Manual de Apoio Ufcd 9185

 

 

DKOSKI LC K^FEF

@ursf/Soelklc7 8=;

Mfrdklfr/k7 Eskjci Gcsus

Cspc`emequc f Ofdc lf @ursf/Soelklc7 Pcrveèfs lc Kpfef k @rekoèks c Gfvcos @ðlehf lk Soelklc (sc kpie`ëvci)75;23 / @uelklfs lc rfteok leërek c ktevelklcs prfdftfrks lf @krhk bfrërek7 :3 bfrks Bfrks lc Mfrdkèàf lcscovfivedcotf lk `rekoèk  Eolequc f @ðlehf lk Soelklc7 5;23

 

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ÄEOLE@C7

;. EO\ZFLSÈÀF 7........................... 7................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ...............................................= .........................= :. ^PE@FIFHEK  C ^CLKHFHEK ...................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ....................................= ..............= 0. ;.^PE@FIFHEK  C @FO@CE\F  LF  LCPCO]FI]EDCO\F  LK @ZEKOÈK  - LCMEOEÈÀF ..............8 deoutfs, lesteohuer ks ktevelklcs prfdftfrks lks `rekoèks.

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F/K mfrdkolf/k lcvcrë scr `kpkz lc, elcoteme`kr, lc `fr pcif dcofs < rcmcrço`eks lf  pikockdcotf lks lks rfteoks leëreks. F/K mfrdkolf/k lcvcrë scr `kpkz lc coudcrkr, scd rc`ursf kf dkouki lc kpfef cd 3 deoutfs, kihudks tkrcmks quc sc lcvc rckiezkr `fd udk `rekoèk ok sf`ekiezkèàf c kutfofdezkèàf.

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F/K mfrdkolf/k lcvcrë scr `kpkz lc, lcmeoer, scd rc`ursf kf dkouki lc kpfef, cd ;> deoutfs, ks cstrktåheks lc edpicdcotkèàf lc ktevelklcs.

 

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@FO\C×LFP ^ZFHZKDË\E@FP7 ^ZFHZKDË\E@FP7 

Mfrdks lc frhkoezkèàf lf cspkèf mäse`f, lf cquepkdcotf c dktcreki oc`cssëref kf cxcr`ä`ef lc kdk.

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Lcscovfivedcotf Lcscovfivedc otf lks rfteoks `fd ks `rekoèks.

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Cotrklk, k`fibedcotf c skälk lks `rekoèks c mkdeiekrcs.

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@uelklfs lc behecoc.

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Kpfef ok kiedcotkèàf.

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Lcs`kosf.

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@uelklfs cd setukèàf lc lfcoèk fu k`elcotc.

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Ktevelklcs prfdftfrks lf lcscovfivedcotf lcscovfivedcotf `fd `rekoèks lfs > kfs 0 kofs.

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Gfhfs scosfrefdftfrcs. scosfrefdftfrcs. Gfhfs rcik`efokes fu muo`efokes.

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Gfhfs sedjðie`ks fu ’mkz lc `fotk—.

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Gfhfs lc ieohukhcd7 bestðreks, icohkicohks, lcstrkvk iäohuks, `koèócs, futrks.

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^ikockdcotf lks rfteoks leëreks c lks ktevelklcs prfdftfrks lf lcscovfivedcotf. lcscovfivedcotf.

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Edpfrtêo`ek lf jreo`kr of `fotcxtf lk rcikèàf c lfs `uelklfs leërefs î `rekoèk.

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^kpci lf kluitf of jreo`kr.

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Pf`ekiezkèàf c kutfofdezkèàf lk `rekoèk.

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Lcs`fjcrtk lf dueolf okturki.

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Edpfrtêo`ek lk hkrkotek lc `foteouelklc lks rfteoks lk `rekoèk ok kdk c ok mkdäiek.

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EO\ZFLSÈÀF7

F dkouki cstë cstruturklf lc mfrdk k pflcr scr uteiezklf lc udk mfrdk dkes prëte`k, sfj k mfrdk lc ud hueàf pkrk k cikjfrkèàf lc ud pikof lc trkjkibf. F prcscotc dkouki kjfrlk ks mfrdks lc frhkoezkèàf lf cspcèf mäse`f, cquepkdcotfs c dktcreki oc`cssëref kf cxcr`ä`ef lc kdk. K pcrteoço`ek lf lcscovfivedcotf lks rfteoks lks `rekoèks of  prf`cssf lc kprcolezkhcd.  Of coquklrkdcotf tcðre`f kjfrlk sc oudk predcerk pkrtc f lcscovfivedcotf lks rfteoks lks `rekoèks, lcslc k cotrklk î skälk lk kdk. Oudk schuolk pkrtc co`fotrk sc rcmcrelf ks ktevelklcs prfdftfrks lf lcscovfivedcotf `fd `rekoèks lfs > kfs 0 kofs, kssed `fdf, fs gfhfs lelëte`fs c cstrktåheks lc edpicdcotkèàf lks rfteoks c ktevelklcs, eo`iueolf rchrks c iedetcs.

 

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 ;.^ PE@FIFHEK C @FO@CE\F LF  LCPCO]FI]EDCO\F  LK  @ZEKOÈK LCMEOEÈÀF

Ks lcmeoeèócs lc pse`fifhek tçd vkreklf of tcdpf c lc k`frlf `fd ks `krktcräste`ks lc scus kutfrcs. @fotulf bfgc k ^se`fifhek å, `fduddcotc, lcmeoelk `fdf k `eço`ek quc cstulk k dcotc c f `fdpfrtkdcotf budkof, tcotkolf ktrkvås lc prf`cssfs d÷itepifs `fdprccolcr f dflf `fdf f scr budkof sc eolevelukiezk. K ^se`fifhek lf lcscovfivedcotf vesk k lcs`reèàf, cxpie`kèàf c ftedezkèàf lfs prf`cssfs lc lcscovfivedcotf kf ifohf lc tflk k velk, lk `fo`cèàf ktå î dfrtc. @fdprccolcr ks dulkoèks `fotäouks lf scr budkof fpcrklks kf ifohf lk velk c lcs`fjrer ks rkzócs lcssks dulkoèks tcd `fostetuälf ud lcskmef pkrk k ^se`fifhek, ofdcklkdcotc ofdcklkdcotc pkrk fs  pse`ðifhfs lf lcscovfiv lcscovfivedcotf. edcotf. ^fr lcscovfivedc lcscovfivedcotf otf cotcolc-sc f `foguotf lc dulkoèks `fotäouks of scr budkof kf ifohf lk suk cxestço`ek. F lcscovfivedcotf budkof å ud prf`cssf lc `rcs`edcotf c dulkoèk k oävci mäse`f, lf `fdpfrtkdcotf, `fhoetevf c cdf`efoki kf ifohf lk velk. Cd `klk mksc surhcd `krk`tcräste`ks cspc`äme`ks.

Cxestcd lfes tepfs lc dulkoèks lcscovfivedcotkes7 lcscovfivedcotkes7 qukotetktevk c qukietktevk  Dulkoèk qukotetktevk å

udk dulkoèk of o÷dcrf fu qukotelklc, tki `fdf ok kiturk, pcsf,

vf`kjuiëref fu mrcquço`ek lc `fduoe`kèàf. `fduoe`kèàf.  Dulkoèk qukietktevk å

udk dulkoèk of tepf, cstruturk fu frhkoezkèàf, tki `fdf k dulkoèk

quc f`frrc oudk `rekoèk, lc oàf-vcrjki pkrk scr `kpkz lc `fdprccolcr pkikvrks c lc `fduoe`kr vcrjkidcotc.

Kpcskr lfs prf`cssfs mäse`fs c pse`fiðhe`fs lf lcscovfivedcotf scrcd fs dcsdfs  pkrk tflks ks `rekoèks `rekoèks ofrdkes, f sc scuu rcsuitklf å lemcrc lemcrcotc otc ‐ tki `fdf fs kluitfs kluitfs sàf lemcrcotcs  

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cotrc se. F `fob `fobc` c`ed edco cotf tf lk lkss le lemc mcrc rcot otcs cs ctkp ctkpks ks lf lc lcsc scov ovfi five vedc dcot otf, f, k su sukk ko kotc tc`e `epk pkèà èàff c k`fo k`fosc scib ibkd kdco cotf tf sfjr sfjrcc ks ktev ktevel elkl klcs cs quc quc pflc pflcd d kg kgul ulkr kr k pr prfd fdfv fvcr cr k kq kque uese seèà èàff lk lkss `fdpctço`eks, pflcd cvetkr kihuos lfs prfjicdks rcik`efoklfs `fd mktfrcs kdjecotkes c crrfs fu ik`uoks ok csteduikèàf lk `rekoèk. Kssed, dkes lf quc kpcoks lctctkr fs lcsvefs  pktfiðhe`fs lk ofrdkielklc, å edpfrtkotc skjcr lctctkr tkdjåd fs lcsvefs mesefiðhe`fs c  pkssävces lc `frrcèàf ktrkvås lc dclelks sedpics. ^flc mkzcr k lemcrcoèk eo`cotevkr fs pkes k  jreo`kr `fd f scu meibf lc udk mfrdk dkes lerehelk, lerehelk, coseokolf-fs k lereher fs scus cstäduifs c k skjcr quc gfhfs uskr. ^fr futrf iklf, f rc`fobc`edcotf lfs lcsvefs pktfiðhe`fs å tkdjåd edpfrtkotc pkrk quc ks `rekoèks scgkd seokiezklks dkes `clf. Sdk kvkiekèàf lf lcscovfivedcotf dkes `fdpictk c cspc`ekiezklk cspc`eki ezklk c eoe` eoe`ekr ekr eotc eotcrvcoè rvcoèàf àf f dkes prc`f`cdcot prc`f`cdcotcc pfssävci, pfssävci, tcotkolf tcotkolf kprfvcetk kprfvcetkrr k  pikste`elklc `crcjrki pkrk rc`upcrkr kihudks `fdpctço`eks c pkrk cvetkr f k`uduikr lc leme`uilklcs.

:.^ PE@FIFHEK C ^ CLKHFHEK

Cxestcd duetks l÷velks qukotf î lciedetkèàf lks ërcks lk pclkhfhek c lk pse`fifhek. [ucstócs `fdf ’f dcu meibf cstë `fd leme`uilklcs ok cs`fik, prc`esf lc ud pse`ðifhf fu lc ud pclkhfhf6— fu ’prc`esf quc dcu meibf rcmfr`c kihuos `fotc÷lfs `fd k pclkhfhk, dks k cs`fik pcleu quc mfssc rckiezklk udk kvkiekèàf pse`fpclkhðhe`k c cu oàf cotcolf quki k lemcrcoèk6— sàf duetf `fduos. K ^se`fifhek c k ^clkhfhek, kpcskr lc `eço`eks lesteotks, tçd duetks `fovcrhço`eks scolf pfr  essf muolkdcotki `fdprccolcr k cspc`eme`elklc lc `klk udk.

 

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K ^se`f ^se`fifh ifhek ek co` co`fot fotrkrk-sc sc mf`klk mf`klk of lc lcsco scovfi vfived vedcot cotff budkof budkof,, qucr qucr kf oävci oävci lf `fdpfr `fd pfrtkd tkdcot cotff quc qucrr kf oäv oävci ci lks cdf cdfèó èócs. cs. Fs ^se ^se`ði `ðifh fhfs fs pflcd pflcd cs cspc` pc`eki ekiezk ezkr-sc r-sc cd lemcrcotcs ërcks `fdf `iäoe`k, clu`k`efoki fu frhkoezk`efoki. @ksf f pse`ðifhf cstcgk k trkjkibkr `fd `rekoèks lcvcrë kprfmuolkr f scu `fobc`edcotf ocssk ërck lc dflf k cotcolcr  f muo`efokdcotf lk `rekoèk c lf scu prf`cssf lc kprcolezkhcd Ocstc êdjetf, pflcrë ktukr  oks cs`fiks (kuxeiekr cd prfgctfs clu`ktevfs lk cs`fik cotrc futrks ktevelklcs) fu cotàf ok `iäoe`k (kvkiekèócs pse`fiðhe`ks, pkicstrks c eotcrvcoèàf, scolf quc scu mf`f lc trkjkibf scràf ks qucstócs cdf`efokes, mkdeiekrcs, sf`ekes c cs`fikrcs lk `rekoèk, ks qukes pflcd fu oàf cstkr  rcik`efoklks kf prf`cssf lc kprcolezkhcd lf kiuof. K ^clkhfhek å udk `eço`ek quc `fdcèfu k lcscovfivcr-sc of så`uif RER. K pclkhfhek cstulk levcrsfs tcdks rcik`efoklfs î clu`kèàf, tkotf of kspctf tcðre`f qukotf of prëte`f. K  pclkhfhek tcd `fdf fjgctevf preo`epki k dcibfrek of prf`cssf lc kprcolezkhcd kprcolezkhcd lfs eolevälufs, ktrkvås lk rcmicxàf, sestcdktezkèàf c prfluèàf lc `fobc`edcotfs. @fdf `eço`ek sf`eki, k pclkhfhek cstk `foc`tklk `fd fs kspctfs lk sf`eclklc c tkdjåd `fd ks ofrdks clu`k`efokes lf pkäs. \ki `fdf mfe rcmcrelf cxestcd duetks `fovcrhço`ek `fovcrhço`ekss cotrc k ^se`fifhek c k ^clkhfhek pcif quc k pkr`crek cotrc pse`ðifhfs c pclkhfhfs å duetf re`k c cme`kz, udk vcz quc kdjks ks  prfmessócs tçd `fdf mf`f f jcd-cstkr lfs eolevälufs c scu lcscovfivedc lcscovfivedcotf. otf. Cstcs  prfmessefokes `fotrejucd `fd f scu trkjkibf pkrk quc k kprcolezkhcd, kprcolezkhcd, f `fdpfrtkdcotf, k elcotelklc, k sf`ekjeielklc c futrfs cicdcotfs quc `fdpictkd f scr budkof f`frrkd lk dcibfr mfrdk pfssävci.

 

0.M K@\FZCP @FOLE@EFOKO\CP LF  LCPCO]FI]EDCO\F EOMKO\EI

 

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F lcscovfivedcotf lk `rekoèk å kmctklf pfr ud `foguotf lc mktfrcs quc pflcd scr  prfdftfrks fu `fostetuer res`f pkrk f lcscovfivedcotf.

 Mktfrcs ^rfdftfrcs ^rfdftfrcs lf Lcscovfivedcotf Lcscovfivedcotf

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 Mktfrcs lc Zes`f Zes`f pkrk f Lcscovfivedcotf Lcscovfivedcotf

^krk quc f lcscovfivedcotf lk `rekoèk pcr`frrk tflks ks ërcks muolkdcotkes, k duibcr  (coqukotf hcstkotc) lcvc prf`urkr prf`clcr k udk sårec lc `fdpfrtkdcotfs muolkdcotkes muolkdcotkes quc  pcrdetkd f jfd lcscovfivedcotf lcscovfivedcotf eotrk eotrkutcreof. utcreof. Kpðs f oks`edcotf, k `rekoèk lcvc vcr ks suks oc`csselklcs outre`efokes c lc sfof sktesmcetks, scoter-sc schurk c kdklk lcotrf lf o÷`icf mkdeiekr c lespfr lc vëreks fpfrtuoelklcs lc eotcrkèàf sf`eki cd kdjecotcs `fostrutevfs, csteduikotcs c schurfs.  

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F k`fdpkobkdcotf dåle`f klcquklf c k prcvcoèàf lc setukèócs lc lfcoèk mrcqucotc (fu `fdprccosàf mk`c k lfcoèks `rðoe`ks, pfr cxcdpif) pkrc`cd `fotrejuer, `foguotkdcotc `fd futrks `foleèócs, pkrk f jfd lcscovfivedcotf lk `rekoèk, coqukotf cstruturks pfsetevks lc kpfef. Cmctev Cmc tevkdc kdcotc otc,, f lcscov lcscovfiv fivedc edcotf otf lk `re `rekoè koèkk pkr pkrc` c`cc f`frrc f`frrcrr ktrkvå ktrkvåss lk sktesm sktesmkè kèàf àf lks oc`csselklcss jëse`ks lc sk÷lc c behecoc, lf covfivedcotf kmctevf, lk `fovevço`ek eotcosk c lk oc`csselklc cxpfseèàf `fotäouk kf duolf lf kluitf. F covfivedcotf lf jcjå cd trf`ks eotcrok`efokes sehoeme`ktevks pcrdetc `fo`rctezkr udk lks oc`csselklcs predëreks lk `rekoèk7 f kpchf fu veo`uikèàf (f `fo`cetf lc veo`uikèàf scrë cxpifrklf klekotc). Sdk veo`uikèàf schurk lcpcolc lc ud hrku ðtedf lc csteduikèàf eotcrktevk, lc ud pkr`cerf  prcvesävci, `fduoe`ktevf c quc trkosdetk schurkoèk schurkoèk.. Lkä quc sc kssudk quc k mkik dktcrok `kreobfsk, f `fotk`tf mäse`f prðxedf, f `fif c k kdkdcotkèà kdkdcotkèàff okturki, pfr cxcdpif, prfluzcd (duetf prfvkvcidcotc) cmcetfs surprccolcotcs of lcscovfivedcotf. ^fr futrf iklf, k jkexk qukielklc quki elklc oks rcikèócs rcikèócs cstkjcic cstkjcic`elks `elks `fd fs pkes pkes,, `krk `krk`tcre `tcrezklk zklkss `fdf `fdpfrtkd `fdpfrtkdcotfs cotfs bfstes bfs tes,, puoete puoetevfs vfs,, kut kutfre fretër tërefs efs,, eo`fos eo`fosest estcot cotcs cs c k mrk mrk`k `k kmc kmceèà eèàff c ktcoèà ktcoèàff pkrc` pkrc`cd cd cs cstkr  tkr  cstr cstrce cetk tkdc dcot otcc kssf kssf`e `ekl klfs fs kf kpkr kpkrc` c`ed edco cotf tf lc pr prfj fjic icdk dkss ok `r `rek ekoè oèkk kf oä oävc vcii lf lcscovfivedcotf lcscovfivedc otf pse`fiðhe`f. K dàc, cd cspc`eki, scdprc surheu `fdf mehurk `cotrki of duolf lk `rekoèk. @fotulf, cd  pfu`ks lå`klks, f pke `fdcèfu tkdjåd k dkr`kr f scu iuhkr covfivcolf-sc covfivcolf-sc c pkrte`epkolf ktevkdcotc ok clu`kèàf c `uelklfs prcstklfs î `rekoèk. Ks prcscoèks lk mehurk pktcrok guotf lfs scus meibfs corequc`cd k kutfedkhcd lcstcs c `fotrejucd pkrk ud kpfef mkdeiekr dkes cstëvci î `rekoèk. Lcstk mfrdk, f covfivedcotf lf pke trkluz-sc oud mktfr pfsetevf of lcscovfivedcotf lcscovfivedc otf lk `rekoèk. F kpfef sf`eki lklf pcifs kvðs `fotrejue, ehukidcotc, pkrk ud `rcs`edcotf skulëvci. Cstks mehurks làf ud scotelf lc `foteouelklc kfs pkes, ud ikèf vetki. \kdjåd fs erdàfs c futrfs dcdjrf dcd jrfss lk mkd mkdäie äiekk pfs pfssej sejeie eietkd tkd k `fo `fostr struèà uèàff lk cs cstru trutur turkk jë jëse` se`kk k pk pkrter rter lk quki quki sc lcscovfi lcsc ovfivc vc k pcrsf pcrsfokiel okielklc klc lk `reko `rekoèk, èk, mkvfr mkvfrc`c c`colf olf f jfd lcs lcscovf covfivedc ivedcotf otf lk `rekoèk `rekoèk lurkotc fs predcerfs kofs lc velk.  

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K pkrter lk kiturk cd quc k `rekoèk eohrcssk oud `fotcxtf lc k`fibedcotf (`rc`bc, pfr  cxcdpi cxc dpif), f), fs cl clu`k u`klfr lfrcs cs (c ku kuxei xeiekr ekrcs cs fu kdk kdks) s) pks pksskd skd,, ehu ehukid kidcot cotc, c, k sc scrr mehurk mehurkss lc rcmcrço`ek `fd hrkolc rcspfoskjeielklc kfs oävces lk clu`kèàf c prcstkèàf lc `uelklfs lc sk÷lc, behecoc c schurkoèk. Cstcs kluitfs pksskd, kssed, k scr dflcifs k edetkr c pcssfks cd qucd sc cspcrk quc k `rekoèk `fomec. Cd sudk, tulf kqueif quc å prfdfvelf veskolf f jcd-cstkr lk `rekoèk kssudc-sc `fdf ud mktfr mkvfrëvci kf lcscovfivedcotf. Pcdprc quc surhercd fjstë`uifs fu `rescs, `kjc kfs kluitfs kuxeiekr k `rekoèk ok lcs`fjcrtk lks suks pftco`ekielklcs pftco`ekielklcs c `fdpctço`eks, k med lc quc sc `fo `fostr strukd ukd fs kie`cr kie`cr`c `css pc pcssf ssfkes kes lc lc lcmcs mcsk, k, rcseie rcseieço` ço`ek ek c ku kutfo tfofde fdek, k, muolkd muolkdcot cotkes kes kf kpkrc`edcotf lk kutf`fomekoèk c lk kutfdftevkèàf.

 

;: / :=

 

lf så`uif RR, ktå î ktukielklc, quc sc lcoftkd cxtrcdks dulkoèks sf`ekes quc tçd eomiuco`eklf ks pfiäte`ks c ks prëte`ks lc clu`kèàf c `uelklfs pkrk k eomêo`ek. Cotrc ciks, pfr cxcdpif, k cvfiuèàf hrkluki lk eol÷strek kicklk î lestrejueèàf lk pfpuikèàf tcolco`ekidcotc pkrk zfoks urjkoks c sujurjkoks, rcsuitkolf kihudk lespkrelklc k oävci rchefoki1 k `rcs`cotc pkrte`epkèàf lk duibcr of dcr`klf lc trkjkibf, tfrokolf-sc `klk vcz dkes ktevk c eolcpcolcotc1 k cdehrkèàf ofs kofs => c 8>, `foguotkdcotc `fd k hucrrk `fifoe `fi foeki ki (;5 (;5=;=;-;58 ;58/25. Fs fjgctevfs lk `rc`bc lcmeoelfs ocstc Lcspk`bf Ofrdktevf sàf7 ’k) ^rfpfr`efokr f ktcoledcotf eolevelukiezklf lk `rekoèk oud `iedk lc schurkoèk kmctevk c mäse`k quc `fotrejuk pkrk f scu lcscovfivedcotf hifjki1  j) `fikjfrkr cstrcetkdcotc `fd k mkdäiek oudk pkrteibk lc `uelklfs c rcspfoskjeielklcs rcspfoskjeielklcs cd tflf f prf`cssf cvfiutevf lc `klk `rekoèk1  `) @fikjfrkr of lcspestc prc`f`c lc qukiqucr eoklkptkèàf fu lcme`eço`ek, co`kdeobkolf klcquklkdcotc ks setukèócs lctctklks— (Lcspk`bf Ofrdktevf o.· 55/25, Ofrdk EE). Purherkd tkdjåd ofrdks lc `foleèócs däoedks lc eostkikèàf c muo`efokdcotf lks `rc`bcs, ks qukes ktcolekd kf jcrèëref, îs skiks lc ktevelklcs, î `fpk lc icetcs, î `fzeobk, î skik lc rcmceèócs, îs eostkikèócs skoetëreks, kfs hkjeoctcs c k futrfs cspkèfs. Å lc skiecotkr, pkrk quc sc `fosehk  pcr`cjcr dkes î mrcotc ks levcrhço`eks c k cvfiuèàf lk cxehço`ek oks `foleèócs lks `rc`bcs, quc rcquesetfs me`krkd cstepuiklfs qukotf î `kpk`elklc lks skiks. Of jcrèëref (sujlevelelf cd lfes cspkèfs) f o÷dcrf :0 dëxedf lc fetf jcrèfs ok skik lfs jcrèfs c : d: pfr `klk `rekoèk ok skik-pkrquc folc cstks cstkvkd cd ktevelklc.

Gë oks rcstkotcs7 ’k) `klk hrupf lc `rekoèks lc elklcs `fdprccolelks cotrc k kqueseèàf lk dkr`bk c fs :< dcscs lcvcrë lespfr lc udk skik `fd k `kpk`elklc dëxedk lc ;> `rekoèks1  j) @klk hrupf lc `rekoèks lc elklcs `fdprccolelks `fdprccolelks cotrc fs :< c fs 0= dcscs lcvcrë lespfr  lc udk skik `fd k `kpk`elklc dëxedk lc ;3 `rekoèks— (Lcspk`bf Ofrdktevf o.· 55/25,  Ofrdk ]E). Crk tkdjåd pcrdetelk k udk eostetueèàf fptkr pfr hrupfs bctcrfhåocfs bctcrfhåocfs (cotrc k  

;= / :=

 

kqueseèàf lk dkr`bk c fs treotk c sces dcscs), ocstc `ksf, iedetkolf k skik k lcz `rekoèks, cstepuikolf :,3 d: pfr `rekoèk. @fdpeikolf ks preo`epkes elceks lk ichesikèàf quc tcd veolf k scr kok kokies ieskl klkk c, kpc kpcskr skr lks lemcrc lemcrcoèk oèkss oàf scr scrcd cd due duetf tf k`cotu k`cotukl klks, ks, pf pflc lc kmerdk kmerdkr-sc r-sc k edpfrtêo`ek quc k `rekoèk `fdcèk k tcr of `fotcxtf sf`eki, rcmfrèkolf k pkrteibk lc kmctf c k  prcstkèàf lc `uelklfs jëse`fs mäse`fs, cdf`efokes, sf`ekes c `fhoetevfs. Cd ;55=, k Lercèàf Hcrk Hc rkii lk Kèàf Kèàf Pf`e Pf`eki ki (L (LHK HKP) P) pu puji jie` e`fu fu ud Hu Hueà eàff \å`o \å`oe` e`ff qu qucc tc tcd d `f `fd d fj fjgc gcte tevf vf k edpicdcotkèàf lc cquepkdcotfs lc kpfef îs `rekoèks quc oàf pflcd cstrk `fd k mkdäiek lurkotc udk pkrtc lf lek. Ocic sc cs`ikrc`cd lcz ofrdks pkrk k edpikotkèàf lks `rc`bcs ‐  if`kiezkèàf, eostkikèàf c muo`efokdcotf. Cstc lf`udcotf dkotåd fs fjgctevfs cspc`äme`fs  predkrekdcotc lc`elelfs cd ;525. Ocstc hueàf sàf cxehelks îs `rc`bcs pcqucoks kitcrkèócs qukotf kfs cspkèfs, ofdcklkdcotc of quc `fo`croc îs `fpks lc icetcs quc pksskrkd k eotchrkr k `fzeobk c î kqueseèàf lk zfok lc behecoezkèàf c lfs ëtrefs lc k`fibedcotf c lc scrveèf. Cstc lf`udcotf kprcscotk kihudk les`frlêo`ek, qukotf î `kpk`elklc dëxedk pcrdetelk pfr   jcrèëref, skik lc ktevelklcs c mkexk ctërek. Ok pëheok lcz, quc rcdctc î E] Ofrdk - skik lc ktevelklcs c lc rcmceèócs, cxpie`etk7 ’k) @klk hrupf lc `rekoèks lc elklcs `fdprccolelks cotrc k kqueseèàf lk dkr`bk c fs :< dcscs lcvcrë lespfr lc udk skik `fd `kpk`elklc dëxedk pkrk ;>/;: `rekoèks1 j) @klk hrupf lc `rekoèks lc elklcs `fdprccolelks cotrc fs :< c 0= dcscs, lcvcrë lespfr lc udk skik `fd udk ërck däoedk lc :,3 d: pfr `rekoèk c udk `kpk`elklc dëxedk lc ;>/;: `rekoèks pfr skik—.  Of cotkotf, kotcs lc qukiqucr `fotk`tf sf`eki quc ud eoleveluf pfssk tcr, lc qukiqucr  lcscovfivedcotf lcscovfivedc otf quc sc pfssk kitcrkr, å rcicvkotc tcrdfs ofèàf lc quc å oc`cssëref sktesmkzcr  ks oc`csselklcs lks `rekoèks. ^frtuhki rcmcrc-sc, kssed, k cssks oc`csselklcs jëse`ks c îs cxpcreço`eks k prfpfr`efokr of êdjetf lc `klk udk lciks7

 

;8 / :=

 

 Oc`csselklcss lks `rekoèks Cxpcreço`eks prfpfr`efoklks Mäse`ks Muoèócs jëse`ks lc  Oc`csselklc sfjrcvevç sfjrcv evço`e o`ekk (`f (`fdcr dcr,, jcj jcjcr, cr, lfrder lfrder,, dfvedc dfvedcotk otkr, r, rch rchuik uikrr k tcdpcr tcdpcrktu kturk rk c lcs`ko lcs`koskr skr). ). Kmctufsks ^rfxedelklc mäse`k, iehkèócs kmctevks, rcikèócs `kifrfsks c ktcotks (kjrkèkr, jcegkr, dedkr). Lc schurkoèk Zcmcrço`eks c iedetcs, `fomekoèk, pflcr `fotkr `fd fs futrfs, `ikrczk. Lc rc`fobc`edcotf c kmerdkèàf Pcotedcotf lc scr k`cetc c kprc`eklf, cs`utklf c rcspcetklf  pcrkotc ud hrupf. Lc `fdpctço`ek `fdpctço`ek.. Pcoter quc å `kpkz, ki`koèkr fjgctevfs, tcr su`cssf,  prf`urkr lcskmefs. Lc sehoeme`klfs c vkifrcs ^cr`cèàf lc scotelf, scotedcotf pfsetevf cd rcikèàf k se prðpref c cd rcikèàf kfs futrfs/duolf (dcibfrkr k kutfcstedk c f kutf`fo`cetf).

^krk k sktesmkèàf lc tkes oc`csselklcs, c ok ieobk lc pcoskdcotf lk kutfrk, å oc`cssëref  prfpfr`efokr îs `rekoèks ud kdjecotc clu`ktevf `fdpctcotc1 ud cspkèf pclkhðhe`f, folc dktcrekes, tcdpfs c cspkèfs sàf frhkoezklfs c pikocklfs, `fd eotco`efokielklc clu`ktevk  prfvf`kolf f lcscovfivedc lcscovfivedcotf otf lk kprcolezkhc kprcolezkhcd d lk `rekoèk. Ks `rekoèks oc`cssetkd lc ud if`ki schurf c skulëvci, quc ibcs trkosdetk `fomekoèk c iejcrlklc pkrk `fotk`tkr `fd fs kluitfs rcspfosëvces pcif hrupf, pkrk cxpifrkrcd dktcrekes, pkrk eotcrkher `fd futrks `rekoèks c `fotk`tkr `fd ofvks cxpcreço`eks, pkrk quc f scu lcscovfivedc lcscovfivedcotf otf sc prf`cssc cd picof. K frhkoezkèàf c f cquepkdcotf lf cspkèf rcvcikd, pfrtkotf, udk edpfrtkotc kjfrlkhcd clu`ktevk, pfes ud kdjecotc jcd pcosklf c `cotrklf ok `rekoèk prfdfvc f lcscovfivedcotf mäse`f, `fduoe`kèàf, `fdpctço`eks `fhoetevks c eotcrkèócs sf`ekes.  Ocstc schuedcotf, ks predcerks ctkpks lk velk lc udk `rekoèk lcvcd pcrdeter udk cstkjeielklc kmctevk c udk mk`eietkèàf lc kprcolezkhcos sehoeme`ktevks. K `rc`bc rcprcscotk, sfjrctulf, ud kpfef oks cxpcreço`eks c oks oc`csselklcs lfs dkes pcqucofs. ^ikoeme`kr c frhkoezkr ud cspkèf pclkhðhe`f cxehc kihudks klvcrtço`eks c `uelklfs qukotf k kihuos  preo`äpefs, tkes `fdf jefiðhe`fs fu mäse`fs, pse`fiðhe`fs pse`fiðhe`fs,, krquetctðoe`fs, dåle`fs, lc schurkoèk c lc tepf lelëte`f. Fs preo`äpefs jefiðhe`fs cohifjkd ks oc`csselklcs jëse`ks lc sfjrcvevço`ek `fdf k kiedcotkèàf, behecoc c sfof. Gë fs preo`äpefs pse`fiðhe`fs kjrkohcd k  

;2 / :=

 

kutfofdek, k rcikèàf lf Cu c lf hrupf, k lcs`fjcrtk, k cxpcreço`ek, cotrc futrfs. ’[ukiqucr  cspkèf eotcrefr pkrk jreo`kr lcvc rcspfolcr î oc`csselklc quc fs jcjås tçd lc cstkr of `bàf, folc pflcd dcxcr-sc c cxpifrkr f scu kdjecotc edclektf, dkotcolf f clu`klfr of scu `kdpf lc vesàf c `bkdkolf k suk ktcoèàf— pfes fs jcjås c ks `rekoèks dkes ofvks klquercd eomfrdkèàf k pkrter lc tflks ks suks kèócs ‐ lc mfrdk scosfrefdftfrk. Pchuolf ^ekhct, f scosfreki mf`kiezk-sc ok rc`fibk lc eomfrdkèàf sfjrc f duolf ktrkvås lfs scotelfs c k dftfrk rcmcrc-sc kf dflf `fdf kprcolcd ktrkvås lk kèàf mäse`k. Ok vcrlklc, k `rc`bc lcvc csteduikr  f lcscovfivedcotf mäse`f, k `ffrlcokèàf dftfrk, f lcscovfivedcotf scosfreki c `fhoetevf, k muoèàf sedjðie`k c k ieohukhcd, fs bëjetfs lc behecoc c f rcik`efokdco r cik`efokdcotf tf `fd fs futrfs.

3. ^ CZP^C\E]KP ^CLKHÐHE@KP OK  @ZC@BC

Kprcolezkhcd ktevk - Lcslc quc oks`cd quc fs jcjås kprcolcd ktevkdcotc ktrkvås lks rcikèócs `fd ks pcssfks c ktrkvås lks cxpifrkèócs lfs dktcrekes lf ’scu duolf edclektf—1 fs  jcjås fjscrvkd, ki`koèkd, khkrrkd, ktrkcd k ktcoèàf1 c ktrkvås lks suks cxpifrkèócs…  pksskd k `fomekr. Ktrkvås lk kprcolezkhcd kprcolezkhcd ktevk c lks cxpcreço`eks f jcjå cxpifrk c jreo`k ‐  hkobk f scotelf lc se prðpref1 Cstkjcic`c rcikèócs sf`ekes sehoeme`ktevks1 covfivc-sc cd rcprcscotkèócs `rektevks1 lcs`fjrc f dfvedcotf c `fdf cic scrvc fs scus fjgctevfs1 `rek sestcdks lc ieohukhcd c lc `fduoe`kèàf1 cxpifrk fjgctfs (k cxpifrkr `fostrðe fs predcerfs `fo`cetfs lc qukotelklc c lc o÷dcrf, lc cspkèf c lc tcdpf). Eotcrkèàf kluitf-`rekoèk - Coqukotf ’cxpifrklfrcs— fs jcjås prc`eskd lk mfrèk c lk `frkhcd quc co`fotrkd oks eotcrkèócs `fd fs kluitfs cd qucd `fomekd (å pfr essf edpfrtkotc k `foteouelklc c jkexk rftktevelklc lc kluitfs). Å prc`esf cstkjcic`cr ud kdjecotc schurf cd quc fs kluitfs vccd ks ’`fesks— lf pfotf lc vestk lks `rekoèks, cstcgkd `fd ktcoèàf kfs eolä`efs lks `rekoèks cd vcz lc edpfrcd ks suks prðpreks elceks c kssudercd udk kjfrlkhcd  

;5 / :=

 

lc ’rcsfiuèàf lc prfjicdks kfs `fomietfs eotcrpcssfkes lks `rekoèks cd vcz lc ks `kstehkr fu rcsfivcr fs prfjicdks pfr ciks—. Kdjecotc mäse`f - ^krk kprcolcr lc mfrdk ktevk å prc`esf frhkoezkr ud kdjecotc quc co`frkgc k `rekoèk k fibkr, fuver, khetkr, rcjfikr, hkteobkr, cs`kikr, jkifeèkr, skitkr, lcs`koskr, `fdcr, mkzcr jkruibf, khkrrkr fu rfcr fu lcexkr `ker `fesks c sugkr, lc vcz cd qukolf. Å prc`esf udk hrko hrkolc lc vkre vkrecl clkl klcc lc dk dktc tcrek rekes es11 quc quc bkgk bkgk ud udkk kr krru rudk dkèà èàff `f `fos oses estc tcot otcc lf lfss dktc dktcre reke kes, s,  pcrsfokiezklk c k`cssävci1 quc cxestk udk ërck lc jreo`klcerks c lc `uelklfs c å prc`esf quc fs jcjås scgkd ievrcs lc sc dfvedcotkr, cxpifrkr dktcrekes, quc cxcr`etcd k `rektevelklc c quc rcsfivkd prfjicdks lcotrf lfs scus iedetcs.   Bfrër Bfrërefs efs c rfteoks ‐ Fs bfrëref bfrërefss (scquço (scquço`ek `ek leërek lc k`fotc`edc k`fotc`edcotfs7 otfs7 tcdpf lc cs`fibk cs`fibk ievrc, rcmceèàf, tcdpf lc cxtcrefr) c rfteoks (eotcrkèócs `fd kluitfs lurkotc f kidfèf, scstk c `uelklfs `frpfrkes) ’ko`frklfs, pkrk `klk `rekoèk, cd tfrof— lk clu`klfrk. F tcdpf lc hrupf lcvc scr / :=

 

    ’^ ’^rf rfpf pfr` r`ef efok okrr `fom `fomfr frtf tf c sc schu hurk rkoè oèkk k `rek `rekoè oèks ks c kl klui uitf tfs— s— 

  @bàf @bàf,, pk pkrc rclc lcss c tc tctf tf



k`fibclf k`fi bclfrcs1 rcs1   If` If`kes kes k`fibclfrcs k`fibclfrcs (kidfmk (kidfmklks, lks, sfmës, `klce `klcerócs rócs c tkpctcs)1 tkpctcs)1   Iuz okturki 



sukvc1  Dfjeieëref c cquepkdcotf î dclelk lfs jcjås c lks `rekoèks1  Dfjeieëref î dclelk 



lfs kluitfs1  Krrudkèàf pkrk fs fjgctfs lfs clu`klfrcs, lks `rekoèks, jreoquclfs c rfupk lc 

rcscrvk1  K`cssf schurf c `fovcoecotc lfs kluitfs, k kpctrc`bfs c utcosäiefs lc tflfs fs leks1 

  Sdk zfok lc cotrk cotrklk lk k`fibclfrk k`fibclfrk11  @fesks khrklëvces quc icdjrcd k `ksk (fjgctfs lc





`fomfrtf pkrk ks `rekoèks c mftfhrkmeks lk mkdäiek, cspkèf pkrk ks prfluèócs `rektevks lks `rekoèks c mf`kiezkèàf kf oävci lf `bàf).  ’Kpfekr k kjfrlkhcd scosðrek-dftfrk lks `rekoèks î kprcolezkhcd—  Dktcrekes quc mkèkd





kpcif kfs scotelfs lks `rekoèks (`fesks pkrk `bcerkr, fuver, tf`kr, skjfrckr, vcr1 dktcrekes vcrsëtces1 kdjecotc `fd tcxturks vkreëvces1 vestks eotcrcsskotcs)1  Cspkèf c dktcrekes pkrk ks `rekoèks sc dfvedcotkrcd 

=. K \E]ELKLCP LCPCO]FI]ELKP OK  PKIK7 F @FD^ZFDEPPF @FD  KP ZF\EOKP

Ks rfteoks sàf udk `fdpfocotc edpfrtkotc lf lek-k-lek ok `rc`bc pcifs dftevfs gë kjfrlklfs of coquklrkdcotf tcðre`f7 pcik cstkjeielklc, pcik kqueseèàf lc rchrks c bëjetfs lc behecoc,  pcif lcscovfivedcotf pcssfki, `fhoetevf c sf`eki, pcik `fostruèàf lf Cu, pcif rcspcetf pcifs futrfs, cotrc futrfs kspctfs. K @rc`bc surhc, kssed, `fdf ud `fdpicdcotf î mkdäiek, quc `fjrc ks oc`csselklcs mäse`ks, kmctevks, eotcic`tukes c sf`ekes lks `rekoèks lfs zcrfs kfs trçs kofs, kof s, rft rfteoe eoezk zkolf olf f scu lek, lek, lko lkolflf-ibc ibc scotel scotelf, f, prcves prcveseje ejeiel ielklc klc c, `foscq `foscquco ucotcd tcdco cotc, tc, cstkjeielklc îs `rekoèks dkes ofvks.

 

:; / :=

 

 Oks ktevelklcs lk skik c lk frhkoezkèàf frhkoezkèàf/rfteok /rfteok leërek, quc cssco`ekidcotc cssco`ekidcotc sc cstruturkvk lk schueotc mfrdk7 >2b;3 îs ;>b>> ‐ @bchklk lks `rekoèks ‐ Zfteok lc k`fibedcotf ;>b>> îs ;>b0> ‐ Pcssàf lc Cxprcssàf Dftfrk fu Cxprcssàf Duse`ki ;>b0> îs ;>b3> ‐ Ktevelklcs Frecotklks ;>b3> îs ;=b;3 ‐ Behecoc, kidfèf, rcpfusf c iko`bc ‐ rfteoks lc behecoc, kiedcotkèàf c lcs`kosf ;=b;3 îs ;8b;3 ‐ Jreo`klcerk ievrc ;8b;3 îs ;2b;3 ‐ Pkik lc \] ;2b0> ‐ Co`crrkdcotf lk eostetueèàf

Kf ifohf lc tflk k prëte`k pclkhðhe`k, tcotëdfs scdprc co`frkgkr ks `rekoèks k mkzcrcd pfr  se prðpreks7   k cxpcredcotkrcd mkzcr sfzeobks ks tkrcmks prfpfstks `fdf peotkr, rkshkr, `fostruer fu



 gfhkr1  k lcs`kièkrcd-sc c k krrudkr fs skpktfs ok prcpkrkèàf lk bfrk lk scstk1 

 k `fdcrcd `fd `fibcr/hkrmf c sfzeobks, k icvkotkrcd f scu prktf c `fif`krcd f scu jkjctc



of if`ki eole`klf ok bfrk lk kiedcotkèàf1  k ikvkrcd ks dàfs cxpie`kolf f pfrquç, k er jus`kr k suk mrkilk kqukolf lk behecoezkèàf c



dulks lc mrkilk ok bfrk lk suk behecoc, 

 c oudk mksc dkes kvkoèklk, k lcspercd-sc c k vcstercd k rfupk eotcrefr c ks `kièks kotcs c lcpfes lk elk kf jk`ef/skoetk jk`ef/skoetk..

 

:: / :=

 

Dfdcotfs lc k`fibedcotf ;.  Ok suk fpeoeàf, fpeoeàf, å rcicvkotc k ``rekoèk rekoèk scr kssäl kssäluk uk c pfotuki cd `rc`bc6 ^fr mkvfr, mkvfr, gustemequc.

:. Sdk `rekoèk `bchk î skik lcpfes lks ktevelklcs tcrcd `fdcèklf. F quc mkz6

 

:0 / :=

 

0. Sdk `rekoèk `bchk î skik sestcdkte`kdc sestcdkte`kdcotc otc lcpfes lks ktevelklcs tcrcd `fdcèklf. F quc mkz6

lc mcvcrcerf - Ice-[uklrf lk Clu`kèàf ^rå-cs`fikr. Zcterklf lc bttp7//lrc.pt/plm;slep/;558/>:/>0>/>=8 bttp7//lrc.pt/plm;slep/;55 8/>:/>0>/>=8>>=80.^LM >>=80.^LM - k`clelf k < lc dkrèf lc :>;