Manual de Formação 1749

 

 

Lhmuhj dc Akrlhïîk SAND 8?49

Vhstcjhrih/phdhrih „ krohmizhïîk c prkduïîk

Akrlhdkr Gkhquil Gkîk Jirh Horc

 

 

Ìmdinc

8.  8.  Krohmizhïîk c aumnikmhlcmtk dc ulh phstcjhrih/phdhrih ................................................ phstcjhrih/phdhrih ................................................ > 0.  0.  Tcnmkjkoih dks cquiphlcmtks c utcmsìjiks dc ulh phstcjhrih/phdhrih  phstcjhrih/phdhrih  ............................. ............................ 1 >.  >.  Hprkvisikmhlcmtk dks divcrsks prkdutks hjilcmthrcs .................................................... hjilcmthrcs  .................................................... 84 4.  4.  Vrkncdilcmtks dc krohmizhïîk c prkduïîk dc ulh phstcjhrih/phdhrih ......................... phstcjhrih/phdhrih  ......................... 82 3.  3.  Distri`uiïîk c nklcrnihjizhïîk  nklcrnihjizhïîk ........................................................................................... .......................................................................................... 0> 1.  1.  Mkrlhs dc bioicmc c scourhmïh ......................................................................................... scourhmïh  ......................................................................................... 0>

 

 

8.  Krohmizhïîk c aumnikmhlcmtk dc ulh phstcjhrih/phdhrih

K tcrlk phstcjhrih, dcsiomh, bh`ituhjlcmtc, cl Vkrtuohj, k csth`cjcnilcmtk dk phstcjcirk ku dc qucl ahz `kjks, `cl nklk k jknhj kmdc sc pkdc nkmsulir ulh rcaciïîk jiocirh.  jiocirh.  Trhthlks hqui dks jknhis dc prkduïîk, pkdcmdk cstcs scr cl umidhdcs imdcpcmdcmtcs ku imtcorhdks cl csth`cjcnilcmtks bktcjcirks ku silijhrcs.  silijhrcs.   Mhs umidhdcs imtcorhdhs cl csth`cjcnilcmtks bktcjcirks, h phstcjhrih é ul jknhj imdcpcmdcmtc, hmcxk æ nkzimbh, arcqucmtclcmtc nkmsidcrhdk æ lhrocl dhqucjh, hpcshr dh suh rcjcvàmnih rcjcv àmnih mk nkmgumtk dh prkduïîk. prkduïîk.   H suh jknhjizhïîk dcvc scr nritcrikshlcmtc csnkjbidh, scmdk hnkmscjbèvcj h suh aènij jiohïîk hks scouimtcs jknhis7  jknhis7  • nkzimbh „  dhdk im÷lcrhs prcphrhïócs shjohdhs scrcl prkduzidhs mh

nkzimbh nkl h hgudh dh phstcjhrih (quinbcs, lhsshs phrh nk`crturh, pizzhs, ctn.)   ctn.) • csphïks dc nklcrnihjizhïîk (rcsthurhmtcs, nhacthrihs c `hrcs) „ 

ahvkrcncmdk h phsshocl dc mkths dc cmnklcmdh, k cmvik dhs nkmacïócs c k scu nkmtrkjk.  nkmtrkjk.  Mhs umidhdcs imtcorhdhs cl csth`cjcnilcmtks silijhrcs, h phstcjhrih é iouhjlcmtc ul jknhj imdcpcmdcmtc hmcxk h ul csphïk dc nklcrnihjizhïîk dh suh prkduïîk.  prkduïîk. 

 

 

K C^VHÏK DH VH^TCJHPIH ^c prkduzir ocjhdks ku trh`hjbhr k nbknkjhtc dc ulh akrlh imtcmsivh, hs imsthjhïócs dcvcl tcr ul csphïk prþprik ku ‚htcjicr“, kmdc hs nkmdiïócs

aìsinhs pksshl scr nkmtrkjhdhs, phrtinujhrlcmtc h tclpcrhturh hl`icmtc c h bulidhdc.  bulidhdc.  H utijizhïîk nrcsncmtc dc prkdutks scli-cjh`krhdks (phrh aimhjizhr mk jknhj) c dc prkdutks prkmtks h nkmsulir, nkmocjhdks ku rcariocrhdks, lkdiainku prkorcssivhlcmtc h nkmncïîk c imsthjhïîk dk csphïk dh phstcjhrih, h krohmizhïîk dk trh`hjbk c k orhu dc quhjiainhïîk dks scus rcnursks bulhmks.   bulhmks. ^coumdk h dilcmsîk dh umidhdc c h divcrsidhdc dh suh prkduïîk, hssil ks rcnursks bulhmks dcvcl scr hdhpthdks. hdhpthdks.   Cstc jknhj dc prkduïîk cxioc h ilpjclcmthïîk dc riokrksks pjhmks dc bioicmc c scourhmïh hjilcmthr, htcmdcmdk quc h prkduïîk dc nrclcs c lkjbks, hssknihdks hk scu cjcvhdk ìmdinc dc lhmipujhïîk, sîk hs primniphis akmtcs dc tkxi-imacïócs hjilcmthrcs.  hjilcmthrcs.  H krohmizhïîk dk trh`hjbk dcvc, pkr issk, k`cdcncr h ulh prkorcssîk jþoinh c rhnikmhj, mulh pcrspctivh dc rcspcitk pcjh rcorh dh ‚lhrnbh cl arcmtc“

c kmdc mîk cxisthl nruzhlcmtks dc nirnuitks, mklchdhlcmtc, prkaissikmhis, lhtérihs-prilhs c rcsìduks dc prkduïîk.  prkduïîk. 

 

 

KPOHMKOPHLH DH VH^TCJHPIH MSLH SMIDHDC BKTCJCIPH

 

 

0.  Tcnmkjkoih dks cquiphlcmtks c utcmsìjiks dc ulh phstcjhrih/phdhrih

Hk prkaissikmhj dcvcl scr dhdhs nkmdiïócs quc jbc pcrlithl rchjizhr ul trh`hjbk hjthlcmtc ténmink c prkdutivk. Vhrh thj dcvcl ks scntkrcs dc phstcjhrih csthr cquiphdks nkl k lìmilk imdispcmsèvcj dk cquiphlcmtk, lhtcrihj c utcmsìjiks quc h scouir sc disnrilimhl.

Cquiphlcmtk •

  Akrmk

•

  Akrmk h oès c cjétrink

•

  @htcdcirh

•

  ^krvctcirh

•

  Lkimbks

•

  Jhlimhdkrh

•

  @hjhmïh

•

  Lcsh nkl thlpk dc pcdrh

•

  lèrlkrc

•

  Lcsh dc trh`hjbk

•

  @hjnîk ariokriaink

•

  Tujbhs dc hnkmdinikmhlcmtk

•

  Akoîk

 

 

@htcrih dc nkzimbh phrh Vhstcjhrih •

  Tè`uhs dc pjèstink

•

  Imstrulcmtk phrh nkrthr `kjks cl nhlhdhs

•

  Qhrh dc hrhlcs

•

  Cspètujh dc lcthj

•

  Ahnhs dc nkzimbh, orhmdc c pcqucmh

•

  Tcskurh dc nkzimbh c cspctks dc lcthj

•

  Trimnbh c cspètujh dc `krrhnbh

•

  Nkmgumtk dc nkjbcrcs c cspètujh, dc lhdcirh

•

  Péouh

•

  Tiocjh orhmdc c Tiocjh hjth

•

  Arioidcirh

•

  Vhmcjh dc > jitrks

•

  Nhïhrkjh nkl thlph c aumdk cspcssk

•

  Lcdidkr dc vidrk phrh jìquidks

•

  Vhsshdkr dc rcdc cl lcthj

•

  Nkmth-limutks

•

  Nkmgumtk dc tiocjhs dc pircx

•

  @hjhmïh dc nkzimbh

•

  Lèquimh dc nkzimbh (rk`kt)

•

  Vinhdkrh

•

  @htcdcirh

•

  Hjlkahriz c lèquimh phrh rhjhr hlçmdkhs

•

  Vcjìnujh dc pjèstink hdcrcmtc

•

  Vhpcj vcocthj

 

 

•

  Akjbh dc hjulìmik

•

  Tcrlþlctrk dc akrmk

•

  Csprclcdkr dc nitrimks

•

  Phjhdkr

•

•

  Akrlh hjth c pcmcirh   Pcdc phrh `kjks

•

  Cspètujh dc pjèstink

•

  Akrlimbhs dc phpcj arishdk

•

  Nkrth-`kjhnbhs

•

  ^hnk dc phstcjcirk nkl vèriks `inks

•

  Pkjk dh lhssh

•

•

  Th`ujcirk dc akrmk   Akrlh nkl `urhnk (^hvhriri)

•

  Akrlh nkl oklks c `urhnk (Ekuojka)

•

  Akrlh rcdkmdh

•

  Akrlimbhs divcrshs

•

  Akrlh dc lkjh nkl aumdk lþvcj

•

  Akrlh phrh thrtc

•

•

•

  Nkrth-lhsshs   Akrlh rcthmoujhr (tipk `kjk imojçs)   Akrlh rcthmoujhr h`hujhdh c nhmcjhdh

Kutrk Lhtcrihj c Stcmsìjiks Lhtcrihis c utcmsìjiks7 •

  Pkjks dh lhssh

 

 

•

  Ahnhs (jish, trimnbhmtc c cspètujhs)

•

  Gkoks dc `kquijbhs

•

  Gkoks dc nkrth lhsshs

•

  ^hnks dc phstcjcirk

•

•

  Th`ujcirks phrh akrmk c hrrulhïócs   Thnbks c nhïhrkjhs vhrihdhs

•

  Nhïhrkjctcs

•

  Aumis

•

  Vhsshdkrcs utijizhdks mh nkzimbh

•

  Nkjbcrcs dc hnrìjink

•

  Nkjbcrcs dc ocjhdks

•

•

  Vimnéis   Nkmnbhs

•

  Csnulhdcirhs

•

  Ohrak phrh ariturhs

•

  Dcpþsitk phrh pcqucmhs cspcnihjidhdcs

•

  Lkjdcs phrh orhmdcs pcïhs

•

  Hrlhïócs phrh `kjks nklclkrhtivks

•

•

  Hrlhïócs phrh nkr`cijbcs   Hïunhrcirks

•

  Akrlhs pcqucmhs

•

  Akrlhs Orhmdcs

•

  Thrtc aumdk lþvcj

•

  Thrtcs dc aumdk aixk

•

  Vjhnhs phrh `kjk cmrkjhdk

 

 

Hjél dcstc lhtcrihj lìmilk imdispcmsèvcj, h phstcjhrih dcvcrè tcr mk scu cquiphlcmtk ulh nàlhrh dc tclpcrhturh mkrlhj c ulh nàlhrh nkmocjhdkrh nkl tclpcrhturhs h `hixk dks 86¶N. Dcvc pkssuir himdh, hrlèriks phrh ouhrdhr `c`idhs, xhrkpcs c nkmdilcmtks dcjinhdks. Dcvcrè csthr cquiphdh nkl prhtcjcirhs c ums jhvh jkiïhs nkl ohmnbks phrh pcmdurhr lhtcrihj. Mk nhsk dk pîk scr ah`rinhdk mk scntkr, dcvcrè h phstcjhrih scr cquiphdh nkl7 •

  Lèquimhs divisþrihs

•

  Lèquimh hlhsshdcirh

•

  Tcmdcirhs

•

  Akrmk phrh pîk

•

  Th`ujcirks dc hrrulhïîk nkl

•

  @hmqucths

•

  Vès

•

  Tcjhs dc jkmh

•

  Phsphdcirhs

•

  Qhsskurh phrh vhrrcr k akrmk

•

  Lkjdcs phrh pîk dc akrlh

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

>.  Hprkvisikmhlcmtk dks divcrsks prkdutks hjilcmthrcs K hrlhzcmhlcmtk dc prkdutks hjilcmthrcs é ulh prcknuphïîk nklul æs vèrihs èrchs dk rhlk hjilcmthr, nklcïhmdk nkl k prkncssk prkdutivk, nbcohmdk æ distri`uiïîk c mk aimhj dh nhdcih, h ahsc nkmsulk, nklk é k nhsk dh rcsthurhïîk. Vkdcrè dizcr-sc quc tkdhs csths cthphs tçl imìnik mk prkncssk dc hrlhzcmhlcmtk, ku scgh, mh rcncïîk dhs lhtérihs prilhs, quc mcstc nhsk cl phrtinujhr sîk prkdutks hjilcmthrcs c quc dcvcl scr nkmscrvhdks c hnkmdinikmhdks hdcquhdhlcmtc phrh shjvhouhrdhr hs dcvidhs nkmdiïócs dc bioicmc c durh`ijidhdc dks prkdutks.

K csphïk dc hrlhzcmhlcmtk hrlhzcmhlcmtk Hs imsthjhïócs dc hrlhzcmhocl dc prkdutks hjilcmthrcs dcvcl scr nkmnc`idhs dc akrlh h pkssi`ijithr ul ajuxk nkmtìmuk dhs kpcrhïócs c ul mìvcj dc bioicmizhïîk cl nkmdiïócs dc kpcrhnikmhjidhdc hdcquhdhs æ nklcrnihjizhïîk dc hjilcmtks scourk Hprcscmthlks, dc akrlh silpjcs c sunimth, hs primniphis nhrhntcrìstinhs quc ul hrlhzél dc prkdutks hjilcmthrcs dcvc rcumir7

 „ Jknhj arcsnk c scnk5  „ Jknhj `cl hrcghdk c ijulimhdk5  „ Qcmtijhïîk prþprih c imdcpcmdcmtc imd cpcmdcmtc dhs kutrhs èrchs5  „ Èrch suainicmtc phrh k hnkmdinikmhlcmtk dc tkdks ks prkdutks c iskjhdh

dh zkmh dc prkncsshlcmtk dks prkdutks5

 

 

 „ Tctks, phrcdcs c phvilcmtk jilpks c cl `kl csthdk dc nkmscrvhïîk5  „ Hs csthmtcs nkl prhtcjcirhs rclkvìvcis c ahnijlcmtc jhvèvcis5  „ Csphïk prktcoidk nkmtrh imsctks c rkcdkrcs5  „ Krohmizhdk pkr tipk dc prkdutks.

H rcncïîk dks prkdutks7 Ks prkdutks hjilcmthrcs dcvcl scr rcncnikmhdks mul csphïk prþprik, dcvidhlcmtc idcmtiainhdk c scphrhdk dhs rcsthmtcs èrchs. Trhthmdk-sc dc ulh zkmh mh quhj ks prkdutks dcvcl scr lhmtidks k lìmilk tclpk pkssìvcj, cxistcl hjoums hspctks h tcr cl nkmth7  „ H rcncïîk dhs lcrnhdkrihs dcvcrè, prcacrcmnihjlcmtc, scr rchjizhdh, dc

lhmbî ku hk aimhj dh thrdc, c h èrch dc rcncïîk dcvc scr lhmtidh hrrulhdh c cl þtilhs nkmdiïócs dc bioicmc5

 „  É ilpkrthmtc quc mk jknhj dc rcncïîk dks prkdutks cstcghl sclprc

dispkmìvcis c hncssìvcis hjoums lhtcrihis c cquiphlcmtks, this nklk7 lciks l ciks phrh trhmspkrthr hs lcrnhdkrihs, dcvidhlcmtc jilpks, skmdhs dc tclpcrhturh c ainbhs dc vcriainhïîk phrh nkmtrkjhr ks prkdutks rcncnikmhdks5

 „  Dcvc nkmtrkjhr-sc sc ks prkdutks sc cmnkmtrhl mhs quhmtidhdcs

csth`cjcnidhs mh cmnklcmdh, `cl nklk h bioicmc c k csthdk dc nkmscrvhïîk dhs cl`hjhocms dhs cl`hjhocms cl nkmthntk dirctk nkl k prkdutk.

 

 

 „  Dcvc vcriainhr-sc h cxistçmnih dc simhis quc imdiqucl h prcscmïh dc

hocmtcs imacsthmtcs, ku sugidhdcs quc pksshl nklprklctcr h quhjidhdc dks prkdutks, h prcscmïh dc nkmthlimhmtcs quìlinks, prkvcmicmtcs dk nkmthntk nkl k vcìnujk, h nkmakrlidhdc dh rktujhocl c hs nhrhntcrìstinhs krohmkjétinhs dks prkdutks5

 „ K rcspkmsèvcj dk hprkvisikmhlcmtk dcvc himdh, vcriainhr hs nkmdiïócs dc

bioicmc dk vcìnujk dc trhmspkrtc c h tclpcrhturh h quc ks prkdutks trhmspkrthdks. Mk aimhj, hpþs k hrlhzcmhlcmtk dhs lcrnhdkrihs, dcvc jilphr-sc h zkmh dc rcncïîk5

Vrimnìpiks `èsinks mk hrlhzcmhlcmtk dks prkdutks7 K tipk dc hrlhzcmhlcmtk dc prkdutks hjilcmthrcs é luitk vhrièvcj, pkis pkdc dcpcmdcr dc vèriks ahtkrcs, this nklk, h aimhjidhdc dks lcslks, sc sîk phrh scr prkncsshdks ku nkmsulidks dircthlcmtc pcjk nkmsulidkr aimhj, sc mcncssithl dc rcariocrhïîk ku nkmocjhlcmtk ku dc hnkrdk nkl k scu prhzk dc vhjidhdc.

Vrimnìpiks `èsinks mk hrlhzcmhlcmtk dc prkdutks hjilcmthrcs7

 „ Lhtérihs prilhs ouhrdhdhs cl èrchs diacrcmtcs dhs dc prcphrhïîk dks

hjilcmtks. ^c mîk cxistircl èrchs diacrcmtcs dcvc cxistir ulh divisîk. Vkr cxclpjk, ks hjilcmtks prcphrhdks dcvcl scr nkjknhdks mh phrtc supcrikr dk ariokrìaink c hs lhtérihs-prilhs mh phrtc imacrikr5

 

 

 „ Vrkdutks nkjknhdks cl prhtcjcirhs dc lhtcrihj jhvèvcj, rcsistcmtc c mîk

tþxink, quc distcl, pcjk lcmks h 06 nl dk phvilcmtk5  „ Vrhzks dc vhjidhdc dks prkdutks vcriainhdks, krohmizhmdk ks lcslks dc

akrlh h nkmsulir cl prilcirk juohr ks lhis hmtioks5  „ Hjilcmtks sugks nkjhdks pkr `hixk c ks hjilcmtks jilpks pkr nilh5  „ Ahnijithïîk dh idcmtiainhïîk c rkthïîk dks prkdutks5  „ Dcvcl cxistir csphïks phrh ahnijithr h nirnujhïîk dc hr, h jilpczh c cvithr

h imacsthïîk pkr rkcdkrcs c ku kutrhs prhohs, `cl nklk prcvcmir k dcscmvkjvilcmtk dc `kjkrcs c kdkrcs5  „  Ks prkdutks h scrcl dcvkjvidks lhmtidks cl jknhj prþprik c

dcvidhlcmtc hssimhjhdk.

Mk àl`itk dk hrlhzcmhlcmtk dc prkdutks, cxistcl cspcniainidhdcs nkmakrlc k tipk dc hjilcmtks quc sc prctcmdc hrlhzcmhr.

 

 

4.  Vrkncdilcmtks dc krohmizhïîk c prkduïîk dc ulh phstcjhrih/phdhrih

K su`sctkr dh Vhmiainhïîk c Vhstcjhrih, æ sclcjbhmïh dc kutrks su`sctkrcs dh imd÷strih horkhjilcmthr, tcl ul hjtk orhu dc htklizhïîk, nkl prcdklìmik dhs clprcshs dc rcduzidk thlhmbk. Mk nkmgumtk dhs clprcshs dcstc su`sctkr phrtiniphmtcs mk cstudk csth rchjidhdc cstè `cl cvidcmtc, nkmsththmdk-sc h cxistçmnih dc ulh cjcvhdh pjurhjidhdc dc prkdutks hnh`hdks nklk rcsujthdk dh divcrsidhdc dc lhtérihs-prilhs, dc imorcdicmtcs c dc prkncssks dc ah`rink utijizhdks, lcslk cmtrc clprcshs quc sc dcdinhl æ prkduïîk dh lcslh tipkjkoih dc prkdutk aimhj. ^îk cxclpjks dc prkdutks hnh`hdks7 pîk arcsnk5 pîk nkmocjhdk5 phstcjhrih arcsnh5 `kjks scnks5 `kjks hmivcrsèriks5 phstcjhrih nkmocjhdh5 dkïhrih rcoikmhj5 shjohdks „ clphdhs5 shjohdks „ quinbcs c tkrths5 shjohdks - rissþis c akjbhdks5 nklidh pré-nkzimbhdh c lhsshs nkmocjhdhs. Dc scouidh hprcscmthl-sc hjoulhs dhs nkmnjusócs quc pcrlitcl nhrhntcrizhr, himdh quc dc lkdk ocmérink, h kriocl dks ajuxks dc lhtérihsprilhs c prkdutks hnh`hdks dhs clprcshs dk su`sctkr dh Vhmiainhïîk c Vhstcjhrih.

H. ^k`rc Jhykut Hs clprcshs dk sctkr tçl hk jkmok dks hmks prknurhdk h diacrcmnihïîk, lhs nkl h prcssîk dh orhmdc distri`uiïîk c k mcoþnik dh nklcrnihjizhïîk c

 

 

dc distri`uiïîk dc lhtérihs-prilhs nhdh vcz lhis nkmncmtrhdk, h tcmdçmnih é bhvcr lhikr umiakrlizhïîk dc prkdutks c prkncssks. K jhykut csquclètink c ks ajuxks hnilh hprcscmthdks rcprcscmthl ulh clprcsh dc ah`rink dc pîk c `kjks scnks. Hjél dh èrch dc rcncïîk dc lhtérihs-prilhs c lhtcrihis dc cl`hjhocl cxistc ul nhis dc cxpcdiïîk cvithmdk-sc nkmthlimhïócs nruzhdhs. K Hrlhzél dc Lhtérihs-Vrilhs scrvc hs èrchs dc phmiainhïîk c phstcjhrih cxistimdk duhs shjhs dc prcphrhïîk dc rcnciths distimths. H zkmh dc ah`rink dc

pîk

é

nklpksth

pkr

cquiphlcmtks

nklk

hlhsshdcirhs,

diviskrh/pcshdkrh, tcmdcirh/lcsh dc tcmdcr c scouc k ajuxk a juxk quc phssh pcjh acrlcmthïîk c tcrlimh mh nkzcdurh cl akrmks quc aumnikmhl a umnikmhl h oès c/ku h pcjjcts. Cxistc ulh zkmh dc hrrcacnilcmtk dc pîk c ulh èrch dc ahtihocl c cl`hjhlcmtk, mcssh èrch „ kpcm sphnc „ sîk thl`él cl`hjhdhs cl kutrh lèquimh ks `kjks scnks. Ks prkdutks cl`hjhdks houhrdhl mh èrch dc cxpcdiïîk hté scrcl cxpcdidks. Cxistc ulh èrch dc prkduïîk dc phstcjhrih nkl `htcdcirh, hlhsshdkrh c dcpksithdkrh hjél dc ul akrmk cjétrink. Nklpjclcmthrlcmtc csth umidhdc tcl èrchs hdlimistrhtivhs, nklcrnihj, èrchs sknihis c èrchs ténminhs dc hpkik.

 

 

 

 

@. Lhtérihs-prilhs utijizhdhs

Mk quc rcspcith æs lhtérihs-prilhs mk su`sctkr dh phmiainhïîk c phstcjhrih, h cslhohdkrh lhikrih dhs clprcshs rcnkrrc h akrmcncdkrcs cxtcrmks phrh hdquirir hs lhtérihs-prilhs quc utijizh mh prkduïîk, pkdcmdk ulh ku kutrh lhtérih-prilh scr prkvcmicmtc dc prkduïócs prþprihs (pkr cxclpjk aruths). K prkncssk dc scjcïîk dc akrmcncdkrcs é hssil ul prkncssk luitk ilpkrthmtc phrh h cslhohdkrh lhikrih dhs clprcshs dcstc su`sctkr.

N. Ajuxks dc lhtérihs-prilhs c prkdutks Nklk cxclpjk lcrhlcmtc ijustrhtivk hprcscmthlks ulh Vhmiainhdkrh tipk c k prkncssk dc ah`rink dc pîk. Htuhjlcmtc, ks prkdutkrcs/distri`uidkrcs dc ahrimbh c kutrks prkdutks dc phdhrih rcnkrrcl, rcorh ocrhj, h trhmspkrthdkrcs phrh cmtrcoh dc prkdutks cl nkmdiïócs nkmtrkjhdhs. H rcncïîk dc LV c lhtérih su`sidièrih dcvc scr acith mk nhis dc rcncïîk r cncïîk nkl hncssk rcstritk. Dcpkis dc nkmtrkjhdhs, hssil nklk hs nkmdiïócs dc trhmspkrtc, hs lhtérihsprilhs c su`sidièrihs sîk hrrulhdhs cl zkmhs dc hrlhzcmhlcmtk hprkprihdhs. Vkdcmdk scr k`gctk dc hrlhzcmhlcmtk cl nàlhrhs dc rcariocrhïîk (cx.7 acrlcmtk). Cl shjh hprkprihdh é acith h pcshocl c prcphrhïîk dc rcnciths, pkdcmdk ks imorcdicmtcs scr hdinikmhdks lhmuhjlcmtc ku htrhvés dc ul sistclh hutklètink h phrtir dc sijks/rcscrvhtþriks.

 

 

H hlhsshdurh, divisîk, pcshocl c kpcrhïîk dc tcmdcr sîk rchjizhdhs hk jkmok dh jimbh prkdutivh pkr kpcrhdkrcs cspcnihjizhdks nkl hpkik dc cquiphlcmtks cspcnìainks. Vrkncdc-sc cl scouidh æ acrlcmthïîk c hpþs csth h lhssh é cmnhlimbhdh phrh akrmks, nugh akmtc cmcroétinh é vhrièvcj, kmdc sc prkncdc æ nkzcdurh dc pîk. K hrrcacnilcmtk rcqucr ul pcrìkdk dc tclpk lìmilk dc 80 bkrhs dc akrlh h cvithr rcsskhlcmtks. K ahtihlcmtk c cl`hjhlcmtk sîk acitks hpþs hrrcacnilcmtk dk pîk, scmdk prètinh nklul mh lhikrih dhs umidhdcs ah`ris scr cxpcdidk dc scouidh.

 

 

3.  Distri`uiïîk c nklcrnihjizhïîk

Htuhjlcmtc, pkunks sîk ks sctkrcs dc htividhdc nkl ìmdincs dc nrcsnilcmtk cnkmþlinks imtcrcsshmtcs c nkl rctkrmks dc imvcstilcmtk hsscourhdks. Ks `cms hjilcmthrcs dc prilcirh mcncssidhdc, pcjh suh k`riohtkricdhdc mk nkmsulk dièrik, ahzcl dh phdhrih ul imvcstilcmtk nkl rcsujthdks pksitivks. Gè k dithdk rcjioiksk ‚K pîk mkssk dc nhdh dih“ rcacrc quc k pîk é, dc  ahtk,

k hjilcmtk dk Bklcl7 dc kmtcl, dc bkgc c dc hlhmbh, rclctcmdk csth imd÷strih phrh ulh pksiïîk privijcoihdh mh cnkmklih htuhj, rcnklcmdhmdkh nklk ulh hpksth dc auturk, ul mcoþnik dc suncssk. Mîk akssc k pîk k hjilcmtk lhis nkmsulidk mk lumdk, ul `cl csscmnihj æ vidh c hk dih-hdih dhs ahlìjihs. Hmtcs dc lhis, é ilpkrthmtc h`krdhr k sctkr cl Vkrtuohj c mk lumdk. Cl`krh cxisthl luiths cspcniainidhdcs c vhrièvcis, su`sistcl pkmtks nklums cl tkdh h nujturh dc phmiainhïîk lumdihj. Csth imd÷strih dividc-sc, csscmnihjlcmtc, cl 4 scolcmtks primniphis7 •

  orhmdcs umidhdcs dc phmiainhïîk, cspcnihjizhdhs mk ah`rink, distri`uiïîk c nklcrnihjizhïîk dc dctcrlimhdk tipk dc prkdutks, imtcrlédiks ku aimhis. Orhmdcs aè`rinhs dc pîk cl`hjhdk, pré-nkzidk ku cl lhssh, dc `kjks, `kjhnbhs, `isnkitks, imd÷strih dc nkmocjhdks, ctn.

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  lédihs c pcqucmhs umidhdcs nkl ah`rink prþprik jknhj c nkl vcmdh dircth hk p÷`jink. Vhdhrihs, phstcjhrihs c nkmacithrihs. nkmaci thrihs.

 

 

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  pkmtks dc vcmdh nkl èrchs dc ah`rink jilithdhs, csthmdk privijcoihdhs pcjh suh jknhjizhïîk cstrhtéoinh. ^upcrlcrnhdks, jkghs dc nkmvcmiçmnih c kutrks.

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  kutrhs umidhdcs hjilcmthrcs quc nklpjclcmthl h suh htividhdc primniphj nkl k ah`rink dc prkdutks dc phdhrih c phstcjhrih. Bktéis, rcsthurhmtcs, shjócs dc nbè, ctn.

Mk sctkr dh phmiainhïîk c dh phstcjhrih, luitks nhsks dc suncssk sîk iminihdks mîk sþ pkr ul nkrrctk pjhmchlcmtk c pksinikmhlcmtk mk lcrnhdk, lhs thl`él pcjh vkmthdc c phixîk mh prcscrvhïîk dhs trhdiïócs, nujturhs rcoikmhis c hté lcslk dc sh`crcs jknhis. Qcghlks k nhsk dk pîk dc `houctc krioimèriks dhs nhlphmbhs dc Mhpkjcîk scoumdk hjoums bistkrihdkrcs ku dk phstcj dc mhth vimdk dks nkmvcmtks c lkstcirks pkrtuoucscs ku hté lcslk dks `isnkitks quc, nkzidks 0 vczcs (gumïîk dc ‚`is“ c ‚nuit“) scrvihl phrh hnklphmbhr k nbknkjhtc c kutrks

dkncs, sîk prkdutks nugh trhdiïîk vimoku c quc sîk bkgc aiourhs prcscmtcs mk mkssk quktidihmk. Kutrks nhsks dc suncssk hdvçl dh nhphnidhdc phrh h nrihïîk dc mkvks nkmncitks dc mcoþnik nklk hs clphdhs quc, kutrkrh aciths sklcmtc æ `hsc dc nhrmc, htuhjlcmtc sîk rcnbchdhs nkl vcocthis, lhrisnks c kutrks hjilcmtks quc pcrlitcl htimoir dctcrlimhdks minbks dc lcrnhdk. ^clprc mulh `hsc dc diacrcmnihïîk dc prkdutk. Hs kpkrtumidhdcs cxistcl, mcncssithlks cmnkmtrè-jhs, pcrnc`ç-jhs c, pkr vczcs, nriè-jhs hmtcniphmdk-sc hk lcrnhdk prkpkmdk mkvks prkdutks, mkvks nkmsulks.

 

 

Hjél dissk, akrlhl-sc mkvhs tcmdçmnihs sknihis, nujturhis c thl`él cnkmþlinhs quc, lhis thrdc ku lhis ncdk, imajucmnihrîk h trhmsakrlhïîk c h nrihïîk dc mkvhs tipkjkoihs dc d c prkdutks imdk hk cmnkmtrk dcsshs lcslhs tcmdçmnihs.

 

 

1.  Mkrlhs dc bioicmc c scourhmïh

É rcnklcmdhdk quc hs clprcshs dk sctkr dh rcsthurhïîk c silijhrcs ilpjclcmthl k ^istclh dc Ocstîk dc ^courhmïh Hjilcmthr - ^O^H, k quhj é cmtcmdidk nklk ul nkmgumtk dc prètinhs dc ocstîk, quc ilpjinh k cmvkjvilcmtk dc tkdks quc trh`hjbhl mh clprcsh cl cstrcith nkkpcrhïîk c quc pcrlitc h ohrhmtih dc prkdutks cjku scrviïks scourks, dc akrlh h shtisahzcr hs mcncssidhdcs c cxpcnthtivhs dks nkmsulidkrcs. K cmvkjvilcmtk dc tkdh h krohmizhïîk c h imtcr-rcjhïîk cmtrc ks divcrsks su`sistclhs cxprcsshl ul nkmgumtk dc simcroihs c k`gctivks nklums quc sc trhduzcl mh quhjidhdc c mh lcjbkrih nkmtìmuh dh prþprih nujturh krohmizhnikmhj dh clprcsh. K ^istclh dc Ocstîk dc ^courhmïh Hjilcmthr hsscmth aumdhlcmthjlcmtc cl quhtrk cstruturhs `cl dcaimidhs7 prcvcmïîk, cvidçmnih k`gctivh, h`krdhocl pkr prkncssks c h`krdhocl sistclètinh. Æ sclcjbhmïh dc kutrks sistclhs dc ocstîk dh quhjidhdc, mklchdhlcmtc ks quc scoucl h Mkrlh Imtcrmhnikmhj I^K 9668, k ^istclh dc Ocstîk dc ^courhmïh Hjilcmthr é ul sistclh dimàlink quc hsscmth mh lctkdkjkoih VDNH (VjhmDk-Nbcne-Hnt / VjhmchrIlpjclcmthr-Qcriainhr-Hoir), aknhjizhdh mh lcjbkrih nkmtìmuh dks prkdutks cjku scrviïks (hjilcmthrcs), dks prkncssks c dh prþprih krohmizhïîk. H ilpjclcmthïîk dk ^istclh dc Ocstîk dc ^courhmïh Hjilcmthr Hjil cmthr pcrlitc hs clprcshs dk sctkr dh rcsthurhïîk c silijhrcs prkduzir c dclkmstrhr quc sc prkduz dc akrlh cainhz prkdutks cjku scrviïks hjilcmthrcs scourks, quc vîk

 

 

dc cmnkmtrk æs cxpcnthtivhs dks njicmtcs c quc nulprcl tkdks ks rcquisitks rcoujhlcmthrcs. Cstc é ul prkncssk nkmtìmuk c dimàlink, quc dcvc scr hvhjihdk pcrikdinhlcmtc, vcriainhmdk sclprc sc ks k`gctivks prkpkstks pcjh clprcsh cstîk ku mîk h scr nulpridks. Hjoums k`gctivks hjlcghdks pcjh ilpjclcmthïîk dk ^istclh dc Ocstîk dc ^courhmïh Hjilcmthr sîk7 - Ohrhmtir h k`tcmïîk dc prkdutks hjilcmthrcs scourks5 - Csth`cjcncr jimbhs dc hïîk phrh tkdh h clprcsh5 - Dctcthr mh clprcsh ks sctkrcs lhis susnctìvcis cl rcjhïîk æ qucstócs dk àl`itk dc scourhmïh hjilcmthr5 - Lcjbkrhr tkdks ks nirnuitks dc akrlh h ohrhmtir h prkduïîk dc hjilcmtks scourks c hulcmthr h cainènih dc tkdk k prkncssk5 - Cmvkjvcr tkdks ks nkjh`krhdkrcs c imncmtivhr h suh lktivhïîk5 - Lcjbkrhr h nkluminhïîk (imtcrmh c cxtcrmh) dh clprcsh - Hsscourhr h htuhjizhïîk dc tkdk k sistclh5 - Dilimuir k m÷lcrk dc rcnjhlhïócs c hulcmthr h nkmaihmïh c h shtisahïîk dks nkmsulidkrcs5 - Lcjbkrhr h ilhocl dh clprcsh c k rcnkmbcnilcmtk p÷`jink. Hs mkrlhs, rcorhs, prkncdilcmtks c imstruïócs dc `khs prètinhs dc bioicmc c scourhmïh hjilcmthr dcvcl scr nkmsthmtclcmtc cxcnuthdhs durhmtc k prkncssk dc hprkvisikmhlcmtk, ulh vcz quc h phrtir dk lklcmtk quc hs lhtérihs-prilhs hjilcmthrcs sîk rcncnikmhdhs hté æ suh distri`uiïîk imtcrmh phrh hs cthphs dc prcphrhïîk / nkmacïîk cxistc lhmipujhïîk dks oémcrks hjilcmtìniks pkr phrtc dks kpcrhdkrcs cmvkjvidks mcstc prkncssk.