Manual de Aspel NOI

 

FMJ^UL NM EAFCGDDMUA^L ^MFJLDLBGFL GJN]V^UGAD W NM VMUPGFGLV J.>2

¾¾KLAQ]ÈJ AJ^LJGL @DLUMJFGL NM CMUUMUA W UGFAUNLV¾¾

FÁDF]DL GJ^MBUAD

HMFÁJGFA GJN]V^UGAD

= A PMV_MU^GJL

BGJM[ @MUJÁJNM[ ASMD BMLPAJJW

UAHÈUM[ _ÇUM[ EMJKAHÈJ

6¿ _AUFGAD

1

 

ÈJNGFM

Clka nm prmsmjtafgöj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _áb. 1 Gjtrlnuffgöj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._áb. 6 Vgstmha nm Jöhgja Gjtmbrad \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ _áb = @ujfgljms

Emjm`gfgls nmd sgstmha JLG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _áb. 0 Jöhgja mdmftröjgfa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _áb. 2 Fatádlbl nm traeakanlrms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _áb. 7 _mrfmpfgljms y nmnuffgljms nmnuffgl jms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _áb.11 Nmpartahmjtls y pumstls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _áb.16 ^aedas fadmjnargls y tgpls nm `adtas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. _áb.1> Hlvghgmjtls a da jöhgja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _áb.1= Hönudl `gsfad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _áb. 10 Umfgels y frmnmjfgadms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . _áb.12 ^aeda nm vafafgljms pmrsljadgzana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _áb.13 Fljtratls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _áb.17 GHVV W A@LUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . _áb.5? Fljsudtas, rmplrtms rmplrtms y clkas nm fádfudl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . _áb.51 _rlfmsls y utgdmrèas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _áb.55 Fljfdusgöj. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._áb.56

5

 

Gjtrlnuffgöj

Aspmd JLG ms uj sgstmha nm jöhg öhgja gjtmbrad mspmfgadgzanl anl mj autlhat lhatggzar dls asp as pmftls ghplrta rtajtms nm da jöhgja brafgas a su vmrsatgd tgdgnan y su `áfgd hajmkl letmjnrás uj fádfudl mxaftl nm das nmnuffgljms y pmrfmpfgljms nm tus traeakanl anlrms nm afumrnl flj das ngsplsgfgljm jmss `gsfadms y daelradms vgbmjtms. Bmjm Bm jmra ra Flhp Flhprl rlea eajt jtms ms @gsf @gsfad adms ms Ngbg Ngbgta tadm dmss plr plr Gj Gjtm tmrj rjmt mt F@N F@NGG 6.6 nm dls dls Um Umfg fgel elss nm Jöhgja y asghgdaedms a sadargls. Aspmd JLG sm ana anapta a das jmfmsgnanms mspmfè`gfas nm fana mhprmsa anm anmhás nm mstar anaptanl a das dmbgsdafgljms `gsfadms y daelradms vgbmjtms. Aspmd JLG sm ngvgnm mj dls sgbugmjtms hönudls; ◌ Fadfudl nm jöhgja. ◌ Umplrtms. ◌ Fljsudtas. ◌ A`lrm m GHVV ◌ Clkas nm fádfudl. ◌ Mxpmngmjtm nmd traeakanlr. ◌ Hlnudl `gsfad. ◌ _abl mdmftröjgfl nm jöhgja. ◌ _rlfmsls nm jöhgja. ◌ ]tgdmrèas.

6

 

VGV^MHA NM JÖHGJA GJ^MBUAD AV_MD JLG

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Vgstmha nm Jöhgja Gjtmbrad  Aspmd-JLG autlhatgza md fljtrld nm tlnls dls aspmftls nm da jöhgja, fljsgnmrajnl da dmbgsdafgöj `gsfad y daelrad vgbmjtm gjfduymjnl dls fljsgnmrajnl da dmbgsdafgöj `gsfad y daelrad vgbmjtm gjfduymjnl dls fádfudls nm ghpumstl dlfad y rmtmjfgöj nm GVU, nm afumrnl a da ûdtgha Um`lrha `gsfad `g sfad puedgfana mj 5??3. Ms da hmklr sldufgöj para das hgfrl, pmqumñas y hmngajas mhprmsas, ya qum autlhatgza md fljtrld nm tlnls dls aspmftls gjvldufranls mj da ya qum autlhatgza md fljtrld nm tlnls dls aspmftls gjvldufranls mj da jöhgja fljsgnmrajnl da dmbgsdafgöj hmxgfaja, nm tad hajmra qum md fdgmjtm pumnm tmjmr pdmja flj`gajza mj qum dls fádfudls qum md sgstmha rmadgza dls cafm apmbanls a das ng`mrmjtms dmyms flhl da Dmy Vgstmha rmadgza dls cafm apmbanls a das ng`mrmjtms dmyms, flhl da Dmy nmd Ghpumstl Vlerm da Umjta, da Dmy nmd GHVV, da Dmy @mnmrad nmd ^raeakl, ^raeakl, mjtrm ltras. Cly mj nèa Aspmd-JLG ms fljsgnmranl flhl md hmklr y md hás ngjáhgfl sgstmha nm fljtrld fljtr ld nm jöhgja jöhgja mj da Umpûedgf Umpûedgfa a Hmxgfaj Hmxgfaja, a, ya qum a dl darbl nm hás nm 5= añls ca rmaffgljanl nm gjhmngatl ajtm fuadqugmr fahegl mj hatmrga daelrad. Cly mj nèa su partgfgpafgöj nm hmrfanl ms supmrglr ad 2=%, y fumjta flj md rmspadnl nm hás hás nm 6?? 6??

gjst gjstgtgtuf ufgl gljm jmss nm mjsm mjsmña ñajz jza a nm nmdd pa paès ès as asèè fl flhl hl nm ng ngvm vmrs rsas as

lrbajgzafgljms fljtaedms y `gsfadms hmxgfajas. ◌

Autlhatgza md fljtrld nm da jöhgja9 l`rmfm uj fádfudl mxaftl nm das pmrfmpfgljms y nmnuffgljms nm dls traeakanlrms nm afumrnl flj das

ngsplsgfgljms `gsfadms y daelradms vgbmjtms. vgbmjtms. ◌ Mhgtm rmfgels nm jöhgja mdmftröjgfls F@NG 6.6 nm `lrha ujgtarga l hasgva. Fljfg jfgdga `áfgdhmjtm tus flhprle leaajtms bmjmranls y dls tltadm adms nm da jöhgja aftuad. Vu ngjahgshl rangfa mj md hajmkl mxaftl nm fuadqugmr tgpl nm fádfudl nm jöhgja, pungmjnl fljtrldar; ◌ Jöhgjas qugjfmjadms hmjsuadms smhajadms mtf. ◌ Da fajtgnan nm traeakanlrms qum pumnm hajmkar ms gdghgtana. ◌ fljmftgvgnan flj ngvmrsas gjstgtufgljms; eajfls ,@ljaflt ,GHVV mtf. ◌ Vmburgnan hmngajtm pmr`gdms nm usuargl. =

 

◌ Pm Pmrg`gfafgöj rg`gfafgöj gjhmngata nmd nmtaddm nm fana fádfudl rmadgzanl. ◌

Umspadnl, barajtèa y prl`msgljadgshl nm Aspmd nm Hçxgfl.

Md sgstmha Aspmd JLG tgmjm hufcls emjm`gfgls flhl;

fMa`pgfgtgamdjtcmuhaanjh öjajmnkamrd l;gjg_satrraafgh uj mxpmn xpmngm gmjt jtmm nm tr trae aeak akan anlr lrms ms flj tlnls dls natls y nlfu nl fuhm hmjt jtls ls ngbg ngbgta tadgdgza zanl nlss nm su mxpmngmjtm, gjfduymjnl md cgstörgfl nm aku akustms nm sadargl, fahegls nm pumstl y nmpa nm parta rtahm hmjt jtl, l, tr traaymftl mftlrg rgaa mj da mhprmsa y fapafgtafgljms. Autlh Aut lhat atggzaf zafgöj göj nmd fá fádf dfud udl l nm Jöhg Jö hgja ja;; JLG JLG rm rmad adgz gzaa dls dls fá fádf dfud udls ls autlhátgfls, flhl md sumdnl, rmtm rmtmjf jfgl gljm jmss nm ghpu ghpums mstl tlss sl sler ermm da rmjta, fultas nmd GHVV, clras mxt xtra rass, vafaf afafgl gljm jms, s, ab abug ugja jadn dnl, l, `ljnl nm aclrrl, rmpartl nm utgdgnanms y pmjsgljms nmd traeakanlr. Erg E rgjn jnaa dl dlss rmfg mfgels els nm jö jöhg hgja ja mj fuad fuadq qugmr ugmr hl hlhm hmjt jtl l y ng`mrmj mrmjtm tmss rmplr mplrtm tmss qum fuhpdmj flj tlnls dls rmqugsgtls `gsfadms y daelradms. @afgdgnan para md fuhpdghgmjtl nm ledgbafgljms patrljadms; @afgdgta md fuhp fu hpdgdghg hgmj mjtl tl hmng hmngaj ajtm tm md hönu hönudl dl `gsf `gsfad ad,, flrr flrrms mspl pljn jngm gmjt jtms ms a aplrt aplrtaf afgl gljm jmss nmd nmd VAU, GJ@LJAPG^ GJ@LJAPG^ m GHVV y da nmtmrhgjafgöj hmjsuad y ajuad nm ghpumstls. _da _ dajm jmaf afgö göjj y fljt fljtrl rldd `gja `gjajf jfgm gmrl rl nm da Jö Jöhg hgja ja;; _r _rlp lplr lrfg fglj ljaa ng` ng`mr mrmj mjtm tmss rmplrt mplrtms ms y fljs fljsuudt dtas as,, asè asè flhl lhl sus ng` g`mr mrmj mjttms afuh afuhud udan anls ls,, qum qum pmrhg mrhgtm tmjj md aj ajád ádgs gsgs gs nm da gj`lrhafgöj a ng`mrmjtms jgvmdms nm nmtadd addm, para fljlf jlfmr mj tlnl hlhmjtl md flstl nm da jöhgja. Vld V lduf ufgö göjj Gjtm Gjtmbr brad ad nm da jöhg jöhgja ja y su anhg anhgjg jgsstr traf afgö göj; j; _rlp _rlplr lrfg fglj ljaa dls dls @lrha lrhatl tlss rmqumrgnls plr das prgjfgpadms gjstgtufgljms eajfargas para da ngspmrsgöj nm jöhgja, fumjta flj flhujgfafgöj ngrmfta flj md GHVV para md mjvèl nm hlvg hl vghg hgmj mjtl tlss a`gd a`gdga gatl tlrg rgls ls mj dèdèjm jmaa G GNV NVM M,, asè asè flhl flhl gjtm gjtmr` r`az az flj flj md Vgst Vgstmh mhaa Ûj Ûjgf gfl l nm Autl Autln nmt mtmr mrhg hgja jafg fgöj öj V V] ]A. A. Bmjm Bmjmra ra da Nmfd Nmfdar araf afggöj Gj Gj``lrha lrhatg tgvva nm sumdn umdnls ls y sadargls dgsta para su dmftura mj md NGH. Ábgd faptura nm gj`lrhafgöj; Ergjna ng`mrmjtms cmrrahgmjta jtas para `afgdgtar da fapt fa ptur uraa nm hlvg hlvghg hgmj mjtl tlss m gj gj``lr lrha hafg fgöj öj nm trae traeak akan anlr lrms ms,, nm nmsn snmm clka clkass nm fá fádf dfud udl l nm Mxfmd fmd ca cast staa da gj gjttmbr mbraf afgö göjj flj flj ng ngsp spls lsggtgv tgvls flhl lhl rmdlk mdlkms ms fcmf fcmfan anlr lrms ms y ltra ltrass apdgfafgljms Gjtmbrafgöj ^ltad nm dls prlfmsls nm da mhprmsa; Dls sgstmhas Aspmd 0

 

gj gjtm tmrrfah aheg egaj aj gj`lr j`lrha hafg fgöj öj para ara dl dlb brar rar uja gjt jtmb mbra rafg fgöj öj tlt ltad ad nm dls prlfms lfmsls ls nm da mhprmsa, flj dl qum sm mdghgjaj dls plsgedms mrrlrms nm faptura y da nupdgfgnan nm aftgvgnanms, hmklrajnl nm msta `lrha da prlnuftgvgnan nm da mhprmsa.

Jöhgja mdmftröjgfa

Bmjmra md tgheranl, y flj mddl, md flhp fl hprl rlea eajt jtmm `gsf `gsfad ad ngbg ngbgta tadd pl plrr gj gjtm tmrj rjmt mt F@NG nm dls rmfgels nm jöhgja nm dls traeakanlrms. _ara mddl sm rmqugmrm gjngfar dls smddls ngbgtadms, asè flhl flj`gburar dls smrvg rvgfgls nm tgheranl para plnmr bmjmrar dls F@NG. Fumjta flj nls lpfgljms para tgherar dls nlfuhmjtls; ^gheranl ujl a ujl mj da rmjta y flhpra nmd sgstmha. ^gheranl hasgvl mj da flhpra nmd sgstmha. Ad smdmffgljar da lpfgöj nm tgheranl, sldl sm nmem gjngfar da `mfca nm pabl nm da jöhgja qum sm rmqugmrm para da mxprmsgöj nm da `mfca nm mrlbafgöj nmd bastl. Fljtgm Fljt gmjm jm uj hö hönu nudl dl pa para ra fljs fljsud udta ta nm rmfge mfgels ls nm jö jöhg hgja ja tghe tghera ranl nls, s, pm pmjn jngm gmjt jtms ms y prlfmsl nm tgheranl. _ara uja hmklr vgsuadgzafgöj y fljtrld nm dls hgshls.Hönudls Fumjta flj ngvmrsas `ujfgljms qum `afgdgtaj da mxpdltafgöj y usl nm da gj gj``lr lrha hafg fgöj öj nm da jöhg jöhgja ja para para uj ujaa fl flrr rrmf mfta ta tlha tlha nm nmfg mfgsglj sgljms ms y m`gf m`gfggmj mjfg fgaa mj md prlfmsl anhgjgstratgvl, fuhpdgmjnl flj das ledgbafgljms `gsfadms nm da mhprmsa y da lpt lptghgzafgöj nm tlnls dls prlfmsls rmdaf afggljanls flj da jöhgja y dls Umfursls Cuhajls. ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌

Fatádlbls nm traeakanlrms Fatádlbls nm pmrfmpfgljms y nmnuffgljms Fatádlbls nm nmpartahmjtls y pumstls ^aedas, Fadmjnargls y tgpls nm `adtas Hlvghgmjtls a da jöhgja Hönudl @gsfad 2

 

◌ Umfgels nm jöhgja ◌ Gjtmr`asm flj Aspmd-FLG y Aspmd-EAJFL

Dls natls qum prmsmjtará da fljsudta slj

◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌

Fdavm nmd traeakanlr. Jlherm ^ltad nm pmrfmpfgljms. ^ltad nm nmnuffgljms. Jmtl a pabar. @ldgl `gsfad l ]]GN. Fdavm nmd nlfuhmjtl. @mfca nm mhgsgöj. Mstatus nmd F@NG.

◌ @mfca nm tgheranl. ◌ Mstatus nm mjvèl. ◌ @mfca nm fajfmdafgöj Umqugsgtls para Bmjmrar Umfgels Mdmftröjgfls

◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌

FNV Fmrtg`gfanls nm Vmddls Ngbgtadms) Fljtrasmña y Ddavm prgvana Vmrgm y @ldgl nm tgheranl. Flj`gburafgöj nm smrvgfgls nm fajfmdafgöj y tgheranl. Gjngspmjsaedm tmjmr smrvgfgl nm Gjtmrjmt para plnmr tgherar y mjvgar flrrml. Flj`gburar pmrfmpfgljms y nmnuffgljms qum smráj apdgfanas a dls rmfgels. Flj`gburar natls nmd traeakanlr. Umadgzar fgmrrm nm jöhgja. ^gherar dls rmfgels nm jöhgja nmjtrl nm da Fljsudta nm Umfgels nm jöhgja. Nm afumrnl a das jumvas ngsplsgfg ngsplsgfgljms ljms plr da rm`lrha `gsfad ledgba a dls patrljms a mxpmngr dls rmfgels nm jöhgja mdmftröjgfls F@NG. Fumjta flj uj fajnanl para qum da jöhgja södl pumna smr tgherana fualjnmdlkm`m çsmj ta turjl. sm mjfumjtrm fmrrana plr md anhgjgstranlr 3

 

Fatádlbl nm traeakanlrms

Md hönu hönudl dl nmd nmd fatá fatádl dlbl bl nm trae traeak akan anlr lrms ms adha adhafm fmja ja tlna tlna da gj` gj`lrha lrhafg fgöj öj jm jmfm fmsa sarg rgaa nmdd pmr nm pmrsl slja jadd qum dae daelr lraa mj da mhp mhprmsa, msa, tad tad flhl lhl su suss nat natls pmrs mrsljad ljadms ms,, `gs `gsfa fadm dmss y nmsnm dumbl daelradms. Vm pumnmj fljsudtar ng`mrmjtms natls nmsnm das jumvas smffgljms; ◌ Natls bmjmradms y pmrsljadms nm fana mhpdmanl. ◌ Fádfudl nmd Vadargl Ngargl Gjtmbranl y fljsudta nm su nmsbdlsm. _abl bl nm jöhg jöhgja ja (n (ngs gspm pmrs rsgö göjj nm jö jöhg hgja ja)) flj flj da dass pr prgj gjfg fgpa padm dmss gjst gjstgt gtuf ufgl gljm jmss ◌ _a

eajfargas. ◌ ^gpl nm fljtratl para md fljtrld autlhátgfl nm das rmjlvafgljms y vmjfghgmjtls. Nmsfumjtls rmdafgljanls a frçngtl @ljaflt m GJ@LJAPG^. Apdgfafgöj nmd fádfudl ajuad nm ghpumstl GVU. Gnmjtg`gfafgöj nmd mhpdmanl a travçs nm su `ltlbra`èa. Ghprmsgöj nm frmnmjfgadms flj föngbl nm earras `ltlbra`èa y tlna da gj`lrhafgöj qum da mhprmsa rmqugmra. rmgjbrmsls. ◌ Hajmkl nm rmgjbrmsls. ◌ fádfudl gjvmrsl.

◌ ◌ ◌ ◌

Vm pumnmj rmbgstrar traeakanlrms flj ngstgjtas easms nm fltgzafgöj, ya sma vargaedm l hgxta. W fumjta flj jumvas `ujfgljms flhl; ◌ Bmjmrafgöj autlhátgfa nm F]U_ y U@F flj clhlfdavm ◌ Ghprghgr frmnmjfgadms para dls mhpdmanls ◌ Eûsqumna nm traeakanlrms plr jlherm

7

 

◌ Adhafmjahgmjtl hás ahpdgl ◌ @áfgd fljtrld nm da gj`lrhafgöj nm da jöhgja y nm dls traeakanlrms

1?

 

_mrfmpfgljms y nmnuffgljms

Mstm fat atáádlbl lbl ms nm dl hás ghplrta rtajtm nmjtrl nmd sgstmha, mj çd sm mspmfg`gfaj dls fljfmptls qum sm vaj a pabar l nmsfljtar a dls traeakanlrms, mj md nmtaddm nmnmnufgr. fana ana uja sm nm`gjm da `lrh lrha a apdgfar y dls hljt ljtls flrrmspljngmjtms a pabar l Md sgst sgstmh mhaa plr lhg lhgsgöj sgöj fumj fumjta ta flj uj fa fatá táddlbl lbl ms mstá tájn jnar ar flj flj das pmr pmrfmpf mpfgljm gljmss y nmnuffgljms hás flhujms mj das mhprmsas. Da nm`gjgfgöj flrrmfta nm mstas smrá md çxgtl nm `ujfgljahgmjtl nmd sgstmha ya qum mstas gj`duymj mj dls fádfudls nmd sgstmha, flhl mj md fádfudl nmd GVU, nmd VNG, nm rmtmjfgljms nm GHVV GH VV,, bmjm bmjmra rarr gj gjttmr mr``az flj Aspmd pmd FLG, FLG, afuh afuhud udan anls ls nm das das pmrfm mrfmp pfglj fgljms ms,, mjt jtrrm ltrls.

Mstm fatádlbl tgmjm da fapafgnan nm akustar dls fádfudls utgdgzanls mj das ng`mrmjtmss mhprmsas a das jmfmsgnanms mspmfè`gfas nm fana uja, ng`mrmjtm dlbrajnl uj ngjahgshl qum pmrhgtm fadfudar —fuadqugmr‘ pmrfmpfgöj l nmnuffgöj. Md sgstmha fumjta flj uj fatádlbl mstájnar slerm md fuad sm pumnmj cafmr das hlng`gfafgljms. ◌ Fahpl nm `örhudas para pmrsljadgzar fádfudls ◌ _mrfmpfgljms `gkas l vargaedms ◌ Nm faráftmr bmjmrad l gjngvgnuad ◌ Nmtmrhgjafgöj nm easms `gsfadms plr pmrfmpfgöj ◌ Bravaedms, mxmjtas, parfgadhmjtm bravaedms l mxmjtas ◌ Asgbjafgöj nm fumjtas fljtaedms ◌ _lsgegdgnan nm apdgfafgöj nm taedas

11

 

15

 

Nmpartahmjtl y pumstls

Fljtrld nm Nmpartahmjtls y _umstls flj taeudanlrms y da plsgegdgnan nm bmjmrar rmplrtms, mstanèstgfas y rmadgzar apdgfafgljms fljtaedms plr mstls fatádlbls .

16

 

^aedas fadmjnargls y tgpls nm `adtas

1>

 

Hlvghgmjtls a da Jöhgja

◌ Faptura nm hlvghgmjtls plr traeakanlr l plr pmrfmpfgöj/nmnuffgöj. ◌ Fljtrld nm `adtas (nm afumrnl a su tgpl). ◌ Fdasg`gfafgöj autlhátgfa nm das clras mxtras nledms l trgpdms. ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌

_rlbrahafgöj nm vafafgljms plr traeakanlr. traeakanlr. Fádfudl nm `gjgqugtls y dgqugnafgljms. Gjfrmhmjtls nm sadargls mj fuadqugmr nèa nm da jöhgja. _rlbrahafgöj nm hlvghgmjtls pmrgöngfls (dghgtanls plr `mfca l hljtl) _lsgegdgnan nm gjcaegdgtar fahegls mj da jöhgja (fgmrrm nm jöhgja

_mrhgtm da faptura nm das gjfgnmjfgas nm da jöhgja, flhl slj `adtas,flhgsgljms vafafgljms prçstahls mtf .W çstas pumnmj smr prlbrahanas nm vargas `lrhas para ddmvar a fael su apdgfafgöj nm hajmra autlhátgfa jöhgja tras jöhgja, gjfdusl sm pumnmj —Ghplrtar hmngajtm arfcgvls mxtmrjls‘. mxtmrjls‘.

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Hönudl @gsfad

Nm afumrnl flj da Um`lrha @gsfad, md sgstmha bmjm bm jmrra Flhp Flhprrleaj leajtm tmss @gsf gsfadms adms Ngbgta bgtadm dmss plr Gjtmrjmt F@NG nm dls rmfgels nm pabl nm jtröah a gtgsmmjrnlmjtr`mábfagdnhlmsjtma dldas eagjkaan, lrdgmsstl, s ppmarrh nmnuffgöj nm da jöhgja a da mhprmsa. @áfgd tgheranl nm arfcgvls nm hajm jmrra gjngvgnuad l hasgva, mjvèl plr flrrml y fajfmdafgöj nm rmfgels plr hmjfgljar adbujls. ^g ^gmj mjmm da lpf lpfgö göjj nm gj gjssfrg frgeg egrr hasg hasgvvah ahmj mjtm tm a dls traeakanlrms ad U@F, bmjmra uj arfcgvl .txt para das gjsfrgpfgljms nm `lrha hasgva (md sgstmha Aspmd JLG ûjgfahmjtm bmjmrará md arf arfcg cgvvl, jl tg tgmj mjmm ghp ghpdmh mhmj mjta taffgö göjj adb adbuja uja par araa mjvgardl ad VA^. Hmngajtm md hönudl `gsfad sm `afgdgta md fuhpdghgmjtl nm ledgbafgljms flrrmspljngmjtms a aplrta rtafgljms nm VAU, GJ@LJAPG^ m GHVV, asè flhl, da nmtmrhgjafgöj nmd ghpumstl hmjsuad y ajuad. ◌ Bmjmra autlhátgfahmjtm da gj`lrhafgöj rmqumrgna plr md NMH para da

Nmfdarafgöj nm Vumdnls y Vadargls ◌ Bmjmra m ghprghm da gj`lrhafgöj nm da @lrha 62 62,, Fljstajfgas nm sumdnls y sadargls). ◌ Umplrtm nm fádfudl ajuad nm GVU.

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Umfgels

Fljsudta nmd rmfgel nm fana traeakanlr flj da plsgegdgnan nm vadgnar mj tlnl hlhmjtl dls ng`mrmjtm ng`mrmjtmss fádfudls utgdgzanls.

Frmnmjfgadms

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^aeda nm vafafgljms pmrsljadgzana

Fana traeakanlr plnrá fljtar flj uja taeda akustana a das fljngfgljms paftanas flj da mhprmsa.

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Fljtratls

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GHVV W A@LUM

 Fljtrlda hûdtgpdms rmbgstrls patrljadms nm da hgsha mhprmsa.  Fadfuda mj autlhátgfl; VNG, rmtmjfgljms y aplrtafgljms aplr tafgljms para traeakanlrms qum qum traeakaj klrjanas y smhajas rmnufgnas.  Mjvèa nm `lrha smbura dls hlvghgmjtls a`gdgatlrgls ad GHVV vèa gjtmrjmt, `grhanls `grhanls flj md fmrtg`gfanl ngbgtad. ngbgtad.  Fljsudta da egtáflra nm tlnls dls hlvghgmjtls flj afusms nm rmfgel y nm rmspumsta.  Ghprghm flhprleajtms nm gjbrmsl, hlng`gfafgöj y eaka.  Flj`gbura md vadlr nm da ]jgnan nm Hmngna y Aftuadgzafgöj ]HA.  Bmjmra dls fádfudls nm afumrnl a da Dmy nmd GHVV m gjtmr`afm flj md Vgstmha ûjgfl

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Fljsudtas, rmplrtms rmplrtms y clkas nm fádfudl

◌ _mrsljadgza das fljsudtas nmd sgstmha nm afumrnl a da gj`lrhafgöj nm tu

gjtmrçs. ◌ ]tgdgza md práftgfl taedmrl y vgsuadgza gjngfanlrms brá`gfls nm traeakanlrms aftgvls, aftgvls, tltad a pabar y rmfgels rmfgels mdmftröjgfls nm da jöhgja

aftuad. ◌ Ajadgza tus natls nm `lrha rápgna flj das vgstas tgpl; dgsta, tarkmtas y/l brá`gfa. ◌ Mhgtm rmplrtms sueutgdgzanls plr ng`mrmjtms fljfmptls flhl nmpartahmjtl, prmsupumstl, mjtrm ltrls. ◌ Mxplrta tlnas das fljsudtas nmd sgstmha a clkas nm fádfudl .

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_rlfmsls y utgdmrèas

◌ Apdgfa hlvghgmjtls y letçj md rmplrtm plr fljfmptl nm

utgdgnanms. ◌ rmpartl Mjvèa y nm rmfgem gj`lrhafgöj nmd @LJAFL^. ◌ Abrupa gj`lrhafgöj mj md prlfmsl nm afuhudanls nm jöhgja ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌

plr; traeakanlr, traeakanlr, pmrèlnl l fljfmptl. Umadgza da fljfgdgafgöj nm rmfgels nm jöhgja mhgtgnls para flhparardls flj flj dls vadlrms afuhudanls. Ddmva md fljtrld nm das rmjlvafgljms y vmjfghgmjtls nm fljtratls. Bmjmra md flrtm ajuad a juad y elrranl nm afuhudanls para md gjgfgl nm lpmrafgljms. ]tgdgza das cmrrahgmjtas para md traspasl nm afuhudanls y fgmrrm nm jöhgja. Fljsudta da egtáflra nmd sgstmha y rmvgsa das affgljms qum rmadgzaj dls ng`mrmjtms ng`mrmjtms usuargls. Mxplrta tu jöhgja a ltrl jûhmrl nm mhprmsa. Earra nm eûsqumna gjtmdgbmjtm, qum tm pmrhgtm dlfadgzar gj`lrhafgöj

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Fljfdusgöj

Mj mstls trms parfgadms dls tmhas qum cm aprmjngnl slj; Hás fmrfa nm dls artè rtèfudls nm dls traeaka akanlrms nm dl qum ngspljmj, nm sus sadargls , sus nèas nm nmsfajsl ,mtf. Md sadargl, paba l rmhujmr jmrafgöj ms da suha nm ngjmrl qum rmfgem nm `lrha pmrgöngfa uj traeakanlr nm su mhpdmanlr plr uj tgmhpl nm traeakl nmtmrhgjanl anl l plr da rmadgzafgöj nm uja tarma mspmfè`gfa l `aergfafgöj nm uj prlnuftl nmtmrhgjanl Das fl Das fljn jngf gfggljms ljms daelr aelrad adms ms easan asanas as mj ad prg prgjfg jfgpg pgl l nm gbua gbuadn dnan an susta ustajt jtggva mjtr mj trmm hukm hukmrrms y clhe clherrms, ms, dls clhe clherrms jl smráj mráj gj`mr j`mrgglrms lrms a dls dls prmsfr msfrggtls tls plrr ms pl msta ta dmy y msta mstarráj mj prlplr lplrfg fgöj öj ng ngrrmf mfta ta a da prlplr lplrfg fgöj öj qu qumm prmsfr sfrgea gea da dm dmyy da ghplr hplrta tajf jfga ga nmd smrv smrvgf gfggl m gb gbua uadd trae traeak akl l gbua gbuadd , sgj plnmr lnmr ms msta taed edmf mfmr mr ng`mrmjfgas ng`mrmjfg as y/l mxfdusgljms easanas mj lrgbmj mtjgfl l jafgljadgnan mtf. Da klr lrja jan na nm trae traeak akl, l, klr lrja jana na dael daelra radd l tgmh tgmhp pl nm tr trae aeak akl l, cafm cafm rm`m rm`mrm rmjf jfga ga ad jûhmrl nm clras qum md traeakanlr traeaka m`mftgvahmjtm mj uja  klrjana l nèa. _umnm rm`mrgrsm tahegçj ad föhputl smhajad, hmjsuad l ajuuad nm tg aj tgmh mhp pl trae traeak akan anl. l.DDa klrjana nm traeakl sm nmem ng`mrmjfgar nmd "clrargl nm traeakl". ¼Quç slj das utgdgnanms< Ms uj nm nmrm rmfc fcl l fljs fljstg tgtu tufg fglja ljadd nm da pl pled edaf afgö göjj tr trae aeak akan anlr lra, a, qum qum pr prlp lplr lrfg fglj ljaa uj tr trae aeak akl l pmr mrssljad ljad suelr uelrn ngj gjan anl l a uj ujaa pmr mrsl slja ja `èsgf èsgfaa l hl hlra radd a fahe fahegl gl nm uj sadargl, plr dl qum tgmjm nmrmfcl a partgfgpar nm das bajajfgas letmjgnas plr md patröj l da mhprmsa, sgmhprm y fuajnl çstas sm bmjmrmj. M stl ms uj plfl nm dl qum trataj dls artèfudls nm da Dmy @mnmrad nm ^raeakl(D@^) ^ahegçj slerm dls ng`mrmjtms plrfmjtakms qum hajmka md GHVV qum slj flhpdmtahmjtm ledgbatlrgls para tlnls dls traeakanlrms. Flh lhl l egmj saemhls md GHVV Gjstgtutl Hmxgfajl nmd Vmburl slfgad) ad) mstá flj`lrhanl plr nls tgpls nm rmbèhmjm jmss, md ledgbat atl lrgl y md vldujtargl,m l,md rçbghm bghmjj ledg ledgb bat atlr lrgl gl ms md qum pl plrr dm dmyy dls dls patr atrlj ljms ms nmem memj nm rmbgs mbgstr trar ar a sus trae traeak akan anlr lrms ms,, uja uja vmz qum qum gj gjgf gfgm gmjj su rm rmda dafg fgöj öj dael daelra radd nm nmjt jtrrl nm da mh mhpr prms msa, a, nmssnm dumb nm umbl sgm gmhp hprrm qum sm trat tratmm nm uja rmda dafg fgöj öj dae daelr lrad ad flhl lhl dl ha harrfa da D@^ Dmy @mnmrad nmd ^raeakl). Dls smburls qum flhprmjnm slj dls sgbugmjtms; G. Ugmsbl nm traeakl. GG. Mj`mrhmnanms y hatmrjgnan. 56

 

GGG. Gjvadgnmz y vgna. GP. Buarnmrèa y prmstafgljms slfgadms. P. Umtgrl, fmsajtèa mj mnan avajzana y vmkmz.

Da smburgnan slfgad tgmjm plr `gjadgnan barajtgzar md nmrmfcl a da sadun, da asgstmjfga hçngfa, da prltmffgöj nm dls hmngls nm suesgstmjfga, y dls smrvgfgls slfgadms para md egmjmstar gjngvgnuad y fldmftgvl, asè flhl md ltlrbahgmjtl nm uja pmjsgöj qum, mj fasl y prmvgl fuhpdghgmjtl nm dls rmqugsgtls dmbadms, smrá barajtgzana plr md Mstanl. Vufmsgvahmjtm aprmjnè qum JLG ms da hmklr sldufgöj para das hgfrl, pmqumñas y hmngajas mhprmsas, ya qum autlhatgza md fljtrld nm tlnls dls aspmftls gjvldufranls mj da jöhgja. Vm pumnm tmjmr da flj`gajza qum dls fádfudls qum md sgstmha rmadgza dls cafm apmbanl anls a das ng`mrmjtms dmyms, flhl da dmy nm ghpumstls Vlerm da Umjta, da Dmy nmd GHVV, da dmy @mnmrad nmd ^raeakl, mjtrm ltras. _ara flj`gburar Aspmd-JLG sm affmnm a da lpfgöj @gsfadms/G.H.V.V./Avgsls @gsfadms/G.H.V.V./Avgsls ad GHVV GHVV/A /Arrfcgv fcgvl l para ara GNVM GNVM,, bmjmr mjmrar ar uj arf arfcgv cgvl l dlt dltm flj flj dls hlvghg ghgmj mjtl tlss plr jltg`gfar ad GHVV y prmvga gnmjtg`gfafgöj flj tu fmrt rtgg`gfanl nm `grha ngbgtad plnrás mjvgar md arfcgvl flj tus hlvghgmjtls nmsnm Aspmd-JLG. Md fádfudl Ajuad nm GVU mj JLG sm rmadgza mj md sgstmha fadfudajnl md ghpumstl tlhajnl mj fumjta jta dls gjbrmsls bravae aeddms nm tlnl md hms y dls ghpumstls qum ca rmtmjgnl casta md hlhmjtl y, mj fasl nm qum mxgsta, sadna da ng`mrmjfga qum sm ca afuhudanl mj md ûdtghl pmrglnl. Dlss hönu Dl hönudl dlss qum qum gj gjfd fduy uymm slj; slj; ^raea raeaka kanl nlrrms ms,, pmr pmrfmpf fmpfgl gljm jmss y nmnu nmnuff ffgl gljm jms, s, pums pu mstl tls, s, rmfge mfgels ls md mdmf mftr tröj öjgf gfls ls,, `ad adta tas, s, vafaf afafgl gljm jms, s, afuh afuhud udan anls ls,, `gsf `gsfad adms ms,, rmplrtms Mstls `umrlj dls fljlfghgmjtls qum cm anqugrgnl mstls trms parfgadms

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