MANUAL. CompLEC

July 13, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A

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@JMSJL Qruchj dc Nb`pctcm Nb`pctcmnej nej Lcntbrj pjrj Cdunjneþm ^cnumdjrej

Nb`pLCN Jutbrcs7

Smevcrsedjd dc _jlcmnej Cstj pruchj fj sedb cljhbrjdj krjnejs j lj suhvcmneþm dcl @emestcreb Cdunjneþm, Qblàtenj ^bnejl y Dcpbrtc `cdejmtc cl nbmtrjtb dc emvcstekjneþm pjrj lj rcjlezjneþm dc cstudebs sbhrc lcnturj @CQ^D8116-H88 @CQ^D8116H88 nbmncdedb jl prbycnt17‐  Cvjlujneþm Cvjlujneþm dc nb`pctcmnejs dc lcnturj cm C^B sekuecmdb cl csquc`j QE^J7 dejkmþstenb dc jlu`mbs‐ jlu`mbs‐ (HBC sêhjdb >: dc cmcrb dc 8115). 8115).

JKXJDCNE@ECMTB^ Lbs jutbrcs jkrjdcncm jkrjdcncm j lbs dercntbrcs, ps psenbpcdjkbkbs, enbpcdjkbkbs, prbocsbrcs prbocsbrcs y jlu`mbs dc lbs sekuecmtcs ncmtrbs cdunjtevbs su pjrtenepjneþm pjrtenepjneþm dcsemtcrcsjdj cm lj cljhbrjneþm dc cstj pruchj7 Ncmtrbs lj Nbùmedjd EC^ Njrb dc Hjrbgj (Qj`plbmj)dc Mjvjrrj7 EC^ Mjvjrrb _ellbsljdj (Qj`plbmj) EC^ Wezur (Qj`plbmj) EC^ CKJ ^jm Jdreêm (Qj`plbmj) EC^ Jzjkrj (Jzjkrj)

EC^ ^btbs (Njsj-Ehêúcz) EC^ Hbmeojneb Nbmdcstjhlc Êlvjrb Lumj (Ellcsnjs) ( Ellcsnjs) EC^ ^crrjmàj Hjgj (Ljmdctc) EC^ Lencb Njrjncmsc (Kujdjljgjrj)

Ncmtrbs dc Njmtjhrej7 Nblckeb ^jlcsejmbs (^jmtjmdcr) Nblckeb ^jm Jkustàm (^jmtjmdcr) Nblckeb _crdc`jr (^jmtjmdcr) EC^ Jlhcrtb Qenb (^jmtjmdcr) EC^ Tbrrcs Zucvcdb (^jmtjmdcr) ( ^jmtjmdcr)

EC^ Qrbocsbr Kbmzjlb Fucsj (Xbmdj) EC^ @jrtàm Xevcrb (Xbmdj) EC^ Qårcz dc Kuz`êm (Xbmdj) EC^ Xbdràkucz Dclkjdb (Xbmdj) EC^ K.J Hånqucr (^cvellj) EC^ _clêzqucz (^cvellj)

EC^ G.@ Qcrcdj (^jmtjmdcr) EC^ @urecdjs (Nj`jrkb) EC^ Jstellcrb (Cl Jstelljrb) EC^ G. Brhc Njmb (Nbrrjlcs dc Huclmj)

EC^ @jnjrcmj (^cvellj) EC^ Xj`þm dcl _jllc-Emnlêm (^cvellj) EC^ @jrtàmcz @bmtjúås (^cvellj)

EC^ Wjpjtþm (Tbrrcljvckj (Tbrrcljvckj)) Ncmtrbs dc Njstellj Lj @jmnfj7 Nblckeb ^jmtàse`j Tremedjd (Jlnêzjr dc ^jm Gujm) EC^ Nj`pb dc Njljtrjvj (@ekuclturrj) EC^ Esjhcl Qcrellêm y Zuerþs (Nj`pb dc Nreptjmj) EC^ dc Hjlhucmj EC^ Hcrmjrdb Qårcz Qjstbr (Tbhjrrj)(_jldcpcújs) EC^ Lcbmjrdb Dj _emne (Jlhjnctc)

Ncmtrbs dc Jmdjlunàj7

Ncmtrbs dc lj Nbùmedjd _jlcmnejmj7 Nblckeb M· : Lehcrtjs (Tbrrcvecgj) Nblckeb ^jkrjdb Nbrjzþm (@esljtj) Lj ^jllc (Jlnby) Nblckeb Em`jnuljdj Gc Gcsuetjs suetjs (Jlenjmtc) Nblckeb Jvc @jràj dc Qcmyj Xbgj (_jlcmnej) EC^ Keljhcrt dc Ncmtcllcs (Mulcs) EC^ _crcdj (Qbhlj dc _jllhbmj) EC^ Tjvcrmcs (Tjvcrmcs Hljmqucs)

Àmdenc :. @cdedj dc lj nb`pctcmnej lcntbrj……………………………………………………………4 :.:. Dcoemeneþm dc nb`pctcmnej lcntbrj………………………………………………..4 :.8. Dcnesebmcs sbhrc lj pruchj………………………………………..…………………? :.>. Descúb kcmcrjl dc lj pruchj………………………………………………..………..? 8. Jmêleses cstjdàstenb dc lj pruchj…………………………………………………………..…:1 8.:. Dcsnrepneþm Dcsnrepneþm dc lj ùcstrj ………………………………………………….………:1 8.8. Jmêleses dc lbs àtc`s………………………………………………………….……….::

8.>. Jmêleses klbhjl dc lj pruchj …………………………………………………….…..:: >. Mbr`js emtcrprctjtevjs……………………………………………………………….…………:8

Jmcxb :. Qruchj Nb`pLCN………………………………………………………………………..:>

Jmcxb 8. Tepb dc prckumtjs y nretcrebs dc nbrrcnneþm…………………………………….8?

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:. @CDEDJ DC LJ NB@QCTCMNEJ LCNTBXJ :.:. Dcoemeneþm dc nb`pctcmnej lcntbrj Lccr cs um bhgctevb hêsenb dcl sestc`j cdunjtevb yj quc fby dàj nujlquecr pcrsbmj quc mb scpj lccr tcmdrê screjs deoenultjdcs pjrj dcscmvblvcrsc cm cl ùmdb jntujl. Qcrb, ²Nþ`b dcoeme`bs lb quc cs sjhcr lccr cm lj sbnecdjd sbnecdjd jntujl2 Jncptj`bs lj dcoemeneþm dc QE^J (BNDC, 8118)7 Lccr cs nb`prcmdcr, usjr y rcolcxebmjr sbhrc tcxtbs ccsnretbs snretbs j oem dc lbkrjr `ctjs pcrsbmjlcs, dcsjrrblljr cl nbmbneècmtb y ljs pbtcmnejledjdcs pcrsbmjlcs, y pjrtenepjr cm lj sbnecdjd

Cstj dcoemeneþm cs j`plej, nb`prcmsevj y tecmc um cmbr`c nbmscmsb emtcrmjnebmjl. Jdc`ês, cl csquc`j dc nb`pctcmnejs dc QE^J fj emsperjdb dercntj`cmtc cl descúb y nbmstrunneþm dc cstj pruchj. Dc jnucrdb nbm cstc csquc`j, lbs cstudejmtcs dc`bstrjrjm su nb`pctcmnej lcntbrj nujmdb scpjm utelezjr umbs tcxtbs pjrj rcspbmdcr j umjs prckumtjs. prckumtjs. Qjrj cl descúb dc lbs tcxtbs tcxtbs y prckumtjs QE^J pjr pjrtc tc dc um csquc`j cm tbrmb j trcs cgcs7 • êtujnebmcs7 ²Cm ²Cm quå setujnebmcs sc lcc2   • Tcxtbs7 ²Zuå tcxtbs sc lccm2   • Jspcntbs (tjrcjs)7 ²Cm quå tjrcjs fjy quc scr um lcntbr nb`pctcmtc2

Xcspcntb j setujnebmcs, QE^J nbmtc`plj nujtrb setujnebmcs deocrcmtcs dc lcnturj7 (j) p÷hlenjs tjlcs nb`b lccr dbnu`cmtbs boenejlcs (p. cg., obllctb sbhrc sjmedjd), b emobr`jneþm sbhrc jnbmtcneècmtbs (p. cg., um nbmnecrtb dc `÷senj)9 (h) cdunjtevjs, tjlcs nb`b lccr nujlquecr dbnu`cmtb rcqucredb pbr um prbocsbr9 (n) prevjdjs b pcrsbmjlcs, tjl nb`b lccr mbvcljs, njrtjs, b tcxtbs emobr`jtevbs lcàdbs pbr nurebsedjd pcrsbmjl9 (d) bnupjnebmjlcs, cs dcner, lccr pjrj fjncr nbsjs nbmnrctjs cm um trjhjgb tjl nb`b sckuer ljs emstrunnebmcs dc bpcrjneþm dc um jpjrjtb b umjs mbr`js dc prbncdeècmtb dc umj c`prcsj. QE^J deocrcmnej cmtrc tcxtbs nbmtemubs (nb`pucstbs dc pêrrjobs pêrrjobs y nbm um brdcm dc lcnturj nljrb), nljrb), y mb nbmtemubs (cl brdcm brdcm dc lcnturj mb cstê prcoegjdb). Lbs pre`crbs pucdcm scr cxpbsetevbs, mjrrjtevbs, jrku`cmtjtevbs, b dcsnreptevbs. Lbs sckumdbs sbm krêoenbs, tjhljs, dejkrj`js, b `jpjs. Cgc`plbs dc lbs tcxtbs utelezjdbs cm QE^J-8111 pucdcm vcrsc y dcsnjrkjrsc cm umj puhlenjneþm dcl Emstetutb dc Cvjlujneþm dcl @emestcreb dc Cdunjneþm cm fttp7//www.emstetutbdccvjlujnebm.`cn.cs/ fttp7//www.emstetutbdccvjlujnebm.`cn.cs/..

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Xcspcntb j lbs jspcntbs b tjrcjs, QE^J nbmsedcrj quc um lcntbr dchc scr nb`pctcmtc pjrj7 j) Xcnupcrjr emobr`jneþm cxplànetj b e`plànetj cm cl tcxtb, pudecmdb lj emobr`jneþm cstjr cm umj orjsc b despcrsj cm vjrejs orjscs. h) Nb`prcmdcr edcjs kcmcrjlcs tjlcs nb`b semtctezjr cl `cmsjgc dc um pêrrjob b tbdb um tcxtb, njptjr lj emtcmneþm dc um jutbr. n) Emtckrjr emobr`jneþm dcl tcxtb, lb quc e`plenj rcljnebmjr edcjs (p. cg., njusjs y nbmscnucmnejs, sc`cgjmzjs y deocrcmnejs), b fjncr emocrcmnejs. d) Xcolcxebmjr y cvjlujr cl nbmtcmedb dcl tcxtb, lb quc e`plenj e`plenj rcljnebmjr lb quc denc cl tcxtb nbm nbmbneècmtbs prcvebs dcl lcntbr. c) Xcolcxebmjr y cvjlujr lj obr`j dcl tcxtb, cs dcner, destjmnejrsc dcl tcxtb y guzkjr lj njledjd y rclcvjmnej dc nujlquecr jspcntb (p. cg., lj jdcnujneþm cmtrc cl prbpþsetb y lj obr`j dc rcdjnneþm csnbkedj b lj brkjmezjneþm dcl tcxtb). Qjrj lbs trcs pre`crbs jspcntbs cl lcntbr tecmc quc utelezjr sbhrc tbdb emobr`jneþm dcl tcxtb. êm c`hjrkb, pjrj lbs dbs ÷lte`bs sc fj dc c`plcjr jhumdjmtc emobr`jneþm dc oucrj dcl tcxtb, jumquc nbm cl prbpþsetb dc jmjlezjr lb quc cl tcxtb denc. QE^J jkrupj ljs nemnb nemnb njtckbràjs jmtcrebrcs jmtcrebrcs cm trcs7 (:) Xcnupcrjr Xcnupcrjr emobr`jneþm, quc sc nbrrcspbmdc nbm lj njtckbràj “j‐9 (8) Emtckrjr emobr`jneþm, quc jkrupj ljs njtckbràjs “h y n‐7 (>) Xcolcxebmjr y cvjlujr sbhrc cl nbmtcmedb y lj obr`j dc lbs tcxtbs, quc jkrupj ljs njtckbràjs “d y c‐.

Cm tbdbs lbs lbs njsbs, QE^J destemkuc cmtrc nemnb mevclcs, secmdb : cl `ês hjgb y 3 cl `ês jltb. Qbr cgc`plb, njptjr cl tc`j dcl tcxtb cm um tc`j ojèlejr cs umj njpjnedjd dc mevcl :, ècmtrjs pcrb semtctezjr semtctezjr emobr`jneþm dc um pêrrjob cm um tcxtb pbnb ojèlejr dbmdc fjy quc fjncr emocrcmnejs cs dc mevcl 4. Cm sàmtcses, QE^J cvjl÷j njpjnedjdcs nb`plcgjs dc lcnturj, tjlcs nb`b rcnupcrjr emobr`jneþm b cvjlujr cl nbmtcmedb dc lbs tcxtbs, jplenjdjs j tcxtbs dc ùy devcrsbs tepbs utelezjdbs utelezjdbs cm setujnebmcs y nbm nbm prbpþsetbs ùy deocrcmtcs. Fjhrê nfe nfenbs nbs y nfenjs quc tcmkjm csjs njpjnedjdcs ùy dcsjrrblljdjs, dcsjrrblljdjs, ècmtrjs btrbs btrbs ljs tcmkjm cm um krjdb ùy clc`cmtjl. Lbs pre`crbs cstjrêm cm `cgbrcs nbmdenebmcs quc lbs sckumdbs pjrj jorbmtjr lbs dcsjoàbs quc pljmtcj umj sbnecdjd tjm nb`plcgj nb`b lj jntujl.

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:.8. Dcnesebmcs sbhrc lj pruchj Dc jnucrdb nbm cl csquc`j dc nb`pctcmnejs, tb`j`bs ljs sekuecmtcs dcnesebmcs sbhrc lj pruchj7 j) Qbhljneþm7 J deocrcmnej dc QE^J, quc cvjl÷j j lbs nfenbs cm 4 dc C^B, dcnede`bs fjncr umj pruchj pjrj nfenbs cmtrc : y > dc C^B. Lj rjzþm ÷lte`j cs quc cstj pruchj tcmdrê nbmtemuedjd nbm um sestc`j dc cmscújmzj, jntujl`cmtc cm ojsc dc descúb. Cs dcner, sc trjtjhj dc umj pruchj pjrj emtcrvcmer cdunjtevj`cmtc jmtcs dc quc lbs nfenbs y nfenjs tcrèmjrjm lj csnbljredjd bhlekjtbrej, lb quc rcquecrc umj pruchj pjrj lbs nursbs nursbs jmtcrebrcs jl nursb bhgctevb dc QE^J. h) Njrjntcràstenjs Njrjntcràstenjs dcl tcst. J deocrcmnej deocrcmnej dc QE^J, Nb`pLCN cs umj pruchj dc dejkmþstenb emdevedujl. Cs dcner, tbdbs lbs cstudejmtcs dchcm nbmtcstjr lbs ès`bs àtc`s j oem dc quc su cgcnuneþm sc pucdj nb`pjrjr nbm umj ùcstrj rcprcscmtjtevj. Lj pruchj, jdc`ês dchcrê pbdcr rcjlezjrsc cm um tec`pb `êxe`b jprbxe`jdb dc : fbrj. Oemjl`cmtc, dchcrê nbmtcmcr prckumtjs `jybretjrej`cmtc dc rcspucstj ncrrjdj (clcnneþm `÷lteplc) y, ljs quc oucrjm jhecrtjs, dchcrêm scr dc oênel nbrrcnneþm. Lj rjzþm cs quc dcsdc cl nbècmzb pcmsj`bs cm umj vcrseþm clcntrþmenj dc Nb`pLCN nuyj nbrrcnneþm nbrrcnneþm y dejkmbstenb pbstcrebr scrê jutb`êtenb. jutb`êtenb. Djdj lj leètjneþm leètjneþm dc dc cxtcmseþm dc lj pruchj, y quc mucstrb emtcrås crj dctcntjr y dejkmbstenjr deoenultjdcs dc nb`pctcmnejs lcntbrjs cstrcnfj`cmtc rcljnebmjdjs nbm lbs jprcmdezjgcs jnjdåènbs, dcnede`bs prcsnemder dc tcxtbs mjrrjtevbs, lbs nujlcs, pbr btrj pjrtc, sblb supbmcm cl 81% 81% dc lj pr pruchj uchj QE^J. Cl rcstb dc njrjntcràstenjs njrjntcràstenjs dc lj pruchj cs edåmtenb jl rcolcgjdb rcolcgjdb cm QE^J. C Cmtrc mtrc ljs `ês rclc rclcvjmtcs vjmtcs dc cstjs njrjntcràstenjs njrjntcràstenjs oekurjm ljs sekuecmtcs7 (j) emstrunnebmcs kcmcrjlcs pjrj rcspbmdcr j ljs prckumtjs, (h) tepb dc tcxtbs y (n) tepb dc prckumtjs. Smj dcsnrepneþm `ês dctjlljdj dc tbdjs cstjs njrjntcràstenjs sc pucdc vcr cm lj scnneþm sekuecmtc. :.>. Descúb kcmcrjl dc lj pruchj Qjrj llckjr j lj vcrseþm dcoemetevj quc dcsnrehe`bs cm lj scnneþm sekuecmtc rcjlezj`bs nemnb jplenjnebmcs pelbtb cm ljs quc prbhj`bs devcrsbs tcxtbs y um m÷`crb ùy jltb dc prckumtjs. Cm tbdbs lbs njsbs sc c`plcjrbm ùcstrjs obr`jdjs pbr um `àme`b dc 61 cstudejmtcs dc dbs b trcs nursbs dc C^B, dcpcmdecmdb dc ljs jplenjnebmcs. Cm njdj jplenjneþm oue`bs cleèmjmdb lbs àtc`s quc mb nu`plàjm lbs rcquesetbs jdcnujdbs fjstj llckjr j lj pruchj dcoemetevj. Qbstcrebr`cmtc rcjlezj`bs um pjsc dcoemetevb dc lj pruchj nbm ljs bpbrtumjs `bdeoenjnebmcs rcjlezjdjs tcmecmdb cm nucmtj lbs rcsultjdbs bhtcmedbs cm cl pjsc pelbtb. Cm cl pjsc dcoemetevb sc c`plcþ umj ùcstrj dc cstudejmtcs dc dbs nursbs dc Cdunjneþm ^cnumdjrej (:· y >· dc C^B), cm um tbtjl dc 48 ncmtrbs quc pcrtcmcnàjm j nemnb Nbùmedjdcs Jutþmb`js deocrcmtcs.

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Cm cl descúb kcmcrjl kcmcrjl dc lj pruchj tuve`bs tuve`bs cm nucmtj cl csquc`j csquc`j dc cvjlujneþm dc QE^J, cl nujl sc rcocràj cspcnàoenj`cmtc j ljs njrjntcràstenjs dc lbs tcxtbs, ljs prckumtjs y ljs emstrunnebmcs pjrj su rcjlezjneþm. J) Lbs Tcxtbs. Dcnede`bs quc lj pruchj dchcràj nbmstjr dc nemnb tcxtbs, trcs nbmtemubs y dbs mb-nbmtemubs, lbs nujlcs pbdràjm scr lcàdbs y nbmtcstjdb nbmtcstjdbss cm cl tec`pb oegjdb dc umj fbrj nb`b `êxe`b. Tcxtbs nbmtemubs sbm jqucllbs nb`pucstbs pbr orjscs, jkrupjdjs jkrupjdjs cm pêrrjobs, lbs nujlcs jkrupjdbs cm scnnebmcs, scnnebmcs, dchecmdb scr lcàdbs cm um brdcm scnucmnejl dc premnepeb j oem. Cs dcner, lbs tcxtbs `ês `ê s nlêsenbs. Tcxtbs mb-nbmtemubs, sbm jqucllbs quc mb rcquecrcm umj lcnturj lemcjl. ^bm cgc`plbs dc tcxtbs mb nbmtemubs lbs krêoenbs, dejkrj`js, tjhljs, `jpjs, ctn. J oem tcmcr lj pbseheledjd dc fjncr um dejkmþstenb deocrcmnejl dc cstbs cstbs dbs tepbs, dcnede`bs mb utelezjr utelezjr tcxtbs èxtbs nb`pucstbs dc j`hbs tepbs tepbs dc cstrunturj. Ekujl`cmtc dcne dcnede`bs de`bs quc lbs tcxtbs pbdràjm pcrtcmcncr j nujlquecrj dc ljs nujtrb setujnebmcs nbmtc`pljdjs pbr QE^J cmu`crjdjs cm lj scnneþm jmtcrebr. Tbdbs lbs tepbs dc tcxtbs pbdràjm obr`jr pjrtc dc lj pruchj, j cxncpneþm dc lbs mjrrjtevbs, pbr ljs rjzbmcs cxpucstjs jmtcs. J oem dc husnjr lj `êxe`j seèletud nbm QE^J, husnj`bs tcxtbs mjturjlcs quc tuvecrjm umj cstrunturj seèljr nbm lbs tcxtbs lehcrjdbs pbr QE^J. Cm nbmnrctb, husnj`bs nbm umj cstrunturj seèljr j trcs tcxtbs t cxtbs nbmtemubs (Krepc, Wjpjtelljs y Krjoette) y dbs mb nbmtemubs (Ljkb Nfjd y Qbhljneþm Jntevj). H) Ljs prckumtjs. êkuecmdb cl csquc`j dc QE^J nb`cmtjdb jmtcs, cljhbrj`bs prckumtjs dc lbs trcs tepbs cmu`crjdbs jmtcs7 (j) rcnupcrjr emobr`jneþm, (h) emtckrjr emobr`jneþm y (n) rcolcxebmjr/cvjlujr sbhrc lj obr`j y nbmtcmedb dc lbs tcxtbs. Qjrj elustrjr lbs trcs tepbs dc prckumtjs mbs scrve`bs dc lbs tcxtbs dc lj pruchj llj`jdb “Cmcrkàj “Cmcrkàj Munlcjr ‐ cm cl quc sc nb`pjrjm ljs bpemebmcs dc dbs pcrsbmjs, Jrturb y ^bmej jncrnj dc lj cmcrkàj munlcjr, cstjmdb umb j ojvbr y lj btrj cm nbmtrj. Ljs prckumtjs oekurjm j nbmtemujneþm.

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Cmcrkàj Munlcjr Jntujl`cmtc cl 6;% dc lj cmcrkàj quc Cl usb dc lj cmcrkàj munlcjr mb sc pucdc nbmsuè`bs prbvecmc dc quc`jr dcocmdcr7 me sbnejl, me cnbmþènj, me nb`hustehlcs dcrevjdbs dcl pctrþlcb, lb quc `cdebj`hecmtjl`cmtc. Mb fjy quc emsester cm prbdunc kjscs dc cocntb emvcrmjdcrb. Cstb su pclekrbsedjd, yj quc lj tcrrehlc cxplbseþm cstê jocntjmdb krjvc`cmtc jl nj`heb dc lj ncmtrjl munlcjr dc Nfcrmþhel supusb cl nle`êtenb pbr lb quc dchc`bs orcmjr lj pumtb oemjl j cstc dchjtc dchjtc.. Lj emdustrej emdu strej munlcjr cèseþm dc cstbs kjscs. ê nbmsedcrj`bs quc fj orjnjsjdb cnbmþènj`cmtc djdb quc, j lj dc`jmdj dc cmcrkàj ùmdejl mb dcgj dc pcsjr dc ljs j yudjs cnbmþènjs cnb mþènjs r cnehedjs, mb ju`cmtjr, quc fjrêùmdejlcs quc cm pbnb sc jkbtcm ljslbrcscrvjs dc tec`pb pctrþlcb, dchc`bs c`pczjr j nbmsedcrjr lj cxplbtjneþm dc oucmtcs jltcrmjtevjs dc cmcrkàj deocrcmtcs dcl pctrþlcb. Cm lj jntujledjd, lj ÷menj pbseheledjd suoenecmtc`cmtc dcsjrrblljdj pjrj kjrjmtezjr ljs mcncsedjdcs ùmdejlcs dc cmcrkàj cs lj cxplbtjneþm dc lj cmcrkàj munlcjr. Fjstj lj ocnfj su premnepjl orcmb fjm sedb lbs prbhlc`js dc sckuredjd y `cdebj`hecmt `cdebj`hecmtc. c. Qcrb, cm lbs ÷lte`bs júbs, lj emdustrej jtþènj fj `bdeoenjdb sus cstrjtckejs pjrj lbkrjr quc ljs ncmtrjlcs munlcjrcs scjm `ês sckurjs, le`pejs y coenecmtcs. Dc fcnfb cl m÷`crb dc jnnedcmtcs njyþ um 51% cm lj

fj nbmsckuedb scr um Qbr sestc`j rcmtjhlc dc kcmcrjneþm dc cmcrkàj. btrj pjrtc, cm lbs ÷lte`bs nemnucmtj júbs mb sc fj cmnbmtrjdb umj sbluneþm sjtesojntbrej pjrj dcsfjncrsc dc lbs pclekrbsbs rcsedubs rjdebjntevbs quc kcmcrj. Jdc`ês, cl urjmeb, dcl nujl prbncdc lj cmcrkàj munlcjr, tj`heåm sc erê cmnjrcnecmdb pbrquc ljs rcscrvjs ùmdejlcs nbmbnedjs y rcnupcrjhlcs j um nbstc rjzbmjhlc mb supcrjm lbs > þ 4 èllbmcs dc tbmcljdjs. Dchc`bs èrjr j pjàscs nb`b Jlc`jmej y ûcnej quc cstêm ncrrjmdb sus ncmtrjlcs munlcjrcs j lj vcz quc desèmuycm cl nbmsu`b dc pctrþlcb pjrj rcduner ljs cèsebmcs dc NB 8, cl premnepjl kjs rcspbmsjhlc dcl cocntb emvcrmjdcrb. Qjrj

dånjdj :551-:555. Lb qucjltcrmjtevj nbmvecrtc pjrj j lj cmcrkàj dc munlcjr cm lj `cgbr kjrjmtezjr cl jhjstcneècmtb ùmdejl dc cmcrkàj sckurj y le`pej.

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Sm hcmcoeneb ùtub Ljs jhcgjs sbm jtrjàdjs pbr lj obr`j, nblbr y jrb`j dc ljs olbrcs. ^bhrc tbdb prcoecrcm ljs dc tbmbs j`jrellbs y

:6

Qrckumtj : Cl prbpþsetb dc lj scnneþm tetuljdj Sm hcmcoeneb ùtub cs cxplenjr7 Cm quå nbmsestc lj djmzj dc ljs jhcgjs. Lj uteledjd dc lj ècl pjrj lbs scrcs fu`jmbs. Zuc ljs olbrcs sc hcmcoenejm tjmtb nb`b ljs jhcgjs. Zuc lbs fu`jmbs mbs hcmcoenej`bs tjmtb nb`b ljs jhcgjs . Qrckumtj 8 Smj jhcgj cxplbrjdbrj fj cmnbmtrjdb jle`cmtb cm dercnneþm bpucstj jl sbl ²Nþ`b emdenjrê lj jhcgj j sus nb`pjúcrjs lj dercnneþm dþmdc sc cmnucmtrj cl jle`cmtb2 J) Lj jhcgj dcsncmdcrê vcrtenjl`cmtc. Lj jhcgj rcjlezjrê lj “djmzj dcl nàrnulb‐. nàrnulb‐. Lj jhcgj `bvcrê cl jhdb`cm. Lj jhcgj jsncmdcrê cm nàrnulbs. Qrckumtj > ²Qbr quå sc denc quc ljs jhcgjs tecmcm lcmkujgc2 J) Qbrquc cètcm sbmedbs quc btrjs jhcgjs pucdcm rcnbmbncr. Qbrquc sbm njpjncs dc jprcmdcr umjs dc btrjs. Qbrquc sc hcmcoenejm ùtuj`cmtc. Qbrquc sc trjsètcm emobr`jneþm cmtrc clljs. Qrckumtj 4 ²Zuå obr`j tecmc lj djmzj dc ljs jhcgjs nujmdb lj oucmtc dc jle`cmtb cs cstê tê j >1 `ctrbs dc lj nbl`cmj2

Qrckumtj 3 Ljs jhcgjs trjspbrtjm cl pblcm dc umj olbr j btrj olbr tb`jmdb cl pblcm7 J) Dcl mcntjreb dc umj olbr y llcvêmdblb j lbs cstj`hrcs cst j`hrcs dc btrj olbr. Dc lbs cstj`hrcs dc umj olbr y llcvêmdblb jl cstek`j cst ek`j dc btrj olbr. Dcl mcntjreb dc umj olbr y llcvêmdblb jl cstek`j dc btrj olbr. Dc lbs cstj`hrcs dc umj olbr y llcvêmdblb j lbs cstj`hrcs dc btrj olbr.

:5

Cmcrkàj Munlcjr Jntujl`cmtc cl 6;% dc lj cmcrkàj quc nbmsuè`bs prbvecmc dc quc`jr nb`hustehlcs dcrevjdbs dcl pctrþlcb, lb quc prbdunc kjscs dc cocntb emvcrmjdcrb. Cstb cstê jocntjmdb krjvc`cmtc jl nj`heb nle`êtenb pbr lb quc dchc`bs orcmjr lj cèseþm dc cstbs kjscs. ê nbmsedcrj`bs quc lj dc`jmdj dc cmcrkàj ùmdejl mb dcgj dc ju`cmtjr, lb quc fjrê quc cm pbnb tec`pb sc jkbtcm ljs rcscrvjs ùmdejlcs dc pctrþlcb, dchc`bs c`pczjr j nbmsedcrjr lj cxplbtjneþm dc oucmtcs jltcrmjtevjs dc cmcrkàj deocrcmtcs dcl pctrþlcb. Cm lj jntujledjd, lj ÷menj pbseheledjd suoenecmtc`cmtc dcsjrrblljdj pjrj kjrjmtezjr ljs mcncsedjdcs ùmdejlcs dc cmcrkàj cs lj cxplbtjneþm dc lj cmcrkàj munlcjr. Fjstj lj ocnfj su premnepjl orcmb fjm sedb lbs prbhlc`js dc sckuredjd y `cdebj`hecmtc. Qcrb, cm lbs ÷lte`bs júbs, lj emdustrej

Cl usb dc lj cmcrkàj munlcjr mb sc pucdc dcocmdcr7 me sbnejl, me cnbmþènj, me `cdebj`hecmtjl`cmtc. Mb fjy quc emsester cm su pclekrbsedjd, yj quc lj tcrrehlc cxplbseþm dc lj ncmtrjl munlcjr dc Nfcrmþhel supusb cl pumtb oemjl j cstc dchjtc. Lj emdustrej munlcjr fj orjnjsjdb cnbmþènj`cmtc djdb quc, j pcsjr dc ljs jyudjs cnbmþènjs rcnehedjs, mb fj nbmsckuedb scr um sestc`j rcmtjhlc dc kcmcrjneþm dc cmcrkàj. Qbr btrj pjrtc, cm lbs ÷lte`bs nemnucmtj júbs mb sc fj cmnbmtrjdb umj sbluneþm sjtesojntbrej pjrj dcsfjncrsc dc lbs pclekrbsbs rcsedubs rjdebjntevbs quc kcmcrj. Jdc`ês, cl urjmeb, dcl nujl prbncdc lj cmcrkàj munlcjr, tj`heåm sc erê cmnjrcnecmdb pbrquc ljs rcscrvjs ùmdejlcs nbmbnedjs y rcnupcrjhlcs j um nbstc rjzbmjhlc mb supcrjm lbs > þ 4 èllbmcs dc tbmcljdjs. Dchc`bs èrjr j pjàscs nb`b Jlc`jmej y ûcnej quc cstêm ncrrjmdb sus

jtþènj fj `bdeoenjdb sus cstrjtckejs pjrj lbkrjr quc ljs ncmtrjlcs munlcjrcs scjm `ês sckurjs, le`pejs y coenecmtcs. Dc fcnfb cl m÷`crb dc jnnedcmtcs njyþ um 51% cm lj dånjdj dc :551-:555. Lb quc nbmvecrtc j lj cmcrkàj munlcjr cm lj `cgbr jltcrmjtevj pjrj kjrjmtezjr cl jhjstcneècmtb ùmdejl dc cmcrkàj sckurj y le`pej.

ncmtrjlcs munlcjrcs j lj vcz quc desèmuycm cl nbmsu`b dc pctrþlcb pjrj rcduner ljs cèsebmcs dc NB8, cl premnepjl kjs rcspbmsjhlc dcl cocntb emvcrmjdcrb. Qjrj rcspbmdcr j ljs mcncsedjdcs nrcnecmtcs dc cmcrkàj, cstbs pjàscs cstêm utelezjmdb cmcrkàjs rcmbvjhlcs, nb`b lj cþlenj b lj sbljr, vcrdjdcrjs oucmtcs dc cmcrkàj jltcrmjtevj, `ês cnbmþènjs, le`pejs y sckurjs.

Jrturb ^bmej

81

Qrckumtj : Qjrj Jrturb lj cmcrkàj munlcjr cs lj `cgbr jltcrmjtevj. ²Qbr quå2 J) Lj cmcrkàj munlcjr prbvecmc dcl pctrþlcb quc cs um rcnursb eleètjdb H) Ljs ncmtrjlcs munlcjrcs nbmtjèmjm `cmbs y fjm ju`cmtjdb su sckuredjd. N) Qbrquc lj prbdunneþm dc lj cmcrkàj munlcjr cs eleètjdj. D) Lj cmcrkàj munlcjr cs hjrjtj y oênel dc prbduner. Qrckumtj 8 Jumquc fjy ùnfbs pumtbs dc dcsjnucrdb, Jrturb y ^bmej cstêm dc jnucrdb cm quc… quc… J) Cstê ju`cmtjmdb ùnfb cl prcneb y cl nbmsu`b dc cmcrkàj. H) Ljs ncmtrjlcs munlcjrcs tecmcm recskbs screbs quc fjy quc cvetjr. N) Fjy quc husnjr jltcrmjtevjs j lj cmcrkàj prbncdcmtc dcl pctrþlcb. D) Lj cmcrkàj cs um hecm csnjsb quc fjy quc prbtckcr pjrj quc mb sc jkbtc. Qrckumtj > Jrturb sukecrc quc cl usb dc lj cmcrkàj munlcjr pbdràj, cm pjrtc, cvetjr cl nj`heb nle`êtenb pbrquc…. J) Lj cmcrkàj munlcjr jtjnj y rcdunc lbs kjscs dc cocntb emvcrmjdcrb. H) Cm pbnb tec`pb sc jkbtjrêm ljs rcscrvjs ùmdejlcs dc pctrþlcb. N) Lj cmcrkàj munlcjr cs emjkbtjhlc pbrquc sus rcnursbs sbm eleètjdbs. D) û prbdunneþm, j deocrcmnej dcl pctrþlcb, mb prbdunc kjscs dc cocntb emvcrmjdcrb. e mvcrmjdcrb. Qrckumtj 4 Lues cs um emkcmecrb quc trjhjgj dcsdc fjnc júbs cm umj ncmtrjl munlcjr y pecmsj quc nbm su trjhjgb fjnc umj nbmtrehuneþm ùy e`pbrtjmtc j lj sbnecdjd. ²Nbm queåm nrccs quc cstjràj dc jnucrdb (nbm Jrturb b nbm ^bmej)2 J) Nbm ^bmej pbrquc cm su njrtj jpucstj pbr cmcrkàjs jltcrmjtevjs jlt crmjtevjs jl pctrþlcb. H) Nbm Jrturb pbrquc tj`heåm dcoecmdc cl usb dc cmcrkàjs rcmbvjhlcs. N) Nbm Jrturb pbrquc dcoecmdc quc lj cmcrkàj munlcjr cs `ês sckurj y le`pej pjrj cl `cdeb j`hecmtc quc cl pctrþlcb. D) Nbm ^bmej pbrquc nbmsedcrj quc lj cmcrkàj munlcjr cs `ês rcmtjhlc pjrj lbs neudjdjmbs. Qrckumtj 3 ²Nbm quå oemjledjd fjncm rcocrcmnej Jrturb y ^bmej j lbs jnnedcmtcs munlcjrcs2 J) Qjrj djr jpbyb j sus jrku`cmtjnebmcs7 Jrturb pbrquc cl m÷`crb dc jnnedcmtcs jnnedc mtcs sc fj rcdunedb y ^bmej pbrquc lbs jnnedcmtcs j÷m sbm ùy krjvcs. H) Qjrj cxplenjr quc lj cmcrkàj munlcjr cs pclekrbsj, cm lb quc j`hbs cstêm dc jnucrdb. N) Qjrj cxplenjr quc lbs jnnedcmtcs cm ljs ncmtrjlcs munlcjrcs fjm dcsncmdedb y y,, pbr tjmtb, lj cmcrkàj munlcjr cs umj hucmj jltcrmjtevj. D) Qjrj nbmnecmnejr j lbs lcntbrcs dc quc fjy quc rcduner rcduner cl m÷`crb dc jnnedcmtcs cm ljs ncmtrjlcs munlcjrcs.

8:

Jnnedcmtcs dc trêoenb Cl dejkrj`j dc êrhbl quc jpjrcnc j nbmtemujneþm ùcstrj lj destrehuneþm dc jnnedcmtcs dc trêoenb suncdedbs cm um pjàs sck÷m ljs nbmscnucmnejs quc fjm tcmedb pjrj lbs jnnedcmtjdbs cm tårèmbs dc ùcrtc, emvjledcz b se`plc`cmtc hjgj ljhbrjl durjmtc 8114.

Jnnedcmtcs dc trêoenb

Cl dejkrj`j dc êrhbl quc jpjrcnc j nbmtemujneþm ùcstrj lj destrehuneþm dc jnnedcmtcs dc trêoenb suncdedbs cm um pjàs sck÷m ljs nbmscnucmnejs quc fjm tcmedb pjrj lbs jnnedcmtjdbs cm tårèmbs dc ùcrtc, emvjledcz b se`plc`cmtc hjgj ljhbrjl durjmtc 8114.

Qcrsbmjs quc fjm pjdcnedb jnnedcmtcs dc trêoenb ?.;14

Fcredbs >:66 4;,3%

Qbhljneþm jntevj 8;>1 63,?%

Dcsc`plcjdbs 343 :5,5%

C`plcjdbs 8:63 61,: %

Emvjledcz pcr`jmcmtc 6;3 41%

@ucrtbs >3:? 38,3 %

Qbhljneþm mb jntevj 436 :4,4%

Meúbs 8?8 3;,8%

Qcrsbmjs >ª cdjd :5? 48,6%

Emvjledcz tc`pbrjl :>:1 ?1%

Mbtjs7

:. Lj pbhljneþm jntevj sc rcoecrc j ljs pcrsbmjs nbm cdjdcs nb`prcmdedjs cmtrc lbs :? y lbs ?3 júbs. 8. Lj emvjledcz pcr`jmcmtc sc rcoecrc j lj emnjpjnedjd pjrj dcsc`pcújr um trjhjgb durjmtc cl rcstb dc lj vedj dc lj pcrsbmj, ècmtrjs quc lj emvjledcz tc`pbrjl emdenj quc trjmsnurredb um tec`pb lj l j pcrsbmj pucdc vblvcr j rcjlezjr ljs jntevedjdcs dc quc crj njpjz jmtcs dcl jnnedcmtc.

88

Qrckumtj : ^ck÷m cl dejkrj`j, ²Nuêmtjs pcrsbmjs dc lj >ª cdjd ùrecrbm nb`b nbmscnucmnej dc um jnnedcmtc j nnedcmtc dc trêoenb2 J)

@urecrbm :5?.

H)

@urecrbm >3:?.

N)

Cl 48,6% dc lbs >3:? ùcrtbs.

D)

Cm cl csquc`j sþlb fjy emobr`jneþm dc lbs fcredbs.

Qrckumtj 8 ²Zuå pbrncmtjgc dc ljs pcrsbmjs c`plcjdjs quc fjm suoredb um jnnedcmtc dc trêoenb pbdrê vblvcr j su pucstb dc trjhjgb dcspuås dcl jnnedcmtc2

Qrckumtj > Cm lj njsellj dc meúbs pbdc`bs vcr dbs neorjs neor js (8?8 --- 3;,8%) ²J quå sc rcoecrc csc pbrncmtjgc2 J) J lj prbpbrneþm dc pcrsbmjs fcredjs cm jnnedcmtc quc pcrtcmcncm j lj pbhljneþm mb-jntevj y quc sbm meúbs. H) J lj prbpbrneþm dc meúbs quc pcrtcmcncm j lj pbhljneþm mb-jntevj, quc sbm dcsc`plcjdbs y fjm rcsultjdb fcredbs cm um jnnedcmtc. N) J lj prbpbrneþm dc pcrsbmjs quc pcrtcmcncm j lj pbhljneþm jntevj, quc sbm meúbs y quc fjm rcsultjdb fcredbs cm um jnnedcmtc. D) J lj prbpbrneþm dc meúbs quc pcrtcmcncm j lj pbhljneþm jntevj, quc sbm dcsc`plcjdbs y quc fjm rcsultjdb fcredbs cm um jnnedcmtc. Qrckumtj 4 Cm ljs cstjdàstenjs dcl júb 8113 jlkumbs djtbs dcl csquc`j pucdcm nj`hejr. Emdenj nuêl7 J) Ljs rj`js dcl êrhbl (pbr cgc`plb, dbs rj`js quc sjlcm sjlc m dc fcredbs). H) Lbs pbrncmtjgcs (%) (pbr cgc`plb, meúbs 3;,8%). N) Ljs njtckbràjs dc njdj rcnujdrb (pbr cgc`plb, fcredbs, ùcrtbs,…). ùcrtbs,…). D) Ljs mbtjs dc pec dc pêkemj (pbr cgc`plb, mbtj :, mbtj 8,…). 8,…).

8>

ÊCMTC^C CM ÊLLJ^ JDCNSJDJ^ Dblbrcs ùsnuljrcs, dcskjstcs, lcsebmcs

pucdcm emnjpjnetjr dc obr`j pcr`jmcmtc.

Qrcvcmer cs `cgbr quc nurjr

Ljs lcsebmcs y cmocr`cdjdcs prbvbnjdjs pbr fcrrjècmtjs y lukjrcs dc trjhjgb emjdcnujdbs sc dcsjrrblljm nbm lcmtetud j lb ljrkb dc `cscs b dc júbs. Jfbrj hecm, mbr`jl`cmtc um trjhjgjdbr suclc tcmcr scújlcs y sàmtb`js durjmtc ùnfb tec`pb quc emdenjm quc jlkb mb vj hecm. Jsà, pbr cgc`plb, cl trjhj gjdbr pbdrê cmnbmtrjrsc emnþ`bdb ècmtrjs rcj-

ê umj sellj cs dc`jsejdb ràkedj pucdc obrzjr pbsturjs emnbrrcntjs. ê cstê dc`jsejdb jnblnfjdj pucdc emnrc`cmtjr cl recskb dc dblbrcs ùsnuljrcs. Sm jsecmtb jdcnujdb dchc nu`pler nujtrb rcquesetbs7 Cm pre`cr lukjr, dchc jsckurjr umj pbseneþm nbrrcntj dc lj nblu`mj vcrtchrjl   pjrj lb nujl fj dc scr cstjhlc,

lezj tjrcj bcmpbdrê scmtersu dblbrcs lbs `÷snulbs b cm ljs jrtenuljnebmcs emnlusb dcspuås dcl trjhjgb. ...Lcsebmcs csebmcs.. .. prbvb prbvbCstjs... Cstjs njdjs pbr cl trjhjgb b Csoucrzb X cpctetevb, cpctetevb, llj`jdjs LCX, suclcm scr ùy dblbrbsjs y

prbpbrnebmjr jl usujreb lehcrtjd dc `bveècmtbs y pcrèterlc umj pbsturj nbmobrtjhlc. Dchc prb pbrnebmjr lj pbseheledjd dc rckuljr lj jlturj jlturj dcl jsecmtb.. Tj`heåm dchc jsecmtb scr pbsehlc rckuljr lj jlturj   c emnlemjneþm jlturj emnlemjneþm dcl rcspjldb.   Qbr ÷lte`b sc rcspjldb.

rcnbècmdj quc cl rcspjldb tcmkj umj sujvc nurvjturj nurvjturj nbm cl oem dc prbpbrnebmjr um hucm jpbyb j lj pjrtc emocrebr dc lj cspjldj dcl usujreb (zbmj lu`hjr).

Ljs lcsebmcs nbstbsjs

sbm

Qjrj cvetjr lcsebmcs y `blcstejs tjlcs nb`b dblbrcs cm lj cspjldj, tcmseþm cm lj munj b dblbrcs dc njhczj, dchc`bs jsckurjrmbs dc quc ljs selljs quc utelezj`bs sbm ljs jdcnujdjs. Cs jnbmsc gjhlc csnbkcr nuedjdbsj`cmtc cl `bhelejreb dcl lukjr dc trjhjgb pbrquc jumquc pucdj rcsultjr `ês njrb, nbm cl pjsb dcl tec`pb lbs hcmcoenebs nb`pcmsjm cl nbstc..emenejl. nbstc

84

Qrckumtj : ²Nuêl dc ljs sekuecmtcs joer`jnebmcs sc jsbnej nbm ljs njrjntcràstenjs quc dchc nu`pler umj sellj jdcnujdj2 J) Lj sellj dchc tcmcr um jsecmtb hljmdb y nþ`bdb. H) Lj sellj dchc pcrèter lj rckuljneþm dcl jsecmtb. N) Lj sellj dchc cvetjr lbs `bveècmtbs dcl usujreb. D) Lj sellj dchc tcmcr um rcspjldb jltb y rcntb.

Qrckumtj 8 ²Qbr quå scmtjrsc emjdcnujdj`cmtc cs `ês pcrgudenejl cm cl trjhjgb quc cm ljs selljs dc njsj2 J) Qbrquc lbs trjhjgjdbrcs pjsjm ùnfjs fbrjs cm sus selljs. H) Qbrquc cm cl trjhjgb sc `jmtecmc umj pbsturj pbsturj `ês ràkedj y rcntj. N) Qbrquc cm cl trjhjgb cstj`bs cm tcmseþm. D) Qbrquc ljs selljs dc njsj tecmcm um descúb `ês nbmobrtjhlc nbmobrtjhlc y cstudejdb.

Qrckumtj > Ljs cmocr`cdjdcs prbvbnjdjs pbr cl csoucrzb rcpctetevb (LCX) sc njrjntcrezjm pbrquc7 J) Tjrdjm cm jpjrcncr jumquc cl trjhjgjdbr suorc jlk÷m tepb dc `blcstej njse dcsdc cl premnepeb. H) Jpjrcncm rêpedj`cmtc nb`b nbmscnucmnej dcl `jl usb dc ljs selljs u btrbs eemstru`cmtbs. mstru`cmtbs. N) ^c jltcrmjm pcrebdbs dc dblbrcs dblbrcs emtcmsbs nbm btrbs pcrebdb pcrebdbss dc pbnjs `blcstejs durjmtc vjrebs júbs. D) ^bm lcsebmcs krjvcs jumquc cl trjhjgjdbr mb cxpcre`cmtj memk÷m memk÷m sàmtb`j.

83

Jmcxb 8. Tepb dc prckumtjs y nretcrebs dc nbrrcnneþm.

TCVTB   TCVTB Njlcmtjècmtb Klbhjl   Klbhjl

Lcmkujgc dc ljs Jhcgjs   Jhcgjs

Cmcrkàj Munlcjr Munlcjr

Jnnedcmtcs dc Trêoenb   Trêoenb

Jdcnujdjs   êlljs Jdcnujdjs

QXCKSMTJ   QXCKSMTJ

TEQB DC QXCKSMTJ QXCKSMTJ

XC^QSC^TJ   XC^QSC^TJ

:

Xcolcxeþm/Cvjlujneþm

H

8

Emtckrjneþm

>1 júbs (:) > júbs (1.3)

>

Emtckrjneþm

D

:

Emtckrjneþm

N

8

Xcnupcrjneþm

J

>

Xcolcxeþm/Cvjlujneþm

D

4

Xcnupcrjneþm

Djmzj cm nàrnulb

3

Emtckrjneþm

H

:

Xcnupcrjneþm

H

8

Emtckrjneþm

N

> 4

Emtckrjneþm Xcnupcrjneþm

D N

3

Emtckrjneþm

J

:

Xcnupcrjneþm

D

8

Emtckrjneþm

?1%

>

Emtckrjneþm

J

4

Xcolcxeþm/Cvjlujneþm

H

:

Xcnupcrjneþm

H

8

Emtckrjneþm

J

>

Emtckrjneþm

J

8?

MANUAL. CompLEC

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