Manifiesto Zombie Digital

 

 

Cbdioijstf Pfcmij    Burfrb ]bid

 

 

 

 

© BZ]F]B ]BID CBDIOIJ[WF PFCMIJ I[MD pbpjn0 I[MD pgo0 Icprjsf jd Keinj Jgitbgf pfr Xrfguktfrb Wrisljn Ntgb. ]jsjrvbgfs tfgfs nfs gjrjkefs. [bnvf jxkjpkiûd prjvistb pfr nb njy, df sj pjrcitj nb rjprfgukkiûd tftbn f pbrkibn gj jstb fmrb, di su idkfrpfrbkiûd b ud sistjcb idofrcâtikf, di su trbdscisiûd jd kubnquijr ofrcb f pfr kubnquijr cjgif (jnjktrûdikf, cjkâdikf, oftfkfpib, arbmbkiûd u ftrfs) sid butfrizbkiûd prjvib y pfr jskritf gj nfs titunbrjs gjn kfpyriaet. Nb idorbkkiûd gj gikefs gjrjkefs kfdnnjvb sbdkifdjs njabnjs y pujgj kfdstituir ud gjnitf kfdtrb nb prfpijgbg idtjnjktubn. Jskrimb b Wrisljn.prfgHacbin.kfc si djkjsitb oftfkfpibr f jskbdjbr bnaðd orbacjdtf gj jstb fmrb.

 

 

 B cis ei`fs, b ci cbrigf y kfcpbòjrf gj vigb, b dujstrb ejrcfsb pbtrib bcjdbzbgb, pjrf pfr sfmrj tfgf b Gifs quj dfs rfgjb gj cinbarfs quj dfs cbdtijdj bsfcmrbgfs kfcf diòfs bdtj nf quj dfs rfgjb.

 

Ãdgikj •  Xrûnfaf. Xâa. 2= •  Idtrfgukkiûd. Xâa. 27

KBX. 2 •  Wrbtjcfs gj jdtjdgjr kûcf sj gif jstf. Xâa. 2: •  Zd pfkf câs gj pbkijdkib. Xâa. =2 •  Xbkijdkib, kfd jstf tjrcidbcfs0 kubgjrdfs gj nb kbrkjn. Xâa. =? KBX.= •  Xrfkjsf gj gjszfcmioikbkiûd. Jdtjdgijdgf nb cjdtj gjn zfcmij. Xâa. ;7 •  ¶Xjrf, kûcf nbs pjrsfdbs pfgjcfs kfcpfrtbrdfs iaubn quj udb rbdb6. Nb vjdtbdb Fvjrtfd. Xâa. ;? •  ¶Rué ebkj b nbs pjrsfdbs tbd géminjs bdtj nbs idonujdkibs jxtjrdbs6 Nfkus gj kfdtrfn gjn zfcmij. Xâa. 72 •  Nfkus gj kfdtrfn y tu outurf kfcf zfcmij. Xâa.7= •  Jn jtjrdf kfcmustimnj gjn zfcmij0 nb vikticizbkiûd. Xâa. 7: •  Eby zfcmijs gj pricjrb y gj sjaudgb kbtjafrãb0 nb aujrrb gj nfs sjxfs. Xâa. 79

 

•  Kfnjktiviscf rjvfnukifdbrif. rjvfnukifdbrif. Xâa. :;

KBX. ; •  Rué ebkjcfs nbs pjrsfdbs bdtj nb zfcmioikbkiûd gj nfs diòfs. Xâa. :1 •   Ârcbtj gj pbkijdkib y bktðb pbsf b pbsf. Xâa.?8 •  Jn aruòigf zfcmij0 vfkbmunbrif. Xâa. ?2 •  Jn kbcpf gj mbtbnnb zfcmij0 Nfs jspbkifs. Xâa. ?: •  Jn idtjrkbcmif zfcmij0 Kfdvjrsbkiûd. Xâa. 12 •  Zdb jdfrcj oujdtj gj idcudigbg0 nfs Bmujnfs.

Xâa. 1: •  ¶Jn zfcmij tijdj kfrbzûd6... vbnfrbkiûd vbnfrbkiûd gjn ei`f ei`f.. Xâa. 11 •  Jn zfcmij, ¶dbkj f sj ebkj6... sjxubnizbkiûd. Xâa. 15 •  [i pbrjkj udb rfsb, eujnj b rfsb, tijdj jspidbs gj rfsb, jdtfdkjs  pbrb jn zfcmij. Xâa.js57ud kfejtj!!!. Nb rjbnigbg •   Wbdtf tj icpfrtb quj sjb zfcmij… be6. Xâa. 55 •  Jskujnb gj zfcmijs. Xâa. 99 Jd rjsucjd. Xâa. 28; Kfdknusifd/prfojsib. Xâa.222

 

 

 

X]ÛNFAF

Ebkj bòfs… ouj udb sfrprjsb kubdgf kfcjdzbrfd b bpbrjkjr, bn pridkipif tj rjãbs bn vjr kfcf nbs pfmrjs kribturbs sj tbcmbnjbmbd jd sus pbsfs y mbnmukjbmbd pbnbmrbs, sj vjãbd kfcf udb prjfkupbkiûd idjxistjdtj quj df bojktbmb tu vigb gibrib. Xjrf gãb b gãb câs sj idojktbrfd, nfs jcpijzbs b vjr jd nb tjnjvisiûd, dftikibs, pjnãkunbs, nimrfs y `ujafs. Xjrf jd jsj pudtf yb js cuy tbrgj. Kubdgf nb „efrgb cjdtj gj kfncjdb– gjrrimb nb pujrtb gj tu kbsb, prfdtf tj gbs kujdtb gj quj jn brijtj sfd tus prfpifs ei`fs quj ebd sigf bsicinbgfs. Jn brcb jstâ jd tus cbdfs y jd sjaudgfs gjmjs tfcbr udb gjkisiûd grâstikb, pjrf bn vjr jn rfstrf gj tus rjtfòfs jnicidb tfgb dfkiûd gj jnjkkiûd, df tijdjs ftrb fpkiûd y gjmjs idtjarbrtj b nb cbsb pfr jn mijd gj jnnfs, f jsf js nf quj krjjs quj pujgj sjr cj`fr. Jd tfgf jn cudgf nb idojkkiûd zfcmij   sj jstâ jxpbdgijdgf, gfcidbgf kbgb jspbkif j idointrâdgfsj jd nbs cjdtjs gj nbs pjrsfdbs b nbs quj câs quijrjs y prfdtf tfgf jn cudgf sjrâ cfngjbgf mb`f nb cirbgb kfrruptb gj jstfs putrjobktfs put rjobktfs sjrjs... Kfcf pbgrj, ejrcbdf, tãf f bmujnf df sbmjs quj ebkjr.

 

Jd jstj cbdubn ustjg pfgrâ igjdtioikbr b ud zfcmij , gj gfdgj vijdjd y sbmjr qué ebkjr pbrb kfcmbtirnfs.

Dfvijcmrj =8=8

 

IDW]FGZKKIÛD

¶Pfcmijs 6, 6, ¶Js udb mrfcb6... ebmnbcfs gj pjnãkunbs gj mb`f prjsupujstf, vigjf knips fkejdtjrfs, f ud pbsjf gj gãbs gj mru`bs6... Dbgb gj jsf, js udb vjrsiûd gj tfgf nf bdtjrifr, pjrf js cuy bktubn y cuy rjbn. Bdbnikjcfs ud pfkf… Kfrrij dtjcjdtj sj jdtijdgj kfcf zfcmij   b ud sjr quj mâsikbcjdtj jstâ cujrtf, pjrf quj bpbrjdtjcjdtj jstâ vivf, yb quj cbdtijdj bnaudbs gj sus oudkifdjs vitbnjs quj nj pjrcitj cfvjrsj, bnicjdtbrsj, aruòir y gjstrfzbr. [us frãajdjs sj rjcfdtbd bn kuntf vugð, gfdgj ud ejkeikjrf, cjgibdtj prjpbrbkifdjs sjkrjtbs quj bpnikb b udb pjrsfdb, ebkj quj cujrb pbrb nujaf rjvivirnf y kfdvjrtirnj jd su jsknbvf quj ebrâ tfgf nf quj sj nj frgjdj, pfrquj kbrjkj gj vfnudtbg prfpib. Mujdf, gjn kidj gj y gjn _ugð, jd nb ybktubnigbg udboujrb ajdjrbkiûd sjrjs qujtjdjcfs sj cujvjd ebstb ebmnbd, pjrf kuybs oudkifdjs kfrtikbnjs supjrifrjs, idknuyjdgf su vfnudtbg jstâd sjribcjdtj kfcprfcjtigbs, bn jstbr oujrtjcjdtj cbdipunbgbs pbrb oidjs quj di siquijrb jdtijdgjd f kfdfkjd.

 

Xbrb jnnfs nb rjbnigbg df js rjbn, nb butjdtikigbg js udb  vjrsiûd b kfdvjdijdkib gj su igjfnfaãb, jn sjdtigf kfcðd js udb mrfcb, nfs keistjs sfd fojdsbs, nb vjrgbg js udb cjdtirb, nb eistfrib ud kujdtf bkfcfgbtikif, quj nb rujgb nb idvjdtbrfd jnnfs, jn rjspjtf js udb kfsb quj jxistãb jd nb bdtiaþjgbg, gfdgj nb `uvjdtug dbkj sbmijdgf tfgf y nfs vij`fs sûnf sfd udfs ejgifdgfs kfdsucigfrjs gj fxiajdf quj nfs fpricjd… ¶Rujgb knbrf gj

quijdjs ebmnbcfs6 Krébdcj, nb pricjrb vjz quj jskukeé b udb `fvjdkitb nb orbsj „Kujrpf ajstbdtj jd prfyjktf gj cbtjrdigbg–

qujgé sid pbnbmrbs, - ¡Nf quj df js sjdkinnf pbrb cã! -. Df supj si rjãr f nnfrbr, bnaf jd cis jdtrbòbs sj rjvfnviû y nbcjdtf gjkir quj jsj cbnjstbr sbniû gj ci mfkb kfd vjrtigb jd udb arfsjrb murnb< tbn y kfcf cj fkurriû kfd ftrb udivjrsitbrib gj 21 bòfs kubdgf jxprjsû udb efrrimnj krãtikb b su cbgrj pfr sjr kfdtrbrib bn bmfrtf. ¡Knbrf quj beã si rjbkkifdé kfd udb jdfrcj kbrkb`bgb bdtjs gj murnbrcj! Y bsã, bmsurgf trbs bmsurgf cj vi jdvujntb jd udb rjbnigbg Lbolibdb, gfdgj jn gjnidkujdtj js jdsbnzbgf y jn efdfr gjcfdizbgf, y nf quj sjdtã kfcf ud kbcmif rjpjdtidf jd rjbnigbg sj ouj gbdgf pfquitf b pfkf b trbvés gj nfs bòfs, kfd bvbdkjs tbd cidðskunfs quj di siquijrb nfs pjrkimicfs… 

 

 

 

Kbpãtunf 2 W]BWJCF[ GJ JDWJDGJ] KFCF [J GIF J[WF

Idikif kfd nb bgvjrtjdkib quj nfs bdtjkjgjdtjs quj b kfdtidubkiûd jxpfdaf sfd udb visiûd pjrsfdbn gj bnaudbs gj nbs tjfrãbs quj gijrfd nbs mbsjs pbrb quj jn efnf-  kbustf  zfcmij   jd quj vivicfs sj oujrb gbdgf. Df js ud trbtbgf pfnãtikf, di ud bdânisis jxebustivf gj nb mbsj igjfnûaikb gjn prfmnjcb. Js udb pbrtj y udb idtjrprjtbkiûd nimrj pbrb pfgjr jdtjdgjr nf quj fkurrj y nimrbrnfs b ustjgjs gj tjdjr quj njjr tfdjnbgbs y tfdjnbgbs gj mbsurb gjkbgjdtj idtjnjktubnfigj, gfdgj jd cinjs gj pbdonjtfs y jskritfs jd rjtûrikb pfcpfsb nfs butfrjs cujstrbd udf b udf sus kfcpnj`fs, sus trbucbs y su idoiditb mb`jzb cfrbn, jdtrjabgb cuy mijd gjkfrbgb y jdvujntb pbrb rjabnf (¡Ruj df gisicunbd su ejgfr… gj dbgb!). Nb pridkipbn oinfsfoãb gj mbsj b nb zfcmioikbkiûd   gj dujstrfs ei`fs, prfvijdj gj nb cjdtj gjn igjûnfaf Bdtfdif Abcski Cbrkibs (2592 ‛  29;?).  29;?). Df vbcfs b prfoudgizbr   21

 

jd sus igjbs, pjrf vbcfs b ebkjr ud rjsucjd ajdjrbn quj dfs byugj b kfcprjdgjr jn cjkbdiscf y fm`jtivf gj jstj W]JCJDGF jsoujrzf quj ebd gjgikbgf b jstj prfkjsf pbrb quitbrdfs b dujstrfs ei`fs. e i`fs. Kfcf js gj supfdjr, Arbcski kfdkimj quj jd tfgbs nbs sfkijgbgjs gj knbsjs eby rjnbkifdjs gj oujrzb quj sfd kbcmibdtjs, y kfcf tfgfs jd su épfkb sj kjdtrbd jd jn prfnjtbribgf kfcf su`jtf sfkibn kfnjktivf, jd jn quj sj bpudtb su oinfsfoãb y pfnãtikb. Én vj kfcf cjkbdiscf knbvj nb rjvfnukiûd pbrb trbdsofrcbr nbs idstitukifdjs y nbs rjnbkifdjs sfkibnjs. Nb rjvfnukiûd gjmj kbcmibr b nfs efcmrjs jd nfnb idtjnjktubn y cfrbn. Xbrb jnnf eby éstb quj kfdtrbrrjstbr kunturb ejajcûdikb, jdtjdgijdgf kfcf jn prjgfcidif gj ud arupf, knbsj sfkibn, jstbgf f idstitukiûd sfmrj ftrf gj su ciscf tipf. Arbcski usb jstj kfdkjptf pbrb jdtjdgjr kûcf nb knbsj gfcidbdtj j`jrkj su pfgjr sfmrj nb sfkijgbg, y js udb icpfsikiûd gj tipf kunturbn, yb quj nbs knbsjs gfcidbdtjs oujrzbd su igjb gj sfkijgbg sfmrj nbs knbsjs fpricigbs, sijdgf su visiûd gj cudgf nb quj prjgfcidb sfmrj nbs gjcâs. Xbrb jn Cbrxiscf nb pjrsfdb pjrtjdjkj b udb knbsj sfkibn quj df kbcmib, kfd ud tipf gj jgukbkiûd, quj vivj jd ud pjrifgf kfd kbrbktjrãstikbs kfcudjs y kfcpbrtjd   25

 

udb eistfrib. Nb knbsj gfcidbdtj fpricj gj ofrcb câxicb b trbvés gjn trbmb`f, y js beã gfdgj nfs idgivigufs sj udjd pbrb fmtjdjr mjdjoikifs y kfdsjauir jn pfgjr.  Bdtfdif Arbcski gjtjrcidb quj nb ejajcfdãb sj idstrucjdtb b trbvés gj trjs pinbrjs quj sfd Nb Jgukbkiûd, Nb Kfcudikbkiûd y Nb ]jniaiûd.  Bgjcâs gj nb sfkijgbg kivin, tfgb rjvfnukiûd djkjsitb kfdgikifdjs fm`jtivbs y sum`jtivbs pbrb pb rb cbtjribnizbrsj0 2. njcbs Kubdgfqujnfsnjsbbktfrjs ktfrjs sfkibnjsy rjkfdfkjd rsjjkfdfkjd prfmprfmsfd kfcudjs pfdjd gjnfsbkujrgf pbrb sfnukifdbrnfs, sj krjbd kfdgikifdjs sum`jtivbs pbrb udb rjvfnukiûd. =. Nbs kfdgikifdjs fm`jtivbs nbs prfvjjd nbs krisis qu quj, j, sjaðd jnnfs, jn kbpitbniscf ajdjrb< sijdgf jstbs0 nb cisjrib, nb gjsfkupbkiûd, nfs gjspnbzbgfs gjn sistjcb, jtk. ;. Arbcski bgjcâs prjkisb quj sj djkjsitb ud su`jtf rjvfnukifdbrif0   [Z@JWF KFNJKWI_F0 Gj knbsj trbmb`bgfrb,



quj pfsjj ftrb igjb quj prjtjdgj trbdsofrcbr b nb   29

 

sfkijgbg y bn idgiviguf, y quj kefkb kfd nb ejajcfdãb gfcidbdtj.   NB OINF[FOÃB GJ NB X]BUI[0 Df sj pujgj

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sjpbrbr bn su`jtf gjn fm`jtf, di jn sjr gjn pjdsbr y jn ebkjr. Nb prbxis js jn tjrritfrif gfdgj sj udj nb igjb y nb bkkiûd. Nb prbxis rjvfnukifdbrib prfpfdj udb igjb gj kfdtrbpfgjr quj rjquijrj gj udb oinfsfoãb kfdtrb ejajcûdikb quj idtjdtb gjrrftbr b nb ejajcfdãb gj nb knbsj gfcidbdtj.   NB ]J_FNZKIÛD0 Js nb oinfsfoãb gj nb prbxis

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gj câs bntb idstbdkib. Jn cbrxiscf js udb oinfsfoãb gj nb rjvfnukiûd quj bnbmb nb rjmjngãb, bn quj sj fpfdj y nukeb, y jstj pricjr rjvfnukifdbrif js su fm`jtf gj nukeb.

  JN [Z@JWF ]J_FNZKIFDB]IF0 Jn zfcmij  

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quj vivj y rjspirb nb rjvfnukiûd. [u vigb kfcpnjtb js ud bktf rjvfnukifdbrif. Ebkj gj su jxistjdkib udb jdkbrdbkiûd gj bktfs igjfnûaikfs. Cuy giojrjdtj bn zfcmij   dbrkisistb quj muskb sjr bkjptbgf y sjr kfdsigjrbgf ud sjr kfd kfdkijdkib sfkibn, quj sj vistj kfd nb kbpukeb gj cbrkbs kfstfsbs, kfd zbpbtinnbs gj ðnticb ajdjrbkiûd, jn   =8

 

pbòujnf foikibn, nb kbcisjtb gjn Kej kfcprbgb jd jn cbnn f jd Cibci. Jstj zfcmij  js  js pjrojktf pbrb sjr utinizbgf, js quijd gb j`jcpnfs pbrb gjcfstrbr quj df eby frabdizbkiûd di igjfnfaãb gjtrâs gj nf quj jn zfcmij  rjbn   rjbn ebkj. [fd cbtjribn pbrb sjr utinizbgfs kfcf jskugf bdtj nb butfrigbg y bdtj nfs cjgifs gj kfcudikbkiûd. Jdtrj jstfs jdkfdtrbcfs b psjugf idtjnjktubnjs, butfprfknbcbgfs pbrbafdjs gj nb virtug, nfs ei`fs gj…, nfs gujòfs gj nb vjrgbg, nfs vjabdfs (fmvibcjdtj tfgfs bnéraikfs bn anutjd y nb nbktfsb…) jd

sucb ajdtj quj bktðb kfcf pfnikãb cfrbn. J`. Jd nb rjg eumf ud ðdikf vigjf gfdgj b udb tfrtuab cbridb nj sbkbd udb pb`innb gj pnâstikf gj nb dbriz. Gjsgj jsj cfcjdtf jn zfcmij  rfcpiû  rfcpiû vjstigurbs y sj gif b nb tbrjb gj quj gikebs pb`innbs oujrbd prfeimigbs jd tfgf jn cudgf pfrquj cbtbmbd tfrtuabs. Dudkb bvjriaubrfd si jn vigjf jrb rjbn, nbs prfmbminigbgjs gj quj jstf fkurrijrb, f si nbs pb`innbs rjutinizbmnjs kfdtbcidbmbd câs quj nbs ftrbs. f trbs. Xjrf jn zfcmij   yb tijdj su oftf gj nb kbcpbòb, cinjs gj pudtfs virtubnjs kfcf diòf mujdf y ud nuabrkitf jd jn pbrbãsf gj nfs zfcmijs .

  =2

 

ZD XFKF CÂ[ GJ XBKIJDKIB.

Nbs igjbs gj Bdtfdif Arbcski sfd gjdfcidbgbs Cbrxiscf Kunturbn. Kfcf gi`icfs bdtjs, nb rjvfnukiûd sj rjbnizb mbsbgb jd trjs pinbrjs0 NB JGZKBKIFD, NF[ CJGIF[ GJ KFCZDIKBKIÛD y NB ]JNIAIÛD. Jstb pfsturb tfcb kfcf mrbzf brcbgf b nfs cjgifs gj kfcudikbkiûd y b nfs pjrifgistbs. Arbcski pbrtj gjn bdânisis gj Cbrx gj nb Idorbjstrukturb y nb [upjrjstrukturb. NB IDO]BJ[W]ZKWZ]B kfrrjspfdgj bn sistjcb jkfdûcikf y sfkibn quj gjtjrcidb kfd qué oujrzbs prfguktivbs kujdtb udb sfkijgbg0 Nnâcjsj jstbs cbtjribs pricbs, tijrrbs, oâmrikbs, trbmb`bgfrjs, kbpitbn, jtk. y kûcf nb ajdtj sj rjnbkifdb kfd jstbs oujrzbs prfguktivbs quj sfd nbs pjrsfdbs quj nbs pfsjjd, nbs pjrsfdbs quj sfd nb oujrzb gj trbmb`f, nb ofrcb quj sj frabdizb jn trbmb`f, f kuânjs sfd nbs knbsjs sfkibnjs quj gj jstf sj gjri vb< kfcf pfr j`jcpnf prfpijtbrifs, trbmb`bgfrjs, prfojsifdbnjs, jtk. Nfs gjcâs jnjcjdtfs quj kfcpfdjd udb sfkijgbg kfcf nb pfnãtikb, nbs kfstucmrjs, nb rjniaiûd, jtk. gj  ==

 

pjdgjrãbd sjaðd Cbrx gj nb Idorbjstrukturb jkfdûcikb y sfkibn y tijdjd nb icpfrtbdtj oudkiûd gj njaiticbr y `ustioikbr gikeb idorbjstrukturb.  B jstfs jnjcjdtfs pfnãtikfs j igjfnûaikfs kfcf nbs kfstucmrjs, nbs krjjdkibs, igjbs, jtk., sj njs gjdfcidb NB [ZXJ]J[W]ZKWZ]B. Nb igjfnfaãb icpjrbdtj jd udb sfkijgbg js, pfr supujstf, nb gj nb knbsj gfcidbdtj, nb quj df js icpujstb djkjsbribcjdtj pfr nb oujrzb, sidf quj, pfr kfdsjdsf sfkibn, nf quj sj nfarb pfr nb girjkkiûd girj kkiûd idtjnjktubn y cfrbn. Jstb igjfnfaãb icpjrbdtj nb nnbcû EJAJCFDÃB, kfcprjdgiédgfnb udb gfcidbdofrcb gj gfcidbkiûd< sijdgf jn cfgf jd qujkfcf nbs knbsjs tjs j`jrkãbd kfdtrfn sfkibn pfr cjgif gj nb jkfdfcãb y nb pfnãtikb, pbrb sfcjtjr b nbs knbsjs prfnjtbribs. Xbrb Arbcski nb jsjdkib gj nb gfcidbkiûd js kunturbn y sj jdkujdtrb bsjdtbgb jd nfs trjs pinbrjs bdtjs dfcmrbgfs, yb quj pbrb én, pfr jstfs cjgifs sj gjmj giriair b nb sfkijgbg gjsgj bdtjs gj kfdquistbr jn pfgjr, gj cfgf quj nb kfdsjkujdkib gj quj jn cbrxiscf bpbrjzkb sjb bnaf tftbncjdtj dbturbn pbrb quijdjs kfdofrcbd nb sfkijgbg, kfd nf quj jn bktf rjvfnukifdbrif gj nb tfcb jn pfgjr sj kfdsjauirãb gj udb ofrcb df trbucâtikb y sjrâ  vistf kfcf udb kfdsjkujdkib nûaikb gj nb vigb cfgjrdb.   =;

 

Xbrb kfdsjauir jstf, jn arbd jdjciaf js nb ianjsib kbtûnikb y nb obcinib, kfcf cjgifs gj trbdscisiûd gj nfs vbnfrjs, dfrcbs y kfdfkicijdtfs gj nfs ejkefs eistûrikfs ejajcûdikfs gj nb sfkijgbg gfcidbdtj, quj knbrbcjdtj sj kfdtrbpfdjd kfd nb quj nbs oujrzbs rjvfnukifdbribs idtjdtbd icpfdjr. Arbcski sj pjrkbtû gj quj nb knbsj fmrjrb df tijdj sijcprj udb kfdkijdkib gj knbsj „kfrrjktbcjdtj kf dstruigb–. Cukefs trbmb`bgfrjs kfcijdzbd b b spirbr b cj`frbr sus vigbs pfr cjgif gjn trbmb`f, jn jsoujrzf, jn befrrf, jtk. [id muskbr gjrrftbr b udb knbsjsidf gfcidbdtj, tbcpfkf kfcmbtjd nb kunturb ejajcûdikb, quj câs mijd nb rjboircbd. Xfr jstf sj vj jd nb djkjsigbg gj muskbr jdtrj nb knbsj idtjnjktubn b quijdjs giri`bd jn prfkjsf rjvfnukifdbrif y b nb kbmjzb gj jnnfs sj situbmbd NF[ XJ]IFGI[WB[. Js knbvj kfcprjdgjr quj nf jsjdkibn df js tbdtf nb rjbnigbg sfkibn, sidf quj nf quj gj jnnb sj XJ]KIMJ. Nb kfdkijdkib y nb rjbnigbg df jxistjd pfr sã ciscbs, sidf quj sûnf sjrãbd udb kfdstrukkiûd sfkibn. Arbcski df krjãb quj nb rjvfnukiûd oujsj idjvitbmnj, sidf quj krjãb jd kfdquistbr nbs cjdtjs gj nb pfmnbkiûd pbrb nbs pjrkjpkifdjs oujsjd nbs bgjkubgbs pbrb quj nb dujvb   =7

 

ejajcfdãb icpujstb pfr nb rjvfnukiûd pjrcbdjzkb jd jn tijcpf. Xbrb jstf, su igjb js idtrfgukir jd tfgb nb sfkijgbg igjbs cbrxistbs sid nnbcbrnbs bsã usbdgf b prfojsfrjs y pjrifgistbs, b vjkjs sid quj di siquijrb jstfs sj gjd kujdtb, usbdgf pbrb rjofrzbrnbs, kfdquistbr b nfs brtistbs j idtjnjktubnjs. Jd kfdsjkujdkib, kfd nf bdtjrifr sj idointrb jd tfgf cjgif gj rjkrjbkiûd y kunturb. Cijdtrbs jn zfcmij  dbrkisf  dbrkisf sj givijrtj kfd nfs oujafs brtioikibnjs, jn zfcmij  rjbn  rjbn kritikb jn gjspinobrrf gj gidjrf jd nukjkitbs, kfd nf quj jstj gjtjrcidb qué tj gjmj bnjarbr y qué tj gjmj bvjrafdzbr, tfcbdgf kfdtrfn tftbn sfmrj tus bkkifdjs y jcfkifdjs. Jd nb pfnãtikb tbcmiéd fkurrj udb cbdipunbkiûd sicinbr gjn ebkjr, cijdtrbs nb izquijrgb muskb gfcidbr jd nbs ârjbs gj jgukbkiûd y kunturb, nb gjrjkeb sj kfdvjdkj quj jstbs ârjbs df tijdjd icpfrtbdkib di njs idtjrjsb, kjgiédgfnbs arbtuitbcjdtj. Xjrf jn zfcmij   df js tfdtf, sbmj quj jnnfs pfsjjd cbyfr ebminigbg pbrb ajdjrbrnj rjkursfs, pfr nf quj muskb icpfdjr nb igjb quj nb gjrjkeb sj ebab kbraf gj ârjbs kfcf jkfdfcãb y gj bgcidistrbkiûd… igjb quj nb gjrjkeb eizf tbd suyb k fcf si sj njs eumijrb fkurrigf b jnnfs. Nb igjfnfaãb gjmj idointrbrsj jd tfgf, jd nb cðsikb, jd nbs pjnãkunbs, jd nb bnicjdtbkiûd,   =:

 

jtk., idtjdtbdgf kfdsjauir quj jn gfcidif psikfnûaikf sjb câs icpfrtbdtj quj nb rjbnigbg sfkibn.  Bdtfdif Arbcski jxprjsbmb quj nbs rjvfnukifdjs vifnjdtbs df sj cbdtjdãbd, di tbcpfkf nf nfarbgf jd nbs urdbs, pfr cjgif gj nb kunturb sj gjmãb nfarbr quj nb ajdtj sjb cbrxistb bdtjs gj sbmjr quj js cbrxistb, kbcmibdgf jn jsqujcb cjdtbn, bn icpfdjr tércidfs kfcf sfkijgbg kivin y kfnjktivf, usbdgf nfs kfnjktivfs kfcf vjrgbgjrbs jskujnbs pfnãtikbs.  Bktubncjdtj, nb anfmbnizbkiûd rfcpj orfdtjrbs kfd nf quj sj obkinitb nb jxistjdkib gjn ANFMBNI[CF, quj kfdgukj b nb idstburbkiûd gj ud XJD[BCIJDWF ÐDIKF, sfstjdigb kfd nb nnbcbgb pfnikãb gjn pjdsbcijdtf, kfdstituigb pfr nfs zfcmijs 0 F sjb tfgbs nbs pjrsfdbs quj kfcmbtjd jn pjdsbcijdtf gisigjdtj gj nb eistfrib ðdikb, udb jspjkij gj vjrsiûd foikibn icpujstb gjsgj nb bkbgjcib, pbrb prfarjsbr b udb rjniaiûd ðdikb (f`f kfd jn Krisnbc gj Mjrafanif), udb jkfdfcãb ðdikb (F`f kfd nbs frabdizbkifdjs gjpjdgijdtjs gj nb FDZ), pbrb nnjabr bn afmijrdf ðdikf f sjb udb GIKWBGZ]B ANFMBN (Dujvf Frgjd Cudgibn, jn [fkibniscf  Wjkdfnûaikf).  Bofrtudbgbcjdtj nb anfmbnizbkiûd df sûnf trbj bspjktfs djabtivfs, yb quj tbcmiéd dfs trbj udb bpjrturb b cðnti  =?

 

pnjs vjrsifdjs gj ajdtj kfcðd pfr cjgif gj ]][[,  WQIWWJ], YFZ WZMJ, QEBW[[BXX, WILWFL, jtk. quj sj ebd kfdstituigf jd vjrgbgjrbs kuòbs pbrb qujmrbr jstj pjdsbcijdtf quj sj eb igf kfdvirtijdgf jd nb dujvb ejajcfdãb.

XBKIJDKIB, KFD J[WF WJ]CIDBCF[0 KZBGJ]DF[ GJ NB KB]KJN

Jdtrj 29=? y 29;7, Bdtfdif Arbcski ouj jdkbrkjnbgf. Gurbdtj jstj tijcpf jskrimiû sus pjdsbcijdtfs jd ;8 kubgjrdfs, nfs quj oujrfd udioikbgfs pfr tjcbs y pumnikbgfs jd ? vfnðcjdjs. Jn câs inustrbtivf pbrb kfcprjdgjr nb zfcmioikbkiûd  js  js jn nnbcbgf Kubgjrdf gj Kunturb y Jgukbkiûd. Bquã sj kfcprjdgj nb Kunturb kfcf nb  visiûd gj cudgf, nb ofrcb gj kfdkjmir nbs rjnbkifdjs kfd nfs ftrfs sjrjs eucbdfs, sijdgf nb jgukbkiûd nb ofrcb gj jxprjsbr nb kunturb. Zdb igjb oujrzb kjdtrbn js quj nb jgukbkiûd js jn mrbzf brcbgf gj nb kunturb, quj df sj cbdioijstb jd jn gibrif vivir, sidf quj js sistjcbtizbgb b trbvés gj nb jskfnbrizbkiûd. Jd jstfs kubgjrdfs sj jxpfdjd bnaudfs pudtfs icpfrtbdtjs, nfs quj jd rjsucjd sjrãbd0   =1

 

2. _idkunbkiûd gj nb kunturb, nb pjgbafaãb y nb pfnãtikb. =. ]jkfdfkj ebmjr sigf idonuigf pfr nbs igjbs gj Njdid jd su kfdkjptf gj ejajcfdãb y pfr Cbrx jd nfs kfdkjptfs gj [upjrjstrukturb j Idorbjstrukturb. ;. Muskb prfoudgizbr kfdfkicijdtf gj nfs cjkbdiscfs gj kfdtrfn gj nbs knbsjs gfcidbdtjs sfmrj nbs gfcidbgbs sid usbr nb oujrzb y jn pbpjn gj nb pfnãtikb jd jsf. 7. ]jofrcunb jn kfdkjptf gj igjfnfaãb, trbdsofrcâdgfnb pbrb sjr usbgb gjsgj ud pudtf gj vistb pjgbaûaikf pbrb nb krjbkiûd gj nb Jskujnb Zditbrib f Jskujnb Krjbtivb, gfdgj nb igjfnfaãb sj kfdvijrtj jd udb oujrzb pfsitivb jd nb eistfrib y df sûnf kfcf oujrzb gj gfcidbkiûd. :. [j kjdtrb jd jstugibr b prfoudgigbg nbs rjnbkifdjs gj pfgjr gj udb knbsj, pbrb muskbr pjdjtrbrnb vijdgf kûcf oudkifdbd nfs djxfs jdtrj nfs idgivigufs y nbs knbsjs sfkibnjs kfd jn jstbgf ?. Muskb oudgbcjdtbr nb pfnãtikb jd nb étikb y nb kunturb, pbrb bsã rjkupjrbr nbs oudkifdjs sfkibnjs y kunturbnjs   =5

 

gj nbs bajdkibs jgukbtivbs, gj cfgf gj nfarbr butfgiskipnidb idtjnjktubn y butfdfcãb cfrbn. 1. [j prfpfdj jnbmfrbr ud pjdsbcijdtf krãtikf jd udb  visiûd sfkibnistb bmijrtb y pnurbn, quj nf nnjvb b bcpnibr jn kfdkjptf gj supjrjstrukturb y muskbr beã, trbmb`brnb kfcf nb mbsj, muskb udb visiûd cbtjribn gj nb igjfnfaãb, câs bnnâ gj nbs igjbs sid udb mbsj eistûrikb, kfd nf quj kfdsigjrb oudgbcjdtbn krjbr nb eistfrib gjsgj nfs ejkefs, jd ud rjnbtf foikibn quj sirvb pbrb boibdzbr nb igjfnfaãb (f sjb idvjdtbrnb, jn rjsjtjf). 5. [j idtjrjsb jd nf rjnbkifdbgf kfd djafkibkifdjs, jdorjdtbcijdtfs y bnibdzbs gjdtrf gj nb nukeb gj knbsjs kfd nf quj ajdjrb udb oinfsfoãb gj nb prbxis. 9. ]jdujvb jn cbrxiscf gj nb épfkb0 •  rjnbkifdbgf Bcpnãb jn kfdkjptf kfdkjptf kunturb.brtjs, Yb dfkfdsigjrâdgfnb sj rjoijrj b nf kfd nbsgjmjnnbs

kfcf ud bspjktf supjroikibn gj nb ciscb. Xbrb jn Cbrxiscf kunturbn, nb kunturb sfd tfgbs nbs prfgukkifdjs eucbdbs. Jstb qujgbrãb gjtjrcidbgb b trbvés gj nbs rjnbkifdjs gibnéktikbs gj sus jnjcjdtfs, sijdgf gj jnnbs nb câs icpfrtbdtj nb quj  vidkunb nb tjfrãb kfd nb prâktikb. Nb kfdkjpkiûd gj   =9

 

kunturb jd Arbcski tijdgj b kbptbr nb rjbnigbg jd su tftbn gicjdsiûd, bcpnãb ebstb nf udivjrsbn jn âcmitf gj nb kunturb, niaâdgfnb bn ciscf tijcpf kfd nb eistfrib y nb prâktikb. Kfdkjptf gj kunturb kfcf ud bktf pfnãtikf0 Kunturb rjbn. •  Muskb krjbr jn su`jtf quj su prfyjktf djkjsitb, b

trbvés gj nb jskujnb y nb jgukbkiûd ajdjrbn0 Zdb JGZKBKIÛD ZDIWB]IB. Ðdikb, eucbdistb j iaubn pbrb tfgfs. [id jspjkibnizbkiûd, yjdgf gjspués b jstb jspjkibnizbkiûd sjaðd nbs djkjsigbgjs gj nb kfcudigbg, pbrb jstf jnicidb nbs jskujnbs jnitistbs y kbtûnikbs. Kbgb diòf tijdj gjrjkef gj jstugibr gfdgj quijrb sid tjdjr quj sjr sjnjkkifdbgf (¶tûcmfnb6). •  Jd udb sfkijgbg `ustb sfkibnistb, sj icbaidb jn

sistjcb jgukbtivf uditbrif pbrb usbr jn kfdfkicijdkfdfkicij dtf idtjnjktubn tékdikf. Gj jstb djkjsitb ofrcb sjybkjrkb bn jgukbdgf b nfy quj nb sfkijgbg df b nf quj nb pjrsfdb gjsjb f bspirb. Jn trbmb`f df js oujdtj gj sbtisobkkiûd, sidf quj rjspfdgj b nbs djkjsigbgjs gjn jstbgf. [j mbsb jd jn eucbdiscf yb quj sj obvfrjkj jn rjnbtf kfd idgjpjdgjdkib gj nfs gbtfs, quj giskipnidbs kijdtãoikbs df pjrcitjd, djabdgf jn pjdsbcijdtf kijdtãoikf, jn cétfgf   ;8

 

kijdtãoikf y nb jxpjricjdtbkiûd. Df js bkkigjdtj quj jd pnjdf sianf UUI ebyb ud suraicijdtf tjrrbpnbdistb… [ã, eby cukefs quj pfstunbd quj nb

tijrrb js pnbdb. •  Nb jgukbkiûd gjmj sjr „krjbtivb–, gjmj ajdjrbr jn

pjdsbcijdtf kfnjktivf jd rjkfdfkicijdtf eucbdistb y sjaðd nbs djkjsigbgjs gjn trbmb`f. Bgjcâs, gjmj sjr gjcfkrâtikb, df gjstidbgb b ofrcbr jnitjs, sidf quj tfgf jn cudgf pujgb bkkjgjr b sjr jgukbgf. Nb jskujnb uditbrib js dujvb gjsgj bmb`f, jdsjòb b tfgfs nfs kiugbgbdfs y jsticunb nbs giskusifdjs y gjmbtjs (fmvibcjdtj gjsgj udb sfnb cirbgb, nb cbrxistb), quj sj gbd gjdtrf gj nbs frabdizbkifdjs pfnãtikbs y sfkibnjs. Nfs kijdtãoikfs df sfd nbs butfrigbgjs kbnioikbgbs, eby sûnf udb  vjrsiûd foikibn, bnaf bsã kfcf jn „cidistjrif gj nb  vjrgbg– Frwjnnibdf. •  Jdsjòb b nbs knbsjs fpricigbs b tjdjr kfdkijdkib gj

sjr jxpnftbgbs, yb quj nb jgukbkiûd ejajcûdikb sûnf muskb btimfrrbr b nb ajdtj gj dfkifdjs gj nb kunturb gj nbs cbsbs, nf quj nj icpigj vjr su arbgf gj jxpnftbkiûd0 Nb jskujnb muraujsb jdsjòb pbrb ofrcbr cbsbs idkfdskijdtjs gj sus djkjsigbgjs sfkibnjs (¶Df tj gif pjditb6).   ;2

 

•  ]jdujvb nb rjnbkiûd jdtrj jgukbgfr y jgukbdgf, y

nb rjnbkiûd jdtrj jskujnb, sfkijgbg j idstrukkiûd gjn trbmb`f. Jd sucb, js ud jsknbvf quj df nf sbmj, kuyf bcf df nj gb dbgb, pjrf nf tijdj kfdvjdkigf quj vivj jd jn pbrbãsf… ¡Nidgf!

jgukbkiûd krjbtivb gjknbrb quj muskb jgukbr pb•  Nb jgukbkiûd rb jn j`jrkikif gjn pfgjr y kfdtrfnbr bn quj giriaj. Jstj js jn kfcpfdjdtj quj nf cbdtijdj0 NB J[XJ]BDPB. •  Xrjtjdgj vbnfrbr nb jgukbkiûd trbgikifdbn nbtidb

knâsikb, pbrb ofrcbr cjdtjs j idkunkbr eâmitfs gj pjdsbcijdtf y krãtikb… knbrf quj df kubnquijr

pjdsbcijdtf di kubnquijrb krãtikb. •  Xijdsb quj nb jskujnb jskujnb gjmj kfdtri kfdtrimuir muir b gjsbrrfnnbr

nb ajstbkiûd gj udb rjspfdsbminigbg butûdfcb gjn idgiviguf. •  Nfs bpbrbtfs igjfnûaikfs kfcf nb jgukbkiûd,

rjniaiûd, kfcudikbkiûd, obcinib, jtk. [j gjmjd jdofkbr gj ofrcb anfmbn pbrb sjr idstrucjdtfs câs quj bpbrbtfs, kfdsigjrb quj nb jgukbkiûd js câs anfmbn y tjrcidb ofrcbdgf nb igjfnfaãb.   ;=

 

•  Kfdsigjrb b nb obcinib kfcf udf gj nfs cjkbdiscjkbdis-

cfs gj sfkibnizbkiûd, bn iaubn quj ud pjriûgikf, cjgif gj kfcudikbkiûd, jtk. •  Nb giriajdkib gj fmrjrfs, fmrjrfs, nfs sidgikbtfs sidgikbtfs jtk. df eebd bd

nfarbgf quj nb cbsb ajdjrj kunturb prfpib y js pfr jsf quj jn cfvicijdtf eb sigf gjrrftbgf kfdtidubcjdtj.

•  Njdid ebmnb gj quj nb ejajcfdãb gj fmrjrfs y

kbcpjsidfs pjrcitj su bnibdzb, Arbcski nj barjab b nb girjkkiûd pfnãtikb, jn sjdtigf kunturbn f girjkkiûd kunturbn. •  Nb ejajcfdãb ejajcfdãb kunturbn kunturbn `ustioikb jn stbtu quf sfkibn

pfnãtikf y jkfdûcikf kfcf bnaf dbturbn j idjvitbmnj, bnaf pjrpjtuf y mjdjoikifsf pbrb tfgf jn cudgf, jd vjz gj prjsjdtbrnf kfcf ud kfdstruktf sfkibn brtioikibn quj jd mjdjoikib sfnf b nb pfr knbsjnfgfcidbdtj kfcf fkurrj jn kbpitbniscf, quj eby quj kfdstruir udb ejajcfdãb igjfnûaikb y kunturbn. kun turbn. •  Zdj jn kkfdkjptf fdkjptf gj mn mnfquj fquj eeistûrikf, istûrikf, nb ejajcfdãb

sj j`jrkj udioikbdgf ud mnfquj sfkibn quj suraj gj udb bnibdzb pfnãtikb gj ud kfdanfcjrbgf gj knbsjs sfkibnjs. Jsb bnibdzb df js efcfaédjb y gjmj tjdjr   ;;

 

udb kunturb y ud sistjcb gj igjfnfaãb quj jvitj quj sj jdorjdtj kfd ftrf quj kefquj y sj gjstruyb, pfr nf quj eby quj krjbr ud mnfquj eistûrikf bntjrdbti vf y sj gb jd nb supjrjstrukturb y df sfmrj nb mbsj quj yb jstâ ointrbgb pfr nb muraujsãb. [j gjmj gbr jd nf pfnãtikf kunturbn igjbn y rjbn jcmistijdgf bn mnfquj eistûrikf jd su tftbnigbg. •  Js icpfrtbdtj krjbr ud „dujvf sjdtigf kfcðd– b

trbvés gj nb rjonjxiûd krãtikb pbrb jvitbr quj jn mnfquj eistûrikf jdtrj jd krisis. •  Jn mnfquj eistûrikf sj cidb kfd nbs jvigjdkibs,

pjrf sj pujgj kuigbr ofrcbdgf idtjnjktubnjs fraâdikfs rjonjxivfs y krãtikfs. Kubnquijrb pujgj sjr ud idtjnjktubn fraâdikf, sûnf sj gjmj pfgjr ajdjrbr sum`jtivigbg kfnjktivb jd jn sjdtigf gj nfs tércidfs, quj gj ofrcb bn jdtjdgicijdtf gj nb eistfrib rjbn (f sjb, jn kujdtf)

Giskunpjd… yb sj bkbmû 

  ;7

 

Kbpãtunf = X]FKJ[F GJ GJ[PFCMIOIKBKIÛD    JDWJDGIJDGF NB CJDWJ GJN PFCMIJ  

Dfs jdorjdtbcfs b udb tbrjb kfnfsbn, nb gj gjsprfarbcbr b `ûvjdjs kfd bòfs gj trbmb`f gibrif gjtbnnbgf y bpfybgf pfr cjgifs cðntipnjs, quj dfsftrfs ciscfs ejcfs prfpfrkifdbgf. Gjmjcfs sjr kfdskijdtjs gj nb ofrcb jd quj dujstrfs ei`fs, y ebstb dfsftrfs ciscfs, ejcfs sigf prfarbcbgfs. Xbrb kfcprjdgjrnf vbcfs b jkebr cbdf gj nb kfdsbmigb eistfrib gj nbeirvijdgf, rbdb ejrvigb. [i sbntb sj pfdj rbdb jd udbsi fnnb gj baub nb rbdb pbrbudb jskbpbr. Xjrf nb fnnb jstâ nnjdb gj baub orãb, pjrf pujstb bn oujaf, nb rbdb pfkf b pfkf vb b`ustbdgf su tjcpjrbturb kfrpfrbn b nb gjn baub, cbdtjdiédgfsj jd udb kijrtb kfcfgigbg quj nj icpigj gbrsj kujdtb gj quj jn baub jstâ kbnjdtâdgfsj y si df sbntb, bkbmbrâ cujrtb. Kubdgf jn baub jstâ b pudtf gj ejrvir, nb rbdb yb df pujgj bucjdtbr câs su   ;:

 

tjcpjrbturb, pfr nf quj bn sjdtir sjdt ir pfr pricjrb vjz jn kbnfr j idtjdtb sbnir, yb df nj js pfsimnj, gjmigf quj eb usbgf tfgb su jdjraãb jd jn cjkbdiscf quj nj pjrcitãb ir bgbptâdgfsj b nb tjcpjrbturb gjn baub. Jstb eistfrib ouj pujstb b prujmb jd ud cjgif kfdtrfnbgf, kfd nf quj sj nnjaû b gjcfstrbr quj si jn baub sj kbnijdtb b 2,= arbgfs kbgb efrb nb rbdb vb b pjrcbdjkjr gjdtrf gjn baub ebstb nb cujrtj, nf quj dfs arboikb quj nfs sjrjs eucbdfs dfs pfgjcfs bgbptbr b nf gbòidf câs bnnâ gj nf quj nb butf prjsjrvbkiûd nf bkfdsj`b. Bktubcfs kfcf nf ebkj nb rbdb ejrvigb, kubdgf dfs bgbptbcfs kfdskijdtj f idkfdskijdtjcjdtj y gj ofrcb arbgubn b situbkifdjs pjr`ugikibnjs y quj gj bnaudb cbdjrb nbkjrbd dujstrf mijdjstbr cjdtbn, jcfkifdbn f oãsikf. [j prjsjdtbd gj ofrcbs idfkjdtjs, kfd jn njdaub`j, icâajdjs, pjqujòbs igjbs, ofrcbs gj rjnbkifdbrdfs, pfr cjgif gj nb cfgb, dujvbs kfstucmrjs, tfgbs bjnnbs dfs icpjnjd b bucjdtbr dujstrb visiûd gjjtk. cudgf, rj visbr dujstrbs krjjdkibs, b cfgjrdizbr dujstrb visiûd gj nbs kfsbs. Cukebs gj jnnbs sj icpfdjd bpfybgbs pfr bpbrbtfsfs jstugifs kijdtãoikfs, prfpujstbs pfr pjrsfdbs gjstbkbgbs gj mijd f kfd jn oid gj gisciduir jn suoricijdtf gj arupfs, f`bnâ cidfritbrifs, gj pjrsfdbs.   ;?

 

Kbgb kijrtf tijcpf sj vbd idtrfgukijdgf kijrtbs pbnbmrbs, y gjpjdgijdgf gj nb ofrcb quj pjdjtrbd jd nb sfkijgbg y si su usf sj cbsioikb, vbd prfmbdgf jn éxitf gj jstb pjdjtrbkiûd, vbd jdkfdtrbdgf oisurbs jd nb kunturb icpjrbdtj, pfr nbs kubnjs sj idtrfgukjd, bvbdzbdgf sid kj`br `bcâs. Kfcf ud j`jcpnf sicpnj, ¶]jkujrgbd ebkj udfs bòfs quj nfs nãgjrjs gj nb rjvfnukiûd pidaþidb bkusbrfd quj „tfgfs nfs cbnjs gj nb eucbdigbg sj gjmãbd bn nukrf–6

 Wfgfs sbtbdizbrfd gj idcjgibtf bn nukrf, sid bvizfrbr siquijrb jn ejkef gj quj gikef tércidf jstbmb sijdgf cbn utinizbgf bn kfdoudgirnf kfd jn tércidf „usurb–.

 Y tfgb nb sfkijgbg kbyû.

¶XJ]F, KÛCF NB[ XJ][FDB[ XFGJCF[ KFCXF]WB]DF[ KFCXF]WB]DF [ IAZBN RZJ ZDB ]BDB6 NB _JDWBDB F_J]WFD

Xjdsbr quj nfs sjrjs eucbdfs, nb kðspigj gj nb jvfnukiûd pujgj tjrcidbr kfcpfrtâdgfsj kfcf ud vin mbtrbkif js kbsi udb borjdtb, bnaf quj pbrb dfsftrfs pujgj gistbr gj nb rjbnigbg, pjrf quj nbcjdtbmnjcjdtj oudkifdb iaubn, y js nb ofrcb rjtfrkigb jd quj tjrcidbcfs   ;1

 

bkjptbdgf gj mujdb abdb igjbs y kfdkjptfs quj dbturbncjdtj gjsprjkibcfs y bmfrrjkjcfs. Nb vjdtbdb gj Fvjrtfd js udb tjfrãb pfnãtikb quj pnbdtjb jn tércidf „vjdtbdb– kfcf jn rbdaf gj igjbs quj nb c bsb pujgj jdkfdtrbr bkjptbmnj. Gj jstj cfgf sj gjtjrcidb si js obktimnj quj udb igjb pjdjtrj jd nb sfkijgbg.  Bsã, sj pujgjd jstbmnjkjr arbdgjs kfdkjptfs pfnãtikfs bn idknuir pbrb kbgb épfkb, ud rbdaf gj prfkjgicijdtfs bkjptbmnjs gj bkujrgf bn jstbgf gj nb fpidiûd pðmnikb< nbs quj ud pfnãtikf pujgj rjkfcjdgbr sid sjr kfdsigjrbgf gjcbsibgf jxtrjcistb y df pjr`ugiquj su outurf.  Bsã, pfkf b pfkf igjbs quj df ebkj cukefs bòfs jrbd icpjdsbmnjs oujrfd sijdgf idtrfgukigbs, kfcf nb njy gj givfrkif, njabnizbkiûd gjn bmfrtf, gj nb cbrieubdb, nb jxistjdkib gj vijdtrjs gj bnquinjr, bmfnikiûd gj nb pjdb gj cujrtj, njabnizbkiûd gj nb prfstitukiûd, gj nb pjgfoinib, jtk. Jstbs igjbs sj vbd jstbmnjkijdgf gj cbdjrb arbgubn b trbvés gj jtbpbs0 2ª jtbpb, Gj nf icpjdsbmnj b nf rbgikbn 0 Nf icpjdsbmnj sujnj sjr ud tjcb tbmð, kuyb giskusiûd jstâ oujrb gj tfgb kfdsigjrbkiûd pbrb dujstrb sfkijgbg. Bnaudfs gj jstfs tjcbs pfgrãbd sjr jn kbdimbniscf, jn idkjstf, nb pj  ;5

 

gfoinib (ebkj udfs bòfs), jtk. Xbrb kbcmibr bnaudbs gj jstbs igjbs, sj sujnjd bmfrgbr gj cbdjrb kijdtãoikb nimrjs gj prj`uikifs, tfcâdgfnbs sûnf kfcf fm`jtfs gj jstugif. jst ugif. Jstf ebkj quj jn tjcb sj pujgb giskutir gj ofrcb bkbgécikb kfd nb butfrigbg quj b kubnquijr kijdtãoikf nj kfdoijrj nb kijdkib, kfd nf quj nbs pjrsfdbs sj bmrjd idknusf b jskukebr gjn tjcb. Bn ciscf tijcpf, sj gjmj sbkbr b nb nuz bnaðd arupf quj gjoijdgb b nfs pfmrjkitfs kbdãmbnjs, pbgrjs bcfrfsfs, bguntfs kbriòfsfs, jtk. Kfcf cidfrãbs vãkticbs gj nb iadfrbdkib gj nfs gfacbtiscfs gjn pbsbgf… kfd nf quj jn tbmð kfcijdzb b sjr

giskutigf y su kfdkjptf kfcijdzb b kbcmibr. =ª jtbpb, Gj nf rbgikbn b nf bkjptbmnj 0 Jd jstb jtbpb, sj siauj usbdgf b nb kijdkib gj cfgf krjkijdtj pbrb idstburbr jn giskursf gj cbdjrb quj df pbrjzkb sjr udb fpidiûd f austf pjrsfdbn, pugijdgf jsaricir jn brcb gj nb bkusbkiûd gj kidiscf, idtfnjrbdkib, iadfrbdkib f gj kfdtucbkib jn df jstbr bmijrtf b gibnfabr sfmrj jn tjcb. [jauigf b nb kfdgjdb, vijdj nb krjbkiûd gj ud tércidf quj gisfkij jn ojdûcjdf gj su siadioikbgf, rjjcpnbzbdgf jn tércidf kfcðd kfd ftrf gj bpbrijdkib câs kijdtãoikb, quj pijrgj nb kbrab jcfkifdbn gjn tércidf friaidbn. Xbrbnjnbcjdtj, sj krjb ud prjkjgjdtj gj rjojrjdkib yb sjb gj tipf eistûrikf, citfnûaikf, kfdtjcpf  ;9

 

râdjf f sicpnjcjdtj dbkigf gj nb icbaidbkiûd, pjrf tijdj quj sjr njaiticbgf pfr jn pjsf gj nb kijdkib f gj nf idstitukifdbn, pbrb quj pujgb sjr utinizbgf kfcf prujmb quj jn ejkef jxistiû jd pridkipif, budquj oujrb jd bnaf cidðskunf f udb jxkjpkiûd, pfr nf quj pujgj sjr njabnizbgf. J`jcpnf, jn kbdimbniscf pujgj sjr bdbnizbgf kfcf k fcf udb „bdtrfpfoinib–, y usbr ejkefs rjcftfs y jvjdtubnjs kfcf jn bkkigjdtj gj nfs uruaubyfs jd Nfs Bdgjs kfcf udb ofrcb bkjptbmnj pbrb nb sfkijgbg, yb quj dbgij kfdgjdbrãb b jstfs sfmrjvivijdtjs pfr ebmjr ejkef nf pfsimnj pfr sfmrjvivir. ;ª jtbpb, Gj nf bkjptbmnj b nf sjdsbtf 0 Jd jstb jtbpb nf icpfrtbdtj js prfcfvjr kijrtbs igjbs quj bpfyjd jn kfdkjptf dujvf, yb sjb pfr `ustioikbkifdjs kijdtãoikbs f câs kfrrijdtjcjdtj, pfr jxkjpkifdjs rjcftbs, budquj pfsimnjs. Js bsã, kfcf jd jn kbsf gjn bmfrtf, sj gjseucbdizb jn diòf pfr dbkjr y sj nf trbdsofrcb jd ud arupf

gj kénunbs, frabdiscf pbsb b sjrb pbrtj gjn kujrpf gj ud nb cu`jr y df pbrâsitf, kfcf udfsjr b`jdf jnnb. Nfs kfdtrbrifs b jstfs kbcmifs gj kfdkjptfs quj df quijrj sjr idgiojrjdtjs b jstfs tjcbs, sj kfdvijrtjd pbrb nb cbsb jd jdjciafs, sijdgf kfdvjrtigfs jd vjrgbgjrfs psikûpbtbs f jdojrcfs, b nfs quj sj njs kujnabd tércidfs „cuntiobkétikfs– kfcf dbzis, obkefs, ajdfkigbs y ftrfs

quj sfd usbgfs pbrb jnicidbr nfs braucjdtfs gjn ftrf   78

 

bdunâdgfnfs kfcf pjrsfdb. Jd jstb jtbpb nb kijdkib y nfs cjgifs gj kfcudikbkiûd gbd b kfdfkjr quj gurbdtj nb eistfrib gj nb eucbdigbg eumf fkbsifdjs jd quj jn ejkef jd kujstiûd jrb dfrcbn, kfd nf quj sj kujstifdb nb igjb gj quj jn tbmð js udivjrsbn j idkujstifdbmnj. 7ª jtbpb, Gj nf sjdsbtf b nf pfpunbr0 Jd jstfs cfcjdtfs, nfs cjgifs gj kfcudikbkiûd, bnaudfs rfstrfs pfpunbrjs y krjãmnjs y bnaudfs pfnãtikfs supujstbcjdtj kfcprfcjtigfs kfd jn prfarjsf, kfcijdzbd b ebmnbr bmijrtbcjdtj y kfd dbturbnigbg sfmrj jn tjcb kfd su

dujvf tércidf y nfs cjgifs nfs bnijdtbd pfr su „vbnjdtãb, idtjarigbg–, jtk. Bgjcâs jcpijzbd b bpbrjkjr jd pjnãkunbs, njtrbs gj kbdkifdjs obcfsbs, vãgjfs f idudgbdgf nbs rjgjs sfkibnjs jd tfgb knbsj gj ofrcbtfs. Jd jstb jtbpb, sj prfcfkifdb nb igjb gj quj kijrtfs pjrsfdb`js eistûrikfs gjstbkbgfs rjbnizbmbd nb bkkiûd quj bdtjs jrb tbmð f cfstrbdgf kirkudstbdkibs jxtrjcbs gfdgj sjrjs eucbdfs kfcudjs f gjstbkbgfs sj vijrfd fmniabgfs b bktubr gj ofrcb prfeimigb pfr jn tbmð gj nb épfkb. :ª jtbpb, Gj nf pfpunbr b nf pfnãtikf0 Jstj cfcjdtf supfdj nfs idikifs gj ud kbcmif f jstbmnjkicijdtf gj udb dujvb njaisnbkiûd pbrb njabnizbr jn dujvf ojdûcjdf. Nfs arupfs gj prjsiûd sj kfdsfnigbd pfr cjgif gj cðntipnjs y jspjktbkunbrjs jdkujstbs quj supujstbcjdtj   72

 

kfdoircbd ud bntf pfrkjdtb`j gj pbrtigbrifs gj nb njabnizbkiûd gjn tbmð jd kujstiûd. Jstb js udb tékdikb tãpikb gj nfs nimjrbnjs quj oudkifdb gjmigf b nb tfnjrbdkib kfcf prjtjxtf pbrb nb prfskripkiûd gj nfs tbmðjs. Gurbdtj jstb ðnticb jtbpb nb sfkijgbg yb eb suorigf udb rupturb, pujs nbs dfrcbs gj nb jxistjdkib eucbdb sj ebd bntjrbgf f ebd sigf gjstruigbs kfd nb bgfpkiûd gj nbs dujvbs njyjs.

¶RZÉ EBKJ B NB[ XJ][FDB[ WBD GÉMINJ[  BDWJ NB[ IDONZJDKIB[ IDONZJDKIB[ JUWJ]DB[6 JUWJ]DB[6 NFKZ[ GJ KFDW]FN GJN PFCMIJ .

Jn nfkus gj kfdtrfn js udb vbribmnj gj nb pjrsfdbnigbg, js ud kfdkjptf gj nb tjfrãb gj Bprjdgizb`j [fkibn gj ]fttjr, quj ebkj rjojrjdkib bn arbgf jd jn kubn nbs pjrsfdjs sijdtjd quj tijdjd f df jn kfdtrfn sfmrj nfs bkfdtjkicijdtfs quj idonuyjd sus vigbs. Jxistjd gfsgjjxtrjcfs gjn kfdtiduf0 nfkus gjjdkfdtrfn idtjrdf y nfkus kfdtrfn jxtjrdf. Jn nfkus gj kfdtrfn idtjrdf fkurrj jd kbsf gj quj ud idgiviguf pjrkimb quj nbs kirkudstbdkibs quj jdorjdtb f nfs rjsuntbgfs quj kfdsiauj sfd kfdtidajdtjs kfd su prfpib kfdguktb. Js gjkir, quj nb pjrsfdb pjrkimj quj nf   7=

 

quj eb fkurrigf jxtjrdbcjdtj js arbkibs b su kfcpfrtbcijdtf y tijdj kfdtrfn sfmrj nbs kfdsjkujdkibs jxtjrdbs. Xfr j`jcpnf, udb pjrsfdb kfd nfkus gj kfdtrfn idtjrdf btrimuyj sus nfarfs bkbgécikfs b sã ciscf. [i quijrj tjdjr éxitf, pujgj trbmb`br jd jnnf jstugibr, jsofrzbrsj, kbcmibr sus tékdikbs gj jstugif, jtk. Jn nfkus gj kfdtrfn jxtjrdf sukjgj kubdgf jn idgiviguf pjrkimj quj ud jvjdtf jxtjrdf eb fkurrigf gj cbdjrb idgjpjdgijdtj b su kfcpfrtbcijdtf. Xfr tbdtf, jn idgi viguf bsfkib bn bzbr, b nb sujrtj f bn gjstidf, jn bkfdtjkicijdtf quj eb fkurrigf. Xfr j`jcpnf, udb pjrsfdb kfd nfkus gj kfdtrfn jxtjrdf btrimuyj sus nfarfs bkbgécikfs b ftrb pjrsfdb f b nb situbkiûd, kfcf nb cbnb sujrtj, b nb cbnb mbrrb gjn prfojsfr, b quj ud kfcpbòjrf nf pjr`ugikû, f quj jstugib jd ud nikjf y df jd ud kfnjaif pbabgf, jtk.

NFKZ[ GJ KFDW]FN Y WZ OZWZ]F KFCF PFCMIJ  

[i udb pjrsfdb pijdsb quj nf quj fkurrj b su bnrjgjgfr df gjpjdgj gj én, tjdgjrâ b df bktubr gj cfgf jstrbtéaikf pbrb kbcmibrnf. Xfr j`jcpnf, si udb pjrsfdb pijdsb   7;

 

quj df tijdj kfdtrfn sfmrj su gjstidf, js pfsimnj quj df ebab dbgb pbrb prfarjsbr, df jcprjdgb, di jstugij y sj nicitj b trbmb`br jd kubnquijr kfsb, y jsb obntb gj nfarfs sûnf rjboircbrâ su tjfrãb idikibn gj quj df tijdj kfdtrfn sfmrj su vigb. Jd kbcmif, si udb pjrsfdb pijdsb quj tijdj kfdtrfn sfmrj su outurf pfgrâ ajdjrbr pnbdjs b outurf y jstbmnjkjr jstrbtjaibs pbrb kfdsjauir sus fm`jtivfs. Nb sjdsbkiûd gj df pfgjr kfdtrfnbr ud jvjdtf ajdjrb orjkujdtjcjdtj ud jstbgf gj pbrbnizbkiûd quj idebminitb b nbs pjrsfdbs pbrb bnkbdzbr nbs cjtbs prfpujstbs. Jn nfkus gj kfdtrfn idtjrdf tbcmiéd js ud bspjktf icpfrtbdtj pbrb jn gjsbrrfnnf pjrsfdbn, yb quj udb pjrsfdb kfd nfkus gj kfdtrfn idtjrdf krjj jd sus pfsiminigbgjs orjdtj b nf quj fkurrj jxtjrdbcjdtj y sbmj quj jsofrzâdgfsj bn câxicf nnjabrâ nj`fs. Idgjojdsiûd bprjdgigb0 nfkus gj kfdtrfn jxtjrdf . Jstb situbkiûd js oudgbcjdtbn jd nb krjbkiûd gj pjrsfdbs vfkbkiûd gj „vãkticbs–, nb idgjojdsiûd  bprjdgigb sjkfd rjoijrj b pjrsfdbs quj bdtj kijrtf dðcjrf gj

idtjdtfs obnnigfs pfr jvitbr situbkifdjs gfnfrfsbs f bg vjrsbs tjrcidbd pfr gj`br gj idtjdtbrnf, vfnviédgfsj pbsivbs bdtj sus kirkudstbdkibs gj vigb, bn ebmjr bprjdgigf quj „dbgb gj nf quj pujgbd eb kjr kbcmibrâ udb situbkiûd djabti vb–,  vb–, budquj jxistbd pfsiminigbgjs pbrb jnnf, sj vujnvjd kijabs b jnnbs f pijrgjd su kfdoibdzb jd sus   77

 

pfsiminigbgjs pbrb kbcmibr nbs kfsbs, rjdudkibdgf idknusf b trbtbr, pjrgijdgf nb rjspujstb gj borfdtbcijdtf. Jd kfdkjptfs knãdikfs, nb idgjojdsiûd bprjdgigb sj jdkujdtrb b nb mbsj gj nfs jstbgfs gjprjsivfs. Xjrsfdbnigbg joikbz0 nfkus gj kfdtrfn idtjrdf. Nbs pjrsfdbs kuyb pjrsfdbnigbg js joikbz sfd bqujnnb quj, bdtj prfmnjcbs f gioikuntbgjs gjsjstbminizbdtjs, sfd kbpbkjs gj cbdtjdjr su kbpbkigbg gj rjspujstb y gj nukeb, kfd nf quj kfdsiaujd rjsistir y sbnir b onftj. Jstfs idgi vigufs df sfd idcudjs b nfs bkfdtjkicijdtfs gfn gfnfrfsfs frfsfs

quj kubnquijr pjrsfdb borfdtb jd su vigb, kfcf quijmrjs sjdticjdtbnjs, cujrtjs gj sjrjs qujrigfs, situbkifdjs gj tjdsiûd nbmfrbn f idknusf gj aujrrb, jnnfs sj giojrjdkibd gj nfs ftrfs jd quj sfd kbpbkjs gj bkjptbr kfd jstfikiscf nfs jcmbtjs gjn gjstidf y sj sfmrjpfdjd jdkfdtrbdgf jdjraãb jd nb nukeb pbrb sjauir bgjnbdtj y vjdkjr b nb bgvjrsigbg. Jstj tipf gj pjrsfdb bgjcâs gj tjdjr nfkus kfdtrfn idtjrdf, sujnjd sjr câsnfsonjximnjs, tbgfs gj b nfarfs y df njs bsustb j dorjdtbr jdorjdtbr kbcmifs.frijd-

  7:

 

JN JWJ]DF KFCMZ[WIMNJ GJN NB _IKWICIPBKIÛD _IKWICIPBKIÛD

PFCMIJ 0

Jd psikfnfaãb, nb vikticizbkiûd sj rjoijrj b udb pfsikiûd tûxikb quj bgfptb udb pjrsfdb quj sj kfdsigjrb gbòbgf pfr situbkifdjs quj jxbajrb y df djkjsbribcjdtj nf vikticizbd, pfdiédgfsj jd jn kjdtrf gj btbqujs quj df sijcprj nf sfd. Nb vikticizbkiûd js udb ofrcb djabtivb gj nnbcbr nb btjdkiûd sfmrj sã ciscf, udb bktitug gj butfkfcpbsiûd y nâsticb cbrkbgb pfr nb pjrkjpkiûd gj quj jn cudgf jstâ jd su kfdtrb, situbkiûd quj js usbgb kfcf brcb pbrb rjbnizbr tfgfs sus gjsjfs bðd jd kfdtrb gj nfs gjcâs. Nb pjrsfdb quj pbgjkj gj vikticizbkiûd sj kjdtrb jd jn pjr`uikif idtjdkifdbn f bkkigjdtbn quj kbgb su`jtf nj eb ejkef jd su vigb sjbd jstfs rjbnjs f pjrkimigfs pfr jstb, sid rjkfrgbr nbs kfsbs mujdbs quj jstfs ciscfs idgivigufs ebd ejkef pfr jnnb. zfcmijs   sj Jd jstj kfdtjxtf sj kfcprjdgj kûcf nfs rjsijdtjd kfdstbdtjcjdtj pfr dicijgbgjs kfcf quj df njs kfdtjstjd nfs cjdsb`js gj Qebtsbpp, sid quj nb pjrsfdb quj kfcjtiû tbcbòf „gbòf– s iquijrb nf sjpb. Nb cbyfrãb gj nbs pjrsfdbs kfcprjdgjd quj jn rjstf gjn cudgf jstâ icmuigf jd sus prfpifs bsudtfs y jn ejkef gj quj df dfs kfdtjstjd gj sjaurf sj gjmj b cukefs cftivfs quj df tijdjd dbgb quj vjr kfd udb idtjdkiûd   7?

 

gj pjr`ugikbr f gbòbr b nb pjrsfdb yb quj sbmjcfs quj df tfgf tijdj pfr qué siadioikbr bnaf cbnf. Jd kbcmif, jn tãpikf zfcmij  sujnj  sujnj vjrsj b sã ciscf kfcf jn kjdtrf gj nb cbnb idtjdkiûd gj nfs gjcâs bdtj kubnquijr situbkiûd quj éstj njyû kfcf „fojdsivb–. Xbrb jn zfcmij  nb  nb vikticizbkiûd sj trbdsofrcb jd udb pbrtj kjdtrbn gj su gjoidikiûd kfcf pjrsfdb, viviédgfnb jd tfgfs nfs bspjktfs gj su vigb, pfr nf quj btrimuyjd sus vivjdkibs djabtivbs b situbkifdjs kfcf jn gjstidf, nb cbnb sujrtj, nb cbngbg gj ftrfs, nb jdvigib, pfgjrjs supjrifrjs, oujrzbs fkuntbs, jtk. Xfr jstb visiûd, jn zfcmij  orjkujdtjcjdtj  orjkujdtjcjdtj kunpb b nbs pjrsfdbs câs kjrkbdbs gj tfgf tipf gj kirkudstbdkibs y pbgjkicijdtfs, yb quj pfr nb cbyfr orjkujdkib gj sus idtjrbkkifdjs tijdjd câs situbkifdjs suskjptimnjs gj trbdsofrcbr jd fojdsb, sid nnjabr `bcâs b bsucir quj tbnjs kirkudstbdkibs sj gjsprjdgjd girjktbcjdtj gj sus gjkisifdjs f bktfs. Nbs idvjstiabkifdjs quj ebd prfoudgizbgf kijdtãoikbcjdtj jstj kfdstruktf0 Wej Wjdgjdky ofrbdg Idtjrpjrsfdbnsfmrj _ikticeffg0 Wej Xjrsfdbnity Kfdstrukt its Kfdsjqujdkjs. Xjrsfdbnity bdg Idgivigubn Gioojrjdkjs. Abmby, ]bebv & Ebcjiri, Mfbz & ]umjn-Nioskeitz,  Wbccy & Dbgnjr, Brij. Brij. (=8=8). Ebd pnbdtjbgf nb jxistjdkib gj kubtrf gicjdsifdjs gjdtrf gjn vikticiscf0   71

 

2.  Mðsqujgb kfdstbdtj kfdstbdtj gjn rrjkfdfkicijd jkfdfkicijdtf tf gjn vikticiscf prfpif0 Muskb dftbrsj pfr jstb kfdgikiûd, nnjabdgf b kfcpjtir pfr sjr nb vãkticb câs vãkticb. Jstbs pjrsfdbs djkjsitbd cfstrbr su suoricijdtf b nfs gjcâs, sjb jstj arbvj f udb jxbajrbkiûd gj udb situbkiûd sid icpfrtbdkib. Jd ajdjrbn bn suorir bnaðd gbòf u fojdsb, nbs pjrsfdbs muskbd bpfyf jcfkifdbn jdtrj nfs kjrkbdfs, nfs quj rjboircbd nb id`ustikib gj nb situbkiûd kfd nf quj nb vãkticb rjboircb quj jn gbòf suorigf ouj rjbn y nb djkjsigbg gj quj su fojdsfr sjb kbstiabgf. Jsb js nb tãpikb „oudb– pfr rjgjs sfkibnjs kubdgf tu pbrj`b tjrcidb kfdtiaf. Jn zfcmij  

muskb sjr jn kjdtrf gj nb btjdkiûd gj nfs gjcâs usbdgf su situbkiûd gj vãkticb kfcf ud brcb pbrb prjsifdbr y cbdipunbr b ftrfs. =.  [jdtigf gj jnitiscf cfrbn0 Jstbs pjrsfdbs bsucjd quj suoricijdtf njs kfdoijrj ud divjn cfrbn supjrifr, sukfd udb kbpbkigbg privinjaibgb pbrb giktbr dfrcbs cfrbnjs b nfs gjcâs kfd tbn divjn gj gjsbpjaf gj nf rjbn, gj gjtbnnj f gj riaigjz quj sj vjd kfdstbdtjcjdtj btrfpjnnbgbs pfr nfs ftrfs, pfr nf quj  vujnvjd b sjr fojdgigfs y vikticizbgfs, jd udb jspirbn sid oid. Jnnfs sj butfpjrkimjd kfcf pjrsfdbs rjktbs gj cfrbnigbg supjrnbtivb, kfdsigjrbdgf b nfs   75

 

gjcâs kfcf sjrjs icpjrojktfs gj udb cfrbnigbg gjpnfrbmnj, pfr nf quj orjkujdtjcjdtj nfs bkusbrâd gj sjr cbn idtjdkifdbgfs, kfrruptfs, id`ustfs, jafãstbs y gjsefdjstfs, trbtbdgf gj kfdtrfnbrnfs cjgibdtj quj`bs y rjprfkejs b su kfdguktb yb quj jnnfs sijcprj sj vjd kfcf pjrsfdbs pjrsjauigbs, vundjrbmnjs y cfrbncjdtj supjrifrjs… ¡BAFWBGF]! ¡BAFWBGF]!  ;.  Obntb gj jcpbtãb bdtj jn gbòf y suoricijdtf b`jdfs0  Bn vjrsj kfcf kjdtrf gj nfs câs trukunjd-

tfs pnbdjs pbrb sjr pjr`ugikbgfs, kfdcfrbnjs jn divjn supjrisupjrnbtivf gj vikticizbkiûd y kfd divjnjs frjs b nfs gj kubnquijrb, sujnjd cirbr jd cjdfs jn suoricijdtf gj nfs gjcâs. [u idkbpbkigbg pbrb gjskjdtrbrsj ebkj quj jn pfdjrsj jd jn nuabr gjn ftrf sjb udb tbrjb icpfsimnj. [j eb vistf quj nbs pjrsfdbs quj câs sj vikticizbd tijdgjd b dbturbnizbr su kfdguktb barjsivb y jafãstb kfd nfs gjcâs, iadfrbdgf jn suoricijdtf gj ftrfs y kfd orjkujdkib nf gjsprjkibd, nnjabdgf b rjkebzbr byugbr b ftrfs, situbkiûd quj sj eb nnbcbgf „jafãscf gjn vikticiscf–.  7.  Kfdstbdtj rucibkiûd sfmrj vikticizbkiûd jd jn pbsbgf0 Jn zfcmij  dudkb  dudkb fnvigb nb fojdsb suorigb, df ic  79

 

pfrtb nfs sianfs quj pbsjd f nb vjrfsicinitug gj nb fojdsb jd kujstiûd, jsf bnicjdtb su rjsjdticijdtf, sj idtjroijrj jd su rjnbkiûd kfd ftrfs y usb tbnjs kirkudstbdkibs pbrb cbdipunbr b ftrfs kfd mbsj b udb gjugb quj sûnf én rjkfdfkj y quj dudkb pujgj sjr sbngbgb. [ujnjd jspjrbr quj nbs fojdsbs vujnvbd b fkurrir y kfdstbdtjcjdtj sj prjpbrbd pbrb nb rjbkkiûd quj tjdgrâd kubdgf jstf pbsj. Jstb bktitug ajdjrb pjrsfdbs cjdfs prfpjdsbs b pjrgfdbr b quijdjs nbs gbòû y sfd câs bojktbs b vjdabrsj.

EBY PFCMIJ[  GJ   GJ X]ICJ]B Y GJ [JAZDGB KBWJAF]ÃB0 NB AZJ]]B GJ NF[ [JUF[

Nb dujvb izquijrgb bn gjsprjdgjrsj gj nb knbsj fmrjrb kfcf fm`jtf gj rjvfnukiûd, sj eb bmijrtf b udb pnurbnigbg pfr gj nbs cikrf oujrzbskfdoniktfs, pfnãtikbs, kbpitbnizbgfs y sj eb gbgfejajcûdikbcjdtj b nb tbrjb gj icpfdjr su igjfnfaãb bkkjgijdgf gjdtrf gjn sistjcb y gjstruirnf gjsgj su idtjrifr. Nbs udivjrsigbgjs ebd sigf jnjaigbs pbrb nb trbdscisiûd gj su igjfnfaãb, pfr nf quj ebd sigf ejajcfdizbgbs pfr nbs izquijrgbs jd Keinj y jd tfgf jn cudgf. Ajdtj jgu  :8

 

kbgb eb sigf bnijdbgb rjspjktf gj nb rjbnigbg, jd kbcmif ajdtj kfd cjdfs bkkjsf b nb jgukbkiûd ofrcbn udivjrsitbrib bðd kfdsjrvb nb kfdjxiûd kfd nb rjbnigbg y kfd jstf idtbktf jn sjdtigf kfcðd. Nb dujvb izquijrgb df tijdj ud cudgf jd cjdtj, sûnf gjstruir nf quj jxistj, nbs idstitukifdjs sfkibnjs, nbs OOBB, obcinib, ianjsib, jtk. Df muskb kfdstruir udb sfkijgbg dujvb yb quj jsf nbs jxpfdgrãb bn rftudgf orbkbsf, quj yb ebd jxpjricjdtbgf jd tfgfs nfs idtjdtfs gjn pbsbgf. Df eby cfgjnf jd cjdtj, sûnf gjstrukkiûd, pfrquj df pnbdtjbr dbgb df pjrcitj tjdjr orbkbsfs, gjstruir oudkifdb sijcprj, tijdjd jd cjdtj kfcmbtir nbs dfkifdjs jstbmnjkigbs jd kubdtf b nb sjxubnigbg, obcinib, rjniaiûd, dbkifdbnigbg, pbtrib, trbgikiûd, cfrbn… Xjrf gjstrukkiûd js udb pbnbmrb kfd cukeb kbrab djabtivb, pfr nf quj usbd gjkfdstrukkiûd quj js udb pbnbmrb suoikijdtjcjdtj arbdginfkujdtj pbrb sjr bgfptbgbs pfr cjdtjs âvigbs gj sjr rjkfdfkigbs kfcf prfarjsistbs.  Bn jstugibr nfs orbkbsfs gjn pbsbgf, nb dujvb izquijrgb gjskumriû quj nb obcinib kfcf dðknjf oudgbcjdtbn gj nb sfkijgbg, pfsjãb ud jdfrcj pfgjr pbrb cbdtjdjr nb kunturb ejajcûdikb icpjrbdtj, y gjdtrf gj jnnb, jn pbpjn gj nb cu`jr js oudgbcjdtbn kfcf obktfr kfdsjrvbgfr quj bdunbmb nb jdjraãb rjvfnukifdbrib, bn sjr nb pridkipbn   :2

 

oujdtj gj trbdscisiûd gj nb kunturb, vbnfrjs, trbgikifdjs j eistfrib. Js pfr jstf quj jd jnnb sj ebd vujntf oudgbcjdtbnjs jd sus pnbdjs, y jd jnnb sj ebd kjdtrbgf arbd pbrtj gj sus jsoujrzfs, yb quj nb izquijrgb pjdsû quj pfgãb sjr ud obktfr gj trbdscisiûd gj nb rjvfnukiûd. Nb dujvb izquijrgb bdunb jn obktfr kfdsjrvbgfr gj nb cu`jr b trbvés gjn ojcidiscf, y nb tfrdû ud obktfr gj rjvfnukiûd câs pftjdtj. Nb gibnéktikb pbsb gj fmrjrf  ‛  kbpitbn kbpitbnistb b efcmrj  ‛  cu`jr.   cu`jr. Kfd jstb gibnéktikb idtjrvijdj jd su oudkiûd gj rjprfgukkiûd gjn sistjcb. Nb dujvb izquijrgb jniaiû b nb cu`jr y gjdiarû bn efcmrj. Js bsã kfcf b nbs cu`jrjs gãb b gãb sj nbs ouj bnicjdtbdgf kfd igjfnfaãb gjsgj nb jcpbtãb, sj nbs kfd vjdkiû gj nb id`ustikib gj su pbpjn bnicjdtbdgf su s u rjsjdrjsj dticijdtf, njs idkunkbrfd quj tfgf nf quj jstâ cbn jd su  vigb tijdj ud kunpbmnj, quj js ud efcmrj y quj rjprjsjdtb ud pbtribrkbgf. B jstf kfdtrimuyû oujrtjcjdtj jn cfgjnf quj bcmfs jrbd qujjkfdûcikf idtjarbrsj quj b nb fmniaû oujrzbbnbmfrbn pbrb pbgrjs pfgjr tuvivivir kûcfgbcjdtj, pfr nfs quj nb obcinib suoriû pfr nb djkjsigbg gj nfs pbgrjs gj sbnir b trbmb`br oujrb gj su kbsb, gjmijdgf gj`br b sus ei`fs pbrb sjr jgukbgfs pfr ftrfs, kfcf prfojsfrjs, quijdjs nfs bnicjdtbd gjsgj nb câs tijrdb idobdkib kfd nf quj jstâd prjpbrbgfs pbrb gbrnjs0 igjfnfaãb.   :=

 

Xfr j`jcpnf, bdtjs udb pðmjr jd sus pricjrbs jxpjrijdkibs sjdticjdtbnjs quj suorãb udb gjsinusiûd bcfrfsb bn rfcpjr su rjnbkiûd sjdticjdtbn `uvjdin, pbsbmb su pjdb ud pbr gj gãbs y nb vigb sjauãb. Bktubncjdtj, jsb ciscb diòb jstâ mfcmbrgjbgb gj cjdsb`js gfdgj sj ebmnb quj jn pbtribrkbgf tj kfdtrfnb, tj gjstruyj nb vigb, quj si jn `fvjd rfcpj kfdtiaf js ud bmusbgfr, cbkeistb, sjxistb y jtk., nf quj ebkj quj sj rjsijdtb kfd tfgbs nbs oiaurbs cbskunidbs gj su vigb. Eby ud mfcmbrgjf kfdstbdtj jd jn bcmijdtj, jd nfs cjgifs gj kfcudikbkiûd cbsivb, pjnãkunbs, rjgjs sfkibnjs, kjdtrfs jgukbkifdbnjs y jdtrj nfs pbrjs, gfdgj kfdstbdtjcjdtj sj idgikb nb cbdjrb jd quj jn pbtribrkbgf j`jrkj gfcidbkiûd sfmrj nbs cu`jrjs, sus fskurbs idtjdkifdjs, y sj gjdiarb jn pbpjn gj nb cu`jr jd nb sfkijgbg ebkiédgfnf idgjsjbmnj y udb trbmb jdfrcj pbrb su gjsbrrfnnf, kubnquijr jskfnnf kfd quj udb cu`jr trfpijkj gjsgj nb câsgfcidbdgf tijrdb idobdkib, sjrâudsiadioikbgf jn pbtribrkbgf su vigb, cjgif gjkfcf kfdtrfn bmusivf y rjprjsfr. Ftrf j`jcpnf. [i su pbgrj df nj pjrcitj ir b udb oijstb ebstb bntbs efrbs gj nb dfkej y nj icpfdj udb efrb nãcitj gj rjarjsf, kfsb quj b tfgfs dfs pbsû jd bnaudb fkbsiûd kubdgf kfcjdzbcfs b sjdtirdfs bguntfs y qujrãbcfs   :;

 

gj`br btrâs nbs kfdgikifdjs idobdtinjs, kfcf yb eby kijdtfs gj kfdkjptfs jd nbs kbmjzbs gj nbs diòbs pfr jd jn mfcmbrgjf kfdstbdtj gj nfs cjgifs gj kfcudikbkiûd, gfdgj sj idgikb kûcf jn pbtribrkbgf j`jrkj nb gfcidbkiûd gj nbs cu`jrjs b trbvés gj nbs dfrcbs, nb `fvjd df kfdsigjrb quj jn pbgrj nf ebkj kfcf udb ofrcb gj kuigbr su sjaurigbg, sidf quj jn kfdkjptf gjn pbtribrkbgf p btribrkbgf pricb, nb igjfnfaizbkiûd. Jd jn pbsbgf nbs `ûvjdjs sj jdf`bmbd kfd nfs pbgrjs pfr df gj`brnbs krjkjr y sjr câs butûdfcbs, bktubncjdtj jn jdf`f sj ebkj pfnãtikf. Jstj mfcmbrgjf igjfnûaikf kfdkjptubn kfdstbdtj ajdjrb quj, bdtj tjcâtikbs sicinbrjs, nbs pjrsfdbs rjbkkifdjcfs bsicinbdgf nb igjfnfaãb y kfdkjptfs igjfnûaikfs bn kbsf pbrtikunbr, tjdijdgf udb kfdstrukkiûd cjdtbn nistb pbrb jkebr cbdf sid tjdjr quj gbrsj nb cfnjstib gj kfdstruirnb udf ciscf, di siquijrb gjmj rjojrirsj b nf ciscf, di tbcpfkf js djkjsbribcjdtj quj tjdab sjdtigf. Jn cfgjnf jstb bmsfrmigf, idyjktbgf kfcf ud keip bn quj pujgjd jkebr cbdf jd kubnquijr cfcjdtf. KFNJKWI_I[CF ]J_FNZKIFDB]IF

Xfr jn kfdtrbrif, nfs efcmrjs ebd sigf gjsvirinizbgfs, nbs cbgrjs sistjcâtikbcjdtj njs fmniabd b rjpricir nb jxprjsifdjs jcfkifdbnjs bsfkibgbs b nb virinigbg, sj nfs sfcjtj   :7

 

b ud bcbdjrbcijdtf sistjcbtizbgf, sj kfdgjdbd nbs kfdguktbs cbskunidbs, sj nf eb gjminitbgf, subvizbgf, nfs ebd ejkef sjdtir kunpbmnjs gj sjr oujrtjs, idtjniajdtjs, gj nfs ejkefs y kfdquistbs gjn pbsbgf, gj nfs gjskumricijdtfs kijdtãoikfs y gj nfs bvbdkjs tjkdfnûaikfs, gj tfgfs sus éxitfs, cfstrâdgfnfs kfcf udb oujdtj gj suoricijdtf anfmbn0 bn pnbdjtb, nbs pnbdtbs, nfs bdicbnjs, b nfs pujmnfs friaidbrifs, b nfs giskbpbkitbgfs, djarfs, mnbdkfs, bcbrinnfs, keikfs y arbdgjs… pjrf pfr sfmrj tfgf B NB CZ@J]… y njs jstâd ebkijdgf pbabr pfr jnnf… Nb dujvb izquijrgb sj gif kujdtb quj df nj sjrvãb

jn Bgâd quj kfcj nb cbdzbdb, sidf quj nb Jvb quj nf idstiab y sj nb gb…  Kubdgf nfs kfnjktiviscfs ojcjdidfs y cbskunidfs sj kfd`uabd, nfs efcmrjs sj gj`bd sfcjtjr, tijdjd  vjraþjdzb gj sjr efcmrjs, bsucjd quj sfd ajdjrbgfrjs gj vifnjdkib, quj df sj gjmj kfcpjtir. Xfr nf quj kfcf jspjkij yb bdfabdbr jxistjfudb jsqujcb cj`frb df bprjdgjd pjrgjr, ygjbdtj jn kfdtidub, orbkbsf sûnf bktðbd gjpriciédgfsj, y jstf sj prfcujvj bktivbcjdtj gjmigf b quj nfs su`jtfs géminjs sfd oudkifdbnjs bn sistjcb, sfd gjpjdgijdtjs gjn arbd pbgrj, JN J[ WBGF.

  ::

 

Jstf eb nnjabgf b jxtrjcfs tbd jxbajrbgfs kfcf kftigibdfs, bn pudtf quj ofrcb pbrtj gj nfs giskursfs privbgfs y foikibnjs. Jd Djtonix eby udb kbtjafrãb gj pjnãkunbs „prftbafdizbgbs pfr cu`jrjs– gfdgj sj nbs cujstrbd

fpricigbs nimjrâdgfsj pfr cjgifs rjvfnukifdbrifs pbrb nf kubn sj kfcpfrtbd gj cbdjrb cuy pfkf rjbn… nnjabdgf b pjnãkunbs „eistûrikbs– gfdgj dbgb qujgb gj nfs ejkefs rjbnjs… 

Xfr jstf, jdkfdtrbcfs giskursfs quj btjdtbd kfdtrb tfgb nûaikb, pfr pjrsfdbs kfddftbgbs, quj pbsbrfd tftbncjdtj gjsbpjrkimigfs. Zd j`jcpnf gj jstf dfs nf rjabnb nb ciscãsicb Einnbry ]fgebc Knidtfd jn bòf 2995, pfnãtikb, gipnfcâtikb, bmfabgb, jskritfrb y kfdojrjdkistb jstbgfudigjdsj cijdtrbs jrb Xricjrb Gbcb0 „Nbs cu`jrjs sijcprj ebd sigf nbs pridkipbnjs vãkticbs

gj nb aujrrb. Nbs cu`jrjs pijrgjd b sus jspfsfs, b sus pbgrjs y b sus ei`fs jd kfcmbtj–  Kbmj gjstbkbr quj jstb orbsj „ajdibn– ouj gikeb jd Jn

[bnvbgfr gurbdtj udb kfdojrjdkib kfdtrb nb vifnjdkib gfcéstikb, nuabr gfdgj pfkfs bòfs bdtjs ebmãb vivigf udb aujrrb kivin, nfs aridafs girãbd quj   jnnb suorj gj „sfkibn tfdj gjbo–, dfsftrfs sbmjcfs quj sûnf rjspfdgãb b udb igjfnfaãb b divjnjs quj nb jcpbtãb, bsjrtivigbg, nûaikb   :?

 

y nb rbzûd df idtjrvijdjd gj didaudb cbdjrb… y dbgij gi`f dbgb… 

  :1

 

Kbpãtunf ; RZÉ EBKJCF[ NB[ XJ][FDB[ BDWJ NB PFCMIOIKBKIÛD   GJ NF[ DIÒF[.

Js gurf gjkirnf, y câs jskukebrnf, pjrf, sbnvf efdrfsbs jxkjpkifdjs, ud diòf zfcmioikbgf  cbyfr gj 2= bòfs ¡¡¡J[WB XJ]GIGF!!! Xjrf nfs cjdfrjs df, y jstj diòf pjrgigf pujgj byugbrdfs b sbnvbr bn câs pjqujòf. Kfcf gi`j, eby jxkjpkifdjs. Nfs Idcudjs0 Diòfs kribgfs kfd vbnfrjs obcinibrjs, quj sus pbgrjs gjcujstrbd kfdstbdtjcjdtj jd su bktubr, quj tijdjd nãcitjs knbrfs, quj kfdoãbd jd sus cbyfrjs pfrquj jstfs df njs ebd cjdtigf di trbikifdbgf. Jn bcfr idkfdgikifdbn kfrrj kfd nb ciscb oujrzb quj nb icpfsikiûd gj nb giskipnidb. [i jd jstbs obcinibs jxistjd bmujnfs u ftrfs bguntfs cbyfrjs quj njs ebd ebmnbgf gj su eistfrib, gj kûcf jrbd nbs kfsbs jd jn pbsbgf, gj vbnfr gjn jsoujrzf, jtk. y si bgjcâs

 

:5

 

df dfs kjdtrbcfs jd nnjdbr gj kfsbs b dujstrfs ei`fs „pbrb quj df tjdab nbs kbrjdkibs quj yf tuvj– sid didaðd jsoujrzf di céritf gj su pbrtj… OJNI KIWBKIFDJ[, su ei`f js IDCZDJ…

Kfcf sj ebmrâd pjrkbtbgf jd nb idtrfgukkiûd, jn cjgif kjdtrbn gj zfcmioikbkiûd  gj  gj dujstrfs ei`fs js jn kfnjaif, jsj ciscf quj jnjaicfs pbrb jnnfs, df icpfrtb si js kbrf f arbtis, si jstâ jd tbn f kubn kfcudb, rjkujrgjd quj NB JGZKBKIÛD J[ JN M]BPF B]CBGF GJ NB ]J_FNZKIÛD, y bsã nf vicfs bòf b bòf. Cukefs pbgrjs quj vivijrfd nb épfkb gj nb Zdigbg Xfpunbr jd Keinj, y su pfstjrifr pjrifgf gj rjkupjrbkiûd y suraicijdtf gjn pbãs, sj kjdtrbrfd jd rjkupjrbrsj gj bqujnnfs trbucâtikfs bòfs gj jskbsjz y gjkbgjdkib cfrbn, sfkibn, kunturbn y jkfdûcikb. Nbcjdtbmnjcjdtj, nfs trbucbs gj jstj pjrãfgf eikijrfd quj nbs pjrsfdbs idtjdtbrbd df idonuir kfd su pjdsbcijdtf sfmrj nfs diòfs gurbdtj nfs bòfs supijrfd cbdtjdjr nb pbtrib,pfstjrifrjs, kjdtrâdgfsjpfr jd nfnf quj quj df nj kfdvijdj b kbgb udf, bktitug quj tjrcidû pfr gj`br b nfs diòfs sfnfs jd cbdfs gj prfojsfrjs quj, budquj tfgfs sbmãbcfs quj jrbd cbrxistbs df dfs jspjrâmbcfs jn arbgf gj cbngbg gjspnjabgf pfr jstfs, quj qujgb jxpnikbgf pfr nf jxprjsbgf pfr Arbcski.   :9

 

Keinj tjdãb kfcf mbsj oudgbcjdtbn gj nb sfkijgbg b nb obcinib, nnjvbrfd nb aujrrb b nb obcinib, yb quj jstb sj ouj gjminitbdgf pfr nb kbrrjrb pfr jn éxitf quj nfs bguntfs pjdsbmbd kfdsjauir b trbvés gjn trbmb`f gurf, yb quj krjãbd quj jstf ofrtbnjkãb b nb obcinib pbrb df vfnvjr b kbjr jd jrrfrjs gjn pbsbgf, nfs pbgrjs qujrãbd nb cj`fr jgukbkiûd pbrb sus ei`fs y bsjaurbrnjs su outurf. Jn pbãs kfdstbdtjcjdtj ouj rjofrcbdgf nb jgukbkiûd pfr prjsifdjs pjrsistjdtjs gj nb izquijrgb, nb quj qujrãb nnjvbrnb bn eucbdiscf, jstbs prjsifdjs tuvijrfd ud éxitf nicitbgf, yb quj nfs rjqujricijdtfs tjkdfnûaikfs mnfqujbrfd nfs pnbdjs gj jnicidbr jn pjdsbcijdtf kijdtãoikf gj nb jgukbkiûd. Keinj bn prfmbr nb cijn gjn éxitf jkfdûcikf, kfcf kfdsjkujdkib gjn jsoujrzf pjrsfdbn, sj trbdsofrcû jd ud pbãs jxitistb, nbs pjrsfdbs kfdstbdtjcjdtj muskbd sãcmfnfs gj stbtus cujstrj bgj nfsfraunnf gjcâs df sus eb nfarfs kfdsjauigfs, y jstjquj sjdticijdtf pfgigf sjr gjrrimbgf pfr nfs cfvicijdtfs sfkibnjs krjbgfs pbrb jnnf y quj bspirbd b nb iaubngbg. Kfd sfrprjsb sj gijrfd kujdtb quj, b pjsbr gj nb jdfrcj kbcpbòb prfpbabdgãstikb anfmbn jd Keinj pbrb nb bkjptbkiûd gj idciarbdtjs, nbs pjrsfdbs ebd cfstrbgf ud mb`f   ?8

 

bpfyf b jstfs, kfdsigjrbdgf quj nfs pfnãtikfs trbjd câs pfmrjs j idvbgjd tfgbs pbrtjs, trbjd jn vugð, kbcmiû dujstrb bpbrijdkib rbkibn y kunturbn. Jnnfs sfd giojrjdtjs, df sj bgbptbd, df quijrjd trbmb`br y bn keinjdf kfcðd quj sbnj bgjnbdtj jstf js kfcf udb mfojtbgb, bn tijcpf quj jn afmijrdf gj turdf nfs cbdtijdj kfd gidjrf gj nfs kfdtrimuyjdtjs, pfr nf quj tjrcidbd sijdgf iadfrbgfs y  vivijdgf bn cbrajd gj nb sfkijgbg. Y jsf quj df dfs rjojrirjcfs b nb nnjabgb gj nfs kbrtjnjs gj grfabs. Jd sucb, vivicfs nf icpjdsbgf, ud ]JKBCMIF XFMNBKIFDBN, quj tijdj kfcf fm`jtivf JNICIDB] B NF[ KEINJDF[, y kfdvjrtirdfs jd udb cbsb udiofrcj sid igjdtigbg, sbnicfs b nbs kbnnjs y df pfgjcfs rjkfdfkjr b dujstrf pbãs.

 Â]CBWJ GJ XBKIJDKIB Y BKWÐB XB[F B XB[F

Jn cjkbdiscf gj zfcmioikbkiûd  aubrgb  aubrgb cukebs sicinitugjs kfd nb pjrtjdjdkib b sjktbs y bnaudbs kfd jn kfcpfrtbcijdtf bgiktivf. Nb mbsj gjn rjskbtj sijcprj js jn  BCF] IDKFDGIKIFDBN. IDKFDGIKIFDBN. Jn usf gj nb rbzûd y nûai  ?2

 

kb js idðtin, nb cbdipunbkiûd cjdtbn gjn `fvjd nf ebkj icpjrcjbmnj b nb rbzûd, y sjaðd jn arbgf gj cbdipunbkiûd, sûnf pujgj ebkjrsj cfstrbdgf ejkefs rjbnjs. Jd ajdjrbn nfs bguntfs tbcmiéd ejcfs jstbgf sijdgf cbdipunbgfs b trbvés gj dujstrfs ei`fs jd dujstrb prfpib kbsb. Xiédsbnf mijd, ¶Rué tjcbs yb df tfkbs pbrb quj df ebyb pjnjbs6, ¶Rué keistjs yb df sfd bprfpibgfs6, ¶B quiédjs gj`bstj gj vjr6, ¶Rué pjnãkunbs yb df pujgjd vjr jd obcinib6, ¶Rué kfcigbs yb df sfd bkjptbmnjs jd tu kbsb6, jd sucb ¶KZÂDWB[ KF[B[ EB[ GJ@BGF GJ EBKJ] XB]B CBDWJDJ] NB XBP JD WZ EFAB]6, ¶Kuâdtfs jspbkifs ebs kjgigf6

JN A]ZÒIGF PFCMIJ 0 _FKBMZNB]IF

Nfs diòfs igjfnfaizbgfs f zfcmijs  sujnjd   sujnjd pbrtir kfd kfsbs idfojdsivbs jd bpbrijdkib kfcf jn vfkbmunbrif, yb ejcfs ebmnbgf gjn j`jcpnf gjn NZK]F usbgf kfcf Z[Z]B, cbn usbgf y rjpjtigf pfr tfgfs, bn kbcmibr jn usf y sjdtigf gj nbs pbnbmrbs kbcmibd nb rjbnigbg, nb igjfnfaizbd y tbcmiéd cigjd jn icpbktf gjn kbcmif igjfnûaikf jd nb sfkijgbg pfr nb rjpjtikiûd. Jd nb jgukbkiûd   ?=

 

pfr nb idtrfgukkiûd gjn tércidf NZK]F, tjrcidb icpfrtbdgf câs quj jn sfstjdjgfr df nukrj f df abdj gidjrf, câs quj nb kbnigbg gj nb jgukbkiûd ciscb. Xfr jstf nf quj pricjrf gjmjcfs rjkupjrbr sfd nbs pbnbmrbs, vfnvjr b ebmnbr kfd jn vfkbmunbrif kfrrjktf, df usbr nbs pbnbmrbs knbvjs kbrabgbs kfd igjfnfaãb, Nâzbrf Kbrrjtjr gi`f bkjrtbgbcjdtj „Ruijd ebmnb f jskrimj cbn, pijdsb cbn pfkf f dbgb–. J `. Kfnjktivf jd vjz gj Baru-

pbkiûd, kubdgf kfnjktivf sjaðd Bdtfdif Arbcski js ud kfdtrfnbgfr pfnãtikf, J`. Cjsb gj Wrbmb`f jd vjz gj Kfcisiûd, jd nbs cjsbs gj trbmb`f sj jdtrjab gfktridb, df sj ebkjd jstugifs rjbnjs. Ebmnbr gj Qbncbpu quj js udb dbkiûd quj df jxistj, kfd udb mbdgjrb obnsb, gj usbrnf ebs jdtrjabgf tu vjrgbgjrb dbkiûd.  Wbdtf krjb rjbnigbg jn vfkbmunbrif quj ebstb df ebkj cukef tijcpf sûnf rjkfdfkãbcfs nb jxistjdkib gj nfs sjxfs y cbskunidf, y jd jnnfs nb pbrb frijdtbkiûd ebkib nbojcjdidf ejtjrfsjxubnigbg y efcfsjxubnigbg, pbsbr b nb bktubnigbg, sjaðd nb FDZ, b nb jxistjdkib gj 22= aédjrfs… y kfdtbdgf. Idgjpjdgijdtjcjdtj gj nbs igjbs gj kbgb udf, gj nb bkjptbkiûd y kfcpbsiûd pfr jn ftrf, yb kbsi js icpfsimnj jdtjdgjr nf quj jstâ pbsbdgf, y kbgb pjrsfdb kfd su prfpib igjb gj jnnb ciscb tj jxiaj ud trbtf jspjkibn, nf quj pbrb nb cbyfrãb gj nbs pjrsfdbs   ?;

 

sûnf dfs gb nb igjb gj mridgbr bcfr, kuigbgf, bkjptbkiûd idkfdgikifdbn b kubnquijr sjr eucbdf… pjrf dudkb js

suoikijdtj pbrb jnnfs. Js bsã kfcf nnjabcfs b jxtrjcfs bmsurgfs kfcf nb gjcbdgb idtjrpujstb pfr Nb Frabdizbkiûd gj Nimjrbkiûd Efcfsjxubn bdtj jn barbvif suorigf gj pbrtj gjn kujrpf pfnikibn, quijdjs dftioikbrfd jn ebmjr jdkfdtrbgf b „udb cu`jr sid igjdtigbg vifnbgb y bsjsidbgb–, yb quj rjknbcbmbd quj nb vãkticb sj butf pjrkimãb kfcf efcmrj, sijdgf quj df ebmãb ofrcb quj nfs pfnikãbs nf supijrbd.  @udtf kfd nnff bdtjrifr, jstâ jn usf gj nbs pbnbmrbs kfd idgjpjdgjdkib bn aédjrf… rigikunjz quj eb kbcmibgf

sjaðd nbs gioikuntbgjs quj sj njs eb prjsjdtbgf, pbsx gj kbcmibr nxs njtrxs quj idgikbmbd jn aédjrx pfr „jquis–, tbcmiéd pfr „H– gj cbdjrb gj idknuir b bcmHs , pjrf

¶kûcf prfdudkibmbd jsf6 Js beã kubdgf sj njs fkurriû nb ajdibnigbg… tfgjs njs diòjs tjdãbd quj ebmnbr kfd „j–… 

Gjcâs jstâ gjkir quj gikebs „ajdibnigbgjs nidaþãstikbs– df kfrrjspfdgjd b nb kfrrjkkiûd gjn ebmnb, yb quj nb ]BJ js quijd rjaunb gikefs bspjktfs. Jn ebmnb gjtjrcidb jn pjdsbcijdtf, ud mujd divjn gj vfkbmunbrif jdriqujkj dujstrf prfkjsf kfaditivf, nb kfrrjkkiûd gjn njdaub`j idgikb mujd divjn kunturbn y jgukbkifdbn y js nf quj   ?7

 

eby quj prfcfvjr jd dujstrf efabr. Y kfd jstf df sûnf ebmnbcfs gj nfs idsuntfs f cfgiscfs prfpifs gj kbgb pbãs, sidf quj tbcmiéd gj nb vbrijgbg gjn vfkbmunbrif usbgf, nb jnjkkiûd kuigbgb gj nbs pbnbmrbs quj trbdscitirâd gj cj`fr cfgf jn cjdsb`j quj gjsjf jdvibr, jn kuigbgf jd jn trbtf bn ftrf… jd sucb JN OFDGF

CÂ[ RZJ NB OF]CB.  B vjkjs pbrjkijrb quj js câs icpfrtbdtj muskbr nb ofrcb gj idknuir bn ftrf jd sus igjbs, gj df kfdtrbgjkir nbs fkurrjdkibs gj dbgij f df icpnikbr f gbr pfr jdtjdgigf dbgb, quj jn cjdsb`j, pfr nf quj tjrcidbcfs jd udb rjtbeãnb gj pbnbmrbs y orbsjs kbrjdtjs gj sjdtigf pbrb df gjkir sûnf udb pbnbmrb, quj jd sã df tijdj dbgb gj cbnf… yb njs ebmné gjn jxtrbòf tércidf „kujrpf ajstbdtj jd prfyjktf gj cbtjrdigbg– sûnf pbrb gjkir cu`jr j cmbrbzbgb… qué gj cbnf js sjr cu`jr jcmbrbzbgb… y si

tj sijdtjs efcmrj y jstbs jcmbrbzbgb y tj gikjd cu`jr jcmbrbzbgb qué fkurrj pbsb, qué Bpbrjdtjcjdtj si dijabs nb rjbnigbg udb kbcmib6 cbaib gfdgj tfgf sj trbdsofrcb jd nf quj tð quijrjs... pjrf jsf df fkurrj, y jsf orustrb, y kfcf mujd zfcmij  bn  bn df pfgjr kfcmbtir nf fm vif tjrcidb btbkbdgf bn bn quj nf gikj.  Yb tj gi`icfs, jstf sj kfcmbtj kfd bcfr quj js nf kjdtrbn, si ebmnbs ebznf kfrrjktbcjdtj, pjrf tbcmiéd usb nbs   ?:

 

pbnbmrbs kfd bcfr, df djkjsitbs ebmnbr tfgf kfd „J–

pbrb bkjptbr bn ftrf, pbrb vbnfrbrnf f qujrjrnf, RZJ JN OFDGF GJN CJD[B@J [JB NF RZJ ICXF]WJ, y jn ofdgf sijcprj kfdsistj jd jdtrjabr bcfr.

JN KBCXF GJ MBWBNNB XBKIF[.

PFCMIJ 0

NF[ J[-

 Wfgfs nfs sjrjs eucbdfs kfdsigjrbcfs dujstrf efabr kfcf ud rjouaif, ud nuabr gfdgj sjr rjbncjdtj udf ciscf, dujstrf digf. Xbrb jn zfcmij  js  js su pridkipbn kbcpf gj mbtbnnb. Js icpfrtbdtj quj prfarjsivbcjdtj nimjrjs jspbkifs jd tu kbsb, jspbkifs quj pjrcitistj fkupbr pfr jnnfs pbrb jvitbr kfdoniktfs, nimjrbr nfs jspbkifs pbrbpfsimnj sbnvbrnjs su bncb. Xujgj sjr quj nfs cbyfrjs df sjbd gj rj vjrtir, rjskbtbr jspbkifs jvitbrãb jdtrjabr b nfs cjdfrjs, b nfs idcudjs. Jn kfdoniktf pbrb nimjrbr jspbkifs js iaubn quj nukebr kfd ud bgiktf f ud obdâtikf rjniaifsf. Jspbkifs sj rjoijrj b nfs tjcbs quj df sj pujgjd tfkbr sid giskutir f pjnjbr   ??

 

quj kjgistj pfr cbdtjdjr nb pbz, nbs kfcigbs quj yb df sj pujgjd kfcjr, nfs nuabrjs quj yb df pujgjs ir, nbs pjrsfdbs quj yb df pujgjs vjr, nb rfpb quj yb df pujgjs usbr. Jn zfcmij  icpfdj  icpfdj nb bajdgb gj tjcbs, kûcf sj bmfrgbd y qué njdaub`j sj usb. ¶Wu zfcmij  yb  yb pbsû pfr su épfkb vjabdb6, ¶Yb tj nicitû b keistjs gfdgj df tj rãjs gj nfs keikfs, afrgfs, bntfs kf`fs, pjnbgfs, nfkfs, cu`jrjs, jtk6, ¶Yb tj eizf sjdtir kunpbmnj gj quj jn pnbdjtb jsté jd cjgif gj ud kbcmif knicâtikf pfrquj sj tj fkurriû kfcprbr udb absjfsb jd mftjnnb gjsjkebmnj6 Jn jdorjdtbcijdtf df gjmj sjr vifnjdtf, tu zfcmij   tj kfdfkj, sbmj kûcf irritbrtj y qué tjcbs tj bntjrbd.  Bprjdgiû b pfdjr jd nb pbnjstrb tjcbs sjdsimnjs, ggjj jsfs quj udf df pujgj djabr, gjsgj udb pjrspjktivb quj tj gj`b nbs cbdfs btbgbs mb`f pjniarf gj quj tu qujrigf zfcmij  sj   sj vbyb. Ajdjrbncjdtj cijdtj, rjpitj cjdtirbs f jxbajrb situbkifdjs rjbnjs,y quj tj bkfrrbnb pbrb quj df pujgbs djabr nb situbkiûd sjb icpfsimnj df jcpbtizbr kfd jn. Df jdtijdgj rbzfdjs di braucjdtfs. J`. [j cujstrb b obvfr gjn bmfrtf brauyjdgf nb kfdsbmigb eistfrib gj nb pfmrj diòitb gj 5 bòfs bmusbgb pfr su pbgrj y quj df pujgj bmfrtbr pfrquj jn pbtribrkbgf nb fmniab b sjr cbgrj. Rué sjr eucbdf dfrcbn df sj nj gjrrjtirãb jn kfrbzûd kfd jsb tjrrimnj eistfrib, quj pujgj sjr   ?1

 

rjbn. Xjrf df gjmjcfs kbjr jd jstb trbcpb. Jn oid `bcâs `ustioikb nfs cjgifs, y ud kricjd df sj mfrrb mf rrb kfd ftrf. Nb cjdtirb quj tj kujdtbd js udb ofrcb gj cbdipunbkiûd pfnãtikb quj gjmjs bmfrgbr gjsgj nb jcpbtãb, idtjrésbtj pfr nb pfmrj diòitb, forékjtj b bsistirnb, b bkfcpbòbrnf b vjrnb, bsã sj vb kbyjdgf nb cjdtirb. F pujgjs gbrnj cftivfs pbrb quj siab ebmnbdgf, vbs prjaudtbdgf jcpâtikbcjdtj, pigijdgf gjtbnnjs, udb y ftrb vjz pbrb quj vbyb kbyjdgf jd kfdtrbgikkifdjs… jd sucb gjskumrj nb cjdtirb, bn zfcmij   jstf nf jdourjkjrâ

pjrf df kbcmibrâ su visiûd. Xjrf rjkujrgb, jn zfcmij   df js dujstrf tbrajt… js jn Idcudj, js b quijd gjmj s cfstrbr nbs idkfdsistjdkibs y cjdtirbs. Js icpfrtbdtj quj cbdtjdabs tu butfrigbg rjbn gj pbgrj y/f cbgrj jd ud orjdtj kfcðd, gjmjs cbdtjdjr nb kbncb jd tfgf cfcjdtf, df pjrcitir obntbs gj rjspjtf. Bn  vjrsj sfrprjdgigf jd susgbrsj cjdtirbs gj jjdorjdtbr nb rjbnigbg jnnfs prjojrirâd cjgibbdtjs vujntb irsj, J[F DF NF GJMJ[ XJ]CIWI], jrjs tð jn quj gjkigj kuâdgf sj vb, gjmjs jvitbr quj nbs giskusifdjs tjrcidjd cbn, DZDKB GJMJD I][J B GF]CI] F GJ[XJGI][J JDF@BGF[, df icpfrtb si pbrb jnnf gjmjs gj`br nb giskusiûd, pjrf jsf nf gjkigjs tð.   ?5

 

Js icpfrtbdtj giskutir kfd bcfr, f sjb, bn zfcmij  nf   nf rjspjtbs, nj gjcujstrb bcfr kfcf pjrsfdb, kfcf ei`f, nf quj giskutjs sfd nfs ejkefs, nf quj én gikj. Bn zfcmij   gjmjs rjkfdfkjrnj sus kubnigbgjs, pjrf giskutirnj sus cjdtirbs y jrrfrjs, pfrquj jsbs cjdtirbs df sijcprj sjrâd gj én, sidf gj nb igjfnfaãb gj nb quj js vãkticb. [i pujgjs icpnbdtbr udb gugb, budquj sjb pjqujòb jd su giskursf, budquj dudkb nf rjkfdfzkb, jsj js ud éxitf cbyðskunf… pjrf rjkujrgb, df tj ebabs inusifd js, pijdsb quj jn zfcmij  jstâ   jstâ pjrgigf, tijdjs quj ebkjr jstj jdfrcj trbmb`f pbrb jn idcudj. Bgjcâs gj tjdjr jn kfdtrfn gj tu efabr, jn quj cbdj`js tð nfs tijcpfs y nbs giskusifdjs kfd bcfr, js udb cujstrb bn Idcudj gj quj df icpfrtb nf quj ebab sijcprj sjrâ bkjptbgf y qujrigf pfr sus pbgrjs gj ofrcb idkfdgikifdbn, y jsj cjdsb`j jd bnaðd cfcjdtf vb b sbnvbrnf. Jn efabr gjmjs gjojdgjrnf sijcprj, df eby ârjbs prfzfc-  eimigbs f cfcjdtfs jxknuyjdtjs pbrb ti. [i vijdjd mijs  bciafs  bciafs gj tu zfcmij  tð  tð df tijdjs quj gj`brnjs jspbkif nimrj, gjmjs jstbr beã cbrkbgf prjsjdkib. Jvitb quj tu efabr sjb mbsj pfnãtikb pbrb kubnquijr bktivigbg, rjkujrgb quj tfgfs sus bktfs sfd pfnãtikfs y tu kbsb js tu tjcpnf y gj tu obcinib, jn zfcmij   gjmj rjairsj pfr tus dfrcbs, pujrtbs bmijrtbs, dbgb gj grfabs, bnkfefn, kiabrrinnfs, di pjnãkunbs sumigbs gj tfdf, cðsikb, jtk. tð cbrkbs nb pbu  ?9

 

tb. Idtjdtb idtjrbktubr kfd nfs visitbdtjs, jn trbtbcijdtf js jn ciscf quj gjmjs tjdjr pbrb tu zfcmij , df bkjptjs cjdtirbs, di obntbs gj rjspjtf. Js icpfrtbdtj quj jd nb „kbgjdb bnicjdtikib– df icpfrtbdgf nbs jgb gjs, nfs idcudjs jstâd pfr sfmrj jn zfcmij , pfr nf quj jd kbsf gj tjdjr quj gjkigir, sijcprj jn idcudj vb pricjrf. Eby fkbsifdjs quj pujgjs djafkibr, jd jstfs kbsfs jn zfcmij   gjmj abdbrsj jn privinjaif kfd bkkifdjs tbdaimnjs, y rjkfdfkjrnbs gjnbdtj gj tfgfs. J`. [i jn zfcmij  quijrj   quijrj id vitbr bciafs y djafkib pfr jnnf kfrtbr jn pbstf. Zdb vjz quj jstéd sus bciafs kfcjdtbr pfr j`jcpnf quj jn pbtif jstâ nidgf pfrquj jn zfcmij  kfrtû  kfrtû jn pbstf. Js icpfrtbdtj quj jstf df sjb kfdstbdtj, pujstf quj sj pijrgj jn jojktf. Wu icprjgiktiminigbg js ud brcb, yb quj jn zfcmij  pb pbrb cbdj`br b nbs pjrsfdbs nbs jtiqujtb y b ti gjmj kfstbrnj ebkjrnf. Kfrrijdtjcjdtj, jn zfcmij   krjj tjdjr udb sjrij gj gjrjkefs pfr jn sfnf ejkef gj ebmjr dbkigf, y muskb icpfdjrnfs dbgij câs, knbrf quj gjpjdgjsid gjicpfrtbrnj ti si sj nfs ftfrabs, quégjmjs nj gbsgj`brnj y kubdgf. ]jkujrgb quj én js jn ðnticf jd nb kbgjdb bnicjdtikib…

idknusf jn pjrrf pujgj jstbr bdtjs J`. Df pjrcitbs quj oucjd boujrb pfrquj jn pjrrf sj bntjrb, pbrb jnnf pujgjs usbr jd su kfdtrb kfdt rb sus prfpibs brcbs „bdicbnistbs–.   

18

 

Eby jnjcjdtfs quj nb obcinib kfcpbrtj kfcf jn mbòf, jn idtjrdjt, nfs efrbrifs gj kfcigb y sujòf, jn frgjd, nbs tbrjbs kfcudjs, jtk. kbgb udb gj jnnfs gjmjd jstbmnjkjrsj kfdsigjrbdgf bn idcudj y gistrimuyédgfnbs jquitbtivbcjdtj. Kfcf sbmjcfs jn zfcmij   idtjdtbrâ gj tfgbs ofrcbs kfdtbaibr bn idcudj, y nb idkitbkiûd b nb rjmjngãb js su brcb, pbrb nf quj usbrjcfs tfgb dujstrb idonujdkib pbrb nnbcbrnf bn frgjd. [i bmusb gj nb mujdb  vfnudtbg gj su cbgrj pfgjcfs bkusbrnf gj cbkeistb fprjsfr, si df bnicjdtb b nb cbskftb gj krujngbg bdicbn, gj sjr pfkf kfejrjdtj… gjmj qujgbrnj knbrf quj nbs

bkkifdjs tijdjd kfdsjkujdkibs y quj nj kfstbrâ câs fmtjdjr nf quj quijrj. Gjmj sjdtir quj ouj vjdkigf, budquj gj iaubn cfgf ebab nf quj quijrb. Ftrb kfsb quj igjfnûaikbcjdtj tu zfcmij   jstâ prfarbcbgf pbrb ebkjr js idojktbr jn jspbkif. Idtjdtbrâ kfnabr ud pfstjr gj bnaðd „eérfj– rjvfnukifdbrif quj b ti tj

jdojrcj, quj tj vifnjdtb, idtjdtbrâ gjarbgbr nbjn cðsikb jspbkiftrbsarjsfrb rbybdgf pbrjgjs, pnbdtbdgf cbrieubdb, jtk. Dbgb gj jsf gjmjs pjrcitirnf, WZ KB[B  WZ[ ]JANB[, muskb jnjcjdtfs brcûdikfs quj jnjvjd jn jspãritu pbrb tu efabr, bnaf quj cj`frj nfs bcmijdtjs y quj nfs ebab ojniz. Nfs  zfcmijs  bgfrbd   bgfrbd nb ojbngbg y nf gjcfdibkf, df nf pjrcitbs, dudkb gj`js quj jn zfcmij   tj icpfdab bnaf quj tj cfnjstj, sid icpfrtbr gfdgj sjb, yb  

12

 

quj nb ebmitbkiûd gjn zfcmij  js   js pbrtj gj WZ KB[B, df eby nb tbd cjdtbgb privbkigbg gj tus ei`fs, gjmjs sbmjr jd qué jstâd. Df gjmjs bkjptbr icpfsikifdjs gjn zfcmij , yb sjb gj jnjcjdtfs quj tj cfnjstjd f idvitbkifdjs b pjrsfdbs b pjrdfktbr quj df ebs butfrizbgf, jd tu efabr jn zfcmij  df  df sj cbdgb sfnf.

JN IDWJ]KBCMIF [BKIÛD

PFCMIJ 0

KFD_J]-

Nfs tjcbs sj bmfrgbd gjsgj jn bcfr y nfs vbnfrjs trbgikifdbnjs, rjkujrgb quj nb kfcudikbkiûd df sfnf sj gb jd nbs pbnbmrbs sidf quj kfcudikbs kfd tfgfs tus bktfs y jstf icpfdj igjbs jd nb rjbnigbg, df sfnf jd nbs pjrkjpkifdjs. Jnnfs nf vbd b djabr f muskbr ftrf siadioikbgf f ebmnbd gj kbsfs pbrtikunbrjs, tð gjmjs ebkjr tbdaimnj nfs tjcbs quj én ebmnb, J`. Wu cbdioijstbs tu giskfdofrcigbg pfrquj quijdjs prftjstbd qujcbrfd udb ianjsib js cuy prfmbmnj quj jn zfcmij  rjbkkifdjs   rjbkkifdjs kfd udb pfsturb prjobmrikbgb j idstbdtâdjb kfcf kfdtjstbr „b ti tj i cpfrtbd câs udbs tbmnbs pbrbgbs quj nbs pjrsfdbs quj suorjd nf quj df tijdj didaudb kfrrjnbkiûd, yb quj udb kfsb df kfdnnjvb b nb ftrb, didaudb pjrsfdb gj`û gj su 

1=

 

orir y b ti tj icpfrtbd nbs ianjsibs tbdtf kfcf nbs pjrsfdbs quj suorjd… eby quj cfstrbrnj quj dbgb kbcmiû kfd nb ianjsib qujcbgb y quj pbrb gisciduir jn suoricijdtf gj nb ajdtj vbs b rjkfnjktbr rfpb gj bmriaf y nnjvârsjnbs b quijdjs df tijdjd efabr.  _fy b rjpjtir pfrquj js ICXF]WBDWÃ[I ICXF]WBDWÃ[ICF. CF. [j gjmjd tfcbr nfs kbsfs pbrtikunbrjs kfcf tbnjs y rjboircbr nf ajdjrbn, y bn rjvés tbcmiéd. Df sj jvbgjd nfs tjcbs. Jn zfcmij   trbtbrâ gj bmrucbrtj kfd prfmnjcbs y kbsfs, jd ajdjrbn idvjdtbdgf, tjdjcfs quj jdorjdtbrnf b nb rjbnigbg pigijdgf pfr j`jcpnf, kfdfkjr b nb pjrsfdb gj nb quj ebmnb, bdftbr su dfcmrj, pjgirnj jn tjnéofdf jtk. JDO]JDWB]NF B NB ]JBNIGBG, df b su  vjrsiûd igjfnfaizbgb, „GBWF CBWB ]JN ]JNBWF–. BWF–.  Js nãkitf, jsf sã, rigikunizbr jn rjnbtf inûaikf gjn Pfcmij  df  df b én kfcf pjrsfdb, nf quj gikj f ebkj. Nb murnb js kfcf jn b`f bn vbcpirf, df nb sfpfrtbd, sfmrj tfgf si dfs murnbcfs gj sus krjjdkibs, jd jstj kbsf su visiûd js obdâtikb. Cukebs vjkjs tj vbd b kfdtbr eistfribs kfcf si oujrbd dfvjgbgjs friaidbnjs f sfnukifdjs ðdikbs b tfgfs nfs cbnjs, jd jstfs kbsfs eby quj jcfstrbrnjs quj jsf yb eb fkurrigf y eb orbkbsbgf cin vjkjs bdtjs. ]jpitf, jdorjd 

1;

 

tbr bn zfcmi kfd jn cbyfr bcfr gjn cudgf, pjrf df b su kujdtf, jstj gjmj sjr gjstrfzbgf kfd ejkefs y murnb. Js icpfrtbdtj @BCÂ[ gbr kâtjgrbs gj dujstrfs jsoujrzfs, nfarfs, vivjdkibs, jtk., df ebkjd cjnnb jd sus krjjdkibs, si oudkifdb ir b ejkefs eistûrikfs, pjrsfdbs prftbafdistbs gj situbkifdjs quj pujgbd jdtrjabr su tjsticfdif, oftfs, pjnãkunbs bdtiaubs, cjcfribs, jtk. ]jpitf, Bdtj kfsbs quj jn zfcmij   prfpfdj kfcf dfvjgfsf y krjbtivf cfstrbrnj quj yb eb pbsbgf y sus rjsuntbgfs oujrfd cbnfs, f nnjvbrnf b jdorjdtbr jsf kubdgf sjb pfsimnj, GJCF[W]B] RZJ NF RZJ GIKJ J[ BDWIAZF Y DF OZDKIFDB, gbtfs df rjnbtfs, ebkjrnf vjr nb rjbnigbg gj dujvf sid nfs bdtjf`fs gj nb igjfnfaãb, bkuérgbtj quj kfd sjaurigbg df vbs b pfgjr gjsprfarbcbrnf, pjrf kfd jstf pujgjs idonuir idgirjktbcjdtj jd jn idcudj y jvitbr quj sjb kfdtbaibgf. Xfr jsf [IJCX]J GJMJ[ CF[W]B] BCF] BN PFCMIJ,

jstj tfrkigb tj idsuntj trbtjgj id`ustbcjdtj, yb quj jd budquj su cjdtj si ftjtjsbkb kbsinnbs, nf barjgjs, nf kbstiabs, nf jdkijrrbs f nj prfeãmjs pbrtikipbr jd sus bktivigbgjs JN ABDB, yb quj gjcujstrb quj jrjs tfgf nf quj tj bkusb sjr, y jsf nf vjd nfs idcudjs. GJMJ[ X]JGIKB] Y X]BKWIKB] [IJCX]J, df pijrgbs nb pbkijdkib, cuéstrbnj kfd ejkefs quj df nf jstâs barjgijdgf, quj nf bcbs, quj jstâ jquivfkbgf, quj  

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quijrjs kfdvjrsbr y jdtjdgjr nf quj gikj y quj én pujgj trbtbr gj jdtjdgjr nf quj gikjs tð. F@F quj nfs zfcmijs   sijcprj cijdtjd pbrb idtjdtbr prfmbr sus boircbkifdjs, kfdorfdtb nb cjdtirb, df nb gj`js pbsbr dudkb. Jn zfcmij    vb b idtjdtbr nnjvbrtj b su jspbkif sjaurf, j`. Wj rjtb b ir b udb cbrkeb kfd én, si tus ei`fs idcudjs jstâd sijdgf zfcmioikbgfs   kfdvijdj quj vbybs pbrb cfstrbrnj rjbnigbgjs. [i jstj df js jn kbsf, diéabtj b ir, brauyj quj jsf yb nf eikistj, quj yb tj jdorjdtbstj b kbrbmidjrfs, quj jd tu épfkb „jrbd cbrkebs gj vjrgbg– gfdgj Kbrbmidjrfs

usbmbd mbnbs y df baub, y quj df ebmãb pjrsfdbs gj GGEE pbrb gjojdgjrtj. Jd sucb, cidicizb jn cf vicijdtf bktubn, nb gurjzb gj nfs rjmjngjs y nb vbnigjz j icpfrtbdkib gj nb kbusb (kréjcj quj didaudb kbusb bktubn nj abdb b gjrrftbr udb giktbgurb y rjkupjrbr nb gjcfkrbkib f df tjdjr pbrb kfcjr jd jn kbsf gj nb cbrkeb gj nbs kbkjrfnbs rjbn f gj nfs kbcifdjrfs jd jn tijcpf gj nb ZX). Df icpfrtb nb kbusb, eby quj cfstrbrnj quj df jstâd dbgb y di qujtbdsuidtjniajdtjs, kbusb df vbnj quj dfidvjdtbdgf sfd tbd vbnijdtjs, qujcukef, sj pjr`ugikbd jnnfs ciscfs kfd nfs gjscbdjs y df tfkbd b nb butfrigbg, quj aritbd pfr tfgf y kubnquijr kfsb nfs gjscfrfdb, quj sfd kfpitfs gj dijvj.

 

1:

 

ZDB JDF]CJ OZJDWJ GJ IDCZDIGBG0 NF[ BMZJNF[

 Bnaf pricfrgibn js rjkupjrbr jn vbnfr gj nfs bdkibdfs. B nb igjfnfaãb prfarj nfs bdkibdfs njs cfnjstbd, nfs gjsprjkibd, nfs `ûvjdjs bktubnjs nfs trbtbd gj kbgukfs, ejgifdgfs y quj df pujgjd jdsjòbrnjs dbgb ðtin. Jstj gjsprjkif dfs cujstrb quj jnnfs rjprjsjdtbd udb bcjdbzb b su sistjcb, yb quj pujgjd gj cbdjrb sjdkinnb gj`br jd jvigjdkib nfs jdabòfs y cjdtirbs sfmrj jn kubn jstâ kfdstruigb su mbsj igjfnûaikb. Xfr jstf js icpfrtbdtj, quj jstfs vujnvbd b nbs kbsbs, quj nb obcinib nfs kuigj, sj ebabd kbraf gj jnnfs y prfcfvjr quj jstfs jdtrjaujd vivjdkibs, jxpjrijdkibs, kfdfkicijdtfs, eistfribs gj nb obcinib, trbgikifdjs jd tfrdf b jnnfs, jtk. js cuy icpfrtbdtj vfnvjr y/f ajdjrbr nbs trbgikifdjs obcinibrjs, j`. kjdbr `udtfs, budquj kujstj, kujs tj, jr kijrtbs kfsbs, „rjkjtbs gj obcinib– `ujafs gj cjsb, kfc quj nfs diòfs pujgjd bprjdgjr, `udtbrsj b njjr, kfdvjrsbr js nf kjdtrbn jtk.

Eby quj kfdsigjrbr quj nfs pricjrfs jstbgifs gjn gjsbrrfnnf eucbdfs jstâd udigfs b nfs sjdtigfs gjn austf y fnobtf, y quj udf pujgj rjvivir vivjdkibs b trbvés gj brfcbs y sbmfrjs, y nbs „rjkjtbs obcinibrjs– sfd cuy i c 

1?

 

pfrtbdtjs pbrb trbjr bn diòf gj vujntb b cfcjdtfs prj zfcmioikbkiûd , y dfs gb ud pjqujòf jspbkif gj tijcpf pbrb bkjrkbrnf b ud jstbgf cjdtbn y jcfkifdbn obvfrbmnj b dujstrbs idtjdkifdjs, gfdgj pfgjcfs rjkfrgbrnj mujdfs cfcjdtfs y jn bcfr jd quj ouj kribgf. J`. Ruj nb bmujnb nj jdsjòj b ebkjr nbs abnnjtbs quj njs ebkãb kubdgf jrbd pjqujòfs. Xfr jn kfdtrbrif, si eby sbmfrjs y brfcbs quj oi`brfd cfcjdtfs gjsbarbgbmnjs, gfnfrfsfs f kbtbstrûoikfs tbcmiéd gjmjd sjr kfdsigjrbgfs pbrb sjr jvitbgfs, f usbrnfs pbrb rjkfrgbrnj bn diòf quj jd sus pjfrjs cfcjdtfs df jstuvf sfnf. Kbmj gjstbkbr quj js pfsimnj quj, pfr bnaudb kirkudstbdkib, ajdjrbncjdtj gfnfrfsb, jn zfcmij  pujgj   pujgj vfnvjr b sjr tu qujrigf diòitf, prfmbmnjcjdtj pfr pfkf tijcpf. Jd jsfs kbsfs nb obcinib gjmj jstbr beã pbrb gbrnj tfgf su bcfr, bkfajrnf, byugbrnf, gjojdgjrnf, bcbrnf… df

krjbs quj nf rjkupjrbstj, gisorutb jn cfcjdtf y cuéstrbnj bn idcudj quj yebtfgf sigfnftjstiaf nb rjmjngãb, obntb ouj gj rjspjtf, cbntrbtf quj jngjzfcmij    tj jdtrjaû,  tj gjvujntf kfd bcfr gj tu pbrtj. Jsb sjaurigbg js oudgbcjdtbn jd jn outurf gjn idcudj, y sjkrjtbcjdtj pbrb jn zfcmij   tbcmiéd… dudkb fnvigjs quj tu diòitf jstâ i dojktbgf.

 

11

 

¶JN PFCMIJ   WIJDJ KF]BPÛD6... _BNF]BKIÛD GJN EI@F

Gjsgj jn cfcjdtf jd quj jn zfcmij  tj  tj idtjdtb cbdipunbr y zfcmioikbr b sus ejrcbdfs pujgjs kfdstbtbr quj su kfrbzûd jstâ givigigf y tu pbrtj sj jdgurjkj, yb quj idtjdtb qujmrbr b nb obcinib. Xjrf tð df sj nf vbs b pjrcitir, cijdtrbs jsj kfrbzûd bðd pujgb nbtir. Xfr jstf tj rjpitf cin vjkjs quj sfnf jn bcfr pujgj cbdtjdjrnf vivf, jstf js pfnãtikb, nb bdtiaub nukeb gj knbsjs gjn muraués kfdtrb jn prfnjtbrif, sj trbsnbgû b udb nukeb gjdtrf gj tu efabr, jdtrj nbs knbsjs gfcidbdtjs (pbgrjs) kfdtrb nfs gfcidbgfs (ei`fs), f nbs knbsjs fprjsfrbs (cbkeiscf pbtribrkbn) kfdtrb nbs pfmrjs cu`jrjs fpricigbs (dudkb fnvigjs quijd js jn vifnbgfr…)  [j gjmj jvitbr kfdvjrtir bn diòf zfcmioikbgf jd j`jcpnf gj nf idgjsjbmnj y gjmjcfs bnbmbrnj kubnquijr bspjktf pfsitivf pfr cuy pjqujòf quj sjb. Bn diòf idcudj eby quj kuigbrnf, idtjdtbr auibrnf, pjrf tbcmiéd ebkjrnj kbsf, rjkfdfkjrnj sus kubnigbgjs y gbrnj kijrtb butfrigbg  vbnûrikb, pjgirnj fpidifdjs, bpfyf y auãb. [[jrãb jrãb igjbn quj nfs diòfs idcudjs oujrbd auibgfs pbrb quj gjsbrrfnnjd bktivigbgjs brtãstikbs, gjpfrtivbs y/f bktivigbgjs bn birj  

15

 

nimrj kfcf kbcpiscf, skfutiscf, pjskb, jtk. kfd arupfs gfdgj jn nãgjr tjdab jdtrjdbcijdtf, jxpjrijdkib y sjpb jdtrjabrnb, kfcpbrtb bdékgftbs, kfsbs gj idtjrés. Xjrf df fnvigjs kubn js nb kunturb ejajcûdikb gfcidbdtj, tijdjs quj kuigbr cukef gfdgj nfs nnjvjs, tfgf tu trbmb`f df vbngrâ dbgb si sj nfs jdtrjabs jd mbdgj`b bn cbn…

jstb igjfnfaãb eb idojktbgf b arbd pbrtj gj nb sfkijgbg, pfr nf quj sj ebkj icprjskidgimnj muskbr jspbkifs sjaurfs y krjbr dðknjfs gj pjrsfdbs boidjs quj pjrcitbd quj nfs diòfs krjzkbd sijdgf pjrsfdbs gj mijd y kbgb  vjz câs idcudjs b nbs idonujdkibs b nbs quj vbd b sjr jxpujstfs gurbcjdtj jd su vigb outurb. Nb vivjdkib y jxpjrijdkib jd situbkifdjs gfdgj df jstâ jn kfmi`f f kuigbgf bn quj jstâ bkfstucmrbgf jd su kbsb sfd nbs quj câs vbnfrbd, yb quj vivjd udb bvjdturb quj nj gb jxpjrijdkib gj vigb y pjrcitj bpnikbr sus kfdfkicijdtfs quj kicjdtbrâd su kfdoibdzb jd sus kbpbkigbgjs.

JN PFCMIJ ,¶ ,¶ DBKJ F [J EBKJ6... [JUZBNIPBKIÛD

Df sé qué jstâ pbsbdgf, gj vjrbs df jdtijdgf dbgb… qué fkurriû rjpjdtidbcjdtj kfd nfs „jxpjrtfs– quj,

kfdtrb tfgb nûaikb y kbrjdtj gj udb nãdjb braucjdtbtivb  

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f idvjstiabtivb, sj njs fkurriû quj mfcmbrgjbr b nfs diòfs gj tfgbs nbs jgbgjs kfd sjxf vbribgf, jxpnãkitf, gjskfdjktbgf kfd nb rjbnigbg obcinibr f sfkibn jd quj  vivjd, ¶pfgrãb sjr mujdf mu jdf pbrb su gjsbrrfnnf6 Xbsbcfs gj prfarbcbs kfd `fvjdkitbs mbinbdgf kfd rfpb suajrjdtj b prfojsfrjs gjsdugâdgfsj jd knbsjs, trbdsjxubnjs jdsjòbdgf sjxubnigbg jd nb mâsikb, jgukbgfrbs gj pârvunfs ebkijdgf quj diòfs gj 7 bòfs sj tfqujd, sj mjsjd, sj  vistbd kfd rfpb gjn ftrf sjxf. Xujgf jskukebr b nfs prfarjs gikijdgf0 gj`b gj jxbajrbr, kûcf tbd rjtrfarbgf, qué tijdj gj cbnf, nb sukijgbg jstâ jd tu cjdtj… y ftrfs kbkbrjfs pfr jn jstinf. ]jbncjdtj

pujgj sjr, kbpbz quj df sjb cbnf, quj byugj b nfs diòfs b jxprjsbrsj b df sjr cf`iabtfs f b bkjptbr câs bn ftrf, kbpbz q uj uj jsf sjb bsã… pjrf [FY YF kfcf pbgrj f cbgrj quj gjkigf qué y kûcf idstruyf b CI[ EI@F[ sfmrj sjxubnigbg. Df sé si sfy yf nb cbn pjdsbgb, df nf krjf, pjrf ¶Df njs gb nb icprjsiûd quj sûnf jstâd prjpbrbdgf b sus ei`fs pbrb kubdgf nnjauj ud pjgûoinf b trbtbr gj cbdtjdjr rjnbkifdjs sjxubnjs kfd jnnfs, df nbs rjkebkjd6, ¶Ruj df njs pbrjzkb cbn di jxtrbòf6, ¶Ruj njs jstâd gjcfnijdgf su kbpbkigbg gj pjrkimir jn pjniarf kubdgf jxpjricjdtbd sjdsbkifdjs dbturbncjdtj gisjòbgbs pbrb jsf kfcf  

58

 

rjkebzf, bskf, pugfr f vjraþjdzb6 B ci si, y bgjcâs pbrb ci js bnbrcbdtj nb mbdbnizbkiûd gj nbs rjnbkifdjs sjxubnjs, nbs quj bãsnbd tftbncjdtj gjn bcfr y gj nbs kfdsjkujdkibs, sjbd jstbs jn jcmbrbzf f nbs jdojrcjgbgjs gj trbdscisiûd sjxubn. Xfrquj jstjcfs knbrfs, nfs `ûvjdjs df usbd prjsjrvbtivf, df sj kuigbd yb quj jstâd bkfstucmrbgfs b brrjanbr gjsbstrjs bdtjs quj prj vjdir… y tfgb nb sfkijgbg vb ebkib bnnâ. Kfdvjdabcfs quj jn sjxf js pbrtj gj nb vigb, js dbturbn, barbgbmnj y pfsitivf, quj gjmiérbcfs sjpbrbrnf gjn cfrmf y gj nb dfkiûd gj sukijgbg j idgjkjdkib quj nf eb tjòigf gjsgj sianfs. Xjrf gj beã b jnjvbrnf b nfs bntbrjs gj nfs gifsjs ebkiédgfnf prifritbrif jd nb jgukbkiûd gj nfs diòfs, jsf df pujgj tjrcidbr mijd. Kfcf gi`j bdtjs js pbrtj gj nb vigb gj diòfs `ûvjdjs y bguntfs, pjrf df js jn tjcb kjdtrbn gj jstbs. B nfs diòfs eby quj prjpbrbrnfs pbrb nb vigb y b gjsbrrfnnbrsj idtjnjktubn y oãsikbcjdtj bdtjs quj fkupbrsj gj sus rjnbkifdjs sjdticjdtbnjs y sjxubnjs. Xrjvibcjdtj jnnfs tijdjd quj ebmjr boibdzbgf su butfjsticb, su butfvbnfrbkiûd pjrsfdbn, su sjdtigf gj rjspfdsbminigbg y rjspjtf, su jcpbtãb y bsjrtivigbg. Kfd jstf gjsbrrfnnbgf rjkiéd pujgj pnbdtjbrsj rjnbkifdjs sjxubnjs y/f sjdticjdtbnjs sbdbs, kfd diòfs quj pujgjd cbdj`br jn rjkebzf y nb orustrb 

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kiûd, pjrf sfmrj tfgf quj pujgbd cbdj`br nbs kfdsjkujdkibs gj sus bktfs. Kfcf pbgrjs gjmjcfs tjdjr nb prjkbukiûd gj rjvisbr jn cbtjribn jgukbtivf quj jstâ rjquirijdgf jn jstbmnjkicijdtf jgukbkifdbn y jn cidistjrif gj jgukbkiûd, bsã kfcf tbcmiéd nf quj jstâd ebkijdgf nfs prfojsfrjs jd nbs knbsjs y bktivigbgjs kfcpnjcjdtbribs. Yb ebkj ud tijcpf sj eb jdkfdtrbgf quj bnaudfs nimrfs rjqujrigf pbrb diòfs gj giojrjdtjs jgbgjs, sjb gj nb bsiadbturb quj sjb, kfdtijdjd tjcbs, oftfs, bktivigbgjs y kfcjdtbrifs quj df sfd bgjkubgfs pbrb nfs diòfs b nfs quj jstâ giriaigf y kfcf pbgrjs tjdjcfs jn gjmjr gj cbdtjdjrdfs bnjrtbs bdtj jstf. Js djkjsbrif quj jn tjcb t jcb sj vbyb tfkbdgf b nf nbraf gj nb  vigb gjn diòf kfd dbturbnigbg y bgjkubgf b su jgbg. Yf sé quj jstj df js ud tjcb oâkin pbrb tfgfs, y cukefs gj ustjgjs pjdsbrâd quj df sbmjd nf suoikijdtj di nb ofrcb jd quj gjmjd ebmnbrnj b nfs diòfs y quj nfs prfojsfrjs y jn cidistjrif gj jgukbkiûd sbmjd câs quj dfsftrfs… y quizâ jd bnaudfs kbsfs pujgj sjr kijrtf, ¶Xjrf rjbncjdtj krjjd quj nf ebrãbd pjfr si bmfrgbd jn tjcb sjaðd nfs diòfs vbybd prjaudtbdgf y gjsgj jn bcfr quj njs tijdjd6, df nf krjf. [fnf eby quj jvitbr nb vjraþjdzb, ebmnbr gj cbdjrb girjktb, usbdgf nfs tércidfs rjbnjs y

 

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sid sjdtirsj bmrucbgfs di bvjrafdzbgfs y gjsgj keikfs… rjvisjd idtjrdjt, ustjgjs tijdjd nb kbpbkigbg pbrb jdkfdtrbr cbtjribn quj njs pbrjzkb bgjkubgfs, pbrb jsf nfs pbgrjs sfcfs nfs jxpjrtfs. Nf cj`fr js df bpurbr jn tjcb, di tbcpfkf fmvibrnf. [i nfs diòfs jstâd kjdtrbgfs jd gjsbrrfnnbrsj kfcf pjrsfdbs idtjarbnjs, f jd sus ârjbs gj jxpjrtikib jn tjcb jd kujstiûd sjrâ udf câs, jn pjniarf js kubdgf dujstrf pjqujòf df jstâ jd vãbs gj gjsbrrfnnbrsj, f tijdj ud cbn arupf gj bcistbgjs f jxpjricjdtb kfdguktbs jvitbtivbs… Beã sã quj tjdjcfs prfmnjcbs. Kubdgf df tijdj

ftrb pjrspjktivb jn sjxf pujgj sjr nf câs icpfrtbdtj, ajdjrbncjdtj pbsb kfd diòfs quj df prbktikb gjpfrtj, df tfkb bnaðd idstrucjdtf, df tijdj efmmijs, df ebkj  vigb bn birj nimrj, df tijdj gistrbkkifdjs di bvjdturbs… kurifsbcjdtj jn zfcmij  sujnj  sujnj sjr gj jstj tipf gj diòfs.  Y pbrb pjfr befrb ssjj jstâd cjtijdgf kfd nb frijdtbkiûd sjxubn gj dujstrfs diòfs, nfs ebkjd gugbr, nfs idstbd b jxpjricjdtbr, nfs nnjvbd b prfmbrsj, b df rjkebzbr nf quj quijrjd rjkebzbr pfrquj df njs austb y nfs bvjraþjdzbd pfr jsf. Nujaf gj quj nf ebkjd gugbr gj bnaf tbd mâsikf, iddbtf y dbturbn yb pujgjd ebkjrnfs gugbr gj kubnquijr kfsb… ¶Xjrf kûcf sbmjs quj df tj austb si

dudkb ebs prfmbgf6... js nb ofrcb gj idstiabkiûd prjojrigb gj nfs zfcmijs , y nb rjspujstb js tbd sicpnj kfcf  

5;

 

rigãkunb js nb prjaudtb. Gj ejkef, jn bmsurgf df sj sfstijdj bdtj sus ciscfs pfstunbgfs. Nb prjaudtb ebmnb gj austfs, kfd nf quj nb sjxubnigbg sjrãb udb fpkiûd y df udb frijdtbkiûd kfcf jnnfs ciscfs prfpuadbd gj cbdjrb bmsfnutb. Xjrf, jd oid, ¶Df njs vbcfs b pjgir kfejrjdkib df6 Kubdgf jn zfcmij   jsaricj jn tjcb sjxubn jd tu efabr, ajdjrbncjdtj nf ebkj pbrb idtrfgukir jn kfdoniktf, kfcf udb ofrcb gj jxeimirtj jd udb vitridb gj icpjrojkkiûd, pbrb btrimuirtj bktitugjs suskjptimnjs gj sjr jtiqujtbgbs kfcf quj jrjs efcfoûmikf, sjxistb, jdojrcf, rjtrfarbgf jtk. (dudkb fnvigjs quijd js jn vifnbgfr…) y kfd jsf tj gjskfdoircb, pijrgjs butfrigbg, y „fmniab– b tu qujrigf zfcmij  b   b muskbr b ftrfs rjojrjdtjs jd quizâ qué

mbsurjrf. [u idtjdkiûd js cfstrbrnj bn idcudj quj df sirvjs, quj djkjsitb muskbr ftrfs rjojrjdtjs. Nb cbdjrb gj jdorjdtbr jstj tjcb js iaubn b nf yb gikef0 Gjsgj jn bcfr bn zfcmij   y b nb eucbdigbg, pjrf kfd  vbnfrjs. Xbrtjs bkjptâdgfnf idkfdgikifdbncjdtj kfcf pjrsfdb, cfstrâdgfnj su rjbnigbg, df kbiabs jd nb murnb di jd jn grbcbtiscf, pfd jn tjcb jd kfdtjxtf, jdobtizb quj js câs icpfrtbdtj quj sjb tbnjdtfsf, jgukbgf, bcbmnj, mujdb pjrsfdb, y quj su sjxubnigbg js sûnf ud bspjktf câs.  

57

 

Js icpfrtbdtj quj kfdfzkbs b nbs pbrj`bs gjn zfcmij , muskbr quj kfcpbrtbd jd tu kbsb nf câs quj pujgbd, pjrf jd tu kbsb eby dfrcbs knbrbs, nbs pujrtbs df sj kijrrbd, y tu kbsb df js ud cftjn. Js icpfrtbdtj kuigbr quj jn zfcmij   df nnjvj bn idcudj b nuabrjs sûrgigfs f pjniarfsfs bn trbtbr gj cfstrbrsj gj cjdtj bmijrtb, tfnjrbdtj y cbadâdicf kfd nbs giojrjdkibs, y si nf ebkj tjdgrâs quj tjdjr kfdvjrsbkifdjs sjribs kfd udb mbsj kfcprjdsivb, kjdtrâdgfsj jd nf eucbdf gj nf quj tj prjaudtj, ebznf kfd mfdgbg, gj cbdjrb quj gjrrimjs nb icbajd quj jn zfcmij  kfdstruyû  kfdstruyû gj ti.

[I XB]JKJ ZDB ]F[B, EZJNJ B ]F[B, WIJDJ J[XIDB[ GJ ]F[B, JDWFDKJ[ J[ ZD KFEJWJ!!! NB ]JBNIGBG XB]B JN PFCMIJ  

Dudkb gjmjs fnvigbr quj jn zfcmij   js obnsf gjsgj su mbsj, nb cbyfr pbrtj gj nf quj sbnj gj su mfkb js udb rjpjtikiûd butfcâtikb gj udb sjrij gj pbdonjtfs igjfnûaikfs, eistfribs kfdstruigbs kfd idtjdkiûd gj cbdipu-

 

5:

 

nbr nb rjbnigbg y b nfs gjcâs, f cjdtirbs idvjdtbgbs pfr jn ciscf zfcmij  kubdgf  kubdgf df tijdj cbdjrb gj euir gj udb kfdorfdtbkiûd kfd nb rjbnigbg. Kbgb tjcb tijdj jstbmnjkigb eistfribs, udb ofrcb gj bmfrgb`j y ud sjt gj rjspujstbs kfd jn oid gj jvitbr quj nb giskusiûd tfcj rucmfs df kfdvjdijdtjs pbrb nb igjfnfaãb. Y si df nj bnkbdzb kfd jsf, tu zfcmij  sj  sj irâ gikijdgf quj df quijrj ebmnbr gjn tjcb. Df gj`js quj sj jvbgb, si pusf jn tjcb df gj`js quj nf tjrcidj kubdgf én quijrb, jsb js nb sjcinnb gjn kfdoniktf pbrb quj jn idcudj bprjdgb. Kbgb tjcb gjmj sjr kfdorfdtbgf kfdstruyjdgf udb eistfrib rjbn kfd mbsj b jxpjrijdkibs y kfdfkicijdtf quj kfdtrbstjd kfdstbdtjcjdtj nbs cjdtirbs, gj cfgf quj jn idcudj sj gé kujdtb gj jstf gj g j cbdjrb vikbrib. Jn prfarjsiscf eb bgijstrbgf b tu zfcmij  pbrb  pbrb quj dudkb pijrgb udb giskusiûd, pbrb nf kubn vb b jkebr cbdf b kubnquijr rjkursf, idknusf nb pjnjb, gfdgj sj quj`brâ gj tu barjsivigbg. Nb giskusiûd js usbgb pbrb gjskbnioikbrtj, tj nnjdbrâ gj jtiqujtbs, gjojktfs y cbnbs idtjdkifdjs, icpfdijdgf pudtfs gj vistb quj sbmj df tfnjrbrâs, yb quj trbsarjgjd nfs vbnfrjs y pridkipif quj ebs prbktikbgf tfgb tu vigb. J`0 Zd tjcb rjkurrjdtj js jn gjn bmfrtf, df icpfrtb jn pudtf gj vistb sijcprj eby udb kbrtb mb`f nb cbdab, si df usb nb cbdigb eistfrib gj nb diòitb vifnbgb  

5?

 

pfr su pbgrj quj qujgb jcmbrbzbgb, usbrâ situbkifdjs cuy jxkjpkifdbnjs y kbrabgb gj grbcbtiscf, y câs jdkicb gjojdgjrâ nb vigb gikijdgf quj eby quj sbnvbr b nb cbgrj gj bmfrtfs knbdgjstidfs pfrquj jn ojtf df js pjrsfdb ebstb quj dbkj, f quj js ud arupf gj kénunbs, f pbrtj tuyb kfcf ud nudbr f quistj…, y gj cbdjrb jsku rrigizb y cbòfsb tj irâ nnjdbdgf gj kfdsiadbs y orbsjs pbdonjtbribs ebstb jn kbdsbdkif, gfdgj gj sjaurf tjrcidbrâ ebmnbdgf gj nfs gjrjkefs y gj quj df jdtijdgjs dbgb. Eby udb sjrij gj kiorbs cjdtirfsbs quj pujgjd sjr kfdtrbstbgbs si tj tfcbs nb cfnjstib gj muskbrnbs, y gj jsb cbdjrb nnjvbs jsj giskursf b nb rjbnigbg kfd ejkefs df kujdtfs, rjpitf GBWF CBWB ]JNBWF. Kfcf yb tj gi`j bdtjs, df krjbs pfr ud sjaudgf quj tu zfcmij  vb  vb b gbrsj kujdtb gj nbs obnbkibs quj jnnfs gikjd, pjrf jn idcudj bðd pujgj gbrsj kujdtb, y pujgj vbnfrbr nf quj js ud ei`f pbrb udb cbgrj y jn nbzf quj jxistj jdtrj jnnfs. [i pusistj btjdkiûd jd nb pricjrb pbrtj gj jstj cbdubn, kubdgf ebmnbcfs gj nbs idtjdkifdjs y cjgifs gjn cbrxiscf kunturbn, tj bkfrgbrâs gj quj nb idtjdkiûd gj nb izquijrgb js krjbr udb dujvb eistfrib kfdstruigb jd mbsj b nb gjsbkrjgitbkiûd gj nb vjrgbg, gjsprjkif pfr nfs gbtfs, y vbnfrizbkiûd gj nb sjdsbkiûd prfpib pbrb jnjvbrnb b divjn gj vjrgbg bmsfnutb.  

51

 

Nfs zfcmijs   sujnjd sjr bgejrjdtjs gj igjbs „djw baj– gj arbd bkjptbkiûd cbsivb pfr su sicpnikigbg y rjsuntbgfs idcjgibtfs sid jsoujrzf. Jstbs ebd sigf prfpbabgbs pfr rjvistbs, nimrfs y gfkucjdtbnjs kfcf pfr j`jcpnf „Jn [jkrjtf–, gfdgj nb mbsj pbrb kfdsjauir nf quj nbs pj rsfdbs gjsjbd df sj rjnbkifdb kfd jn jsoujrzf, trbmb`f, pnbdjs f cjtbs, sidf kfd „gjkrjtbr– y jn „Zdivjrsf câaikbcjdtj ebrâ tus gjsjfs rjbnigbg–, ¡Rué cbrbvinnb!

¡Y yf kfcf tfdtb trbmb`bdgf! Ftrfs jnjvbd b udb knbsj jspjkibn b nfs `ûvjdjs dbkigfs jd jstb épfkb, nfs ciscfs quj sj ebd butfgjdfcidbgf diòfs ãdgiaf, kristbn, cinnjdibn, ajdjrbkiûd U, Y, P, Bspjraujr y kubnquijr ftrb quj njs gé udb obnsb sjdsbkiûd gj sjr jspjkibnjs sûnf pfr jn ejkef gj ebmjr dbkigf kubdgf nf eikijrfd… y dbgb câs. Js bsã kfcf nfs zfcmijs jstâd kfdvjdkigfs gj sjr

jspjkibnjs, quj nf sbmjd tfgf, quj ebd nnjabgf bn cudgf b gbrdfs njkkifdjs bn rjstf gj nfs iadfrbdtjs cfrtbnjs quj vivjd prâktikbcjdtj jd nbs kbvjrdbs. Y jsb kfdvikkiûd nfs ebkj qujrjr cbdj`br kbgb cinãcjtrf gjn jspbkif gispfdimnj. Js bsã quj pbrb jn zfcmij  quj   quj nukeb pbrb sbn vbr jn cjgif bcmijdtj tijdj kf kfcf cf câxicb idspirbkiûd b Arjtb Weudmjra, quj vb pfr jn cudgf quj`âdgfsj y kunpbdgf b nfs gjcâs pfr jstfs prfmnjcbs, cijdtrbs quj diòfs kfcf ]ybd Eiklcbd gj 1 bòfs quj eb kfdstruigf ud djafkif gj rjkiknb`j, f Mfybd [nbt quj b nfs 2? bòfs  

55

 

igjû ud sistjcb pbrb btrbpbr mbsurb pnâstikb gjn fkébdf, di siquijrb nfs kfdsigjrbd. Js icpfrtbdtãsicf bnj`br b nfs diòfs gjn pjdsbcijdtf câaikf, js pricfrgibn quj jnnfs gjsgj nb câs tijrdb idobdkib bprjdgbd b cbdipunbr jn cudgf, jxpjricjdtbr, ebkjr kijdkib, idvjstiabr y jnicidbr jn „yf krjf, cj g i`jrfd, gikjd, jtk–. Xfkf b pfkf tjdjcfs quj kfdstruir bn

kfdkjptf gj _J]GBG, kfcf trbskjdgjdtj b nb fpidiûd f jxpjrijdkib pjrsfdbn, sidf quj jn kfd`udtf gj kfdfkicijdtfs kfdstruigfs pfr nb jxpjricjdtbkiûd kfdstbdtj kfd rjsuntbgfs kfdoircbgfs rjpjtigbcjdtj pfr idducjrbmnjs pjrsfdbs. Xfr nf quj js pricfrgibn jstbmnjkjr jn kfdkjptf gj vjrgbg, df „ci vjrgbg f tu vjrgbg–, jsbs sfd vjrsifdjs gj nb vjrgbg, udb ofrcb nidgb gj nnbcbr b nb cjdtirb f b nb vjrgbg b cjgibs.

WBDWF WJ ICXF]WB RZJ [JB ¶BE6

PFCMIJ …

Jstj bspjktf js udf gj nfs câs gioãkinjs gj bsicinbr pbrb ud idgiviguf kfcðd, quj eb gjmigf ebkjrsj ud jspbkif jd jstb vigb y bkjptbgf quj df sijcprj ebkjcfs nbs kfsbs mijd, y pbrb nfs jrrfrjs eby kfdsjkujdkibs. [i idtjd 

59

 

tbcfs jdtrbr jd nb cjdtj zfcmij   udfs cidutfs, dfs gbrjcfs kujdtb quj jstj idgiviguf js vãkticb gj jstj cudgf quj nf ebkj suorir ud tfrcjdtf sid oid, y quj sus pbgrjs sfd nfs kunpbmnjs gj jsj gfnfr, si bgjcâs tuvijrfd jn btrjvicijdtf gj ebkjr quj nnjaujs bn cudgf kfcf ud efcmrj mnbdkf gj knbsj bkfcfgbgb… kréjcj tu

kunpb tjdgrâ gicjdsifdjs mãmnikbs y tu kbstiaf rjonj`brâ tu pjkbgf, y jn zfcmij   vb b sjr jn jdkbrabgf gj quj nf pbaujs kbgb cidutf gj tu jxistjdkib. Y bsã, gjsgj su kfscfvisiûd gj vãkticb vjdabgfrb gjn bmusf, kbgb gãb tjdgrâ dujvfs fm`jtivfs0 Kfnûd pfr jn suoricijdtf gj nfs pujmnfs friaidbrifs y nb gjstrukkiûd gj nb dbturbnjzb, bn sfn pfr bkfsbr b nb nudb, tu cbgrj pfr df jstbr b obvfr gjn bmfrtf… kubnquijr kfsb. Y kfcf bgjcâs jxistj ud

rbdlida gj vãkticb, nfs quj tijdjd câs pudtb`j ebkjd pbabr b nfs quj tijdjd cjdfs… y js bsã quj ejcfs vistf b cu`jrjs borfgjskjdgijdtjs (djarbs) njsmibdbs pfmrjs jcmbrbzbgbs nj jxiajd kfd vifnjdkib b cu`jrjs mnbdkbs njsmibdbs pfmrjs jcmbrbzbgbs quj … [J GI[KZNXJD KFD JNNB[…. [ã, js kijrtf…. XF] EBMJ] DBK I-

GF MNBDKB[ Y NF[ X]I_INJAIF[ RZJ J[F KFDNNJ_B…. Befrb, si jrjs efcmrj mnbdkf prfojsifdbn, cinnfdbrif, jxitfsf y kfdsjrvbgfr, tj kujdtf quj jrjs jn keivf jxpibtfrif gj WFGF JN ]J[WF GJN CZDGF.  

98

 

Js udb kbrbktjrãstikb gjn zfcmij   jn frabdizbrsj jd „efrgbs gj pjdsbcijdtf–, arupfs gj zfcmijs  quj   quj kfcpbrtjd sus vivjdkibs y krjjdkibs y quj bktðbd sfofkbdgf kubnquijr pjdsbcijdtf quj pujgb tjdjr ud zfcmij   gj cfgf idgjpjdgijdtj quj gjsbkfcfgj f kujstifdj jsb  visiûd foikibn, kfd nf quj jn gisigjdtj vujnvj rbugbcjdtj b nb kfrrijdtj gjsjkebdgf kubnquijr idgikif gj eucbdigbg. Gj jsj cfgf, pbrb sfnigioikbr jsb udiûd oérrjb, y rjspfdgijdgf b su ofrcb gj vjr jn cudgf sj krjbd idducjrbmnjs jdjciafs bdtj kubnquijr ofrcb giojrjdtj gj  vjr nbs kfsbs, kfsioikâdgfnfs b trbvés gj jtiqujtbs. Bsã, bgjcâs gj icpfsiminitbr quj jn zfcmij  tjdab   tjdab bntjrdbtivbs, sj bsjaurb gisjcidbr nb kunpb, ajdjrbdgf udb fnb `ustikijrb ajdjrbn. Js icpfrtbdtj jd nb ofrcbkiûd vbnûrikb gj dujstrfs ei`fs, y câs bðd jd nb ofrcbkiûd gjn Idcudj, cfstrbr knbrbcjdtj bspjktfs kfcf nb rjspfdsbminigbg y nbs kfdsjkujdkibs gj dujstrfs bktfs, jn bktubr gj mujdb oj, auibgf pfr nfs vbnfrjs quj njs ejcfs idkunkbgf. Xjrf jn sjr eucbdf dudkb jstâ jxjdtf gj jrrfrjs y tbcmiéd gj cbnbs gjkisifdjs, y jstj js jn cfcjdtf gfdgj forjkjr udb giskunpb js oudgbcjdtbn y vânigf. Xfr nf tbdtf, jn pjgir pjrgûd f nbs giskunpbs sfd XJ][FDBNJ[, prfguktf gj nbs prfpibs bkkifdjs ejkebs kfd gfnf f kunpb. Df sj  

92

 

gjmj jxiair giskunpbs b bnauijd pfr ebmjr dbkigf gfdgj nf eizf, tjdjr nbs kbrbktjrãstikbs oãsikbs quj tijdj, jtk. Ftrf tjcb quj sj eb icpujstf js nb obntb kfdkijdkib gj nb giojrjdkib jdtrj tjdjr pjdsbcijdtfs y pjdsbr kfd prfoudgigbg. Wjdjr pjdsbcijdtfs js ud ejkef dbturbn, icpbrbmnj, butfcâtikf sid quj kfdnnjvj fm`jtivfs f rjsfnukiûd gj kfdoniktfs. Jd kbcmif, pjdsbr kfd prfoudgigbg icpnikb jn usf gj nb rbzûd, jn bdânisis gj udb situbkiûd, ud kijrtf giânfaf jdtrj bntjrdbtivbs, ud gjskjdtrbcijdtf jd jn sjdtigf gj gjsboibr nbs krjjdkibs prfpibs y jstbr gispujstf b cfgioikbrnbs. Jn zfcmij  pfsjj   pfsjj udb jstrukturb gj krjjdkibs cfdfnãtikb krjbgb pfr nb rjpjtikiûd gj kfdkjptfs y cbdtjdigb mâsikbcjdtj pfr nb efrgb y su jojktf banutidbgfr tbdtf pfr btrbkkiûd kfcf pfr bcjdbzb. Jn cbdj`f gj tu zfcmij  kfcijdzb   kfcijdzb bn jdkbusbr su idajduigbg, mfdgbg j igjbniscf ebkib ud fm`jtivf CB]B_INNF[F, quj sfnukifdbrãb tfgfs nfs prfmnjcbs, vi virãbcfs jd brcfdãb jdtrj dfsftrfs y nb dbturbnjzb, gjstruirãb jn cbn y bsjaurbrãb nb ojnikigbg gj tfgfs, y jsj fm`jtivf js…. NB IAZBNGBG.  Nidgf, ¶DF6, pjrf tijdj ud pjqujòf gjtbnnj… ¡¡¡J[

ICXF[IMNJ!!!, df eby kfcf nfarbrnf, nfs sjrjs eucbdfs sfcfs dbturbn j idtrãdsjkbcjdtj giojrjdtjs, y js pbrtj gj nb cbrbvinnb gj dujstrb jspjkij, pfr nf quj jsj  

9=

 

fm`jtivf js udb ZWFXÃB, quj tijdj bsjaurbgf jn orbkbsf y jn rjsjdticijdtf, pfr nf tbdtf, NB ]J_FNZKIÛD. Y bsã vjcfs quj tfgb nb jdjraãb gjn zfcmij  jstâ   jstâ jd mfrrbr nbs giojrjdkibs, WFGB[, idknusivj nbs mifnûaikbs, y js pfr jsf quj rjquijrjd gj udb rjidajdijrãb prfoudgb quj bojktj tfgfs nfs âcmitfs. Wu zfcmij  pbrtj   pbrtj gj nf supjroikibn, kbcmib su bpbrijdkib, sj igjdtioikb kfd ud arupf y bgfptb udb bpbrijdkib quj nf rjonj`b. Xbrbgû`ikbcjdtj sj sijdtj idgiviguf, kubdgf pijrgj su idgivigubnigbg. Jstb pjrtjdjdkib b ud arupf kfdnnjvb ud sistjcb gj krjjdkibs quj nicitb sus jnjkkifdjs y bntjrdbtivbs ebstb gjsbpbrjkjr tfgf nf quj df sj jdkujdtrb gjdtrf gj nf bkjptbgf. Nb cj`fr cbdjrb gj kfcmbtir jsb ofrcb gj jdorjdtbr nb  vigb, js kjdtrbr b dujstrfs ei`fs ei `fs jd ud fm`jt fm`jtivf ivf rjbn. Nfs diòfs dbturbncjdtj vbd cfstrbdgf idknidbkifdjs y austfs gjsgj cuy pjqujòfs y cukebs vjkjs jstfs austfs  vbd kbcmibdgf jd jn tijcpf, pjrcitiédgfnj bucjdtbr su kbugbn gj kfdfkicijdtfs y jxpjrijdkib. Xfr nf quj sj ebkj djkjsbrif, sfmrj tfgf jd jn kbsf gjn Idcudj, cbdtjdjr udb viainbdkib gjn jdofquj gj nb vigb gj dujstrfs diòfs. Eby fkbsifdjs quj jnnfs sj kjdtrbd jd utfpãbs, ftrbs pijrgjd tfgf ofkf y vbd b nb gjrivb, js icpfrtbdtj tjdjr knbrf quj nb mbsj gjn gjsbrrfnnf gj nb rbzûd y gjn pjdsbcijdtf krãtikf js jn tjdjr ud kjdtrf, ud fm`jtivf jd nb vigb ebkib jn kubn vbd giriaigfs dujstrfs pnbdjs, cjtbs  

9;

 

y jsoujrzfs, b obntb gj jstj ofkf kubnquijr kfsb pujgj nnbcbr su btjdkiûd… y kubnquijrb pujgj nnjdbr sus kbrjdkibs. Krjf quj df ejcfs sfpjsbgf nb rjbn icpfrtbdkib gj nbs krjjdkibs jd dujstrb vigb. [i nf cirbcfs mijd, js cukef câs quj udb sjrij gj kfdkjptfs quj dfs auãbd jd dujstrfs prfpûsitfs y gjkisifdjs, nbs krjjdkibs tbcmiéd riajd dujstrb mifnfaãb. Xiédsbnf mijd, icbaãdbtj ud gãb nnjabdgf jd nb dfkej b tu kbsb, cijdtrbs muskbs nb nnbvj pbrb bmrir nb pujrtb y jdtrbr sijdtjs pbsfs gjtrâs tuyf… y bquã sj gispbrbd nbs pfsiminigbgjs… si vivjs jd ud nuabr

trbdquinf gfdgj tus vjkidfs sfd tus bciafs y sujnjd ir b bkfcpbòbrtj kubdgf nnjabs, nb prfmbminigbg gj quj tj pfdab ojniz js bntb, y jn frabdiscf gispbrb efrcfdbs y djurftrbdscisfrjs quj ebkjd quj nfs cðskunfs sj rjnb`jd y jd jn kjrjmrf sj bktivbd bnaudbs ârjbs y sj gjsbktivbd ftrbs, tu kfrbzûd trbmb`b gj udb ofrcb, tu jstûcbaf jtk. Jd kbcmif, si ebs jstbgf vijdgf pjnãkunbs gj bsjsidbtfs, bgjcâs eb ebmigf bsbntfs jd tu mbrrif nb kfsb pbrb ti sjrâ tftbncjdtj giojrjdtj, df js jn jstãcunf nf quj prfvfkû tu oudkifdbcijdtf mifnûaikf, oujrfd tus krjjdkibs… y di siquijrb pujgj sjr bnaf rjbn, pujgjs i cbaidbr quj tijdjs udb cbngikiûd quj df tj pjrcitj sjr ojniz y tu cjdtj sj kfcpfrtbrâ gj nb cbdjrb jd quj tð krjjs quj oudkifdb jsb cbngikiûd.  

97

 

Idtjdtb pjdsbr kfcf ud zfcmij , jrjs vãkticb gjn pbtribrkbgf y jn kbpitbniscf gjprjgbgfr, jn pfgjr tj giskricidb, nfs pfgjrfsfs tj prfvfkbd y tj rjpricjd kubdgf tj cf vinizbs. Wus pbgrjs ebkjd nf ciscf jd tu kbsb, y b pjsbr gj quj tð jrjs pbkãoikf y sbmjs câs quj jnnfs df tijdjs jn pfgjr y tj ebkjd suorir bn icpfdjrtj rjspfdsbminigbgjs, bud kubdgf df pjgistj dbkjr, y bud bsã tð nfs quijrjs sbnvbr y jnnfs sûnf tj kbstiabd… mujdf, y cukef câs.

Kfd jstb ofrcb gj pjdsbr, kbgb kfsb quj tu ebkjs kfcf pbgrj, js siadioikbgb pfr jn zfcmij  sjaðd  sjaðd nf quj jstâ prfarbcbgf pbrb pjdsbr kfd rjnbkiûd b tu pfsikiûd y ajdjrb nfs cjkbdiscfs gjojdsivfs mifnûaikfs kfdkfcitbdtjs b su idtjrprjtbkiûd gj tus bkkifdjs. [i tijdjs jn pfgjr y nfs privinjaifs gj sjr efcmrj f cu`jr mnbdkb dbgb mujdf jspjrbd gj ti, sûnf rjboircbr su pfgjr y rjpricirtj… df icpfrtb nf quj sjb, df icpfrtb nf quj jxpniqujs, di tus fm`jtivfs… bnj`âdgfsj tftbncjdtj gj nb rjbnigbg b divjnjs rigãkunfs. Xjrf kbncb, jstf pujgj cfgioikbrsj. Nb cbyfrãb gj nbs krjjdkibs sj ebd igf jgioikbdgf b trbvés gj nb vigb pfr kfdfkicijdtfs y jxpjrijdkibs quj ejcfs igf kfdtrbstbdgf jd jn cudgf rjbn y b cjgigb quj sjbd jxitfsbs nbs ejcfs igf rjpitijdgf ebstb ebkjrsj ebmitubn y oudkifdbr gj cfgf butfcâtikf. Jsf dfs pjrcitj befrrbr jdjraãb quj usbcfs pbrb jxpjricjdtbr situbkifdjs duj 

9:

 

 vbs, krjbr, bprjdgjr, prfyjktbr, prfyjktbr, sfòbr jtk. pjrf jd kijrtfs cfcjdtfs pujgj fkurrir quj bnaudb krjjdkib yb df sjb ðtin pbrb dujstrb situbkiûd bktubn, ud j`jcpnf sjdkinnf gj jstf js kubdgf dfs kbcmibcfs gj kbsb y gjmjcfs pjdsbr kfdskijdtjcjdtj jd jn kbcidf quj tjdjcfs quj tfcbr pbrb ir b dujstrb dujvb kbsb… ¶Kuâdtbs vjkjs

tfcbcfs jn kbcidf bdtiauf6 Wbdtbs vjkjs kfcf jstjcfs gistrbãgfs f pjdsbdgf jd ftrbs kfsbs… pjrf

nujaf gj ud tijcpf gjsbprjdgjcfs jn eâmitf gj ir pfr kijrtbs rutbs quj yb df dfs sirvjd y bprjdgjcfs nbs ðtinjs ebstb quj sj ebkj ebmitubnjs. Nf ciscf pbsb kfd nb cjdtj gj dujstrfs diòfs. Wjdjcfs quj krjbr eâmitfs pfsitivfs jd dujstrf Idcudj, y kfrrjair kfdguktbs idkipijdtjs quj nf nnjvjd b ofrcbr eâmitfs gjstruktivfs, j`. Zsf gj sãcmfnfs, vjrsifdjs gj eistfribs, njdaub`j, kfdkjptfs, gjsvibkifdjs gj vbnfrjs trbgikifdbnjs, jtk. jd jstj kbsf sj gjmj kfrrjair nb kfdguktb, krjjdkib, jrrfr, f nf quj sjrâ gj idcjgibtf y rjofrzbr nb krjjdkib dujvb ebstb quj dftjcfs quj sj prjsjdtb jspfdtâdjbcjdtj y sj  visnucmrb trbs nfs kfcpfrtbcijdtfs gjn Idcudj. Idcudj. Xjrf df js sûnf kbcmibr udb igjb pfr ftrb, sj gjmj auibr bn diòf jd nb kfdstrukkiûd gj ud prfkjsf gj pjdsbcijdtf rjbn, idtjniajdtj, quj ebab bn Idcudj ud nimrj pjdsbgfr, quj yb df tj djkjsitj pbrb df gjsvibrsj gjn mujd kbcidf, df icpfrtb si jstâs gj bkujrgf kfd én f df. Js  

9?

 

krjbr ud prfkjsf cjdtbn idgjpjdgijdtj, gfdgj kfdtrfnjs tu cjdtj pbrb nfarbr tus fm`jtivfs, gfdgj tus kfdfkicijdtfs y jxpjrijdkib sj oudgjd jd ud cbrkf cjdtbn prfpif quj tj nnjvb b gûdgj quijrjs nnjabr. Idikibncjdtj nb pricjrb arbd auãb js jn sistjcb gj vbnfrjs quj riaj tu  vigb y nb gj tu obcinib, si jstâ mijd boibdzbgf js ud cbrkf pfsitivf icmbtimnj y giabd nf quj giab, krjbd f df jn cj`fr sistjcb gj vbnfrjs js jn quj eb rjaigf b nb kunturb fkkigjdtbn. Gjmjcfs auibr b dujstrf Idcudj jd sus prfkjsfs, cukebs vjkjs tjdgrjcfs quj cfstrbrnj jn dujstrf, jn kûcf nnjabcfs b kijrtbs kfdknusifdjs, jd rjkfdfkjr dujstrfs jrrfrjs y jdcjdgbrnfs, jd nb cbdjrb jd quj idtjarbcfs kfdfkicijdtfs dujvfs, jd nb ofrcb quj dfs bgbptbcfs b situbkifdjs gjskfdfkigbs, gjskfdfki gbs, jtk. Gj nb ciscb ofrcb jd quj cfstrbcfs nb ofrcb jd quj kfdstruicfs dujstrbs krjjdkibs, pfgjcfs bdbnizbr nbs krjjdkibs gjn zfcmij , muskbr nfs braucjdtfs jd quj sj mbsbd, jvbnubrnfs, muskbr bntjrdbtivbs y sjr kbpbkjs gj rjbnizbr udb krãtikb kfd oudgbcjdtfs quj icpnikbrâ jd quj jn Idcudj rjbnikj jn ciscf j`jrkikif bdtj kubnquijr idtjdtf gj bgfktridbcijdtf. DF NJ XIGB[ RZJ WJ K]JB, ID_ÃWBNF B BDBNIPB] KFDWIAF, nnévbnf b quj tjdaf ud prfkjsf gj pjdsbcijdtf sûnigf.

 

91

 

Kubdgf ud sjr pjdsbdtj pfsjj ud sistjcb gj krjjdkibs butûdfcf, kfd ud prfkjsf joikijdtj gjtrâs, kfcprjdgj quj js én y sûnf én quijd kfdtrfnb sus pjdsbcijdtfs y dbgij câs… pbrjkj nûaikf ¶kijrtf6 Xbrjkj, pjrf df sijcprj oudkifdb bsã jd jn cudgf zfcmij . Ebs jskukebgf orbsjs kfcf „Nf quj gi`istj cj fojdgj–, „Wus pbnbmrbs cj ebkjd sjdtir cbn– „Cj bntjrb tu pbsivigbg–, „Cj gj`bs jd rigãkunf– „Kûcf pujgjs pjdsbr bsã–… y

ftrbs cinjs quj tijdjd kfcf igjb oujrzb gjtrâs quj ftrf js rjspfdsbmnj gj nb cbdjrb jd quj pijdsf sfmrj cã, sijdtf f cj kfcpfrtf… pfr nf quj sfy udb vãkticb gj bnauijd câs, quj ci mijdjstbr rjsuntb gj bnauijd câs…

¡Rué djrvifs, f`bnâ cj tfquj bnauijd bcbmnj!, f sjb si cj gjpricf pfr nf quj nfs gjcâs gikjd, ¶Jnnfs gjmjrãbd cjgikbrsj y df yf6.... ]igãkunf, ¶kijrtf6 Gjmjcfs bsucir gj udb vjz pfr tfgbs quj nb cbdjrb jd quj dfs sjdticfs f pjdsbcfs gj dfsftrfs ciscfs gjpjdgjd gj dujstrf sistjcb gj krjjdkibs quj idgivigubn y kfdskijdtjcjdtj krjbcfs b nf nbraf gj dujstrb vigb… pjrf jsj js jn prfmnjcb gjn zfcmij , su sistjcb gj krjjdkibs df sj

ofrcû bsã, js câs pbrjkigf b udb prfarbcbkiûd quj usû kfcf mbsj cbtjrib pricb eucbdb (mfdgbg, igjbniscf, jspjrbdzb, jtk.) pbrb bsjdtbr ud sistjcb gj krjjdkibs quj nj prfcjtiû nfarbr tfgfs sus igjbnjs y sj bsjaurû gj kicjdtbrsj bn prfpfrkifdbrnjs udb „efrgb– b nb quj

pjrtjdjkjr y ud krujn sistjcb gj kbstiaf sfkibn jd kbsf  

95

 

gj gisigjdkib quj vb gjsgj nb murnb, nb gjskbnioikbkiûd, jn jtiqujtbcijdtf, pbsbdgf pfr nb oudb y nnjabdgf oâkincjdtj b nb barjsiûd. Js icpfrtbdtj quj jn Idcudj kfcprjdgb quj nb ofrcb jd quj én bktðj bdtj nbs n bs pbnbmrbs y bktitugjs gj nfs gjcâs sj mbsb jd udb sjrij gj jnjkkifdjs pjrsfdbnjs tjdijdgf su sistjcb gj krjjdkibs b nb mbsj. [i bnauijd nf trbtb, pfr j`jcpnf, gj „cbkef vifnbgfr– y én sj fojdgj, gjmj gbrsj kujdtb quj su sistjcb gj krjjdkibs pfsjj ârjbs cjdfs gjsbrrfnnbgbs, y quj prfmbmnjcjdtj musquj quj nfs gjcâs nj rjkfdfzkbd su mfdgbg, bn pudtf quj ud trbtf kfcf jstj nf idsjaurizb, pfr nf quj jn sjdtirsj cbn y fojdgigf rjspfdgj b su orustrbkiûd bn df ebmjr kicjdtbgf su pjrsfdbnigbg bn divjn gj df kfdsigjrbr nb fpidiûd sid mbsj gj kubnquijrb… jd kristibdf, df js nf quj gikjd

gj ti, sidf kûcf jsf tj bojktb. Nb idtjniajdkib js usbr jsb cfnjstib kfcf udb auãb gj nbs ârjbs quj bðd obntb pfr trbmb`br, jd jsj kbsf jn ftrf df js udb oujdtj gj fojdsbs, sidf quj gj krjkicijdtf.

 

99

 

J[KZJNB GJ PFCMIJ[  

Jstj js jn A]BD tjcb, jstj js jn pridkipbn cjgif gj prfarbcbkiûd gj dujstrfs ei`fs. Jn mfcmbrgjf js pjrcbdjdtj y sistjcâtikf. Zsb nb oiaurb gj butfrigbg y gj sbpijdkib gjn prfojsfr pbrb jstf, mbsbgf jd dujstrb prfpib jxiajdkib kfcf pbgrjs, gj rjspjtf y vbnigbkiûd gj prfojsfrjs gj pbrtj gj dujstrfs ei`fs. Bgjcâs, tbcmiéd jstâ idsjrtb jd nfs prfarbcbs gj jstugifs, jd nfs nimrfs gj tjxtf, jd nbs njkturbs fmniabtfribs, jd nbs tbrjbs y trbmb`fs, jd jn gjpfrtj, jd nbs bktivigbgjs brtãstikbs, jtk. [j kjdtrbd jd nfs rbcfs eucbdistbs, quj sfd idtjrprjtbtivfs. Nbs kijdkibs oâktikbs y ofrcbnjs, quj sj mbsbd jd nb fmsjrvbkiûd prjkisb gj nb rjbnigbg, quj usbd ud cétfgf quj pjrcitj nb ajdjrbkiûd gj kfdfkicijdtfs kfnjktivbcjdtj, ebstb nnjabr b kfdfkicijdtfs kbgb vjz câs kjrkbdfs b nb vjrgbg (Wjfrãbs, njyjs, pridkipifs), sfd JDJCIAB[ GJ NB IGJFNFAIB CB]UI[WB yb quj jd jnnf df eby jspbkif pbrb jdtrjabr ftrb ofrcb gj pjrkimir nb rjbnigbg, df pujgjd cbdipunbr jn rjnbtf.  Bn vjr kkûcf ûcf eb sigf jn ttrbmb`f rbmb`f cidukifsf pbrb abdbr nbs cjdtjs gj dujstrfs ei`fs, sj ebkj djkjsbrif kfdfkjr  

288

 

cuy mijd jn kfnjaif gj nfs diòfs, kfdfkjr nfs prfojsfrjs, jstbr btjdtfs b nfs nimrfs, b nbs cbtjribs quj pbsbd y sjr cuy pbrtikipbtivfs jd jn sjdtigf gj kfdtrfnbr, rjknbcbr, suajrir, fmsjrvbr kûcf sj kfcpfrtbd nfs diòfs, idtjrbkkiûd jdtrj prfojsfrjs y bnucdfs, jtk. DF ICXF]WB NF[ GIXNFCB[ Y CJ]IWF[  BKBGJCIKF[ GJ ZD X]FOJ[F] [I GJ[W]ZYJ JN BNCB GJ WZ EI@F. Zd prfarj zfcmioikbgf df pujgj sjr ud mujd prfojsfr. [i df jdkujdtrbs ud jstbmnjkicijdtf jgukbkifdbn gfdgj jn kjdtrf rjbncjdtj sjb jn diòf, kfd prfojsfrjs kfd vfkbkiûd, quj df nf cbnfarjd kfcf pjrsfdb, budquj nf jgukbkifdbn sjb mujdf, [BRZJNF GJN [I[WJCB Y JGZRZJNF JD [I[WJCB[ BNWJ]DBWI_F[. Df tjcbs, kfdsigjrb quj jn sistjcb gj kfnjaifs kfcf nfs kfdfkjcfs befrb, tijdjd pfkf câs gj =88 bòfs gj  vigb, y quj nb jxistjdkib gj Idtjrdjt obkinitb nb jgukbkiûd, pujstf quj beã jstâ tfgf nf quj rjquijrjs y gj kbnigbg supjrifr b nf jdsjòbgf jd nb cbyfrãb gj nfs kfnjaifs. Nfs jstbmnjkicijdtfs jgukbkifdbnjs befabd nb kurifsigbg dbturbn gj nfs diòfs, nfs ebkjd pbsivfs, bgjcâs jnnfs pijrgjd nb dfkiûd gj quj nbs pjrsfdbs sj jdkujdtrbd pjrcbdjdtjcjdtj bprjdgijdgf, yb quj jnnfs krjjd quj jsf sûnf sj ebkj jd sbnbs gj knbsjs.  

282

 

Eby cbdjrbs gj tjdjr diòfs kfd ud jnjvbgf divjn gj jgukbkiûd sid tjdjr quj ir b ud kfnjaif y sj suaijrj quj, kfcf pbgrjs, sjbs kbpbz gj muskbr y jdkfdtrbr nb cbdjrb. Kubdgf nfs diòfs sj gbd kujdtb quj jn éxitf jd su vigb gjpjdgj sûnf gj jnnfs y df pujgjd kunpbr b dbgij câs, y sijdtjd quj sijcprj jstâd bprjdgijdgf si jstâd btjdtfs b nf quj pbsb b su bnrjgjgfr, jnnfs krjkjd kfcf pjrsfdb, nfarbcfs quj sijdtbd quj tijdjd jn kfdtrfn jd su vigb, pfr nf quj df sj pjrkimirâd `bcâs kfcf  vãkticbs, pfr nf quj gioãkincjdtj sjrâd suskjptimnjs gj sjr cbdipunbgfs. [j gjmj kfdsigjrbr quj quijdjs zfcmioikbd b dujstrfs ei`fs, usbd nb mfdgbg dbturbn quj jnnfs tijdjd, su sjdtigf gj `ustikib idtrãdsjkf, su obntb gj jxpjrijdkib y jn jspbkif quj dfsftrfs ciscfs pugicfs ebmjr gj`bgfs bn pfdjr jd sjaudgf pnbdf b dujstrb obcinib pfr jn trbmb`f, kfd nb dfmnj idtjdkiûd gj gbrnjs b jnnfs ciscfs jn divjn gj vigb, jgukbkifdbn y/f kfcfgigbgjs, pbrb ud outurf cj`fr, pjrf sj dfs fnvigb quj si dfs zfcmioikbd b dujstrfs ei`fs didaðd gidjrf jd jn cudgf dfs nf vb b gjvfnvjr. Nfs pbgrjs tijdjd nb fmniabkiûd gj kfdtrfnbr jd nf quj sus ei`fs jstâd, pbrb jnnfs df eby privbkigbg cijdtrbs  vivbd mb`f dujstrf kuigbgf, sj gjmj muskbr jdtrj sus kfsbs jnjcjdtfs quj dfs idgiqujd si dujstrf ei`f jstâ jd  

28=

 

cbnfs pbsfs, kfcf pfr j`jcpnf cbrieubdb u ftrf tipf gj grfabs, pbdonjtfs f nimrfs gj igjfnfaãbs vifnjdtbs f quj idgiqujd tjdgjdkibs suikigbs, jtk. jstf idknuyj kfdfkjr mijd b sus bcistbgjs y sus obcinibs, sus vbnfrjs, kfdkjptfs kjdtrbnjs sfmrj nb vigb y jn rjspjtf pfr nbs pjrsfdbs, kfsbs prfoudgbs.

 

28;

 

JD ]J[ZCJD

Xfr igjfnfaãb jn diòf muskbrâ0 •  [jr fpricigf, y jsb fprjsiûd nf cfngjû pbrb sjr

gj kijrtb ofrcb, nb jxkusb. Xfr nf tbdtf tfgf js kunpb tuyb. •  Jstbs quj`bs prfvfkbd quj nf gj`jd trbdquinf,

dbgij quijrj vivir jd ud bcmijdtj gj kfdoniktf pjrcbdjdtj di cjdfs prfvfkbr nb euigb gjn diòf. •  Muskb bnibgfs jdtrj ftrfs fpricigfs trbgikifdbnjs0

ejrcbdfs cjdfrjs, cbcâ f cu`jr, u ftrf gémin, y jdtrj quijdjs nf gjoijdgjd, trbgikifdbncjdtj udb bmujnb. •  Kfd jstfs bnibgfs muskb kfdsjauir privinjaifs,

cbdipunâdgfnfs gjsgj nb vikticizbkiûd. •  Muskb nb giskusiûd pbrb icpnbdtbr su bajdgb, giktb

nf quj sj gjmj ebmnbr, kûcf sj gjmjd vjstir, nf  

287

 

quj gjmjd kfcjr, jtk. pfr nf quj sj vbd rjgukijdgf nbs pfsiminigbgjs pbrb df pjnjbr •  Muskb icpfdjr sus rjanbs (nfs bguntfs gjmjd icpfdjr sus rjanbs, pjrf gjmjd sjr rbkifdbnjs, quj tijdgbd b nf trbgikifdbn) •   Bdtj aritfs y pbtbnjtbs df sj gjmj jdtrbr jd jsj

`ujaf, cbdtjdjrsj trbdquinf y pjgirnj quj tj jxpniquj jn pfrqué gj su rjbkkiûd, sid bkjptbr prjtjxtfs di cjdtirbs, icpfdijdgf nb butfrigbg abdbgb pfr jxpjrijdkibs y kfdfkicijdtfs. •  Df nj tjcbs bn kfdoniktf di b nb pjnjb, nfs tjcbs sj

trbtbd sj giskutjd y sj tjrcidbd. •  Idtjdtbrâ kfdtrfnbr nb ofrcb jd quj sj ebmnb, gj-

mjs prfcfvjr y jxiair kfrrjkkiûd jd jn ebmnb, bn iaubn quj ud mujd kfcpfrtbcijdtf, cfgbnjs, frgjd, eiaijdj, rjspjtf, jtk. •  Jdorjdtbr nb pbtbnjtb ebstb quj df pujgb jxpnikbr

su rjbkkiûd y beã cfstrbrnj quj pjrgiû, cfstrbrsj sijcprj iaubn, oircj pjrf kbriòfsf.  

28:

 

•  Jn fm`jtivf kjdtrbn gjn zfcmij   js kfdtrfnbr tfgfs

nfs jspbkifs gjn efabr, df sfnf jn oãsikf, sidf quj cjdtbnjs, tjcbs gj kfdvjrsbkiûd, tjdgjdkibs, pbnbmrbs, cðsikb, kfcigb, ofrcbs gj rjojrirdfs b nbs kfsbs, fpidifdjs, kfdkjptfs vbnûrikfs, gj qué pfgjcfs rjãrdfs f df, jtk. Df sj nj gjmj pjrcitir quj abdj jspbkifs igjfnûaikfs. Abdbcfs kubdgf jn diòf pijrgj jd tfgfs nfs jspbkifs. •  Jnnfs muskbd jn jdorjdtbcijdtf, jn rjtf, jn idsuntf

pbrb kfdtidubr sijdgf fpricigf y vãkticb. •  [i trbj bn efabr b pjrsfdbs igjfnfaizbgbs quj dfs

kfcmbtb kfcf bnibgfs, df eby quj kbjr jd giskusiûd, cfstrbr kfdstbdtjcjdtj jn gjsbkujrgf, pjrf sid giskutir, muskbr tjcbs djutrfs gfdgj ebyb kfidkigjdkibs y nfarbr krjbr ud mujd cfcjdtf pbrb kfcpbrtir. •  Nb murnb y cfstrbr nb obntb gj friaidbnigbg gj su

nukeb, sfd brcbs.

 

28?

 

•  ]jkujrgb jn ei`f cbyfr gj 2= bòfs jstâ pjrgigf,

kfdkédtrbtj jd nfs cjdfrjs. •  [j ebmnbd tfgfs nfs tjcbs y sj gjmjd brcbr bnibd-

zbs pbrjdtbnjs, kfd bmujnfs, tãfs, jtk. pbrb ofrcbr ud orjdtj kfcðd, quj cujstrjd jxpjrijdkibs y kfdfkicijdtfs quj gjsbrtikunjd su giskursf.

Rué gbrnj bn diòf0 •   Bvjdturbs. •  Jxpjrijdkibs. •  Kursfs jd nb dbturbnjzb (sfmrjvivjdkib, pnbdtbs,

bdicbnjs, frijdtbkiûd, jtk.) •  Gjpfrtjs df pfpunbrjs (mukjf, rjcf, gjpfrtj

bvjdturb, trjllida, jtk) •  Jsticunbr jn pjdsbcijdtf kijdtãoikf, bktivigbgjs

kijdtãoikbs.

 

281

 

•  Cbdtjdjr ud divjn gj kbnigbg jd tu kbsb j`. Brtj, cðsikb, kidj, prfarbcbs gj tv… df kubnquijr k f-

sb. •  Jsticunbr nb njkturb gj nfs knâsikfs. •  ]jvisbrnj

sus ]][[ (prfarbcbs obdtbscbs, kfdfkjr b sus bcistbgjs y sus obcinibs, cðsikb quj jskukeb)

•  ]jvisbr su ebmitbkiûd, boikejs, nimrfs rjvistbs,

grfabs (idtfnjrbdkib tftbn bn tjcb y sustbdkibs), rfpb, pfrdf (ebstb kijrtf arbgf), sbtbdiscf (ebstb kijrtf arbgf) jtk. •   Bktubr jd kfdsistjdkib, jvitbr quj jd nb kbsb ebyb

bnkfefn, grfabs, prfcfvjr vigb sbnugbmnj. Ir b rjstfrbdjs gfdgj df ebyb bnkfefn, jvitbr b mfrrbkefs y ebkjrnf sbmjr J`. Dfs vbcfs pfrquj eby mfrrbkefs, df sj kfdtrfnbd, df tijdjd giadigbg, jkebd b pjrgjr jn bcmijdtj, gj`b gj sjr ud bcmijdtj sjaurf, jtk.)

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•  [jauir nfs idstidtfs jd kubdtf b pjrsfdbs quj

rfgjbd b tu ei`f, si jstbcfs icmuigfs jd bcmijdtjs gj kbnigbg y vivijdgf udb vigb vbnûrikb, pfgrjcfs kbptbr kubdgf bnauijd df kbnzb, jsb sjdsbkiûd gj quj bnauijd df js mujdb idonujdkib. •  Jdsjòbrnj bn diòf b giskricidbr nf pfsitivf gj nf

djabtivf, nf quj nj ebkj mijd gj nf quj nj ebkj cbn, nf rjbn gj nf irrjbn. Xbrb jstf, sj gjmj rjkupjrbr jn vbnfr gj nb pbnbmrb, j`. df b nb kunturb gjn „tãf–, usbrnf sûnf pbrb nfs ejrcbdfs gj nfs  

pbgrjs y DF pbrb prfojsfrjs, bciafs gj nfs pbgrjs, jn trbdspfrtistb jskfnbr, jtk. Wbcmiéd rjkupjrbr jn kfdkjptf gj bcistbg, jd jn kfnjaif df tfgfs nfs diòfs sfd bciafs pfr jn sfnf ejkef gj kfcpbrtir bòfs gj su vigb. •  Jdsjòbr b gjskfdoibr, ebmnbrnj gj nf quj pujgj

pbsbrnj y qué ebkjr si pbsb.

•  [j eb pjrgigf nb kbpbkigbg gj bprjdgjr b trbvés nb

jxpjrijdkib, df sfnf kfd giskursf, sidf quj jcpãrikbcjdtj, J`. Ruj bprjdgb b ebkjr pbd. ]jtrbdscitir nb jxpjrijdkib gj ebkjr pbd, ebmnbrnf

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orjdtj b nfs gjcâs. Df ebmnbr gj trbdsofrcbr jstf jd djafkif, sfnf jd nb jxpjrijdkib kfcpbrtigb. •  [i jn arbdgj sj jdtusibscb kfd bnaudb bktivigbg y

quijrj bprjdgjr eby quj jdsjòbrnjs, jsj js ud quijmrj y eby quj cbdtjdjrsj beã, muskbdgf jn quijmrj.

•  Nb cjkâdikb ajdjrbn gj nb kbsb df gjmj kbcmibr,

si eby quj giskutir kfd nb pbrj`b sj ebkj, si eby quj rjtbr bn diòf nf rjtbs, df jd nf igjfnûaikf. •  Eistfrib, kfdtbrnb gjsgj nb vivjdkib, cfstrbrnj quj sus oudgbcjdtfs sfd obnsfs, quj sus prfojsfrjs df sbmjd nf quj gikjd, cfstrbr udb pjrspjktivb câs bcpnib, gj gfdgj surajd nfs ejkefs. Df sfpfrtjs nb cjdtirb, df nb baubdtjs, cujstrb ejkefs, ebmnb kfd ajdtj quj viviû nb jxpjrijdkib. •  [i jn keikf quijrj ir b cbrkebs, pfr j`jcpnf, mus-

kbr bntjrdbtivb j`. Ir b nb pnbyb, zffnûaikf, muskbr brcbr ud bviûd b jskbnb, jtk. si bnaf sbnj cbn j`. Jn zffnûaikf jstâ kjrrbgf, kunpbr b nb cbrkeb. [i vbs b cbrkebs kfd én cfstrbrnj nf quj jstâ pbsbdgf pbrb quj bprjdgb b fmsjrvbr nfs ejkefs y sbmjr

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rjbkkifdbr y quj, si gj`b gj sjr pbkãoikb p bkãoikb gjkirnj qué ebkjr, gfdgj irsj y kfcf kuigbrsj. •  [upjrbr nb igjfnfaãb jd mbsj b nb orustrbkiûd gj nfs gjsjfs, y muskbr bntjrdbtivb0 „df pfgjcfs ir b nb

pnbyb pfr nb cbrkeb, vjbcfs udb pjnãkunb `udtfs jd nb kbsb–.  •  CF[W]B] NB ]JBNIGBG [ID X]J WJUWF[, dudkb „cjdtir pbrb prftjajr–, ebmnbr

gj tfgfs nfs tjcbs b su divjn.

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KFDKNZ[IFD/X]FOJ[IB

 Bn nfs tijcpfs,kubdgf kubdgf gjmbs kbcidjs pfr pf r nbs bkjd kjdizbsoidbn y nfsgjjskfcmrfs, jsquivbr nfsicujrtfs y b su pjstinjdkib, kubdgf tus kbgjdbs fxigbgbs oidbncjdtj kbiabd pbrb pfgjr prfmbr ud mfkbgf cfefsf gj pbd, kubdgf cirjs b nfs kijnfs y jdtrj jn eucf pujgbs vjr bn sfn. Nj prjaudtbrbs b Gifs "¶Xfr qué gj`bstj quj jstf fkurrijrb6" y én rjspfdgjrâ "¶Ruj ebs ejkef tu pbrb jvitbrnf6".