Manual 8854

 

 

Abkubo `c bpimi

Eirab`irb7 Xmtb Actcoi

6630 - Zrcstbäìi `c lum`b`is fuabkis hâsmlis “  bomacktbäìi>  bomacktbäìi>

83 firbs

Lursi lum`b`ir `c lrmbkäbs c givcks>

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Ák`mlc Ihgctmvis7 Ihgctm vis7 .............. ............................... .................................. .................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. ................................. ..................... < Liktc÷`is7 Liktc÷ `is7 ................. .................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. .............................. ............. < Mktri`uäìi7 Mktri` uäìi7 ................. .................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. .............................. ............. 0 Liapismäìi c vboir kutrmlmikbo `is bomacktis ......................................................................... 3 B Kivb Xi`b `is Boma Bomacktis cktis............... ................................ .................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ...................... ..... 5 Kutrmcktcs Kutrmc ktcs .............. ............................... .................................. .................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. ................................. ..................... 4 Kutrmcktcs ckcrdítmlis c kìi ckcrdítmlis ............................................................................. 6 Is Zrütm`is Zrütm`is iu Zrit Zritcákbs cákbs .................. ................................... .................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ...................... ..... 6 Is Doálm`is, do÷lm`is iu fm`rbtis `c lbrhiki ....................................................................... = Is Oápm`is Oápm`is iu dir`urbs dir`urbs ............... ............................... ................................. .................................. .................................. .................................. ........................... .......... = Umtbamkbs7 Umtbam kbs7 ................ ................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. .............................. ............. = Is \bms Amkcrbm Amkcrbmss ............... ................................ .................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. .................... ... 2: B Âdub.......................... ............................................ .................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. ...................... ...... 2: Bs Emhrbs Emhrbs ................ ................................. .................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. ............................... .............. 2: Kclcssm`b`cs kutrmlmikbms kbs `mecrcktcs ebscs `b vm`b ......................................................... 22 Xcdrbs boma bomacktbrc cktbrcss ................ ................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. ................. 23 @mvcrsm`b`c @mvcrsm `b`c `is boma bomacktis cktis............. ............................. ................................. .................................. .................................. .................................. ......................... ........ 24 @mvcrsm`b`c `bs rcecmäócs (bomacktis b prmvmocdmbr c b cvmtbr) ............................................ 24 Í mapi mapirtbktc rtbktc77 ................ .................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. ...................... ...... 24 Rubktm`b`cs7 Rubktm `b`cs7 ............... ................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. ...................... ...... 26 Pílkmlbs Pílkm lbs `c liauk liaukmlbäì mlbäìi i ................ ................................. .................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. .................... ... 2= Bomacktbäìi Boma cktbäìi77 ................. .................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. ................................. ......................... ......... 8: @mctbs tcrbpç tcrbpçutmlb utmlbss ................ ................................ ................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. ................. 82 @mctb pbrb b Mkeèk Mkeèklmb lmb .................... .................................... ................................. .................................. .................................. ................................. ...................... ...... 88 @mctb pbrb m`isi m`isiss ................ ................................ ................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. .................8< Kutrmäìi Kutrmä ìi cktírm cktírmlb7 lb7 ............................... ................................................ ................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. ................. 80 Kutrmäìi Kutrmä ìi pbrcktí pbrcktírmlb rmlb ................................ ................................................ .................................. .................................. ................................. ............................ ........... 80 \upocacktis bomacktbrcs ........................................................................................................... 83 8

 

 

Fm`rbtbäìi (pobki `c mkdcstìi `c oáqum`is) ........................................................................... 84 Hmhomidrbemb Hmhom idrbemb77 ................. .................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. ............................ ........... 0=

Ihgctmvis7 •

  Bpomlbr tílkmlbs `c prcstbäìi `c lum`b`is `c bomacktbäìi.   Cectubr b comamkbäìi `c rcsá`uis bomacktbrcs.

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  Bpomlbr bs tílkmlbs `c liaukmlbäìi, `c blir`i lia i tmpi `c mktcroilutir.

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Liktc÷`is7 Liapismäìi c vboir kutrmlmikbo `is bomacktis   Kclcssm`b`cs kutrmlmikbms kbs `mecrcktcs ebscs `b vm`b

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Xcdrbs bomacktbrcs7   @mvcrsm`b`c `is bomacktis

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  @mvcrsm`b`c `bs rcecmäócs (bomacktis b prmvmocdmbr c b cvmtbr)

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  K· `c rcecmäócs, firârmis c mktcrvbois

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  Rubktm`b`cs

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Pílkmlbs `c liaukmlbäìi Bomacktbäìi @mctbs tcrbpçutmlbs \upocacktis bomacktbrcs Fm`rbtbäìi (pobki `c mkdcstìi `c oáqum`is) Likecäìi `c rcecmäócs omdcmrbs Pmpioidmb `bs rcecmäócs Pílkmlbs `c prcpbrbäìi Pílkmlbs `c abkmpuobäìi c likscrvbäìi (abtírmbs-prmabs c bomacktis ercslis c likeclmikb`is) <

 

 

Pílkmlbs `c blik`mlmikbackti

Lum`b`is `c fmdmckc bomacktbr Zrcpbrbäìi `is tbhuocmris `c rcecmäìi

Lum`b`is `c fmdmckc (bktcs c bpüs bs rcecmäócs) Zismlmikbacktis pbrb b tiab `bs rcecmäócs

Mkdcstìi `c bomacktis c hchm`bs Liktrioi `c rmslis \mkbms `c bocrtb (ckdbsdbackti)

Botcrbäócs ki pb`rìi bomacktbr Comamkbäìi `c rcsá`uis bomacktbrcs Ilirrçklmbs c bkiabombs ki bpimi ê prcstbäìi `c lum`b`is Zrilc`macktis `c rcdmsti c rcpirtc

Mktri`uäìi7 B bomacktbäìi, pbrb boía `c uab kclcssm`b`c hâsmlb euk`backtbo, í ua `is ebtircs quc abms mktcrlc`c kb priaiäìi `b sb÷`c. Bssma, tirkb-sc mapcrmisi ‟sbhcr liacr‑ c scoclmikbr is bomacktis ca bprcscktbäócs c qubktm`b`cs bgustb`bs ês kclcssm`b`cs `mârmbs. Sab scocäìi bomacktbr bsscrtmvb mklrcacktb i cstb`i `c sb÷`c `i mk`mvá`ui, `mamkumk`i b tck`çklmb pbrb b abkmecstbäìi `c pbtioidmbs bomacktbrcs cacrdcktcs.

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Sotmabacktc, vcrmemlb-sc ua drbk`c prihocab `b bomacktbäìi ai`crkb, pims is bomacktis tça likscrvbktcs, lirbktcs c suhstèklmbs quáamlbs aumti kilmvbs, liai i bä÷lbr c dir`urbs prcgu`mlmbms ê sb÷`c c pri`utis mk`ustrmbomzb`is.

Liapismäìi c vboir kutrmlmikbo `is bomacktis B bomacktbäìi í ua prilcssi quc liksmstc ca ihtcr `i kissi acmi uab sírmc `c pri`utis kbturbms iu trbkseirab`is quc liktckfba ua likgukti `c suhstèklmbs quáamlbs `ckiamkb`bs kutrmcktcs. Í ua prilcssi viouktârmi gâ quc rcqucr ua likgukti `c prilc`macktis, liai pir cxcapoi, b scocäìi `is bomacktis. Í, pims, ocdátmai rcecrmr quc, kcstc prilcssi mkeouca ebtircs psmlioüdmlis, hmioüdmlis, silmicliküamlis c dcidrâemlis. B kutrmäìi í ua likgukti `c prilcssis ac`mbktc is qubms, i irdbkmsai rclchc, trbkseirab c mklirpirb kis scus prüprmis tclm`is ua lcrti k÷acri `c suhstèklmbs mkdcrm`bs btrbvís `b bomacktbäìi. Cstbs suhstèklmbs, `ckiamkb`bs kutrmcktcs, likstmtuca i abtcrmbo hâsmli pbrb b abkutckäìi `b vm`b. B kutrmäìi í ua prilcssi mkviouktârmi c, cktrc iutris ebtircs, `cpck`c, pir cxcapoi, `c uab cocmäìi cqumomhrb`b `c bomacktis. B `mctítmlb í b `mslmpomkb quc cstu`b is bomacktis c b sub liahmkbäìi `c ai`i b quc luhrba suemlmcktc c b`cqub`backtc bs kclcssm`b`cs kutrmtmvbs `is `mecrcktcs mk`mvá`uis `c blir`i lia bs subs lbrbltcrástmlbs mk`mvm`ubms, bahmcktbms c luoturbms. Zbrb sc liaprcck`cr i pbpco `b bomacktbäìi kb kissb sb÷`c, í prclmsi prmacmri likfclcr is bomacktis c b sub likstmtumäìi. @i acsai ai`i quc tmvcais `c scr mkmlmb`is ca pbobvrbs, pbrb pi`crais likstrumr erbscs c, `bá pi`crais cslrcvcr pâdmkbs `c ua tcxti, pbrb pi`crais ‟likstrumr‑ uab cacktb cqumomhrb`b tcais `c likfclcr is bomacktis c rclikfclcr i ‟euklmikbackti‑ `is

kutrmcktcs.

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B Kivb Xi`b `is Bomacktis

B Xi`b `is Bomacktis Zirtuducsb surdmu ca 2=44, ki scdumackti `b lbapbkfb `c C`ulbäìi Bomacktbr ‟\bhcr Liacr í \bhcr Umvcr‑ mkmlmb`b ca 2=44, tck`i sm`i utmomzb`b

liai mkstruackti csscklmbo kb priaiäìi `c fâhmtis bomacktbrcs sbu`âvcms. @c eirab b btubomzbr cstc mkstruackti, eim obkäb`b ca 8::< b Kivb Xi`b `is Bomacktis, `c blir`i lia is kivis likfclmacktis b`qumrm`is c pbrb acofir pi`cr lirrcspik`cr ês kclcssm`b`cs btubms `b kissb pipuobäìi. B sub eirab lmrluobr bssilmb-sc bi prbti vuodbracktc utmomzb`i ês rcecmäócs, c b sub `mvmsìi pir drupis pcramtc m`cktmemlbr eblmoacktc qubo b pripiräìi lia quc is bomacktis `c lb`b ua `csscs drupis `cvc cstbr prcscktc kb bomacktbäìi `mârmb, mklcktmvbk`i abmir liksuai `is bomacktis pcrtcklcktcs bis drupis `c abmir `macksìi c ackir liksuai `bqucocs quc sc ckliktrba kis drupis `c ackir `macksìi. @cktri `c lb`b drupi cstìi rcukm`is bomacktis kutrmlmikboacktc scacofbktcs cktrc sm, quc `cvca scr rcduobracktc suhstmtuá`is cktrc sm `c ai`i b bsscdurbr bsscdurb r b vbrmc`b`c bomacktbr. @c uab eirab smapocs, b kivb Xi`b `is Bomacktis trbksamtc bs irmcktbäócs pbrb uab Bomacktbäìi \bu`âvco, msti í, uab bomacktbäìi7 Liapoctb “  liacr  liacr bomacktis `c lb`b drupi c hchcr âdub âd ub `mbrmbacktc>

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Cqumomhrb`b  “  liacr   liacr abmir qubktm`b`c `c bomacktis pcrtcklcktcs bis drupis `c abmir `macksìi c ackir qubktm`b`c `ib quc sc ckliktrba kis drupis `c ackir `macksìi, `c eirab b mkdcrmr i k÷acri `c piräócs rcliack`b`i> Ubrmb`b  “   liacr bomacktis, `mecrcktcs `cktri `c lb`b drupi, vbrmbk`i `mbrmbacktc, scabkboacktc c kbs `mecrcktcs ípilbs `i bki.

Kutrmcktcs Bs suhstèklmbs likstmtumktcs `is bomacktis lfbaba-sc Kutrmcktcs. Is kutrmcktcs sìi is pri`utis quc ihtcais `cpims `b trbkseirabäìi `is bomacktis ki kissi irdbkmsai c ti`is t i`is cocs `cscapckfba eukäócs csscklmbms bi lrcslmackti c ê vm`b. Zir sub vcz, is kutrmcktcs bdrupba-sc ca ablrikutrmcktcs7 pritcákbs (prütm`is), fm`rbtis `c lbrhiki (doálm`is, do÷lm`is), oápm`is (dir`urbs), c amlrikutrmcktcs7 vmtbamkbs, amkcrbms c iomdicocacktis, emhrbs c âdub c `cscapckfba hbsmlbacktc trçs drbk`cs drb k`cs eukäócs7 Eukäìi Ckcrdítmlb - bs pritcákbs, is fm`rbtis `c lbrhiki c bs dir`urbs eirkclca b ckcrdmb kclcssârmb b ti`is is prilcssis (pir cxcapoi, bk`br) c rcbäócs `i irdbkmsai (pir cxcapoi, rcspmrbr). Eukäìi Likstrutirb iu Zoâstmlb - boduks kutrmcktcs scrvca pbrb ‟likstrumr‑ bs cstruturbs `i kissi lirpi, liai, pir cxcapoi, bs pritcákbs (pir cxcapoi, pbrb is a÷sluois) c boduks amkcrbms (pir cxcapoi, i lâolmi pbrb issis c `cktcs). Eukäócs Xcduob`irb, Btmvb`irb c Zritctirb - bs emhrbs, b âdub, bs vmtbamkbs c is amkcrbms c iomdicocacktis (pir cxcapoi, i ecrri prcscktc kb lbrkc) rcduoba c btmvba bs rcbäócs 4

 

 

quc ilirrca ki irdbkmsai (pir cxcapoi, b btmvm`b`c mktcstmkbo) c pcramtca quc iutris kutrmcktcs scgba bprivcmtb`is c i pritcgba `c `mvcrsbs bdrcssócs c `ickäbs.

Kutrmcktcs ckcrdítmlis c kìi ckcrdítmlis Is kutrmcktcs `cpims `c bhsirvm`is pcoi tuhi `mdcstmvi, cspclmboacktc ki mktcstmki, vìi bsscdurbr i euklmikbackti quáamli `i lirpi iu actbhiomsai. Cstc liapóc-sc `c ti`bs bs trilbs `c suhstèklmbs, qucr `c likstruäìi c pri`uäìi `c ckcrdmb, qucr `b `cstrumäìi c comamkbäìi `c liapistis.

Cxmstca sctc ebaáombs `c kutrmcktcs, ca quc lb`b ebaáomb tca bs subs lbrbltcrástmlbs, b sub likstmtumäìi c b sub eukäìi7 •

  Is Zrütm`is (iu Zritcákbs)

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  Is Doálm`is (iu Fm`rbtis `c Lbrhiki iu Do÷lm`is)

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  Is Oápm`is (iu Dir`urbs)

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  Bs Umtbamkbs

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  Is \bms Amkcrbms

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  Bs Emhrbs

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  Âdub.

Is Zrütm`is iu Zritcákbs Is prütm`is sìi is tmgiois `i lirpi fuabki. Cocs likstrica i

irdbkmsai,

cobhirba,

c

rcpbrba

is

tclm`is.

Xcspiksâvcms pcoi lrcslmackti `is a÷sluois c tbahía `c ukfbs c lbhcois, bs pritcákbs sìi liksm`crb`bs kutrmcktcs likstrutircs. Zi`ca scr `c irmdca bkmabo, liai i pcmxc c b lbrkc, sck`i i ocmtc c is ivis `ims bomacktis aumti cqumomhrb`is c rmlis ca pritcákbs. Abs tbahía cxmstca pritcákbs `c irmdca vcdctbo vcdct bo liai i ecmgìi, i drìi c b sigb. \ìi bs lrmbkäbs c is b`iocslcktcs, ca pocki lrcslmackti, quc abms kclcssmtba `cstcs abtcrmbms `c likstruäìi. 2dr `c pritcákbs ? 0 qumoilboirmbs (Nlbo.) 6

 

 

B ckcrdmb eirkclm`b pcois bomacktis í ac`m`b ca lboirmbs iu giuocs. Ca kutrmäìi, b ckcrdmb ac`c-sc ca tcrais `c qumoilboirmb (Nlbo.), cqumvbocktc b 2::: lboirmbs iu qumoigiuocs(NG) .

Is Doálm`is, do÷lm`is iu fm`rbtis `c lbrhiki Is doálm`is sìi b ckcrdmb `i lirpi. Rumamlbacktc sìi fm`rbtis `c lbrhiki iu, abms smapocsacktc, bäulbrcs ki scktm`i obti `i tcrai, gâ quc i pìi, bs abssbs, bs hbtbtbs, bs ocduamkisbs sclbs (drìi c ecmgìi) c i brriz ebzca pbrtc `cstb ebaáomb, acsai quc kìi tckfba ua sbhir b`ilmlb`i. Is bäulbrcs abms smapocs sìi b doulisc c b erutisc c ckliktrba-sc kis erutis. Pbahía is bäulbrcs tça liai eukäìi eirkclcr ckcrdmb kclcssârmb pbrb b rcbomzbäìi `bs btmvm`b`cs ca dcrbo c tbo t bo liai bs pritcákbs7 2 dr `c doálm`is 10 qumoilboirmbs.

Is Oápm`is iu dir`urbs @cpims `is abtcrmbms `c likstruäìi c `c ckcrdmb, surdca is oápm`is liai rcscrvbs `i irdbkmsai. Is oápm`is eirkclca ckcrdmb csscklmboacktc lboiráemlb rcspiksâvco pcob abkutckäìi `b tcapcrbturb lirpirbo. Bs dir`urbs eirkclca ckcrdmb sih b eirab aumti liklcktrb`b7 2 dr `c dir`urb 1 = qumoilboirmbs.

Umtbamkbs7 Bs vmtbamkbs ebzca pbrtc `i drupi `c amlrikutrmcktcs csscklmbms pbrb dbrbktmr i hia euklmikbackti `i lirpi fuabki c b prcvckäìi `c `ickäbs lrðkmlbs kìi trbksamssávcms, liai b `mbhctcs c b fmpcrtcksìi. Kclcssârmbs pbrb b pri`uäìi `c ckcrdmb, pbrb i euklmikbackti `i smstcab maukc, libduobäìi sbkduákcb b iutrbs eukäócs, bs =

 

 

vmtbamkbs sìi liapistis irdèkmlis quc i irdbkmsai kìi í lbpbz `c pri`uzmr c, pir mssi, `cvca scr mkdcrm`bs pir acmi `b bomacktbäìi. \ìi kclcssârmbs bi hia euklmikbackti c `csckviovmackti `i irdbkmsai, abs ca pcquckbs qubktm`b`cs. Cxmstca `ims tmpis `c vmtbamkbs, bqucobs quc sìi fm`rissio÷vcms c quc `cvca scr liksuam`bs `mbrmbacktc, c bs ompissio÷vcms, quc pi`ca scr brabzckb`bs pcoi lirpi.

Pmpis7   Ompissio÷vcms - Umtbamkb B> Umtbamkb @> Umtbamkb C> Umtbamkb L>

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  Fm`rissio÷vcms - Umtbamkb H2> Umtbamkb H8> Umtbamkb H3> Umtbamkb H5> Umtbamkb H28>

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Umtbamkb L> Umtbamkb F> Umtbamkb A> Umtbamkb ZZ> Umtbamkb Z>

Is \bms Amkcrbms I irdbkmsai kclcssmtb `c lcrlb `c vmktc amkcrbms, abs is prmklmpbms sìi i lâolmi, i sü`mi i pitâssmi c i ecrri. Is sbms amkcrbms lbtbomsba c rcduobrmzba is prilcssis `c bssmamobäìi bss mamobäìi `is bomacktis. pir cxcapoi b bkcamb rcsuotb `b ebotb `c ecrri.

B Âdub B âdub í vmtbo. \ca bomacktis pi`cais sihrcvmvcr `urbktc boduabs scabkbs, abs sca âdub siacktc boduks `mbs. B âdub mktcrvía kb rcduobäìi tíramlb, kb comamkbäìi `c rcsá`uis, kb rcpbrbäìi `is tclm`is c kb cobhirbäìi `bs sclrcäócs `mdcstmvbs, c kìi eirkclc lboirmbs.

Bs Emhrbs \ìi mk`mspcksâvcms bi trèksmti mktcstmkbo.

2:

 

 

Bs emhrbs sìi liapistis `c irmdca vcdctbo quc kìi sìi `mdcrm`is pcoi irdbkmsai c quc pi`ca scr ckliktrb`is ca boduks bomacktis liai bs erutbs, vcdctbms, drìis c lcrcbms, pir cxcapoi. I liksuai b`cqub`i

`c

emhrbs kb bomacktbäìi í mapirtbktc pbrb abktcr b sb÷`c `i mktcstmki, liahbtcr c prcvckmr `ickäbs, liai b prmsìi `c vcktrc, ihcsm`b`c c `mbhctcs. B rcliack`bäìi `mârmb `c emhrbs pbrb ua b`uoti í cktrc 83 c



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  sìi liktriob`bs bs lbrbltcrástmlbs irdbkioítmlbs `i üoci (lir, vmslism`b`c, lfcmri,

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eirabäìi `c euais c cspuabs)>   Kuklb sc guktb üoci kivi bi üoci usb`i>

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  Bquclc-sc i üoci ki mkálmi `b ermturb>

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  I üoci usb`i pi`c scr rclmlob`i pir uab cktm`b`c cxtcrkb, sck`i pir mssi

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`cpismtb`i ca rclmpmcktc prüprmi `cvm`backtc m`cktmemlb`i.

Abkmpuobäìi c Likscrvbäìi `c Bomacktis Is pri`utis bomacktbrcs `cvcrìi scr abkmpuob`is lia lum`b`i c, b pcssib quc prcpbrb prc pbrb is tuhírluois c ocduacs kìi `cvcrâ scr b acsab quc prcpbrb b lbrkc, pims is tuhírluois c ocduacs sìi botbacktc abklfb`is c pi`ca scr uab eiktc `c liktbamkbäìi c pistcrmir mktixmlbäìi bomacktbr. Kb likecäìi `c bomacktis `cvcr-sc-â tcr ca liktb b tcapcrbturb b`cqub`b, gâ quc cstb likstmtum ua `is ebtircs abms mapirtbktcs kb outb liktrb bs tixmkecäócs bomacktbrcs.

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  Obvbr hca bs aìis c abktckfb bs ukfbs bpbrb`bs c omapbs>

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  Abktcr riupbs c bvcktbms scaprc omapis>

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  Kìi eboc, cspmrrc, tussb, euac iu bssihmc bss ihmc sihrc is bomacktis>

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  Zrck`b scaprc is lbhcois iu usc rc`cs iu tiulbs>

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  Kuklb abkmpuoc bomacktis lia ecrmacktis cxpistis7 usc scaprc ua pcksi>

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  Kìi privc is bomacktis lia tbofcrcs quc scrìi s crìi `cviovm`is ê pbkcob.

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Kirabs hâsmlbs `c fmdmckc b scrca ihscrvb`bs kb abkmpuobäìi `c bomacktis7   Obvbr c `csmkectbr ti`is is pri`utis firtáliobs c ocduacs b liksuamr ca lru.

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  Is bdrmócs sü `cvca scr liksuam`is lizm`is kb sipb, kuklb `cvck`i scr utmomzb`is

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ca sbob`b. Cstc vcdctbo pi`c boigbr pcquckis amlrirdbkmsais lbusb`ircs `c `ickäbs c sìi rcsmstcktcs b cstb `csmkecäìi.   Kìi amsturbr bomacktis lrus lia bomacktis gâ likeclmikb`is, kca guktbr bomacktis

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`c irmdca vcdctbo lia bomacktis `c irmdca bkmabo, `urbktc c bpüs b ebsc `c prcpbrbäìi, `c eirab b cvmtbr liktbamkbäócs lruzb`bs.   Kuklb `cmxbr ê tcapcrbturb bahmcktc lrcacs, abmikcscs c iutris aiofis

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/pri`utis ca lugb likecäìi scgba utmomzb`is ivis, pcoi rmsli `c auotmpomlbäìi `c sboaikcobs (quc cxmstca ercqucktcacktc kis ivis). Ki lbsi `c kìi scrca liksuam`is oidi bpüs b sub prcpbrbäìi, cstcs pri`utis `cvca scr mac`mbtbacktc rcermdcrb`is.   Is bomacktis `cvca scr scrvm`is c liksuam`is oidi bpüs b sub prcpbrbäìi, kuklb

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`cvck`i scr `cmxb`is ê tcapcrbturb bahmcktc, sihrctu`i s ihrctu`i kb prmabvcrb, Ucrìi iu Iutiki.   Ki lbsi `c kìi scrca oidi liksuam`is, is bomacktis `cvca scr abktm`is bhbmxi

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`c 2:·L iu blmab `c 5:·L, iu cktìi likdcob`is, b ema `c sc cvmtbr i lrcslmackti c auotmpomlbäìi `c bdcktcs lbusb`ircs `c `ickäbs (amlrirdbkmsais c pri`utis rcsuotbktcs `b `cliapismäìi `is bomacktis).   Kuklb sc `cvca likscrvbr, rcermdcrbr iu likdcobr bomacktis prcpbrb`is iu

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lizmkfb`is gukti `c bomacktis lrus, pbrb cvmtbr is rmslis `c liktbamkbäìi.   Kuklb sc `cvca `cslikdcobr c viotbr v iotbr b likdcobr is bomacktis.

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Kuklb sc `cvca lioilbr bomacktis qucktcs ki mktcrmir `bs lèabrbs Bs pirtbs `bs lèabrbs `cvca scr s cr bhcrtbs i aákmai `c vczcs pissávco> Pi`is is bomacktis `cvca cstbr tbpb`is, m`cktmemlb`is, ca rclmpmcktcs b`cqub`is c irdbkmzb`is pir tmpi `c bomacktis `c blir`i lia b `mspismäìi `c tcapcrbturb `is cqumpbacktis> Pi`is is bomacktis pcrclávcms `cvca ckliktrbr-sc ê tcapcrbturb `c :·L b 5·L ki lbsi lbs i `c rcermdcrbäìi c ki lbsi `c likdcob`is -26·L.

Likdcobäìi B lèabrb `c likdcobäìi `cvc cstbr cs tbr scaprc omapb, sca dcoi c sca cxlcssi c xlcssi `c bomacktis ki mktcrmir (2/0 omvrc). Kb brruabäìi `is pri`utis `cvc tcr-sc tcr -sc ca liktb quc7 B lèabrb `cvc cstbr irdbkmzb`b pir tmpis drupis `c bomacktis> Kuklb sc `cvca lioilbr bomacktis kìi likdcob`is kbs lèabrbs `c likdcobäìi> Is bomacktis `cvca cstbr pritcdm`is c m`cktmemlb`is lia i rütuoi> is bomacktis likdcob`is ckliktrba-sc ê tcapcrbturb -26·L.

Kuklb sc `cvca lioilbr bomacktis qucktcs ki mktcrmir `bs lèabrbs> Bs pirtbs `bs lèabrbs `cvca scr bhcrtbs i aákmai `c vczcs pissávco> Pi`is is bomacktis `cvca cstbr tbpb`is, m`cktmemlb`is, ca rclmpmcktcs b`cqub`is c irdbkmzb`is pir tmpi `c bomacktis `c blir`i lia b `mspismäìi `c tcapcrbturb `is cqumpbacktis.

@urbktc b prcpbrbäìi c b likecäìi `is bomacktis, í kclcssârmi dbrbktmr `ctcramkb`is prmklápmis `c fmdmckc, pbrb quc sc pissba prcvckmr is rmslis `c trbksamssìi `c mkecäócs iu iutrbs `ickäbs `c trbksamssìi bomacktbr. Cstcs prmklápmis, iu rcdrbs, `mzca rcspcmti ê fmdmckc pcssibo `is abkmpuob`ircs `c bomacktis, bi ai`i liai is bomacktis sìi abkmpuob`is, scrvm`is iu likscrvb`is b fmdmckc `bs mkstbobäócs ik`c is bomacktis sìi brabzckb`is, br abzckb`is, likscrvb`is, prcpbrb`is iu scrvm`is.

Btuboacktc cxmstca vârmbs eirabs `c likscrvbäìi, tbms liai7   Likdcobäìi

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  Uâlui

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  \bodb

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  \clbdca kbturbo

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  Zbstcurmzbäìi

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  Euab`is

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  Lbo`b `c bä÷lbr

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Is abkmpuob`ircs kìi tilba `mrctbacktc kis bomacktis> utmomzba-sc utcksáomis c rclmpmcktcs bpriprmb`is pbrb díkcris bomacktálmis c `cvm`backtc fmdmckmzb`is> Kuklb privbr lia liofcr c lioilâ-ob kivbacktc `cktri `b pbkcob, kuklb cspmrrbr pbrb lmab `is bomacktis, kuklb pcdbr ca bomacktis likeclmikb`is liabs aìis, kuklb omapbr bs aìis bi bvcktbo> Zbrb lb`b prbti c trbvcssb cxmstca utcksáomis pbrb rctmrbr is bomacktis.

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  Stmomzba-sc utcksáomis c rclmpmcktcs bpriprmb`is pbrb díkcris bomacktálmis c

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`cvm`backtc fmdmckmzb`is>   Kuklb privbr lia liofcr c lioilâ-ob kivbacktc `cktri `b pbkcob, kuklb cspmrrbr

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pbrb lmab `is bomacktis, kuklb pcdbr ca bomacktis likeclmikb`is liabs aìis, kuklb omapbr bs aìis bi bvcktbo>   Zbrb lb`b prbti c trbvcssb cxmstca utcksáomis pbrb rctmrbr is bomacktis.

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Is prbtis ermis sìi likscrvb`is ki ermi er mi ê tcap. `c 5·L> Is prbtis qucktcs sìi abktm`is ca hbkfi-abrmb ê tcap. `c 53·L

Í mapirtbktc sbomcktbr7   Kuklb sc `cvc rclikdcobr bomacktis quc tckfba sm`i `cslikdcob`is.

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  I pcslb`i c b lbrkc `cvca scr `cslikdcob`is ca lèabrbs `c rcermdcrbäìi

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scpbrb`bs, sc tbo kìi eir pissávco, cstcs `cvca cstbr lihcrtis, `c eirab b cvmtbr liktbamkbäócs lruzb`bs c amsturb `c i`ircs>   Í aumti mapirtbktc cvmtbr quc i bomackti, `urbktc c bpüs b ebsc `c `cslikdcobäìi,

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cstcgb ca liktblti lia i suli `c `cslikdcobäìi, `cvck`i-sc, pir mssi, lioilbr i bomackti ca drcofbs `c poâstmli iu mkix, iu ca tbhuocmris b`cqub`is, quc pcramtba quc is sulis cslirrba>   Pi`is is bomacktis ca `cslikdcobäìi `cvca cstbr c stbr lihcrtis lia b prüprmb tbapb

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`i rclmpmcktc, lia pcoáluob b`crcktc iu lia ua sbli `c poâstmli trbkspbrcktc, c `cvca scr `cvm`backtc blik`mlmikb`is kbs prbtcocmrbs mkecrmircs `bs lèabrbs `c rcermdcrbäìi>   @cvcrâ scr ockti, pbrb bgu`br b rcmktcdrbäìi `b âdub ês líouobs>

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Lbrkcs7 ackis bectb`bs)>   @cpims `c titboacktc `cslikdcob`is `cvca scr liksuam`is (prbzi 80f), `cvck`i

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`urbktc cssc pcrái`i scr likscrvb`is kb lèabrb rcermdcrbäìi>   @cslikdcobackti ca amlri-ik`bs7 sc i bomackti eir likeclmikb`i mac`mbtbacktc.

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Zrcpbrbäìi `is tbhuocmris `c rcecmäìi   Bs euklmikârmbs quc rcbomzba cstb tbrceb bprcscktba hbtb c tiulb rmdirisbacktc

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omapbs>   Stmomzba-sc utcksáomis c rclmpmcktcs bpriprmb`is pbrb díkcris bomacktálmis c

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`cvm`backtc fmdmckmzb`is>   Kuklb privbr lia liofcr c lioilâ-ob kivbacktc `cktri `b pbkcob, kuklb cspmrrbr

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pbrb lmab `is bomacktis, kuklb pcdbr ca bomacktis likeclmikb`is lia bs aìis, kuklb omapbr bs aìis bi bvcktbo>   Zbrb lb`b prbti c trbvcssb cxmstca utcksáomis pbrb rctmrbr is bomacktis.

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Is prbtis ermis sìi likscrvb`is ki ermi er mi ê tcapcrbturb 5·L. Is prbtis qucktcs sìi abktm`is ca hbkfi-abrmb.

I tbhuocmri `cvc scr likstmtuá`i pir7 Lipi>  Pbofcrcs> Dubr`bkbpi iu hbhctc> Zcäb `c erutb lrub iu tbäb `c erutb lizm`b > Pbäb `c sipb> Zrbti prmklmpbo  B csliofb `is bomacktis vbrmb `c pcssib pbrb pcssib c `cvc-sc `cvc -sc tcr ca btckäìi i fmstirmbo `c `ickäbs (cx7 `mbhítmli, fmpcrtcksi)>

Lum`b`i kbs rcecmäócs7   Bktcs `b rcecmäìi, iecrcäb uab hblmb iu tibofctcs f÷am`is pbrb b fmdmckc aìis

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  Cstmauoc b pcssib b ebzcr bs subs rcecmäócs sizmkfi, acsai quc ki liacäi i ebäb

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aumti ocktbacktc   I prbti, is tbofcrcs, i lipi iu b lfâvckb `cvca cstbr b`bptb`is pbrb eblmomtbr i

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scu usi   Lioiquc b lbhclcmrb hca cocvb`b sc b rcecmäìi eir ki ocmti

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0:

 

    @cstbpc scaprc i tbhuocmri

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  Iecrcäb oáqum`is acsai quc kìi b siomlmtc.

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  Cstcgb btckti ê tcapcrbturb `is bomacktis bktcs `c scrvm-ois

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  Iecrcäb scaprc pcquckbs qubktm`b`c `c liam`b c pcramtc quc b pcssib pissb

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csliofcr vârmbs ipäócs bomacktis   Ki lbsi `c pcssibs lia prihocabs kb aivmacktbäìi `is hrbäis, lioilbr scaprc

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is bomacktis c b âdub prüxmais bi ob`i kìi bectb`i bec tb`i

Lum`b`is `c fmdmckc (bktcs c bpüs bs rcecmäócs)   Í mapirtbktc pripirlmikbr ua bahmcktc lboai>

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  Zisturb lüai`b (cocvb`b).

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Lum`b`is cspcláemlis7   Omapbr b hilb, scaprc quc i m`isi kìi scgb lbpbz `urbktc b rcecmäìi, c ki emkbo

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trbtbr `b fmdmckc irbo.   Eirkclcr ua lipi `c âdub c pbstb `cktáermlb, ki lbsi `c kìi sc likscdumr

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`csoilbr.   @cmxbr i utcktc kuab pismäìi quc ebvircäb b `mdcstìi.

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  Obvbr bs aìis bpüs ti`i i prilc`mackti.

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Zismlmikbacktis pbrb b tiab `bs rcecmäócs   Bktcs `b rcecmäìi, iecrcäb uab hblmb iu tibofctcs f÷am`is pbrb b fmdmckc `bs

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aìis>   Cstmauoc b pcssib b ebzcr bs subs rcecmäócs sizmkfi, acsai quc ki liacäi i ebäb

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aumti ocktbacktc>   I prbti, is tbofcrcs, i lipi iu b lfâvckb `cvca cstbr b`bptb`is pbrb eblmomtbr i

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scu usi>   Lioiquc b lbhclcmrb hca cocvb`b sc b rcecmäìi eir ki ocmti>

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  Iecrcäb oáqum`is acsai quc kìi b siomlmtc>

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  Cstcgb btckti ê tcapcrbturb `is bomacktis bktcs `c ` c scrvm-ois>

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  Iecrcäb scaprc pcquckbs qubktm`b`cs `c liam`b c pcramtc quc b pcssib pissb

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csliofcr vârmbs ipäócs bomacktis>   Ki lbsi `c pcssibs lia prihocabs kb aivmacktbäìi `is hrbäis, lioilbr scaprc

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is bomacktis c b âdub prüxmais bi ob`i kìi bectb`i. 02

 

 

Mkdcstìi `c bomacktis c hchm`bs (liktrioi `c Xmslis/\mkbms `c bocrtb “   ckdbsdbackti) Ki `clirrcr `i prilcssi `c bomacktbäìi pi`ca bpbrclcr smtubäócs quc kclcssmtca `c uab mktcrvckäìi priktb c râpm`b, pir pbrtc `i lum`b`ir. Zi`ca surdmr vüamtis c ckdbsdbackti. Zbrb mssi í mapirtbktc rceiräbr quc i lum`b`ir kcstcs lbsis abktckfb b lboab, trbksamtmk`i tbahía scdurbkäb ê vátmab pbrb quc cstb kìi sc `csliktrioc `cabsmb`i c bdrbvc b smtubäìi.

Zrcpbrbäìi7 Lioilbr i pblmcktc ca pí iu scktb`i> Omhcrtbr i cspbäi lmrluk`bktc pbrb pi`cr aivmacktbr-sc> Ihstruäìi pbrlmbo7 cstmauoc quc i b`uoti/m`isi tussb, `cvc cstmauobr pbrb quc liksmdb cxpcomr i ihgcti> B pcssib `cvc-sc mklomkbr pbrb b ercktc (ebvirclc b quc b eiräb `b drbvm`b`c bgu`c b `csmapc`mr b vmb rcspmrbtürmb)> \c b pbssbdca `i br cstâ titboacktc ihstruá`b c kìi fâ tissc `cvc-sc rcbomzbr r cbomzbr b Abkihrb `c Fcmaomlf.

Abkihrb `c Fcmaomlf I lum`b`ir `cvc pismlmikbr-sc btrâs `b vátmab, mklomkâ-ob pbrb b ercktc c `br 3 pbklb`bs sclbs, lia b aìi bhcrtb, cktrc bs iaipobtbs, • \c i ihgcti kìi tmvcr sbá`i, kb acsab pismäìi, lioilbr b aìi eclfb`b lia i piocdbr

cstmlb`i, liktrb i bh`üack (cktrc ua uahmdi c i bpçk`mlc xmeüm`c) c b iutrb sihrc cstb, bdbrrbk`i-b hca `c eirab b likscdumr l ikscdumr ebzcr prcssìi, @cvca scr ecmtbs 3 liaprcssócs l iaprcssócs bh`iamkbms, liapbssb`backtc `c eirab sclb c ckírdmlb, 08

 

 

I aivmackti `bs liaprcssócs `cvc scr pbrb `cktri `ckt ri c pbrb lmab, pbrb quc b prcssìi prcss ìi `i pcmti buacktc c i ihgcti sbmb. Bs scquçklmbs `c pbklb`bs c liaprcssócs l iaprcssócs `cvca scr botcrkb`bs btí ilirrcr b `csihstruäìi.

Botcrbäócs ki pb`rìi bomacktbr Sab bomacktbäìi sbu`âvco c cqumomhrb`b í uab abms-vbomb ca ti`bs bs m`b`cs, abs cspclmemlbacktc kb tcrlcmrb m`b`c, likstmtum ua `is prmklmpbms pmobrcs pbrb ua ckvcofclmackti btmvi c sbu`âvco, lia abmir qubom`b`c `c vm`b c mk`cpck`çklmb. Bssma sck`i, i pobkcbackti `b bomacktbäìi `is m`isis cxmdc ua iofbr bhrbkdcktc sihrc bs kclcssm`b`cs kutrmlmikbms `cstb ebmxb ctârmb c `bs qucstócs rcoblmikbs lia b sb÷`c, i msiobackti, bs `memluo`b`cs cliküamlbs, b `mslrmamkbäìi silmbo, cktrc iutris.

Botcrbäócs ki pb`rìi bomacktbr - Kutrmäìi ca smtubäócs cspclmbms   @csm`rbtbäìi

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Mkdcrmr hbstbktc oáqum`is, prmklmpboacktc âdub, Cvmtbr i lboir cxlcssmvi, quc pi`c, mklousmvc, ocvbr â mksiobäìi.

0<

 

    @cskutrmäìi

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Xclupcrbr i cstb`i kutrmlmikbo - Kirabomzbr bs botcrbäócs irdèkmlbs ilbsmikb`bs pcob `cskutrmäìi> @mctb cspcláemlb pbrb i lbsi, bomb`b b uab c`ulbäìi c`ulbäì i (iu rcc`ulbäìi) bomacktbr, Irmcktbäócs sihrc fmdmckc bomacktbr c pcssibo.

  Mkecäìi

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Buackti `b mkdcstìi fá`rmlb - hchcr aumtb âdub c lfâs, l fâs, Csvbzmbackti urmkârmi ercqucktc c liapocti> lum`b`is dcrbms `c fmdmckc áktmab, cahirb kìi cxlcssmvis, Liam`bs c hchm`bs ‟mrrmtbktcs‑, liai7 lik`macktis, cspclmbrmbs, âoliio, lbeí, hchm` bs

âlm`bs iu bolbomkbs, ctl., Prbtbackti lia bktmhmütmlis, Prbtbackti urioüdmli (`rckbdca).

  @mbrrcmb

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Ca prmacmri oudbr, rc`uzmr b qubktm`b`c `bs rcecmäócs c `mvm`mr bs mkdcstócs ca piräócs pcquckbs. Ca scduk`i oudbr, í mapirtbktc rc`uzmr i liksuai `c bomacktis quc irmdmkca aumtis rcsá`uis, ca cspclmbo is quc sìi rmlis ca c a emhrb vcdctbo. Ca tcrlcmri oudbr, ckqubkti pcrsmstmr b pcrturhbäìi `mbrrcmlb `cvc suprmamr-sc i liksuai `c pri`utis quc blbhca pir scr mrrmtbktcs pbrb bs pbrc`cs dâstrmlbs c blcocrca i csvbzmbackti `i cstðabdi (rceidb`is, ermtis, cklfm`is, bomacktis aumti sbodb`is c âoliio), hca liai cspclmbrmbs, lbeí c lmtrmkis (obrbkgbs, omaócs). Í ercqucktc rcliack`br-sc i liksuai `c bomacktis hca tiocrb`is c eâlcms `c `mdcrmr, hca liai pri`utis quc tck`ca b privilbr pr ivilbr sclurb ki tuhi `mdcstmvi (cecmti b`strmkdcktc)7 b` strmkdcktc)7 00

 

 

lcrcbms rcemkb`is c `crmvb`is, liai abssbs c pìi hrbkli (tirrb`i), hbtbtbs lizm`bs, pcmxc hrbkli, lbrkc abdrb c piuli emhrisb, erutb ca liapitb, abäì bssb`b, ctl.

  Ihstmpbäìi

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Liksuamr pri`utis rmlis ca emhrb vcdctbo (erutb lrub, vcr`urbs, ocduacs c firtbomäbs, lcrcbms mktcdrbms c scus `crmvb`is), gâ quc kìi sc `mdcrca c, boía `mssi, bhsirvca âdb, c dbrbktc ua buackti `i viouac `is rcsá`uis c uab `mamkumäìi `b sub liksmstçklmb, ebvirclck`i bssma bs liktrbäócs `i lüoik c ua trèksmti tr èksmti abms râpm`i pcoi mktcstmki. Í cxtrcabacktc mapirtbktc liksuamr uab hib qubktm`b`c `c oáqum`i7 kìi ackis `c < O `c âdub pir `mb cktrc is bomacktis c bs hchm`bs, sck`i prcecrávco hchcr b abms `i quc b ackis.

Kcstb m`b`c sìi vmsávcms bs scdumktcs botcrbäócs bomacktbrcs7   @csm`rbtbäìi7  `cvc-sc mkdcrmr hbstbktc oáqum`is, prmklmpboacktc âdub.

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  Mkecäìi urmkârmb7  hchcr aumtb âdub c lfâs (buackti `b mkdcstìi fá`rmlb), bs

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liam`bs c hchm`bs ‟mrrmtbktcs‑ `cvca scr cvmtb`bs (cspclmbrmbs, âoliio, lbeí). Lbsi

kìi fbgb acofirbs, tca `c sc prcslrcvcr bktmhmütmlis.   @mbrrcmb7 `cvc-sc rc`uzmr i liksuai `c bomacktis quc irmdmkca aumtis rcsá`uis, ca

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cspclmbo is quc sìi rmlis ca emhrb vcdctbo, rcliack`b-sc i liksuai `c bomacktis hca tiocrb`is c eâlcms `c `mdcrmr> ` mdcrmr>   Ihstmpbäìi7 Liksuamr pri`utis rmlis ca emhrb vcdctbo (erutb lrub, vcr`urbs, ocduacs

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c firtbomäbs, lcrcbms mktcdrbms c scus `crmvb`is).

Comamkbäìi `c rcsá`uis bomacktbrcs Is rcsá`uis bomacktbrcs `cvca scr `cvm`backtc brabzckb`is ca oilbo prüprmi pbrb b sub s ub rcaiäìi emkbo, `cvca scr `cpismtb`is ca liktcktircs eclfb`is c abktm`is ca lik`mäócs quc pcramtba eâlmo omapczb c `csmkecäìi. Kitb7 Is rcsá`uis bomacktbrcs iu iutris kìi `cvca scr bluauob`is ca oilbms ik`c sìi abkmpuob`is bomacktis, cxlcti kb ac`m`b ca quc tbo scgb mkcvmtâvco pbrb b cxcluäìi b`cqub`b `i trbhbofi.

03

 

 

Is rcsá`uis, bomacktbrcs iu iutris kìi `cvca scr bluauob`is ca oilbms ik`c sìi abkmpuob`is bomacktis, cxlcti kb ac`m`b ca quc tbo scgb mkcvmtâvco pbrb b cxcluäìi b`cqub`b `i trbhbofi> Is rcsá`uis bomacktbrcs `cvca scr `cpismtb`is ca liktcktircs eclfb`is c abktm`is ca lik`mäócs quc pcramtba eâlmo omapczb c `csmkecäìi. Is euklmikârmis `b lizmkfb cectuba b rcaiäìi `is rcsá`uis, bpüs tcrca sm`i scrvm`bs bs rcecmäócs. Is rcsá`uis sìi brabzckb`is ca oilbms quc pcramtba hibs lik`mäócs `c omapczb c ca oilbo prüprmi ki cxtcrmir `bs mkstbobäócs `i cstbhcoclmackti.

I trbkspirtc mktcrki `is XF prilcssb-sc ca uab iu ca `ubs ctbpbs7   Prbkspirtc mktcrki, quc sc cectub `cktri `i L\/C\, cktrc bs zikbs `c pri`uäìi c i

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oilbo `c brabzckbdca c cktrc cstc cst c c i cxtcrmir, lbs lbsi i kìi fbgb uab liaukmlbäìi `mrctb cktrc bahis>   Prbkspirtc cxtcrki Mktrb scrvmäis `c sb÷`c (cktrc i oilbo `c pri`uäìi c i L\/C\).

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Cstcs XF rcsuotba `b prcstbäìi `c lum`b`is `c sb÷`c kbs C\ c kbs vmsmtbs `iamlmomârmbs, sck`i trbkspirtb`is kis lbrris `c scrvmäi c, cvcktuboacktc, kiutris trbkspirtcs, kiacb`backtc, vmbturbs `c bouducr iu `is prcstb`ircs `c lum`b`is `iamlmomârmis/ liktmkub`is. Pi`i i abtcrmbo utmomzb`i pbrb i trbkspirtc `is XF, qucr mktcrki qucr cxtcrki, Mktrb scrvmäis `c sb÷`c, `cvc scr obvb`i c `csmkectb`i rcduobracktc c sü `cvc scr `cstmkb`i b cssc ema. Ki lbsi `bs vmbturbs `c trbkspirtc t rbkspirtc `cvc fbvcr i lum`b`i `c bs obvbr pcrmi`mlbacktc.

  Xcsá`uis

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  Irdèkmlis

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  Iutris rcsá`uis

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  Omxi tüxmli (fispmtbobrcs)

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  Xcsá`uis `iaístmlis

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  Xcsá`uis süom`is urhbkis

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  Xcsá`uis Mk`ustrmbms

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05

 

    Xcsá`uis `c Likstruäìi c @caiomäìi

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Ilirrçklmbs c bkiabombs ki bpimi ê prcstbäìi `c lum`b`is (rcdmsti c rcpirtc) B râpm`b cviouäìi tílkmlb c `c cxmdçklmb silmbo, ca M Z\\”s iu b iutrbs cktm`b`cs prmvb`bs iu p÷homlbs quc ipcrba kcstc scltir ca vboçklmbs c cspclmbom`b`cs `mvcrsbs, ca mktcrkbackti iu bahuobtürmi, lioilb `csbemis quc suslmtba uab abmir liapocxm`b`c c rmdir kb sub dcstìi c ipcrbäìi doihbo, ca quc i `csckviovmackti `c bäócs kis scus vârmis lbpátuois, `mrmdm`bs pbrb eukäócs `c rcspiksbhmom`b`c, rcprcscktba figc ca `mb, aclbkmsais euk`backtbms pbrb b ihtckäìi `c ecrrbacktbs vârmbs.

Zbrb mssi cxmstca rcdrbs dcrbms pbrb7   B cobhirbäìi `c cacktbs, prcpbrbäìi c likecäìi>

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kclcss m`b`cs `i lomcktc>   @mstrmhumäìi c bpimi `bs rcecmäócs `c blir`i lia bs kclcssm`b`cs   Dbrbktmr uab bomacktbäìi cqumomhrb`b, scdumk`i bs hibs prâtmlbs `c fmdmckc c

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scdurbkäb bomacktbr.

Zrilc`macktis Zrilc`mack tis `c rcdmsti I ‟Abkubo `b Rubom`b`c pbrb bs rcspistbs silmbms - \cr vmäi vmäi `c bpimi `iamlmomârmi‑ lbrbltcrmzb `b scdumktc eirab i Zrilcssi ‟Kutrmäìi c bomacktbäìi‑7 

Ihgctmvi Cstbhcoclcr bs rcdrbs dcrbms pbrb b cobhirbäìi `c cacktbs, prcpbrbäìi, likecäìi, `mstrmhumäìi c bpimi `bs rcecmäócs `c blir`i lia bs kclcssm`b`cs `i lomcktc c dbrbktmr uab bomacktbäìi cqumomhrb`b, scdumk`i bs hibs prâtmlbs `c fmdmckc c scdurbkäb bomacktbr.

Lbapi `c bpomlbäìi Bpomlb-sc b ti`is is liobhirb`ircs quc `csckviovca btmvm`b`cs ki èahmti `b cobhirbäìi `c cacktbs, prcpbrbäìi, likecäìi, `mstrmhumäìi c bpimi `bs rcecmäócs c kb 04

 

 

m`cktmemlbäìi c bkâomsc `c pcrmdis / ilirrçklmb `c ebofbs cxpcltâvcms kcstc prilcssi `b lb`cmb bomacktbr.

Mk`mlb`ircs `i prilcssi \ìi ecrrbacktbs csscklmbms pbrb ac`mr i `cscapckfi `is Zrilcssis. B aikmtirmzbäìi `i prilcssi scrâ rcbomzb`b btrbvís `i liktrioi `is mk`mlb`ircs quc `cvca scr `cemkm`is `c emkm`is pcob @mrcäìi `i cstbhcoclmackti, ca eukäìi `i ai`coi irdbkmzblmikbo c `is ihgctmvis cstrbtídmlis `b mkstmtumäìi.

Cktrb`b   Xcdrbs `c bomacktbäìi cqumomhrb`b

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  Lomcktcs lia kclcssm`b`cs bomacktbrcs cspclmemlbs c / iu rcdmacs cspcláemlis

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  K.· `c rcecmäócs b scrvmr

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  K.· `c rcecmäócs b bpimbr pir ua liobhirb`ir

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  Zobki `c `csckviovmackti mk`mvm`ubo

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  Kclcssm`b`cs, fâhmtis c cxpcltbtmvbs `is lomcktcs

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  Hibs prâtmlbs `c fmdmckc c scdurbkäb bomacktbr

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\bá`b   K.· `c rcecmäócs scrvm`bs

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  K.· `c rcecmäócs bpimb`bs pir ua liobhirb`ir

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  K.· `c ilirrçklmbs (prihocabs `clirrcktcs `i eirkclmackti `c rcecmäócs)

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  Kclcssm`b`cs, fâhmtis c cxpcltbtmvbs `i lomcktc sbtmsecmtbs

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  Cstb`i `c fmdmckc c omapczb `bs mkstbobäócs mkstmtulmikbms c `iamlmomârmbs

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Mk`mlb`ircs7   Pbxb `c cxcluäìi `c rcecmäócs scrvm`bs (k.· `c rcecmäócs scrvm`bs / k.· `c rcecmäócs

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pobkcb`bs)>

06

 

    Pbxb `c cxcluäìi `c rcecmäócs bpimb`bs pir ua liobhirb`ir (k.· `c rcecmäócs

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bpimb`bs / k.· `c rcecmäócs prcvmstbs b scrca bpimb`bs)   K.· `c ilirrçklmbs

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  K.· `c rclobabäócs

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  Drbu `c luaprmackti `i Zobki `c Mkspcäìi âs Mkstbobäócs

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Bs btmvm`b`cs `csckviovm`bs ki bpimi kbs rcecmäócs c priaiäìi `b butikiamb `is lomcktcs `cvca scr aikmtirmzb`bs scabkboacktc, hca liai bvbomb`bs acksboacktc. I lomcktc c / iu pcssib prüxmab `cvca scr ckviovm`is kb bvbombäìi. Is rcspiksâvcms pcob aikmtirmzbäìi c bvbombäìi `cemkca, lia is liobhirb`ircs, is mk`mlb`ircs rcspctmvis, bssma liai is mkstruacktis acti`ioüdmlis pbrb `csckviovcr b aikmtirmzbäìi c bvbombäìi, tbms liai7   Cktrcvmstbs / pcqucki qucstmikârmi `c sbtmsebäìi `is lomcktcs c pcssibs prüxmabs

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(ebaáombs c iutris),   Xcdmstis `b aikmtirmzbäìi scabkbo.

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Is mk`mlb`ircs `c aikmtirmzbäìi c bvbombäìi sìi `cemkm`is bqubk`i `b cobhirbäìi `i Zrilcssi `c `csckviovmackti mk`mvm`ubo `i lomcktc. Is rcsuotb`is `b bvbombäìi `cvca scr `i likfclmackti `i lomcktc c / iu pcssibs prüxmabs, sck`i rcdmstb`is, `btb`is, bssmkb`is c brqumvb`is ki prilcssi Mk`mvm`ubo `i acsai.

Hmhomidrbemb7 fttps7//bomacktblbisbu`bvco.`ds.pt/bomacktblbi-ca-kuacris/liapismlbi-kutrmlmikbo`is-bomacktis/   `is-bomacktis/ fttp7//www8.mksb.pt/smtcs/MK\B/Zirtuducs/BrcbsLmcktmemlbs/BomacktKutrmlbi/BpomlblicsI komkc/PbhcobBomacktis/Zbdmkbs/PbhcobBomacktis.bspx   komkc/PbhcobBomacktis/Zbdmkbs/PbhcobBomacktis.bspx fttps7//www.prbtilcrti.pt/upoib`s/eitisYbrtmdis/emocs/dumbiY`cYc`ulblbiYbomacktbr.p`e fttps7//www.prbtilcrti.pt/upoib`s/eitisYbrtmdis/emocs/dumbiY`cYc`ulblbiYbomacktbr.p`e  

0=

 

 

Hbptmstb, A. (8:2:) Abkubo `c Zrmacmris \ilirris7 \mtubäócs `c Srdçklmb kbs Csliobs, Gbr`mks `c Mkeèklmb c Lbapis `c Eírmbs. Omshib7 @mrcläìi-Dcrbo `c Mkivbäìi c `c @csckviovmackti Lurrmluobr. Hckti ct bo. (8:22) Bomacktbäìi B`cqub`b7 Ebäb abms pcob sub s ub \b÷`c! Zirti7 Bssilmbäìi Zirtuducsb `c Kutrmlmikmstbs. Zmkfi, ct bo. (8:25) Dumb Bomacktbr Ac`mtcrrèkmli  “  Euk`backtbäìi   Euk`backtbäìi c @csckviovmackti. Omshib7 Zridrbab Kblmikbo pbrb b Zriaiäìi `b Bomacktbäìi \bu`âvco. Rubrcsab, A. (2==5) Lum`b`is b pcssibs aumti M`isbs. Omshib7 @DB\. Xcbo, F. ct bo. (8:2 Zcrcmrb, Eâtmab, Abkubo `i eirabk`i7 Bpimi b m`isis ca acmi ebamombr, Zrigcti @coema - DMLCB - Dbhmkctc `c Dcstìi `c Mkmlmbtmvbs Liaukmtârmbs `i Caprcdi, 8:::

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