Manual Componentes Sistemas Hidraulicos
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I\SYJ? EDKSN\BDIN DD Lmtrlmnhdlmtj
Hntlrdnb klb Lstukdnmtl
Edkrîubdin 3 (Ijhpjmlmtls kl Ydstlhns Edkrîubdijs) ;. @umidjmls kl bjs Ijhpjmlmtls Edkrîubdijs ;.>. [nmquls Edkrîubdijs @umidjmls kl bjs tnmquls edkrîubdijs Lb prdmidp prdmidpnb nb jcoltdvj kl bjs tnmquls edkrîubdijs ls gnrnmtdznr qul lb sdstlhn edkrîubdij tlmgn sdlhprl um nhpbdj suhdmdstrj kl nildtl. Bjs tnmquls tnhcdäm sl utdbdznm pnrn jtrjs `dmls? bns pnrlkls kl bjs tnmquls kdsdpnm lb inbjr qul sl niuhubn lm lb nildtl edkrîubdij, y bjs kl`blitjrls kl bjs tnmquls nyuknm n slpnrnr lb ndrl y n bn ijmklmsnidùm klb nildtl. Nklhîs, nbgumjs ijmtnhdmnmtls sl nsdlmtnm lm lb `jmkj klb tnmqul, kl kjmkl sl pulklm pulklm lxtrnlr.
[dpjs kl tnmquls edkrîubdijs Lm bjs sdstlhns edkrîubdijs hùvdbls sl utdbdznm kjs tdpjs kl tnmquls? bjs vlmtdbnkjs y bjs prlsurdznkjs. prlsurdznkjs. Lb tnmqul vlmtdbnkj rlspdrn, plrhdtdl plrhdtdlmkj mkj qul enyn ijhplmsnidùm kl prlsdùm iunmkj sl prjkuilm inhcdjs lm bjs mdvlbls kl nildtl y kl tlhplrnturn. Bjs tnmquls prlsurdzn prlsurdznkjs kjs lstîm slbbnkjs kl bn nthùs`lrn, lvdtnmkj qul plmltrl lm lbbjs bn suidlknk
y bn euhlknk. Bn prlsdùm dmtlrmn tnhcdäm lhpuon lb nildtl enidn bn cjhcn, lvdtnmkj bn invdtnidùm kl bn hdshn. Nbgumjs tnmquls prlsurdzn prlsurdznkjs kjs tdlmlm cjhcns kl ndrl lxtlrmns qul prlsurd prlsurdznm znm lb tnmqul, jtrjs utdbdznm bn prlsdùm qul sl glmlrn mnturnbhlmtl n hlkdkn qul sl inbdlmtn lb `budkj edkrîubdij.
;.>.>. Ijhpjmlmtls [nmqul Edkrîubdij
klb
Lm bjs tnmquls edkrîubdijs pjklhjs lmijmtrnr bjs sdgudlmtls lblhlmtjs? >. [ucj kl bblmnkj 3. @dbtrjs dmtlrmjs 9. Hdrdbbn ;. [uclrèn kl rltjrmj <
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Hntlrdnb klb Lstukdnmtl
Lmtrlmnhdlmtj
@dbtrjs dmtlrmjs Huiejs tnmquls tdlmlm `dbtrjs dmtlrmjs qul bdhpdnm lb nildtl kl rltjrmj. Dmkdinkjr kl hdrdbbn Bn hdrdbbn plrhdtl plrhdtl dmspliidjmnr vdsunbhlmtl lb mdvlb kl nildtl nitunb qul tdlml lb tnmqul nsè ijhj bjs mdvlbls hîxdhjs y hèmdhjs kl nildtl. [uclrèn kl rltjrmj Bn tuclrèn kl rltjrmj klvulbvl nb tnmqul lb nildtl prjilklmtl prjilklmtl klb sdstlhn. [npùm kl krlmnol Lb tnpùm kl krlmnol pulkl qudtnrsl pnrn krlmnr lb nildtl. Qulkl slr hngmätdij pnrn ntrnlr y nyuknr n lbdhdmnr bns pnrtèiubns pnrtèiub ns kl hltnb qul ijmtnhdmnm lb nildtl.
Ynbdkn kl bn cjhcn Bn snbdkn kl bn cjhcn cjhcn ls um pnsnol pnsnol kl `buoj kl nildtl qul vn klskl lb tnmqul n bn cjhcn. cjhcn. Qbnmien kl`blitjrn Bns pbnmiens pbnmiens kl`blitjrns slpnrnm bns zjmns kl rltjrmj klb tnmqul y kdrdglm lb `buoj kl nildtl lm lb tnmqul. Bjs kl`blitjrls nuhlmtnm lb tdlhpj qul lb nildtl plrhnmlil plrhnmlil lm lb tnmqul, plrhdtdlmkj plrhdtdlmkj qul bjs ijmtnhdmnmtls sl nsdlmtlm, qul sl lvnpjrl lb ngun y sl slpnrl lb ndrl klb nildtl. Nklhîs, bjs kl`blitjrls rlkuilm bns snbpdinkurns kl nildtl klmtrj klb tnmqul jinsdjmnkns pjr lb hjvdhdlmtj klb vleèiubj. Bn pbnmien pbnmien kl`blitjrn kl rltjrmj lvdtn qul lb nildtl kl rltjrmj ngdtl lb nildtl qul sl lmiulmtrn lm lb tnmqul.
Pîbvubn kl klsijmlxdùm kl nbdvdj Bn vîbvubn edkrîubdin kl nbdvdj sl utdbdzn lm tnmquls prlsurdznkjs. prlsurdznkjs. N hlkdkn qul lb nildtl sl inbdlmtn, bn prlsdùm prlsdùm nuhlmtn y bn vîbvubn sl ncrl, lvdtnmkj qul lb lxilsj kl prlsdùm rjhpn lb tnmqul. N hlkdkn qul lb ndrl sl lm`rèn y bn prlsdùm klsidlmkl, bn vîbvubn sl ncrl pnrn pnrn lvdtnr qul lb vnièj rlsubtnmtl klspbjhl lb tnmqul. Slspdrnklrj Lb rlspdrnklrj plrhdtl bn lmtrnkn y snbdkn klb ndrl kl bjs tnmquls vlmtdbnkjs. [dlml um `dbtrj pnrn pnrn lvdtnr qul bn suidlknk plmltrl y lstî sdtunkj hîs nrrdcn klb mdvlb kl nildtl klb tnmqul.
;.>.3. Bjinbdznidùm y sjbuidùm kl prjcblhns pnrn tnmquls
Lb `nbbj kl um tnmqul edkrîubdij ls rnrj y pjr pjr bj glmlrnb ls inusnkj pjr pjr knþjs lxtlrmjs. Bns jpidjmls kl rlpnrnidùm sjm, pjr bj glmlrnb, jcvdns y `îidbls.
;.3. Niuhubnkjrls
@umidjmls kl bjs niuhubnkjrls
Bjs niuhubnkjrls sjm rlidpdlmtls qul nbhnilmnm lb nildtl edkrîubdij n prlsdùm. Yl utdbdznm lm umn slrdl kl npbdinidjmls lm bjs prjkuitjs prjkuitjs Intlrpdbbnr. Lb klpùsdtj kl nildtl y prlsdùm qul ijmtdlmlm bjs niuhubnkjrls prjpjridjmn iuntrj `umidjmls cîsdins lm bjs sdstlhns edkrîubdijs hùvdbls. >. Ijhplmsnr bns vnrdnidjmls kl `buoj 3. Hnmtlmlr umn prlsdùm prlsdùm ijmstnmtl 9. Ncsjrclr bjs dhpnitjs ;. Qrjpjridjmnr prlsdùm prlsdùm y `buoj kl lhlrglmidn
@LSSLTSJY Y.N.N I\SYJ? EDKSN\BDIN DD Lmtrlmnhdlmtj
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Hntlrdnb klb Lstukdnmtl
Ijhplmsnidùm kl bns vnrdnidjmls kl `buoj Lm nbgumjs sdstlhns, n vlils bn klhnmkn kl `buoj pulkl sjcrlpnsnr bns inpnidknkls kl bjs tnmquls y bns cjhcns. Lm lstjs insjs, lb niuhubnkjr pulkl suhdmdstrnr prjvdsjrd prjvdsjrdnhlmtl nhlmtl lb inuknb mlilsnrdj. Iunmkj bn jplrnidùm rlgrlsn n bn mjrhnbdknk, lb niuhubnkjr sl vulbvl n bblmnr kl nildtl.
Hnmtlmlr bn prlsdùm ijmstnmtl Bjs niuhubnkjrls ijhplmsnm bns vnrdnidjmls kl prlsdùm qul sl prjkuilm lm lb sdstlhn suhdmdstrnmkj prlsdùm nkdidjmnb y ncsjrcdlmkj lb lxilsj kl prlsdùm, slgÿm sl rlqudlrn.
Nhjrtdgunidùm Bjs inhcdjs rlplmtdmjs kl inrgn pulklm jinsdjmnr sjcrlinrgns kl prlsdùm lm lb sdstlhn. Lb niuhubnkjr `umidjmn ijhj um nhjrtdgunkjr rlidcdlmkj lb nildtl kl bn sjcrlinrgn y kloîmkjbj snbdr umn vlz pnsnkn bn sjcrlinrgn.
Qrjpjridjmnr prlsdùm y `buoj kl lhlrglmidn Yd lb hjtjr pdlrkl pjtlmidn pjtlmidn,, lb niuhubnkjr pulkl suhdmdstrnr prlsdùm y `buoj edkrîubdij nb sdstlhn kurnmtl um plrèjkj plrèjkj kl tdlhpj bdhdtnkj.
;.3.>. [dpjs kl niuhubnkjrls Eny trls tdpjs cîsdijs? cîsdijs?
>. Niuhubnkjr ijmtrnplsnkj 3. Niuhubnkjr kl rlsjrtl 9. Niuhubnkjr inrgnkj ijm gns Niuhubnkjr ijmtrnplsnkj Lb niuhubnkjr ijmtrnplsnkj ls lb tdpj kl niuhubnkjr hîs nmtdg mtdguj uj.. Ijm jmst stnn kl um idbd idbdmk mkrrj, pdst pdstùm ùm,, lhpnqultnkurn (slbbjs) y umn plsn. plsn. N hlkdkn qul bn prlsdùm klb sdstlhn nuhlmtn, lb idbdmkrj sl bblmn kl nildtl y lb pdstùm y bn plsn sjm lhpuonkjs enidn nrrdcn. N hlkdkn qul bn prlsdùm klb sdstlhn kdshdmuyl, bn äsn `ulrzn nb pdstùm n qul klsidlmkn, enidlmkj qul lb nildtl rlgrlsl nb sdstlhn. Lb niuhubnkjr prjpjridjmn umn prlsdùm lstncbl, plrj
ls klhnsdnkj plsnkj plsnkj y vjbuhdmjsj pnrn pnrn bjs sdstlhns hùvdbls.
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Hntlrdnb klb Lstukdnmtl
Niuhubnkjr kl rlsjrtl Lb niuhubnkjr kl rlsjrtl ijmstn kl um rlsjrtl, um pdstùm pdstùm y um idbdmkrj. N hlkdkn qul bn prlsdùm prlsdùm klb sdstlhn nuhlmtn, lb idbdmkrj sl bblmn kl nildtl, enidlmkj qul lb pdstùm pdstùm sucn y ijhprdhn lb rlsjrtl. Iunmkj bn prlsdùm klb sdstlhn kdshdmuyl, lb rlsjrtl sl klsijhprdhl, enidlmkj qul lb nildtl rlgrlsl nb sdstlhn. Bjs niuhubnkjrls kl rlsjrtl sl utdbdznm rnrns vlils lm sdstlhns edkrîubdijs hùvdbls. Niuhubnkjr inrgnkj pjr gns Lb niuhubnkjr inrgnkj ijm gns ls lb tdpj kl niuhubnkjr qul hîs sl utdbdzn lm bns hîqudmns Intlrpdbbnr. Ijmstn kl um idbdmkrj, um pdstùm pdstùm j iîhnrn kl ndrl y umn vîbvubn kl inrgn. Lb nildtl qul lmtrn lm lb idbdmkrj lhpuon lb pdstùm ijhprdhdlmkj lb gns. N hlkdkn qul bn prlsdùm kdshdmuyl, lb gns sl lxpnmkl, enidlmkj qul lb nildtl snbgn. Lb niuhubnkjr inrgnkj ijm gns ls vlrsîtdb, pjtlmtl y lxnitj, plrj rlqudlrl um hnmtlmdhdlmtj iudknkjsj.
;.3.3. Bjinbdznidùm y sjbuidùm kl prjcblhns pnrn Niuhubnkjrls
Bjs niuhubnkjrls rlqudlrlm um hnmtlmdhdlmtj iudknkjsj y plrdùkdij plrdùkdij pnrn pnrn gnrnmtdznr um `umidjmnhdlmtj nkliunkj. Iùhj `nbbnm bjs niuhubnkjrls - @ugn kl gns j nildtl dmtlrmns j lxtlrmns - Supturn kl bn iîhnrn kl ndrl - Knþj lxtlrmj - Slsjrtls rjtjs j käcdbls Qjr quä `nbbnm bjs niuhubnkjrls - Dmstnbnidùm dmijrrlitn - Klhnsdnkn/pjin inrgn
- @nbbn klb slbbj klb pdstùm - @nbbn kl bn vîbvubn kl inrgn - Ngrdltnhdlmtj/`ntdgn kl bn iîhnrn kl ndrl Dmkdinkjrls kl nvlrèn - Slspulstn blmtn j lrrîtdin klb dhpblhlmtj - @ugns vdsdcbls - Dminpnidknk kl ncsjrclr dhpnitjs - @umidjmnhdlmtj kl`didlmtl Jpidjmls kl ntlmidùm täimdin - Sllhpbnil ijhpjmlmtls (vîbvubns, iîhnrn kl ndrl, rlsjrtls, pdstùm pdstùm j slbbjs) - Slinrgul ijm gns - Sllhpbnil lb niuhubnkjr
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Hntlrdnb klb Lstukdnmtl
;.9. @dbtrjs @umidjmls kl bjs `dbtrjs Bjs `dbtrjs hnmtdlmlm lb nildtl edkrîubdij bdhpdj lbdhdmnmkj bjs ijmtnhdmnmtls qul pulklm knþnr bns pdlzns kl bjs ijhpjmlmtls. N hlkdkn qul lb nildtl pnsn pjr lb lblhlmtj klb `dbtrj, bjs ijmtnhdmnmtls qulknm ntrnpnkjs. Lb nildtl ijmtdmÿn pjr pjr lb sdstlhn. Lb lblhlmtj j hnbbn sl ibnsd`din lm hdirjmls, slgÿm lb tnhnþj kl bns plr`jrni plr`jrnidjmls, djmls, kl niulrkj ijm su inpnidknk kl ntrnpnr bns pnrtèiub pnrtèiubns. ns. Iunmtj hîs plqulþj sln lb tnhnþj kl bns plr`jrni plr`jrnidjmls, djmls, hîs plqulþns slrîm bns pnrtèiubn pnrtèiubnss qul pjkrî ntrnpnr.
Kdslþj klb `dbtrj Lxdstlm cîsdinhl cîsdinhlmtl mtl kjs tdpjs kl `dbtrjs kl nildtl.
(>) Bjs suplr`didl y (3) bjs prj`umkdknk. prj`umkdkn k. [nb ijhj lb kl mjhcrl bj dmkdin, bjs kl `dbtrjs kl suplr`didl rlijglm bjs ijmtnhdmnmtls lm bn suplr`didl klb lblhlmtj klb `dbtrj j hnbbn. Bjs `dbtrjs kl prj`umkdknk prj`umkd knk rlijglm bjs ijmtnhdmnmtls ijmtnhdmnmtls kl kd`lrlmtls tnhnþjs n kd`lrlmtls mdvlbls klmtrj klb lblhlmtj.
Ibnsd`dinidùm kl bjs `dbtrjs Bjs `dbtrjs kl nildtl pulklm pulklm ibnsd`dinrsl ijm umj kl
lstjs trlsklkdslþjs? - @dbtrj tucj.- Lb lblhlmtj klb `dbtrj vn klmtrj kl bn inon. - @dbtrj lmrjsincbl .- @dbtrj y inon kl umn sjbn pdlzn. (sdhdbnr nb `dbtrj kl nildtl kl bjs nutjhùvdbls). - Hnbbn (sirllm).- Hnbbn hltîbdin qul rlijgl bjs ijmtnhdmnmtls kl nildtl kl grnm tnhnþj nmtls kl qul plmltrlm plmltrlm lm lb sdstlhn.
\cdinidjmls klb `dbtrj \m sdstlhn edkrîubdij pulkl rlqulrdr vnrdjs `dbtrjs, inkn umj ijm su prjpdj prjpùsdtj y ucdinidùm. >. @dbt @dbtrrj pr prls lsur urdz dznk nkj j.Lb `dbtrj prlsurdznkj prlsurdz nkj lvdtn qul bns pnrtèiubns pnrtèiubns `dmns ijmtnhdmnmtls plmltrlm plmltrlm lm bns vîbvubns y bjs niidjmnkjrls y pulkl slr um `dbtrj klb tdpj kl suplr`didl j klb tdpj kl tucj kl prj`umkdknk. prj`umkdknk. 3. @dbtrj kl suiidùm.- Lb `dbtrj kl suiidùm lvdtn qul bjs ijmtnhdmnmtls kl grnm tnhnþj plmltrlm lm bns cjhcns y klhîs ijhpjmlmtls. Eny huy pjin inèkn kl prlsdùm lmtrl bn lmtrnkn y bn snbdkn, pnrn lvdtnr bn invdtnidùm kl bn cjhcn. Bjs `dbtrjs kl suiidùm pjr bj
@LSSLTSJY Y.N.N I\SYJ? EDKSN\BDIN DD Lmtrlmnhdlmtj
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Hntlrdnb klb Lstukdnmtl
glmlrnb sjm `dbtrjs kl suplr`didl. 9. @dbtrj kl krlmnol kl bn inon klb hjtjr j kl bn cjhcn.- Lbdhdmn bjs rlsdkujs qul sl prjkuilm prjkuilm ijm lb klsgnstl j `nbbn kl um hjtjr j cjhcn. cjhcn. Ls um `dbtrj kl cnon cnon prlsdùm prlsdùm y pjij pjij vjbuhlm y pulkl pulkl slr klb tdpj kl tucj j lmrjsincbl. ;. @dbtrj kl rltjrmj.- Lb `dbtrj kl rltjrmj lbdhdmn bjs ijmtnhdmnmtls qul lmtrnm lm lb sdstlhn kurnmtl bn jplrnidùm, lvdtnmkj qul plmltrlm plmltrlm lm lb tnmqul. Ls um `dbtrj kl suplr`didl. Pîbvubns kl klrdvnidùm bn hnyjrèn kl bjs `dbtrjs kl tucj y lmrjsincbls lstîm lqudpnkjs ijm vîbvubns kl klrdvnidùm kl `dbtrj pnrn gnrnmtdznr qul lb `buoj klb sdstlhn mumin qulkl cbjqulnkj. eny kjs sdtunidjmls qul pulklm jinsdjmnr kdiej cbjqulj? cbjqulj?
>. niuhubnidùm kl ijmtnhdmnmtls qul jcstruyn `dbtrj. 3. \mn Ls pjsdcbl pjsdcbl pnrn pnsnr qul lb nildtl `rèj sln klhnsdnkj lsplsjlb pnrn pnsnr pjr lb `dbtrj. Iunbqudlrn kl bns kjs sdtunidjmls pulkl n`litnr lb rlmkdhdlmtj klb sdstlhn u jinsdjmnr knþjs n bjs ijhpjmlmtls. Bn vîbvubn kl klrdvnidùm pjr bj glmlrnb ls umn vîbvubn kl ijmtrnpumtn niidjmnkn pjr rlsjrtl. N hlkdkn qul kdshdmuyl lb inuknb qul pnsn pnsn pjr pjr lb `dbtrj klcdkj n bjs tnpjmnhdlmtjs j n qul lb nildtl sl lsplsn j lm`rèn, kdshdmuyl bn prlsdùm lm lb bnkj kl lmtrnkn. Iunmkj bn kd`lrlmidn kl prlsdùm prlsdùm bblgn n um bèhdtl prlkltlrhdmnkj, prlkltlrhdmnkj, bbnhnkj prlsdùm prlsdùm kl nplrturn, bn vîbvubn kl ijmtrnpumtn sl ncrl, plrhdtd plrhdtdlmkj lmkj qul lb nildtl sl klsvèl sdm pnsnr pnsnr pjr lb lblhlmtj. Lb nildtl klrdvnkj mj lstî `dbtrnkj, y sl klcl knr slrvdidj nb `dbtrj bj nmtls pjsdcbl. Lm lb insj klb nildtl `rèj, bn vîbvubn kl klrdvnidùm sl ilrrnrî tnm prjmtj ijhj sl inbdlmtl lb nildtl.
;.9.>. Bjinbdznidùm y sjbuidùm kl prjcblhns pnrn `dbtrjs
nrtèiubjs kl hnmtlmdhdlmtj, kdslþnkjs Bjs `dbtrjs kl nildtl sjm pnrn qul sl bls kä slrvdidj j slnm rllhpbnznkjs plrdùkdinhlmtl. plrdùkdin hlmtl.
Iùhj `nbbnm bjs `dbtrjs Lm inkn umn kl lstns sdtunidjmls, lb nildtl ijmtnhdmnkj sl klsvèn y mj pnsn pnsn pjr pjr lb `dbtrj? - Bjs `dbtrjs sl tnpjmnm - Bjs `dbtrjs sl kl`jrhnm y lstrjplnm - Lb `dbtrj mj nsdlmtn cdlm cdlm Qjr quä `nbbnm bjs `dbtrjs - Mj Mj sl prlstn prlstn ntlmidùm n bjs dmtlrvnbjs kl slrvdidj klb `dbtrj - Knþjs lxtlrmjs - Dmstnbnidùm dmijrrlitn - Ijmtnhdmnmtls rnrjs
- @nbbns kl ijhpjmlmtls Dmkdinkjrls kl `nbbns - Nildtl suidj - Klsgnstl nilblrnkj kl bjs ijhpjmlmtls kl bns vîbvubns - Cjhcn ijm rudkj - Nbnrhn kl bn vîbvubn kl klrdvnidùm. Jpidjmls kl Ylrvdidj - Ylgudr bns rlijhlmknidjmls kl dmtlrvnbjs kl slrvdidj pnrn pnrn su vleèiubj - \tdbdznr sdlhprl bjs `dbtrjs nprjpdnkjs kl Intlrpdbbnr - Krlmnr lb nildtl ijmtnhdmnkj y rllhpbnznr pjr pjr nildtl y `dbtrj(s) bdhpdjs.
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Hntlrdnb klb Lstukdnmtl
;.;. Lm`rdnkjrls @umidùm klb lm`rdnkjr kl nildtl Ijhj bjs ijhpjmlmtls klb sdstlhn edkrîubdij trncnonm n nbtn prlsdùm, lb inbjr sl vn niuhubnmkj lm lb nildtl. Yd bns tlhplrnturns nuhlmtnm klhnsdnkj, pulklm jinsdjmnr qul sl knþlm bjs ijhpjmlmtls. Bjs lm`rdnkjrls kl nildtl sjm dmtlrinhcdnkjrls kl inbjr, sdhdbnrls nb rnkdnkjr kl um nutjhùvdb, qul utdbdzn ndrl j ngun pnrn pnrn hnmtlmlr jplrnidjmls slgurns.
Lm`rdnkjr kl ndrl n nildtl Lb nildtl pnsn pjr um tucj iucdlrtj ijm nbltns kl lm`rdnhdlmtj. \m vlmtdbnkjr sjpbn ndrl sjcrl lb tucj y bns nbltns, lm`rdnmkj lb nildtl.
Lm`rdnkjr kl ngun n nildtl Lm lstl tdpj kl lm`rdnkjr, lb nildtl pnsn pjr umn slrdl kl tucjs qul sl lm`rènm ijm ngun.
;.;.>. Bjinbdznidùm y sjbuidùm kl prjcblhns lm`rdnkjrls kl nildtl
pnrn
Bjs lm`rdnkjrls kl nildtl klclm hnmtlmlrsl lm culmns ijmkdidjmls kl jplrnidùm yn qul lb rlinblmtnhdlmtj pulkl knþnr slrdnhlmtl huiejs ijhpjmlmtls edkrîubdijs.
Iùhj `nbbnm bjs lm`rdnkjrls - [npjmnhdlmtj dmtlrmj - Jcstruiidùm lxtlrmn kl bns nbltns (ndrl-nildtl) - @ntdgn kl bjs tucjs y bns nbltns klcdkj n bn vdcrnidùm - [ucjs kjcbnkjs, rjtjs j plr`jrnkjs plr`jrnkjs Qjr quä `nbbnm bjs lm`rdnkjrls - Hnmtlmdhdlmtj dmnkliunkj - Knþjs lxtlrmjs Ylþnbls kl `nbbn - @ugns kl nildtl - [lhplrnturn kl nildtl nmjrhnbhlmtl nbtn - Inrrltls kl vîbvubns plgnojsns plgnojsns y cnrmdznkns cnrmdznkns klcdkj n rlinblmtnhdlmtj - Kd`lrlmidn nmjrhnb kl tlhplrnturn lmtrl bn lmtrnkn y bn snbdkn klb lm`rdnkjr Jpidjmls kl slrvdidj - Bdhpdnr bns nbltns - Sllhpbnznr (Mj dmtlmtl bdhpdnr bjs tucjs klb lm`rdnkjr kl ngun n nildtl)
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EDKBI3.KJI
Hntlrdnb klb Lstukdnmtl
;.. \mn cjhcn qul lstî lqudpnkn ijm umn vîbvubn ijhplmsnkjrn kl prlsdùm pnrn bdhdtnr bn prlsdùm hîxdhn klb sdstlhn. 3. \mn cjhcn qul vnrèn lb `buoj kl snbdkn pnrn hnmtlmlr um kd`lrlmidnb kl prlsdùm kltlrhdmnkj. Yl utdbdznm slrvjvîbvubns j inrrltls kl hnrglm pnrn pnrn lmvdnr bn slþnb n bn cjhcn. cjhcn. 9. \mn cjhcn cjhcn qul hnmtdlml um rägdhlm kl `buoj (inuknb) kltlrhdmnkj nÿm iunmkj nuhlmtn bn prlsdùm prlsdùm kl inrgn.
Klspbnznhdlmtj kl bn cjhcn Lb klspbnznhdlmtj kl bn cjhcn cjhcn sl inbiubn hdkdlmkj lb vjbuhlm kl `budkj hjvdkj kurnmtl umn rlvjbuidùm ijhpbltn kl bn cjhcn. Inuknb kl bn cjhcn Lb inuknb kl bn cjhcn cjhcn sl inbiubn hdkdlmkj lb vjbuhlm kl `budkj hjvdkj kurnmtl um tdlhpj kltlrhdmnkj. Yl lxprlsn lm gnbjmls pjr hdmutj j lm bdtrjs pjr pjr hdmutj (gnb/hdm j b/hdm).
;.. Cjhcns kl lmgrnmnols Bns cjhcns kl lmgrnmnols sjm cjhcns kl inuknb pjsdtdvj y `doj. Yu kdslþj sdhpbl, kl rlidn ijmstruiidùm, bns enilm ÿtdbls lm umn nhpbdn gnhn kl npbdinidjmls.
@LSSLTSJY Y.N.N I\SYJ? EDKSN\BDIN DD Lmtrlmnhdlmtj
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EDKBI3.KJI
Hntlrdnb klb Lstukdnmtl
Ijhpjmlmtls Bjs ijhpjmlmtls kl umn cjhcn kl lmgrnmnols sl dklmtd`dinm lm bn sdgudlmtl dbustrnidùm. >. Ylbbjs 3. Qbnmien kl prlsdùm prlsdùm 9. Lmgrnmnol bjij ;. Lmgrnmnol kl dhpubsdùm
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