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JOJ CC AOIMO[OI ]GHZC

:.? [cstgf Foiobgfgi Egofoioi Cilhrfosc ([FEC) [cstgf foiobgfgi egofoioi cilhrfosc ([FEC) otou yoin mcsgjut buno Cilhrfotchi Foiongfgit [gkurcty [ystgf (C[F[) fgrupoeoi suotu prhsgs yoin mcsusui jgrmosoreoi pgimgeotoi rcsceh jcsics uitue fgrgikoioeoi (Taoi), fgincfpagfgitosceoi (Mh), fgfhicthr omoi fgicibou uaoin (K`gke), moi fgfgac`oro

(Okt)

tgr`omop

egofoioi

cilhrfosc

pgruso`ooi

UC[H/CGK

:>44?2:447V. Egofoioi cilhrfosc mctubueoi uitue fgibono ospge egro`oscooi (Khilcmgitcoaay), Egutu`oi (Citgnrcty), moi Egtgrsgmcooi (Ovocjcaacty) morc cilhrfosc. ([orih, :443)  :443)  [FEC jgrmosoreoi C[H/CGK :>44?2:447 fgibgaoseoi syorot-syorot uitue fgfjuot, fgigropeoi, fgaoesoioeoi, fgfhicthr, fginoioacso, moi fgfgac`oro sgrto fgimheufgitosceoi scstgf foiobgfgi egofoioi cilhrfosc ([FEC). C[H/CGK :>44? fgimglcicsceoi egpgrauoi-egpgrauoi uitue scstgf foiobgfgi egofoioi cilhrfosc yoin joce oeoi fgfjoitu fgfjgrceoi pgracimuinoi

tgr`omop noinnuoi pomo oetcvctos-oetcvctos jcsics moi fgacimuinc prhsgs jcsics yoin tgrpgitcin onor tgr`cimor morc rgsceh egruncoi/jgikoio moi egnonoaoi pomo  pginofoioi cilhrfosc. C[H :>44? mcnuioeoi sgjonoc cehi sgrtclceosc C[H :>444. C[H :>444 fgrupoeoi mheufgi stoimor scstgf foiobgfgi egofoioi cilhrfosc yoin fgfjgrceoi nofjoroi sgkoro ufuf fgingioc opo sobo yoin `orus mcaoeueoi hag` sgjuo` hrnoicsosc moaof uso`o uitue fgincfpagfgitosceoi

>

 

0

ehisgp-ehisgp egofoioi cilhrfosc moaof hrnoicsosc. ([orih, :443) (Ioschioa, :443)  :.: [toimorm C[H2CGK :>44?2:447 Cilhrfotchi [gkurcty Foiongfgit [ystgf Moaof stoimor egofoioi cilhrfosc C[H/CGK :>444 fgfcacec jgjgropo sgrcgs yoin tgao` mcegfjoineoi uitue foiobgfgi egofoioi cilhrfosc otou C[F[. [grcgs morc C[H/CGK :>444 tgrmcrc morc 2 o.  C[H/CGK :>444- Cilhrfotchi sgkurcty foiongfgit systgfs ” Hvgrvcgw oim vhkojuaory  j.  C[H/CGK :>44?- Cilhrfotchi sgkurcty foiongfgit systgfs ” Zgqucrgfgits k.  C[H/CGK :>44: - Khmg hl proktckg lhr cilhrfotchi sgkurcty foiongfgit m.  C[H/CGK :>44; - Cilhrfotchi sgkurcty foiongfgit systgf cfpagfgitotchi nucmoikg g.  C[H/CGK :>44= - Cilhrfotchi sgkurcty foiongfgit ” Fgosurgfgit l.  C[H/CGK :>447- Cilhrfotchi sgkurcty rcse foiongfgit.     s     t     i     g     f     g     r      c     u     q     g      Z      [      F      [      C      ?      4      4      >      :

 

:>444 Hvgrvcgw vhkojuaory :>44: Khmg Hl Troktckg C[F[ :>44; Cfpagfgitotchi :>44= Fgosurgfgits :>447 C[F[ Zcse Foiongfgit

Nofjor :.?. [truetur [grcgs [toimor C[H :>444 Nofjor :.? mcotos omoao` struetur sgrcgs `ujuinoi morc stoimor C[H/CGK :>444. C[H/CGK :>44? fgrupoeoi mheufgi stoimor [cstgf Foiobgfgi Egofoioi

 

3

Cilhrfosc ([FEC) otou  Cilhrfotchi [gkurcty Foiongfgit [ystgfs (C[F[) yoin fgfjgrceoi nofjoroi sgkoro ufuf fgingioc opo sobo yoin sg`orusiyo mcaoeueoi moaof uso`o pgincfpagfgitoscoi ehisgp-ehisgp egofoioi egofoioi cilhrfosc mc pgruso`ooi. [toimor citgriocshioa cic tgao` mcpgrscopeoi uitue fgiygmcoeoi sgjuo` fhmga

pgfjoinuioi,

pgigropoi,

pgingrbooi,

pginowosoi,

pgicibouoi,

 pgfgcac`orooi, pgicineotoi sgjuo` [FEC. [toimor cic fginomhpsc fhmga Taoi Mh-K`gke-Okt   (TMKO) yoin mctgropeoi uitue fgiyusui sgjuo` prhsgs [FEC.

(@WFT@ZGS[, :44>) :.:.?  Fhmga Trhsgs C[H/CGK :>44?2:447 fgigtopeoi fhmga to`opoi yoin mcjutu`eoi moaof fgincfpagfgitosceoi pgfgiu`oi foiobgfgi egofofoi cilhrfosc mginoi tubuoi hrnicsosc moi egjutu`oi jcsics. (C[H/CGK, C[H/CGK :>44?  Cilhrfotchi sgkurcty foiongfgit systgf - Zgqucrgfgit s, s, :447)

Nofjor :.:. Fhmga TMKO Nofjor :.: mcotos omoao` nofjor morc fhmga TMKO yoin tgrmopot pomo C[H :>44? yoin oeoi mcbgaoseoi pomo urocoi sgjonoc jgrceut.

 

?4

?.   Taoi (pgigtopoi [FEC). Fgigtopeoi egjcboeoi, sosoroi, moi prhsgmur [FEC yoin sgsuoc uitue  pginhao`oi rcsceh moi pgrjoceoi egofoioi cilhrfosc onor fgin`oscaeoi `osca yoin sgsuoc mginoi egjcboeoi moi sosoroi hrnoicsosc sgkoro egsgauru`oi. (Ioschioa, :443) :.   Mh (Tgigropoi moi pginhpgroscoi [FEC). Fgigropeoi moi fginhpgrosceoi egjcboeoi, pgingimoacoi, prhsgs, moi  prhsgmur [FEC (Ioschioa, :443) ;.  K`gke (Tgfoitouoi moi pgineobcoi [FEC). Fginoesgs moi opojcao jgraoeu fginueur ecigrbo prhsgs tgr`omop egjcboeoi, sosoroi, [FEC moi pginoaofoi proetcs moi fgaophreoi `oscaiyo egpomo foiobgfgi uitue pgineobcoi. (Ioschioa, :443) =.   Okt  (Tgicineotoi moi pgfgac`orooi [FEC).  Okt (Tgicineotoi Fginofjca tcimoeoi ehrgetcl moi pgikgno`oi jgrmosoreoi `osca citgrioa oumct [FEC moi tcibouoi foiobgfgi otou cilhrfosc tgreoct aociiyo uitue fgikopoc  pgrjoceoi jgregsciofjuinoi jgregsciofjuinoi moaof [FEC (Ioschioa, :443)

:.:.:  [truetur Hrnoicsosc C[H/CGK :>44? [truetur

hrnoicsosc

C[H/CGK

:>44?

mcjonc

moaof

muo

joncoi

sgjonocfoio yoin tgao` mcpoporeoi sgjonoc jgrceut. o)  Eaousua 2 Foimothry Trhkgss Trhkgss  Eaousua (posoa) omoao` pgrsyorotoi yoin `orus mcpgiu`c bceo hrnoicsosc fgigropeoi [FEC mginoi fginnuioeoi stoimor C[H/CGK :>44?.  j)  Oiigx O 2 [gkurcty Khitrha 

 

??

Oiigx O omoao` mheufgi rglgrgisc yoin mcsgmcoeoi moi mopot mcbomceoi rubueoi uitue fgigitueoi Ehitrha Egofoioi ([gkurcty Khitrha) yoin pgrau mccfpagfgitosceoi mc moaof [FEC, yoin tgrmcrc morc ?? eaousua ehitrha egofoioi ([gkurcty Khitha Kaousgs), ;3 Hjbgetcl Ehitrha ( Khitrha Hjbgktcvgs), moi ?;; Ehitrha (Khitrhas). ([orih, :443). [truetur hrnoicsosc

 pomo C[H :>444 mopot mcac`ot pomo Nofjor :.;.

Nofjor :.;. [truetur Hrnoicsosc C[H/CGK :>44? :.:.;  Toimuoi [cstgf Foiobgfgi Egofoioi Cilhrfosc

Toimuoi pgiyusuioi aoineo`-aoineo` scstgf foiobgfgi egofoioi cilhrfosc ([FEC) pomo to`op Taoi-Mh-K`gke-Okt oeoi mcbgaoseoi sgjonoc jgrceut. ?.  [FEC Tgrgikoiooi ( Taoi)  Taoi)

o)  Fgaoeueoi pgrsgtubuoi ehfctfgi foiobgfgi [FEC [gjgauf [FEC mcjoinui pc`oe foiobgfgi moaof hrnoicsosc `orus fgfjgrceoi mueuinoi egpomo hrnoicsosc moaof fgaoesoioeoi [FEC jgrupo mueuinoi foiobgfgi.  j)  Fgigitueoi ruoin acineup moi egjcboeoi C[F[

 

?:

Aoineo` egmuo omoao` fgigitueoi ruoin acineup cfpagfgitosc [FEC yoin oeoi mctgrpoeoi moaof hrnoicsosc pomo ruoin acineup foio sobo, sgauru`  joncoi hrnoicsosc otou `oiyo sgjoncoi. Tgigituoi ruoin acineup [FEC cic mcaoeueoi jgrmosoreoi 2 ?)  Egjutu`oi hrnoicsosc :)  Osgt yoin mcfcacec hag` hrnoicsosc k)  Fgigtopeoi pgimgeotoi osgsfgi rcsceh pomo hrnoicsosc Tgicaocoi rgsceh cic jgrnuio uitue fgingto`uc jonocfoio koro fgaoeueoi  pgicaocoi rgsceh sgsuoc mginoi egjutu`oi hrnoicsosc. Tgaoesoiooi pgicaocoi rgsceh tgrnoituin morc ruoin acineup [FEC yoin tgao` mctgitueoi. Tgicaocoi rgsceh tgrmopot muo fokof `oa yoin `orus mcpoporeoi yoctu sgjonoc jgrceut. ?)  Fgthmg  Zcse Ossgssfgit   2 Fgthmg yoin mcnuioeoi uitue fgaoeueoi  pgicaocoi rgsceh tgr`omop cilhrfosc mopot mcaoeueoi mginoi jgjgropo fgthmg oitoro aoci 2 fgthmg stotcstck otou fgthmg fotgfotcs. ([orih, :443) :)  Erctgrco pgigrcfooi rgsceh 2 Erctgrco pgigrcfooi rgsceh mctubueoi sgjonoc okuoi tcimoeoi yoin oeoi mcaoeueoi moaof fgioinoic rgsceh yoin omo moaof pgruso`ooi. ([orih, :443) m)  Fgincmgitclceosc rgsceh Cmgitclceosc rgsceh jgrtubuoi uitue fgfo`ofc sgjgropo jgsor moi cmgitclceosc rgsceh opo yoin oeoi mctgrcfo hag` hrnoicsosc bceo cilhrfosc hrnoicsosc fgimopot oikofoi otou noinnuoi egofoioioi yoin fgiygjojeoi nonoaiyo  pgibonooi ospge egofoioi cilhrfosc. (C[H/CGK, C[H/CGK :>44? Cilhrfotchi sgkurcty foiongfgit systgf - Zgqucrgfgits, :447). Aoineo`-aoineo` uitue fgincmgitclceosc rgsceh yoctu 2

 

?;

?) 

Fgincmgitclceosc osgt Fgincmgitclceosc

osgt

moaof

[FEC

mopot

mcaoeueoi

mginoi

fginnuioeoi tojga osgt yoin tgao` mceotgnhrceoi fgiurut bgics otou egjutu`oi hrnoicsosc. ([orih, :443) :) 

Fgin`ctuin icaoc osgt Koro fgin`ctuin icaoc osgt jgrmosoreoi osgt egofoioi cilhrfosc yoctu Khilcmgitcoacty, Citgnrcty,  moi  Ovocaojcacty  mopot fginnuioeoi tojga

 pgicaocoi osgt jgrmosoreoi erctgrco  Khilcmgitcoacty yoin mctuibueeoi  pomo ]ojga :.?. ([orih, :443) :443) ]ojga :.?. Erctgrco Khilcmgitcoacty  Erctgrco Khilcmgitcoacty  Tujack Citgrioa usg hiay Trcvotg Khilcmgitcoa [gkrgt

 Icaoc Khilcmgitcoacty (IK) 4 ? : ; =

([ufjgr 2 Zcyoiorth [orih2 :443) Erctgrco icaoc Citgnrcty mctuibueeoi pomo ]ojga :.:. ]ojga :.: Erctgrco Citgnrcty  Erctgrco Citgnrcty 

 Icaoc Citgnrcty (IC)

 Ih Cfpokt

4

Fcihr cikcmgit

?

Ngigroa mcsturjoikg

:

Foyhr mcsturjoikg

;

Wikkgptojag mofong

=

([ufjgr 2 Zcyoiorth [orih2 :443) Erctgrco icaoc  Ovocaojcacty mctuibueeoi pomo ]ojga :.; 

 

?=

]ojga :.;. Erctgrco Ovocaojcacty Erctgrco Ovocaojcacty 

Icaoc Ovocaojcacty (IO)

 Ih Ovocaojcacty

4

Hllckg `hurs Ovocjcacty

?

[trhin Ovocaojcacty

:

@cn` Ovocaojcacty

;

\gry @cn` Ovocaojcacty

=

([ufjgr 2 Zcyoiorth [orih2 :443) Tgr`ctuinoi icaoc osgt mopot mc`ctuin mginoi fginnuioeoi pgrsofooi fotgfotcs jgrceut 2 Icaoc Osgt (I[) 6 IK + IC + IO  IO  ........................... ..................................................... ..........................(:.?) (:.?) mcfoio2  IK 6 Icaoc Khilcmgitcoay  IC 6 Icaoc Citgnrcty   IO 6 Icaoc Ovocaojcacty  ;)  Fgincmgitclceosc oikofoi moi egagfo`oi tgr`omop osgt Fgincmgitclceosc oikofoi

moi

egagfo`oi

tgr`omop

osgt mopot

fginnuioeoi tojga Trhjojcacty hl Hkkuroikg  sgpgrtc pomo ]ojga :.= mginoi fgigitueoi rgitoin icaoc  prhjojcacty  morc agvga AH^, FGMCWF, moi @CN@. ([orih, :443) ]ojga :.= Khith` Egfuinecioi Noinnuoi Egofoioi  Ih

Oikofoi

Bgics

Trhjojcactos

?

Noinnuoi Tgroineot Egros Noinnuoi sufjgr moyo Jgikoio Oaof Oesgs Cagnoa

Oikofoi

Ahw

Zgroto Trhjojcactos 4,;

Egagfo`oi Oikofoi Oikofoi

Ahw

4,:

@cn`

4,>

Fgmcuf

4,<

: ; =

∟ Oikofoi

∟ TH 

 

?7

AH^

2 Icaoc Zgroto Trhjojcactos 4,?- 4,;

FGMCWF

2 Icaoc Zgroto Trhjojcactos 4,=- 4,<

@CN@

2 Icaoc Zgroto Trhjojcactos 4,>- ?,4

 Icaoc oikofoi mopot mc`ctuin mginoi fginnuioeoi pgrsofooi fotgfotcs  jgrceut 2 I] 6 ∟TH/∟Oikofoi ........................... ........................................................ ................................................. ....................(:.:)

mcfoio2  I]

6 Icaoc Oikofoi

∟TH

6 Bufao` Zgroto Trhjojcactos

∟Oikofoi 6 Bufao` Oikofoi =)  Fgincmgitclceosc mofpoe `caoiniyo egro`oscooi, citgnrctos moi egtgrsgmcooi tgr`omop cilhrfosc morc osgt. Fgincmgitclceosc

mofpoe

`caoiniyo

egro`oscooi,

citgnrctos,

moi

egtgrsgmcooi morc foscin-fscin osgt sgsuoc mginoi ospge egofoioi cilhrfosc. g)  Fginoioacscs moi fgingvoauosc rgsceh ]o`op cic jgrtubuoi uitue fginoioacso moi fgingvoauosc rgsceh yoin sumo` mccmgitclceosc pomo to`op sgjgaufiyo, uitue fgfo`ofc jonocfoio mofpoe rgsceh tgr`omop jcsics hrnoicsosc, jonocfoio agvga rgsceh yoin fuineci moi fgigitueoi opoeo` rgsceh yoin tgrbomc aoinsuin mctgrcfo otou fosc` pgrau mcaoeueoi pginhaooi (trgotfgit ) onor rgsceh mopot mctgrcfo mginoi mofpoe yoin jcso mcthagroisc Oioacso moi gvoauosc rgsceh tgrmcrc morc aoineo`-aoineo`  jgrceut 2

 

?<

?)  Fgigtueoi icaoc oioacso mofpoe jcsics ( Juscigss  Juscigss Cfpokt Oioayscs) Oioacso mofpoe jscics omoao` oioacso yoin fginnofjoreoi sgjgropo to`oi prhsgs jcsics mc moaof hrnoicsosc jgrboaoi egtceo cilhrfosc yoin mcfcacec tgrnoinnu mginoi fgigitueoi icaoc JCO pomo foscin-foscin osgt ([orih, :443). [eoao icaoc JCO mcnuioeoi uitue fgigitueoi icaoc JCO yoin mctuibueeoi pomo ]ojga :.7 ]ojga :.7 :.7 [eoao Icaoc JCO Jotos ]hagroisc Noinnuoi

Egtgroinoi

Icaoc JCO

Icaoc [eoao

1 ? Fcinnu

 Iht Krctckoa

4

4-:4

? @orc s/m : @orc

 Fcihr Krctckoa

?

:?-=4

1 ? @orc 1 ?: Bof

 Foyhr Krctckoa  @cn` Krctckoa

: ;

=?-