Manual de Convenciones para El Levantamiento Geomorfológico - I.T.C.

 

HC@RA@HDC@AX \NYN AE EARN@WNFDA@WC KACFCYBCEØKDHC

 

Fdkuaeî`kae hungrcs  r.

 

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HC@RA@HDC@AX \NYN AE EARN@WNFDA@WC KACFCYBCEØKDHC

\CY= JAYFN@@ WJ. RAYXWN\\A@ YCIAYW N.RN@ ]QDGNF

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 Fdkuaeî`kae Hungrcs Ycmns

 

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WNIEN GA HC@WA@DGC

\YABNHDC……………………………………………………………………………. \YABNHDC………………………………………………………………… …………. 7 AXWYQHWQYN GAE D.W.H…………………………………………………………... 1 Fnpns kacfcrbceøkdhcs n`neætdhcs…..…………………………. 2 Fnpns kacfcrbceøkdhcs sd`tätdhcs….………………………….. 2 Fnpns kacfcrbceøkdhcs prnkfîtdhcs……………………….…. 2 \YCHAGDFDA@WC GA EARN@WNFDA@WC………………………………...... EARN@WNFDA@WC……………………………….........; ...; Q` fnpn insa tcpckrîbdhc………………….……………….; En d`tarpratnhdø` gatneengn ga ens dfîka`as…..………….: Ae eavn`tnfda`tc a` ae tarra`c……………………………. : Ae fnpac y ae d`bcrfa bd`ne……………………………….. 4 En d`bcrfnhdø` fcrbcka`ätdhn.………….. 4 Ens krn`gas u`dgngas fcrbcka`ätdhns. fcrbcka`ätdhns.…>< …>< AE HC@WA@DGC GA ECX FN\NX KACFCYBCEØKDHCX N@NEÆWDHCX……………………………………………………………………….. N@NEÆWDHCX………………………………………… …………………………….. >< > ‘ Fcrbckä`asds Fcrbckä`asds……………….…………………>< ……………….…………………>< 9 - Fcrbcastru Fcrbcastruhturns hturns / Edtceckæn….…………... >> 8 ‘ Fcrbcfatræn...……………………………….. >9 7 ‘ Fcrbchrc`ceckæn….………………………… >9 HC@WA@DGC GA ECX FN\NX KACFCYBCEØKDHCX XD@WÄWDHCX…...>8 Hcfpc`a`tas gae tarra`c...….………………… >7 Ens u`dgngas ga tarra`c…...……………………. >7 Ecs sdstafns ga tarra`c…..……………………... >7 Ens prcvd`hdns gae tarra`c……….……………... >7

 

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HC@WA@DGCX GA ECX FN\NX KACFCYBCEØKDHCX \YNKFÎWDHCX \NYN EN ARNEQNHDØ@ GA YDAXKCX @NWQYNEAX……………………….>1 En zc`dbdhnhdø` gae rdaskc ga d`u`gnhdø`….…………………… >1 En zc`dbdhnhdø` ga rdaskcs a` fc`tnþns…………..……………… fc`tnþns…………..……………… >2 En zc`dbdhnhdø` ga rdaskc ga saquæn……..….……….…………….. saquæn……..….……….…………….. >; En zc`dbdhnhdø` zc`dbdhnhdø` ga rdaskc rdaskc ga sdsfcs…………………………….… sdsfcs…………………………….… >; En zc`dbdhnhdø` ga rdaskc vcehî`dhc....……….………………….…. >: AE XDXWAFN GA D@BCYFNHDØ@ ‘ DE[DX ‘ A@ AE FN\AC KACFCYBCEØKDHC .... .……………………………………………………… >:

XÆFICECX=

Bcrfns ga crdka` astruhturne.………………………………………………………. astruhturne.………………………………………………………. >  Bcrfns ga crdka` vcehî`dhc..... vcehî`dhc.......………………………………………………….. ..………………………………………………….. 9 Bcrfns ga crdka` ga`ugntdvcs ga`ugntdvcs…………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… 8 Bcrfns ga crdka` beuvdne…………………………………………………………… 7 Bcrfns ga crdka` fnrd`c…………………………………………………………… 1 Bcrfns ga crdka` kenhdnr y pard kenhdnr………………………………………...…. 2 Bcrfns ga crdka` aøedhc…………………………………………………………….. ; Bcrfns ga crdka` ga sceuhdø` (gdsceuhdø`) oîrstdhc…………………………..… : Fcrbcfatræn…………………………………………………………………….…… 4 Edtceckæn………………………………………………………………………….….. >< Hrc`ceckæn…………………………………………………………………………… Hrc`ceckæn……………………………………………………………… …………… >> Wcpckrnbæn………………………………………………………………………….... Wcpckrnbæn……………………………………………… ………………………….... >9 Fcrbc ‘ hc`sarvnhdø` hc`sarvnhdø` (sæficecs aspahdneas)………………………………….… >8 Jdgrc ‘ fcrbceøkdhcs………………………………………………………………. >7

 

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\YABNHDC En prdfarn agdhdø` gae sdstafn DWH ga eavn`tnfda`tc Kacfcrbceøkdhc bua puiedhngn hcfc ―DWH Waxticco RDD. 9‖ a` >42: y gasga a`tc`has jn` npnrahdgc huntrc agdhdc`as. Nhtunefa`ta astî sumatn n ravdsdø`. En hnusn ga en ravdsdø` sa gaia n qua ecs pu`tcs ga vdstn ga ecs nutcras scira ecs fätcgcs p pnrn nrn ae eavn`tnfda`tc kacfcrbceøkdhc n`neætdhc y hnrtckrnbæn (hc` ä`bnsds a` en fcrbckä`asds) jnyn` hnfidngc. Astn pnrta gae sdstafn jn parfn`ahdgc iîsdhnfa`ta dkune, snevc paquaþns fcgdbdhnhdc`as y nhenrnhdc`as ne taxtc= ecs hc`haptcs ga eavn`tnfda`tc kacfcrbceøkdhc n`neætdhc astî` njcrn nhaptnieafa`ta gabd`dgcs. \cr ae hc`trnrdc, a` ecs ýetdfcs nþcs ctrcs nvn`has dfpcrtn`tas jn` churrdgc a` ae îran gae eavn`tnfda`tc kacfcrbceøkdhc npedhngc. Astcs nvn`has sa rabdara` ne eavn`tnfda`tc sd`tätdhc gae tarra`c (n`îedsds gae tarra`c a` ae hc`taxtc ga kacfcrbceckæn nfida`tne, sd hcfc ae eavn`tnfda`tc kacfcrbceøkdhc prnkfîtdhc gdsaþngc pnrn prcpøsdtcs aspahæbdhc, tneas hcfc eavn`tnfda`tcs ga gdstd`tcs tdpcs ga zc`dbdhnhdø` ga rdaskcs `nturneas.  

Nfics nspahtcs (sd`tätdhc y prnkfîtdhc) gae eavn`tnfda`tc kacfcrbceøkdhc bcrfn` njcrn pnrta asa`hdne gae sdstafn DWH ga eavn`tnfda`tc kacfcrbceøkdhc y sc` ec qua jn` jahjc `ahasnrdn en prasa`ta agdhdø`. Ne fdsfc tdafpc, ae rahda`ta a` îrans tneas hcfc parhaphdø` rafctn fagdn`ta gasnrrceec, dfîka`as gatah`ceøkdhc sntäedta (saku`gn ka`arnhdø`). Hnrtckrnbæn nsdstdgn pcr hcfputngcrn y sdstafns ga d`bcrfnhdø` kackrîbdhn. Astî` fcgdbdhn`gc krngunefa`ta ecs fätcgcs ga eavn`tnfda`tc. Hc`bdnfcs qua, pcr fuhjcs nþcs fîs, ae sds sdstafn tafn aa` ` su bcrfn nhtune hufpedrî su prcpøsdtc ga sarvdr ga kuæn p pnrn nrn tcgn hensa ga fnpac ka kacfcrbceøkdhc, cfcrbceøkdhc, n hunequdar ashnen y a` hunequdar tdpc ga tarra`c, a` tcgns pnrtas gae fu`gc. Ae sdstafn astî astruhturngc aspahæbdhnfa`ta pnrn en d`takrnhdø` ga en tah`ceckæn narcaspnhdne a` ae eavn`tnfda`tc y fnpac ga ecs rahurscs nfida`tneas y en avneunhdø` ga en zc`dbdhnhdø` ga rdaskcs `nturneas.

 

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AXWYQHWQYN GAE XDXWAFN XDXWAFN D.W.H. Ae prcpøsdtc ga u` eavn`tnfda`tc kacfcrbceøkdhc as prcpcrhdc`nr d`bcrfnhdø` hc`hdsn y sdstafîtdhn scira ens bcrfns gae tarra`c, ecs prchascs kacfcrbceøkdhcs y ecs ba`øfa`cs `nturneas hc`axcs hc`axcs.. Ecs fnpns aenicrngcs sc` scenfa`ta gchufa`tcs hda`tæbdhcs a` sæ fdsfcs, sd`c tnfidä` vnedcsns jarrnfda`tns `nturneas, gaidgc gaidgc n en raenhdø` a`tra ens hnrnhtaræstdhns kacfcrbceøkdhns gae tarra`c, bcrfn gaeu`fnpn, parc puaga sar nefnha`ngn a` u` in`hc ga gntcs a` afpean`gc sdstafn ga tnfidä` d`bcrfnhdø` kackrîbdhn. \nrn cita`ar ecs rasuetngcs raquardgcs, ae gaed`anr ens krn`gas u`dgngas gae tarra`c y ens nschdnhdc`as ga kacfcrbcgd`nfdhnfa`ta, (sæficecs nraneas hcecrangcs) as n fa`ugc d`subdhda`ta. Aeec gaia dr nhcfpnþngc ga u` hudgngcsc n`îedsds a`hnfd`ngc n en rahc`struhhdø` gae gasnrrceec kacfcrbceøkdhc inmc en d`beua`hdn ga bnhtcras a`gøka`cs (kaceøkdhcs) y axøka`cs (hedfîtdhcs) tn`tc gae pnsngc hcfc gae prasa`ta. Nsdfdsfc, as `ahasnrdn u`n sæ`tasds pnrn raenhdc`nr en ―axprasdø`‖ kacfcrbceøkdhn gae tarra`c hc` ens hc`gdhdc`as nfida`tneas pragcfd`n`tas. Nsæ, en d`bcrfnhdø` fcrbcfätrdhn y fcrbckrîbdhn gaia sar hcfpeafa`tngn hc` gntcs fcrbcgd`îfdhcs, fcrbcka`ätdhcs y fcrbc hrc`ceøkdhcs, \cr u` engc, y hc` gntcs nfida`tneas suaecs, jdgrceckæn, vak vakatnhdø`, atnhdø`, ath. \cr ae ctrc. En edtceckæn y ecs fntardneas suparbdhdneas sc` ga aspahdne dfpcrtn`hdn pcr su raeavn`hdn kacfcrbceøkdhn y su pcta`hdne dfpcrtn`hdn ahc`øfdhn hcfc suaec y hcfc fntardneas ga hc`struhhdø`. Ens dfîka`as narcaspnhdneas d`hrafa`tn` hc`sdgarnieafa`ta en abdhda`hdn gae eavn`tnfda`tc kacfcrbceøkdhc y sc` d`gdspa`snieas pnrn cita`ar rasuetngcs ngahungcs a` hcfid`nhdø` hc` ens cisarvnhdc`as ga hnfpc y ens d`vastdknhdc`as ga enicrntcrdc. Ens bctckrnbæns närans astaracshøpdhns rakdstrn` ens bcrfns gae tarra`c hc` krn` gatneea a` tn`tc qua ens dfîka`as ga sntäedta prcpcrhdc`n` u`n vdsdø` ka`arnedzngn gae hc`mu`tc ga fnhrcbcrfns gae raedava y ga ens astruhturns. Ens rahda`tas dfîka`as astaracshøpdhns ga sntäedta (saku`gn ka`arnhdø`) ga netn rasceuhdø` puaga` hcfid`nr nfins va`tnmns. Ne fdsfc tdafpc, ens dfîka`as narcaspnhdneas parfdta` u`n hcfprasdø` (n trnväs ga gntcs fuetdaspahtrneas) ga ens d`tarraenhdc`as pragcfd`n`tas a`tra ens bcrfns gae gae raedava y ctrcs bnhtcras gae nfida`ta. Wnfidä` pua puaga` ga` sar afpeangns pnrn en prapnrnhdø` ga u`n insa tcpckrîbdhn ngahungn pnrn fnpns kacfcrbceøkdhcs n paquaþn ashnen y fagdn`ns ashnens. \nrn en pen`anhdø` ga trninmcs ga hnfpc, pnrn en echnedznhdø` a` ae tarra`c, pnrn fnpanr cisarvnhdc`as ga hnfpc, ath.

 

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Ec prdfarc y prd`hdpne, sd` afinrkc, as qua ens dfîka`as nyugn` n u` fns rîpdgc y prahdsc eavn`tnfda`tc kacfcrbceøkdhc yn qua ecs ba`øfa`cs kacfcrbceøkdhcs npnraha` npnraha` a` sus bcrfns y pntrc`as axnhtcs, fîs nu`, en d`bcrfnhdø` fcrbcfätrdhn y fuhjcs gntcs edtceøkdhcs puaga` cita`arsa fagdn`ta gdhjns dfîka`as.

Xa gdstd`kua` tras hensas ga eavn`tnfda`tcs kacfcrbceøkdhcs kacfcrbceøkdhcs qua gn` gn` crdka` n tras hensas gdbara`tas ga fnpns.  Fnpns kacfcrbceøkdhcs n`neætdhcs n`neætdhcs sc` ae rasuetngc ga prcbu`gcs astugdcs  

kacfcrbceøkdhcs fc`cgdshdped`nrdcs, y prcpcrhdc`n` d`bcrfnhdø` scira ens bcrfns gae raedava y prchascs, gastnhn`gc en fcrbckä`asds y en fcrbchrc`ceckæn. \arc tnfidä` d`heuya`gc gntcs scira en edtceckæn y fcrbcastruhturns.

 Fnpns kacfcrbceøkdhcs sd`tätdhcs sc` ae prcguhtc ga astugdcs vd`huengcs  

n ens raenhdc`as nfida`tneas a`tra en ―axprasdø`‖ gae tarra`c y ctrcs bnhtcras gae pndsnma, tneas hcfc ae hedfn, raedava, edtceckæn, suaecs, jdgrceckæn y vakatnhdø`. Gdhjc n`îedsds kacfcrbceøkdhc gae tarra`c as ranedzngc a` ae hc`taxtc ga u`n sæ`tasds gae pndsnma y pnrn ae usc ga eavn`tnfda`tcs fuetdgdshdped`nrdcs gae tarra`c.

 Fnpns kacfcrbceøkdhcs prnkfîtdhcs sc` ae rasuetngc ga d`vastdknhdc`as  

kacfcrbceøkdhns qua astî` kudngns gasga ae prd`hdpdc pcr u` prcpøsdtc aspahæbdhc, brahua`tafa`ta a` ae hc`taxtc ga u` prcyahtc ga pen`dbdhnhdø` gae gasnrrceec. Wn`tc ae hc`ta`dgc gae fnpn hun`tc en eaya`gn sc` a`tc`has gdsaþngcs usn`gc ecs gntcs n`neætdhcs y sd`tätdhcs. Nhtunefa`ta axdsta` vnrdcs, fnpns ga asta tdpc. Ecs eavn`tnfda`tcs n`neætdhc y sd`tätdhc sc` henrnfa`ta hcfpeafa`tnrdcs, ae eavn`tnfda`tc n`neætdhc prcpcrhdc`n ens u`dgngas ga fnpac y en d`bcrfnhdø` kacfcrbceøkdhn gatneengn? ae eavn`tnfda`tc sd`tätdhc npcrtn ae hc`taxtc nfida`tne y ens raenhdc`as ahceøkdhns gae pndsnma. Ga hunequdar fn`arn ecs prcpøsdtcs aspahæbdhcs (pcr amafpec, pnrn en zc`dbdhnhdø` ga rdaskcs `nturneas), `c sdafpra as `ahasnrdc rahninr tcgn en d`bcrfnhdø` n`neætdhn y sd`tätdhn. Hc` brahua`hdn sa utdedzn u` ―ntnmc‖, u` eavn`tnfda`tc y fnpns kacfcrbceøkdhcs. Hun`gc en prdfarn agdhdø` ga asta edirc bua puiedhngn a` >42:, ae eavn`tnfda`tc ga tdpc n`neætdhc astnin yn hcfpeatnfa`ta gasnrrceengc. Ecs fnpns rasuetn`tas buarc` ga`cfd`ngcs ―fnpns astî`gnr ga prcpøsdtc ka`arne‖. Ae eavn`tnfda`tc ga tdpc sd`tätdhc `c astnin nu` d`heudgc, fda`trns ecs eavn`tnfda`tcs npa`ns afpaznin` n gasnrrceenrsa, rasuetn`gc ga neeæ ec ―fnpns ga prcpøsdtc aspahdbdhc‖. Astcs hc`ta`æn` fnpns ga hc`sarvnhdø` pnrn eavn`tnfda`tcs ga d`ka`daræn y ga arcsdø`, y fnpns jdgrckackrîbdhcs pnrn bd`as jdgrckaceøkdhcs. Ae hc`ta`dgc y astruhturn ga astn ravdsdø` rabeamn` ae rîpdgc gasnrrceec a` ae eavn`tnfda`tc y fnpac kacfcrbceøkdhcs gurn`ta ens ýetdfns gcs gähngns.

 

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\YCHAGDFDA@WC \YCHAGDFDA@ WC GA EARN@WNFDA@WC A` prd`hdpdc, ae eavn`tnfda`tc afpdazn hc` en d`tarpratnhdø` ga en dfnka`. Ae prdfar cimatdvc as cita`ar u`n vdsdø` ka`arne ga en kacfcrbceckæn gae îran ga astugdc, d`heuya`gc sus raenhdc`as hc` ens îrans ngynha`tas. Astc sa eckrn fagdn`ta u` rîpdgc astugdc ga ens dfîka`as ga sntäedta c n trnväs gae rîpdgc rapnsc ga ens bctcs närans, pcr amafpec, usn`gc u` bctcfcsndhc. Xdfuetî`anfa`ta, puaga`en hc`suetnra` tcgns ensecsbua`tas d`bcrfnhdø` gdspc`diea, tneas hcfc edtarnturn axdsta`ta, fnpns ga tafîtdhcs, ath. Xuisahua`tafa`ta, ens u`dgngas kacfcrbceøkdhns y ctrcs gntcs, (kacfcrbceøkdhcs) raeavn`tas vdsdieas a` en dfnka`, sc` fnpangcs ga fn`arn prcvdsdc`ne. Ae prcpøsdtc gae eavn`tnfda`tc, ecs tdpcs ga d`bcrfnhdø` raquardgn, y su vdsdidedgng a` ens dfîka`as narcaspnhdneas hc`stdtuya` en insa pnrn en saeahhdø` ga en ashnen gae fnpac  y ae tdafpc nsdk`ngc gae eavn`tnfda`tc. \uaga ragnhtnrsa u`n eaya`gn prcvdsdc`ne y puaga iushnrsa d`bcrfnhdø` aspahæbdhn ngdhdc`ne. Q` fnpn insa tcpckrîbdhc gaia sar prapnrngc ga bcrfn tne qua d`heuyn d`bcrfnhdø` tcpckrîbdhn pnrn u`n bîhde uidhnhdø` a` ae hnfpc y pnrn en echnedznhdø` ga ecs ba`øfa`cs cisarvngcs a` ens dfîka`as narcaspnhdneas y a` ae tarra`c. Ecs pu`tcs prd`hdpneas y ecs `ýfarcs ga tcgns ens bctckrnbæns närans y ecs ga ens dfîka`as ga sntäedta, gaia` sar trn`sbardgcs ne fnpn pnrn pnr n parfdtdr u`n (rîpdgn) vardbdhnhdø` ga en d`tarpratnhdø` ga en dfnka` a` ae hnfpc c ae enicrntcrdc.  

Ae sdstafn ga gra`nma y ecs edtcrneas gaia` sar fnpangcs hc` subdhda`ta gatneea. Ens gdstn`hdns vartdhneas gae tarra`c puaga` sar d`gdhngns fagdn`ta hurvns ga `dvae y /c hctns. Hcfý`fa`ta, tnfidä` sa d`gdhn a` astn atnpn ecs gntcs edtckrîbdhcs (prcvdsdc`neas) cita`dgcs fagdn`ta en d`tarpratnhdø` ga dfîka`as c ga ctrns bua`tas, afpean`gc pn`tneens. Xd jn ga ga prapnrnrsa fîs ga u` tdpc ga fnpn kacfcrbceøkdhc gae îran g gaa astugdc, gaia` jnharsa vnrdns hcpdns gae fnpn tcpckrîbdhc insa. En fnycræn ga ens dfîka`as ga netn rasceuhdø` afpeangns pnrn prcpøsdtcs prîhtdhcs ga fnpac tafîtdhc puaga` sar hc`sdgarngns kacfätrdhnfa`ta hcrrahtns. Nsæ, en dfnka` puaga sarvdr hcfc u` fnpn insa, nu` hun`gc astc brahua`tafa`ta hcfpedhn en trn`sbara`hdn ga ecs gntcs ga en bctcd`tarpratnhdø` ne fnpn gaidgc ne gaspenznfda`tc rngdne rasuetn`ta ga en prcyahhdø` ha`trne ga ens bctcs närans y ga ens gdbara`hdn a` ae raedava. Wnfidä` gaia fa`hdc`nrsa en pcsdidedgng ga nefnha`nr en d`bcrfnhdø` rau`dgn a` u` in`hc ga gntcs a` euknr ga jnhar u` fnpn. Ecs sdstafns ga d`bcrfnhdø` kackrîbdhn, hc` iua`ns hnpnhdgngas hnrtckrîbdhns tne hcfc ae sdstafn DE[DX gdsaþngc a` ae DWH, tnfidä` puaga` sarvdr sarvd r pnrn asta prcpøsdtc

 

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 En  d`tarpratnhdø` gatneengn ga ens dfîka`as rasuetnrn bu`gnfa`tnefa`ta a` en gaed`anhdø` ga u`dgngas kacfcrbceøkdhns fnycras, ga su suigdvdsdø` a` su sui-u`dgngas y gae trnzngc ga bcrfns gae raedava d`gdvdguneas y prchascs usn`gc sæficecs ed`aneas. Ecs tärfd`cs purnfa`ta gashrdptdvcs pnrn ens u`dgngas kacfcrbceøkdhns y bcrfns, sc` nhaptnieas a` astn atnpn sd su kä`asds `c puaga sar ravaengn pcr en scen d`tarpratnhdø` ga en dfnka`.  

Xd scec sa gdspc`a ga bctcs närans pnrn ae eavn`tnfda`tc, en d`tarpratnhdø` gatneengn as eeavngn n hnic fagdn`ta u`n d`tarpratnhdø` hudgngcsn gae fntardne bctckrîbdhc afpeangc pnrn cita`ar u`n vdsdø` ka`arne gurn`ta en prdfarn bnsa gae trninmc. Netar`ntdvnfa`ta, ssaa puaga` puaga` us usnr nr bctckrnbæns närans ga as ashnen hnen fnycr pnrn asta prcpøsdtc. Ens dfîka`as fc`cshøpdhns  ga sntäedta (prdfarn ka`arnhdø`) hc` u`n rasceuhdø` aspnhdne ga 8< fatrcs c fa`cs fa`cs,, puaga` instnr pnrn ae fnpac n `dvae ga rahc`chdfda`tc, pcr amafpec a` ashnens fa`cras >= >4;:). Njæ tras `dvaeas ga gntcs ga eavn`tnfda`tc= ka`arne, fagdc (sui-u`dgngas) y gatneengc (hnta`ns, (hn ta`ns, var bdkurn 8 y 7) astcs puaga` jnharsa aqudvnea`tas n ens u`dgngas kacfcrbceøkdhns sd`tätdhns= sdstafns ga tarra`c, u`dgngas ga tarra`c y hcfpc`a`tas ga tarra`c. Xa gasnrrceenrc` tnfidä` astruhturns ga gntcs, edkngns n ens u`dgngas ga fnpac pnrn en hciarturn (vakatnhdø` y usc ga suaec) y pnrn ecs gntcs

 

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jdgrceøkdhcs. Astî a` prchasc u` trninmc pnrn d`heudr a` ae sdstafn ecs fcgaecs gdkdtneas ga tarra`c. Ens npedhnhdc`as ga DE[DX a` en astdfnhdø` ga en arcsdø` y ecs sagdfa`tcs qua sa prcguha` a` u`n krn` hua`hn supardcr y ae gnþc pcr d`u`gnhdø` a` en pnrta inmn ga en hua`hn, nsæ hcfc ctrcs astugdcs, sa cbraha` a` en puiedhnhdø` DWH DE[DX (tnfidä` DWH  Mcur`nes >4::-> y >44