MAN-22519-001_A00_Sunlite_GigE

SUNRISE TELECOM®

SunLite GigE GIGE User’s Manual

IP(DHCP):169.254.38.159 Link Up:100 Mbps Full Duplex

12:38:02

IP BERT RFC-2544 Loopback Utility Throughput Features Configuration Measurement

Shutdown

About

Profile

F1

F2

F3

F4

F1

F2

F3

F4

P

C Esc

GigE

Report

POWER

Set

1

www.sunrisetelecom.com

Warning! Using the supplied equipment in a manner not specified by Sunrise Telecom may impair the protection provided by the equipment. LASER Cautions! • This is a class 1 laser product. Avoid looking directly at the transmitter source. • Use of controls and procedures other than those specified in this manual may result in exposure to hazardous laser radiation. • Unterminated optical connectors may emit laser radiation. Do not view with optical instruments. End of Life Recycling and Disposal Information DO NOT dispose of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) as unsorted municipal waste. For proper disposal return the product to Sunrise Telecom. Please contact our local offices or service centers for information on how to arrange the return and recycling of any of our products. EC Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive aims to minimize the impact of the disposal of electrical and electronic equipment on the environment. It encourages and sets criteria for the collection, treatment, recycling, recovery, and disposal of waste electrical and electronic equipment.

GIGE MAN-22519-001 Rev. A00 © 2008 Sunrise Telecom Incorporated. All rights reserved. 2

SunLite GigE

SunLite GigE User’s Manual Table of Contents

1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Overview of Functions.......................................................................................... 5 1.2 Important Safeguards and Precautions................................................................ 5 1.3 SunLite GigE Package Contents.......................................................................... 5 1.4 Specifications....................................................................................................... 6

2 Physical Description....................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Front Features...................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Keypad Functions...................................................................................... 8 2.1.2 LEDs.......................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Top Connectors..................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Right Side Connectors........................................................................................ 10 2.4 Back Side Features............................................................................................ 10 2.4.1 Battery Replacement............................................................................... 10 2.4.2 Battery Care and Storage........................................................................ 10

3 Operation and Menus.................................................................................................... 13 3.1 BERT Throughput............................................................................................... 15 3.1.1 BERT Configuration................................................................................. 15 3.1.1.1 Stream Configuration............................................................................ 16 3.1.1.2 Menu F-key Commands........................................................................ 30 3.1.1.2.1 Measurement Setup.......................................................................... 30 3.1.1.2.2 Save Profile........................................................................................ 31 3.1.2 Run Test................................................................................................... 32 3.1.2.1 Error Injection....................................................................................... 34 3.2 IP Features......................................................................................................... 35 3.2.1 IP Config.................................................................................................. 35 3.2.2 Link Status............................................................................................... 36 3.2.3 Ping.......................................................................................................... 38 3.2.4 ARP Scanning......................................................................................... 39 3.2.5 Trace Route.............................................................................................. 40 3.3 RFC-2544........................................................................................................... 41 3.3.1 RFC-2544 Throughput Test...................................................................... 42 3.3.1.1 Throughput Test Results....................................................................... 44 3.3.3 Back to Back Test..................................................................................... 46 3.3.4 Latency Test............................................................................................. 46 3.3.5 Auto Test.................................................................................................. 47 3.4 Loopback............................................................................................................ 48 3.4.1 Loopback Filter........................................................................................ 48 3.4.2 Loopback Mode....................................................................................... 52 3.5 Utility................................................................................................................... 56 3.5.1 Miscellaneous Setup................................................................................ 56 GigE

3

3.5.2 Flash Port................................................................................................ 57 3.5.3 Cable Length........................................................................................... 57 3.5.4 Optical Power........................................................................................... 58 3.5.5 Firmware Upgrade................................................................................... 58

4 PC Software Package.................................................................................................... 59 4.1 Firmware Update................................................................................................ 59 4.1.1 Windows Setup........................................................................................ 59 4.1.2 Performing an Upgrade............................................................................ 61

5 Applications................................................................................................................... 63 5.1 Layer 1 BERT..................................................................................................... 63 5.2 Layer 2 BERT..................................................................................................... 65 5.3 Configuring VLAN Testing................................................................................... 67 5.4 Layer 3 BERT-Indirect Routing........................................................................... 68 5.5 RFC-2544 Testing............................................................................................... 70 5.5.1 RFC-2544 Test Configurations................................................................. 70 5.5.2 RFC-2544 Testing Overviews.................................................................. 71 5.6 Loopback Applications........................................................................................ 72 5.7 Ping Test Application.......................................................................................... 73

6 Reference....................................................................................................................... 75 6.1 Ethernet Overview.............................................................................................. 75 6.1.1 Optical Line Encoding.............................................................................. 76 6.1.2 Ethernet Frames...................................................................................... 76 6.1.3 MAC Address........................................................................................... 77 6.1.4 Interframe Gap......................................................................................... 78 6.1.5 Frame Size and Efficiency....................................................................... 79 6.1.6 VLAN Tagging.......................................................................................... 79 6.1.7 MPLS....................................................................................................... 82 6.1.8 Ethernet Standards and Resources ....................................................... 82 6.2 IP Overview........................................................................................................ 84 6.2.1 TCP.......................................................................................................... 84 6.2.2 ICMP and Ping ....................................................................................... 85 6.2.3 Routers.................................................................................................... 85 6.2.4 Gateways ................................................................................................ 85 6.2.5 DNS......................................................................................................... 86 6.2.6 DHCP....................................................................................................... 86 6.2.7 ARP......................................................................................................... 86 6.3 Service Information............................................................................................. 87 6.3.2 Handling Optical Fiber............................................................................. 87 6.3.3 Cleaning Optical Fiber..................................................................................... 88 6.4 Testing and Calibration Statement...................................................................... 89 6.5 Customer Service............................................................................................... 90 6.6 Express Limited Warranty................................................................................... 92

Index.................................................................................................................................... 95 4

SunLite GigE

1 Introduction 1.1 Overview of Functions The SunLite GigE is a powerful tool for the installation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of Gigabit Ethernet services in a low-cost, handheld platform. It provides physical layer to IP layer testing capabilities. Key Features • Full 10/100 Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps) line rate traffic generation • Performs throughput, latency, frame loss, and back-to-back tests per RFC2544 • BER testing at Layer 2, and Layer 3 (IP), for Gigabit Ethernet and IP services • IP verification with Ping, Trace Route, and IP Throughput across a routed network • Generate up to 8 traffic flows with different MAC address, VLAN tags • MLPS, IP address, payload and bandwidth configurations • Class of Service (CoS) (via VLAN P-bit) and IP Type of Service (ToS)/DSCP traffic prioritization settings • 10/100/1000BASE-T and 1000BASE-X dual media test interfaces • Control/Respond Loopback feature to loop-up/down a far end STT, MTT Ethernet test module, or to a GigE Responder • Test Profiles for fast and efficient test set configuration and operation

1.2 Important Safeguards and Precautions Utmost care has been taken in the manufacture of the SunLite GigE. Please keep the following instructions in mind while using the SunLite GigE. • Please keep the SunLite GigE away from fire, extremely hot areas, water or moisture of any kind. • Do not service your SunLite GigE by yourself. • Opening the SunLite GigE housing will void the warranty • Always follow the SunLite GigE instructions. • Always follow the state law or company regulations on the port scanning or IP address PING test.

1.3 SunLite GigE Package Contents The SunLite GigE package includes the following: • • • • • •

GigE

SunLite GigE One Li-Ion rechargeable battery pack One AC/DC adaptor, input 100-240V, output 12V/2.0A. One CD with User’s Manual and Firmware upgrade tools One protective bumper case with built-in stand One carry case

5

1.4 Specifications Display

320 X 240 TFT LCD

Power

• •

Interface

•

• •

Li-Ion rechargeable battery, lasts up to 4 hours with link at full wire speed. Battery Pack with AC/DC adaptor (100—240 VAC, 2A, 50/60 Hz). One 10/100/1000Mbps RJ45 port compliant with IEEE 802.3 for 10Mbps, 802.3u for 100Mbps, 802.3ab for 1000Mbps. One SFP fiber port for 850nm, 1310nm, or 1550nm transceiver, compliant with IEEE 802.3z. Auto switched between the 2 ports depends on connected interface. Fiber has higher priority when both ports are connected.

LEDs

4 LEDs: • LINK/ACT (for 10/100/1000Mbps link) • PAT SYNC: Pattern synchronization • SIGNAL/ERR: Optical signal and error(s) • POWER/BATTERY: Power and Battery status

Weight

Less than 500g with battery.

Audio

Audible tone to indicate key input.

Operating Temperature

0—40º C

Operating Humidity

10—85 % (non-condensing).

Table 1 SunLite GigE Specifications

6

SunLite GigE

2 Physical Description

RJ45 and SFP Ethernet ports

LEDs

IP(DHCP):169.254.38.159 Link Up:100 Mbps Full Duplex

COM (for service)

12:38:02

IP BERT RFC-2544 Loopback Throughput Features

Utility

Configuration

Off; press POWER to restart DC 12V

Measurement

Shutdown

About

F1

F2

F3

F4

F1

F2

F3

F4

Profile

Report

Function keys, F-keys

(Up), (Down), (Left), (Right), (Enter) keys USB port

P

C Esc

POWER

Set

Esc, POWER, and Set keys

Figure 1 SunLite GigE Screen View

GigE

7

2.1 Front Features 2.1.1 Keypad Functions POWER: Press and hold POWER until the SunLite GigE LEDs light up. To power off, press Shutdown (F1) from the main menu. In the message window, select . Alternatively, press and hold POWER for Shutdown using , , then press longer than four seconds. , , , : Move the cursor to select an item. Also often used to increase or decrease a selected value by 1. : After completing a setting or a data entry, press setting or confirm the data entry.

(enter) to activate the

Set: Switch between pre-programmed values for a selected item. Look for Set in this User’s Manual. Esc: Exit (escape) a menu by going back one screen. Look for Esc in this User’s Manual. F1, F2, F3, F4: Use these soft function Throughput Test keys for selecting the corresponding item Layer 2 in each menu shown on the bottom of Test Layer: Src MAC: 00 D0 DD 0F 80 00 the screen. See Figure 2 for the screen Dest MAC: 00 0D DD 08 00 01 relationships. • In this example, F1 is associated with Set, F2 is associated with Test, F3 is associated with Save, and F4 is associated with PgDn. • In this manual, F-keys are indicated in text such as Set (F1), Test (F2) and so on.

VLAN Tag VLAN1

VLAN2

VLAN3

Set

Test

Save

PgDn

F1

F2

F3

F4

Figure 2 F-Keys and Screen Relationships 2.1.2 LEDs There are four LED at the top of the front of the SunLite GigE. LINK/ACT: Flashing green indicates activity on the 10/100/1000Mbps link. PAT SYNC: Indicates Pattern Synchronization. SIGNAL/ERR: Indicates optical signal and error(s). POWER/BATTERY: Indicates Power and battery status. • Green: Normal battery power. • Red: Low battery. • Flashing red: Connect the SunLite GigE to the AC/DC adaptor as soon as possible.

8

SunLite GigE

2.2 Top Connectors RJ45 Port: Electrical Copper interface port that supports 10/100/1000 Mbps link. SFP Port: Fiber Optical interface for SFP transceivers, the port can support both the single-mode gigabit transceiver and multi-mode gigabit transceivers shown in Figure 3: • The SA580-850 dual duplex type LC, 850 nm transceiver: SA580-850

Tx Rx

SUNRISE TELECOM

850 nm Class 1 Laser Product

• The SA580-1310 dual duplex type LC, 1310 nm transceiver: SA580-1310

Tx Rx

SUNRISE TELECOM

1310 nm Class 1 Laser Product

• The SA580-1550 dual duplex type LC, 1550 nm transceiver SA580-1550

Tx Rx

SUNRISE TELECOM

1550 nm Class 1 Laser Product

Figure 3 Fiber Optic Transceivers

To Insert a Transceiver Caution: Use of non Sunrise Telecom transceivers will void the test set warranty. 1. Align the transceiver label side with the battery side of SunLite GigE . 2. Insert the transceiver into the SFP port. There will be a clicking sound when the transceiver is properly seated. 3. When ready for use, remove any protective caps on the interface end of the transceiver. To Remove a Transceive: 1. Install the protective cap on the interface end of the transceiver. 2. Grip the outer edge of the transceiver and pull it away from the SunLite GigE. The recommended optical cables are shown in Table 2. Sunrise P/N

Description

SA561

Standard 2 meter LCUPC to SCUPC duplex multi-mode patch cord.

SA562

Optional 2 meter LCUPC to SCUPC duplex single-mode patch cord.

Table 2 Fiber Optic Cables Note: The Electrical or Fiber interface is auto switched between the two. When both are connected, the fiber interface is active and the electrical interface is deactivated.

GigE

9

2.3 Right Side Connectors 12 V DC: Connect the supplied AC/DC adaptor to this port. Off: Powers the SunLite GigE down (off). COM: This port is used only by the factory. : USB: When a USB memory stick is inserted, the icon will turn from gray to black.

2.4 Back Side Features The battery is found under the panel on the back side of the SunLite GigE. 2.4.1 Battery Replacement When the battery does not hold a charge, it needs to be replaced. Use the following procedure: 1. Shutdown the SunLite GigE. 2. Remove the one screw that retains the battery cover. 3. Pull the cover away from the chassis. 4. Pull the battery away from the chassis. 5. Unplug the battery from the SunLite GigE. 6. Plug the new battery into the SunLite GigE. 7. Position the new battery into the chassis. 8. Place the cover in position and secure with the screw. 9. Connect the supplied AC/DC adaptor. 10. Charge the battery before use. 2.4.2 Battery Care and Storage Observe these basic battery care procedures to avoid possible damage to the battery and to maintain it’s performance. Warnings • Failure to observe the following procedures and precautions can result in electrolyte leaks, heat generation, bursting, fire, and serious personal injury. • Battery electrolyte is a strong colorless alkaline solution, which is extremely corrosive and will burn skin. - If skin comes in contact with the electrolyte from the battery, thoroughly wash the area immediately with clean water. - If clothing comes in contact with the electrolyte from the battery, discard the clothing. - If any fluid from the battery comes in contact with eyes, immediately flush thoroughly with clean water and consult a doctor. The electrolyte can cause permanent loss of eyesight. • Keep the battery out of reach of children. Cautions • Never dispose the battery in a fire. • Never heat the battery. • Never strike or drop the battery.

10

SunLite GigE

• Do not apply water, or other oxidizing agents to the battery. This will cause corrosion and heat generation. If the battery becomes rusted, the gas release vent may no longer operate and cause the battery to burst. • Do not charge the battery using an AC/DC adapter not specified by Sunrise Telecom. Charge the battery only with the Sunrise Telecom AC/DC adapter that came with the test set. - If the battery is not fully charged after the battery charger’s predetermined charging period has elapsed, stop the charging process. Prolonged charging may cause leakage of battery fluid, heat generation, and or bursting. - Charge the battery within a temperature range of 0°C (+32°F) to +40°C (+104°F). • Do not use the battery if it leaks fluid or changes shape; otherwise it may cause heat generation, bursting, and fire. • Do not short circuit the battery by connecting the positive (+) and negative (-) terminals together with electrically conductive materials, such as lead wires, etc. • Do not connect the battery directly to a power source or the cigarette lighter socket in a car. Use the optional specified cigarette lighter charger from Sunrise Telecom. • Never disassemble the battery. Doing so may cause an internal or external short circuit, or result in exposed material of battery reacting chemically with the air. It may also cause heat generation, bursting, and/or fire. • Never modify or reconstruct the battery pack. Protective devices are built into the battery pack. If damaged, excessive current flow may cause loss of control during charging or discharging of the battery, which can result in leakage of battery fluid, heat generation, bursting, and/or fire. • When the battery operating time becomes much shorter than its initial operating time even after recharged, the battery has reached its end of life and should be replaced with a new one. Extended Battery Storage • Fully charge the battery before storing. • Remove the battery from the test set as described in Section 2.4.1. • Do not store the battery in high temperatures, such as direct sunlight, in cars during hot weather, or near any other heat source. This will impair the performance and shorten the operating life of the battery, and may cause battery leakage. - For maximum battery life, store the battery between -20°C (-4°F) and +30°C (+86°F). • During storage, the battery will need to be regularly recharged. The interval ranges from approximately 30 to 90 days at temperatures between -20°C (-4°F) and +30°C (+86°F). In general, the higher the storage temperature the shorter the recharge cycle. - To recharge, install the battery into the test set and use the supplied Sunrise Telecom battery charger to recharge the battery. - Charge the battery within a temperature range of 0°C (+32°F) to +40°C (+104°F). • After long-term storage, there is a possibility that the battery will not fully recharge. To fully charge it, charge and discharge the battery for a few times. Use the test set to discharge the battery.

GigE

11

12

SunLite GigE

3 Operation and Menus 1. Make sure the battery is properly installed and it is fully charged before operation. 2. Plug in the cable into the RJ45 connector or insert in the desired SFP transceiver into the fiber slot for a fiber link. 3. Press and hold the Power key for three seconds to turn on the SunLite GigE. 4. When the power is on, the booting process will begin: • The screen will be blank while the firmware is loaded. • The LINK/ACT LED will blink, indicating that the system is booting. • The screen will display the Sunrise Telecom logo once the firmware has been loaded and the software is being loaded. 5. At the end of the process, the main menu screen appears, as in Figure 4: IP(DHCP):169.254.38.159 Link Up:100 Mbps Full Duplex

12:38:02

IP BERT RFC-2544 Loopback Utility Throughput Features Configuration Measurement

Shutdown

About

Profile

Report

Figure 4 Main Menu Screen Make selections using , , , . Once you make a selection, press

.

Note: Menu paths are indicated throughout this manual using this convention: Configuration/IP Config> means to: Select Configuration by using , , , , then select IP Config. A selection is indicated on the screen by a darkened box with white text, or by just a darkened box. >: Press

after a selection is made.

The upper section of the main menu screen conveys valuable information: • Current IP address mode (STATIC or DHCP) and the IP address that is assigned to the SunLite GigE after start up. In Figure 4; IP(DHCP):169.254.38.159. • Current time of day using a 24 hour format. In Figure 4; 12:38:02. • Link media, copper ( ), or fiber ( ). - Green indicates a connection. - White indicates no connection. • Link status, link speed, and link mode. In Figure 4 it: Link up: 100 Mbps Full Duplex. • Battery icon ( ). When the AC/DC adaptor is connected to a mains, the plug icon within the battery icon indicates that the system is plugged in and charging. The battery part of the icon shows the batteries current charge level; all green is 100%. GigE

13



The battery icon works with the SunLite GigE battery LED to indicate battery condition and when to connect the AC/DC adaptor for charging. When the LED flashes red, use the AC/DC adaptor.

•

: USB port. When a USB memory stick is inserted, the icon will turn from gray to black.

The following items are dependent on the menu selection, BERT Throughput is shown as an example: BERT Throughput Screen F-Keys Shutdown (F1): View a window with three choices: • Shutdown: Safely shutdown the SunLite GigE. • Reboot: Restart the SunLite GigE. • Quit: Escape from this window and return to the previous screen. Use ,

to make a selection, and press

to execute your choice.

About (F2): View the following basic information about the SunLite GigE: • • • • • •

Available memory Hardware version Firmware version FPGA version Serial Number (SN) MAC address

When finished viewing, press the Esc key. Profile (F3): Access saved BERT Throughput configurations (profiles) for use in running a BERT. See Section 3.1.1.2.2. Report (F4): View a list of all results saved on the unit. - Press Open (F1) to view the highlighted report. Scroll through the profile and test results, then press Return (F4). - Press Delete (F2) to delete the highlighted report. The main menu screen has the following selections arranged in a row near the top of the screen: • Configuration • Measurement The menus within these selections are discussed in the following subsections.

14

SunLite GigE

3.1 BERT Throughput BERT is used for testing and verifying the transmission quality of the Ethernet link. The BERT Throughput menu contains: • Configuration • Measurement 3.1.1 BERT Configuration The first screen displayed after entering BERT Configuration is shown on the top left of Figure 5. These screens show the configuration of each stream. Eight streams are available. To view each screen, use of each stream.

or

. See Section 3.1.1.1 for details on the parameters

Stream Table # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

On/Off

Stream Table

Structure MAC-VLAN3-MPLS1-IP-TCP MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC

Edit

Menu

Stat

Length 98 64 64 64 64 64 64 64

On/Off

Stream Table MAC Destination 00-0A-17-E1-10-01 00-0A-17-E1-10-02 00-0A-17-E1-10-03 00-0A-17-E1-10-04 00-0A-17-E1-10-05 00-0A-17-E1-10-06 00-0A-17-E1-10-07 00-0A-17-E1-10-08

On/Off

Edit

Stat

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 -

On/Off

Stream Table SNAP 00-00-00-00-00 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

On/Off

Edit

Menu

0000000000000000-

On/Off

Stat

VLAN - 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A -

1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Edit

MPLS 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 -

Menu

Stat

N N N N N N N N

Stat

Edit

Menu

Menu

Stat

MPLS 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 -

On/Off

Label N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A -

Edit

LLC 00-00-00 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Menu

Stat

Stream Table

IP Destination TCP/UDP Source Port 192.168.1.251 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

On/Off

Edit

MAC Destinatio 00-0A-17-E1-1000-0A-17-E1-1000-0A-17-E1-1000-0A-17-E1-1000-0A-17-E1-1000-0A-17-E1-1000-0A-17-E1-1000-0A-17-E1-10-

Stream Table Label N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A -

Stream Table

IP Source 192.168.1.250 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Menu

Edit

Stream Table MAC Source 00-D0-DD-DF-90-00 00-D0-DD-0F-90-00 00-D0-DD-0F-90-00 00-D0-DD-0F-90-00 00-D0-DD-0F-90-00 00-D0-DD-0F-90-00 00-D0-DD-0F-90-00 00-D0-DD-0F-90-00

Stream Table

Type Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Length

Menu

Traffic Constant,99% Constant,1% Constant,1% Constant,1% Constant,1% Constant,1% Constant,1% Constant,1%

Stat

TCP/UOP Dest. Port 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

On/Off

Edit

Pattern 2^31 - 1 2^31 - 1 2^31 - 1 2^31 - 1 2^31 - 1 2^31 - 1 2^31 - 1 2^31 - 1

Menu

Stat

Figure 5 BERT Stream Tables Stream Table F-Keys On/Off (F1): Select a stream using or , then press this F-key to switch the stream on or off. On is indicated by √, as shown in the top left screen in Figure 5. When on, the stream is used in the BERT. Edit (F2): Select a stream using See Section 3.1.1.1 for details.

or , then press this F-key to edit its parameters.

Menu (F3): Displays an on-screen sub-menu containing general settings and commands for the BERT. To make a selection in this menu, use or then press . Press Esc to escape from the sub-menu. See the Section 3.1.1.2 for details. Start (F4): View the BERT Statistics screens. See Section 3.1.2 for details.

GigE

15

3.1.1.1 Stream Configuration Using the following screens, configure each stream used in the BERT. Press EDIT (F2) in the BERT Stream Table to access the first screen after selecting a stream. Stream Configuration F-Keys On/Off (F1 or F2): Use or to select a BERT parameter, then press this F-key to switch it on or off. On is indicated by a check mark, as shown in Figure 8. When on, the item is used in the BERT. Edit (F2): Use or to highlight an item, then press this F-key to edit its parameters. See the following BERT parameters for details.

Stream Configuration #1 Frame Structure MAC

VLAN

MPLS

IP

TCP/UDP

PAYLOAD

Frame Size: Constant Mode:

%

Bytes

Ramp

Burst

Kbps

Mbps

Rate: On/Off



90

Traffic Shape

1 Edit

OK

% NEXT

Figure 6 Stream Configuration



OK (F3 or F4): When finished with the Stream Configuration screen, press OK to return to the BERT Stream Table screen, shown in Figure 6. NEXT (F4): Configure the next (on) stream from the BERT Stream Table screen. Common Configuration Actions To use just one stream, move the cursor key to the first entry field, and begin configuring it as required. The highlighted parameter (for example: IEEE 802.3 in the right screen of Figure 8, and Fixed in the left screen) is the active parameter; the one you can affect. Text is highlighted in white (IEEE 802.3) ; a field (MAC Src) is highlighted in blue. Oftentimes, you will press On/Off (F1) to turn the parameter on or off. Once on, it's configuration items become available. In Figure 8, pressing Edit (F2) on the highlighted MAC field brings up the MAC configuration screen shown to the left. To enter number data, such as MAC addresses and VLAN tags. • Use the +1, +10, or +100 F-key to increment the number by the indicated quantity. Press OK (F4) when you're through. - OR • Press on the configuration field (e.g. MAC Src on the right of Figure 6), and use the keyboard which appears to enter the data. Keyboard F-Keys

Mac Configuration

Del (F1): Delete the character just to the left of the cursor; erase a mistake

Frame Type Ethernet II IEEE 802.3 MAC Src.:

00

Type:

8848

LLC D0

DD

SNAP 0F

80

00

10:D0:D0:05:00:38 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F : Del

Clr

Enter

OK

Clr (F2): Delete all of the characters in the entry field; start over. Enter (F3): Add the highlighted (1, here) keyboard character to the field. OK (F4): Accept the changes and return to the previous screen.

Figure 7 Soft Keyboard Data Entry 16

SunLite GigE

Auto Fill: Many parameters may be filled out across multiple streams. To make this easier, use the Auto Fill feature. Action Column: Decide how the stream table will be filled out. • Fixed: The settings will be identical for all applicable streams. Apply the Fixed value to the current stream, from the current stream, or from the first stream in the Stream Table. • Increment: The settings will increase by one each time. Apply the Incremented value starting with the current stream, or with the first stream in the Stream Table. • Decrement: The settings will decrease by one each time. Apply the Decremented value starting with the current stream, or with the first stream in the Stream Table. • Random: The last several bytes of the setting are filled with a random value. Affect Stream: Decide how many streams are affected by the changes. • Current Only: The selected stream will only be affected. The Increment and Decrement options will have the same effect as Fixed. • From Current: The changes will affect the selected stream and all those that come after it in the Stream Table. • All Streams: The changes will affect all streams, beginning with the first stream in the Stream Table. Start (parameter): Enter the address/tag value that the BERT will start at. • Use +10 (F1) and +1 (F2) to set the digit, increasing the value by 10 or 1. to bring up the soft keyboard for • Use or to change the digit, or press data entry. • Use the default address by pressing Default (F3) • Press Apply (F4) to accept the changes and return to the previous configuration screen. BERT Throughput Parameters MAC Select √ (on) to use source and destination hardware addresses. Press Edit (F2) to configure the Mac Configuration screen shown on the left in Figure 8:

Mac Configuration

Source MAC Autofill

Frame Type

Action

Ethernet II

Type:

IEEE 802.3

8848

LLC

SNAP

MAC Src.:

00

D0

DD

0F

80

00

Dest MAC:

00

0D

DD

08

00

01

Affect Stream

Fixed

Current Only

Increment

From Current

Decrement Random

All Streams Start MAC:

Exc. Multi.

00

D0

DD

Exc. Bcst.

0F

80

00

Step Size: +10

Swap

Auto Fill

OK

On/Off

Swap

1 Apply

Figure 8 Mac Configuration and MAC Auto Fill Screens

GigE

17

Frame Type Select the type of frame used for the BERT, Ethernet II or IEEE 802.3 by pressing On/Off (F1). Type is fixed along with LLC and SNAP. MAC Src. and MAC Dst. Use +10 (F1) or the soft keyboard (described at the beginning of this subsection) to set the digit. Use or to change the digit of the MAC source and MAC destination addresses, or press Auto Fill (F3), and configure the Source or Dst. MAC. Auto Fill screen are shown on the right in Figure 8. The Source and Dst. MAC Auto Fill screens work in the same manner. Press 'Swap' to exchange the digits in the Src. and Dst. fields. MAC Auto Fill In the MAC Auto Fill screens, select the type of Action for the source/destination MAC address. Fixed: The MAC settings will be identical for all applicable streams. Apply the Fixed value to the current stream, from the current stream, or from the first stream in the Stream Table. Increment: The MAC settings will increase by one each time. Apply the Incremented value starting with the current stream, or with the first stream in the Stream Table. Decrement: The MAC settings will decrease by one each time. Apply the Decremented value starting with the current stream, or with the first stream in the Stream Table. Random: The last several bytes of the setting are filled with a random value. Exc. Multi.: Exclude Multicast addresses from the changes. Exc. Bcst.: Exclude Broadcast addresses from the changes. In the Affect Stream section select: Current Only: The selected stream will only be affected. The Increment and Decrement options will have the same effect as Fixed. From Current: The changes will affect the selected stream and all those that come after it in the Stream Table. All Streams: The changes will affect all streams, beginning with the first stream in the Stream Table. Start MAC: Enter the starting MAC address that the BERT will start by using +10 (F1) and +1 (F2) to set the digit. Use or to change the digit or use the default address by pressing Default (F3). Step Size: Determine the increment step between each MAC address. This only applies to Increment and Decrement. Use the soft keyboard or the +100 (F1), +10 (F2), and +1 (F3) F-Keys to set the digit. Use or to change the digit by 1 as well. When finished with the MAC Auto Fill screen, press Apply (F4) When finished with the MAC Configuration screen, press OK (F4).

18

SunLite GigE

VLAN Select √ (on) to use Virtual Local Area Network tags. Press Edit (F2) on the Stream Table to configure the VLAN screen shown on the left in Figure 9.

VLAN #1

#2

#3

TPID

:

8100

VLAN ID :

1

TPID

8100

:

VLAN ID :

1

TPID

8100

:

VLAN ID :

On/Off

1

VLAN 1 Autofill CFI

:

1

Pri. :

0

CFI

:

0

Pri. :

0

CFI

0 0

:

Pri. :

Auto Fill

Action

Affect Stream

Fixed

Current Only

Increment

From Current

Decrement

All Streams Start:

Step Size:

Pri.

0

1

CFI

1

1

VLAN ID

1

1

OK

On/Off

Apply

Figure 9 VLAN and VLAN Auto Fill Screens In the left VLAN screen shown in Figure 9 choose the number (#1, #2, #3) of VLAN tags to use in the BERT by pressing On/Off (F2). If √ (on) set: TPID: Tag control is fixed at 8100. CFI: The Canonical Format Indicator should almost always be set to 0 to be compatible with Ethernet switches. VLAN ID: Enter a VLAN ID from 0 to 4095. Pri: Enter the priority from 0-7. You may also use the VLAN Auto Fill screen shown on the right in Figure 9 to set the following actions for the VLAN tags: Fixed: The VLAN settings will be identical for all applicable streams. Apply the Fixed value to the current stream, from the current stream, or from the first stream in the Stream Table. Increment: The VLAN settings will increase by one each time. Apply the Incremented value starting with the current stream, or with the first stream in the Stream Table. Decrement: The VLAN settings will decrease by one each time. Apply the Decremented value starting with the current stream, or with the first stream in the Stream Table. For the selected action, select the affected streams: Current Only: The selected stream will only be affected. The Increment and Decrement options will have the same effect as Fixed. From Current: The changes will affect the selected stream and all those that come after it in the Stream Table. All Streams: The changes will affect all streams, beginning with the first stream in the Stream Table. Set the Start and Step size of: Pri.: 0-7 for both CFI: 0 or 1 for both VLAN ID: 0-4095 for both When finished with the VLAN Auto Fill screen, press Apply (F4) When finished with the VLAN screen, press OK (F4). GigE

19

MPLS Select √ (on) at MPLS in the Frame Structure of the Stream Configuration screen to use Multiprotocol Label Switching labels. Press Edit (F2) to configure the MPLS screen, as shown on the left in Figure 10. See Common Configuration Actions at the beginning of this subsection for details on filling in the data.

MPLS Unicast #1

#2

#3

Label :

MPLS 1 Autofill Action

Multicast 0

Exp. :

0

S :

1

TTL

:

0

Label :

0

Exp. :

0

S :

1

TTL

:

0

Label :

0

Exp. :

S :

1

TTL

:

Auto Fill

Affect Stream

Fixed

Current Only

Increment

From Current

Decrement

All Streams Start:

Step Size:

Label

0

1

0

Exp

1

1

0

TTL

1

1

OK

On/Off

Apply

Figure 10 MPLS and MPLS Auto Fill Screens In the MPLS screen (left of Figure 10), choose Unicast or Multicast MPLS tags by pressing On/Off (F1). Unicast: A unicast frame is destined to a single device. Multicast: A multicast frame is intended for multiple devices on the network. Next, select the number (#1, #2, #3) of MPLS tags to use as MPLS identifiers. Press On/Off (F2) if √ (on) is set. Use Auto Fill (F2), described at the beginning of this and use the soft keyboard subsection, to configure multiple streams, or press to configure the tag, also described at the beginning of this subsection. Label: Enter an MPLS label from 0-1048578. Exp.: Enter a number from 0-7. • This is generally used to distinguish class of service, or per hop behavior, for differing classes of traffic traveling within the MPLS tunnel (AKA Label Switched Path - LSP). S.: Enter an end of Stack label, 0 or 1. Represents the last MPLS label in the packet. TTL: Enter an Time To Live label that will expire at the conclusion of this number of time-to-live hops from 0-255. You may also use the MPLS Auto Fill screen shown on the right in Figure 10 to set the following actions for the MPLS tags: Action Fixed: The MPLS settings will be identical for all applicable streams. Apply the Fixed value to the current stream, from the current stream, or from the first stream in the Stream Table. Increment: The MPLS settings will increase by one each time. Apply the Incremented value starting with the current stream, or with the first stream in the Stream Table.

20

SunLite GigE

Decrement: The MPLS settings will decrease by one each time. Apply the Decremented value starting with the current stream, or with the first stream in the Stream Table. Affect Streams For the selected action, select the affected streams: Current Only The selected stream will only be affected. The Increment and Decrement options will have the same effect as Fixed. From Current:: The changes will affect the selected stream and all those that come after it in the Stream Table. All Streams: The changes will affect all streams, beginning with the first stream in the Stream Table. Set the Start and Step size of by using by using

or

to change the digit:

Label.: 0-1048578 for both Exp: 0-7 for both TTL: 0 or 1 for both When finished with the MPLS Auto Fill screen, press Apply (F4) When finished with the MPLS screen, press OK (F4). IP Select √ (on) at IP in the Frame Structure of the Stream Configuration screen to use Internet Protocol. Press Edit (F2) to configure the IP Address, as shown on the left in Figure 11. See Common Configuration Actions at the beginning of this subsection for details on filling in the data.

Figure 11 IP Address and IP Header Screens In the IP Address screen configure: IP Header Soft Keyboard

GigE

Note: To enter a number, select a field to edit by using , . Then use the soft keyboard, or the F-Keys, +100 (F1) or +10 (F2), to set the digit. Use or to change the digit. IP Source: Source IP address is the IP address of the SunLite GigE. Auto Fill is also available, it is described the Auto Fill section at the beginning of this subsection. IP Dst.: Enter a Destination IP address. Auto Fill is also available. IP GW: Enter a Gateway address. MAC Src.: View the MAC Source address. MAC Dst.: View the MAC Destination. address. 21

• Press ARP (F3) to retrieve the MAC Destination address An ARP message screen will pop up, reporting the finding. Mask: Enter a Subnet Mask address. You may edit the IP Header by pressing Header (F3) while in an IP parameter. IP Header Screen If desired, press Header (F3) in the BERT IP Address screen, and configure the IP Header, shown in Figure 11. IP Ver (Version) and Hdr (Header) Length are display only. Frag. Flag: Fragment Flags. Specify from 0-111; if unsure use 0. Frag. Offset: Specify the Fragment Offset byte count from the start of the original sent packet set by any router which performs IP router fragmentation from 0-4095. If unsure use 0. TOS: Select the Type Of Service in the Type Of Service screen shown to the right by pressing RFC1349 Edit (F2). Precedence(RFC 791): 000-Routine Note: You may also enter the code by Type of service: 0000-Normal Service pressing or in the IP Header MBZ: 1-Special screen. RFC2474 The prioritization of test traffic with Bit 0~5(DSCP) 000000 different Quality of Service settings, is based on the TOS (RFC 1349) or Bit 6~7(CU) 01 DSCP (RFC 2474) values. Set OK In the Type of Service screen set the Figure 12 Type Of Service following: • RFC1349: Prioritize the test traffic based on the Precedence and TOS values of the Type of Service field. - Precedence (RFC 791): Press Set (F3) to select one of the following: 000 - Routine 001 - Priority 010 - Immediate 011 - Flash 100 - Flash Override 101 - Internetwork Cntrl 111 - Network Cntrl - Type of Service: Press Set (F3) to select one of the following: 0000 - Normal Service 0001 - Min Monetary Cost 0010 - Max Reliability 0100 - Max Throughput 1000 - Min Delay - MBZ: The Must Be Zero field should be set to 0. Routers and recipients of datagrams ignore this field because it is currently unused. Unless testing as part of an Internet Protocol experiment that makes use of this bit, then the value should be 0. Press Set (F3) to select one of the following: 0 - Normal 1 - Special • RFC2474: If selected, use the default value of “001000 01” or enter any value in binary format (0 and 1 bits).

The first six bits (Bit 0~5) are the DS (Differentiated Services) filed bits, and the last two bits (Bits 6~7) are part of a CU (Currently Unused) field.



For further information on DS field values, see RFC 2474.

When finished with the Type Of Service screen, press OK (F4) to return to the IP Header screen.

22

SunLite GigE

IP Header, continued TTL: Select the number of hops (0-255) that a datagram can take to reach its destination before it is discarded. 64 and 128 are common settings. Identifier: Enter the identifier bits; 0000-FFFF. Protocol: Select the protocol number (0-255). If unsure use 6. The common numbers are shown in Table 3. Code 000 001 002 006 017

Abbreviation HOPOPT ICMP IGMP TCP UDP

Protocol IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Option Internet Control Message Protocol Internet Group Management Protocol Transmission Control Protocol User Datagram Protocol

Table 3 Protocols IP Header F-Keys • When finished configuring, press OK (F4) to return to the IP Address screen. • Press Restore (F3) to return to default settings. IP Auto Fill Screens Press Auto Fill (F2) in the IP Address screen, to configure the IP addresses for multiple streams at one time.

Source IP Autofill Action

Affect Stream

Dest. IP Autofill Action

Affect Stream

Fixed

Current Only

Fixed

Current Only

Increment

From Current

Increment

From Current

Decrement Start:

192

All Streams 168

1

Step Size:

250 1

On/Off

Apply

Decrement Start:

192

All Streams 168

1

Step Size:

251 1

On/Off

Apply

Figure 13 IP Auto Fill Screens Press Auto Fill (F3) while IP Source is selected to bring up he left screen in Figure 13. The right screen in Figure 13 shows the resulting screen when Auto Fill (F3) is pressed while IP Dst. is selected. Both screens work in the same manner. Use the Auto Fill screens to set the following actions for the IP Addresses: Action Fixed: The IP settings will be identical for all applicable streams. Apply the Fixed value to the current stream, from the current stream, or from the first stream in the Stream Table. Increment: The IP settings will increase by one each time. Apply the Incremented value starting with the current stream, or with the first stream in the Stream Table. Decrement: The IP settings will decrease by one each time. Apply the Decremented value starting with the current stream, or with the first stream in the Stream Table.

GigE

23

Affect Streams For the selected action, select the affected streams: Current Only: The selected stream will only be affected. The Increment and Decrement options will have the same effect as Fixed. From Current: The changes will affect the selected stream and all those that come after it in the Stream Table. All Streams: The changes will affect all streams, beginning with the first stream in the Stream Table. Set the following: Start: Enter the starting Source or Destination IP Address by using 100 (F1), 10 (F2), and 1 (F3) to set the digit. Use or to change the digit. Step Size: Enter the Step Size by pressing the key and using the soft keyboard, or use the +100 (F1), +10 (F2), and +1 (F3) F-Keys to set the digit, as explained at the beginning of the subsection. Use or to change the digit from 0-255. When finished with the IP Auto Fill screen, press Apply (F4) When finished with the IP Address screen, press OK (F4). TCP/UDP Select √ (on) at TCP/UDP in the Frame Structure of the Stream Configuration screen to use TCP/UDP. Press Edit (F2) to configure the TCP/UDP screen shown on the left in Figure 14.

TCP/UDP Ports

TCP Header Flags

Header Type

URG

TCP

PSH

UDP Src. Port : Dest. Port:

Header

RST

0

SYN

0

On/Off

FIN

OK

Seq NO.:

00

00

00

00

Ack NO.:

00

00

00

00

Data Offset:

0000

Reserved:

000000

Window Size:

00

00

Urgent Pointer:

00

00

On/Off

OK

Figure 14 TCP/UDP Ports and TCP Header Screens In the TCP/UDP Ports screen, shown on the left in Figure 14, choose a Header Type by pressing On/Off (F1): • TCP: Transmission Control Protocol is a core protocol of IP (Internet Protocol). TCP provides reliable, in-order delivery of a stream of bytes, making it suitable for applications like file transfer and e-mail. It is so important in IP that sometimes the entire suite is referred to as TCP/IP. TCP is the transport protocol that manages the individual conversations between web servers and web clients. TCP divides the HTTP messages into smaller pieces, called segments, to be sent to the destination client. It is also responsible for controlling the size and rate at which messages are exchanged between the server and the client. • UDP: User Datagram Protocol is a core protocol of IP. Using UDP, programs on networked computers can send short messages sometimes known as datagrams (using Datagram Sockets) to one another. UDP is sometimes called the Universal Datagram Protocol. 24

SunLite GigE

Soft Keyboard

In the same screen, choose the Src (Source) Port and Dst. (Destination) Port using the soft keyboard or the +10000 (F1), +1000 (F2), +100 (F3) F-Keys to set the digit. Use or to change the digit by one. Auto Fill is also available, it is described the Port Auto Fill section following. If TCP was selected, you may edit the TCP Header in the right screen shown in Figure 14: TCP Header Flags Choose Flags (Control bits) by pressing On/Off (F3) • • • • •

URG: Urgent pointer field. PSH: Push function. RST: Reset the connection. SYN: Synchronize sequence numbers. FIN: No more data from sender.

) or the +1000, +100, +10 Enter the following by using the soft keypad (press or +1 F-Keys to set the digit. Use or to change the digit by 1. • Seq NO.: Sequence Number (32 bits) has a dual role. If the SYN flag is present, then this is the initial sequence number and the first data byte is the sequence number plus 1. If the SYN flag is not present, then the first data byte is the sequence number. • Ack NO.: Acknowledgement number (32 bits). If the ACK flag is set then the value of this field is the next expected byte that the receiver is expecting. • Data Offset: This (4 bits) specifies the size of the TCP header in 32-bit words. The minimum size header is 5 words and the maximum is 15 words thus giving the minimum size of 20 bytes and maximum of 60 bytes. This field gets its name from the fact that it is also the offset from the start of the TCP packet to the data. • Reserved: This (4 bits) is for future use and should be set to 0000. • Window Size: This (16 bits) is the size of the receive window, which specifies the number of bytes (beyond the sequence number in the acknowledgment field) that the receiver is currently willing to receive. • Urgent Pointer: If the URG flag is set, then this 16-bit field is an offset from the sequence number indicating the last urgent data byte. When finished with the TCP Header screen, move to where OK (F4) is displayed and press it to return to the TCP/UDP Ports screen. TCP/UDP Port Auto Fill Screens The left screen in Figure 15 shows the resulting screen when Auto Fill (F4) is pressed while Src. Port is selected on the TCP/UDP Ports screen. The right screen in Figure 15 shows the resulting screen when Auto Fill (F4) is pressed while Dst. Port is selected. Both screens work in the same manner.

GigE

25

Source Port Autofill Action

Affect Stream

Dest. Port Autofill Action

Affect Stream

Fixed

Current Only

Fixed

Current Only

Increment

From Current

Increment

From Current

Decrement

All Streams

Decrement

All Streams

Start:

0

Start:

0

Step Size:

1

Step Size:

1

On/Off

Apply

On/Off

Apply

Figure 15 TCP/UDP Port Auto Fill Screens Action Fixed: The TCP/UDP port settings will be identical for all applicable streams. Apply the Fixed value to the current stream, from the current stream, or from the first stream in the Stream Table. Increment: The TCP/UDP port settings will increase by one each time. Apply the Incremented value starting with the current stream, or with the first stream in the Stream Table. Decrement: The TCP/UDP port settings will decrease by one each time. Apply the Decremented value starting with the current stream, or with the first stream in the Stream Table. Affect Streams For the selected action, select the affected streams: Current Only: The selected stream will only be affected. The Increment and Decrement options will have the same effect as Fixed. From Current: The changes will affect the selected stream and all those that come after it in the Stream Table. All Streams: The changes will affect all streams, beginning with the first stream in the Stream Table. Set the following: Start: Enter the starting Source or Destination Port by using the soft keyboard (press ) or the +10000 (F1), +1000 (F2), +100 (F3) and +10 (F1) F-Keys to set the digit. Use or to change the digit by one. Step Size: Enter the Step Size by using 10000 (F1), 1000 (F2), 100 (F3) and 10 (F4) to set the digit. Use or to change the digit from 0-65535. When finished with the Port Auto Fill screen, press Apply (F4). When finished with the IP Address screen, press OK (F4).

26

SunLite GigE

PAYLOAD Select (on) to use PAYLOAD. Press Edit (F2) to configure the Test Pattern screen, shown in Figure 17. Invert Pattern: Press On/Off to transmit the selected test pattern inverted. This works with the following patterns: 2^31-1, 2^23-1, 2^20-1, 2^15-1 and 2^7-1. Press Set (F3) to scroll through the choices. User is also available. Sequence Number: Press Set (F3) to enable. Time Stamp: Press Set (F3) to enable.

Test Pattern Invert Pattern Sequence Number Time Stamp: Test Pattern:

User

User:

00

Set

00

OK

Figure 16 Test Pattern Screen

Notes • Measurements will only display counters for Lost Frames, Duplicate Frames, and Out-of-Sequence frames if Sequence Number is checked. • SunLite GigE measures the time it takes for each test frame to pass through the DUT. The value reported for latency only applies when the far end is in loopback mode. If two test sets are performing and end-to-end Throughput test with the Sunrise Tag enabled, the displayed latency results will not be accurate. Test Pattern: Press Set to select a pattern. Here are the definitions. • 2^31-1: Industry-standard 231-1 pseudo random bit sequence. This signal is formed from a 31-stage shift register and is not zero-constrained. This pattern contains up to 30 zeros in a row. • 2^23-1: Industry-standard 223-1 pseudo random bit sequence. This signal is formed from a 23-stage shift register and is not zero-constrained. This pattern contains up to 22 zeros in a row. • 2^20-1: Industry-standard 220-1 pseudo random bit sequence. This signal is formed from a 20-stage shift register and is not zero-constrained. This pattern contains up to 19 zeros in a row. • 2^15-1: Industry-standard 215-1 pseudo random bit sequence. This signal is formed from a 15-stage shift register and is not zero-constrained. This pattern contains up to 14 zeros in a row. • 2^7-1: Industry-standard 27-1 pseudo random bit sequence. This signal is formed from a 8-stage shift register and is not zero-constrained. This pattern contains up to 7 zeros in a row. • 1111: Industry-standard all 1s pattern. • 0000: Industry-standard all zeros pattern. • Increment: The payload is filled with incremental bytes: 00 01 02 03... • Decrement: The payload is filled with decremental bytes: FF FE FD FC... • User: If selected, enter a two byte custom hexadecimal test pattern in the User fields. User: Enter a custom hexadecimal test pattern, using the soft keyboard (press ) or the +10 (F2) and +1 (F1) F-Keys to set the digit. Use or to change the digit by one. Soft Keyboard

GigE

When finished with the Test Pattern screen, press OK (F4) to return to the Stream Configuration screen.

27

Stream Configuration, continued Frame Size Enter the total length of the Ethernet frame, in bytes. Use +1000 (F1), +100 (F2) and/or +10 (F3) to set the digit. Use or to change the digit by 1. The frame length includes the MAC header and the Frame Check Sequence, but not the Preamble or Start of Frame Deliminator. The SunLite GigE allows for undersized and oversized frames. The maximum frame size is 12,000 bytes. Table 4 shows the minimum values based on format. Format

Undersized

Oversized

Minimum Allowed

MAC

Under 64

Over 1518

30

MAC + VLAN

Under 68

Over 1522

34

MAC + 2 VLAN

Under 72

Over 1526

38

MAC + 3 VLAN

Under 76

Over 1530

42

MAC + IP

Under 64

Over 1518

58

Note: Each VLAN tag or MPLS label increases the minimum allowed frame size by 4 bytes. Table 4 10/100/1000M Ethernet Frame Length Options Traffic Shape: Set the traffic shape. • Constant: Traffic is transmitted at a constant rate (from 0—100% rate with steps of 1%) for the entire duration of the test. The following options are available when Constant is selected: - Mode: Set the test for a constant percentage entered at Rate. - Kbps: Set the test for a constant Kbps entered at Rate. - Mbps: Set the test for a constant Mbps entered at Rate. ) or the +1000 (F1), +100 (F2), and/ - Rate: Use the soft keyboard (press or +10 (F3) F-Keys and or to change the constant selected rate. s 2AMP 4RAFFIC IS TRANSMITTED AT A VARIABLE RATE FROM 3TART 2ATE BETWEEN   TO 3TOP 2ATE BETWEEN   WITH INCRE MENTSOF3TEP2ATEAND3TEP3IZE BETWEEN   4HE RAMP CAN BEREPEATEDFORTHEDURATIONOFTHE TEST 4O CONFIGURE THE 2AMP OPTIONS PRESS %DIT & AND THE 2AMP #ONFIGURATIONSCREENTOTHERIGHTIS DISPLAYED WITH THE FOLLOWING OPTIONS

Ramp Configuration Repeat Duration:

Seconds

Start Rate:

0

kbps

Stop Rate:

100

kbps

Step Rate:

10

kbps

Step Duration:

10

s

On/Off

OK

Figure 17 Ramp Configuration

- Repeat: The Ramp will repeat continuously during the test by pressing On/ Off (F3). - Duration: This is set for Seconds. - Start Rate: Use or to enter 0-100%, default is 0%. - Stop Rate: Use or to enter 0-100%, default is 100%. - Step Rate: Use or to enter 0-100%, default is 10% - Step Duration: Use or to enter 1-999s (seconds), default is 10s. 28

SunLite GigE

When finished, press OK (F4) to Return to the Stream Configuration screen. s "52344RAFFICISTRANSMITTEDATA VARIABLE RATE 4HE TRAFFIC WILL BE TRANSMITTEDAT"ANDWIDTHRATE FROM   FOR $URATION  SECONDS THEN AT "ANDWIDTH  RATE FROM   FOR $URATION  SECONDS 4HIS SEQUENCE IS REPEATED FOR THE DURATION OF THE TEST 4O CONFIGURE THE "URST OPTIONS PRESS %DIT & ON THE 3TREAM #ONFIGURATION SCREEN 4HE "URST #ONFIGURATIONSCREENISDISPLAYED WITHTHEFOLLOWINGOPTIONS

Burst Configuration Bandwidth #1:

100

%

Duration #1:

10

s

Bandwidth #2:

0

%

Duration #2:

10

s

+10

+1

OK

Figure 18 Burst Configuration

For the following items, use the soft keyboard or +100 (F1), +10 (F2), +1 (F3) For to enter the required digits. Keys and - - - -

Bandwidth #1: Enter 0-100%; default is 100% Duration #1: Enter 0-999 s (seconds); default is 10s. Bandwidth #2: Enter 0-100%; default is 0% Duration #2: Enter 1-999 s (seconds); default is 10s

When finished, press OK (F4) to Return to the Stream Configuration screen. When finished with the Stream Configuration screen, press Next (F4) to go to the next √ (on) Stream Configuration screen, or press OK (F3) to return to the Stream Table where you can start your BERT.

GigE

29

3.1.1.2 Menu F-key Commands The Menu (F3) F-key found in the Stream Table contains the following commands:

Soft Keyboard

• Reset Statistics; clear the counts and start counting anew. • Clear LEDs; clear historical data from the LEDs. • Measurement Setup; set the Test Duration and Start Tx Coupled options. See Section 3.1.1.2.1 • Save Profile; save the test setup under a Filename, which you can then retrieve. • Save Report: Save the measurements into a file. • Run Test: Start the test, if no measurement has been started. See Section 3.1.2. • Stop Test: Stop the test, if a measurement has been started. See Section 3.1.2. • Optical Power Meas.: View the Optical Power Measurement screen. See Section 3.5.4.

3.1.1.2.1 Measurement Setup Use this screen to control the duration of the BERT. Select either Continuous testing; you control the stop time by manually stopping the BERT, or select Time, and enter a BERT duration from 0-9999 seconds. Make your selections by pressing On/Off (F3). Enter a duration using the soft keyboard, or the up/down keys and +1000 (F1), +100 (F2), and +10 (F3) F-keys to set the digit. When finished, press OK (F4) to return to the Stream Table screen.

Figure 19 Test Duration Screen

Start TX Coupled: Checked, the transmitter will start at the same time as the receiver when the test starts. Unchecked, it won't.

30

SunLite GigE

3.1.1.2.2 Save Profile Use this screen to save the settings made for the Stream Table for latter use. Profile management applies to the current test mode only. Creating a Profile 1. Use the procedures found in Section 3.1.1 to set up a BERT. 2. From the Stream Table, press Menu (F3). 3. Select Save Profile, and press . 4. In the Save File screen entry field, shown to the right, enter the file name. Press to use the soft keypad, or use the keypad keys to scroll through the available characters to create a unique Filename.

Save File

Filename: Stream_00000000

Save

Cancel

Figure 20 Save File Screen

5. When finished, press Save (F3) to save the profile. • Press Cancel (F4) to escape without saving the profile. • If the file name is used by another file, a dialog box will appear. Select Yes to overwrite the existing file, or No to escape and return to the Save File screen. Selecting a Profile to Run a BERT 1. In the main menu screen, with BERT Throughput selected, press Profile (F3) to view the Stream Profiles selection screen shown to the right. 2. Use and along with Next (F4) to select a saved profile. 3. Press Open (F1), and a Stream Table screen will open with the saved profile displayed. 4. Press Menu (F3), and select Run Test to perform the BERT.

Stream Control File

Delete



PgDn

Figure 21 Stream Profiles

Deleting a Profile 1. In the main menu screen with BERT Throughput selected, press Profile (F3) to view the Stream Profiles screen, shown in Figure 21. 2. Use and and/or Next (F4) to select a saved profile. 3. Press Delete (F2). A dialog box will be displayed asking “Do you really want to delete this setting?”. 4. Use or to select Yes to delete the profile, or No to escape, after pressing .

GigE

31

3.1.2 Run Test After selecting a profile in the main menu screen or configuring a BERT, start the test by pressing Menu (F3) in the Stream Table, then selecting Run Test from the sub-menu. The first screen is shown on the left in Figure 22. Use the Statistics View screens to view network statistics information, which will help determine network condition and analyze the possible causes of any network problems. Statistics View F-Keys Prev (F1) and Next (F2): View each stream under test or view the Aggregate screens. Note: The Statistics View-Stream screens report the same information as the Statistics View-Aggregate screens, except that the information is for each stream under test. Menu (F3): This f-key contains a submenu with the following commands: Press the key again to exit the submenu without making a selection. • • • • • •

Reset Statistics: Clear the current statistics. Clear LEDs: Clear LED data. Run Test: Start the BERT, if no test is running. Stop Test: Stop the BERT, if a test is running. TX On: Start transmitting, if transmission is not Coupled. Error Inject: Inject a preset error. Available only when a test is running. See Section 3.1.2.1 for configuration details. • Optical Power Meas.: View the Optical Power Measurement screen. See Section 3.5.4.

PgDn (F4): View the next available screen. The scroll bar on the right of the screen indicates the displayed screen. You can also use , . Figure 22 shows the Aggregate Statistics View screens: Statistics View-Aggregate Rx Rx Rx Rx Rx Tx Tx Tx Tx Tx

fps Frames Utilization(%) Line Rate Bandwidth fps Frames Utilization(%) Line Rate Bandwidth Prev

Next

3 34343691 100.00% 1000.00 Mbps 3.4 kbps 0 34343690 100.00% 1000.00 Mbps 0.0 kbps Menu

PgDn

Statistics View-Aggregate Rx Pause frame VLAN Unicast Multicast Broadcast FCS Error Dribble Error Alignment Error Collisions Undersized Prev

Next

Menu

Statistics View-Aggregate VLAN Unicast Multicast Broadcast FCS Error Dribble Error Alignment Error Collisions Undersized Oversized

0 0 34343600 20 71 0 0 0 0 0 PgDn

Prev

Next

0 34343600 20 71 0 0 0 0 0 0 Menu

PgDn

Figure 22 Statistics View-Aggregate Screens Rx fps: Received frames per second. Rx Frames: Number of valid received frames. Rx Utilization (%): Received utilization rate. Rx Line Rate: Received line rate. Rx Bandwidth: Received bandwidth in Kbps or Mbps. Tx fps: Transmitted frames per second. Tx Frames: Number of valid transmitted frames. 32

SunLite GigE

Tx Utilization (%): Transmitted utilization rate. Tx Line Rate: Transmitted line rate. Tx Bandwidth: Transmitted bandwidth in Kbps or Mbps. Frame Loss: Number of frames lost if sequence number is enabled Rx Pause Frames: Number of received pause frames. VLAN 1/2/3 Frames: Number of valid received VLAN frames. Figure 23 shows details of a VLAN tag. VLAN Tag Conforming to IEEE 802.1Q and IEEE 802.1P TCI 16 bits

P C 3 bits 1 bit

VID 12 bits

TCI: Tag Control Information set to 8100 (hex). P: IEEE 802.1P Priority level, set between 0 and 7. C: Canonical indicator set to 0. VID: VLAN ID, set between 0 to 4095.

Figure 23 VLAN Tag If timestamp is enabled, following counters apply. Inter-Frame Delay Min.: The minimum inter-frame delay in nanoseconds. Inter-Frame Delay Max.: The maximum inter-frame delay in nanoseconds. Inter-Frame Delay Avg.: The average inter-frame delay in nanoseconds. Inter-Frame Delay Var.: The variation of inter-frame delay in nanoseconds. Error Inject Frames: Number of error injection frames. General statistics, continued Broadcast: Number of valid received Broadcast frames. Multicast: Number of valid received Multicast frames. Unicast: Number of valid received Unicast frames. Bit Error Count: Number of bit errors detected. Bit Error Ratio: Bit error ratio detected. IP Checksum Error: Number of received frames with IP checksum error. FCS Error: Number of received Frame Check Sequence errors. Dribble Error: Number of received frames with dribble error. Alignment Error: Number of received frames with alignment error. Collisions: Number of received frames with collisions. Undersized: Number of received undersized frames. Oversized: Number of received oversized frames.

GigE

33

3.1.2.1 Error Injection Once a test is running, select Error Inject from the Menu (F3) to inject errors into streams. 1. Select the stream/s to inject errors into; press Set (F2) to use the stream (S1-8). 2. Select the Error Type to inject: Bit, CRC, IP Checksum. 3. Select the Mode: * Manual: Errors are injected once in the burst size (Rate). * Auto: Errors are injected at the Rate set.

Figure 24 Error Injection Configuration Press Set (F2) to make a selection, such as a stream (S1-8) to use or the injection Mode. Manual Mode • Errors are injected once in the burst size (Rate) when you press Inject (F3). • Press Inject repeatedly to inject multiple bursts of errors. • Cursor to Rate to enter the number of errors to inject in each burst. Auto Mode • Errors are injected at the Rate set. • Cursor to Rate and enter the number of errors to send per second. • Press Start (F3) to start injecting errors. You may then want to look at the statistics to see the results. • Return to the Error Injection screen and press Stop (F3) to stop injecting errors. • Make sure to stop injecting errors when you are done testing.

34

SunLite GigE

3.2 IP Features The IP Features menu contains: • • • • •

IP Config Link Status Ping ARP Scanning Trace Route

3.2.1 IP Config As seen in Figure 25, the SunLite GigE supports both DHCP (Dynamic IP) and Static (fixed) modes.

IP Configuration Mode

IP Configuration Mode

DHCP

DHCP

Static

Static

Expired Date: 2008/06/12 Acquired IP: 192.168.001.252 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.000 DHCP Gateway IP: 192.168.001.006 DNS IP: 192.168.001.009 DHCP Server IP: 192.168.001.023 Return

Release

IP Address

192

168

1

252

Subnet Mask

255

255

255

0

Gateway

192

168

1

23

DNS IP

192

168

1

23

+100

+10

+1

Save

Figure 25 IP Configuration Screens To change Modes, press the keypad Set key and the Mode will toggle. DHCP Mode Dynamic IP mode automatically acquires the IP address from a DHCP server when the SunLite GigE is started up. The DHCP screen (shown on the left in Figure 25) reports the following information given out by the DHCP server: • • • • • •

Expired Date Acquired IP address Subnet Mask address DHCP Gateway IP address DNS IP address DHCP Server IP address

DHCP Screen F-Keys Return (F1): Return to the previous screen. Release/Acquire (F4): Release the IP address of SunLite GigE from the DHCP server. Press again to acquire a new address from the DHCP server. Static Mode Use this mode when a DHCP server is not available on the network to be tested. When Static is selected, the screen shown on the right in Figure 25 is displayed. Fill in the addresses. IP Config Soft Keyboard GigE

To select a field to edit, press and use the soft keyboard which appears, or use the +100 (F1), +10 (F2), or +1 (F3) F-Keys and , . to set the value. 35

When finished, press Save (F4). A message is displayed asking if you wish to reboot. Press to confirm, or press the Esc key to escape. 3.2.2 Link Status The Link Status screen, shown on the left in Figure 26, reports the current link status. The Link Control screen, shown on the right in Figure 26, lets you control the link parameters used to negotiate and activate the link status with a remote partner.

Link Status Link Status 1.Link: 2.Duplex:

Link Partner Up

Full Duplex

3.Speed:

Link Control

100 M

1000F 1000H 100F 100H 10F

4.Link Quality:

Good

5.Flow Control:

On

Flow Control

On

Auto Nego.

6.Auto Nego.:

10H

Control

Return

Link Status Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex

Link Control

Link Partner 1000F

1000F

1000H

1000H

100F

100F

100H

100H

10F

10F

10H

10H

Flow Control

Flow Control

Auto Nego.

Auto Nego.

Apply

Set

Status

Return

Figure 26 Link Status Screens Link Status Screen Link Status The left Link Status screen in Figure 26 reports the status of the SunLite GigE side of the link, in the Link Status column: Link: Current link status, Up or Down. Duplex: Current link mode, Full or Half. Speed: Current link speed,10, 100, or 1000 Mbps. Link Quality: Current link quality, it is Good if link is Up. Flow Control: The flow control capability of the SunLite GigE. Auto Nego.: The auto negotiation capability of the SunLite GigE. Link Partner The Link Partner column in the Link Status screen reports the following information for the remote device that the SunLite GigE is connected to. A check mark indicates supported items. 1000F: Support for 1000Mbps Full Duplex. 1000H: Support for 1000Mbps Half Duplex. 100F: Support for 100Mbps Full Duplex. 100H: Support for 100Mbps Half Duplex. 10F: Support for 10Mbps Full Duplex. 10H: Support for 10Mbps Half Duplex. Flow Control: Support for flow control capability. Auto Negotiate: Support for Auto Negotiate capability.

36

SunLite GigE

Link Control Screen Access the Link Control screen by pressing Control (F3) in the Link Status screen, shown in Figure 26. Activate (check mark) or deactivate (no check mark) the parameters in the Link Control (SunLite GigE) column. Use or to select a parameter, then press Set (F2) to change its status. When finished, press Apply (F1) to activate the link with the selected parameters. The red status line of text under the Link Control header will update to reflect the new parameters if successfully implemented. If not, a warning message, “Link Mode Fail!”, will be displayed; press any key to return to the Link Control screen. When finished, either press Return (F4) to display the main menu screen, or press Status (F3), to display the Link Status screen.

GigE

37

3.2.3 Ping Use Ping to test and analyze the remote Ethernet connection. The SunLite GigE Ping function allows up to sixteen user definable profiles (files). You can setup Ping Test parameters and save them for later use. Each profile can be reviewed and edited by pressing PgDn (F4). Figure 27 shows the Ping Setup screen on the left, and Ping Result screen on the right.

Ping Setup

Ping Result

Profile Number:

No. 3 4

#1

Remote IP Address: 192

168

1

100

Frame Size(Bytes):

64

Timeout(100ms):

40

Repeat Count: 100

10

Non-Stop Ping

PgDn

Bytes 64 64

Time 1 ms 1 ms

TTL 128 128

-- END -Ping statistics: Sent Received Loss 4 4 0 Approximate round trip time Minimum Maximum Average < 1 ms 10 ms 3 ms Return

Figure 27 Ping Screens Configure the Ping Setup. Profile Number: Use Next (F4) to select a profile (1-16). Remote IP Address: Set the IP address to Ping. ) or , along • Use or to select the field. Use the soft keyboard (press with +100 (F1) and +10 (F2) to change the fields value. Frame Size (Bytes): Desired frame size of the sent ping frame. Use , along with +100 (F1) and +10 (F2) to change the fields value. Timeout (100 ms): Time in 100 ms units before the connection is timed out. • This is the longest time allowed for the remote client to respond. • Use , to change the fields value. Repeat Count: The number of loop counts that you wish to send ping test frames. Use , to change the fields value or press NonStop (F1) to continuously ping the remote IP address. If any item is changed, Save (F3) is available. It allows you to overwrite the selected Profile Number displayed above Remote IP Address with your new entries. Start the Ping Test When ready, press Ping (F2 or F3) to start the test. The Ping Result screen is displayed if the link is up with the following ping statistics: • No.: Count of the ping. • Bytes: Frame size of the ping. • Time: Round trip time of the ping. • TTL: Time To Live of the ping. • Maximum, Minimum, and Average round trip time for all pings. • Ping Interval: The interval between ICMP (Ping) packets A summary of the Ping statistics is shown below the results field. View the entire window by moving the scroll bar cursor using , . When finished, press Stop (F4) or Return (F4). 38

SunLite GigE

3.2.4 ARP Scanning Use ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) Scanning to discover all network devices within the same network number where the SunLite GigE is connected. All the devices will be discovered and along with their MAC address, IP address, and domain host name. If a duplicate IP address is found during the scan, the SunLite GigE will display a warning about the two devices, and show each device’s MAC address for your attention.

ARP Scan Setup

ARP Scan Result No. 37 38 39

Remote IP Address Range: Start:

192 . 168 . 1 . 0

Device count:

IP 192.168.1.209 192.168.1.210 192.168.1.211

MAC 00:18:F3 00:11:2F 00:c0:9F

-- END --

256 ARP Scan Statistics Sent Received 256 39

100

10

Scan

Return

Save

Loss 217 Return

Figure 28 ARP Scan Screen The SunLite GigE will automatically scan the devices in the range of IP addresses specified in the ARP Scan Setup screen, shown on the left in Figure 28. ARP Scan Setup Start: If necessary, reenter the desired Start IP address by using or to select the field. Use the soft keyboard (press ) or , along with +100 (F1) and +10 (F2) to change the fields value. Device count: Select the maximum Device count (256, 512, or 1024) for the scan by pressing Set (F2). Start the Scan When ready, press Scan (F3). During the process of scanning the ARP Scan Results screen (on the right in Figure 28) will display “Request ARP...Please Wait”. It will then display any responses as shown in the right screen. Use

, , , and

to view the results.

Note: During the scanning process, If there is duplicate IP address found among two network devices, the SunLite GigE will display a warning message about the two devices and show each device’s MAC address. If desired, press Save (F3), a file saved message is displayed. Press any key to return to the ARP Scan Result screen. To access a saved ARP Scan, highlight or select BERT in the main menu in order to see Profile and Report. Press the appropriate view F-Key. When finished, press Return (F4).

GigE

39

3.2.5 Trace Route Use Traceroute to trace all the nodes in the route to that remote device. During the test, the system will display each node’s IP address and its domain host name. Figure 29 shows the Traceroute Setup screen on the left, and Traceroute Result screen on the right.

Traceroute Setup

Traceroute Result Trace completed.

Remote IP Address: 192

168

1

100

Hop Limit:

30

Timeout(100ms):

40

+100

+10

+1

Trace

No. 15 16 17 18

IP 222.213.1.202 222.213.1.202 222.236.8.3 222.236.12.216

Host Na No DNS No DNS No DNS No DNS

---END---

Return

Figure 29 Traceroute Screens Traceroute Setup Remote IP Address: Set the IP address to trace, using , to select the field. Use the soft keyboard (press ) or , along with +100 (F1), +10 (F2), and +1 (F3) to change the field value. Hop Limit: Use , of hops.

along with +10 (F2) and +1 (F3) to set the maximum number

• The default value is 30. Timeout (100 ms): Time, in 100 ms units, that is allowed for a packet to pass through a node. • If the response time is longer than this reply timer, it will be treated as no response. Use the soft keypad or , to change the field value. • The maximum is six seconds. Start the Trace Route Test When ready, press Trace (F4) to run the test. The Traceroute Result screen is displayed with the following results: • No.: Number of the hop • IP address of the node. • Host Name if available Use

, , , and

to view the results.

When finished, press Return (F4).

40

SunLite GigE

3.3 RFC-2544 RFC-2544 tests are designed to perform the benchmark tests for both the network performance and the functions of the internet devices. The main purpose of RFC2544 is to test and confirm the actual performance of the internet link and also the network devices in the link. Select RFC-2544 on the main menu to perform the tests. RFC-2544 provides you with the test result which is a combinations of a series of tests. Each individual test reports the result of its performance. For example, the frame loss rate at a particular frame TX rate. Therefore, during the test, there will be many measurements constructed from different parameters applied to the test. The SunLite GigE provides the following RFC-2544 defined tests: • • • • •

Throughput Test Frame Loss Test Back to Back Test Latency Test Auto Test

To perform the tests, you'll need two SunLite test sets working as a pair. The SunLite GigE acts as master (TX), the other SunLite GigE or Responsder is the slave (RX). Only the master needs to be setup to run the test, while the slave needs only to be deployed at the remote site and in an idle on state. The SunLites must be setup with different MAC and IP address. The master is the source, and the slave is the destination in the test configuration. The destination and source addresses must be setup correctly in order to perform a successful test.

GigE

41

3.3.1 RFC-2544 Throughput Test

Throughput Test Test Layer:

Throughput Test

Layer 2

Test Layer:

Layer 3

MAC Source:

00

D0

DD

0F

80

00

MAC Source:

00

D0

DD

0F

80

00

MAC Dst.:

00

D0

DD

08

00

01

MAC Dst.:

00

D0

DD

08

00

01

VLAN Tag

VLAN Tag

VLAN1

Set

VLAN2

Test

VLAN2

Save

PgDn

VLAN1

VLAN2

VLAN2

IP Source:

192

168

100

100

IP Dst:

192

168

101

251

Set

Test

Save

PgDn

Throughput Test Test Pattern:

RANDOM

TxFrames:

0001

TxRate(Initial%): 100

0000

Final %: Delta %:

010 Fixed

Frame Size Mode: Frame Size: Set

060

1518 Test

Save

PgDn

Figure 30 RFC-2544 Throughput Test Configuration A Throughput Test Is used to determine DUT (Device Under Test) throughput as defined in RFC-1242. It is defined as the number of bits transmitted per second through the DUT or the network without losing data or dropping frames. The SunLite GigE will send the specified number of frames at the specified TX rate to the DUT and then count the frames that are received from the DUT. A Layer 2 configuration screen is shown on the top left and a Layer 3 configuration screen is shown on the top right in Figure 30. The bottom screen is common to both Layer 1 and 2 configuration screens. Configure the following in the top screens shown in Figure 30: Test Layer: Select Layer 2 or Layer 3 by pressing the keypad Set key. MAC Source and MAC Dst.: Enter a MAC address source (local hardware address) and a destination MAC address (remote device hardware address). Note: When Dst. MAC is selected, Broadcast (F1) is available, if desired, use it to enter the broadcast MAC address of FF FF FF FF FF FF. VLAN: Press Set (F3) if the test frames need to carry VLAN tags. • If used, you may configure the VLAN Header by pressing Edit (F2). The VLAN Header screen is shown next:

42

SunLite GigE

Protocol Identifer 1/2/3: Use Set (F3) to choose the value: 0x8100, 0x9100, 0x9200. VLAN ID: Enter a number (0-4095) using and along with +1000 (F1), +100 (F2), +10 (F3). Pri: Enter a VLAN Priority number (0-7) using and . When finished, press OK (F4) to return to the Throughput Test configuration screen.

VLAN Header Protocol Identifer 1: VLAN ID:

1

0x8100 PRI:

Protocol Identifer 2: VLAN ID:

2

0x9100 PRI:

Protocol Identifer 3: VLAN ID:

3

0

0 0x9200

PRI: Set

0 OK

Figure 31 VLAN Header Screen Throughput Test Parameters, continued IP Source: Manually enter an IP Source (local network layer address) if Layer 3 was selected for Test Layer. IP Dst.: Manually enter an IP Destination address (network layer address of the remote device) if Layer 3 was selected for Test Layer. When finished, press PgDn (F4) to configure the bottom screen in Figure 30: Test Pattern: Press the Set key to select: • RANDOM: The test pattern is selected randomly from the listed patterns. • ALL 0’S: Industry-standard all zeros pattern. • ALL 1’S: Industry-standard all ones pattern. • ALT 0/1: Industry-standard alternating one and zero pattern. • ALT 1/0: Industry-standard alternating zero and one pattern. • INC BYTE: The payload is filled with incremental bytes: 00 01 02 03.... • INC WORD: The payload is filled with incremental words: 00 01 00 02 00 03. • DEC BYTE: The payload is filled with decremental bytes: FF FE FD FC.... • DEC WORD: The payload is filled with decremental words: FF FF FF FE FF FD.... Tx Frames/Tx (Second): Number of frames for the test or this can be set to timer mode for the transmit duration by pressing the Set key. Then enter the number of ) or the and keys, along seconds (0-9999) using the soft keyboard (press with +1000 (F1), +100 (F2), and +10 (F3). Tx Rate (Initial %): Enter the Initial Transmit Rate percentage using the soft keyboard or / . Tx Rate Final %: Enter the Final Transmit Rate percentage using the soft keyboard or / . This is the final rate when the test is failed and the transmit operation is stopped for that frame size in the test. Tx Rate Delta %: Enter a percentage using or . This is the decremented transmit rate when the current test is failed and the transmit rate will be decremented by this delta rate for next transmit rate in the test. Frame Size Mode: Press the Set key to select Auto, Fixed, or User. • For Auto, the frame size is randomly picked from 64, 128, 256, 512.... Frame Size: This is available when Frame Size Mode is set for Fixed. • Press the Set key to select from:64, 128, 256, 512, 768, 1024, 1280, or 1518. • Alternately use the soft keyboard, or and along with +1000 (F1), +100 (F2), +10 (F2) to set the Frame Size. GigE

43

User-Defined Frame Size: Available when User is set as the Frame Size Mode. • Press Edit (F2) to access the User-defined Frame Size screen, shown next. Check the frames (1-8) you want to use by pressing Set (F3), then set the size (in bytes) for each selected frame. Cursor to the frame size field, then press to access the soft keyboard, or use the cursor keys and +1000 (F1), +100 (F2), and +10 (F3) F-Keys to enter the value.

Figure 32 User-defined Frame Sizes • Press OK (F4) when you are done. You will return to the Throughput Test screen. Throughput Test F-Keys Set (F1): Use instead of the Set key for selecting a value. Test (F2): Start testing. See Section 3.1.2. Save (F3): Save the test configuration as a Profile. See Section 3.1.1.2.2 for details. PgDn (F4): Access the next screen. 3.3.1.1 Throughput Test Results When ready, press Test (F2) to start the test. When test is first started, the SunLite GigE will start transmitting using Tx Rate (Initial %) setting with a Frame size set to 64 bytes if Frame Size Mode is set to Auto. If Frame Size Mode is set to Fixed (1518 bytes in the figure), it will use the frame size that was entered. If Frame Size Mode is set to User, the custom frame sizes will be used. The “Failed” message (shown to the Throughput Test right) displays when there is a frame Frame Size 1518 Bytes loss. When “Failed” appears, the TX Tx fps 0 rate will be decremented by the Delta Tx frames 100000 TX rate to a lower rate and the test is Tx Rate(%) 100% Tx Bandwidth 0.0 kbps automatically restarted using the Message RX Pause frame 0 same frame size. Rx frames 0 Frame Loss --- FAILED 0 --This continues until there is no frame Unicast ! 0 loss or until the final TX rate is Multicast 0 reached. At this moment, If frame size Stop PgDn is set to Fixed, the entire test is stopped, and the results screen is Figure 33 Throughput Test Screen displayed. with Fail Message While the Auto frame size mode is used, the current frame size for the test will be ended, and proceed to the next loop using the next higher frame size. This starts at 64, 128, 256, 512, 768, 1024, 1280, and ends at 1518. The SunLite GigE also set the TX rate back to the initial TX rate, and continue the test again as above testing steps until the final 1518 bytes frame size is done in the entire test.

44

SunLite GigE

Throughput Test F-Keys Stop (F3): Stop the test. These F-Keys are available after the test is stopped: Test (F1): Restart the test. Review (F2): View the results. Sample screens are shown in Figure 34:

Throughput Test

Throughput Test

100 Mbps Full Duplex Tx Initial Rate: 100 % Tx Delta Rate : 10 % Tx Final Rate : 60 % Loop Frame Size (Byte) Tx Rate(% 1 64 100 2 64 90 3 128 100

Test

Review

Save

Return

100 Mbps Full Duplex Tx Initial Rate: 100 Tx Delta Rate : 10 Tx Final Rate : 60 Tx Frames Rx Frames Frame 10000 0 10000 10000 10000 0 10000 10000 0

Test

Review

Save

% % % Lo

Return

Figure 34 Throughput Test Results Screens Use , , , and to view the following results (Figure 34). • Loop, test cycles • Frame Size in bytes • Tx Rate (%) • Tx Frames, transmitted frames • Rx Frames, received frames • Frame Loss Save (F3): Save the test results. See Section 3.1.1.2.2 for file naming procedures. Press F1 to save, or press F4 to escape. To view a saved test, press Report (F4) in the main menu screen, while RFC-2544 is selected. Return (F4): View the Throughput Test setup screen. PgDn (F4): View the statistics of the on-going test.

GigE

45

3.3.2 Frame Loss Test This test is used to determine the frame loss rate, per RFC 1242, of a DUT throughout the entire range of input data rates and frame sizes. It runs continuous traffic, monitoring for lost frames. The test is repeated for different frame sizes at user specified transmit rate. It measures the offered load as a percentage of the Maximum Line rate at which no frames are lost. To configure, use the procedures and screens found in Section 3.3.1. When ready, press Test (F2) to start the test. See Section 3.3.1.1 for screen operations and test results. 3.3.3 Back to Back Test This test defines as the maximum number of frames that can be sent in a fixed period of time without frames being dropped. The objective is to characterize the ability of a DUT to process back-to-back frames per RFC-1242. The test procedure will first send a burst of frames at user specified frame size and TX rate to the DUT and count the number of frames forwarded by the DUT. If the count of transmitted frames is equal to the number of frames forwarded, then increase the length of the burst as user specified and rerun the test. The back-to-back value is the number of frames in the longest burst that the DUT will handle without the loss of any frames. The trial length will be started with the initial timer set by the user and will be repeated until there is any frame loss reported, or when the final timer is reached without any frame loss. To configure, use the procedures and screens found in Section 3.3.1. When ready, press Test (F2) to start the test. See Section 3.3.1.1 for screen operations and test results. 3.3.4 Latency Test This test is to used to determine frame latency per RFC-1242. Before performing this test, a Throughput test should be performed at each of the desired frame sizes to determine the TX rate for the latency test. The latency test measures the average time that elapses between sending traffic and receiving it. The SunLite GigE measures latency delay as the round trip delay. Frames are transmitted at a user specified rate for user specified period of time (at least 1 second), then a tagged frame is inserted and its round trip time monitored. The test is usually repeated eight times, and the average, maximum, and minimum times are recorded. To configure, use the procedures and screens found in Section 3.3.1. When ready, press Test (F2) to start the test. See Section 3.3.1.1 for screen operations and test results. See Figure 35 for the results.

46

SunLite GigE

Latency Test 100 Mbps Full Latency Max: Latency Min: Latency Avg: Frame Size : Loop Latency(ct) 1 10.03 us 2 10.03 us 3 10.03 us

Test

Review

Latency Test

Duplex 20 us 10 us 12 us 64 Bytes Latency(sf) 3.91 us 3.91 us 3.91 us

Save

100 Mbps Full Duplex Latency Max: 20 Latency Min: 10 Latency Avg: 12 Frame Size : 64 cy(ct) Latency(sf) Tx Frames s 3.91 us 148096 s 3.91 us 148096 s 3.91 us 148096

Return

Test

Review

Save

us us us Bytes

Return

Figure 35 Latency Test Results Screens This screen reports: • • • •

Latency, Maximum, Minimum, and Average round trip delay Frame Size used for the measurement Number of Loops (test cycles) Latency (ct-cut through) and Latency (sf-store and forward)

3.3.5 Auto Test Enter up to eight RFC-2544 tests in a specified sequence in the Auto Test screen. Each sequence is automatically saved as a Profile. Save up to eight profiles. Setting up a Profile 1. In the Auto Test Profile Selection Screen select a Profile Number by pressing PgDn (F4). 2. Press Type (F1) to select an RFC-2544 test for the No. 1 line. 3. Select the No. 2 line and press Type Auto Test (F1) to select another RFC-2544 test. you can enter up to eight tests. Profile Number #1 No. Note: NONE is used to disable an 1 Throughput Test entry line. 2 Frame Loss Test 4. When you escape form the screen 3 Back to Back Test 4 Latency Test the Profile is automatically saved. 5 NONE To select a saved profile, access the 6 NONE Auto Test Profile Selection screen, and select a Profile Number by pres Type Edit Test PgDn sing PgDn (F4). Figure 36 Auto Test Profile Selection Auto Test Profile Selection Screen F-Keys Type (F1): Select a RFC-2544 test or NONE to disable an entry line. Edit (F2): Edit the selected RFC-2544 test. See Sections 3.3.1—3.3.4 for details. Test (F3): Initiate the selected profile to begin testing. PgDn (F4): Select a profile to run or edit.

GigE

47

3.4 Loopback The Loopback menu contains: • Loopback Filter • Loopback Mode 3.4.1 Loopback Filter After power on, the SunLite GigE receives all incoming packets from the network. In some applications, when troubleshooting a network or analyzing the network traffic, it can be useful to filter specific packets to loop back. The Loopback Filter screen displayed depends on if the Loopback Filter is turned on. DISABLE shown on the left in Figure 37, ENABLE shown on the right.

Loopback Filter Loopback Filter: Broadcast:

ALLOW

Loopback Filter

DISABLE Keep Alive:

ALLOW

Multicast:

ALLOW

Loopback Filter:

ENABLE Keep Alive:

Broadcast:

ON

Multicast:

Source MAC Type: SA:

Return

View

Apply

Figure 37 Loopback Filter Screens

Return

ON EQUAL

00

D0

DD

0F

00

D0

DD

0F

Dest. MAC Type: DA:

ON

80

07

EQUAL

View

Apply

80

10

PgDn

See the left screen in Figure 38.

Loopback Filter F-Keys Return (F1): Escape back to the main menu screen. View (F2): View a listing of received statistics. See Section 3.1.2. Apply (F3): Apply the currently displayed settings. PgDn (F4): If available, view the next screen. To select settings, use , . To change the option, press the Set key. Configure the following: Loopback Filter Options: Disable, Enable • Disable,: No specific filters are used, and all packets are looped through. This is the default setting. • Enable: Available filters can be configured. Note: When disabled, Keep Alive, Broadcast and Multicast filters are still active. The default scenarios of Loopback suppose to drop all Keep Alive, Broadcast and Multicast packets. This applies to Layer 2/3 Loopback only. If the loopback Layer is set to Layer 1, all packets are loopbacked without filtering. Keep Alive Options: Allow, Drop • Allow: Keep Alive packets are passed through and counted. • Drop: Keep Alive packets are dropped and not counted. Broadcast Options: Allow, Drop • Allow: Broadcast packets are passed through and counted. • Drop: Broadcast packets are dropped and not counted. 48

SunLite GigE

Multicast Options: Allow, Drop • Allow: Multicast packets are passed through and counted. • Drop: Multicast packets are dropped and not counted. At this point, if Loopback Filter was set for Disable, press Apply (F3) to activate your choices and press Return (F1) to view the main menu screen. If Loopback Filter was set for Enable, continue with the rest of the settings shown in the right screen of Figure 37. MAC Source Type Options: Any, Equal, Not If the SA (Source Address) line is available, enter an address using , to select a field, and , to change it’s value. • Any: This field in the packets is not checked. This is the default setting. The SA line will not be displayed. • Equal: This field in the packets is checked. If the value in the packet matches the value specified in the Loopback filter, the packet is looped. Otherwise the packet is dropped. • Not: This field in the packets are checked. If the value in the packet doesn’t match the value specified in the Loopback filter, the packet is looped. Otherwise the packet is dropped. MAC Dst. Type Options: Any, Equal, Not If the DA (Destination Address) line is available, enter an address using , to select a field, and , to change it’s value. • Any: This field in the packets is not checked. This is the default setting. The SA line will not be displayed. • Equal: This field in the packets is checked. If the value in the packet matches the value specified in the Loopback filter, the packet is the packet is looped. Otherwise the packet is dropped. • Not: This field in the packets are checked. If the value in the packet doesn’t match the value specified in the Loopback filter, the packet is looped. Otherwise the packet is dropped. Press PgDn (F4) to view the next screen, shown on the left in Figure 38. In this screen choose the filtering rules used on the received IP header packets.

Loopback Filter

Loopback Filter

IP Mode:

Any

VLAN Mode:

IP Source Type:

Equal

VLAN Identifier:

1

VLAN ID:

IP Source:

192

168

IP Dst. Type: IP Dst.:

192

168

250

Equal 0x8100 0

Equal

Data Pattern Type:

1

Pattern Length:

250

Priotiy:

0 Equal

1

Offset:

12

Src. Port Type:

Equal

Port#:

0

Pattern: 00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Dst. Port Type:

Equal

Port#:

0

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Return

View

Apply

PgDn

Return

View

Apply

PgDn

See the right screen in the Figure 37. Figure 38 Loopback Filter Screens, 2 and 3

GigE

49

IP Mode Options: ANY, IP Only, TCP/IP Only, or UDP/IP Only Select a type of filtering. • ANY: All headers are not checked. This is the default setting. • IP Only: Only IP packets are looped back. • TCP/IP Only: Only TCP packets are looped back. • UDP/IP Only: Only UDP headers are looped back. IP Source Type and IP Source The criteria for these two fields are the same as in the MAC Source Type, but it applies to the source IP address of the IP header. Dst. IP Type and Dst. IP Criteria for these two fields are the same as in the MAC Source Type, but it applies to the destination IP address of the IP header. Source Port Type and Source Port The criteria for these two fields are the same as in the Source MAC Type, but it applies to the source port of the IP packet. Dst Port Type and Dst Port The criteria for these two fields are the as in the Source MAC Type, but it applies to the destination port of the IP packet. Press PgDn (F4) to configure items for VLAN Tag filtering and Data (Test) Pattern filtering, as shown in the right screen in Figure 38. VLAN Mode Options: Any, Equal, Not Set the filter rule on the receiving packet to the type as: • Any: The received packet is any type (either VLAN or not VLAN type). • Equal: This field in the packets are checked. If the value in the packet matches the value specified in the Loopback filter, the packet is looped. Otherwise the packet is dropped. • Note: This field in the packets are checked. If the value in the packet doesn’t match the value specified in the Loopback filter, the packet is looped. Otherwise the packet is dropped. VLAN Identifier Options: 0x8100, 0x9100, or 0x9200 If the VLAN Mode is set to Equal or Not, enter the VLAN identifier in this field for the match, by pressing the Set key. VLAN ID Options: 0-4095 Enter a specific VLAN ID in the VLAN tag of the received packet for filtering. VLAN Priority Options: 0-7 Enter a specific VLAN priority in the VLAN tag of the received packet for filtering. Data Pattern Type Set the filter rule on the received packet to the type of data pattern as: • Any: Data patterns are not checked. • Equal: The data pattern must match the entered one, to allow the received packet to be counted in the Statistics View screen. • Note: The data pattern must not match the entered pattern to allow the received packet to be counted in the Statistics View screen. 50

SunLite GigE

Data Pattern Length Options: 1-16 Enter the number of bytes in the data pattern. Data Pattern Offset Options: 12-1498 Set the byte offset of where the data pattern is located in the received packet. It must be after the source MAC address. Data Pattern Enter a data pattern as desired for the filter. • The maximum pattern length is 16 bytes long. • Only the specified Data Pattern Length is valid for the filter matching.

GigE

51

3.4.2 Loopback Mode Use Loopback Mode (selected from the main menu Loopback menu) to send packets back to the original source, with source and destination addresses swapped. The SunLite GigE will loopback the received packets from a test set with the following rules: • All frames will be looped unchanged including invalid frames, unless filtered in Loopback Filter. • MAC layer, source and destination MAC address are swapped. • IP layer, source and destination IP and MAC address are swapped. • If Layer 1 is selected, all packets are looped back unchanged. Loopback Mode allows you to perform a complete analysis of the traffic because the same generated traffic is returned to be analyzed. This is required with RFC2544 or BERT measurements because the procedure typically demands that a single piece of test equipment is responsible for test pattern generation and analysis. The SunLite GigE provides an intelligent loopback at Layer 2 or Layer 3 (IP layer). The tester must provide an ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) for discovering the network route. It is also advantageous that filters are provided so that broadcast traffic , and any other IP address that is not relevant to the test procedure, does not undergo the loopback process. This will control the amount of traffic on the network, to prevent possible overload. The SunLite GigE will automatically respond to the ARP packet from the source while in loopback mode, using the any enabled filtering. Also, ARP packets will be replied by the SunLite GigE anytime regardless loopback mode is running or not. Configure the following: Mode Options: Manual (F1), Respond (F2), Control (F3) The configuration screen presented is dependent on the selected Mode. Manual: The Loopback mode screens for Manual Layer 1 are shown in Figure 39:

Loopback Mode

Loopback Mode

Mode: Manual

Link Status:Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex

Format: Layer 1

LAYER 1 MANUAL LOOPBACK TEST IN PROGRESS DO NOT DISTURB

MAC: Manual

00-D0-DD-0F-80-07 Respond

Control

Start

Stat

Stop

See Section 3.1.2.

Figure 39 Manual Layer 1 Loopback Mode Screens

52

SunLite GigE

Format Options: Layer 1 (F1), Layer 2/3 (F2) • Layer 1: No further configuration is required. Press Start (F4) in the setup (left screen in Figure 39) to begin the loopback. The active (right) screen then displays. When finished, press Stop (F4). • Layer 2/3: INo further configuration is required. Press Start (F4) to begin the loopback with the right screen shown in Figure 39. When finished, press Stop (F4). • In the left screen of Figure 40, the SunLite GigE's current MAC and IP addresses are displayed, so the remote traffic generator can specify the valid destination addresses in the packets to traverse through routed network, to reach SunLite GigE for loopback.

Loopback Mode

Loopback Mode

Mode: Manual

Link Status:Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex

Format: Layer 2/3

LAYER 2/3 MANUAL LOOPBACK TEST IN PROGRESS DO NOT DISTURB IP ADDR: MAC: Manual

192

168

1

MAC: 00-D0-DD-0F-80-07

250

IP: 192.168.1.250

00-D0-DD-0F-80-07 Respond

Control

Start

Stat

Stop

See Section 3.1.2.

Figure 40 Manual Layer 2/3 Loopback Mode Screens Respond: The Loopback mode screens for RESPOND are shown in Figure 41:

Loopback Mode

Loopback Mode

Mode: Respond

Link Status:Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex WAITING... MAC: 00-D0-DD-0F-80-07

IP ADDR:

192

168

1

250

IP: 192.168.1.250

MAC:00-D0-DD-0F-80-07 Manual

Respond

Control

Start

Stat

Stop

See Section 3.1.2. Figure 41 Respond Loopback Mode Screens IP ADDR Enter an IP address that the SunLite GigE will respond to, using , to select the field. Use , along with 100 (F1), 10 (F2), and 1 (F3) to change the field value. When finished, press Start (F4)/ The right screen shown in Figure 41 appears. When finished, press Stop (F4).

GigE

53

Control: The Loopback mode screens for Control are shown in Figure 42:

Loopback Mode Mode: CONTROL Format:

Command:

Loopback Mode

LOOP-UP

LAYER 2/3

MAC SRC: 00

0A

17

E1

10

00

MAC DST: 00

D0

DD

0B

01

00

VLAN: ENABLE

P:

0

VID:

IP SRC:

192

168

1

0

IP DST:

192

168

1

1

Manual

Respond

Control

Link Status:Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex LOOP UP VERIFICATION PLEASE WAIT...

0

Start

Stat

Stop

See BERT results.

Figure 42 Control Loopback Mode Screens Configure the following for CONTROL mode: Command: Select a loop command to perform. Options: Loop-up (F1), Loop-dn (F2) • Loop-up: Send a loop up command to a remote responder (test set). • Loop-dn: Send a loop down command to a remote responder (test set). Format: Determine the format of the loop up and loop down commands. Options: Layer 1 (F1), Layer 2/3 • Layer 1: The test set can transmit a Layer 1 loop up or loop down command to a remote test set configured as a responder. Upon receiving the Layer 1 loop up command, the remote test set will retransmit unmodified incoming frames. • Layer 2/3: the test set can transmit a Layer 2/3 loop up or loop down command to a remote test set configured as a responder. Upon receiving the Layer 2/3 loop up command, the remote test set will retransmit the incoming frames and swap the source and destination MAC and IP address fields.

Note: Layer 2/3 loopback can only be used in a network where the source and destination IP addresses are located in the same network (direct routing). It can’t function through a gateway.

Configure the following if Layer 2/3 is selected for Format: MAC SRC: Enter the local MAC Source address (hardware address) of the SunLite GigE. MAC DST: Enter the MAC address (hardware address) of the remote test set (responder). VLAN: Enable if the loop up and loop down commands need to carry a VLAN tag. If enabled, enter the P (Priority, 0-7) and VID (VLAN ID, 0-4095) parameters. IP SRC: Manually enter the local IP address (network layer address) of the test set. This is displayed only for if LAYER 3 is selected. IP DST: Manually enter the IP address (network layer address) of the remote test set (responder).

54

SunLite GigE

When ready, press START (F4). The test set will be placed in controller mode. It will send a loop up or loop down frame. When the loop up command is transmitted, the test set will verify that the remote test set (responder) is properly looped up. During this time, the test set screen displays: “LOOP-UP VERIFICATION PLEASE WAIT...”. If the loop up is successful, the screen displays: “LOOP-UP SUCCESSFUL”. If loop up is not achieved, the screen displays: “LOOP-UP FAILED”. When a loop down command is transmitted, the test set will verify that the remote test set (responder) is properly looped down. During this time, the screen displays: “LOOP-DOWN VERIFICATION PLEASE WAIT...”. If the loop down is unsuccessful, the screen displays: “LOOP-DOWN SUCCESSFUL”. If the loop down is successful, the screen displays: “LOOP-DOWN FAILED”.

GigE

55

3.5 Utility The Utility menu contains: • • • • •

Misc Setup Flash Port Cable Length Optical Power Firmware Upgrade

3.5.1 Miscellaneous Setup

Miscellaneous Setup MM:DD:YY HH:MM:SS

6 15

Beeper Mode

17 49

2008 17 Yes

Shutdown Timer(Min):

0

Screen Saving(Min):

0 Save

Return

Figure 43 Miscellaneous Setup Screen The Miscellaneous Setup screen is used to set basic operation parameters of the SunLite GigE. In this screen, cursor to the field, then use the soft keyboard (press to change the setting.

) or /

MM:DD:YY: Set the Month, Date, and Year of the SunLite GigE calendar. HH:MM:SS: Set the SunLite GigE clock in Hours: Minutes: Seconds. The clock uses a 24 hour format. Beeper Mode: Choose whether or not to have a beep sound at each keystroke. Press the Set key to select Yes or No. Shutdown Timer(Min): Set a shut down time from 1-999 minutes. Set to 0 to deactivate this timer. Screen Saving(Min): Set a screen shut down time from 1-240 minutes. • This feature is useful for prolonging battery life. Once the SunLite GigE is in screen saving, press any key to activate the screen. Set to 0 to deactivate this timer. When finished, press Save (F3) to save your changes. Press any key to continue. Press Return (F4) to display the main menu screen.

56

SunLite GigE

3.5.2 Flash Port Use the Flash Port screen to determine the port that it is connected to at the remote side of the cable. By flashing the port link LED, you can easily locate the port in network devices (hub, switch, or router) that the cable under test is connected to. It can also be used for finding a cable. Flash Port

Flash Port

Flash Port

Flash ‘On’ Timer 3 Seconds

Flash ‘On’ Timer 3 Seconds

Flash ‘On’ Timer 3 Seconds

PORT LED:

PORT LED:

Start

Return

Stop

ON Return

Stop

OFF Return

Figure 44 Flash Port Screens In the setup screen, shown on the left in Figure 44, enter the time in seconds (1-99) for the Flash ‘On’ Timer using , . When ready, press Start (F3). The remote port LED will be on for the Seconds entered. When timed out, the port LED will be off momentarily, then cycle back on again for the entered time. When finished, press Stop (F3). Press Return (F4) to view the main menu. 3.5.3 Cable Length Use the cable test to measure the length of copper Ethernet cable (meters or feet). View whether the cable is OK, SHORT, or OPEN for each cable Pair.

Cable Test Pair

Length(Meter)

1-2

Configuration and √ VLAN . 2. Press Edit (F2) and configure as follows: 3. Choose the number of VLAN tags (1 to 3). 4. Press Auto Fill (F3) and choose the type of Action you wish to make: • Fixed: All steams will have the same value. • Increment or Decrement: The VLAN tag will be different for each stream, starting with the selected stream. The starting point will be the first stream in the stream table. 5. Choose where you would like to apply those changes in Affect Streams: • Current Only: Only the selected stream will be affected. Fixed, Increment, and Decrement will all have the same effect. • From Current: The selected stream and all those that follow it will be affected. Streams located higher up on the stream table will be unaffected. • All Streams: All streams are affected. 6. Choose which fields you wish to modify by checking the appropriate boxes: Pri., CFI, and/or VLAN ID. • Set the Starting value you wish to use. • Set the Step Size you wish to use. • For Fixed modification, step size is disabled. • For Increment or Decrement, select your step size. 7. When finished, press Apply (F4). 8. In the VLAN screen, press OK (F4). 9. In the Stream Configuration Screen, press OK (F3) if finished, or press Next (F4) to configure another stream. Example Suppose you have eight streams that have the same VLAN ID (such as 100) but you want each to have a different priority. 1. Select Stream Configuration #1 2. Select VLAN and press EDIT (F2) 3. Check #1. 3. Press Auto Fill (F3). 4. For Action, select Fixed. 5. For Affect Streams select From Current Stream. 6. Check the VLAN ID box. 7. Set the VLAN ID Start field to 100. 8. Leave the User Priority and CFI boxes unchecked. 9. Press Apply (F4). Note that the VLAN #1 setting updates in the VLAN screen. 10. Check #2 11. Press Auto Fill (F3). 12. For Action, select Increment. 13. For Affect Streams select From Current Stream 14. Check the Pri. box. 15. Set the Pri. Start field to 0. 16. Set the Pri. Step Size to 1. GigE

67

17. Leave the CFI and VLAN ID boxes unchecked. 18. Press Apply (F4). Note that the VLAN #2 setting updates in the VLAN screen. 19. Press OK (F4).

5.4 Layer 3 BERT-Indirect Routing In a Layer 3 environment, as shown in Figure 50, where the testers are located in different networks, indirect routing through a gateway must be used. In this case, you will run an IP Throughput test. This configuration is referred to as indirect routing because tester 1 cannot transmit traffic directly to tester 2, traffic in this case is routed by the gateway(s). Layer 3 Device (Router) IP(DHCP):169.254.38.159 Link Up:100 Mbps Full Duplex

Far End MTT-GigE, MTT-GR, STT-Metro, or SSMTT series SSMTT-28/ SMTT-29 modules.

12:38:02

BERT IP RFC-2544 Loopback Utility Throughput Features Configuration Measurement

Shutdown

About

Profile

Network

Report

SunLite GigE Near-end

Layer 3 Device (Router)

Fiber or Copper

Figure 50 Layer 3 BERT, Indirect Routing Setup 1. • • •

Connect the SunLite GigE to the circuit as in Figure 50. If using an 850 nm optical transceiver, then use the SA561 cable. If using either a 1310 or 1550 nm optical transceiver then use the SA562 cable. If using the copper interface, then use a standard copper Ethernet cable.

2. Turn on each tester. Each tester automatically negotiates with the link partner device to bring the link up. Refer to the top line of each screen for information on the status of the link or to the LINK/ACT LED. 3. From the SunLite GigE main menu, select BERT Throughput > Configuration.

A. Configure as follows: In Frame Structure: Check MAC. Press Edit (F2) and configure: Frame Type: IEEE 802.3 Type: 0000 MAC Src. and MAC Dst.: Set these addresses to the appropriate values. If performing the test between two testers back-to-back, they should have the same addresses, except with Src and Dst reversed.

B. When finished, press OK (F4). 4. In Frame Structure, check VLAN (if needed). Press Edit (F2) and configure each VLAN tag as needed. See Section 3.1.1.1 VLAN for configuration details.

When finished, press OK (F4).

5. In Frame Structure, check MPLS (if needed). Press Edit (F2) and configure each MPLS tag as needed. See Section 3.1.1.1 MPLS for configuration details. 68

SunLite GigE



When finished, press OK (F4).

6. In Frame Structure, check IP. Press Edit (F2) and set the IP Address mode and enter the appropriate IP addresses needed for either Static or DHCP. See Section 3.1.1.1 IP for configuration details.

When finished, press OK (F4).

7. In Frame Structure, check TCP/UDP. Press Edit (F2) and configure the TCP/ UDP Ports as needed See Section 3.1.1.1 TCP/UDP for configuration details.

When finished, press OK (F4).

8. In Frame Structure, check PAYLOAD. Press Edit (F2) and configure: Sequence Number & Time Stamp: Ver 1 Test Pattern: 2^23-1

When finished, press OK (F4).

9. In Frame Structure select Frame Size and set the desired frame size. • 64 or 1518 bytes are used most often since these represent the normal minimum and maximum frame size allowed by the network. 10. In Traffic Shape, set the Traffic Shape to Ramp and press Edit (F2).

Note: Ramp was selected for this test so that the switch would not be immediately inundated with full bandwidth traffic. Also, by slowly increasing the bandwidth over the course of 90 seconds, one can correlate the traffic rate that causes lost frames, should they occur.

11. In the Ramp Configuration screen, set: Repeat: Unchecked Duration: Seconds. Start Rate:10% Stop Rate: 100% Step Size: 10% Step Duration 10 seconds.

When finished, press OK (F4).

12. Press OK (F4). 13. In the Stream Table use up to eight streams, configure each stream as needed using the pervious procedure. 14. In the SunLite GigE Stream Table, press Menu (F3) and select Run Test to start the BERT. The Statistics View Aggregate window will open automatically. Wait a few moments and you should see no errors in Bit Error Count and Bit Error Ratio. See Section 3.1.2 for interpretation of the results.

GigE

69

5.5 RFC-2544 Testing RFC-2544 testing uses three out-of-service tests: throughput, latency, and frame loss rate. Use Auto Test to automatically run them at various frame sizes, to provide a clear picture of the operational characteristics of the device or network. The tests can take from a minutes to a few hours depending on the throughput of the network and the test parameters (duration of each test, frame sizes, resolution, etc.). The fourth test, Back-to-Back, is used less often. If applied to a live network, the test traffic required for RFC-2544 will interfere with customer traffic and can result in disrupted service and erroneous test results. Straight Through Setup

Shutdown

About

Profile

Copper or DUT Fiber

Report

SunLite GigE Straight Forward Coordination of Both Ends

Shutdown

About

Profile

Report

Copper or DUT Fiber

Loopback Device

SunLite GigE Figure 51 RFC-2544 Testing Setups 5.5.1 RFC-2544 Test Configurations Test Layers RFC-2544 is designed for Layer 2 and Layer 3 devices. As such, each test frame must have a valid MAC header, preamble, and interpacket gap. For testing Layer 3 devices, such as routers, a valid IP header is also required. Though VLAN support is not mentioned in RFC-2544, VLAN-based services should include the appropriate VLAN tags. Unframed testing, where the payload data is not encapsulated into a valid Ethernet frame, is not compatible with RFC-2544 device testing. The SunLite GigE uses a frame payload that consists of a sequence number, a time stamp, and a user selected test pattern. The sequence number and time stamp are used to accurately measure lost frames and latency, respectively. Frame Sizes Standard frame sizes for Ethernet testing are 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1280, and 1518 bytes. With systems that support jumbo frames, such as 4096 or 9000-byte frames, these frame sizes should be tested as well. The SunLite GigE defaults to the frame size defined in RFC-2544, but allows you to set the frame size to any valid value.

70

SunLite GigE

5.5.2 RFC-2544 Testing Overviews Throughput The throughput test determines the maximum frame rate without lost frames the DUT can manage. The test begins at 100% frame rate by sending a predetermined number of frames, or, more commonly, sending the frames for a predetermined length of time. If any frames are lost, the test is repeated at a lower frame rate. This process continues until the maximum throughput is determined. The SunLite GigE uses a binary search algorithm for determining throughput. The standard test reduces the throughput by a set increment, such as 10%. This is not the most efficient algorithm available especially for determining the throughput with a better resolution, such as 1%. The binary search changes the throughput value by ever decreasing increments: 50%, 25%, etc. The throughput is increased or decreased depending on the results of the previous test. The algorithm continues to run until the throughput is determined to within the specified resolution, typically 1—10%. Latency The standard latency test is to run test traffic at the predetermined throughput rate for two minutes, and measure the latency of a single tagged frame sent at least one minute into test. The reported latency is the average of twenty such tests. Strict adherence to the standard would require 280 minutes, over four hours, to complete for all frame sizes. The SunLite GigE provides the option to instead perform a “Quick Latency” test that eliminates the need to run a separate and timeconsuming latency test. During the throughput test, the latency of the test frames is measured and averaged. Results from failed throughput tests are discarded. The latency results from the highest successful throughput test are kept and reported. Latency results as a function of frame size and throughput are tabularized. Frame Loss Rate The frame loss rate test plots the frame loss as a function of utilization. Similar to the throughput test, the test begins at 100% frame rate by sending a predetermined number of frames, and recording the percentage of lost frames. The bandwidth is reduced by a preset amount, 10% or less, and the test is repeated. If two successive trials result in no frame loss, the lower rates are not tested and assumed to have zero frame loss. This test is repeated for each frame size. Throughput Test Sample The following sample test presumes the use of an FE port for a RFC-2544 throughput test. The test operates between two SunLite GigE testers. 1. From the SunLite GigE main menu select RFC-2544 > Throughput Test and configure the following: Test Layer: Layer 2 Src. MAC and Dst. MAC: Set these addresses to the appropriate values. VLAN Tag: Set as needed. See Section 3.1.1.1 VLAN..

GigE



Press PgDN (F4) and configure the rest of the test.



Test Pattern: 2^31-1 Tx Mode: Time - 10 seconds Tx Rate (Initial %): 100% Tx Rate (Final %): 10% Delta %: 1% Frame Size Mode: Auto or Fixed 71



Frame Size: If Frame Size Mode is set to Fixed, use 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1280, or 1518. Selecting fewer frames will decrease testing time.

2. 3.

If desired, press Save (F3) and enter a Filename to save your test setup. Configure the far end tester with a software loopback as follows: Mode : Manual Layer: Layer 2

4. Press Test (F2) on the SunLite GigE to start the RFC-2544 test. The Throughput measurement screen will be displayed. See Section 3.3.1.1 for the interpretation of the results.

5.6 Loopback Applications Switch IP(DHCP):169.254.38.159 Link Up:100 Mbps Full Duplex

12:38:02

BERT IP RFC-2544 Loopback Utility Throughput Features

MTT-GigE, MTT-GR, STT-Metro, SSMTT series SSMTT-28/ SMTT-29 modules, or far end loop.

Metro Area Network

Configuration Measurement

Shutdown

About

Profile

Report

Switch

Fiber or Copper

SunLite GigE Figure 52 Loopback Mode Testing Loopback mode allows the specified Ethernet port to send incoming Ethernet frames back to the sender for end-to-end testing. Performing loopback tests is a common means of verifying the round trip delay of the network. The Ethernet loopback functions have been designed to emulate those used in traditional T-carrier networks. Manual mode immediately sets the port into loopback, whereas Responder mode allows the far end unit to send loop up and loop down commands. There are two possible configurations for the loopback feature: • Manual Mode: In this mode the SunLite GigE will loopback all incoming frames as soon as this mode is selected. • Responder Mode: In this mode, a test set setup as a controller will send a loop up command to the SunLite GigE, which will then start looping all incoming frames. The SunLite GigE will continue doing this until a loop down frame is received from the controller. For setup details, see Section 3.4.

72

SunLite GigE

5.7 Ping Test Application

Ethernet Network Router

Router

Router

Router

Router IP(DHCP):169.254.38.159 Link Up:100 Mbps Full Duplex

Any device that can respond to ICMP Echo request packets.

12:38:02

BERT IP RFC-2544 Loopback Utility Throughput Features Configuration Measurement

Shutdown

About

Profile

Report

Router

Fiber or Copper

SunLite GigE Figure 53 Ping Testing The complexity of a routed IP network can make traditional throughput testing cumbersome and time consuming. The SunLite GigE offers a simple ping test to verify Layer 3 connectivity. Ping testing also has the advantage that it works with any router or device that responds to ICMP Echo request packets, and does not require a second test set. For setup details, see Section 3.2.

GigE

73

74

SunLite GigE

6 Reference This section contains information on Ethernet technology and fiber optic cable.

6.1 Ethernet Overview Once the primary delivery mechanism for data across a LAN (Local Area Network), the utilization of Ethernet has expanded to MAN and WAN (Metropolitan and Wide Area Networks) to challenge traditional TDM-based technologies such as T-Carrier, PDH, and SONET/SDH. Its superior cost performance, proven ability to carry packet-based data, and easy integration into a LAN environment make it a preferred solution to ATM, Token Ring, and Frame Relay for delivering IP-based services such as VoIP and IPTV as well as traditional data and internet traffic. Ethernet interface rates today span from 10 Mbps up to 10 Gbps. Typically, Ethernet is carried over UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) or fiber optic cable (single-mode or multi-mode, depending on wavelength), but other options exist, including thin coaxial cable. The original Ethernet standard was for 10M and 100M is referred to as Fast Ethernet. Most copper Ethernet ports support both 10M and 100M (and even 1000M in some cases) and they are usually referred to as 10/100M ports or 10/100BASE-T. Ethernet is controlled by the IEEE 802.3 body of standards, but its historical development has also lead to deviations, such as the DIX Ethernet (also known as Ethernet II), as well as vendor-specific implementations (such as 1000BASE-LH for long-haul Ethernet). Except where noted, the following refers to IEEE standards. Name

Rate

Medium

10BASE-T

10M

CAT-3 UTP

100BASE-T/TX

100M

CAT-5 UTP

100BASE-FX

100M

Multi-mode or single-mode fiber

1000BASE-T

1000M

CAT-5/5e UTP

1000BASE-SX

1000M

Multi-mode fiber, 850 nm

1000BASE-LX

1000M

Single-mode fiber, 1310 nm

1000BASE-ZX

1000M

Single-mode fiber, 1550 nm

10GBASE-SR

10G

LAN Multi-mode fiber, 850 nm

10GBASE-LR

10G LAN

Single-mode fiber, 1310 nm

10GBASE-ER

10G

LAN Single-mode fiber, 1550 nm

10GBASE-SW

10G

WAN Multi-mode fiber, 850 nm

10GBASE-LW

10G

WAN Single-mode fiber, 1310 nm

10GBASE-EW

10G

WAN Single-mode fiber, 1550 nm

Table 5 Common Ethernet Standards 10G LAN has a line rate of 10 Gbps. 10G WAN encapsulates Ethernet traffic into an OC-192c/STM-64c frame has thus has a line rate of 9.953 Gbps.

GigE

75

6.1.1 Optical Line Encoding Before being transmitted across optical fiber, the bits of the Ethernet signal are converted using an encoding scheme known as 8B/10B encoding (for Gigabit Ethernet) or 64B/66B encoding (for 10 Gigabit Ethernet). A receiving device reverses the encoding, so that the encoding is completely transparent to the user. Encoding helps to ensure a balanced transmission of 1s and 0s in the signal which aids in DC balance and clock recovery. 8B/10B encoding takes each block of 8 bits and translated them into a code word that is 10 bits long. For a Gigabit Ethernet, this means the number of bits transmitted is actually 1.25 Gbps (1 Gbps x 10 bits/8 bits). With 10 bits, there are 1024 unique code words for mapping 256 possible 8-bit data blocks. Many code words are not used. Some are reserved for link-level signaling. In many cases, a single 8-bit block can be mapped into one of two code words that are bitwise inverts of each other. Code words are chosen in such a manner so as the number of 1s and 0s balance out in a process called running disparity. A violation of these rules is called a disparity error. Note: The 8 data bits are actually first broken into 5-bit and 3-bit blocks which are encoded separately into 6- and 4-bit code words, but for the purposes of this discussion, thinking of the encoding process as a single step of 8-bits to 10-bits is sufficient. 64B/66B encoding serves a similar function but uses a different method of mapping data bits into code words. The 64 data bits (8 bytes) are scrambled, and then a 2-bit synchronization header is added. For 10GE LAN, the physical line rate is actually 10.3125 Gbps (10G x 66 bits / 64 bits). For 10GE WAN, the encoding is done before the Ethernet payload is placed side the OC-192c/STM-64c payload envelope. 6.1.2 Ethernet Frames 1 1 2 3 4 5 6

2

3

Preamble + SFD Destination MAC Address Source MAC Address Type/Length Data CRC

4

5

6

8 bytes 6 bytes 6 bytes 2 bytes 46-1500 bytes 4 bytes

Figure 54 Ethernet Frame Format Preceding each frame is a preamble of 7 bytes and a 1-byte SFD (Start Frame Delimiter). The preamble is a pattern of alternating 1s and 0s (10101010) for all 7 bytes. The SFD has a pattern of 10101011. The preamble allows devices to detect and synchronize to incoming Ethernet frames; the SFP marks the end of the preamble. For the purposes of calculating frame lengths, the 8 bytes of Preamble and SFP are not included. An Ethernet frame consists of a MAC (Media Access Control ) header, followed by the frame payload, and ends with a FCS (Frame Check Sequence). The 14-byte MAC header consists of a 6-byte Destination Address, a 6-byte Source Address, and a 2-byte Ethertype field. The Ethertype field is either used as a frame length indicator or as protocol indicator, depending on which Ethernet standard is being used. IEEE 802.2 uses the field to indicate the frame length (in hex). The DIX or Ethernet II standard uses the 76

SunLite GigE

field to indicate the type of data being transmitted. In most IP-based applications, the Ethernet II standard is used and the field is set to an Ethertype of 0x0800 to indicate an IP version 4 payload. Ethertype values: http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/ethertype/eth.txt The minimum payload size is 46 bytes. Frames with fewer payload bytes are considered undersized. The minimum Ethernet frame size is 64 bytes. The maximum frame size is 1518 bytes. Frame sizes above 1518, called jumbo frames, are allowed by some systems, and are an effective means of increasing the efficiency of the network. The presence of VLAN tags changes the effective minimum and maximum frame sizes (see below). The FCS is a 4-byte CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) performed over the entire Ethernet frame. Sometimes the FCS is called the CRC field. To avoid confusion, it is sometimes written as the FCS/CRC field. When an Ethernet device receives a frame, it performs a CRC calculation and compares it to the frame’s FCS field. If they match, the frame is processed. If they do not match, the frame is discarded. Due to the limits of the error-checking capabilities of a 4-byte CRC, the largest practical size for an Ethernet frame is roughly 12,000 bytes. Note: Because errored frames are discarded, performing a bit error test at the Ethernet layer is very different than for TDM networks. The presence of a bit error that does not also cause a CRC error is exceedingly rare. In the vast majority of cases, a bit error translates into a lost frame. For this reason, most Ethernet QoS (Quality of Service) standards use lost frames as its primary metric and do not rely on bit error or BER (Bit Error Ratio). 6.1.3 MAC Address The MAC addresses consist of 6 bytes, written in hexadecimal. The first three bytes contain a vendor code, also known as the OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier) or company_id; the last three bytes contain a unique station ID. Vendor codes are assigned and administered by the IEEE. The OUI for Sunrise Telecom is 00-D0DD. The station IDs are assigned by the manufacturers are often tied to the serial number of the device. Vendor codes: http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/oui.txt 00

-

D0

-

DD

-

Assigned by IEEE to vendor: 3 bytes

01

-

34

-

3A

User Value

Figure 55 MAC Address Format Most Ethernet traffic is designated to travel from one station to another specific station. This is called unicast traffic. Broadcast Ethernet traffic is sent to all stations on the network; such frames are given a MAC destination of all-ones: FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF. Because broadcast traffic is very polluting, it should be avoided whenever possible.

GigE

77

Multicast traffic is sent from one station, but is then directed to a group of stations. Multicasting is more efficient and more network-friendly than broadcasting. Typical applications for multicast traffic include IP video delivery and LAN protocols. Multicast traffic is designated by setting the first bit of the address to 1. Because the least significant bit is transmitted first, this means the last bit of the first byte is set to 1; in other words, the byte value is odd. The MAC vendor code used for IP multicast packets is typically 01-00-5E-xx-xx-xx, as specified by RFC 1112. Testing Note Most Ethernet testing is performed with unicast traffic. One tester generates unicast frames that are received by the far end test set, which is either sending unicast traffic of its own or looping the frames by swapping the source and destination addresses. Furthermore, different test streams can be designated by their MAC addresses. When testing multicast services, some care must be taken. Loopback devices will not loop multicast (or broadcast) traffic. Also, the use of multicast MAC destination addresses may cause problems designating test traffic. As shown in Table 6, the MAC addresses sent by a tester do not match the MAC addressed received. MAC Source

MAC Destination

Generated

00-D0-DD-12-34-56

01-00-5E-00-00-05

Received

00-D0-DD-AB-CD-EF

01-00-5E-00-00-06

Table 6 Sample MAC Addresses Thus, when running this test, the test results will indicate no BERT traffic since the incoming traffic does not match that sent. Fortunately, all normal traffic statistics and measurements can be made, with the exception of bit errors and BER. 6.1.4 Interframe Gap The gap of time between the end of one frame and the start of the preamble for the next frame is called IFG (Inter Frame Gap). Because most Ethernet traffic carries IP packets, IFG is often called IPG (Inter Packet Gap). In fact, the terms packet and frame tend to be used interchangeably even though they refer to very distinct entities. Ethernet Frame

IFG

Ethernet Frame

IFG

Ethernet Frame

Figure 56 IFG The minimum IFG is 12 bytes, or 96 bit-times. The minimum IFG thus depends on the interface rate, as shown in Table 7. Interface

Bit Time

Minimum IFG

10M

100.0 ns

9.6 s

100M

10.0 ns

0.96 s

1G

1.0 ns

96.0 ns

10G

0.1 ns

9.6 ns

Table 7 Minimum IFG 78

SunLite GigE

To improve efficiency, some network elements support frame gaps lower than 12 bytes, but the non-standard implementation is not wide-spread and not generally recommended. 6.1.5 Frame Size and Efficiency Because each frame is followed by a frame gap and preamble, there is an inherent inefficiency built into Ethernet traffic. The percentage of bandwidth lost to the 20 bytes of IPG and preamble is lower for larger frames than smaller frames, as shown in Table 8. Data size

Overhead/ frame

Frames/ second

Total bits lost % of Bandwidth (overhead) Lost

64 Bytes (512 bits)

160 bits

1,488,095 238,095,238

23%

128 Bytes (1024 bits)

160 bits

844,594

135,135,135

13%

512 Bytes (4096 bits)

160 bits

234,962

37,593,984

3.7%

1024 Bytes (8192 bits)

160 bits

119,731

19,157,088

1.9%

1518 Bytes (12144 bits)

160 bits

81,274

13,003,901

1.3%

Table 8 Ethernet Frame Rates 6.1.6 VLAN Tagging A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) is an independent logical LAN within a physical network. For example, within a single enterprise LAN, different divisions may be grouped within their own VLANs. VLANs provide a secure means of sub-diving networks, control broadcast domains, and manage user access. VLANs are defined in the IEEE 802.1p and 802.1q standards. VLANs are designated by a VLAN tag that is added to the MAC frame after the MAC source address. The 4-byte tag consists of a 2-byte TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier) and 2-byte TCI (Tag Control Information). The TPID has a value of 0x8100. Destination Address

Source Address

TPID

UP

Type/ Length

VLAN Tag

P

CFI

C

Data

CRC

VID

VLAN ID

TPID (16 bits): Tag Protocol Identifier set to 8100 (hex). P (3 bits): IEEE 802.1P Priority level, set between 0 and 7. C (1 bit): Canonical indicator set to 0. VID (12 bits): VLAN ID, set between 0 to 4095. UP (3 bits): User Priority CFI (1 bit): Canonical Format Indicator VLAN ID (12 bits): Virtual Local Area Netword Identiifer

Figure 57 VLAN Tag Details GigE

79

Note: The TPID can actually be thought of as an Ethertype designation, identifying the payload as a VLAN. The original MAC frame’s Ethertype field is moved to the inside of the VLAN payload, following the TCI. The TCI contains the 12-bit VLAN identification, 3-bit priority field, and 1-bit canonical format indicator (CFI). The VLAN ID can have a value between 0 and 4095. However, values 0, 1, and 4095 are reserved and best avoided. The priority field allows the network administrator to assign a value from 0 to 7 based on the type of traffic. The CFI is always set to 0 for Ethernet traffic. User Priority 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Traffic Type Best Effort Background Spare Excellent Effort Controlled Load Video < 100 ms latency and jitter Voice < 10 ms latency and jitter Network Control

Table 9 User Priority VLAN Membership Ethernet traffic can be assigned VLAN memberships through several means: By Port: all traffic through a particular switch port is assigned the same VLAN. • Fast traffic forwarding. • Easy to maintain for network administrators. • VLAN membership tied to geographic location. By MAC address: Each MAC source address is assigned a specific VLAN ID. • Great flexibility. • VLAN lookup tables require manual configuration by network administrators. • MAC address lookup takes more processing time. By Protocol: VLAN IDs are assigned based on IP address, or protocol used (such as AppleTalk). • Great flexibility. • Protocol lookup takes more processing time. By Authentication: VLAN IDs are assigned based on authentication credentials or the result of IEEE 802.1X authentication results. • Improved security. • Ideal for wireless connectivity.

80

SunLite GigE

Stacked VLAN Tags IEEE 802.1ad amends 802.1q by providing a means to stack multiple VLAN tags for traffic management and bridging. This technique of placing one 802.1q tag inside another is often called “Q-in-Q”.

MAC DA

MAC SA

Etype

Etype TAG Length

C-Customer C-MAC C-Payload Data Enterprise CPE C-MAC

C-Tag

C-MAC

S-Tag

C-Payload Data

Data

FCS

DA: MAC Destination Address SA: MAC Source Address Etype: Ethernet type/length TAG: 8021.Q.VLAN Tag DATA: Customer Data FCS: Frame Check Sequence

S-Carrier Access To Carrier Core

C-Tag

C-Payload Data

Figure 58 Stacked VLAN Tags Stacking VLAN tags is an efficient means of differentiating traffic through a network backbone, especially when then the user data may itself have VLAN tags. The outer tag, also known as the service tag or S-tag is distinguished from the customer tag, or C-tag. The TPID of the C-tag is usually 0x8100, as for normal VLAN traffic. The TPID of the S-Tag may have a proprietary value, depending on the implementation by the vendor. Each tag layer has its own priority setting. The priority of the outer tag allows the network provider to achieve the desired quality of service for the bridged traffic. VLAN and Frame Size Because the minimum payload size for an Ethernet frame is 46 bytes, the presence of the 4-byte VLAN TPID and TCI pushes the minimum frame size from 64 bytes to 68 bytes. Likewise, the largest, non-Jumbo frame size increases from 1518 to 1522 bytes. Stacked VLAN tags also increase the minimum and maximum frame sizes by 4 bytes per VLAN tag. When a device receives a VLAN tagged frame that is only 64 bytes, and it must remove the VLAN tag and forward the Ethernet payload, it is left with a frame that is only 60 bytes long. At this point, the device may simply drop the frame. Some systems may add 4 bytes of filler at the end of the payload to create a legal 64-byte frame.

GigE

81

6.1.7 MPLS Multi Protocol Label Switching architecture was designed to provide a unified data carrying service/simple routing for both circuit-based clients and packet-switching clients providing a datagram service model. Basically, it allows voice, IP, ATM, Frame Relay and Ethernet services all to be carried on the same network. It can be used with many types of framing, including Ethernet. The Layer 3 label analysis is only just once, when the packet enters the MPLS domain. After that, labels are just inspected to continue packet forwarding. Packet Layer 2 Header

Top Label

...

Bottom Label Layer 3 Header

Data Layer

Network Layer MPLS Label 20 bits

ESP 3 bits 4 bytes

S 1 bit

TTL 8 bits

Figure 59 MPLS Structure The MPLS header contains a ‘stack’ of one or more labels. A label has four fields as shown in Figure 59: • 20-bit Label value. • 3-bit field for CoS priority (EXP, experimental). • 1-bit bottom of S (Stack) flag. If used, it signifies the current label is the last in the stack. • 8-bit TTL (time to live) field; The Time to Live label will expire at the conclusion of this number of time-to-live hops. • The EXP (Experimental) field can be used to distinguish classes of service, or per hop behavior, for differing classes of traffic traveling within the MPLS tunnel (AKA Label Switched Path - LSP). Alternatively, an LSP carrying a single traffic class uses the label to determine the per hop behavior of the class. 6.1.8 Ethernet Standards and Resources IEEE Standards The following 802 standards are available for free download from the IEEE website at http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/index.html • • • • • • • • •

IEEE 802®: Overview and Architecture IEEE 802.1TM Bridging and Management IEEE 802.2TM: Logical Link Control IEEE 802.3TM: CSMA/CD Access Method IEEE 802.5TM: Token Ring Access Method IEEE 802.11TM: Wireless IEEE 802.15TM: Wireless Personal Area Networks IEEE 802.16TM: Broadband Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks IEEE 802.17TM. Resilient Packet Rings

IEEE Registration Authority has a number of public listings available at http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/publiclistings.html 82

SunLite GigE

• • • • • • • • •

OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier) Public Listing IAB (Individual Address Block) Public Listing OUI-36 Public Listing EtherType Field Public Listing Manufacturer ID Public Listing LLC (Logical Link Control) Public Listing Standard Group MAC Address Public Listing URN (Unique Registration Numbers) Public Listing IEEE 802.16 Operator ID

RFC (Requests for Comments) Documents RFC documents are a series of memoranda on internet technologies, techniques, and innovations. Organized through the Internet Society, RFCs are the best resource for technical information on these technologies and protocols. Some RFCs become internet standards through the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). All RFCs are available for free online at the RFC Editor: http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc.html but most can be found easily simply by typing the RFC number (such as “RFC 791”) into a web browser. The most common RFCs for Ethernet services testing are: • • • • • • •

RFC 768: User Datagram Protocol RFC 793: Transmission Control Protocol RFC 791: Internet Protocol RFC 792: Internet Control Message Protocol RFC 826: Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol RFC 2544: Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices RFC 2889: Benchmarking Methodology for LAN Switching Devices class uses the label to determine the per hop behavior of the class.

MEF (Metro Ethernet Forum) The Metro Ethernet Forum is an industry alliance which develops technical specifications for carrier Ethernet worldwide. Over a dozen specifications are online at: www.metroethernetforum.org.

GigE

83

6.2 IP Overview Internet Protocol is the language computers on the Internet use to talk to one another. Version

Type of Service

IHL

Total Length Flags

Identification Time to Live

Protocol*

Fragment Offset Header Checksum

Source Address Destination Address Options + Padding Data *TCP or UDP

Figure 60 IP Packet To send a message using IP, the computer adds extra information, known as the IP header, in front of the message, creating an IP packet. The IP header contains the address of the computer meant to receive the message, as well as the address of the sender. It is like regular mail: the IP header is the envelope, with the recipient address and the sender addresses on it, and the message itself is inside. In this case the addresses are numbers, like “67.34.22.199”. The IP packet is sent to the Internet, over Ethernet, DSL, or PPP. The computers that make up the Internet itself look at the destination address in the IP header, and forward the packet on, from one to another, until it gets to where it is going, just as the Post Office forwards envelopes from one sorting office to the next until it is finally sent out for delivery. 6.2.1 TCP IP is unreliable: packets can get lost due to faults or overloads in the network. If a packet does get lost the sender has no way of knowing. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is designed to fix this. Nearly everything that happens on the Internet – web browsing, e-mail, instant messaging, etc – uses TCP. TCP adds its own header to the message, saying how much data it has already sent and how much it has received from the other end. The combination of TCP header and the actual message is then wrapped in IP and sent to the network, hopefully to reach the addressed computer - usually after passing through many forwarding computers on the way. When the recipient computer receives the TCP message it sends an acknowledgment back. If the original sender sees that acknowledgment, then all is well: the next message can be sent. If the sender does not get an acknowledgment within a reasonable time, it sends the message again, repeating this until it knows the message has got through, or until it eventually gives up and assumes that the network is broken. 84

SunLite GigE

In reality, TCP acknowledges many messages at a time, while simultaneously sending its own messages. For example, a TCP header might say “I have received all your messages up to number 97, and here is my message number 38”. 6.2.2 ICMP and Ping ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), like TCP, uses IP to communicate from one computer to another. Unlike with TCP, these messages do not carry information of interest to users; instead they let the computers find out about one another. One important type of ICMP message is called echo request. When one computer wants to check that it can reach another, it sends it echo request ICMP packet, which asks “are you there?” When the other end receives that, it sends back a reply, called an echo response, meaning “yes, I am here”. This process is called a ping. By sending a series of pings it is possible to learn a lot about the state of the network. If we send a series of echo requests and never get any echo replies, then something is broken: perhaps the network itself is down, or perhaps the computer we are trying to reach has lost its network connection. If we send a series of echo requests, but only get replies to some of them, then the network and remote computer are working, but not very well: some IP packets are getting lost. Even though TCP can compensate for lost packets, there is a limit to how much it can do – and every time a packet gets lost TCP has to send it again, making the overall network slower. As a rough guide, anything more than about 10% packet loss will break TCP, and anything more than 1% will tend to make it painfully slow. A well engineered network should have negligible packet loss. Each time we send an echo request, we can time how long it takes for the echo reply to come back. This can tell us something about the quality of the network connection. For example, if it takes a second for the reply to come back, then there is a long network delay which probably makes it unusable for some delay-sensitive applications, such as voice. 6.2.3 Routers A router is a computer in the core of the network that forwards – routes – packets from one part of the network to another. It has multiple network interfaces, each connected to another router. Every time it receives a packet, a router looks at the destination IP address in the IP header, consults its internal tables to decide what to do with the packet, and then forwards it on, usually over a different network interface to a different router. The backbone of the Internet is made up of thousands of routers, working in collaboration to forward packets from one to another, until they reach their destination. 6.2.4 Gateways A gateway is a router that provides access to the Internet for user computers. On one side it has one or more connections to network of routers that make up the internet. On the other side it connects to individual computers. There is no fundamental difference between what a gateway does and what a router does (and the terms are often used interchangeably). They both take in packets on one interface, and forward them out of another, according to the destination IP address. The difference is in their position in the network. Routers live inside the network, communicating with one another. Gateways live at the edge of the network, communicating between routers and individual users.

GigE

85

6.2.5 DNS The DNS (Domain Name System) was created to handle the challenge of both remembering IP addresses and the fact that computer addresses may change over time. DNS runs on computers known as Name Servers. They have regularly updated tables of the names and IP addresses of all known computers on the Internet. When you type “www.google.com” into the address bar of your web browser, the first thing that happens is that a DNS request is sent to one of the name servers saying “what is the IP address of www.google.com?” The name server will reply with the numerical IP address, such as 208.67.219.230. Your computer will then use that address in its IP packets to communicate with Google’s servers. 6.2.6 DHCP DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol) is the way a computer which is just joining the Internet can find its own IP address and other information, such as the IP addresses of the name server gateway to use. When the network software is starting up, it sends out a DHCP message in an IP message which has a special type of destination address called a Broadcast address. This will be received by all computers connected to the same network segment and one (or more) of them will reply, giving the IP address that should be used and other information. 6.2.7 ARP The ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) allows a networked computer to search for a computer with a particular IP address. ARP is important on LANs, such as Ethernet, where there may be many computers attached to the network, but IP packets should only be sent to one of them. To find another computer, an ARP message is sent saying “who has IP address 192.168.1.2?” All of the computers on the network will see that message, but only the one with that IP address will respond, saying “that’s me, at Ethernet address 12:34:56:78:9A:BC”. From then on, IP packets for 192.168.1.2 will be sent to Ethernet address 12:34:56:78:9A:BC, so that only that computer will see them: all the others on the network will filter out those packets.

86

SunLite GigE

6.3 Service Information In general, handle fiber patch cords and connectors carefully. Always replace dust covers. Keep the optical connectors clean, and make a practice of not looking into fiber ends. The following sections give more specifics. An optical fiber is a strand of glass about the same diameter as a human hair strand, yet it is remarkably durable. Careful handling will ensure continued high performance and long life. • Do not pull or kink patch cords, as the glass strand in the middle might become damaged or broken. • A sharp bend will cause excessive signal loss. • Keep patch cord bend radiuses no less than an inch. • Use specialized optical cable raceways and plenums whenever they are available. • Don’t use tie wraps as you would with electrical cables. Tie wraps will put strain on the fiber. 6.3.1 Fiber Optic Connectors 6.3.2 Handling Optical Fiber There are several types of optical connectors in use today. Figure 61 shows two useful ones: SC and LC. In this example, an SC to FC bulkhead adapter will be used to connect the two fibers together. Figure shows a multi-mode LC connector.

SC

LC

Figure 61 SC to LC Cord

GigE

87

Figure 62 Duplex Multi-mode LC Connectors • When using optical connectors, insert or remove the ferrule straight into the sleeve. • Minimize wiggling the connector as this may loosen the tight fit that is required for the ferrule and sleeve. • For SC connectors, orient the prominent key on the connector body with the slot in bulkhead adapter. Push the connector in until it clicks. To remove, pinch the connector body between your thumb and finger, and gently pull straight out. • FC connectors require more care. Find the small key and orient it with the equally small slot in the threaded section of the bulkhead adapter. This key is not very visible. Thread the outer barrel only lightly—finger tight. Never use pliers! • Overtightening the barrel will not improve signal transmission, and could cause permanent damage. To remove, unthread the barrel, and gently pull straight out. • Most problems with FC connectors are due to key misalignment. This is difficult to detect because when the key is misaligned the barrel may be threaded, which then hides the misaligned key. One indication of misalignment is when the barrel only catches the first one or two threads. The connector will not be completely seated in the bulkhead adapter. • A properly connected FC connector should seat completely, with the barrel threading several turns.

6.3.3 Cleaning Optical Fiber To ensure long life of the connectors and to minimize transmission loss at the connection point, fiber optic connectors must be kept clean. Precautions • When not in use, always replace dust covers and caps to prevent deposits and films from airborne particles. A single dust particle caught between two connectors will cause significant signal loss. Dust particles can scratch the polished fiber end, resulting in permanent damage. • Do not touch the connector end or the ferrules, since this will leave an oily deposit from your fingers. • Do not allow uncapped connectors to drop on the floor.

88

SunLite GigE

How to Clean Should a fiber need cleaning, use a fiber optic cleaning kit especially made for cleaning optical connectors, and follow the directions. Canned air can do more harm than good if not used properly. Again, follow the directions that come with the kit. Take care of your fiber. Always replace dust covers. Keep optical connectors clean and make a practice of not looking into fiber ends.

6.4 Testing and Calibration Statement Sunrise Telecom certifies that this product was manufactured, tested, and verified according to the applicable Sunrise Telecom Incorporated manufacturing and test procedure(s). These formal procedures are designed to assure that the product meets its required specifications. This product has no user-adjustable settings. During normal usage, periodic calibration is not a requirement. However, if the product fails during the self-verification test, during power up, the product can be returned to the manufacturer for evaluation and repair.

GigE

89

6.5 Customer Service General Sunrise Telecom Customer Service is available from 7:30 AM to 5:30 PM Pacific Standard Time (California, U.S.A.). Customer Service performs the following functions: • Answers customer questions over the phone on such topics as product operation and repair. • Facilitates prompt repair of malfunctioning test sets. • Provides information about product upgrades. A Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) Number is required before any product may be shipped to Sunrise Telecom for repair. Out-of-warranty repairs require both an RMA and a Purchase Order before the unit is returned. All repairs are warranted for 90 days. Contact Customer Service at: Sunrise Telecom Incorporated 302 Enzo Drive San Jose, CA 95138 U.S.A. Tel: 1-800-701-5208 Fax: 1-408-363-8313 Internet: http://www.sunrisetelecom.com E-mail: [email protected] Sunrise Telecom offices are located around the world: Americas America: SUNRISE TELECOM INCORPORATED 302 Enzo Drive, San Jose, CA 95138, USA E-mail: [email protected] http://www.sunrisetelecom.com/ Tel: 1-800-701-5208, 1-408-363-8000 Fax: 1-408-363-8313 Canada: SUNRISE TELECOM 10281 Renaude-Lapointe, Anjou, (QC) H1J 2T4, CANADA E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 1-800-297-9726 , 1-514-725-6652 Fax: 1-514-725 5637 Latin America: SUNRISE TELECOM MEXICO Calle Cerro de las Campanas #3, Of. 418, Col. San Andrés Atenco, 54040 Tlalnepantla, MEXICO E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 52 55 5370 2124 Fax: 52 55 5379 6540

90

SunLite GigE

Asia Pacific China: SUNRISE TELECOM Room 1503, Tower 3 , No.1, Xizhimenwai Street,Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, CHINA E-mail: [email protected] http://www.sunrisetelecom.com.cn Tel: 86-10-5830-2220 Fax: 86-10-5830-2239 Japan: SUNRISE TELECOM Aoyamakouei Bldg. 3F, 7-24, Kitaaoyama 2-Chome, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 107-0061, JAPAN E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 81 3 5772 3403 Fax: 81 3 5770 4037 Korea: SUNRISE TELECOM 2Fl, Dusan Infracore B/D, 14-34, Yoido-Dong, Youngdungpo-Gu, Seoul, KOREA 150-010 E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 82 2 782 7165 Fax: 82 2 782 7166 Taiwan: SUNRISE TELECOM Company Limited 21, Wu Chuan 3rd Road, Wu-Ku Hsiang, Taipei County, 248, Taiwan, R.O.C. E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 886 2 2298 2598 Fax: 886 2 2298 2575 Europe France: SUNRISE TELECOM 3 RUE GALVANI, 91300 MASSY, FRANCE Email: [email protected] Tel: 33 (0) 1 69 93 89 90 Fax: 33 (0) 1 69 93 89 91 Germany: SUNRISE TELECOM Buchenstraße 10, 72810 Gomaringen, GERMANY E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 49 (0) 7072 9289 50 Fax: 49 (0) 7072 9289 55 Italy: SUNRISE TELECOM Via Jacopo Peri, 41/c, 41100 Modena, ITALY E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 39 059 403711 Fax: 39 059 403715

GigE

91

6.6 Express Limited Warranty A. Hardware Coverage. COMPANY warrants hardware products against defects in materials and workmanship. During the warranty period COMPANY will, at its sole option, either (i) refund of CUSTOMER’S purchase price without interest, (ii) repair said products, or (iii) replace hardware products which prove to be defective; provided, however, that such products which COMPANY elects to replace must be returned to COMPANY by CUSTOMER, along with acceptable evidence of purchase, within twenty (20) days of request by COMPANY, freight prepaid. B. Software and Firmware Coverage. COMPANY warrants software media and firmware materials against defects in materials and workmanship. During the warranty period COMPANY will, at its sole option, either (i) refund of CUSTOMER’S purchase price without interest, (ii) repair said products, or (iii) replace software or firmware products which prove to be defective; provided, however, that such products which COMPANY elects to replace must be returned to COMPANY by CUSTOMER, along with acceptable evidence of purchase, within twenty (20) days of request by COMPANY, freight prepaid. In addition, during the warranty period, COMPANY will provide, without charge to CUSTOMER, all fixes, patches, new releases and updates which COMPANY issues during the warranty period. COMPANY does not warrant or represent that all software defects will be corrected. In any case where COMPANY has licensed a software product “AS IS,” COMPANY’S obligation will be limited to replacing an inaccurate copy of the original material. C. Period. The warranty period for Hardware, Software and Firmware will be One (1) Year from date of shipment to CUSTOMER. The COMPANY may also sell warranty extensions or provide a warranty term of three years with the original sale, which provide a longer coverage period for the test set chassis, software and firmware, in which case the terms of the express limited warranty will apply to said specified warranty term. D. Only for CUSTOMER. COMPANY makes this warranty only for the benefit of CUSTOMER and not for the benefit of any subsequent purchaser or licensee of any merchandise. E. LIMITATION ON WARRANTY. THIS CONSTITUTES THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY MADE BY COMPANY WITH RESPECT TO HARDWARE, SOFTWARE AND FIRMWARE. THERE ARE NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. COMPANY SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. COMPANY’S LIABILITY UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WITH RESPECT TO A PRODUCT, INCLUDING COMPANY’S LIABILITY FOR FAILURE AFTER REPEATED EFFORTS TO INSTALL EQUIPMENT IN GOOD WORKING ORDER OR TO REPAIR OR REPLACE EQUIPMENT, SHALL IN NO EVENT EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE OR LICENSE FEE FOR THAT PRODUCT, NOR SHALL COMPANY IN ANY EVENT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, OR SPECIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND OR NATURE WHATSOEVER, ARISING FROM OR RELATED TO THE SALE OF THE MERCHANDISE HEREUNDER, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO DAMAGES ARISING FROM OR RELATED TO LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFIT, LOSS OF GOODWILL, INJURY TO REPUTATION, OVERHEAD, DOWNTIME, REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT, OR CHARGE-BACKS OR OTHER DEBITS FROM CUSTOMER OR ANY CUSTOMER OF CUSTOMER.

92

SunLite GigE

F. No Guaranty, Nonapplication of Warranty. COMPANY does not guaranty or warrant that the operation of hardware, software, or firmware will be uninterrupted or error-free. Further, the warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from: (1) Improper or inadequate maintenance by CUSTOMER; (2) CUSTOMER-supplied software or interfacing; (3) Unauthorized modification or misuse.

GigE

93

94

SunLite GigE

Index Symbols 12 V DC; 10 A Applications; 63 Configuring VLAN Testing; 67 Layer 1 BERT; 63 Layer 2 BERT; 65 Layer 3 BERT-Indirect Routing; 68 Loopback; 72 Ping Test; 73 RFC-2544 Testing; 70 ARP Loopback Mode; 52 MAC Destination retrieval; 22 Reference; 86 Scanning; 39 ARP Scanning; 39 Autofill; 23, 25 Auto Test RFC-2544; 47 B Back Side Features; 10 Back to Back Test; 46 Battery; 13 Battery Care and Storage; 10 Battery Replacement; 10 Beeper Mode; 56 BERT IP; 21 IP Header Screen; 22 MAC; 17 MPLS; 20 Run Test; 32 VLAN; 19 BERT Throughput Parameters; 17 BERT Throughput Screen F-keys Shutdown and About; 14 Bit Error Count; 33 Bit Error Ratio; 33 C Cable Length; 57 Calibration Statement; 89 Caution Transceivers; 9 GigE

Cautions; 10 Laser; 2 Cleaning Optical Fiber; 88 Clock; 56 COM; 10 Configuring VLAN Testing Applications; 67 Connectors; 9, 10 Control Loopback Mode; 54 Coupled; 30 Customer Service; 89, 90 D Date; 56 DHCP; 86 DNS; 86 E Error Inject Frames; 33 Error Injection BERT; 34 Ethernet Frames Reference; 76 Ethernet Overview Reference; 75 Ethernet Standards and Resources Reference; 82 F Fiber Optic Connectors; 87 Fiber Optic Cables; 9 Fiber Optic Transceivers; 9 Figures 01 SunLite GigE Screen View; 7 02 F-keys and Screen Relationships; 8 03 Fiber Optic Transceivers; 9 04 Main Menu Screen; 13 05 BERT Stream Tables; 15 06 Stream Configuration Screen; 16 07 Soft Keyboard Data Entry; 16 08 Mac Configuration and MAC Auto Fill Screens; 17 09 VLAN and VLAN Auto Fill Screens; 19 10 MPLS and MPLS Auto Fill Screens; 20 11 IP Address and IP Header Screens; 21 12 Type Of Service; 22 13 IP Auto Fill Screens; 23 95

14 TCP/UDP Ports and TCP Header Screens; 24 15 TCP/UDP Port Auto Fill Screens; 26 16 Test Pattern Screen; 27 17 Ramp Configuration; 28 18 Burst Configuration; 29 19 Test Duration Screen; 30 20 Save File Screen; 31 21 Stream Profiles; 31 22 Statistics View Screens; 32 23 VLAN Tag; 33 24 Error Injection Configuration; 34 25 IP Configuration Screens; 35 26 Link Status Screens; 36–37 27 Ping Screens; 38 28 ARP Scan Screen; 39 29 Traceroute Screens; 40 30 RFC-2544 Throughput Test Configuration; 42 31 VLAN Header Screen; 43 32 User-defined Frame Sizes; 44 33 Throughput Test Screen with Fail Message; 44 34 Throughput Test Results Screens; 45 35 Latency Test Results Screens; 47 36 Auto Test Profile Selection; 47 36 Auto Test Profile Selection Screen; 47 37 Loopback Filter Screens; 48–49 38 Loopback Filter Screens, 2 and 3; 49–50 39 Manual Layer 1 Loopback Mode Screens; 52 40 Manual Layer 2/3 Loopback Mode Screens; 53 41 Respond Loopback Mode Screens; 53 42 Control Loopback Mode Screens; 54 43 Miscellaneous Setup Screen; 56–57 44 Flash Port Screens; 57 45 Cable Test Screen; 57 46 Optical Power Measurement Screen; 58 47 Upgrade Windows; 61 48 Layer 1 BERT Connections; 63 49 Layer 2 BERT Setup; 65 50 Layer 3 BERT, Indirect Routing Setup; 68 51 RFC-2544 Testing Setups; 70 52 Loopback Mode Testing; 72 53 Ping Testing; 73 54 Ethernet Frame Format; 76 55 MAC Address Format; 77 56 IFG; 78 57 VLAN Tag Details; 79 58 Stacked VLAN Tags; 81 59 MPLS Structure; 82 60 IP Packet; 84 61 SC to LC Cord; 87 62 Duplex Multi-mode LC Connectors; 88 Firmware Upgrade; 58 Flash Port; 57 Frame Loss BERT Statisitc; 33 96

Frame Loss Test; 46 Frame Size and Efficiency Reference; 79 Frame Type BERT; 18 Front Features; 8 G Gateway; 21 Gateways; 85 H Handling Optical Fiber; 87 I ICMP and Ping Reference; 85 Icons Plug; 13 Interface Fiber or Electrical; 9 Inter-Frame Delay Avg.; 33 Inter-Frame Delay Max.; 33 Inter-Frame Delay Min.; 33 Inter-Frame Delay Var.; 33 Interframe Gap Reference; 78 Interpacket Gap; 78 IP BERT Config; 21 IP Autofill Screens BERT Config; 23 IP Checksum Error; 33 IP Config; 35 IP Features; 35 IP Configuration Screens DHCP Mode; 35 Static Mode; 35 IP Features; 35 ARP Scanning; 39 Ping; 38 Trace Route; 40 IP Header Screen BERT; 22 IP Overview Reference; 84 IP Packet; 84

SunLite GigE

K Keypad Functions; 8 L Label Switched Path - LSP; 20 LASER Caution; 2 Latency Test; 46 Layer 1 BERT Applications; 63 Layer 2 BERT; 65 Layer 3 BERT-Indirect Routing Applications; 68 LEDs; 8 Link Control Screen; 37 Link Status; 36 IP Features; 36 Link Status Screen 10F; 36 10H; 36 100F; 36 100H; 36 1000F; 36 1000H; 36 Auto Nego.; 36 Auto Negotiate; 36 Duplex; 36 Flow Control; 36 Link; 36 Link Quality; 36 Speed; 36 Loopback; 48 Loopback Filter; 48 Loopback Mode; 52 Loopback Filter Screens Broadcast ALLOW or DROP; 48 Data Pattern; 51 Data Pattern Length; 51 Data Pattern Offset; 51 Data Pattern Type; 50 Dest. IP Type and Dest. IP; 50 Dest. MAC Type ANY, EQUAL, or NOT; 49 Dest Port Type and Dest Port; 50 IP Mode ANY, IP Only, TCP/IP Only, or UDP/IP Only; 50 Keep Alive ALLOW or DROP; 48 Loopback Filter Enable or Disable; 48 GigE

Multicast ALLOW or DROP; 49 Source IP Type and Source IP; 50 Source MAC Type ANY, EQUAL, or NOT; 49 Source Port Type and Source Port; 50 VLAN ID; 50 VLAN Identifier 0x8100, 0x9100, or 0x9200; 50 VLAN Mode ANY, EQUAL, or NOT; 50 VLAN Priority; 50 Loopback Mode; 52 Loopback Mode Screens Control; 54 Format Layer 1 or Layer 2/3; 53 IP ADDR; 53 Manual; 52 Mode Manual or Respond; 52 Respond; 53 M MAC; 17 MAC Address Reference; 77 MAC Destination retrieval ARP; 22 MAC Dest. Type; 49 MAC Source Type Filter; 49 MAC Src. and Dest MAC; 18 Make a selection; 13 MBZ; 22 Measurement Setup; 30 Miscellaneous Setup; 56 Miscellaneous Setup Screen Beeper Mode; 56 HH:MM:SS; 56 MM:DD:YY; 56 Screen Saving (Min); 56 Shutdown Time (Min); 56 Misc Setup; 56 MPLS; 20 Reference; 82

97

O Off Switch; 10 Offices; 90–91 Operation and Menus; 13 Optical Fiber Servicing; 87 Optical Line Encoding Reference; 76 Optical Power; 58 Optical Power Measurement Screen Rx Power, Tx Power, Laser Bias Current, Supply Voltage, and Temperature; 58 P Pattern; 26 Payload; 26 PC Software Package; 59 Ping; 38 Ping Result Screen Bytes; 38 Maximum, Minimum, and Average round trip; 38 No.; 38 Time; 38 TTL; 38 Ping Setup Screen Frame Size (Bytes); 38 Profile Number; 38 Remote IP Address; 38 Repeat Count; 38 Timeout (100 ms); 38 Port Autofill Screens; 25 Profile Save; 30 R Reference; 75 Ethernet Overview; 75 Optical Line Encoding; 76 Report; 14 Respond Loopback Mode; 53 Results RFC 2544 Throughput Test; 44 RFC-1242; 46 RFC1349; 22 RFC2474; 22 RFC-2544; 41 Auto Test; 47 Testing Overviews; 71 Throughput Test; 42 98

User-Defined Frame Size; 44 RFC-2544 Test Configurations Application; 70 RFC-2544 Testing Applications; 70 Right Side Connectors; 10 RJ45 Port; 9 Routers; 85 Run Test BERT; 32 S Save Profile; 30, 31 Screen Saving(Min); 56 Service Information; 87 Handling Optical Fiber; 87 Set key IP Mode; 35 SFP Port; 9 Shutdown Timer(Min; 56 Specifications; 6 Standards Ethernet; 75 Start TX Coupled; 30 Statistics View-Aggregate Screens; 32 Statistics View Screens Alignment Error; 33 Broadcast; 33 Collisions; 33 Dribble Error; 33 FCS Error; 33 Multicast; 33 Oversized; 33 Rx Bandwidth; 32 Rx fps; 32 Rx Frames; 32 Rx Line Rate; 32 Rx Pause frame; 33 Rx Utilization (%); 32 Tx Bandwidth; 33 Tx fps; 32 Tx Frames; 32 Tx Line Rate; 33 Tx Utilization (%); 33 Undersized; 33 Unicast; 33 VLAN; 33 Stream Configuration; 16 BERT; 16 Stream Profiles; 31 Subnet Mask; 22 SunLite GigE

T Table 1 SunLite GigE Specifications; 6 2 Fiber Optic Cables; 9 3 Protocols; 23 4 10/100/1000M Ethernet Frame Length Options; 28 5 Common Ethernet Standards; 75 6 Sample MAC Addresses; 78 7 Minimum IFG; 78 8 Ethernet Frame Rates; 79 9 User Priority; 80 TCP Reference; 84 TCP Header; 25 TCP/UDP BERT Config; 24 TCP/UDP Port Auto Fill Screens; 25 Test Duration; 30 Test Pattern; 26 Throughput Test Back to Back Test; 46 Frame Loss Test; 46 Latency Test; 46 RFC-2544; 42 Time of day; 56 Top Connectors; 9 Traceroute Result Screen Host Name; 40 IP; 40 No.; 40 Traceroute Setup Screen Hop Limit; 40 Remote IP Address; 40 Timeout (100 ms); 40 Trace Route Test Start; 40 Traffic Shape; 28 Transceiver Replace; 9 Transceivers Inserting/Removing; 9 TTL IP Header; 23 Type of Service:; 22 Type Of Service; 22

V VLAN; 19 VLAN Tagging Reference; 79 VLAN Tags Stacked; 81 W Warning Proper use of equipment; 2 Warnings; 2, 10 Warranty; 9, 92

U USB port; 10, 14 Utility; 56 GigE

99

100

SunLite GigE