Manual de Escatologia. Dwight Pentecost

 

 

I. @wlkbt ]cftcadst, Pb.@. Gnfunj `c csantdjdkçn Sf nfîjlsls `ctnjjn`d `c jds cvcftds. euturd C`ltdrlnj Ul`n Prn`uaalñf9 Anrjds Dsvnj`d Anr`dsd Pb.G. Qcglfnrld Hçhjlad ]njnhrn]lftd, `c Ul`n

 

Csanfcn`d pdr Qnf`rn www.scgcn`dr.fct  Fucstrds jlhrds cjcatrñflads cjcatrñflads cstîf `lspd `lspdflhjcs flhjcs `c edrgn krntultn, krntultn, adf cj Cj ùflad prdpñsltd `c dercacr ufn jcaturn c`lelanftc n td`ds nqucjjds quc fd puc`cf  pcrgltlrsc adgprnr. Ql tlcfc prlvljcklds elfnfalcrds, utljlac fucstrn adjcaalñf sdjd pnrn cvnjunalñf y, sl jd `cscn, hcf`lkn n jds nutdrcs, c`ltdrcs y jlhrcrçns adgprnf`d jds jlhrds. Qcghrn`drns `c jn ]njnhrn jlhrds cjcatrñflads cvnfkìjlads Çf`lac  ................................................... .......................................... . ................................................. ........ ....... 3  Adftrnpdrtn`n ............................................... .................................................. ....... 5  @c`lanalñf ................................................. .................................................. Nkrn`calglcftds................................................. .................................................. Nkrn`calglcftds................................................. .................................................. 5 5  ]rcenald ................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ............ 2  ]rcenald n jn C`lalñf Hrnsljcþn .............................................. .............................................. ................................ ................................ >=  >=   ]rlgcrn Qcaalñf - Jn lftcrprctnalñf `c jn prdecaçn .................................... >>  Anpçtujd L - Jds gìtd`ds `c lftcrprctnalñf ........................................... ........................................... .............. >>  >>   Anpçtujd 8 - Jn blstdrln `c jn lftcrprctnalñf ........................................... .................. .................. 1=  1=   Anpçtujd 1 - Adfsl`crnaldfcs kcfcrnjcs sdhrc jn lftcrprctnalñf ............................... 38  38  Anpçtujd 0 - Jn lftcrprctnalñf `c jn prdecaçn ........................................... ................ 55  55  QCKSF@N QCAALÑF - Adfvcflds hçhjlads y csantdjdkçn ....................... 31 >31      PCXACXN QCAAL QCAALÑF ÑF - Jns prdecaçns `c jn crn natunj .......................... . .............................. ..... >555= - J Jnn tcdrçn `cj rnptd pnralnj .......................................... ... 8=0  8=0  Anpçtujd >> - J Jnn tcdrçn `cj rnptd pdstcrldr n jn trlhujnalñf ....................... 8>0  8>0  Anpçtujd >8 - J Jnn tcdrçn `cj rnptd gcsdtrlhujnaldflstn ....................... 81>  81>   Anpçtujd >1 - Jn tcdrçn `cj rnptd nftcs `c jn trlhujnalñf ................... ..... .............. 802  802  Anpçtujd >0 - Cvcftds pnrn jn lkjcsln `cspuìs `cj rnptd .......... 828  828   ASNXPN QCAALÑF - Jns prdecaçns `cj pcrçd`d `c trlhujnalñf ................... 83 - Jn . ......................................... ................. ....... 8< - Jds kcftljcs cf jn trlhujnalñf ........................................... ................. 10   .................... 510  510  Anpçtujd 1= - N`drnalñf cf cj gljcfld ........................................... .................... Anpçtujd 1> - Jn rcjnalñf cftrc jds snftds vlvds y jds snftds rcsualtn`ds cf cj  cj   gljcfld ................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .......... . ......... 532  532  Qìptlgn Qcaalñf - Jns prdecaçns `cj cstn`d ctcrfd ....................... . .............................. ........ 5;5   Anpçtujd 18 - ]]rcpnrnalñf rcpnrnalñf pnrn cj rclfd ctcrfd ......................................... ..... 5;5  5;5 

 

Anpçtujd 11 - Fucvn Icrusnjìf, jn alu`n` acjcstlnj ......................................... .. 5 

Adftrnpdrtn`n @lds, cj Arcn`dr `c td`ns jns adsns, bn trntn`d `c njcrtnrfds sdhrc sus pjnfcs. Adf cstc elf, fds rcvcjñ sus `lscþds cf `ctnjjc cf jn Hlhjln. @n`n jn lgpdrtnfaln `c jn  prdecaçn cf jns Csarlturns, sc bbnf nf puhjlan`d guabds jlhrds cxa cxacjcftcs cjcftcs sdhrc cj tcgn. Bnstn nbdrn, slf cghnrkd, cj trntnglcftd t rntnglcftd `c jn prdecaçn bn sl`d npdjdkìtlad d cxpdsltlvd, scpnrn`d `c su rcjnalñf adf cj prdkrngn prdeìtlad cf su adfiuftd. Krnf  pnrtc `c fucstrd fucstrd adfdalglcftd sd sdjd jd bn sl`d ernkgcftnrld y `cs `csadfcatn`d. adfcatn`d. Cj gdfugcftnj trnhnid `cj ]rdecsdr I. @wlkbt ]cftcadst, Gnfunj `c Csantdjdkçn , jjcfn cstc vnaçd. Cs ufn dhrn prdeuf`n y cquljlhrn`n, cf jn aunj cj nutdr slftctlzn td`n prdecaçn cf ufn `datrlfn hçhjlan uflelan`n, slstcgîtlan y adgpjctn. Cj  prdecsdr Idbf E. [njvddr`, dtrd cglfcf cglfcftc tc cxpcrtd cf csantdjdkçn csantdjdkçn hçhjlan, `ca `cajnrñ jnrñ quc "_...W. Cj trnhnid cf su adfiuftd gcrcac scr ajnslelan`d adgd uf adgpcf`ld `c csantdjdkçn ajîslan c lftckrnj, y adgd tnj `chcrçn scrvlr n fucstrn kcfcrnalñf `urnftc guabds nþds". `c . Csantdjdkçn cs ufn n`lalñf hlcfvcfl`n n jn hlhjldtcan `cj pnstdr, Cj Gnfunj scglfnrlstn, cru`ltd cf kcfcrnj y tnghlìf `c krnf nyu`n pnrn aunjqulcr pcrsdfn lftcrcsn`n cf `dglfnr cj tcgn rcjcvnftc `c jn prdecaçn hçhjlan. I. @wlkbt ]cftcadst cs `datdr cf tcdjdkçn y prdecsdr cgìrltd cf cj Qcglfnrld Pcdjñklad cf @njjns, Pcxns, Cstn`ds Sfl`ds. Cs nutdr `c vnrlds jlhrds, njkufds yn  puhjlan`ds cf Hrnslj.   @c`lanalñf  ]nrn gl ngn`n y `cvdtn CQ]DQN, CQ]DQN, elcj adgpnþcrn cf cj glflstcrld `c jn ]njnhrn, cstc trnhnid cstî `c`lan`d necatudsngcf necatudsngcftc. tc. Nkrn`calglcftds Jds tlcgpds cf quc vlvlgds sdf tcstlkds `c ufn djn `c lftcrìs cf jn csantdjdkçn  hçhjlan. Ql uf tcñjdkd tcñjdklfvcrsn d csarlhlñ bna bnacc ufn`cj kcfcrnalñf9 kcfcrnalñf csantdjdk csantdjdkçn çn kcfcrnjgcftc sc sc ngn cf prdpdralñf nj aun`rn`d `lîgctrd9 "Jn gcftnj `c qulcfcs jn ngnf" ([njtcr XNSQABCFHSQB,  N tbcdjdky edr tbc sdalnj kdspcj, p. 8==), rcadgpcfsnrî cf krnf gc`l`n jds cseucrzds rcnjlzn`ds cf ìj, tnftd cf jn vl`n lf`lvl`unj adgd cf jn vl`n `c jn Lkjcsln. Anrjds Dsvnj`d ]lftd @canfd Qcglfnrld Hçhjlad ]njnhrn `c Ul`n

 

]rlgcrn Qcaalñf - Jn lftcrprctnalñf `c jn prdecaçn prdecaç n  Anpçtujd L - Gìtd`ds `c lftcrprctnalñf l ftcrprctnalñf  Lftrd`uaalñf   Lftrd`uaalñf @c jns guabns prckuftns quc cfercftn cj cstu`ldsd `c jn csantdjdkçn, flfkufn flfkufn cs gîs lgpdrtnftc quc jn `cj gìtd`d cgpjcn`d cf jn lftcrprctnalñf `c jns Csarlturns  prdeìtlans. Jn n`dpalñf n`dpalñf `c `lecrcf `lecrcftcs tcs gìtd`ds `c lftcrprctnalñf bn pprd`ual`d rd`ual`d jns `lvcrsns pdslaldfcs csantdjñklans csantdjñklans y cxpjlan jns `lecrcftcs adfacpaldfcs `c an`n slstcgn cf `csneçd nj cstu`lnftc `c prdecaçn. Jns `lecrcfalns hîslans cftrc jns csaucjns  prcgljcflnj y ngljcflnj ngljcflnj y cftrc jds `cecfs `cecfsdrcs drcs `cj rnptd pprc-trlhujnalñf rc-trlhujnalñf y jns `cj fnaldfnjlsgd pdst-trlhujnalñf sdf bcrgcfìutlans, `crlvn`ns `c jn n`dpalñf `c gìtd`ds `c lftcrprctnalñf `lvcrkcftcs c lrrcadfaljlnhjcs. Jn prckuftn euf`ngcftnj cftrc prcgljcflnjlstns y gljcflnjlstns euc ajnrngcftc `celfl`n pdr Njjls, qulcf csarlhc9 Sfn `c jns anrnatcrçstlans gîs jjngntlvns `c jn prc Cj gljcfnrlsgd cf td`ns sus edrgns cs jn ajnvc pnrn jn lftcrprctnalñf jltcrnj `c jns Csarlturns. Cj rcajngd adfstnftc `c sus `cecfsdrcs cs quc sdjd aunf`d sc lftcrprctn nj  plc `c jn jctrn rcalhc rcalhc jn Hlhjln alcrtd lftcrprctnalñf? y `cfufalnr gc kustn "csplrltlstns" y "njckdrlstns" sdf nqucjjds quc quc fd lftcrprctnf jn Csarlturn Csarltu rn adf cj glsgd krn`d `c jltcrnjl`n` quc jn usnf.  Fn`lc bnac cstn cstn nausnalñf g gîs îs nku`ngcf nku`ngcftc tc quc jds `lsp `lspcfsnaldfnjls cfsnaldfnjlstns. tns. Jn aucstlñf `c jn lftcrprctnalñf jltcrnj vcrsus jd elkurntlvd cs, pdr jd tnftd, njkd quc `chc adfsl`crnrsc `cs`c cj prlfalpld _ìfensls nkrckn`dW (Dswnj` P. NJJLQ, ]rdpbcay nf` tbc aburajl, p. >;.) Aunf`d NJJLQ rcadfdac quc "jn lftcrprctnalñf jltcrnj slcgprc bn sl`d uf scjjd `lstlftlvd `cj prcgljcflnjlsgd" (Lhl`., ]. 800. Ae. p. 5, 8>2, 88;, 808, 835, cf cj quc dtrns rcecrcfalns n jn lftcrprctnalñf jltcrnj npnrcacf adgd jn hnsc `c  prcgljcflnjlsgd.) ìj cstî cstî `c naucr`d ad adff Eclfhcrk, qu qulcf lcf csarlhc9 ... sc puc`c `cgdstrnr quc jn rnzñf pdr jn aunj jn lkjcsln prlgltlvn euc prcgljcflnj euc  pdrquc lftcrprctñ jn ]njnhrn ]njnhrn jltcrnjgcftc, glcftrns quc nhnf`dfnr nhnf`dfnr cstc puftd `c vlstn vlstn cf jds slkulcftcs slkjds `c blstdrln sc ntrlhuyc `lrcatngcftc nj anghld `c gìtd`d `c lftcrprctnalñf, adgcfznf`d adgcfznf`d adf Drçkcfcs cf pnrtlaujnr. (Abnrjcs J. ECLFHCXK, ]rcgljcflnjlsgd d ngljcflnjlsgd, p. 3>.) Bngljtdf nelrgn9 @chc n`gltlrsc ernfangcftc quc jn lftcrprctnalñf jltcrnj `c jns jn s prdecaçns `cj Nftlkud Pcstngcftd prcscftn cj csacfnrld `c uf rclfd tcrrcfnj tcrr cfnj `cj Gcsçns adgd jd prdpuslcrdf jds prcgljcflnjlstns. Cstc crn cj tlpd `c rclfd gcslîflad quc jds iu`çds `c jn ìpdan `c Arlstd cspcrnhnf,  hnsn`d cf ufn ufn lftcrprctnalñf jjltcrnj ltcrnj `c jns prdgcsns `cj Nftlkud Pcs Pcstngcftd. tngcftd. Crn cj tlpd `c rclfd `cj quc bnhjnhnf jds sn`uacds aunf aunf`d `d rl`laujlznhnf jn l`cn `c jn rcsurrcaalñf `cj aucrpd, snanf`d `cj Qcþdr jn `cajnrnalñf gîs ajnrn `c jns j ns anrnatcrçstlans `c jn crn vcfl`crn quc tcfcgds cf cj Fucvd Pcstngcftd, aunf`d jcs `lid quc adgctlcrdf crrdrcs  pdrquc fd snhçnf snhçnf fl jns Csar Csarlturns lturns fl cj pd`cr `c @lds (Gt 88.851-;0, cf cj aunj sc dhscrvnf gìtd`ds tnjcs adgd bnjîilad, bnkî`lad, njckñrlad, gçstlad, adfaljlntdrld, gdrnj, fnturnjlstn, gçtlad, npdjdkìtlad, `dkgîtlad c blstñrlad-krngntlanj). @ds gìtd`ds adf lfejucfaln vltnj cf jn csantdjdkçn9 njckñrlad c blstñrlad-krngntlanj. Cj gìtd`d jltcrnj kcfcrnjgc kcfcrnjgcftc ftc sc

 

adfsl`crn slfñflgd `cj gìtd`d blstñrlad-krngntlanj y sc utljlznrî n jd jnrkd `c cstc `chntc. Cstds `ds gìtd`ds scrîf adfsl`crn`ds `c acran. L. Cj gìtd`d njckñrlad  njckñrlad  Sf nftlkud gìtd`d `c lftcrprctnalñf l ftcrprctnalñf quc bn cxpcrlgcftn`d uf rcfnalglcftd cf jds ùjtlgds tlcgpds cs cj gìtd`d njckñrlad. N. Jn `celflalñf `cj gìtd`d gìtd`d njckñrlad . Nfkus y Krccf `celfcf njckdrçn `c jn slkulcftc gnfcrn9 Aunjqulcr `cajnrnalñf `c prcsuftds bcabds quc nacptc Qlf cghnrkd, jn lftcrprctnalñf jltcrnj, quc rcqulcrc d slgpjcgcftc n`gltc jn lftcrprctnalñf gdrnj d elkurntlvn, sc jjngn njckdrçn. \ pnrn jn fnrrntlvn d pnrn jn blstdrln, quì sdf jns elkurns rctñrlans pnrn jns pnjnhrns slgpjcs, nþn`lcf`d nj scftl`d jltcrnj `c jds tìrglfds cgpjcn`ds uf scftl`d gdrnj d csplrltunj. N vcacs jn njckdrçn cs purn, cs `calr, slf rcecrcfaln `lrcatn n su npjlanalñf, adgd cf jn blstdrln `cj blid  prñ`lkd. N vcacs sc gczajn, adgd adgd cf cj QQnjgd njgd 2=, cf cj quc slgpjcgcftc sc sc lgpjlan (v. >;) quc jds iu`çds sdf jns pcrsdfns quc jn vl` prctcf`c rcprcscftnr. (Idscpb NFKSQ y Qngucj K. KXCCF, Cj gnfunj `c jn Hlhjln, pnks.  pnks. 88=.) Xngg `celfc `celfc cj gìtd`d njckñrlad `c jn slkulcftc gnfcrn9 "Jn njckdrlznalñf cs cj gìtd`d `c lftcrprctnalñf `c uf tcxtd jltcrnrld adfsl`crnf`d cj scftl`d jltcrnj adgd uf vcbçaujd pnrn uf scftl`d scauf`nrld, gîs csplrltunj y gîs prdeuf`d". XNGG, dp. alt., p.8>.) Cf cstc gìtd`d, cj slkflelan`d blstñrlad cs fckn`d d `csaul`n`d, y cj ìfensls rcanc adgpjctngcftc cf uf scftl`d scauf`nrld, `c gd`d quc jns  prlgcrns pnjnhrns cvcftds gnfcrn9 tlcfcf pdad d flfkùf slkflelan`d. Erltsab rcs rcsugc ugc cstc  pcfsnglcftd `c jn dslkulcftc Qckùf cstc gìtd`d, cj slkflelan`d jltcrnj c blstñrlad `c jns Csarlturns sc `csaul`n pdr adgpjctd, y an`n pnjnhrn y cvcftd sc trnfsedrgn cf ufn njckdrçn `c njkùf tlpd, tl pd, pnrn csanpnr `c jns `lelaujtn`cs tcdjñklans, pnrn npdynr alcrtns arccfalns rcjlkldsns cxtrnþns ... (Abnrjcs P EXLPQAB, Plpdjdkçn hçhjlan, Hlhjldtbcan Qnarn, >=09 8>5, 8>5, nhrlj `c >. Cj prlgcr krnf pcjlkrd `cj gìtd`d njckñrlad cs quc fd lftcrprctn jns Csarlturns. Pcrry `lac9 ... sc `nrî aucftn lfgc`lntngcftc `c quc su bîhltd cs @csprcaln cj slkflelan`d adgùf `c jns pnjnhrns y `n njns n td`d tlpd `c cspcaujnaldfcs cspcaujnaldf cs `c enftnsçn. Fd cxtrnc cj scftl`d jckçtlgd `cj jcfkunic `c uf nutdr, pcrd lfscrtn cf ìj td`d t d`d tlpd `c cxtrnvnknfaln d enftnsçn quc uf lftìrprctc l ftìrprctc puc`n `cscnr. Adgd slstcgn, pdr jd tnftd, vn gîs njjî `c td`ds jds prlfalplds y jcycs hlcf `celfl`ds. (PCXX\, dp. Alt., ]îk. 880.) Nfkus y Krccf cxprcsnf cj glsgd pcjlkrd aunf`d aun f`d csarlhcf9 Bny jlhcrtn` ljlgltn`n pnrn jn enftnsçn, cs suelalcftc nacptnr cj prlfalpld, y jn ùflan  hnsc `c jn cxpdslalñf cxpdslalñf sc cfaucftrn cf jn gcftc `cj cxpdsltdr. cxpdsltdr. CJ csqucgn fd cfalcrrn flfkufn lftcrprctnalñf  adrrcatngcftc fdghrn`d, nufquc sc puc`cf ljustrnr njkufns vcr`n`cs vnjldsns. (NFKSQ \ UCX@C, jda. Alt.) 8. Jn altn nftcrldr tnghlìf prcvì uf sckuf`d krnf pcjlkrd cf cj gìtd`d njckñrlad9 jn nutdrl`n` hîslan `c lftcrprctnalñf yn fd cs jn Hlhjln y sc adfvlcrtc cf jn gcftc `cj lftìrprctc. Jn lftcrprctnalñf puc`c scr `lstdrsldfn`n pdr jns pdslaldfcs `datrlfnjcs `datrlfnjcs `cj

 

lftìrprctc, pdr jn nutdrl`n` `c jn lkjcsln n jn quc pcrtcfcac, pdr su cftdrfd sdalnj y anpnaltnalñf, d pdr ufn gujtltu` `c enatdrcs. Icrdgc ... sc qucin `c quc cj cstljd `c cfscþnfzn gîs crrñfcd cs adrrdgpc cj slkflelan`d `c jn Csarlturn y nrrnstrn su cxprcslñf rcnaln n fucstrn  prdpln vdjuftn`, prd`ualcf`d prd`ualcf`d glstc glstcrlds rlds hçhjlads eucrn `c `c fucstrn prdpln lgnklfnalñf (Np. E[ ENXXNX, Blstdrln `c jn lftcrprctnalñf, p. 818.) Enrrnr nkrckn9 ... Aunf`d sc nacptn cj prlfalpld `c njckdrçn, aunf`d adgcfzngds n `cgdstrnr quc  pnsnics cftcrds cftcrds y jlhrds `c jns Csarlturns `lacf njkd quc fd qulcrcf qulcrcf `calr, cj jcatdr cs cftrckn`d ntn`d n jds anprlabds `cj lftìrprctc (Lhl`., ]. 812.). 1. Sf tcracr pcjlkrd lgpdrtnftc adf cj gìtd`d njckñrlad cs quc fd bny edrgn `c  prdhnr jns adfajusldfcs adfajusldfcs `cj lft lftìrprctc. ìrprctc. Xngg, altn`d nf nftcrldrgcftc, tcrldrgcftc, nelrgn9  Fd puc`c cstnr sckurd sckurd `c fn` fn`nn cxacptd ``cc jd quc `latn`n pdr jn lkjcsln, y cf td`ns jns c`n`cs jn nutdrl`n` `c jn Jn "lkjcsln" bn sl`d enjsngcftc rcajngn`n pdr jn prcsuftudsn tlrnfçn `c jns enjsns dplfldfcs `dglfnftcs. (Lhç`cg) \ nkrckn9 ... nelrgnf quc cj slkflelan`d prlfalpnj `c jn Hlhjln cs uf slkflelan`d scauf`nrld y quc cj gìtd`d prlfalpnj `c lftcrprctnalñf cs cj Jn "csplrltunjlznalñf" cs nhrlr jn pucrtn n jn lgnklfnalñf y jn cspcaujnalñf  prîatlangcftc `cscfercfn`ns. `cscfercfn`ns. ]d ]drr cstn rnzñf, lfslstlgds cf quc cj adftrdj cf jn lftcrprctnalñf sc cfaucftrc alt, p. scscftn y alfad.) cf cj gìtd`d jltcrnj (XNGG, dp. Njjls, qulcf cs uf `cecfsdr `cj gìtd`d njckñrlad cf cj angpd `c jn csantdjdkçn, rcadfdac quc cxlstc cstc pcjlkrd y quc cj gìtd`d `c lftcrprctnalñf njckñrlan sc utljlzn  pnrn pcrvcrtlr jns Csarlturns, Csarlturns, aunf`d `lac9 `lac9 Ql jn lftcrprctnalñf elkurntlvn d "csplrltunj" `c uf pnsnic pnrtlaujnr cstî c stî iustlelan`n d fd `cpcf`c `c sl prdpdraldfn cj vcr`n`crd slkflelan`d slkflelan`d d fd. Ql sc usn pnrn vnalnr jns  pnjnhrns `c su slkflelan`d ajn ajnrd rd y dhvld, prlvîf` prlvîf`djns djns `c su ajnrn ajnrn lftcfalñf, cftdfacs jn njckdrlznalñf d jn csplrltunjlznalñf sdf tìrglfds `c gcrcal`n pcydrnalñf. p cydrnalñf. (NJJLQ, dp. Alt, p. >2) ]dr jd tnftd, jds krnf`cs pcjlkrds lfbcrcftcs lfbcrcftcs n cstc slstcgn sdf jn cjlglfnalñf jn nutdrl`n` `c jn Csarlturn, Csarlt urn, jn enjtn `c euf`ngcftds pnrn `ctcrglfnr jns lftcrprctnaldfcs, jn rc`uaalñf `c jn Csarlturn n jd quc pnrcac rnzdfnhjc pnrn cj lftìrprctc y, pdr jd tnftd, jn lgpdslhljl`n` `c ufn vcr`n`crn lftcrprctnalñf `c jn Csarlturn. Pcstngcftd gcftd . ]nrn iustlelanr cj usd `cj gìtd`d A. Cj usd `c jn njckdrçn cf cj Fucvd Pcstn njckñrlad, n gcfu`d sc nrkugcftn quc cj Fucvd Pcstngcftd jd cgpjcn, cgpj cn, pdr jd quc sdjd  puc`c scr uf gìtd`d `c lftcrpr lftcrprctnalñf ctnalñf iustlelanhjc. >. Cf prlgcr juknr, sc bnac rcecrcfaln n Kîjntns 098> 1>, cf cj aunj ]nhjd glsgd bnhrçn usn`d cj gìtd`d njckñrlad. Cf aunftd n cstc supucstd usd `c njckdrçn, Enrrnr dhscrvn9 ... njckdrçn quc `c njkufn gnfcrn sc nscgcin n jns `c ]bljd, d jn `c jds pn`rcs, d jn `c jds csadjîstlads, sdjd puc`d cfadftrnr ufn cf cj Fucvd Pcstngcftd Pcstngcftd _Knj 09 8>1>W. ]uc`c bnhcr sl`d utljlzn`d pdr ]nuj adgd uf slgpjc nrkugcftd n` bdglfcg? `c flfkufn gnfcrn cs cscfalnj pnrn cj nrkugcftd? fd tlcfc ufn pnrtçaujn `c eucrzn `cgdstrntlvn y, n`cgîs, `cin lftnatn jn blstdrln rcnj. Qlf cghnrkd, aunjqulcrn quc scn fucstrn dplflñf sdhrc cj pnsnic, jn npnrlalñf `c ufn njckdrçn cf jn cpçstdjn `c ]nhjd fd snfaldfn jn npjlanalñf uflvcrsnj `cj gìtd`d, fl  pdans njusldfcs `cj Fucvd P Pcstngcftd cstngcftd  Bnkn`n _ * nsdaln`ns Adfiuftd `c iu`çns fnrrntlvns c lftcrprctntlvns, njkufns `c cjjnsnjckcf`nrlns, adftrn`laldfcs fnrrntlvns `cj

 

Nftlkud Pcstngcftd. (F. `d P.)W fd fds dhjlknf n nacptnr td`ns jns Gl`rnsblg _ ** lftcrprctnaldfcs rnhçflans cf jns quc sc prdpuslcrdf slkflelan`ds scauf`nrlds y csdtìrlads pnrn jds pnsnics `cj Nftlkud Pcstngcftd. (F. `d P.)W rnhçflad, fl slqulcrn ufns pdans altns `c pdctns krlckds pruchnf jn nutdrl`n` `lvlfn `c jds csarltds pnknfds ... (ENXXNX, dp. alt., p. xxlll) Kljhcrt, slkulcf`d jn glsgn jçfcn, adfajuyc9 @cs`c quc ]nhjd njckñrlangcftc cxpjlañ uf cvcftd blstñrlad cf cj Nftlkud Pcstngcftd, pnrcac prdhnhjc quc nacptñ jn  pdslhljl`n` `c npjlanr npjlanr cj prlfalpld `c nnjckdrçn jckdrçn cf dtrn pnrtc? slf cghnrkd, cj bcabd bcabd `c quc sus anrtns fd gucstrcf dtrn ljustrnalñf l justrnalñf lfcquçvdan `c jn njckdrçn gucstrn quc fd slftlñ quc eucrn nprdpln`d `csnrrdjjnr cj scftl`d njckñrlad `c jn Csarlturn, d, gîs  prdhnhjcgcftc, quc quc cf kcfcrn kcfcrnjj cstnhn gîs adgpjnal`d adgpjnal`d `c dercacr su su jcatdrcs cj slkflelan`d drlklfnj slgpjc `cj tcxtd. (Kcdrkc B. Kljhcrt, Jn lftcrprctnalñf `c jn  Hlhjln, p. 28) Adf rcspcatd nj usd `cj gìtd`d pdr dtrds nutdrcs `cj Fucvd Pcstngcftd, Enrrnr adfajuyc9 Jn gcidr tcdrçn iu`çn, purlelan`n cf cj arlstlnflsgd, tdgn jltcrnjgcftc jns cfscþnfzn cfscþnfznss `c jn nftlkun `lspcfsnalñf, pcrd vc cf cjjns, adgd ]nhjd, jn sdghrn y cj kcrgcf `c `csnrrdjjds euturds. Jn njckdrçn, nufquc euc utljlzn`n ufn vcz pdr ]nhjd adgd ufn ljustrnalñf pnsnicrn, cs `csadfdal`n pnrn dtrds npñstdjcs y fufan euc snfaldfn`n pdr Arlstd. (ENXXNX, dp. Alt., ]. 8>;.) @chcgds fdtnr aul`n`dsngcftc aul`n`dsngcftc quc cf Kîjntns 09 8>-1> ]nhjd fd cstî usnf`d cj gìtd`d njckñrlad `c lftcrprctnalñf l ftcrprctnalñf `cj Nftlkud Pcstngcftd,  pcrd cstî cxpjlanf`d cxpjlanf`d ufn njckdr njckdrçn. çn. Qdf `ds adsns adgpjctngcf adgpjctngcftc tc `lecrcftcs. Jns Csarlturns cstîf jjcfns `c njckdrçns, yn scnf tlpds, scnf sçghdjds, scnf pnrîhdjns. Cstds sdf gc`lds nacptn`ds y jckçtlgds `c adguflanr cj pcfsnglcftd. Fd rcqulcrcf r cqulcrcf uf gìtd`d njckñrlad `c lftcrprctnalñf, quc fcknrçn cj nftcac`cftc jltcrnj c blstñrlad y usnrçn jn njckdrçn sdjd adgd uf trngpdjçf pnrn jn lgnklfnalñf `cj lftìrprctc. ]dr cj adftrnrld, rcqulcrcf uf tlpd cspcalnj `c bcrgcfìutlan quc sc adfsl`crnrî gîs n`cjnftc. Cj usd `c njckdrçns, slf cghnrkd, fd cs ufn iustlelanalñf pnrn usnr cj gìtd`d njckñrlad `c lftcrprctnalñf. 8. Cj sckuf`d nrkugcftd pnrn iustlelanr cj gìtd`d njckñrlad cs cj usd `c tlpds cf cj  Fucvd Pcstngcftd. Pcstngcftd. Qc snhc qquc uc cj Fucvd Pcstngcftd bnac ufn npjlan npjlanalñf alñf tlpdjñklan `cj Nftlkud. Hnsn`d cf cstd, sc nrkugcftn quc cj Fucvd Pcstngcftd cgpjcn cj gìtd`d njckñrlad `c lftcrprctnalñf, njcknf`d quc jn lftcrprctnalñf y cj usd `c tlpds adfstltuycf cj gìtd`d njckñrlad `c lftcrprctnalñf. Njjls nrkugcftn9 N pcsnr `c quc jds `lspcfsnaldfn `lspcfsnaldfnjlstns jlstns sdf jltcrnjlstns cxtrcgds, tnghlìf sdf lfadfslstcftcs.. Qdf jljltcrnjlstns lfadfslstcftcs tcrnjlstns aunf`d lftcrprctnf jn prdecaçn. Cf jn j n lftcrprctnalñf `c jn blstdrln, slf cghnrkd, jjcvnf cj prlfalpld `c tlplelanalñf t lplelanalñf n uf cxtrcgd quc rnrn vcz sc njanfzn lfajusd pdr cj njckdrlstn gîs nr`lcftc (NJJLQ, dp. Alt., ]. 8>) Cf rcspucstn n jn nausnalñf `c quc lftcrprctnr tlpds cs usnr cj `c jd njckñrlad, `chcgds cfentlznr quc jn lftcrprctnalñf `c jds tlpds fd cs jd glsgd quc jn lftcrprctnalñf njckñrlan. Jn cecatlvl`n` `cj tlpd `cpcf`c `c Lftcrprctnalñf jltcrnj `cj nftcac`cftc jltcrnj. ]nrn adguflanr vcr`n`cs cf cj angpd csplrltunj, adf cj quc fd cstngds engljlnrlzn`ds, `chc bnhcr lfstruaalñf cf uf angpd quc adfdzangds, `c gd`d quc, nj trnfsecrlr njkd jltcrnjgcftc vcr`n`crd cf cstc angpd,  pd`ngds nprcf`c nprcf`cr cs pd vcr`n`crd angpd @ch @chcc^ulcf bnhcr njckuc uf pnrnj pnrnjcjlsgd jltcrnj cftrc cj tlpdr yjdcjquc nftltl nftltlpd pnrn quccfcjcjtlpd tcfknnftcrldr. njkùf vnjdr. cjcjlsgd tlpd

 

fufan jjcknrî n jn vcr`n`crn lftcrprctnalñf. Jn ùflan edrgn `c `lsacrflr cj slkflelan`d `cj tlpd cs trnfselrlcf`d l`cns jltcrnjcs `c jd fnturnj n jd csplrltunj. Abnecr csarlhc adrrcatngcftc9 Cf cj cstu`ld `c njckdrçns `c vnrlds tlpds, cs `calr, pnrîhdjns, tlpds y tdrtns slg, cj lftìrprctc `chc tcfcr aul`n`d `c fd trntnr adf `cajnrnaldfcs ajnrns cf jns Csarlturns `c naucr`d adf jd quc sc rcqulcrc `cj jcfkunic anrnatcrçstlad `c jns cxprcsldfcs elkurntlvns. Sfn vcr`n` yn cxprcsn`n gcrcac scr rcabnzn`n cf cstc puftd9 cxlstc td`n jn `lecrcfaln cf cj guf`d cftrc lftcrprctnr ufn njckdrçn `c jn Csarlturn, pdr uf jn`d, y njckdrlznr uf pnsnic jltcrnj, pdr cj dtrd. (Xdjjlf P. ABNECX, Jn alcfaln `c jn bcrgcfìutlan hçhjlan, p. 2=.) Qc `c`uac, pdr jd tnftd, quc cj usd `c tlpds cf jn Csarlturn fd snfaldfn cj gìtd`d njckñrlad `c lftcrprctnalñf. LL Cj gctd`d jltcrnj  jltcrnj  Cf dpdslalñf `lrcatn nj gìtd`d njckñrlad `c lftcrprctnalñf cstî cj gìtd`d jltcrnj d blstñrlad-krngntlanj. N. Jn `celflalñf `cj gìtd`d gìtd`d jltcrnj. Cj gìtd`d jltcrnj `c Jn lftcrprctnalñf cs jd quc `n n an`n pnjnhrn cj glsgd slkflelan`d hîslad y cxnatd quc tcf`rçn cf su usd bnhltunj, fdrgnj, adtl`lnfd, cgpjcn`d `c edrgn csarltn, drnj d adfacptunj. (XNGG, dp. Alt., ]. 31) Qc jjngn uf gìtd`d blstñrlad-krngntlanj pnrn cfentlznr cj adfacptd `c quc cj slkflelan`d `chc `ctcrglfnrsc n trnvìs `c adfsl`crnaldfcs blstñrlans y krngntlanjcs. (Ae. `c Pbdgns BnrtwcjjCsarlturns, BDXFC, L,Sfn lftrd`uaalñf nj cstu`ld arçtlad y adfdalglcftd jns Qnkrn`ns 188.  ) Xngg `celfc cj gìtd`d `c jn slkulcftc gnfcrn9 Cj slkflelan`d bnhltunj y sdalnjgcftc rcadfdal`d `c ufn pnjnhrn cs cj slkflelan`d jltcrnj `c csn pnjnhrn. Cj slkflelan`d "jltcrnj" `c ufn pnjnhrn cs su slkflelan`d sdalnj hîslad, bnhltunj. Cj slkflelan`d csplrltunj u daujtd `c ufn pnjnhrn d cxprcslñf cs jd quc `crlvn `cj slkflelan`d jltcrnj y `cpcf`c `c ìj pnrn su cxlstcfaln. Lftcrprctnr jltcrnjgcftc fd slkflelan fn`n gîs, fn`n gcfds quc lftcrprctnr cf tìrglfds `c slkflelan`d fdrgnj y bnhltunj.  Aunf`d cj gnfusarltd anghln su slkflelan`d, cj lftìrprctc anghln lfgc`lntngcftc su gìtd`d `c lftcrprctnalñf. (XNGG, dp. Alt., ]. 50) H. Jn cvl`cfaln n envdr `cj gìtd`d jltcrnj   .. Qc puc`c prcscftnr cvl`cfaln sñjl`n cf npdyd `cj gìtd`d jltcrnj `c lftcrprctnalñf. l ftcrprctnalñf. Xngg rctlrn uf rcsugcf adgpjctd. Ìj `lac9 Cf `cecfsn `cj cfedquc jltcrnj, pd`cgds nrkugcftnr quc n) Cj slkflelan`d jltcrnj `c jns drnaldfcs cs cj cfedquc fdrgnj cf td`ds jds l`ldgns _...W  h) Pd`ns jns `lrcaaldfcs `lrcaaldfcs scau scauf`nrlns f`nrlns `c `daugcftds, `daugcftds, Jns pnrîhdjns, jds tlpds, jns njckdrçns y jds j ds sçghdjds `cpcf`cf, pnrn su prdpln cxlstcfaln, `cj slkflelan`d jltcrnj nftcrldr `c jds tìrglfds _...W a) Jn gnydr pnrtc `c jn Hlhjln tlcfc tl cfc scftl`d sl sc tdgn jltcrnjgcftc. `) Cj cfedquc jltcrnjlstn fd cjlglfn alckngcftc jns elkurns `cj bnhjn, sçghdjds, njckdrçns y tlpds? slf cghnrkd, sl jn fnturnjczn `c jns ernscs nsç jd rcqulcrc, sc prcstn eîaljgcftc nj sckuf`d scftl`d. c) Cstc gìtd`d cs cj ùflad ercfd snfd y sckurd pnrn jn lgnklfnalñf `cj bdghrc. e) Cstc gìtd`d cs cj ùflad quc cs adfslstcftc adf jn fnturnjczn. `c kulñ lfsplrnalñf Jn lfsplrnalñf adgpjctn `c jns`cj Csarlturns Qnftd n jds bdghrcs n jn vcr`n` y jds njciñ crrdr. cfscþn quc cj Cspçrltu

 

Cf cstc prdacsd, cj Cspçrltu `c @lds usñ cj jcfkunic, y jns ufl`n`cs `cj jcfkunic (adgd slkflelan`d, fd adgd sdfl`d) sdf pnjnhrns y pcfsnglcftds. Cj pcfsnglcftd cs cj bljd quc ufc jns pnjnhrns. ]dr jd tnftd, fucstrn prdpln cxìkcsls `chc adgcfznr adf uf cstu`ld `c jns pnjnhrns y jn krngîtlan, jds `ds cjcgcftds euf`ngcftnjcs euf`ngcftnjcs `c td`d jcfkunic slkflelantlvd. (Lhl`., ]. 30ss) @n`d quc @lds dtdrkñ su ]njnhrn adgd ufn rcvcjnalñf nj bdghrc, tcf`rçn quc cspcrnr n quc su rcvcjnalñf sc `lcrn `c gnfcrn tnf  prcalsn y cspcaçelan cspcaçelan quc sus pcfsnglcftds ppu`lcrnf u`lcrnf scr adguf adguflan`ds lan`ds y cft cftcf`l`ds cf`l`ds adrrcatngcftc aunf`d sc lftcrprctnrnf `c naucr`d adf jns jcycs `cj jcfkunic `c krngîtlan. Pdgn`d adgd cvl`cfaln, cstn supdslalñf envdrcac jn lftcrprctnalñf jltcrnj, pdrquc uf gìtd`d njckñrlad `c lftcrprctnalñf l ftcrprctnalñf fuhjnrçn cj slkflelan`d `cj gcfsnic cftrckn`d pdr @lds nj bdghrc. Cj bcabd `c quc jns Csarlturns sc rcelcrcf adftlfungcftc n lftcrprctnaldfcs jltcrnjcs y n jd quc sc csarlhlñ nftcrldrgcftc slrvc adgd pruchn n`laldfnj `cj gìtd`d quc sc utljlznrî pnrn lftcrprctnr jn ]njnhrn. ^ulzîs ufn `c jns  pruchns gîs sñjl`ns sñjl`ns n envdr `c `cjj gìtd`d jltcrnj cs ccjj usd quc bn bnac ac cj Fucvd Pcstngcftd Pcstngcftd `cj Nftlkud. Aunf`d cj Nftlkud Pcstngcftd sc usn cf cj Fucvd, sdjd sc usn cf scftl`d jltcrnj. Cs suelalcftc cstu`lnr jns j ns prdecaçns quc sc augpjlcrdf cf jn prlgcrn vcfl`n `c Arlstd, cf su vl`n, cf su glflstcrld y cf su gucrtc, pnrn prdhnr cstc bcabd. Fl ufn sdjn prdecaçn, cftrc jns quc sc bnf augpjl`d adgpjctngcftc, sc bn augpjl`d `c dtrn gnfcrn quc fd scn jn jltcrnj. (Ae. ECLFHCXK, dp. Alt., ]. 1;,>2), 8.>;,>2), d pnrn gdstrnr qu qucc uf cvcftd cstî cstî cf nrgdfçn adf cj pjnf prccstnhjca prccstnhjcal`d l`d `cfl@lds cf Bcabds >3), cstd fd fcacsnrld cj augpjlglcftd fd jltcrnj flckn(adgd cj augpjlglcftd adgpjctd cfbnac cj euturd, yn quc tnjcs npjlanaldfcs `c prdecaçn fd nkdtnf su augpjlglcftd. ]dr jd tnftd, cstns rcecrcfalns n jn prdecaçn fd sdf nrkugcftds pnrn uf gìtd`d fd jltcrnj. Cf hnsc n cstns adfsl`crnaldf adfsl`crnaldfcs, cs, pd`cgds adfajulr quc bny cvl`cfaln pnrn npdynr jn vnjl`cz `cj gìtd`d jltcrnj `c lftcrprctnalñf. Qc prcscftnrîf gîs pruchns n envdr `cj gìtd`d jltcrnj cf cj slkulcftc cstu`ld sdhrc jn blstdrln `c jn lftcrprctnalñf. A. Jns vcftnins `cj gìtd`d jltcrnj  jltcrnj   .. Bny alcrtns vcftnins cf cstc gìtd`d quc jd bnacf prcecrlhjc n jd njckñrlad. Xngg rcsugc njkufds `c cjjds9 n) Hnsn jn lftcrprctnalñf cf bcabds. Husan cstnhjcacrsc sdhrc `ntds dhictlvds9 krngîtlan, jñklan, ctlgdjdkçn, blstdrln, kcdkrneçn, nrqucdjdkçn, tcdjdkçn _...W   h) rcnjlznr sdhrc jn lftcrprctnalñf lftcrprctnalñf `c uf adftrdj adftrdj nfîjdkd nj quc tlcfc cxpcrlcfaln cf cj gìtd`d alcftçelad _...W jn iustlelanalñf cs cj adftrdj `c jns lftcrprctnaldfcs. Aunjqulcr adsn quc fd sc niustc n jds aîfdfcs `cj gìtd`d jltcrnj-aujturnj-arçtlad jltcrnj -aujturnj-arçtlad `chc scr rcabnzn`n d vlstn adf sdspcabn. N`cgîs, cstc gìtd`d dercac jn ùflan supcrvlslñf adfelnhjc pnrn jn ngcfnzn adfstnftc `c npjlanr ufn lftcrprctnalñf `c `dhjc slkflelan`d n jns Csarlturns _...W a) Bn tcfl`d cj gnydr ìxltd nj cxpdfcr jn ]njnhrn `c @lds. Jn cxìkcsls fd adgcfzñ cf scrld bnstn quc jn lkjcsln tcfçn gîs gîs `c uf gljcfld  y gc`ld. Adf cj jltcrnjlsgd `c Jutcrd y Anjvlfd, jn juz `c jn Csarlturn jltcrnjgcftc sc sc cfacf`lñ ... Cstc cs cj gìtd`d najngn`d `c jn trn`lalñf `c njtn csaucjn `cj  prdtcstnftlsgd adfscrvn`dr. adfscrvn`dr. Cs cj gìtd`d `c Hruac, Jlkbteddt, Ynbf, Ynbf, NP Xdhcrtsdf, Cjjladtt, Gnabcf, Arcgcr, Pcrry, Enrrnr, Jnfkc, Krccf, Dcbjcr, Qabnee, Qngpcy, [ljsdf, Gdujc, ]crdwfc, Bcf`crsdf Hrdn`us, Qtunrt, pdr fdghrnr sdjd njkufds cxìkctns tçplads. (XNGG, dp. Alt, pîk. 58-1) N`cgîs `c `c cstns vcftnins, pd`cgds nkrcknr quc `) fds prdpdraldfn ufn nutdrl`n`  hîslan n trnvìs trnvìs jn aunj sscc puc`cf cvnjunr cvnjunr jns lftcrprct lftcrprctnaldfcs naldfcs lf`lvl`unjcs. Cj gìtd`d gìtd`d

 

njckñrlad, quc `cpcf`c `cj cfedquc rnaldfnjlstn `cj lftìrprctc d `c jn adfedrgl`n` adf uf slstcgn tcdjñklad prc`ctcrglfn`d, fds `cin slf ufn vcrlelanalñf `c hnsc nutdrlzn`n. Cf cj gìtd`d jltcrnj, uf pnsnic `c jn Csarlturn sc puc`c adgpnrnr adf dtrd,  pdrquc, adgd jn ]njnhrn `c @lds, @lds, tlcfc nutdrl`n` y cs cj cstîf` cstîf`nr nr pdr cj aunj td`n jn vcr`n` `chc scr prdhn`n. Cf cstc scftl`d, pd`cgds dhscrvnr quc c) cj gìtd`d fds jlhcrn tnftd `c jn rnzñf adgd `cj glstlalsgd adgd rcqulsltds `c lftcrprctnalñf.  Fd cs fcacsnrld fcacsnrld `cpcf`cr ``cc jn anpnaltna anpnaltnalñf lñf d jn anp anpnal`n` nal`n` lftcjcatu lftcjcatunj, nj, fl `cj `csnrrdjjd `c jn pcracpalñf gçstlan, slfd `c jn adgprcfslñf `c jd quc cstî csarltd cf uf scftl`d adgùfgcftc nacptn`d. nacptn`d. Qdjd sdhrc cstn hnsc puc`c cj jcatdr prdgc`ld adgprcf`cr c lftcrprctnr jns Csarlturns pdr sç glsgd. @. Cj gìtd`d jltcrnj y cj jcfkunic jcfkunic elkurntlvd . Pd`ds rcadfdacf quc jn Hlhjln cstî jjcfn `c jcfkunic elkurn`d. Cf hnsc n cstd, guabds N vcacs sc nelrgn quc cj usd `cj jcfkunic elkurntlvd rcqulcrc ufn lftcrprctnalñf elkurntlvn. Qlf cghnrkd, jns elkurns rctñrlans rct ñrlans sc utljlznf adgd uf gc`ld pnrn rcvcjnr vcr`n`cs jltcrnjcs. Jd quc cs jltcrnjgcftc jltcr njgcftc alcrtd cf uf angpd, adf cj quc cstngds engljlnrlzn`ds, sc trnfspdfc jltcrnjgcftc n dtrd angpd, adf cj quc pd`cgds fd cstnr tnf engljlnrlzn`ds, pnrn cfscþnrfds njkd `c vcr`n` cf csc angpd gcfds adfdal`d. Klkdt ljustrn hlcf cstn rcjnalñf cftrc jn vcr`n` jltcrnj y cj jcfkunic elkurn`d9 Ql jns pnjnhrns sc usnf cf su slkflelan`d fnturnj y prlgltlvd, cj slkflelan`d quc cxprcsnf cs su slkflelan`d jltcrnj cstrlatd.  ]dr dtrd jn`d, kcfcrnjgcftc sl sc usnf adfsc ufjjngn slkflelan`d elkurn`d y `crlvn`d, scftl`d,aunf`d nufquc td`nvçn cs jltcrnj, gctneñrlad d elkurntlvd. ]drcjcicgpjd, jccgds cf Iunf >.5 "Bnhçn uf bdghrc _...W quc sc jjngnhn Iunf", cs dhvld quc jds j ds tìrglfds utljlzn`ds njjç sc tdgnf cstrlatn y eçslangcftc, yn quc cj csarltdr bnhjn `c uf bdghrc rcnj, auyd fdghrc rcnj crn Iunf. ]dr dtrd jn`d, aunf`d Iunf Hnutlstn , scþnjnf`d n Icsùs, `lid9 "Nquç cstî cj Adr`crd `c @lds" (If >.8;-2) Cf rcspucstn nj prlgcrd `c cstds nrkugcftds, cs fcacsnrld rcadfdacr cj usd hçhjlad `c jns elkurns rctñrlans. Adgd sc scþnjñ nftcrldrgcftc, jns elkurns rctñrlans sc puc`cf usnr pnrn cfscþnr vcr`n`cs jltcrnjcs `c ufn gnfcrn gîs vlhrnftc quc jns pnjnhrns adgufcs,  pcrd fd rcqulcrcf ufn lftcrprctnalñf njckñrlan. Adf rcspc rcspcatd atd nj sckuf`d nrkugcftd, nrkugcftd, nufquc sc rcadfdac quc @lds cs uf scr csplrltunj, jn ùflan edrgn cf quc pd`rçn rcvcjnr jn vcr`n` `c uf rclfd cf cj quc nùf fd bcgds cftrn`d scrçn cstnhjcacr uf pnrnjcjlsgd cftrc

csc cj rclfd cfnjcjrclfd quc `csadfdal`d, nbdrn vlvlgds.scNj tr nfsecrlr quc cs`cjltcrnjgcftc cf cjrclfd rclfdy adfdal`d fdstrnfsecrlr rcvcjnrî.njkd Cj bcabd quc @lds csalcrtd

 

csplrltunj fd rcqulcrc lftcrprctnalñf njckñrlan. Cs fcacsnrld `lstlfkulr cftrc jd j d quc cs csplrltunj y jd quc cstî csplrltunjlzn`d. Elfnjgcftc, adf rcspcatd n jn tcracrn dhicalñf, dhicalñf, nufquc sc rcadfdac quc cj Nftlkud Pcstngcftd cs prc`latlvd, y quc jd j d Fucvd `csnrrdjjn jd Nftlkud, jn pjcfltu` fd sc rcvcjn cf jd Fucvd n trnvìs `c jn njckdrlznalñf `c jd quc sc tlplelan cf cj Nftlkud? sc rcvcjn, gîs hlcf, pdr cj augpjlglcftd jltcrnj y pdr cj `csnrrdjjd `c jn vcr`n` jltcrnj `c jds tlpds. Cstds puc`cf cfscþnr jn vcr`n` jltcrnj, y cj usd `c tlpds cf cj Nftlkud Pcstngcftd fd cs adgpntlhjc adf cj gìtd`d njckñrlad `c lftcrprctnalñf. Eclfhcrk scþnjn pdr alcrtd9 jds csplrltlstns csplrltl stns pnrcacf pcfsnr quc, `chl`d n quc jn rcvcjnalñf jjckñ krn`unjgcftc, aunftd gîs rcalcftc cs jn prdecaçn d cj tcgn rcvcjn`d, gîs vnjldsds sdf. Jn rcvcjnalñf krn`unj fd tlcfc eucrzn pnrn `ctcrglfnr cj gìtd`d `c lftcrprctnalñf ... N`cgîs, ufn lftcrprctnalñf adrrcatn `c 8 Adrlftlds 1.5 fd necatn cf nhsdjutd fucstrn pdslalñf. Aunf`d ]nhjd `lac "jn jctrn gntn, pcrd cj Cspçrltu sc nacjcrn", fd cstî nutdrlznf`d jn lftcrprctnalñf csplrltunjlzn`drn `c jns Csarlturns. Ql cj jltcrnj gntn, ´Añgd fds `n @lds su gcfsnic `c tnj gnfcrn4 Cj slkflelan`d quc prctcf`c cj npñstdj cs cvl`cftcgcftc quc jn gcrn nacptnalñf nacptnalñf `c jn anrtn, slf jn ddhrn hrn `cj Cspçrltu Qnftd rcjnaldfn`n adf cjjn, adf`uac n jn gucrtc. (ECLFHCXK, dp. Alt., ]. 3=.) Anpçtujd 8 - Jn blstdrln `c jn lftcrprctnalñf  Adgd jn `lsputn hîslan cftrc cj prcgljcflnjlstn y cj ngljcflnjlstn cs bcrgcfìutlan, cs fcacsnrld rcvlsnr cj `csnrrdjjd `c jds `ds gìtd`ds bcrgcfìutlads cf jds quc `csanfsnf cstns `ds lftcrprctnaldfcs, cs `calr, `calr, cj jjltcrnj ltcrnj y cj njckñrlad, pnrn quc jn nutdrl`n` `cj gìtd`d jltcrnj puc`n scr elrgn`d   td`ds jds cstu`ldsds `c jn blstdrln `c jn L. `c jn lftcrprctnalñf CsCj ufadglcfzd bcabd kcfcrnjgcftc nacptn`d pdr bcrgcfìutlan quc jn lftcrprctnalñf adgcfzñ cf cj gdgcftd `cj rckrcsd `c Lsrncj `cj cxljld cf Hnhljdfln, hnid cj jl`crnzkd `c Czrn, adgd sc rcklstrn cf Fcbcgçns 2.>-2. Pnj lftcrprctnalñf euc fcacsnrln, prlfalpnjgcftc, prlfalpnjgcftc, `chl`d nj jnrkd pcrçd`d cf jn blstdrln `c Lsrncj aunf`d jn jcy gdsnlan euc djvl`n`n y `csaul`n`n. @csauhrlglcftd `c jds djvl`n`ds 'Bljqulns jlhrd `c jn jcy' j cy' `urnftc cj rclfn`d `c Idsçns jd adjdañ cf ufn  pdslalñf `cstnan`n `cstnan`n pdr uf ppcrçd`d crçd`d hrcvc, ssñjd ñjd pnrn scr djvl`n`d dtrn vvcz cz cf jds nþd nþdss `c cxljld. (Ae E[ Enrrnr, blstdrln `c jn lftcrprctnalñf, pnks.  pnks. 0;-2) Pnghlìf Pnghlìf crn fca fcacsnrld, csnrld,  pdrquc `urnftc cj cxljld jds iu`çds rc rccgpjnznrdf cgpjnznrdf cj l`ldgn fntlvd, cj bchr bchrcd, cd, adf cj nrngcd. Aunf`d rckrcsnrdf n su tlcrrn, jns Csarlturns sc bnhçnf vucjtd lflftcjlklhjcs pnrn cjjds (ae. Hcrfnr` ONGG, ] lftcrprctnalñf hçhjlan rdtuf`nftc, p. 8;.) Czrn tuvd quc cxpjlanr jns Csarlturns n jns pcrsdfns, nicfns c lf`csalernhjcs. l f`csalernhjcs. @leçaljgcftc pd`rçngds `u`nr `cj bcabd `c quc jn lftcrprctnalñf `c Czrn `c jd quc euc csarltd euc jltcrnj. LL Jn lftcrprctnalñf iu`çn `cj Nftlkud Pcstngcftd Cstn Pcstngcftd Cstn glsgn lftcrprctnalñf l ftcrprctnalñf jltcrnj euc uf scjjd `lstlftlvd `c jn lftcrprctnalñf `cj Nftlkud Pcstngcftd. Nj rcabnznr cj gìtd`d cstrlatngcftc jltcrnj `c lftcrprctnalñf, Icrdgc "jjngn n jn lftcrprctnalñf jltcrnj 'iu`çn', jd quc lgpjlan quc puc`c vdjvcrsc eîaljgcftc bcrìtlan, y rcltcrn`ngcftc nelrgn scr lfecrldr n 'csplrltunj'". ( ENXXNX, dp, alt , p 818) Npnrcftcgcftc, cf dplflñf `c Icrdgc, gìtd`d jltcrnj c lftcrprctnalñf iu`çn crnf slfñflgds. Cj rnhlflsgd cicralñ tnj `dglfld sdhrc jn fnalñf iu`çn `n`n jn uflñf `c jns nutdrl`n`cs snacr`dtnjcs snacr`dtnjcs y rcnjcs cf uf sdjd jlfnic. CJ Cj gìtd`d cgpjcn`d pdr cj rnhlflsgd `c jds csarlhns fd crn njckñrlad, slfd uf gìtd`d jltcrnj quc, cf su jltcrnjlsgd, vnaçnhn jn jcy `c td`ds sus rcqulsltds csplrltunjcs (ae. lhl`, 5=->). Nufquc adf`uid n adfajusldfcs enjsns, enjsns, cstd fd crn aujpn. `cj gìtd`d jltcrnj, pcrd `c jn npjlanalñf lfadrrcatn `cj gìtd`d nj cxajulr aunjqulcr dtrn adsn quc fd scn jn jctrn `c jd csarltd.`lac9 Hrlkks, `cspuìs `c rcsuglr jns trcac rckjns quc rckçnf jn lftcrprctnalñf rnhçflan,

 

Njkufns `c jns rckjns sdf cxacjcftcs y, cf vlstn `c jn jñklan prîatlan `c jn ìpdan, fd  puc`cf scr aucstldfn`ns. aucstldfn`ns. Cj `cecatd `c jn cxìkcsls rnhçflan fd cstnhn tnftd cf jns rckjns adgd cf su npjlanalñf, nufquc fd cs `leçalj `csauhrlr enjnalns tîaltns cf cjjns y nufquc fd dercacf suelalcftc prdtcaalñf adftrn jnpsds `c nrkugcftd _ìfensls nkrckn`dW. (Abnrjcs N. Hrlkks, Lftrd`uaalñf kcfcrnj nj cstu`ld `c jn Qnkrn`n Csarlturn, p. 01>) @chcgds adfajulr, n pcsnr `c td`ns jns enjnalns `cj rnhlflsgd iu`çd, quc jds iu`çds slkulcrdf uf gìtd`d jltcrnj `c lftcrprctnalñf. LLL. Cj jltcrnjlsgd `c jn crn `c Arlstd  Arlstd  j ds iu`çds N. Jltcrnjlsgd cftrc iu`çds. Cj gìtd`d `dglfnftc `c lftcrprctnalñf cftrc jds cf jn ìpdan `c Arlstd euc alcrtngcftc jltcrnj. Bdrfc pjnftcn jn prckuftn nsç9 Jn lftcrprctnalñf njckñrlan `c jns Qnkrn`ns Csarlturns fd puc`c prdhnrsc blstñrlangcftc adgd jn quc prcvnjcalñ cftrc jds iu`çds iu `çds `cj anutlvcrld  hnhljñflad? tngpdad sc sc puc`c prdhnr prdhnr quc crn adgùf cftrc jds iu`çds ccff jn ìpdan ``cc Arlstd y sus npñstdjcs. Nufquc jds dycftcs `cj Qnfc`rçf y `c Icsùs n gcfu`d rcaurrlcrdf nj Nftlkud Pcstngcftd, fufan `lcrdf flfkufn lf`lanalñf `c n`dptnr ufn lftcrprctnalñf njckñrlan? lfajusd Idsced fufan jd usn. Jds iu`çds pjntñflads pjnt ñflads cf Cklptd adgcfznrdf, cf cj prlgcr slkjd, n lgltnr n jds krlckds pnknfds, pnrn lftcrprctnr njckñrlangcftc cj Nftlkud Pcstngcftd. Eljd `c Njcinf`rçn sc `cstnañ cftrc jds iu`çds i u`çds quc prnatlanhnf cstc gìtd`d. Jd `celcf`c adgd njkd fucvd y bnstn nbdrn `csadfda `csadfdal`d l`d y, pdr csn rnzñf, lgpukfn`d pdr dtrds iu`çds.n]dr tnftd, Icsùs fufan cstuvd cf ufn sltunalñf cf jn quc sc vld dhjlkn`d n n`nptnrsc ufnjdadstugh adstughrc rc `dglfnftc `c lftcrprctnr jns Csarlturns njckñrlangcftc. Pnj gìtd`d fd sc usñ cf csc gdgcftd cftrc jds iu`çds, alcrtngcftc fd cftrc jds iu`çds cf ]njcstlfn, `df`c Icsùs vlvlñ y cfscþñ. Sfn lftrd`uaalñf nj cstu`ld arçtlad y nj adfdalglcftd a dfdalglcftd `c jns Qnkrn`ns Qnkrn`ns Csarlturns, L,  180) Jds gljcfnrlstns `c bdy cstîf cscfalnjgcftc `c naucr`d adf cstn pdslalñf. Ansc, uf ecrvlcftc `cecfsdr `cj ngljcflnjlsgd, rcadfdac9 (Ae. Ejdy` BNGLJPDF, Jn hnsc `c jn  ec gljcfnrln, p. 12-