfef
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bfkfad`. Rd hunr` pfsdckn `tr`p`r f tfe`r hftf `k dasnbtf f `ade`k jn jnanrf k` pdb`iur`.
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K`s pdb`iur`s in `vdspòa y `vdsp` sfa eàs prfpnas`s ` k` dahnbbdòa incdif ` qun nstfs dasnbtfs sn `kdenat`a in b`rrfð`, pfr kf bu`k sn incn rn`kdz`r cuna` vdjdk`abd` ` nstn tdpf in pdb`iur`s p`r` intnreda`r k` anbnsdi`i in ua` nv`ku`bdòa eäidb` y pfsdckn dadbdf in tr`t`ednatf `atdcdòtdbf
J`rr`p`t`s @pkdb`r `bndtn edanr`k ò in bfbda` bfbda` iur`atn enid` mfr` na nk sdtdf ifain sn nabunatr` k` j`rr`p`t`, p`r` tr`t`r in insprnainrk`, kunjf rntdr`rk` bfa ua` pdaz`, k`v`r bfa `ju` y o`còa. Af utdkdz`r b`kfr , fcontfs dab`ainsbnatns, dab`ainsbnatns, bdj`rrdkkfs b dj`rrdkkfs nabnaidifs p`r` nvdt`r rdnsjf in qune`iur` in k` pdnk.
3. 3.>. >.0 0 Wrdenrfs @uxdkdfs @ux dkdfs p`r` ua Rmfbl @a`hdkàbtdbf Rnjÿa (Aày`in-Sfirådjunz, (Aày`in-Sfirådjunz, 3700, p.>=) kfs prdenrfs `uxdkdfs p`r` ua smfbl `a`hdkàbtdbf `a`hdkàbtdbf sfa kfs sdjudnatns? @atn ua` pnrsfa` bfa såatfe`s snvnrfs snvnrfs in `knrjd`< `knrjd`< idhdbukt`i idhdbukt`i p`r` rnspdr`r, `uenatf `uenatf in pdb`zòa y e`abm`s na k` pdnk, nine` in rfstrf y fofs, e`rnf f inse`yf? Nv`ku`r sd k` pnrsfa` nstà bfasbdnatn y punin rnspdr`r, sd af ns `så dadbd`r SBW in daenid`tf. Rd k` pnrsfa` sn e`atdnan bfasbdnatn bfasbdnatn y kfs såatfe`s nepnfr`a tr`sk`i`r daenid`t`enatn daenid`t`en atn ` ua bnatrf `sdstnabd`. Auab` i`r a`i` pfr cfb` ` ua` pnrsfa` bfa idhdbukt`i rnspdr`tfrd` y` qun sn punin `mfj`r.
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Kf eàs depfrt`atn ns k` prnvnabdòa, sd ustni tdnan rn`bbdfans `kärjdb`s jr`vns incn tr`nr bfasdjf ua` t`ront` f ua` puksnr` qun kf snð`kn.
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EFSINI^S@R
‛Rfa mnrdi`s fb`sdfa`i`s pfr kfs idnatns in ua `ade`k, ò pfr nk mfecrn. K`s eàs hrnbunatns fb`sdfa`i`s pfr `ade`kns sfa pfr Wnrrfs, J`tfs, Bnrifs, S`tfans, fb`sdfa`kenatn pfr Rnrpdnatns, _frrfs, Eurbdäk`jfs. Bk`sdhdb`bdòa? Wfazfðfs`s y Xdruknat`s― (Adntf, 370=, p.2). p.2).
2.0 Efriniur`s Wfazfðfs`s ? Rfa prfiubdi`s pfr Rnrpdnatns qun dafbuk`a vnanaf `k efrinr ` ua` pnrsfa` ò `ade`k. Nxdstna ifs tdpfs in Rnrpdnatns?
B@S@BYNSDRYDB@R
RNSWDNAYNR XNANAFR@R WSDE@SD@R
Bfkedkkfs Dafbuk`ifrns Rfknafjkdh`s? Wfsnna nk `p`r`tf dafbuk`ifr in pfazfð` eàs sfhdstdb`if qun nxdstn na k` a`tur`knz`. Inatrf in nstn jrupf sn nabunatr` k` e`yfrå` in k`s snrpdnatns pfazfðfs`s in aunstrf p`ås y k`s qun prfvfb`a b`sd k` tft`kdi`i in kfs b`sfs in nepfazfð`ednatf. Ru `p`r`tf dafbuk`ifr bfasdstn na ua p`r in bfkedkkfs, hunrtns, burv`ifs m`bd` `tràs y
RNSWDNAYNR AF XNANAFR@R
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sdtu`ifs na k` p`rtn `atnrdfr ink e`xdk`r supnrdfr. Hfsnt` Ynrefrrnbnptfr` Ynrefrrnbnptfr` Kfrn`k
RNB^AI@SD@R B`cnz`
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Bfrt` y jruns`
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Bfkfr`bdòa
Af uadbfkfrns
^adbfkfrns f af
@btdtui qun `suena `suena
@t`qun
Muåi`
Aft`? Yfe`if in (Wärnz, 3703)
4
Aft`? Yfe`if in (Wärnz, 3703)
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Aft`? Yfe`if in (Wärnz, 3703) Jnanr`kenatn k`s snrpdnatns sfa `ade`kns tåedifs, qun sunkna nsbfainrsn `k rudif in k`s pnrsfa`s y eunrina bua`if m`a sdif efknst`ifs f `t`b`ifs. K` efriniur` na sd af ns tòxdb`, kf qun jnanr` nk i`ðf ns nk vnanaf qun p`s` in k` snrpdnatn ` k` pnrsfa`. Ns pfr nkkf, qun sn incn cusb`r `tnabdòa enidb` in daenid`tf p`r` anutr`kdz`r nk vnanaf bfa nk `atåiftf.
2.0 Råatfe`s pfr Efriniur` in Rnrpdnatn
Rd mucf daynbbdòa in vnanaf bfa k` efriniur` in snrpdnatn, kfs såatfe`s sn ins`rrfkk`ràa, jnanr`kenatn in 0> ` 27 edautfs, ` vnbns sfkf ua`s mfr`s inspuäs in k` efriniur`. Kfs såatfe`s qun sn prnsnat`a inpnaina ink tdpf in snrpdnatn. Na täredafs jnanr`kns, m`y trns bfepknofs in såatfe`s depfrt`atns qun punina fburrdr inspuäs in k`s efriniur`s efriniur`s in snrpdnatns? Jnanr`kns? A`usn`s, Xfedtf, Mdpftnasdòa, Hdncrn, Bfavuksdfans, Bfavuksdfans, Mne`turd`, Bd`afsds, Idsan`, Bfe` y hda`kenatn k` eunrtn. Kfb`kns? Ifkfr hunrtn, Nine`, Nqudefsds, Hfre`bdòa in @epfkk`s, @epfkk`s, W`ràkdsds, Dsquned`, Anbrfsds, J`ajrna`.
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Nk p`bdnatn h`kknbn sd af rnbdcn tr`t`ednatf tr`t`ednatf na k`s sdjudnatns 0> mfr`s. I` I`ðf ðf ` kfs anrvd fs (Rå (Råatfe`s atfe`s anurft anurftòxdbfs òxdbfs )? W`ràkdsds in kfs eÿsbukfs, b`åi` in kfs p`rp`ifs supnrdfrns y dahnrdfrns, p`ràkdsds in kfs eÿsbukfs in k` b`r` y e`aiåcuk`,
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Na k` enidi` qun nk tdnepf `v`az` , k` p`ràkdsds `t`b` kfs eÿsbukfs rnspdr`tfrdfs, kf qun punin bfaiubdr ` k` `shdxd`. Nstfs såatfe`s anurftòxdbfs in efriniur` in snrpdnatn sfa b`us`ifs, pfr nonepkf, pfr bfcr`s, e`ec`s, snrpdnatns e`rda`s y `kjua`s snrpdnatns in b`sb`cnk. Eftrdbdi`i (såatfe`s eusbuk`rns)? punin tnanr ua nhnbtf tòxdbf na kfs eÿsbukfs y i`ð`rkfs, kf qun ` vnbns prfvfb` ua ifkfr eusbuk`r datnasf. @ineàs, kfs `ktfs advnkns in brn`tda` na k` frda` punina intnbt`rsn bfef ua sdjaf in instrubbdòa ink tnodif eusbuk`r na k` s`ajrn. •
@ineàs, punin i`ð`r k`s bäkuk`s in kfs rdðfans, kf qun punin prfvfb`r dasuhdbdnabd` dasuhdbdnabd` rna`k. Wfr nonepkf, k` efriniur` in snrpdnatn in `kjua`s våcfr`s, snrpdnatns in b`sb`cnk, snrpdnatns vnanafs`s y snrpdnatns e`rda`s b`us`a i`ðf eusbuk`r. Yr`stfraf in k` bf`juk`bdòa (såatfe`s mnefrràjdbfs)? tr`stfraf in k` bf`juk`bdòa in k` s`ajrn, m`st` nk puatf in kf qun sn inafeda` bf`jukfp`tå` pfr bfasuef? nk vnanaf prdenrf `btdv` nk sdstne` in bf`juk`bdòa, bf`juk`bdòa, in efif qun sn hfre`a auenrfsfs bfàjukfs pnqunðfs qun punina fcstrudr kfs v`sfs hdafs.
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K` hfre`bdòa in bfàjukfs bfàjukfs bfasuen t`at`s sust`abd`s qun sfa anbns`rd`s p`r` k` bf`juk`bdòa (bfef pk`qunt`s y h`btfrns in bf`juk`bdòa), tr`ynaif bfef bfasnbunabd` bfasnbunabd ` qun k` s`ajrn hda`kenatn y` af punin bf`juk`rsn. bf`juk`rsn. K`s bfasnbunabd`s sfa s`ajr`if danst`ckn (pfr mnrdi`s, nabå`s y mnefrr`jd`s a`s`kns). @ineàs, punina punina prfiubdrsn prfiubdrsn vòedtfs in s`ajrn s`ajrn y frda` s`ajudafknat`. s`ajudafknat`. Fb`sdfa`kenatn, ua` efriniur` in snrpdnatn prfvfb` ua smfbl y prfckne`s bdrbuk`tfrdfs.
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2.0.0 2.0 .0 Råatfe Råatfe`s `s pfr Efriniur` Efriniur ` in Rnrpdnatn Rnrpdnatn B`sb`cnk? Nk vnanaf bfatdnan b fatdnan Anurftfxda` y Mnefrr`jda`.
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E`adhnst`bdfans E`adhnst`bdf ans kfb`kns y` rnhnrdi`s. E`adhnst`bdfans jnanr`kns? E`adhnst`bdfans jnanr`kns? @ktnr`bdfans in in k` vdsdòa. B`åi` in kfs pàrp`ifs pàrp`ifs (Wtfsds p`kpncr`k) p`kpncr`k) Ifkfr bnrvdb`k pfstnrdfr. Ifkfr eusbuk`r jnanr`kdz`if. jnanr`kdz`if. @ktnr`bdfans ink ink nqudkdcrdf nqudkdcrdf - e`rbm`. •
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2.3 K`s E`adhnst`bdfans E`adhnst `bdfans Kfb`kns Kf b`kns y Jnanr`kns Jnanr`kns in k`s Efri Efri niur`s in Rnrpd Rnrpdnatns natns inpnaina in? K` ni`i y nst`tur` in k` våbtde`. Bfaidbdfans in s`kui prnvd`s.
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Nspnbdn y t`e`ðf in k` snrpdnatn. Efriniur` `bbdinat`k in ua `ade`k prnvd`enatn drrdt`if.
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Nst`if in kfs bfkedkkfs y jkàaiuk`s vnanafs`s in k` s snrpdnatn. nrpdnatn. A`tur`knz` y sdtdf in k` efriniur`. B`atdi`i in vnanaf dafbuk`if. Ydnepf tr`asburrdif natrn nk efenatf in k` efriniur` y nk efenatf in k` `tnabdòa `inbu`i`. @b @bbd bd òa ink vnanaf vna naf?? Anurftfxda` 5 Fb`sdfa` Bfavuksdfans y p`ràkdsds. Mnefrr`jda` 5 Fb`sdfa` Mneòkdsds, mnefrr`jd`, trfecfsds y necfkd`s. necfkd`s.
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2.2 WSDENSFR @^]DKDFR @AYN K@ EFSINI^S@ IN RNSWDNAYN Yr`aqudkdz`r ` k` pnrsfa`, k`s efriniur`s in snrpdnatn prfiubna `t`quns in pàadbf na k` våbtde` Kk`e`r daenid`t`enatn `k 400, insbrdcdr k` sdtu`bdòa y såatfe`s in k` våbtde`. Wrnjuat`r nk tdnepf nstde`if in kknj`i` in kfs nspnbd`kdst`s `k kuj`r in k` nenrjnabd`. Na rnk`bdòa ` k` rnspunst` `atnrdfr, tfe`r k` inbdsdòa in tr`sk`i`r daenid`t`enatn daenid`t`en atn ` k` våbtde` f nspnr`r ` kfs nspnbd`kdst`s. nspnbd`kdst`s. E`atnanr na rnpfsf k` zfa` `hnbt`i`. Insdahnbt`r k` mnrdi`. @pkdb`r hråf kfb`k. kfb`k. @kno`rsn ink r`idf r`idf in `t`qun `t`qun in k` snrpdnatn. snrpdnatn. Daidb`r ` k` våbtde` v åbtde` qun sn qunin qudntf y e`atnaj` k` b`ke` p`r` `yui`r `
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idsedaudr k` prfp`j`bdòa ink vnanaf. Pudt`rkn k`s ofy`s y k` rfp` `oust`i` `atns in qun bfednabns ` mdabm`rtn. Bfkfb`rkn, sd ns pfsdckn, in e`anr` t`k qun k` efriniur` nstä ` k` `ktur` ink bfr`zòa f pfr inc`of. Kdepd` k` mnrdi` bfa `ju` y o`còa. Bÿcrnk` Bÿcrnk` bfa ua `pòsdtf kdepdf y snbf.
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2.2.0 2.2 .0 Wrnb`ubd Wrnb`ubdòa òa @atn @ atn k` Efriniu r` in Rnrpdnat Rnrpdnatn n Af usns tfradquntns ad `pkdquns `pkdquns mdnkf. Af m`j`s bfrtns na k` mnrdi` ad datnatns nxtr`nr nk vnanaf. Af i`rkn b`hnåa` f `kbfmfk ` k` våbtde`, y` qun nstf pfirå` `bnknr`r k` `csfrbdòa `csfrbdòa ink vnanaf na tu bunrpf. Af datnatns `tr`p`r k` snrpdnatn. Yr`tn in rnbfri`r su bfkfr y hfre` p`r` qun puni`s insbrdcdrk`< snrà ÿtdk p`r` nk tr`t`ednatf. Rd tdnans ua tnkähfaf bfatdjf y
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nstf af inefr` nk efenatf in cusb`r `yui`, tfe` ua` hftf in k` snrpdnatn insin ua` idst`abd` snjur` p`r` qun sn` eàs hàbdk dinatdhdb`rk`.
2.9 Efriniur`s Xdruknat`s Rfa prfiubdi`s pfr pnrrfs, j`tfs, eurbdäk`jfs, bnrifs, r`t`s ntb. K` efriniur` fb`sdfa`i` pfr `kjuaf in nstfs `ade`kns punin tr`asedtdr k` r`cd` sd nk `ade`k nst`c` bfat`eda`if pfr nk vdrus in k` r`cd`. Nk Xdrus in k` r`cd` sn nabunatr` na k` s`kdv` ink `ade`k, y sn dafbuk` bu`aif nk `ade`k nahnref eunrin ` ua` pnrsfa` u ftrf `ade`k, ò k`en k` mnrdi`, k` cfb`, k` pdnk y eubfs`s knsdfa`i`s knsdfa`i`s in ua` pnrsfa`. K`s efriniur`s punina snr? Jr`vns? Bu`aif k` efriniur` ns na k` b`cnz`, b`r` (Cfb`, A`rdz, Fofs Hrnatn y
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Wòeukfs) bunkkf e`afs y inifs. Knvns? Bu`aif k` efriniur` ns sfcrn k` rfp` in k` våbtde` ò na ednecrfs dahnrdfrns, y in pfb` nxtnasdòa.
2.9.0 2.9 .0 Råatfe`s in i n k`s Efri Efriniur`s niur`s Xdruk nat`s E`knst`r jnanr`k Ifkfr in b`cnz`
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Hdncrn W`ràkdsds Idhdbukt`i p`r` tr`j`r Hfcd` `k `ju` @asdni`i @jrnsdvdi`i ntb.
2.9.3 Wrnvnabdòa in k`s Efriniur`s Xdruknat`s X`bua`r pnrrfs y j`tfs, nvdt`r bfat`btf bfa pnrrfs b`kknonr b`kknonrfs, fs, `vds`r fpfrtua`enatn fpfrtua`enatn `k snrvdbdf snbbdfa`k in s`kui `bnrb` in kfs b`sfs sfspnbmfsfs.
2.> WSDENS WSDENSFR FR @^]DKDFR @^]DKDFR `atn k`s Efriniur`s Xdruk Xdruknat`s nat`s Yr`aqudkdz`r k` våbtde`. @vnrdju`r y bfahdre`r bfahdre`r sd nk `ade`k `ade`k nst` v`bua`if. K`v`r k` mnrdi` bfa `ju` y o`còa. Rnb`r k` mnrdi` y bucrdrk`. b ucrdrk`. Yr`sk`i`r ` k` våbtde` ` ua bnatrf in `tnabdòa eäidb`. eäidb`. (Ifain intnreda`r`a k` anbnsdi`i in rn`kdz`r k` v`bua`bdòa in k` våbtde`). Bfmdcdr k` mnefrr`jd`, sd k` mucdnsn. @pkdb`r ua` sfkubdòa sfkubdòa bfenrbd`k bfenrbd`k insdahnbt`atn insdahnbt`atn ` c`sn in pfvdifa` pfvdifa` yfi`i`. yfi`i`. Bucrdr k` mnrdi` bfa ua `pòsdtf nstärdk f rfp` kdepd`. kdepd`. • • •
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2.>.0 Snbfenai`bdfans p`r` k`s Efriniur`s Xdruknat`s Af s`brdhdb`r `k `ade`k. Fcsnrv`r nk `ade`k iur`atn 07 iå`s. Rd eunrn nk `ade`k `vds`r ` k` natdi`i in s`kui p`r` qun kn m`j` ua nstuidf id`jafstdbf `k `ade`k (B`cnz` ink `ade`k - qun na fb`sdfans ns anbns`rdf navd`r navd`rk` k` `k Dastdtutf A`bdfa`k in R`kui). •
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CDCKDFJS@HÅ@ E`yf Hfuai`tdfa hfr Enidb`k Niub`tdfa `ai Snsn`rbm (EHENS). (3737). Efriniur` in snrpdnatns? Wrdenrfs `uxdkdfs. Snbupnr`if Snbupnr`if in? in? mttps?//www.e`yfbkdadb.frj/ns-ns/hd mttps?//www.e`yfbkd adb.frj/ns-ns/hdrst-`di/hdrst-`dirst-`di/hdrst-`di-sa`ln-cdtns/c`sdb sa`ln-cdtns/c`sdbs/`rts/`rt377>88=0 377>88=0 Aày`in-Sfirå Aày`in-Sfiråjunz. junz. N. (3700). E`au`k in Wrdenrfs @uxdkdfs. Wfatdhdb` ^advnrsdi`i ^advnrsdi` i B`tòkdb` in Bmdkn.
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Adntf, J. (370=). Wdb`iur`s y Efriniur`s. ^advnrsdi`i Ynbafkòjd Ynbafkòjdb` b` in Wnrndr`. Wnrndr`, Bfkfecd`. Snbupnr`if in? in?
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mttps?//`b`ined`.utp.niu.bf/sfpfrtnvdt` mttps?//`b`ined`.utp.niu.bf/ sfpfrtnvdt`kc`sdbfyp`/hdkn kc`sdbfyp`/hdkns/3703/74/4-EFSINI^S s/3703/74/4-EFSINI^S@R-T@R-TWDB@I^
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Wärnz, @. (3703). Idhnrnabd`s natrn Rnrpdnatns Xnanafs`s Xnanafs`s y af Xnanafs`s. E`au`k Fhåidbf. Snbupnr`if in? in? mttps?//e`au`k
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fhdidbf.ckfjspft.bfe/3703/7=/idhnrnabd`s-natrn-snrpdnatns-vnanafs`s.mtek fhdidbf.ckfjspft.bfe/3703/7=/idhnrnabd`s-natrn-snrpdnatns-vnanafs`s.mtek
Wärnz-Wfrtf, O. & J`riny, @. (370>). Inhdadbdòa.In? Inhdadbd Inhdadbdòa òa in pdb`iur`. mttps?//inhdadbdfa.in/pdb`iur` a.in/pdb`iur`// Snbupnr`if in? in? mttps?//inhdadbdf S`efs-Cfro`, A. (3704). Wrdenrfs `uxdkdfs p`r` vnanafs y pdb`iur`s. Enofr bfa R`kui. Snbupnr`if in? in? mttps?//enofrbfas`kui.bfe/prdenrfs-`uxdkdfs-vnanafs-
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