Malay to English Dictionary

abad

ash century mengabui: to cheat; to deceive berabad-abad: for centuries abuk

abadi

dust eternal; immortal keabadian: immortality mengabadikan: perpetuate; immortalize

abung pomelo

abah father

acah tease mengacah-acah: to tease

abah-abah harness acapkali often abai neglect mengabaikan: to disregard; to neglect

acar pickle

abang elder brother

acara event; item in a programme

abang angkat: foster brother abang ipar: brother-in-law abang tiri: stepbrother

mengacarakan: to compere or host a programme pengacara: master of ceremonies; compere

abdi slave

aci shaft

mengabdikan: to enslave pengabdian: slavery; enslavement acu

to direct weapon at target

abjad alphabet

mengacukan: to aim weapon at target mengacu: to test; to try on acuan: a mould

abu acuh

1

to care for; to heed

mengadatkan: to make it a practice or custom teradat: has become a custom

mengacuhkan: to care for; to heed acuh tak acuh: to show indifference adegan scene acum provoke or instigate mengacum: to provoke or instigate acuman: provocation pengacum: instigator pengacuman: agitation

adib well-mannered

adik younger brother or sister

ada have; possess; contain adakala: sometimes adakalanya: sometimes adalah: is; are; am; was; were adapun: with regard to berada: (1) rich (2) to be diadakan: to be held keadaan: condition; situation; circumstances mengada-ngada: to boast; to pretend mengada-ngadakan: to concoct an excuse mengadakan: to hold or conduct; to convene

adik-beradik: brothers and sisters beradik: having siblings

adikung assistant officer

adil fair; just keadilan: justice mengadili: to judge mengadilkan: to judge; to evaluate pengadil: judge; referee pengadilan: judgement

adab politeness; good manners; courtesy beradab: courteous; polite peradaban: civilization; culture adinda

younger brother or sister (esp. in letter-writing)

adang obstruct; block mengadang: to obstruct or block

adu (1)complain (2)compete beradu: (1)to report (2)to compete aduan: complaint mengadu: to report; to accuse pengadu: complainant pengaduan: complaint peraduan: a contest or competition

adas fennel (yellow-flowered fragrant herb)

adat custom; social tradition or practice beradat: polite; customary; ceremonious

aduh

2

exclamation of pain

immeasurable; immense

mengaduh: to groan; to wail agama religion aduhai exclamation of sorrow

beragama: having a religion keagamaan: religious

aduk mix; stir

agar so that

mengaduk: to mix or stir agar-agar jelly

adun knead (dough) adunan: dough mengadunkan: to mix together

agas gnat; sandfly

afiat healthy

agih distribute

mengafiatkan: to restore to good health

diagihkan: distributed mengagihkan: to distribute pengagihan: distribution afrit goblin; mischievous elf or spirit aguk pendant agah murmuring sound mengagah: (1)to gurgle (2)to confront

agung supreme keagungan: supremacy mengagungkan: to honour; to revere

agak guess agak-agak: (1)to guess (2)approximately agaknya: perhaps; maybe beragak: not sure mengagak: to guess; to estimate teragak-agak: to hesitate; to be undecided

ah exclamation of surprise

aha agam

exclamation of triumph

3

mengajak: to invite ajakan: invitation Ahad Sunday ajal doom; death ahli (1)member (2)expert ajar keahlian: membership

teach kurang ajar: disrespectful ajaran: teaching belajar: to learn berajar: educated; courteous mempelajari: to learn in greater detail mengajar: to teach mengajarkan: to teach pelajar: student pelajaran: lesson: education pengajar: teacher pengajaran: something serving as a lesson or warning terpelajar: educated; learned

ahmak stupid

aib (1)disreputable; shameful (2)blemish; flaw; defect keaiban: shame mengaibkan: shameful

aju

air water

moot; bring up for discussion; propose

air batu: ice berair: watery mengairi: irrigate pengairan: irrigation

mengajukan: to propose; to put forward for discussion

ajuk imitate mockingly; tease ais

mengajuk: to imitate mockingly; to tease ajukan: mockery; ridicule; teasing

ice aiskrim: ice-cream akad

contract; promise

ajaib baffling; inscrutable; miraculous

mengakad-nikahkan: to promise marriage

keajaiban: miracle mengajaibkan: miraculous akaid religious dogma ajak invite

4

akal

consequence; result ability to think and reason akibatnya: as a result berakibat: resulted in mengakibatkan: to cause; to result in

akal budi: common sense akal-akal: to pretend or feign berakal: intelligent; smart mengakali: to outwit; to deceive mengakalkan: to think up a plan akidah

belief; faith; confidence akan will; shall akan tetapi: but akan-akan: as if seakan-akan: like; similar; as though

akikah head-shaving of an infant

akil clever

akar root

akil baligh: grown up; adolescent

berakar: having roots akrab intimate in relationship

akhbar newspaper akta

act; law passed by legislative body

akhir final; conclusive; at the end; last akhir-akhir: lately; recently akhiran: suffix akhirnya: finally berakhir: ended mengakhiri: to end pengakhiran: process of ending terakhir: last one

aku me; I akuan: confession; acceptance memperakui: to certify memperakukan: to certify; to recommend mengaku: to confess; to admit mengakui: to admit: to accept; to acknowledge pengakuan: acknowledgement; confession; admission perakuan: recommendatory

akhirat eternity; the next world; life after death

akur

akhlak behaviour; character; morals

agree; consent; approve mengakuri: to agree; to consent; to approve keakuran: agreement; approval

akibat

5

akusaksi attest alat appliance; instrument; tool alabangka crowbar

alat ganti: spare part alat kelamin: genital organs alatulis: stationery alatan: various tools peralatan: various tools beralatkan: to equip memperalatkan: use as a tool

alah (1)allergic (2)lose; defeated alahan: allergy beralah: to surrender mengalah: to surrender mengalahkan: to defeat

algojo hangman; executioner

alam (1)nature; world; universe (2)experience

alih displace; oust; shift; change

berpengalaman: experienced mengalami: to experience pengalaman: experience sealam: having the same nature

beralih: altered; shifted mengalih: to shift; to alter; to change; to displace pengalihan: displacement peralihan: transition; alteration

alamat address; sign alim beralamat: addressed to mengalamatkan: to address to

learned; pious; religious

alir alang

flow (1)crossbeam (2)of little account aliran: current or flow; trend of opinion mengalir: to flow mengalirkan: to direct or channel the flow pengaliran: process of channelling the flow of

alangan: obstacle alangkah: how mengalangi: to obstruct mengalangkan: to put crosswise alis alas

eyebrow foundation; basis; framework; underlayer alasan: excuse; reason; explanation beralasan: well-founded beralaskan: to base on; to line with mengalaskan: to base on; to place an underlayer

aliterasi alliteration

6

alkisah

mengalunkan: to billow; to rise and roll like big waves

the story is that

Allah

alur Muslim name for God

groove; furrow

allahyarham the late; the deceased

am

almarhum the late (for male royalty)

amah

almarhumah the late (for female royalty)

amal

general (not detailed or specific); common

female housekeeper; maid

practice; good deed amalan: practice; good deed beramal: to do good work; to perform good deeds mengamalkan: to practise pengamal: practitioner pengamalan: performance

almari cupboard

alpa negligent

aman peaceful

kealpaan: negligence mengalpakan: to neglect

keamanan: peace mengamankan: to pacify pengamanan: act of creating peace pengaman: peace-maker

alpukat avocado

amanah trust

alu pounder (rice)

mengamanahkan: to entrust pengamanah: trustee

mengalu-alukan: to welcome or greet ceremoniously dialu-alukan: welcome or accepted amanat

commendation alun billow; great wave alunan: act of billowing or rolling beralun-alun: wavy; billowy

amar

7

command; order mengamarkan: to order amir emir (Muslim ruler or commander) amaran warning ampai (1)hang (2)tall and slim amat

ampai-ampai: jellyfish mengampaikan: to hang clothes out to dry terampai: hung to air or dry ampaian: clothes-line

very; extremely mengamati: to scrutinize pengamat: controller pengamatan: observation; scrutiny ampu

ingratiate; bring oneself into a person's favour ambang (1)threshold; lintel (2)bob; float

mengampu: to ingratiate pengampu: sycophant; supporter

ambang pintu: doorway; doorstep mengambang: to hover in the air ampun pardon; forgiveness; amnesty ambil take; obtain; fetch

keampunan: forgiveness; pardon mengampunkan: to forgive; to pardon pengampun: one who forgives or pardons pengampunan: amnesty or pardon

mengambil: to take; to obtain; to fetch ambilan: derivation from pengambilan: act of taking or fetching amuk amboi

amuck; violently out of control; state of murderous frenzy

oh!

mengamuk: attack without thinking pengamuk: person who runs amuck ambul bounce; rebound mengambul: to bounce or rebound mengambulkan: to cause to rebound

ambung back-basket

amin amen; so be it

anai, anai-anai termite

anak child anak angkat: adopted child anak bulan: new moon anak dara: virgin anak merah: newborn

8

anak-beranak: together with the children anak-anak: many children; still a child anak-anakan: doll; puppet anakanda: son or daughter (in letter-writing) beranak: to bear a child; to give birth keanak-anakan: childish peranakan: native

aneh bizarre; odd; unconventional; funny; strange

aneka multifarious; varied; all sorts of

anasir an element; a distinct social group

aneka ragam: variety show beraneka: having a variety of anekarama: concert

anasir jahat: bad social element

ancam menace; threaten

angan imagination

mengancam: to threaten ancaman: a threat terancam: threatened

angan-angan: imagination; a day-dream berangan-angan: to day-dream mengangan-angankan: to wish for; to daydream about terangan-angan: to constantly wish for

anda you angau lovesick andai if; suppose andainya: suppose andaian: assumption berandai: to discuss; to debate mengandaikan: suppose

anggap assume; deem menganggap: to assume; to regard as anggapan: assumption; opinion beranggapan: of the opinion

andam beautician who does the make-up for the bride and bridegroom

anggar estimate

mengandam: to make-up the bride and bridegroom

andas anvil; chopping block

anduh suspend by means of a sling

anggaran: estimation; budget menganggarkan: to estimate

anggerik orchid

anggota

9

(1)limb (2)member

angkat lift; raise

beranggota: (1)having limbs (2)having members anggota badan: part of the body keanggotaan: membership menganggotai: to be a member of

angkatan: troops; armed forces berangkat: to depart; to leave keberangkatan: departure; act of leaving

angkuh angguk

haughty; arrogant; proud nod keangkuhan: arrogance anggukan: act of nodding mengangguk: to nod terangguk-angguk: to keep nodding angkup callipers; pincers; forceps

anggur (1) grape (2) jobless menganggur: unemployed penganggur: one who is unemployed pengangguran: unemployment

angkut convey; transport; transmit mengangkut: to transport berangkut: to transport several times pengangkutan: transportation; means of transport

angin wind berangin: windy; breezy mengangin: to winnow menganginkan: to put in a windy place peranginan: holiday resort

angsa goose

aniaya maltreatment; abuse; injustice; tyranny

angka numerical figure

menganiayai: to oppress; to do injustice penganiaya: oppressor penganiayaan: oppression; tyranny; abuse

perangkaan: statistics

angkara bad or nasty behaviour

anjak shift position slightly beranjak: to shift position slightly menganjakkan: to change the position of

angkasa space (beyond earth's atmosphere) angkasawan: astronaut

anjal elastic; flexible

10

keanjalan: flexibility; elasticity menganjal: to be elastic or flexible

anjing dog

antarabangsa international

antero whole; totally seantero: the whole; totally

anjung projecting facade (of a building) anti opposed to; counteracting; against anjungan bridge (platform on a ship) anting pendulum anjur

anting-anting: ear-ring to jut out menganjur: to jut out anjuran: proposal; sponsored by menganjurkan: to propose; to advocate penganjur: organizer; sponsor; promoter

ansur progress or move in stages

anu so and so

anugerah award; honour; grace menganugerahi: to bestow an award; to confer an award menganugerahkan: to bestow; to confer penganugerahan: bestowal

beransur: to progress in stages ansuran: instalment mengansurkan: to pay by instalments

antah rice grains left unhusked after pounding

anut embrace; accept; profess; adopt (religion) menganut: to follow or profess (a religion) anutan: adherence (to a religion) penganut: follower or convert (religion)

antan pestle anyam antara

weave; plait among; between mengantarai: to mediate; to separate perantara: mediator perantaraan: mediation; medium

menganyam: to weave; to plait anyaman: product of plaiting or weaving; act of plaiting or weaving

11

apa

berarah: having a direction mengarah: to direct mengarahkan: to direct towards pengarah: director searah: in the same direction

what apa-apa: whatever; anything apakah: what apalagi: above all apabila: when apakala: when; if berapa: how much; how many mengapa: why mengapa-apakan: to harm

arak (1)liquor (2)procession berarak: to walk or march in procession mengarak: to walk in procession pengarak: participant in a procession perarakan: procession arak-arakan: cortege; procession; pageant

api fire berapi: on fire berapi-api: fiery mengapikan: to provoke; to instigate

aral obstacle; hinderance; difficulty

apit squeezed between two surfaces

arang charcoal

berapit: wedged in between; closely situated mengapit: to squeeze between two surfaces pengapit: best man (at wedding); maid of honour

batu arang: coal

aras a level

April April arca

image; picture

apung float; drift berapungan: floating or drifting in great numbers mengapungkan: to allow to float terapung: floating or drifting about

ara fig

ari abdomen ari-ari: abdomen

arif learned; wise kearifan: cleverness

arah direction arahan: command; order; instruction; direction

arkib archives

12

asam sour asam jawa: tamarind mengasamkan: to preserve in vinegar or tamarind (as pickle) asam-asaman: sour fruits preserved in salt

arloji clock; watch

arnab rabbit

asap smoke berasap: emitting smoke mengasap: to become smoke; to vapourize mengasapi: to fumigate pengasapan: fumigation perasap: censer

arus current (flow) of water, air or electricity

arwah late (no longer living) asar afternoon asa hope asas foundation for a theory; basis; principle asah

asasnya: in principle berasas: founded or based on mengasaskan: to base on pengasas: founder

sharpen; grind; whet mengasah: to sharpen asahan: act of sharpening pengasah: sharpener; grinder pengasahan: act of sharpening or grinding berasah: whetted

asasi basic; fundamental

asak pack; cram

asin salty

berasak-asak: packed; crammed mengasak: to pack; to stuff asakan: crowd; jam; cramming

mengasinkan: to preserve in salt

asing

asal origin; source

foreign; separate

asalkan: provided that asalnya: originally berasal: originated

asing-asing: separately berasingan: separate mengasingkan: to separate terasing: isolated; separated pengasingan: segregation; exile

13

askar

atas soldier

above; up; upon atasan: superior or upper class mengatasi: to overcome teratas: the highest

asli indigenous; native; natural; original keaslian: originality atau

or ataupun: or

asmara love; passion berasmara: to be in love; to make love atuk

grandfather asrama hostel atur arrange mengatur: to arrange atur cara: programme aturan: regulation; arrangement; rules; procedure; order beratur: arranged: to queue up beraturan: orderly mengaturkan: to arrange peraturan: regulations teratur: orderly; arranged

astaka pavilion

asuh bring up (a child); educate mengasuh: to bring up (a child); to educate; to nurse (an infant) asuhan: up-bringing; care (of a child) pengasuh: baby-sitter

aum roar mengaum: to roar

asyik besotted; infatuated; in love; engrossed asyik maksyuk: infatuated; besotted mengasyikkan: engrossing; occupying one's attention fully

aur bamboo

aurat

atap roof

parts of the body that should not be exposed according to Islamic belief

beratap: having a roof beratapkan: to have as a roof mengatapi: to roof

14

auta bluff; deceit ayak sieve awak you

mengayak: to sieve pengayak: a sieve; a person who sieves pengayakan: act of sieving

perawakan: personality; posture

awal early; beginning

ayak-ayak crane-fly

awalan: grammatical prefix berawalan: having a prefix ayam chicken; fowl awam

ayam belanda: turkey ayam denak: jungle fowl ayam sabung: fighting cock

civil; public; common; general

awan cloud

ayan tin; corrugated iron

berawan: cloudy merawan: to be high in the clouds ayat sentence (set of words) awas caution mengawasi: to supervise; to watch closely berawas-awas: to be cautious pengawas: supervisor; monitor pengawasan: supervision

ayatullah senior Muslim religious leader

ayu pretty

awet conserve; preserve; embalm mengawet: to preserve pengawet: preservative pengawetan: preservation

ayun oscillate; swing berayun-ayun: to swing mengayunkan: to swing

ayah father berayah: having a father ayahanda: father (in letter-writing)

azab

15

suffering mengazab: to torture keazaban: sufferings

embroil; involve (in argument or quarrel) membabitkan: to involve; to implicate pembabitan: involvement

azali from time immemorial

baca read membaca: to read bacaan: act of reading; material to be read membacakan: to read for pembaca: reader pembacaan: act of reading

azam determination; firmness of purpose berazam: to be determined keazaman: determination bacul

cowardly; timid

azan a Muslim call to prayer

azimat talisman

kebaculan: cowardice

badai hurricane

bab chapter badak rhinoceros babad chronicle badam almond babak act or scene(of a play); episode; section of a long piece of music badan (1)body (2)organization berbadan: having a body berbadan dua: pregnant memperbadankan: to corporatize perbadanan: corporation; institution

babas drift; sweep away terbabas: driven out of its course; driven away from from one's goal or principle badik

dagger

babi pig badut babit

clown; comedian

16

Badui

bah Bedouin

bagai

deluge; flood

bahagi as if; like

allot; distribute; divide

bagaikan: as if berbagai-bagai: of various types kepelbagaian: variety pelbagai: various

bahagian: division; part; portion; section membahagi: to divide membahagi-bahagikan: to distribute; to give away membahagikan: to divide; to distribute pembahagi: divider pembahagian: allotment terbahagi: divided

bagaimana how bagaimanapun: however; no matter how or what sebagaimana: as; like

bahagia blissful; lucky; blessed berbahagia: fortunate; blissful kebahagiaan: bliss; happiness membahagiakan: to cause to be happy

bagasi baggage; cargo bahak

guffaw

baghal mule

bagi (1)for (2)give

terbahak-bahak: to laugh loud and long

baham gobble

membagi: to give

baginda His or Her Majesty

membaham: to gobble

bahan substance; matter; material bahan api: fuel

bagur large and clumsy bahana loud noise or sound bagus nice; pleasant; good

17

bahang heat

bahkan moreover

membahang: to heat bahlul inane; silly

bahantara medium (environment) bahu

shoulder

bahari ancient baiduri

opal

baharu new membaharui: to renew pembaharuan: renewal

baik good; all right; fine baik-baik: carefully berbaik: to be on good terms kebaikan: goodness; benefit membaiki: to repair memperbaiki: to repair pembaikan: correction; improvement sebaik-baik: as good as; just sebaiknya: better; as it should be terbaik: the best

bahas debate or discussion berbahas: to debate; to discuss membahaskan: to discuss; to debate; to criticize pembahas: debater perbahasan: a debate or discussion

bait

bahasa

a poem with two lines; couplet

language berbahasa: courteous; cultured; using a language perbahasaan: speech; customary etiquette

bahawa that

baitulmal treasury

baja fertilizer membaja: to fertilize

bahaya danger berbahaya: dangerous membahayakan: to endanger

bajak a plough membajak: to plough

18

bakat talent; flair; aptitude berbakat: talented

baji a wedge membaji: to split using a wedge bakau

mangrove bajik welfare kebajikan: welfare

bakawali a medicinal herbal plant

bajingan scoundrel; rascal

bakhil

baju

baki

stingy; miserly

clothes; dress

balance; remainder

berbaju: dressed membajui: to put on clothes

berbaki: having a balance or surplus

bakti bak

devotion; dedication like; similar berbakti: to be devoted or dedicated membaktikan: to dedicate

baka heredity baku kebakaan: hereditary

standard membakukan: to standardize pembakuan: standardization

bakal future (adj.); aspirant; destined to become bakul basket bakar burn kebakaran: a fire membakar: to burn terbakar: on fire; burnt pembakaran: act of burning

bakung amaryllis (lily-like plant)

bala disaster; calamity

19

balada

baldi ballad

balah

pail; bucket

baldu bicker

velvet

berbalah: to bicker or quarrel membalah: to oppose or defy baligh puberty balai hall; station balai raya: community hall

balik (1)return (2)behind berbalik: to turn back; to return kebalikan: contrary to membalik-balik: to flip over membalikkan: to invert; to reverse to position menterbalikkan: to turn upside down pembalikan: act of turning upside down; act of returning sebaliknya: on the contrary terbalik: upside down; reversed

balak log (timber) membalak: to log pembalakan: logging

balam spotted-neck dove baling berbalam: unclear; vague; hazy

throw; fling membaling: to throw; to fling

balang flagon (vessel with lid, lip and handle for serving wine)

baling-baling propeller; wind-vane

balar albino

balu widow

balas reciprocate; reply; avenge membalas: to reciprocate balasan: reciprocation; response; reply; revenge berbalas-balasan: exchange

baluarti bulwark; stone wall of defence

balung comb (of fowl)

20

balut

bandul wrap; envelop; bandage

pendulum

balutan: wrapping; bandage berbalut: bandaged membalut: to wrap; to bandage membaluti: to wrap pembalut: wrapping; bandage

membandul: to swing like a pendulum

bangang duff; stupid

banci census

bangat fast; quick

bancian: census

bangau

bancuh

stork; flamingo

mix; stir membancuh: to mix; to stir bancuhan: mixture pembancuhan: act of mixing or stirring

bangga elated; proud berbangga: feeling proud kebanggaan: pride membanggakan: to arouse a feeling of pride

bandar town bandaran: municipal perbandaran: municipality bandaraya: city

banggul hillock; mound

bale; large bundle

bangkai carcass

bandela

banding compare

bangkang oppose

membandingkan: to compare berbanding: compared with perbandingan: comparison sebanding: comparable

banduan convict; prisoner

membangkang: to oppose bangkangan: protest; objection; opposition pembangkang: the opposition; one who is opposing

bangkit evoke; bring to one's mind; get up

21

berbangkit: to get up kebangkitan: awakening; resurgence; emergence membangkitkan: to evoke; to awaken; to raise; to arouse a feeling in one's mind

berbanjar: forming a line or row membanjarkan: arrange in a row

banjir flood bangku

membanjiri: to flood bench; stool bantah

bangsa

protest; disobey; oppose race; nation of people membantah: to protest; to oppose bantahan: a protest pembantah: opposer

kebangsaan: national sebangsa: of the same race

bangsal

bantai barn; shed

slaughter; beat up membantai: to slaughter; to beat up; to thrash pembantaian: act of slaughtering pembantai: butcher

bangsat vagrant; scoundrel bantal

pillow

bangsawan high class or rank; nobility; Malay opera

berbantalkan: to use as a pillow bantal golek: bolster bantal peluk: bolster

bangsi bamboo flute banteras fight against; eradicate; exterminate bangun

membanteras: to fight against; to eradicate pembanterasan: eradication

stand; get up; wake up bangunan: building membangun: to get up; to rise; to develop membangunkan: to awaken someone; to develop; to construct pembangunan: development; construction

banting lambaste; reprimand severely membanting: to beat; to lambaste; to thrash membanting tulang: to work hard

banjar row; range banjaran: range of mountains

bantu

22

help; assist; back; aid

barang goods; things

membantu: to help; to assist bantuan: assistance pembantu: assistant; helper

barangan: goods; commodity sebarang: whatever; any sembarangan: whatever; any

bantut stunt; hinder; stop membantutkan: to stunt; to hinder; to stop terbantut: stunted

barangkali perhaps; maybe

barat west

banyak much; many banyak-banyak: in large quantities banyaknya: amount; a large number of kebanyakan: most of; majority of membanyakkan: to increase sebanyak: as much as; as many as sebanyak-banyaknya: at the most terbanyak: the most

kebaratan: westernized kebarat-baratan: westernized pembaratan: westernization

baring lie down berbaring: to lie down; to recline membaringkan: to place in a recumbent position terbaring: in a recumbent position

bapa father bapa saudara: uncle berbapa: having a father sebapa: having the same father

baris line; row barisan: line; front; troops berbaris: to line up membariskan: to arrange in rows pembaris: ruler perbarisan: parade

bara embers membara: furious; smouldering

baru

barah

new

cancer

baru-baru: recently membarui: to renew memperbarui: to renew pembaruan: renovations; reforms

berbarah: having cancer membarah: cancerous

baran grumpy; ill-tempered

barut diaper; dressing; bandage

23

(1) limits; confines; boundaries (2) vegetable bed membatasi: to limit pembatasan: limitation perbatasan: border area; frontier area terbatas: limited; restricted berbatas: having a border

basah wet basah kuyup: drenched basahan: daily used items or clothes membasahi: to wet membasahkan: to wet batik

type of textile print basi stale; mouldy (of food) batin of the inner feelings; mental basmi

tok batin: Proto-Malay tribal chief batiniah: spiritual kebatinan: inner self

eradicate; destroy membasmi: to eradicate pembasmian: eradication batu

(1) stone; rock (2) mile

basuh wash

batu api: instigator batu asah: whetstone berbatu-batu: stony membatu: to keep silent batuan: rock

basuhan: something that is washed membasuh: to wash

bata brick

batuk cough terbatuk-batuk: to cough uncontrollably

batal invalid; null; cancelled membatalkan: to cancel pembatalan: cancellation

bau smell; aroma; odour bau-bauan: scent; fragrance; perfume berbau: to emit an odour terbau: got the smell

batang bar; strip; long solid piece; numerical coefficient for cylindrical objects batang hidung: bridge of the nose

bauk sideburns; whiskers

batas

24

baur

shadow; reflection mix bayang-bayang: shadow; reflection; imagination bayangan: shadow; image berbayang: shadowy; to cast a shadow membayangi: to form an image; to follow and spy on membayangkan: to suggest; to imply terbayang: reflected; pictured terbayangkan: imagined; reflected

berbaur: mixed (with) bauran: mixture; hotchpotch

bawa bring; carry membawa: to bring; to carry membawakan: to bring something for someone terbawa: taken unintentionally terbawa-bawa: to be involved; to be influenced pembawa: bearer; carrier pembawaan: talent

bayar pay membayar: to pay bayaran: payment membayarkan: to pay pembayar: payer pembayaran: payment

bawah below; under bawahan: subordinate; of lower rank or position; inferior terbawah: lowest terkebawah: lowest

bawal

bayi baby

bayu ponfret

bawang

breeze

bazir onion

waste

bawang merah: shallot bawang putih: garlic

membazirkan: to waste pembaziran: wastage

baya

bebal age

imbecile; idiotic; silly; foolish; stupid

sebaya: same age group beban burden; responsibility bayam spinach

bebanan: burden; responsibility membebani: to burden someone membebankan: to burden someone

bayang

25

bebas free; independent kebebasan: freedom membebaskan: to liberate; to release

bedak powder bedak sejuk: powder made from rice berbedak: powdered membedaki: to powder

bebat bandage; dressing membebat: to apply a dressing to a wound bedal

whip; beat bebawang bulb (of plant)

membedal: to whip; to beat

bedek bebel

aim at incomprehensible utterings membedek: to take aim at membebel: to utter incoherently bedil

beberapa several

gunpowder; gun bedilan: shooting; firing membedil: to shoot

bebibir flange; projecting rim beduk big drum used in the mosque beca trishaw; rickshaw begar headstrong; hard; firm becak muddy begini like this becok fond of chatting; talkative begitu like that; so bedah operate; dissect beguk membedah: to operate pembedahan: surgical operation

mumps

26

(1) advocate; defend; avenge (2) rear or breed membela: to defend; to avenge; to look after pembelaan: defence; protection belaan: that which is taken care of

bejana canister

belacan

bekal

shrimp paste

cater; supply food bekalan: provisions; stock; supply; ration berbekal: having a supply of membekalkan: to supply; to provide; to furnish pembekal: supplier pembekalan: that which is supplied

belacu calico

belah bekam

to split; to bisect; to cut in half seize; grip belahan: cleft; cleavage berbelah bagi: half-hearted membelah: to split menyebelahi: to take sides; to side with sebelah: half; beside; towards sebelah-menyebelah: on both sides bersebelahan: side by side; near terbelah: apart; separated

membekam: to draw blood from

bekas (1) former; ex- (2) container (3) traces bekas darah: blood stain bekas luka: scar berbekas: having marks or traces belai

cherish; coaxing; caress belaian: coaxing; caress membelai: to cherish; to caress membelai-belai: to cherish; to caress

bekat full

beku frozen; hardened; solidified

belak

otak beku: stupid person membekukan: to cause to freeze or solidify membeku: to coagulate or clot pembekuan: coagulation

belaka

mottled

altogether; entirely; quite bekuan hot

bela

belakang back; rear; behind belakangan: recently membelakangi: to ignore; to disregard membelakangkan: to ignore; to disregard; to

27

place at the back terkebelakang: out-of-date; far behind

belas (1) compassion; pity; mercy (2) numerals from eleven to nineteen belasan: teenager; numerals from eleven to nineteen kesebelasan: eleventh berbelas: having sympathy or pity

belalai elephant's trunk; proboscis

belalang grasshopper

belasah flog; whip membelasah: to flog; to whip

Belanda Dutch belat fish-trap belang stripe berbelang: striped

belati

clay cooking pot

belau

belanga

European

shimmering belauan: diffraction of light

belangkas king-crab belebas ledge; lath belanja expenses; expenditure belanjawan: budget berbelanja: to spend membelanjakan: to spend perbelanjaan: expenditure

belek scrutinise membelek: to scrutinise

belantan club; bludgeon; truncheon

belengas sticky

belantara forest

belenggu manacle; handcuff; shackle membelenggu: to handcuff; to shackle terbelenggu: handcuffed; shackled

28

pembelit: swindler; deceiver terbelit: coiled; twined belerang sulphur beliung hatchet; small axe; adze beli buy belok membeli: to buy belian: the purchase membeli-belah: shopping membelikan: to buy for pembeli: purchaser pembelian: the purchase terbeli: able to buy

turn (in direction) membelok: to turn (in direction) membelokkan: to change the course or direction belokan: a bend or curve; a change of direction

belot belia

betray youth membelot: to betray pembelot: traitor pembelotan: betrayal; treason

beliak dilated; wide open (of eyes) terbeliak: wide open membeliakkan: to dilate

beliau he or she

belikat

belukar bush; shrub; secondary forest

belulang hide; untanned leather; patch of hardened skin

belum shoulder-blade

not yet sebelum: before

belimbing starfruit belut eel belit circumlocutary; twisting; twining membelit: to coil or twine around belitan: a coil berbelit-belit: coiled; twined; twisted membelitkan: to entwine

bembam roast in hot embers membembam: to roast in hot embers

29

treasurer; bursar

benak silly; stupid

bendalir fluid

benam embed; immerse in water terbenam: immersed in water; embedded membenamkan: to immerse; to embed

bendang wet rice-fields

benang thread

bendar ditch or moat

benar genuine; true; real; correct

bendela bale; package

benar-benar: really; truly; very kebenaran: truth; permission; approval membenarkan: to allow; to permit sebenarnya: in fact

bencana (1) harmful; very unpleasant (2) disaster

bendera flag

bendi lady's finger

benci hate; detest

bendul cross-beam

kebencian: hatred membenci: to hate; to loathe pembenci: one who hates

bendung barrier; dyke benda

membendung: to barricade; to dam

thing kebendaan: materialism bengal

temporarily deaf; stubborn bendahara chief minister of a Malay State perbendaharaan: treasury

bendahari

bengang buzzing or ringing in the ears

bengis

30

cruel; harsh

goitre

membengis: to act cruelly benih seed bengkak (1) swollen; bloated (2) swelling membengkak: to swell

bening transparent; clear; limpid

bengkalai unfinished

benjol bump or swelling, esp. left by a blow

terbengkalai: unfinished

bengkang zig-zag

bentak snarl; snap membentak: to snarl; to snap

bengkang-bengkok: zig-zag

bengkarung newt

bengkel workshop

bentan relapse

bentang spread out (carpet or mat) membentang: to spread out (carpet or mat); to put forward (a proposal) membentangi: to spread out or unroll (carpet or mat) terbentang; spread out or unrolled

bengkeng cantankerous; irritable membengkengi: to scold; to irritate bentar

moment bengkok bent; crooked

sebentar: a moment sebentar-sebentar: at short intervals

membengkokkan: to bend bentara bengkung sash for the waist; corset; girdle

herald; state proclamation officer

benteng benguk

31

stronghold; fortress berbentengkan: use as a fort membentengi: fortify berbenteng: fortified

chestnut

berangsang pep; vigour memberangsangkan: to fill with vigour; to enliven

bentuk form; shape; appearance berbentuk: having the form of membentuk: to form; to create; to mould pembentukan: formation; creation; establishment sebentuk: numerical coefficient for curved objects terbentuk: formed; established

berangus muzzle

berani brave keberanian: bravery memberanikan: to encourage berani mati: not afraid of death

benua continent

bera blush; flushing of face

berapa how much; how many seberapa: any amount; as much or as many as

berahi amorous; feeling sexual love keberahian: passion memberahikan: to arouse passion

beras rice beras kunyit: saffron rice beras pulut: glutinous rice

berak defecate terberak: to defecate

berat heavy; tough beratnya: weight keberatan: reluctant

beranda gallery; verandah; terrace berenga maggot berang disgruntled; discontented; annoyed beres in order; settled berangan

32

membereskan: to settle; to arrange pemberesan: settlement; arrangement

boon; benefit; blessing memberkati: to bless

Berhad Limited

berlian diamond

berhala idol; image; fetish; worshipped object

bernas full (of grain); highly spirited (of speech); factual and convincing (of writing); fertile and productive (of cultivation)

beri give memberi: to give memberikan: to give pemberian: gift; allowance pemberi: one who gives

berontak rebel; revolt memberontak: to rebel; to revolt pemberontak: a rebel; an insurgent pemberontakan: a rebellion; a revolt

beringin banyan tree beroti batten berita news bersih berita angin: rumour berita kilat: newsflash memberitakan: to inform pemberita: reporter; journalist

clean kebersihan: cleanliness membersihkan: to clean pembersih: cleaner pembersihan: act of cleaning

beritahu inform bersin memberitahu: to inform pemberitahuan: announcement; notification

sneeze

bersut berkas

glower; scowl bundle memberkas: to bind; to arrest memberkaskan: to bind; to fasten

bertih rice fried in the husk bertih jagung: popcorn

berkat

33

besok tomorrow beruang bear bestari well-bred; intelligent berudu tadpole besut refine metal membesut: to refine metal; to spurt (of water or blood)

beruk monkey

beta

berus

I; me (used by king)

brush memberus: to brush betah

recovered; accustomed besan parents of a married couple betapa how (emphasising the degree) besar big besar hati: proud; elated besar kepala: stubborn; conceited; big-headed besar mulut: boastful besar-besaran: grand; on a large scale berbesar hati: grateful kebesaran: greatness membesar: to grow big membesar-besarkan: to exaggerate membesarkan: to enlarge membesarkan diri: to brag memperbesar: to enlarge or expand pembesar: dignitary terbesar: largest

betik papaya

betina female

beting sandbar; sandbank

betis

besi

calf (of leg)

iron (metal) besi baja: steel besi berani: magnet

betul correct; true betul-betul: truly; exactly; really

34

kebetulan: by coincidence; by chance; incidentally membetulkan: to correct; to rectify pembetulan: correction sebetulnya: in fact

betung a large type of bamboo

bias deflect; refract biasan: refraction; diversion membiaskan: to deflect; to refract

biasa habitual; usual; ordinary

pembetungan: sewerage

biasanya: usually kebiasaan: custom; habit; practice membiasakan: to accustom; to familiarise

beza difference berbeza: to differ; to be different berbeza-beza: differently membeza-bezakan: to differentiate; to discriminate; to distinguish between membezakan: to differentiate perbezaan: difference; dissimilarity pembezaan: differentiation; discrimination; classification

biasiswa scholarship

biawak iguana

biaya cost; expenses

biadab impolite; discourteous

dibiayai: defrayed membiayai: to defray; to subsidise pembiayaan: financing; subsidisation pembiaya: the person who pays for the expenses

kebiadaban: rudeness

biak prolific; productive; fertile membiak: to multiply; to reproduce membiakkan: to breed; to rear pembiakan: breeding; reproduction

bibir lip

bicara discussion

biar let; allow

berbicara: to discuss membicarakan: to discuss; to deliberate over; to preside over a court case pembicaraan: discussion perbicaraan: court hearing or trial

membiarkan: to allow; to neglect; to ignore terbiar: neglected; ignored

biara convent; monastery

bicu jack (for lifting heavy objects)

35

biduan male singer bidaah heresy biduanda pageboy; valet bidadari houri (beautiful woman of the Muslim paradise)

biduanita female singer

bidai blinds; screen

bijak judicious; smart; wise kebijakan: intelligence; smartness

bidak pawn bijaksana judicious; smart; wise bidal thimble

kebijaksanaan: wisdom; prudence

bidalan: proverb bijan sesame seed bidan midwife biji seed; grain; pip; numerical coefficient for fruits and small spherical objects

bidang domain; field or range of activity; numeral coefficient for things that are spread out and flat

bidas

berbiji: having seed biji-bijian: cereals

bijih criticise; spring back or rebound

ore

membidas: to criticise; to spring back or rebound

bijih besi: iron ore bijih timah: tin ore

bidik

bijirin aim at

cereal

membidik: to aim at bikin

36

make membikin: to make; to manufacture bikinan: product; creation

bimbang fearful; worried; anxious; nervous kebimbangan: anxiety; worry membimbangkan: to cause anxiety

biku edging; trimming

bimbing lead; guide

bila when; if

bimbingan: guidance; tuition; advice membimbing: to lead; to guide pembimbing: a guide or leader; adviser

bila-bila: whenever

bilah blade (of knife or sword); lath; numerical coefficient for weapons of sharpened metal

bimbit carry dangling in the hand membimbit: to carry dangling in the hand

bilal muezzin bin son of bilang calculate; count; tell; repeat bina bilangan: number; amount; quantity berbilang: several; numerous membilang: to count; to call out; to say sebilangan: a number of terbilang: counted; included; famous

construct; build binaan: something built or constructed membina: to construct; to build pembina: builder pembinaan: construction

bilas rinse; wash; cleanse

binasa destroyed; ruined

membilas: to rinse or wash bilasan: cleansing; rinsing

membinasakan: to destroy pembinasa: destroyer pembinasaan: destruction

bilik room binatang animal bilis bloodshot eye

kebinatangan: animalistic characteristics; bestiality

37

bingkis parcel; package bingkisan: a gift or present membingkis: to send a gift or present accompanied by a letter

bincang discuss berbincang: to discuss; to deliberate berbincang-bincang: to discuss membincangkan: to discuss perbincangan: discussion

bingung bewildered; confused kebingungan: bewilderment; confusion membingungkan: to confuse; to puzzle; to perplex

bincut lump; swelling

bini

bingal

wife

stubborn

berbini: married (for a man) bingit deafening

bintang

membingitkan: to deafen tmporarily

star

a type of cake made from tapioca

berbintang: starry sebintang: compatible membintangi: to act in a film perbintangan: astronomy; astrology

bingka

bingkah nugget; chunk

binti

bingkai

bintik

daughter of

spot; dot

frame

berbintik: spotted; dotted bingung bewildered; confused

bintil nodule; pimple

bingkas bounce; rebound membingkas: to bounce; to rebound

biola violin

38

birai

expert; skilled blind or screen, esp. on roller, for window; balustrade bisu mute or dumb

biras relationship between two brothers' wives or between two sisters' husbands

membisu: to remain silent

bisul biri-biri sheep

boil; abscess

bius biru

anesthesia blue membius: to anesthetise pembiusan: anesthetisation

biru lebam: blue black biru muda: light blue kebiru-biruan: bluish kebiruan: blueness bobok

sleep bisa

membobok: to gurgle membobokkan: to put a child to sleep

venom; malice berbisa: venomous; malicious bocor

leaking; a leak bisik whisper

kebocoran: leakage membocorkan: to cause a leak; to puncture

bisikan: a murmur; a whisper berbisik: to whisper membisikkan: to whisper bodoh stupid bising

kebodohan: stupidity memperbodohkan: to make a fool of

noisy kebisingan: noisiness membising: to make noise bogel

nude; naked biskop

berbogel: nude; naked membogelkan: to undress

bishop

bistari

boh

39

cow's moo bomoh bohong

Malay medicine-man lie; bluff berbohong: to lie membohongi: to lie to; to deceive membohongkan: to denounce as a lie; to deny pembohong: liar pembohongan: a lie

bonceng sponger; ride pillion membonceng: to get a lift from; to sponge on somebody memboncengkan: to give a lift to pembonceng: passenger

bola ball bonda mother bolak-balik vacillation berbolak-balik: to vacillate; to hesitate membolak-balik: to twist and turn

boleh can; able to; permitted to boleh jadi: maybe berkebolehan: capable; talented kebolehan: ability membolehkan: to permit; to allow seboleh-bolehnya: to the best of one's ability

bolos pierced; penetrated; stripped off (hair, feathers, clothes, etc.

boneka doll; puppet

bonggol hump berbonggol: having a hump

bongkah block or solid piece berbongkah-bongkah: in large chunks or pieces

membolos: to abandon; to desert

bongkak arrogant; boastful

wrap up

bongkar unpack; unload

bolot membolot: to wrap up; to bundle together; to win

bomba fire brigade

membongkar: to unpack; to unload bongkar-bangkir: in disorder membongkar rahsia: to expose a secret membongkar sauh: to raise up the anchor terbongkar: forced open; exposed pembongkaran: disclosure; upheaval

40

wholesale memborong: to buy wholesale memborongkan: to sell wholesale pemborong: wholesaler

bongkok hunchback membongkok: to stoop; to humble oneself membongkokkan: to bend; to stoop; to bow terbongkok-bongkok; doubled up

boros extravagant memboroskan: to waste borosan: extravagance pemboros: spendthrift

bongsu youngest (of children); lowest (of rungs of ladder or steps) bosan

bored

bonjol a bulge; a lump

kebosanan: boredom membosankan: to bore pembosan: one who is easily bored

boo exclamation of disapproval botak bald bopeng

membotakkan: to make bald

pock-marked

boyak

bor

drab; dull; uninteresting; tasteless

tool for drilling

boyot

borak

pot-bellied

talk idly berborak: to talk idly buah

(1)fruit (2)numeral coefficient for large objects borang

buah fikiran: opinion; thought buah hati: sweetheart buah-buahan: fruits berbuah: to bear fruit membuahkan: to produce; to yield; to cause buah pinggang: kidney

form (document)

borek speckled; spotted

borong

buai

41

swing; rock; sway

buaya crocodile

buaian: a cradle; a swing berbuai-buai: to swing membuai: to make something swing terbuai-buai: swinging; swaying; rocking

buaya darat: thief; scoundrel

bubar disband; disperse; scatter buak effervescence

membubarkan: to disperse; to liquidate pembubaran: liquidation; disbandment

bual converse

bubu fish-trap made of bamboo and rattan

bualan: talk; chatter; conversation berbual: to converse perbualan: conversation bubuh put; add; affix buang

membubuhi: to add; to affix membubuhkan: to add; to affix

discard; throw membuang: to throw membuangkan: to throw away; to discard terbuang: discarded buangan: something that has been discarded

buas savage; uncivilised; wild

bubuk woodworm

bubul cobble; mend roughly

membuas: act savagely bubur porridge

buasir pile; haemorrhoid bucu

corner; angle

buat make; do or perform membuat: to do; to make; to cause buat sementara: temporarily buatan: brand; manufactured by; product of perbuatan: deed; act pembuatan: manufacture; production buat-buatan: pretence

budak child kebudak-budakan: childish

budaya

42

culture

membuka: to open membukakan: to expose; to open; to reveal pembukaan: opening terbuka: not covered; unlimited; public bukaan: an opening or aperture

budayawan: cultured person kebudayaan: culture

budi kindness; good deed

bukan non-; not; does not

budi bahasa: good manners budi bicara: discretion; common-sense budi pekerti: disposition; character berbudi: kind; wise; sensible

bukan-bukan: absurdity; nonsense

bukit hill budiman wise; generous

berbukit: hilly berbukit-bukit: hilly membukit: to pile up; to heap up

bugar strong and healthy bukti evidence; proof membuktikan: to prove terbukti: proven

buih foam berbuih: foaming buku

(1)book (2)loaf (of bread) (3)knot (in wood) (4)node

bujang (1)celebate (2)unmarried man; bachelor

buku lima: fist membukukan: to record; to note; to put into book form pembukuan: an entry in a book

bujuk persuade; coax bujukan: persuasion

bulan (1)moon (2)month bulan madu: honeymoon bulan purnama: full moon bulan sabit: crescent bulanan: monthly berbulan-bulan: for several months

bujur oblong; oval; longitudinal membujur: to stretch out lengthwise terbujur: stretched out lengthwise

bulang

buka open

43

band; strip; head-dress

mengebumikan: to bury pengebumian: burial

bulangan: ribbon buncit bulat

distended; bloated circular; round; spherical membuncitkan: to inflate bulatan: (1)circle (2)traffic roundabout membulatkan: to make circular or round sebulat: unanimous bundar round; globular

bulbul

membundarkan: to make something round nightingale bunga

buli-buli (1)small flask or jug (2)small gland

(1)flower (2)interest (monetary) bunga api: sparklers bunga-bungaan: all kinds of flowers berbunga: to produce flowers berbunga-bunga: floral; flowery membungai: to decorate

bulu fur; body hair; feathers berbulu: hairy; feathery bulu babi: sea-urchin bulu kambing: wool bulu kening: eyebrows

bungkal lump; weight

bamboo

bungkam quiet; speechless

buluh

membungkam: to gag; to silence pembungkam: silencer bulur hungry kebuluran: starvation

bungkus wrap up bungkusan: parcel; package membungkus: to wrap pembungkusan: packaging berbungkus: wrapped up pembungkus: wrapper

bumbung roof membumbung: to rise; to ascend

bunian

bumi (1)earth (2)dry land

invisible forest elf or spirit

44

sound bunyi-bunyian: music berbunyi: to sound membunyikan: to produce a sound sebunyi: of the same sound

buntak short and stout

buntal (1)bloated; pot-bellied (2)globe-fish

buru hunt berburu: to hunt memburu: to hunt pemburu: hunter pemburuan: a hunt perburuan: prey terburu-buru: in great haste

buntang wide open and staring (of eyes) membuntang: to stare wide-eyed

buntil cloth knapsack

buruh labourer; worker perburuhan: labour

bunting pregnant (of animals) buruj constellation of stars buntu blocked or closed kebuntuan: deadlock

buruk bad; ugly buruk laku: ill-mannered buruk makan: gluttonous buruk sangka: prejudiced buruk siku: to take back what has been given keburukan: ugliness; badness; wickedness memburukkan: to worsen; to aggravate

buntut bottom or buttocks membuntuti: to trail; to follow

bunuh kill berbunuhan: killing of one another membunuh: to kill pembunuh: killer; murderer pembunuhan: murder; killing terbunuh: killed

bunyi

burung bird

burut hernia

busa

45

froth; foam berbusa: to froth; to foam membusa: to pant; to puff

cabang branch bercabang: having branches bercabang-cabang: having many branches

busuk rotten; bad; putrid membusuk: to give out a strong bad odour membusukkan: to disgrace or defame; to putrefy kebusukan: decay; badness

cabar challenge cabaran: a challenge mencabar: to challenge pencabar: challenger

busung bloated; distended cabik tattered; ragged; torn busur bow (for shooting arrows)

mencabik: to tear or rip mencabikkan: to tear or rip

busut molehill; anthill

cabul indecent; disgusting mencabul: to molest mencabuli: to molest pencabulan: violation; molestation

buta blind buta huruf: illiterate membuta: (1)to sleep soundly (2)to act blindly cabut

(1) to pull out (2) to flee cabut lari: to leave immediately cabutan: a draw (as in a lottery) mencabut: to pull out; to extract by pulling mencabut nyawa: to take a life mencabut undi: to draw lots tercabut: has been pulled out

butang button

butir (1)item; fact; point (2)numeral coefficient for small round objects cacah

tattoo buyung earthenware

bercacah: tattooed mencacah: to tattoo

cabai chilli

46

cacak

lift up (e.g. snake's head about to strike) upright or erect (for pole) mencaduk: to lift up (e.g. snake's head about to strike)

mencacak: to plant upright mencacakkan: to plant upright tercacak: upright or erect cagar

deposit; mortgage cacar smallpox

cagaran: a deposit mencagarkan: to pawn; to mortgage; to deposit as security

bercacar: vaccinated against smallpox pencacaran: vaccination against smallpox cagut cacat

peck or eat with beak defective; handicapped; deformed mencagut: to peck or eat with beak cacat akal: mentally retarded kecacatan: a handicap or defect mencacati: to abuse; to deface; to deform cahaya light; radiance

caci

bercahaya: giving out light scorn; abuse cacian: an abusive remark bercaci-cacian: to exchange abusive remarks mencaci: to scorn; to abuse

cair liquid cairan: solution; dilution mencairkan: to liquefy; to melt; to dilute pencairan: liquefaction

cacing worm cakah cadang

obtuse; blunt intend bercadang: intend cadangan: proposal; suggestion mencadangkan: to propose; to plan; to suggest pencadang: proposer

cakap talk; speak bercakap: to talk; to speak bercakap-cakap: to chat percakapan: conversation; talk

cadar bedsheet cakar (1) a claw (2) claw or scratch caduk bercakar: to argue

47

mencakar: to scratch; to claw pencakar langit: skyscraper

cam recognise; identify mengecam: to recognise; to identify mengecamkan: to ascertain the identity of pengecaman: identification

cakera wheel; disc cakera padat: compact disc camar

seagull cekerawala universe; firmament cambah burgeon; begin to grow rapidly bercambah: germinate; sprout mencambahkan: to sow percambahan: germination

cakup catch something by using hand or mouth mencakup: to catch something using hand or mouth camca

spoon calar abrasion; scratch calar-balar: badly scratched bercalar: having been scratched mencalarkan: to scratch tercalar: injured by being scratched

campak (1) throw; fling; hurl (2) measles mencampak: to throw; to fling mencampakkan: to throw away; to fling; to hurl; to cast away tercampak: thrown

calit smear or smudge calitkan: to smear with mencalit: to smear or smudge mencalitkan: to smear or smudge

campur mix campur tangan: interfere campuran: mixture; combination bercampur: to be involved; to associate bercampur baur: mixed (feelings) bercampur gaul: to mingle mencampur: to mix mencampuradukkan: to mix up; to muddle up mencampuri: to mix with; to associate with mencampurkan: to mix tercampur: mixed; blended

calon candidate mencalonkan: to nominate pencalonan: nomination

calung dipper; ladle; cup for collecting latex

canai grind; polish

48

batu canai: whet-stone; grinding wheel roti canai: a flat Malaysian bread made from wheat mencanai: to roll out the dough; to grind; to polish

canang gong

cangkir small cup

cangkuk hook

mencanangkan: to announce

mencangkuk: to hook mencangkukkan: to attach hooks to tercangkuk: hooked

candat grapnel cangkul hoe candu

mencangkul: to hoe; to dig opium cangkung squat

cangak look up

mencangkung: to squat mencangak: to look up cantas canggah (1) fork (2) dissent

to prune, trim or lop mencantas: to prune, trim or lop

bercanggah: in opposition; conflicting; forked bercanggahan: in opposition; conflicting; forked percanggahan: opposition; conflict

cantik beautiful kecantikan: beauty mencantikkan: to beautify

canggih (1) sophisticated (2) excessively talkative kecanggihan: sophistication cantum

coalesce; join together; come together canggung gauche; awkward; clumsy

cangkat

bercantum: to join together; to coalesce; to come together mencantumkan: to join; to merge; to bring together percantuman: merger; union tercantum: joined together

hillock

49

carik

cap stamp; print; trade mark

tear or rip

cap jari: fingerprint cap mohor: royal or official seal mengecap: to imprint; to stamp a mark or brand

mencarik-carikkan: to tear into small pieces

carta chart; map; table; diagram capai achieve; attain; accomplish caruk gorge; eat greedily

mencapai: to achieve; to attain; to accomplish pencapaian: achievement; accomplishment; attainment tercapai: achieved carum

fee; subscription caruman: fee; subscription

capal sandals carut

obscenity

capik lame; limping

mencarut: to talk obscenely tercapik-capik: limping cas electrical charge

cara way; means; method secara: by way of; like; resembling cat

paint bercat: painted mengecat: to paint

cari search mencari: to search; to look for mencari-cari: to search; to look for mencarikan: to look for tercari-cari: looking for; searching pencarian: livelihood

catat note down; jot down mencatat: to note down; to jot down catatan: a note mencatatkan: to note down; to jot down pencatat: registrar

carigali exploration mencarigali: to explore catu

ration

50

catuan: a ration; a fixed allowance mencatukan: to ration pencatuan: rationing

cebis bit; piece cebisan: a small piece or quantity

catuk peck with beak

cebok (1) water dipper (2) wash up after defaecating or urinating

mencatuk: to peck with beak

mencebok: to wash the lower part of the body after defaecating or urinating catur chess cebur catut

plunge pincers mencebur: to plunge menceburi: to get involved in; to plunge into menceburkan: to plunge into; to get involved in

cauk dimple cecah dip lightly cawak

mencecah: to dip lightly mencecahkan: to touch something lightly

dimple

cawan cup

cawangan branch (e.g. of office)

cawat loincloth

cecair liquid

ceceh bleat

cecekik noose

bercawat: to wear a loincloth cedera injure

cebik pout; jeer; mock mencebik: to pout; to jeer; to mock mencebikkan: to pout

kecederaan: injury mencederakan: to injure; to hurt tercedera: injured; wounded

51

kecekapan: competence; efficiency ketidakcekapan: incompetent

cedok scoop up mencedok: to scoop up pencedok: a scoop cekau

clutch at; grasp at mencekau: to clutch at; to grasp at

cegah deter; prevent mencegah: to deter; to prevent; to hinder pencegah: something that prevents; preventive pencegahan: prevention

cekik choke; strangle mencekik darah: daylight robbery tercekik: choking; to be choked

cegat stand erect or upright tercegat: stand erect or upright

cekuh hold with the hand mencekuh: to hold with the hand

cekah to crack or split cekung concave cekak amount one can hold with thumb and finger secekak: amount one can hold with thumb and finger bercekak: with arms akimbo bercekak pinggang: standing with arms akimbo mencekak: to hold between thumb and finger

cekup cover or catch something with the palm mencekup: to cover or catch something with the palm

cela fault; blame; flaw; misdeed

cekal resolute; firm; determined

celaan: criticism; rebuke mencela: to blame; to criticise; to rebuke mencelakan: to blame; to criticise; to rebuke tercela: despicable

cekal hati: stout-hearted; steadfast

cekang stiff; taut; tight celaan severe criticism and rebuke cekap efficient; proficient; competent celah

52

interspace; slit; crevice; cleft

celoteh chat

mencelah: to interrupt berceloteh: to chatter celak eye-liner

celungap eat greedily

fatal; fateful; inauspicious; damn

celup

celaka dip in liquid; dye kecelakaan: misfortune; accident mencelakakan: to cause misfortune; to ruin

mencelup: to dip; to immerse temporarily mencelupkan: to dip; to immerse temporarily pencelup: dye pencelupan: act of dipping

celana trousers celur immerse in boiling water; scald celapak

mencelur: to scald

straddle mencelapak: to straddle celus

penetrate or slip in celaru

mencelus: to penetrate; to slip in

disorganised; disorderly bercelaru; disorganised; disorderly mencelarukan: to disorganise cemar

contaminated; impure; polluted mencemari: to contaminate; to pollute mencemarkan: to dirty; to tarnish pencemaran: pollution; contamination tercemar: contaminated; polluted

celepa metal containers for cigarettes, tobacco, etc

celik open (eyes); wake up

cemara wig; artificial hair

mencelik mata: to open the eyes mencelikkan: to open the eyes cemas

dreaded; frightened; worried; desperate

celopar talkative; out-spoken; very frank

kecemasan: emergency; urgency mencemaskan: to cause fear

53

prawn pickle cembul container; receptacle

cencang chop or mince mencencang: to chop or mince

cembung convex cencorot musk-shrew or shrew-mouse cemburu jealous cendana sandalwood cemerlang excellent kecemerlangan: excellence; glory; glow; radiance

cendawan mushroom bercendawan: mouldy

cemeti whip cendekia intellectual; learned cendekiawan: an intellectual

cemik pout lips to sneer mencemik: to pout one's lips to sneer or tease mencemikkan: to pout; to sneer

cendera (1) moon (2) deity

cempaka a type of tree with sweet-smelling flowers

cempedak a fruit resembling the jackfruit

cenderamata souvenir

cenderawasih bird of paradise

cemuh flout or disobey openly; ridicule

cenderung inclined or sloping

mencemuhkan: to ridicule kecenderungan: tendency; inclination cencaluk

54

cendol a drink made of jelly-like strands of dough and coconut milk

cepat quick; fast; early kecepatan: quickness; speed mempercepatkan: to quicken; to speed up secepat: as quickly as

cengang amaze tercengang-cengang: amazed

cepiau hat with strings that tie under the chin; bonnet

cengkadak praying mantis

cepoa abacus

cengkam grasp or clutch tightly

cepoh club-footed

cengkaman: grasp; grip; clutch; stranglehold mencengkam: to grasp; to clutch cepu

small ornamental casket

cengkeram deposit

cengkerama amuse

cepudebunga: anther

cepumas jackpot

bercengkerama: to amuse ceracap castanets

cengkerik cricket or cicada (insect) ceracau

mutter or talk nonsense

cengkih clove (spice)

cengkung sunken or hollow (of eyes or cheeks)

menceracau: to mutter or talk nonsense; to cry in one's sleep

cerah bright; fair (light-coloured); fine (weather); promising

cenuram cliff cerai

55

divorce; separate; scatter

bright; clever; intelligent

ceraian: section of a written law or agreement bercerai: divorced; to part bercerai-berai: scattered; broken up menceraikan: to divorce; to separate perceraian: separation; divorce tercerai: separated; scattered

kecerdekan: intelligence

cerakin to analyse

cerek kettle

cereka story; fiction

mencerakin: to analyse mencerakinkan: to analyse cerewet fussy; fastidious ceramah a lecture or talk berceramah: to lecture penceramah: speaker

cergas energetic; alert; full of initiative kecergasan: agility; alertness

cerana metal box

cerita story bercerita: to tell a story menceritakan: to narrate penceritaan: narration of a story

cerang moor

cerat nozzle

cermat careful; cautious; thrifty mencermatkan: to economise

cerca scorn; insult mencerca: to scorn; to insult

cermin mirror cermin mata: spectacles cerminan: reflection bercermin: having a mirror mencerminkan: to reflect; to give an impression of

cerdas apt; intelligent kecerdasan: intelligence cerna cerdik

56

digest mencernakan: to digest pencernaan: digestion

cerun steep slope (at edge of plateau) kecerunan: gradient; steepness

ceroboh (1) trespass; gatecrash; intrude (2) graceless menceroboh: to trespass penceroboh: trespasser; intruder pencerobohan: intrusion

cerut (1) cheroot (2) to tie tightly; to strangle with rope mencerut: to tie up tightly; to strangle mencerut leher: to strangle

cerobong ship's funnel; chimney cerutu cigar cerompong muzzle (of firearm) cetai tattered cerpelai mongoose

cerpen

bercetai-cetai: tattered

cetak short story

print

cerpenis: short story writer

cetak rompak: piracy (in printing) cetakan: edition; print (noun) mencetak: to print percetakan: printing

cerucuk pile driven into the ground cetek shallow cerucup love-grass ceti money lender ceruh to pound (rice) menceruh: to pound (rice)

cetus outburst (of feeling); outbreak cetusan: outburst; outbreak mencetuskan: to cause an outburst

ceruk nook; corner

57

pencinta alam: nature lover percintaan: love affair tercinta: loved cicak lizard cipan (1) battle-axe (2) tapir cicit great grandchild mencicit: to squeak

cipta create; invent ciptaan: creation mencipta: to create; to invent pencipta: creator; author penciptaan: the creation of tercipta: created; composed

cicir drop or fall out berciciran: dropping scatteredly keciciran: drop-out mencicirkan: to scatter little by little tercicir: left behind; dropped out; lagged behind

ciri characteristic bercirikan: featured; characterised mencirikan: to characterise

Cik Miss

cirit-birit diarrhoea

cikgu teacher

cita-cita ambition

ciku sapodilla (fruit)

bercita-cita: ambitious citarasa: taste; flavour

Cina Chinese

cium (1) kiss (2) smell bercium: (1) to kiss (2) to smell ciuman: (1) a kiss (2) a sniff; a smell bercium-ciuman: to exchange kisses mencium: (1) to kiss (2) to smell; to sniff tercium: (1) kissed accidentally (2) sniffed; smelt

cincin ring

cinta love bercinta: in love; having feeling of love mencintai: to love pencinta: lover; fan; admirer

cocok

58

suitable; agreeable; compatible

condong incline; slant

secocok: suitable; agreeable; compatible; identical; similar

kecondongan: inclination mencondongkan: to slant; to incline

cogan ensign

congak count mentally

cogan kata: slogan; motto congkak conceited; proud

coklat brown; chocolate

conteng cokmar

doodle ceremonial mace menconteng: to doodle on mencontengkan: to doodle

colek a bit contoh secolek: a bit mencolek: to touch; to scrape up

example; sample; model mencontohi: to take as an example percontohan: specimen; sample

coli brassiere copet pickpocket mencopet: to pickpocket pencopet: a pickpocket

colok joss-stick

corak

comel

design; pattern; colour

cute

bercorak: having designs and colour mencorakkan: to design comot dirty; grubby corat-coret sketch; scrawl compang-camping in rags or tatters (clothes) corek scratch

59

cubit pinch coreng

mencubit: to pinch secubit: a pinch (very small amount) cubitan: a pinch

scratch or streak coreng-moreng: full of streaks and scratches bercoreng: streaked cuci

(1)wash (2)develop (a film) coret scribble or scrawl

mencuci: to wash cucian: laundry or washing

corong funnel; chimney; microphone

cucu grandchild cucu-cicit: grandchild and great grandchild

corot hindmost cucuh ignite cota

mencucuh: to ignite mencucuhkan: to set fire to pencucuh: igniter

baton

cuaca weather; climate

cucuk prick; inject; pierce mencucuk: to prick; to inject; to poke tercucuk: pricked; pierced; stabbed

cuai careless; negligent kecuaian: carelessness; negligence mencuaikan: to neglect; to act carelessly

cucunda grandchild

cuak afraid; nervous

cucur flow; trickle; sprinkle bercucuran: to flow; to gush mencucuri: to pour on; to sprinkle on mencucurkan: to sprinkle

cuba try; attempt cubaan: an attempt; an experiment mencuba: to try; to attempt; to test percubaan: act of trying

cuit

60

beckon with finger

kidnap

mencuit: to touch with the fingertips

menculik: to kidnap penculik: kidnapper penculikan: kidnapping

cuka vinegar cuma cuka getah: formic acid

only; merely percuma: free (without any charge)

cukai tax cumbu cukai pendapatan: income tax cukai pintu: assessment cukai kepala: levy cukai tanah: quit rent mencukai: to tax

cukup

praise; flatter; caress; kiss cumbuan: smooch; flattery; caress; kiss bercumbu-cumbuan: smooch bercumbuan: to flirt

cungap enough; exactly

pant

cukup bulan: end of the month cukup letih: exhausted cukup umur: having reached the required age mencukupi: enough; sufficient; adequate mencukupkan: to supplement; to make sufficient

tercungap: panting tercungap-cungap: panting

cungkil pick; dig out; extract mencungkil: to pick; to dig out; to extract

cukur shave bercukur: to shave mencukur: to shave pencukur: shaver; person who shaves

cupak a cubic measure

cuping

cula

ear-lobe

horn of rhinoceros

curah

culas lazy

culik

pour mencurah: to pour curahan: downpour; outpour mencurahi: to pour on mencurahkan: to pour out

61

curam

dada steep

chest

kecuraman: steepness mencuram: to steepen

mendada: to walk proudly; to strut

dadah curang

drug insincere; disloyal; dishonest kecurangan: dishonesty mencurangi: to deceive

dadak sudden; abrupt

curi steal

dadih curdle

mencuri: to steal kecurian: stolen; theft pencuri: thief dadu

dice curiga suspicious; questionable kecurigaan: suspicion mencurigai: to suspect; to distrust mencurigakan: to arouse suspicion

curut cigar; cheroot

daerah district kedaerahan: regionalism

daftar register berdaftar: registered mendaftar: to register or enrol mendaftarkan: to register or enrol pendaftar: registrar pendaftaran: registration

cuti leave; holiday; vacation cuti am: public holiday bercuti: to be on holiday percutian: vacation; holiday dagang

dabik to beat or thump

dacing weighing scale or balance

foreign; alien; trade dagangan: merchandise berdagang: to trade memperdagangkan: to commercialise; to trade in something pedagang: trader; merchant perdagangan: trade; commerce

62

weak; feeble; humble; lowly kedaifan: weakness; incompetence daging meat; flesh dajal mischievous dagu chin dakap embrace or hug dahaga

berdakap: to embrace or hug dakapan: a hug berdakap-dakapan: embracing one another mendakap: to embrace or hug

thirsty mendahagakan: to cause thirst

daham hum; clear throat

daki (1)dirt or stain (2)climb

berdaham: to hum; to clear throat especially to attract attention

pendakian: a climb mendaki: to climb or ascend pendaki: climber terdaki: to manage to climb

dahan branch (of plant) dakwa accusation dahi

dakwaan: summons; accusation; indictment mendakwa: to accuse; to indict; to charge pendakwa: prosecutor; complainant pendakwaan: prosecution; summons

forehead

dahsyat horrible; awful; terrible dakwah sermon or preaching dahulu

berdakwah: to preach pendakwah: preacher

before; former; of the past; earlier dahulu kala: long ago mendahului: to be ahead mendahulukan: to advance or bring forward pendahuluan: a preface; an advance (of payment, etc.) terdahulu: earlier

dakwat ink

dakyah daif

propaganda

63

damak dart (for blow-pipe) dalal fee or commission damar resin dalam (1)inside; in (2)deep dalamnya: depth; profundity mendalam: profound; detailed mendalami: to probe further mendalamkan: deepen pedalaman: hinterland; interior sedalam: as deep as sedalam-dalamnya: as thoroughly as possible

dampar cast ashore; stranded terdampar: washed ashore; stranded

damping intimate (friendship) berdampingan: adjacent; adjoining; side by side; close to mendampingi: to stand next to; to flank

dalang mastermind mendalangi: to mastermind dan

and

dalih equivocation; pretext berdalih: to give excuses berdalih-dalihan: to blame one another mendalihkan: to feign; to pretend

danau lake

dandan

dalil

coiffure; hair-style

proof

dandanan: coiffure; make-up; outfit berdandan: adorned mendandan: to adorn

dam draughts (board game) dangau

small temporary hut (in rice-field or orchard)

damai peace; tranquility berdamai: to make peace kedamaian: peace; tranquility mendamaikan: to pacify pendamai: peacemaker; mediator perdamaian: peace

dangkal shallow; unintelligent kedangkalan: shallowness; superficiality

64

dansa

mendaratkan: to bring something to land pendaratan: landing

dance

dapat

dari earn; get as reward; gain as interest; can (be able to) mendapat: to receive; to obtain mendapati: to realise; to discover mendapatkan: to get; to communicate pendapat: opinion pendapatan: income sedapat-dapatnya: if possible; as far as possible terdapat: found; discovered

dapur kitchen; stove

from (place or time)

daripada from (person)

darjah degree; standard; class

darjat status; rank berdarjat: of high rank or status sedarjat: of equal status

dara maiden; virgin darurat

emergency

darab multiplication mendarabkan: to multiply pendarab: multiplier

darah blood darah daging: blood relation darah muda: youthful darah panas: hot-headed darah tinggi: hypertension berdarah: bloody; bleeding pendarahan: haemorrhage sedarah: of the same family line

das gun or rifle shot

dasar base; policy; underlying principle berdasarkan: based upon

datang come or arrive mendatang: to come or appear suddenly kedatangan: arrival mendatangi: to pay a visit; to attack; to invade mendatangkan: to bring about pendatang: immigrant

darat land daratan: mainland mendarat: to land datar

65

flat; even

dayu rumble; moan

dataran: plain; area of flat land mendatar: horizontal; level or flat

datin

mendayu: to rumble; to moan

dayung a title of distinction for woman

oar berdayung: rowing (boat) mendayung: to row pendayung: oarsman

datuk (1)grandfather (2)title of distinction for man and woman dayus

man whose wife has committed adultery daulat majesty; kingly power berdaulat: sovereign; supreme kedaulatan: sovereignty

debar palpitation or throbbing debaran: throbbing or palpitation berdebar: to throb or palpitate mendebarkan: to cause to palpitate

daun leaf berdaun: having leaves debu

dust; dirt berdebu: dusty

dawai wire mendawaikan: to connect wires in pendawaian: wiring

debunga pollen mendebungakan: to pollinate pendebungaan: pollination

daya power; capacity; ability memperdayakan: to cheat or deceive berdaya: to have the ability sedaya: to the extent possible terdaya: capable of terperdaya: tricked; deceived

debus whistling or rustling sound

dedah divulge; expose; reveal dayang court maiden

mendedahkan: to introduce; to expose; to reveal pendedahan: revelation; exposure terdedah: exposed

66

dedak bran

degil

demikian thus; hence; therefore

denai stubborn; obstinate

spoor; track or scent left by an animal

kedegilan: stubbornness denda fine (imposed for offence) dekah guffaw; loud laughter dendam revenge; grudge; spite dekan dean

berdendam: having a grudge mendendami: to have a grudge against pendendam: the person who has a grudge

dekat near berdekatan: nearby kedekatan: proximity mendekati: to come close to berdekat: to be nearby terdekat: nearest

delapan

dendang singing happily and for fun berdendang: to sing gaily dendangan: singing mendendangkan: to sing for someone

dengan eight

delima

with

dengar (1) ruby (2) pomegranate

hear or listen mendengar: to hear or listen kedengaran: audible mendengarkan: to listen to; to overhear memperdengarkan: to let someone hear pendengar: listener pendengaran: sense of hearing

demam fever

demi (1) for (2) when (3) one by one (4) by (for oath or vow) berdemi: to swear by the name of God

dengki jealousy; envy berdengki-dengkian: jealous; envious

67

mendengki: to envy; to spite kedengkian: jealousy; envy

depa fathom; length measured by outstretched arms mendepakan: to stretch the arms out sideways

dengking squeal; yelp (of a dog) berdengking: to yelp; to squeal mendengking: to yelp; to squeal

depan front di depan: in front ke depan: to the front berdepan: face to face mengedepankan: to bring forward; to propose terdepan: foremost terkedepan: first in line

dengkur snore berdengkur: to snore

dera dengung buzzing sound

punish deraan: punishment mendera: to punish; to abuse

berdengung: to buzz

dengus

derai a snort

dengut

crumble

deram emit a long murmur

a growl berderam-deram: to rumble menderam: to growl

denting a tinkling sound derap (1)footstep (2)pattering sound dentum an explosive sound dentuman: a loud bang berdentum: to make a loud bang

denyut

deras rapid; quick; swift

derau beat (heart) or throb

sound of wind in the rain

denyutan: a beat (heart); a throb; pulsation berdenyut: to pulsate; to throb; to beat (heart) deret

68

row or line deretan: rows (of houses) berderet: in rows berderet-deret: lined up in rows berderetan: lined up in rows sederet: in a single row or line

derhaka disloyal; treacherous

menderu: to roar deruan: a roar

desa countryside

desak insist or urge; jostle; press

menderhaka: to betray penderhaka: traitor penderhakaan: betrayal; treachery

deria sense (e.g. sight, smell, hearing, taste, touch)

dering a chime or burr

desakan: pressure; compelling force mendesak: to push; to urge terdesak: desperate

desas-desus heresay; rumour

desing whistle of the wind

berdering: to ring (of phone); to chirp desir rustle of leaves; hissing or sizzling sound

derita suffering or distress

desiran: rustle; hiss

menderita: to suffer penderitaan: suffering destar turban derma donation dermawan: philanthropist menderma: to donate mendermakan: to donate something penderma: donor

desur babbling sound

detak throbbing or thumping dermaga wharf or dock detik second or moment; tick deru roar

berdetik: ticking terdetik: ticking

69

candle dewa male deity or god

diang bask

mendewa-dewakan: to show excessive devotion

dewan

berdiang: to bask

didih hall; council

boil

Dewan Negara: Senate Dewan Rakyat: House of Representatives (Lower House of Parliament)

mendidih: to boil

didik educate or train; bring up (children); breed dewasa adult

didikan: educational training; upbringing berpendidikan: educated mendidik: to educate; to train; to teach; to nurture pendidik: teacher; educator pendidikan: education terdidik: educated; well brought up

kedewasaan: adulthood

dewi female deity or goddess dif

guess

di at dikau

you

dia he or she; him or her; it; his dikit

a few; a little

diam (1)silent or quiet (2)inhabit or live diam ubi: quiet but diligent person diam-diam: secretly; quietly kediaman: residence mendiami: to reside or inhabit mendiamkan: to silence mendiamkan diri: to become silent pendiam: quiet person terdiam: become speechless or silent

berdikit-dikit: bit by bit

dinding wall pendinding: a screen or partition berdindingkan: walled mendindingi: to enclose within a wall

dian

70

dingin cold kedinginan: coldness

dogol bald kedogolan: baldness mendogolkan: to make bald

dinihari before dawn dompet purse; wallet diraja royal dondang swinging-cot diri (1) oneself (2) stand berdiri: to stand mendirikan: to build; to erect pendirian: standpoint terdiri: to consist of

dondang-sayang: a traditional Malay song sung alternately by two persons

dongak tilt the head upwards mendongak: to tilt the head upwards mendongakkan: to tilt the head upwards

Disember December

dongeng fable; myth

doa prayer

dongengan: fable; myth berdoa: to beg; to pray mendoa: to beg; to pray mendoakan: to pray for dorong impel; urge into being interested; motivate dobi

mendorong: to impel; to urge; to motivate dorongan: urging; motivation; encouragement pendorong: one who impels terdorong: motivated

laundry or dhobi

dodoi lullaby dosa mendodoikan: to sing to sleep

sin berdosa: to be sinful

dodol a sweet Malay delicacy dua

71

two

dukacita feeling sorry; sad

dua sejoli: lovebirds berdua: both berdua-dua: two by two berdua-duaan: the only pair kedua: second menduakan: to make two of

berdukacita: to grieve mendukacitakan: to aggrieve

dukun medicine man dubur anus dukung carry astride the back or waist duda

mendukung: to carry astride the back or waist berdukung: to be seated astride the back or waist pendukung: one who carries something or someone astride the back or waist

widower

duduk (1)to sit (2)to stay or reside duduk-duduk: sit around duduknya: situation berpenduduk: populated bersekedudukan: to live together kedudukan: situation; position menduduki: to occupy for residence mendudukkan: to place; to seat terduduk: to flop down penduduk: inhabitant

duga guess

dulang tray mendulang: to pan for ores

duli your majesty; dust

dungu stupid

menduga: to guess dugaan: anticipation; conjecture; trials

kedunguan: stupidity

dunia

duit

world

money

duniawi: worldly keduniaan: worldliness sedunia: the whole world duka sadness; grief; sorrow duka lara: sorrowful kedukaan: sorrow

duri thorn berduri: thorny

72

pengedar: distributor pengedaran: distribution peredaran: circulation; rotation; revolution; orbit

durjana evil; wicked eh

exclamation of enquiry

dusta a lie; untrue statement berdusta: to lie mendustai: to lie to

ehwal matters; affairs

dusun orchard

eja spell mengeja: to spell ejaan: spelling

duta envoy; ambassador kedutaan: embassy ejek

jeer; mock mengejek: to mock; to jeer ejekan: mockery

duyun in a swarm or crowd berduyun-duyun: in a swarm or crowd eka

one; sole duyung mermaid ekanada monotone dwi dual dwibahasa: bilingual dwibulanan: bimonthly dwimata: binocular dwipihak: bipartite dwitahunan: biennial edar circulate; distribute beredar: to circulate; to distribute mengedar: to circulate; to distribute edaran: cycle; circulation; rotation mengedari: to revolve around mengedarkan: to distribute; to ciculate

ekar acre

ekasuku monosyllable

ekor tail; numeral coefficient for animals ekoran: consequence; result

73

berekor: having a tail mengekor: hang like a tail mengekori: to tail; to follow closely empang dam ela

empangan: dam yard (measure of length) empar

elak

centrifugal; off course dodge; evade; avoid emparan: centrifuge mengelak: to dodge; to avoid; to evade mengelakkan: to evade; to dodge; to avoid empat four

elok beautiful; good mengelokkan: to beautify memperelokkan: to beautify seelok-eloknya: the best or most appropriate way

berempat: group of four keempat: fourth

emper penthouse

emak mother

emping flake (e.g. of snow); sweetmeat made from unripe rice fried and pounded flat

emas gold keemasan: golden

embek cry of a sheep, goat or calf

empuk soft; tender

empulur pith (of stem or fruit)

mengembek: to bleat enak delicious

embun dew berembun: wet with dew

enam six

embut raise a fishing-line slowly

enapan

74

sediment engsot enau

move slightly and slowly kind of palm enjal

Encik

cram or stuff Mr. mengenjal: to cram or stuff (as of food into the mouth)

endah heed; pay attention to entah mengendahkan: to heed

don't know entah-entah: maybe

endap ambush enteng mengendap: to wait in ambush

light; easy keentengan: ease; lightness

endul cradle epal apple enggan unwilling; reluctant keengganan: unwillingness; reluctance

enggang hornbill

epipusat epicentre

eram brood; sit on eggs to hatch them; incubate mengerami: to sit on eggs to hatch them pengeraman: incubation

engkau you; your erang a groan or moan engkol

mengerang: to groan or moan erangan: a moan or groan

crank of a machine

engsel hinge

erat

75

tight; firm mengeratkan: to tighten; to strengthen

faharasat index to a book

fajar

Eropah

dawn

Europe; of European origin

fakir

erti

religious beggar

meaning bererti: having a meaning dimengerti: understood mengerti: to understand pengertian: understanding seerti: synonym

falak universe; astronomy

falsafah philosophy

esa sole; only one fana

ephemeral; short-lived

esak sob faraj

vagina

esok tomorrow keesokan: the next day

fardu duty; obligation

faedah benefit; interest (on money) berfaedah: beneficial; useful

fasal (1)clause in a treaty, law or contract (2)about

faham understand fahaman: understanding; comprehension; doctrine berfahaman: school of thought kefahaman: understanding memahami: to understand pemahaman: understanding persefahaman: mutual understanding sefahaman: sharing the same view

fasih fluent; eloquent kefasihan: fluency

Februari February

76

foya

fikah

revel; enjoy oneself

law based on Muslim theology

berfoya-foya: to relax; to enjoy oneself fikir think fikiran: opinion; thought berfikir: to think berfikiran: having the ability to think and to form opinions memikirkan: to think over; to ponder pemikiran: thinking terfikir: remembered sefikiran: having the same opinion

furak difference; dissimilarity gabung join together; unite; combine gabungan: affiliation; combination; merger bergabung: to affiliate; united menggabungkan: to affiliate; to combine

gabus

Filipina

cork

of the Philippines

gada

firasah

club used for fighting

hunch; intuitive feeling; premonition

firasat clairvoyance

gada-gada pennant

gadai

Firaun

pawn; mortgage

Pharaoh

gadaian: a pledge bergadai: to mortgage; to pawn menggadaikan: to mortgage; to pawn menggadaikan nyawa: to sacrifice one's life tergadai: mortgaged; pawned

firdaus paradise; heaven

firman divine decree

gadang (1)colossal; immense (2)large round tray used for winnowing

fitnah libel; slander; defamation

gading ivory; tusk

memfitnah: to slander; to libel memfitnahkan: to slander; to libel gadis

77

girl; virgin kegadisan: virginity; purity gagau grope gado-gado (1) a Malay dish made from vegetables (2) mixed up; disorderly

menggagau: to grope

gahara of royal descent gaduh (1) quarrel (2) noise; uproar bergaduh: to quarrel pergaduhan: a quarrel

gagah gallant; brave; strong; mighty

gaharu sandalwood

gait hook; connection

kegagahan: strength; might; bravery menggagahi: to force; to compel; to conquer

gagak crow

gagal failed; unsuccessful

gaitan: hook; connection penggait: hook; connection

gajah elephant

gaji salary; wages

kegagalan: failure menggagalkan: to fail (another person)

gagang handle; cradle (of telephone); stem

gagap stammer; stutter

bergaji: salaried menggaji: to employ

gajus cashew nut

gak caw (e.g. of a rook)

tergagap: stammering gala a type of resin

gagas to have an idea gagasan: idea; plan

galah

78

pole bergalah: using a pole sepenggalah: a pole's length

gamang suffering from acrophobia (fear of heights)

galak encourage

gamat noisy; unruly; chaotic

galakan: encouragement menggalakkan: to encourage penggalak: one who encourages

gambang xylophone galang obstruct gambar picture; photograph; drawing; illustration galas

gambar rajah: diagram gambaran: impression bergambar: illustrated; to be photographed menggambarkan: to illustrate; to depict; to imagine tergambar: depicted; reflected

carry on the back menggalas: to carry on a pole over the shoulder; to vend

gali dig

gambus an Arab musical instrument with six strings

menggali: to dig galian: mineral penggalian: act of digging; excavation gambut

peat; soft and loose (of soil) galur furrow; groove manggalurkan: to explain

gamak estimate menggamak: to estimate tergamak: willing; able

gamam nervous; stunned

gamelan Javanese orchestra

gamit beckon menggamit: to beckon

gampang easy

tergamam: nervous; stunned

79

ganas ferocious; fierce; savage; violent

gandung bamboo or wooden outrigger on the sides of a Malay boat

keganasan: savagery; ferocity; violence mengganas: to terrorise; to rampage pengganas: terrorist

gancu long hooked stick

ganda

menggandung: to load things onto a boat using bamboo or wooden outriggers

ganggang dry over a fire

ganggu double

to bother; to trouble; to disturb; to disrupt

berganda: doubled berganda-ganda: many times more menggandakan: to double gandaan: multiple of a number

mengganggu: to bother; to trouble; to disturb; to disrupt gangguan: disturbance; disruption; inconvenience; interference mengganggu-gugat: to bother; to disturb terganggu: disturbed; mentally or emotionally unstable

gandar axle menggandar: to carry

gangsa bronze

gandik (1) gold ornament on bride's forehead (2) decoration on hilt of kris

gandin

ganja cannabis; hemp

ganjak mallet

move or budge slightly berganjak: to move or budge slightly menganjak: to shift

ganding alongside; close beside berganding: alongside bergandingan: alongside gandingan: coupling menggandingkan: to place beside

ganjal base; stand; wedge

ganjar reward; gratuity gandum wheat

ganjaran: reward; gratuity mengganjarkan: to reward

80

ganjil odd; queer; strange gapura arch gantang a cubic measure garam salt ganti

menggarami: to add salt

substitute berganti: in substitution for berganti-ganti: taking turns mengganti: to replace; to compensate menggantikan: to replace; to substitute pengganti: replacement gantirugi: indemnity; compensation

gantung hang or suspend bergantung: to depend on bergantungan: hanging in great numbers menggantung: to hang; to suspend menggantungkan: to hang up pergantungan: dependence; support tergantung: hanging

garang fierce menggarang: to rage

garau hoarse (of voice)

gari handcuffs

garing crisp

ganyar tough (not tender) garis

line

ganyang chew up; devour; destroy

menggaris: to draw a line menggariskan: to draw a line penggaris: ruler garisan: line

mengganyang: to chew up; to devour; to destroy

gapah hurriedly; hastily

garit line; scratch menggarit: to scratch; to move; to stir

gapai stretch out the hand menggapai: to reach for; to clutch at

garpu fork

81

pergaulan: mingling (in society); association (with other people) garu (1)a rake (2)scratch gaung menggaru: to scratch tergaru-garu: scratching repeatedly

(1) deep ravine (2) echo bergaung: to echo

garuk hoarse, deep or husky (of voice)

gawal confused; mistaken

gasak (1) strike (2) eat gluttonously

gawang waving with both arms

menggasak: to strike; to eat gluttonously gaya gasal

style; manner odd gaya hidup: lifestyle bergaya: having style; stylish menggayakan: to show; to parade

gasang lecherous person gayat feeling dizzy looking down from a high place gasar fierce and rough gayung water dipper gasing a top gayut hang gatal

bergayut: to hang bergayutan: to hang in large numbers menggayutkan: to hang

(1) itchy (2) lewd (of person) gatal-gatal: itching all over

gebar

gaul

blanket

mix (in society); associate bergaul: to be together in a friendly way menggaul: to mix; to blend menggauli: to associate with; to mingle with

gebu soft; delicate in texture; fluffy

82

gecar

gegar (1) saliva (2) watery

jarring; jolting; shaking gegaran: jarring movement bergegar: to shake; to rumble menggegarkan: to shake

gedabir dewlap gegas

hurry

gedang huge; massive

bergegas-gegas: to hurry

gedempol fat

gegat

gedempong very fat

gegua

gedoboh big and loose

gejala

gedung storehouse; office; large building

worm that lives in books

cavern

symptom or sign

gejolak big flame bergejolak: to flare up

gegabah wildly impulsive (person) gelabir dewlap; wattle gegak noisy gegak-gempita: noisy; clamorous

gegancu sprocket

geladak (1) deck of ship (2) stray dog (3) crook; criminal

gelagat indication; habits

gegap noisy

83

gelak laugh gelak ketawa: laughter tergelak: laugh unintentionally

gelebat double blade paddle

gelambir dewlap

gelecah

gelang

gelecek

bangle

slip

slip; lose one's balance

gelang-gelang: ring-shaped objects pergelangan tangan: wrist geledah search; ransack gelanggang arena; court

gelangsar slide; glide; slip

gelap dark; secret gelap hati: sinister gelap pekat: dark gelap-gelita: pitch dark kegelapan: darkness; caught in the dark menggelapkan: to embezzle

menggeledah: to search; to ransack

geledak cur

geledang stretch out both arms

geleding warp

gelegak boil; seethe

gelar nickname

menggelegak: to boil; to seethe

gelaran: alias; title bergelar: titled gelegar girder gelatuk tremble gelegata a skin condition; urticaria gelebar flapping

84

gelek (1) a kind of dance (2) roll over menggelek: to roll over

gelepai dangling

gelekak peel off

gelepar flounder; flutter menggelepar: to flounder; to flutter

gelekek chuckle gelepik dangling; hanging down limply gelema phlegm gelepur leaping up flapping its wings geleman scared; afraid gelesek rub gelembung bubble gelembung-gelembungan: bubbles

geleser flap the wings; start turning (of wheels)

gelempang sprawling

geletar tremble; shiver

bergelempang: sprawling

menggeletar: to tremble; to shiver gelendong spindle

geletek tickle; incite menggeletek: to tickle

geleng shake the head menggeleng: to shake menggelengkan: to shake

gelentang roll over and over

geletuk making a sound like the teeth chattering

geli amused; ticklish

85

geli-geman: tickled geli hati: amused; tickled kegelian: amusement menggelikan: to amuse; to tickle penggeli: one who is ticklish

gelinjang jump about menggelinjang: to jump about

geliang-geliut wriggling gelintar search all over geliat stretch oneself menggeliat: to stretch oneself tergeliat: sprained

gelintir pellet; pill segelintir: a small part; a small group

geliga (1) sharp-witted; ingenious (2) bezoar

gelisah nervous; restless; anxious; jumpy

bergeliga: sharp-witted; ingenious

kegelisahan: restlessness; anxiety menggelisah: to worry; to be anxious gelimpang sprawl bergelimpangan: to sprawl tergelimpang: sprawled

gelimun covered (with blanket)

gelobor too long or baggy (for clothes)

gelodak arouse

gelodar

gelincat

struggle

sprained; rebound

gelojak

gelincir

big flame

derail; slip; skid menggelincir: to slip; to skid tergelincir: slipped; skidded

gelojoh greedy

gelincuh stumble

gelombang

86

wave

gelung bight; loop of rope; coil; knot of hair

bergelombang: in waves

bergelung: coiled up menggelungkan: to coil gelongsor slide menggelongsor: to slide

gelupas peel menggelupas: to peel

gelora storm; great wave bergelora: to rise or move like waves; stormy menggelorakan: to inflame; to arouse emotionally

gelosok rub

gelupur flutter menggelupur: to flutter

gelut struggle; wrestle

menggelosok: to rub

bergelut: to struggle to get free pergelutan: struggle; scuffle

gelugut shiver; chatter (of teeth)

gema echo bergema: to resound menggema: to resound

geluh loam; rich soil gemal gelulur

a handful; a bunch slide down

gemala gelumang dirty

bezoar stone

bergelumang: dirty gemalai swaying geluncur slip or slide down menggeluncur: to slip or slide down

gemam to hold (sweet) in mouth

87

gemap shocked gembur loose gemar

menggemburkan: to loosen

have a liking; desire kegemaran: hobby; favourite menggemari: to like very much penggemar: lover; fan; devotee; interested person

gementar tremble

gemawan fleeting of clouds

gemercik splattering sound

gembala shepherd

gemerencang loud clash (e.g. of cymbals)

penggembala: herdsman gemerlap iridescent; shining; glittering; shimmering gembereng cymbal

gembira happy; pleased; cheerful

bergemerlapan: to glitter gemerlapan: shining; glittering

gemilang glorious; magnificient; brilliant

bergembira: to rejoice menggembirakan: to cheer someone up

gembar-gembur mere talk; bragging; pandemonium

kegemilangan: splendour; magnificance; glory

gempa tremor; earthquake

menggembar-gemburkan: to create an uproar gempal sturdy; chubby; plump gembleng unite menggembleng tenaga: to unite penggemblengan: unification

gempar pandemonium; uproar menggemparkan: to shock tergempar: urgent

gembung swollen

88

obstacle; disruption

gempita noisy

menggendalakan: to disrupt; to interrupt tergendala: disrupted; interrupted

gempur attack in a blitz

gendak mistress

menggempur: to attack; to storm penggempur: destroyer; assault troops penggempuran: an attack; an assault

gendang drum gemuk fat menggemukkan: to fatten up

gemuruh thunder

genderang big drum

genggam grasp in the fist

bergemuruh: to thunder; thunderous genggaman: a grasp menggenggam: to grasp in the fist menggenggam erat: to grasp firmly segenggam: a fistful; a handful

genahar crater

genggang apart

genang suffuse bergenang: stagnant; filled with tears

genit cute and petite genap complete; even genjang (1 )parallelogram (2) askew; awry

menggenapkan: to round up a figure segenap: all genjot

askew; awry

gencat cease; stop; discontinue gencatan senjata: ceasefire genjur

stiff gendala

89

genta

padlock large bell gera

gentar

alarm; scare; frighten (1) vibration (2) afraid menggera: to scare; to frighten; to alarm; to give a warning signal penggera: one who causes a fright; an alarm penggera kebakaran: fire alarm

menggentar: to quiver menggentarkan: to cause to vibrate

gentas (1) severed (2) end or finish

gerabak railway coach

dented

geragai

gentat hook for catching crocodiles gentel pellet

geragas comb one's hair in anger

menggentel: to roll in the fingertips geragau a small shrimp

gentian fibre

geraham molar

genting (1) crucial; decisive (2) pass or gap in mountains (3) roof tile genting bukit: mountain pass kegentingan: crucial

genyeh rub menggenyeh: to rub

gepok bundle

gerai stall

gerak move gerak hati: intuition gerak laku: behaviour gerak-geri: movements gerakan: action; movement bergerak: to move menggerakkan: to cause to move penggerak: motivator tergerak: shifted; moved suddenly

gepuh

90

geram angry menggeram: to growl

gerangan perhaps

gerhana eclipse

geriak swarm

gerantang din of voices; outburst of noise

gericau screeching sound

gerat causing teeth to chatter

geridip glitter; sparkle

gerbang gateway

gerigi serrated

gerecak sound like water boiling

gerigis unevenly serrated

gereja church

gerimis drizzle

gerek perforated

gerimit a drill

gerenyam lustful

gering sick (for king)

gergaji saw

gerinjam (1) grindstone for teeth (2) ear scoop

menggergaji: to saw gerlap sparkle

gergasi giant

menggerlap: to sparkle; to glitter

91

gersang dry; uninteresting; dull gerlip twinkle menggerlip: to twinkle; to flicker

gertak threat gertakan: intimidation; threat menggertak: to threaten

germut swarm gerudi a drill gerenyut squirm; throb

gerobak coach or cart

menggerudi: to drill penggerudian: act of drilling

gerugut grooved

gerobok cupboard

geruh misfortune

gerodak rattling sound

geruk to wrap

geromboi group together

gerun frightened; terrified

bergeromboi: to group together geromboian: group or gang

gerombong group or party

menggerunkan: to terrify; terrifying

gerutu rough to the touch menggerutu: rough to the touch

geronggang hollow gesa hurry geronyot throbbing

tergesa-gesa: hurried gesaan: urge menggesa: to hasten; to urge

92

getil pinch gesek

menggetil: to pinch grate or scrape bergesek: to grate; to scrape gesekan: a fiddle menggesek: to play the violin

gesel rub

getir bitter

ghaib disappear; vanish; mysterious

bergesel: to rub each other geselan: a rub menggeselkan: to rub tergesel: rubbed against

mengghaibkan: to cause to vanish

ghairah strong desire or passion geser

keghairahan: strong passion, desire or enthusiasm mengghairahkan: to arouse passion or desire

rub; shift bergeser: to rub; to shift geseran: friction ghalib

usual

getah rubber bergetah: sticky; having latex

giat energetic; active bergiat: working eagerly kegiatan: activity menggiatkan: to activate; to inspire; to encourage mempergiatkan: to activate; to inspire; to encourage

getap grit menggetap: to grit

getar tremble; vibrate

gigi tooth

getaran: vibration bergetar: to tremble; quivering menggetarkan: to cause to vibrate

gigi air: edge of water meeting land gigi kacip: incisor gigi rongak: gap between teeth bergigi: toothed

getas brittle; sensitive gigih

93

determined; obstinate

grind; roll

kegigihan: determination

menggiling: to grind; to roll

gigil

gilir tremble or shiver

take turns

menggigil: to tremble; to shiver

bergilir: to take turns giliran: a turn bergilir-gilir: to take turns

gigit bite gilis gigitan: act of biting; a bite menggigit: to bite tergigit: bitten accidentally

run over by a train

gincu lipstick gila mad; insane gila angau: infatuated gila bayang: crazy about someone gila pangkat: crazy for power kegilaan: craziness; craze menggila: act like a mad person; infatuated with or crazy over someone tergila-gila: mad; crazy tergila-gilakan: driven crazy by someone or something

bergincu: wearing lipstick menggincu: to apply lipstick

ginjal kidney

girang glad; cheerful kegirangan: happiness; joy menggirangkan: to cheer up someone

gilang-gemilang bright; glittering

giring

gilap

to herd

shine brilliantly menggilap: to polish glur

voluptuous gilas crush; run over gobek tool for crushing betel leaf, areca nut, etc giling

mengobek: to grind or pound areca nut

94

golongan: group tergolong: relevant

gocoh haste; hurry tergocoh-gocoh: hastily; hurriedly gomol

wrestle goda

bergomol: to wrestle menggomol: to hug or embrace tightly

temptation godaan: temptation; lure; enticement menggoda: to tempt; to lure; enticing penggoda: seducer tergoda: seduced; enticed

goncang shake bergoncang: to shake menggoncangkan: to shake something

godam large mace gondok

(1)short and fat (2)goitre

godok base of skull gondol

(1)bald; leafless (2)carry off; win

gogok a gulp

bergondol: bald; leafless menggondol: to carry off; to win; to gain

golak disturbed or confused bergolak: to boil; disturbed or confused pergolakan: disturbance; agitation; turbulence

golek roll

gonggong carry in the mouth menggonggong: to carry in the mouth

gonyeh munch

bergolek: to roll gonyoh scrub

golok machete

golong classify menggolongkan: to classify

menggonyoh: to scrub

gopoh-gapah hastily tergopoh-gapah: in a hurry

95

disagree; dispute goreng fry; fried

guam disagree; conflict; dispute

menggoreng: to fry guaman: disagreement; conflict; quarrel perguaman: disagreement; conflict; quarrel peguam: lawyer Peguam Negara: Attorney-General

gores scratch goresan: scratches bergores: scratched menggores: to scratch menggoreskan: to scratch something tergores: scratched

gubah arrange; compose menggubah: to arrange; to compose gubahan: (1) composition (2) garland penggubah: composer

gosok brush; rub; polish gubal gosokan: something that has been ironed menggosok: to brush; to rub; to polish menggosokkan: to rub something penggosok: a cleaner; an iron; a brush

gotong-royong cooperation

draft (legislation) menggubal: to draft (legislation) penggubal: legislator penggubalan: act of drafting; legislation

gubuk hut

bergotong-royong: to cooperate gudang goyah

godown; warehouse loose (not firm) gugat

goyang

accuse; claim; criticise unsteady; shaky menggugat: to accuse; to claim; to criticise tergugat: threatened; jeopardised; to be at stake

bergoyang: to shake; to sway menggoyangkan: to rock or jerk lightly gugup gua

panicky cave kegugupan: state of panic

guam

96

gugur

gumpal drop; miscarry; abort

clod; lump

berguguran: dropping in large numbers keguguran: miscarriage; abortion menggugurkan: to abort; to drop

gumpalan: a clod; a lump of; conglomeration bergumpal: lumpy bergumpal-gumpal: in clods or lumps; in clots

gugus

guna bundle or bunch

use; purpose

segugus: a bundle or bunch of gugusan: group

guna tenaga: employment guna-guna: charms berguna: useful kegunaan: use; function menggunakan: to use; to consume pengguna: consumer; user

gula sugar gula-gula: sweets gundah

depressed gulai curry gundik concubine guli marble guni jute bag or sack guling roll gunting berguling: to roll bergulingan: rolling over and over menggulingkan: to roll something; to topple; to overthrow terguling: overthrown; toppled

scissors; shears menggunting: to cut with scissors or shears mengguntingkan: to cut something

guntur gulung

thunder roll gulungan: a roll bergulung: rolled up; rolling; winding menggulung: to roll menggulung perbahasan: to conclude the debate menggulung ucapan: to conclude the speech

gunung mountain gunung berapi: volcano gunung-ganang: mountains menggunung: to soar like a mountain pergunungan: highlands; mountainous

97

wrestle bergusti: to wrestle gurau joke

haba heat

gurauan: the butt of a joke bergurau: to joke habis finished; completed; done gurindam a proverbial verse

berhabis: to squander berhabis-habisan: to the best of one's ability and effort kehabisan: exhausted; depleted penghabisan: conclusion; last sehabis: immediately after

guru teacher berguru: having a teacher perguruan: institute; education

hablur crystal berhablur: to become crystallised menghablur: to crystallise terhablur: in a crystallised state

guruh thunder guruh-gemuruh: thunderous habuan

share (e.g. of prize)

gurun desert habuk

dust

gus simultaneously

berhabuk: dusty

sekaligus: simultaneously had limit

gusar angry; worried

berhad: limited mengehadkan: to limit terhad: limited

menggusarkan: to anger; to cause worry

gusi gum (dental)

gusti

hadam digest menghadamkan: to digest penghadaman: digestion

98

haiwan animal hadap front; direction berhadap-hadapan: face-to-face hadapan: forward part; in front berhadapan: to face menghadap: to have an audience with the king menghadapi: to face; to meet menghadapkan: to cause to meet or face terhadap: about; toward

hajah a Muslim woman who has fulfilled the pilgrimage to Mecca

hajat purpose; intention; desire berhajat: to have the intention berhajatkan: to wish for menghajati: to wish for

hadas ritual impurity

haji

hadiah

a Muslim man who has fulfilled the pilgrimage to Mecca

present; gift; prize menghadiahkan: to present a gift hak

right; entitlement

hadir to be present

hak cipta: copyright hak milik: proprietary rights berhak: having the right; to be entitled

kehadiran: attendance; presence menghadiri: to attend menghadirkan diri: to be present hadirin: those present hakikat

truth; reality hafaz memorise menghafaz: to memorise

haid menstruation

hakiki true; real

hakim judge kehakiman: judicial menghakimi: to judge menghakimkan: to judge penghakiman: judgement

hairan astonished; amazed; surprised kehairanan: amazement; astonishment menghairankan: to astonish; to amaze hakis

99

erode

halia ginger

menghakis: to erode hakisan: erosion halilintar thunder hal matter; situation hal-ehwal: affairs menghalkan: to talk about

hala direction

halimunan invisible

halkum larynx; Adam's apple

menghala: in the direction of menghalakan: to aim at haloba greed; greedy halaju velocity haluan (1) bow of boat (2) direction; course halal

berhaluan: to follow a course sehaluan: following the same course

rightful; permissible; legitimate menghalalkan: permit; allow halus

fine; soft; gentle; refined

halaman (1) compound (2) page

halus-halus: finely menghalusi: to find out in detail; to treat gently memperhalusi: to find out in detail; to treat gently

halang block; obstruct; hinder menghalang: to block; to obstruct; to hinder halangan: obstacle penghalang: obstacle; hindrance

halwa fruits preserved in syrup

hama

> halau

germ chase or drive away menghalau: to chase or drive away

hamba slave

100

memperhamba: to enslave; to treat as a slave perhambaan: enslavement hampar spread out (a carpet) hambar tasteless; insipid

menghampar: to spread out (a carpet) hamparan: carpet; mat menghampari: to cover menghamparkan: to spread out (like a carpet)

hambat pursue or chase menghambat: to pursue or chase

hampas dregs hampas kelapa: coconut dregs; coconut husk

hambur scattered berhamburan: scattered menghamburi: to fill up menghamburkan: to scatter

hampir near; close; almost hampir-hampir: nearly; almost berhampiran: to be near; near by menghampiri: to approach menghampirkan: to bring close to

hambus go away berhambus: to go away hamput

scold menghamput: to scold

hamil pregnant kehamilan: pregnancy hamun

chide; scold; abuse menghamun: to scold; to berate

hamis stink hancing

stinking; foul-smelling

hampa devoid; lacking; disappointed; frustrated hampa beras: husk hampa hati: frustrated; disappointed kehampaan: disappointment; frustration menghampakan: to frustrate; to disappoint

hampagas vacuum

hancur destroy; dissolve; shatter hancur luluh: destroy (of marriage, friendship); devastated kehancuran: destruction; ruin menghancurkan: to destroy; to shatter

101

bump or knock into berhantuk: to bump or knock into menghantukkan: to knock terhantuk: to knock or collide accidentally hantukan: bumping or knocking sound

handai friend; associate

handal reliable; strong; clever

hanya only

kehandalan: cleverness

hangat

hanya satu: except one; only one

hot

hanyir

having a burning smell

hanyut

hangit

stinking; fishy

drift; wander; carried away by a current berhanyut-hanyut: to drift menghanyutkan: to cause to drift away

hangus burnt; scorched

hanyutan drifting movement

hantam (1) hit or punch (2) finish all at once menghantam: to beat violently

hapak musty; stale-smelling

hantar send; pass (a ball)

hapus vanish; disappear

hantaran: dowry; something that is sent menghantarkan: to send off; to bring; to escort penghantar: sender; deliverer penghantaran: delivery

menghapuskan: to wipe out; to abolish; to eradicate penghapusan: abolition; eradication terhapus: eradicated; abolished

hantu ghost; phantom; spectre berhantu: haunted menghantui: to haunt

harafiah literal

haram hantuk

unlawful; forbidden; illicit

102

mengharamkan: to forbid; to ban pengharaman: banning harum fragrant harap hope

haruman: fragrance; perfume mengharum: fragrant mengharumi: to make fragrant mengharumkan: to make fragrant; to make famous

harapan: hope; expectation pengharapan: hope; expectation berharap: to hope; to wish berharapkan: to hope for mengharap: to hope; to wish; to expect mengharapkan: to hope for; to wish for harung

wade harga

mengharungi: to wade price; value berharga: valuable menghargai: to appreciate penghargaan: honour; appreciation

harus necessary; inevitable; must; fitting mengharuskan: to compel; to permit seharusnya: necessarily; inevitably; actually

hari day haribulan: date harian: daily berhari-hari: day after day sehari: one day sehari-hari: every day sehari-harian: all day long

hasad jealous; envious; malevolent

hasil product; result hasil bumi: natural resources hasil jualan: sales returns hasil negeri: state revenue hasil pertanian: agricultural products berhasil: successful; fruitful menghasilkan: produce

harimau tiger

harta property harta tanah: real estate hartawan: wealthy person; magnate berharta: having property; wealthy

hasrat desire; ambition; object of desire berhasrat: to have a desire

haru-biru uproar; chaos mengharukan: to plague terharu: upset; grieved

hasta length from elbow to tip of middle finger

103

hasut instigate menghasut: to instigate hasutan: instigation penghasut: instigator

heboh noisy menghebohkan: to cause an uproar; to publicise

hati (1) liver (2) heart (in emotional sense) hegeh berhati binatang: cruel berhati-hati: cautious memperhatikan: to pay attention pemerhati: observer perhatian: attention sehati sejiwa: one heart and soul (togetherness)

flaunting; swagger

hela drag or haul menghela: to drag or haul

haus (1) thirsty (2) worn out kehausan: (1) thirst (2) abraded menghauskan: to cause thirst; to yearn for

helah contrivance; trick; excuse

helai

hawa

piece

atmosphere; air; climate

helang

hayat

eagle

life menghayati: to appreciate; to experience penghayatan: appreciation

hemah manners

hebah announce; broadcast

hemat frugal; careful and economical

juruhebah: announcer; broadcaster penghebah: announcer; broadcaster menghebahkan: to announce; to broadcast penghebahan: announcement

berhemat: to be careful; to be thrifty menghematkan: to economise

hembus

hebat grand; great kehebatan: power; awe memperhebatkan: to intensify

blow; exhale hembusan: a puff; a gust of wind; exhalation menghembus: to blow; to exhale menghembuskan: to blow out

104

hentak stamp (of feet) menghentak: to stamp (of feet) hentakan: stamping of the feet menghentakkan: to stamp (of feet)

hempap crushed menghempap: to crush by falling on top of menghempapkan: to cause something heavy to fall on hentam

bash; strike; batter; beat menghentam: to bash; to strike; to batter; to beat hentam keromo: to finish all at once

hempas slam; throw; lash menghempas: to slam; to throw; to lash berhempas pulas: to work very hard terhempas: thrown; tossed henti

stop berhenti: to stop memberhentikan: to cause to stop menghentikan: to cause to stop pemberhentian: stoppage perhentian: a place for stopping terhenti: stopped

hempedal gizzard

hempedu bile henyak

stamp

hendak want; desire; need; wish berkehendak: to wish for berkehendakkan: to want; to require kehendak: a wish menghendaki: to require; to ask for sekehendak hati: according to one's wish

menghenyak: to stamp menghenyakkan: to throw oneself upon terhenyak: sit down suddenly

herdik scold; find fault herdikan: scolding mengherdik: to scold

hendap lurk; latent; spy menghendap: to spy; to lurk terhendap-hendap: to lurk; to be latent

heret drag mengheret: to drag

hening calm; clear; pure keheningan: quietness; clearness

herot crooked

105

hias

hidung adorn; make-up; decorate

nose

menghias: to decorate menghiasi: to decorate menghiaskan: to decorate perhiasan: decoration; adornment

hidung tinggi: snobbish

hidup live; alive; life hiba

hidup-hidup: alive hidupan: living things kehidupan: life menghidupkan: to start; to switch on penghidupan: livelihood

sorrow; longing berhiba hati: sorrowful menghibakan: to arouse feelings of sorrow

hibur

hijau entertain; amuse

(1) green (2) immature

menghibur: to entertain; to amuse; to cheer up hiburan: entertainment; amusement menghiburkan: entertaining penghibur: entertainer terhibur: entertained

kehijauan: greenish; greenery menghijau: to appear to be green; to become green

hijrah (1) Muslim era (2) migrate hidang serve; present (food)

berhijrah: to migrate penghijrahan: migration

menghidangkan: to serve; to present (food) hidangan: a dish of food hikayat story; history hidap suffer from (an illness) menghidap: to suffer from (an illness) menghidapi: to suffer from (an illness)

hidayat guidance

hikmat wisdom; magical powers

hilang lost; lose kehilangan: loss; disappearance menghilang: to disappear menghilangkan: to cause to disappear

hidu smell menghidu: to smell

106

hilir downstream hilir-mudik: up and down menghilir: to go downstream

himpit squeeze or crush himpitan: act of squeezing or crushing; crowd berhimpitan: pushing; pressing; squeezing; crushing menghimpit: to squeeze or crush; to press terhimpit: squeezed; crushed; pressed

hingus mucus from nose

hingga till; until

hinggap perch menghinggapi: to perch on; to attack (by illness)

himpun assemble; collect berhimpun: to assemble; to gather himpunan: accumulation; collection menghimpunkan: to assemble; to collect perhimpunan: assembly; gathering

hinggut shake; sway

hirau pay attention to; feel concern for hina

menghiraukan: to pay attention to

low-down; contemptible; dishonourable; mean menghinakan: to insult penghinaan: humiliation; insult terhina: scorned

hiris slice; subdivide hirisan: a slice menghiris: to slice terhiris: be offended; be hurt; be touched emotionally

hincut lame terhincut-hincut: limping

hiruk-pikuk clamour; uproar

hindar avoid menghindar: to avoid; to pull to the side menghindari: to avoid; to evade menghindarkan: to avoid terhindar: averted

hingar-bingar noisy

hirup sip; suck menghirup: to sip; to suck

hisab

107

calculate

communicate

ilmu hisab: arithmetic

hubungan: connection; ties; link; sexual affair berhubung: regarding; in respect of berhubungan: having regards to menghubungkaitkan: to interrelate menghubungi: to contact menghubungkan: to connect perhubungan: connection; relationship

hisap suck menghisap: to suck; to smoke penghisap: smoker; sucker; drinking-straw hisapan: suction hujah

argument; debate; quarrel berhujah: to wrangle; to contend; to argue menghujahkan: to contend

hitam black kehitaman: very black menghitamkan: to blacken hujan

rain hujan rintik-rintik: drizzle berhujan: to expose oneself to the rain kehujanan: caught in the rain menghujani: to rain upon

hitung count; enumerate; consider berhitung: to count menghitung: to count memperhitungkan: to take into consideration perhitungan: consideration hujung

end; edge hujung minggu: weekend hujung tahun: end of the year penghujung: conclusion; ending

hodoh ugly

honar chaos; deceit; fraud

hukum law hukuman: punishment; penalty; sentence hukuman maut: death sentence hukuman penjara: jail sentence menghukum: to sentence for punishment

hormat respect berhormat: respected kehormat: honourable kehormatan: honour menghormati: to respect penghormatan: honour; respect terhormat: respected

hubung

hulu (1) butt; handle (of tool or weapon) (2) upstream

hulubalang commander; warlord

108

uproar; chaos menghuru-harakan: to create chaos hulur stretch menghulur: to stretch menghulurkan: to stretch; to release

huruf letter of alphabet huruf besar: capital letter huruf kecil: small (lower case) letter

huma dry field hurung cancel humban fling; throw; hurl menghumban: to fling; to hurl; to throw

hutan forest perhutanan: forestry

huni inhabit berhuni: inhabited berpenghuni: inhabited menghuni: to inhabit penghuni: inhabitant; dweller

hutang debt hutang lapuk: bad debt hutang-piutang: all kinds of debts berhutang: to owe

hunjam bore vertically; dive; plunge down huyung stagger terhuyung-hayang: to stagger

hunus unsheathe

ia it; he; she

menghunus: to unsheathe

beria-ia: truly; really mengiakan: to assent to seia sekata: agreeable

hurai expound; elaborate; untie huraian: elaboration; explanation; description menghuraikan: to untie; to separate; to settle; to decide

huru-hara

iaitu namely; that is to say

ialah is; are

109

display the feathers mengigal: to display the feathers iau mew (cat's cry) mengiau: to mew

igau sleep-talk; nightmare mengigau: to talk in the sleep; to have a nightmare igauan: incubus (nightmare); burdensome person or thing

ibadat pious duties; worship

ibarat example; parable

ihsan good deed

mengibaratkan: to liken to ijab answer to a prayer; tender for goods

iblis dickens; deuce; Devil (in exclamation)

Ibrani

ijab kabul: formalisation of matrimony

Hebrew

ijazah

mother

ijtihad

ibu ayam: pimp ibu jari: thumb ibu kota: capital city ibu negara: national capital ibu mentua: mother-in-law ibu sawat telefon: telephone exchange keibuan: motherly

ijuk

ibu

degree (academic)

study

black fibre of enau palm

ikal curly idam crave; longing for idaman: desire; craving; longing mengidam: to crave; to long for mengidamkan: to crave for

ikal mayang: long curly hair

ikan fish perikanan: fisheries

igal

110

ikat tie; bind; bunch; bundle ikat jamin: bail ikatan: string; union; band; ties; restriction ikatan kasih: love ties ikatan keluarga: family ties ikatan perkahwinan: matrimonial ties mengikat: to tie; to bind; obligatory pengikat: fastener perikatan: alliance; union; confederation

ikhlas candid; unsophisticated; sincere; frank

ikrab (1) inflexion (changing of the form of a word grammatically) (2) intimate

ikrar promise; pledge berikrar: to promise; to pledge mengikrarkan: to promise

iktibar example; teaching

keikhlasan: honesty; sincerity iktikad faith

ikhtiar endeavour; attempt; effort

beriktikad: having the intention

berikhtiar: to endeavour mengikhtiarkan: to devise; to plan iktiraf recognise; acknowledge; accept ikhtisar

mengiktiraf: to recognise; to acknowledge; to accept pengiktirafan: recognition; acknowledgement; acceptance

compendium; summary; digest

ikhtisas professional iktisad economy ikhwan brothers ikut follow iklan

mengikut: to follow ikut angin: moody; temperamental ikut serta: participate ikut-ikutan: follow blindly; trend berikut: next; following berikutan: following that mengikuti: to shadow; to follow pengikut: follower terikut-ikut: imitating

advertisement mengiklankan: to advertise; to publicise pengiklanan: advertising periklanan: advertising

iklim climate ilai

111

laugh loudly; scream mengilai: to laugh loudly; to scream imbuh augment; increase; supplement; extra ilham

imbuhan: affix; addition; augmentation inspiration; sudden brilliant idea mengilhamkan: to inspire; to instil an idea into imla dictate (words)

ilmiah erudite; learned; scholarly impi dream; have visions ilmiawan scholar

impian: a dream

imsak ilmu

the time of commencement of fast knowledge; learning berilmu: learned inai henna

imam

berinai: to have henna applied Muslim spiritual leader who leads the congregation in prayer inang nursery maid

iman piety inap lodge; reside imbang balance seimbang: equal; balanced berimbang: balanced; equal; matched; to balance keseimbangan: equilibrium imbangan: balance (noun)

imbas glimpse

menginap: to lodge; to reside penginapan: lodging

incar gimlet (a tool for boring)

inci inch

imbasan: a glimpse mengimbas: to glimpse

112

incut

English lame; crippled ingin

indah

agog; eager; desirous; want; wish beautiful keinginan: desire; want; wish menginginkan: to wish for; to desire; to yearn for teringin: craving

keindahan: beauty mengindahkan: to beautify

India of India or Indians

ingkar disobedient mengingkari: to break a pledge; to disobey

indik trample ingus mucus from the nose inding

beringus: having a runny nose

covet; desire eagerly

ini

induk

this

mother (animal)

inframerah infra-red

injak pedal menginjak: to step on; to trample

ingat remember; memorise; recall ingat-ingat: be cautious; remember ingatan: memory; recollection; remembrance beringat-ingat: to be careful; to be aware mengingat: to remember; to think mengingatkan: to remind; reminiscent mengingati: to remember; to recall memperingati: to commemorate peringatan: reminder; warning seingat: as far as can be remembered teringat: being reminded teringat-ingat: recalling repeatedly; picturing in the mind

Injil Bible

insaf disabuse; realisation; repentance keinsafan: realisation menginsafi: to realise; to repent

insan mankind Inggeris

113

(1) catty; spiteful (2) jealousy

insang gill (of fish)

intai peep

iri hati: jealous; envious

iring escort; accompany

mengintai: to peep; to spy

iringan: accompaniment beriringan: walking together; followed by mengiringi: to escort; to accompany pengiring: an escort; entourage seiring: side-by-side

intan diamond

iris

intim

slice or thin broad piece

intimate

isak

intip peek; peep; glance

sob

mengintip: to spy on pengintip: a spy; a secret agent pengintipan: act of spying

terisak-isak: sobbing

isi contents intisari

isi hati: feelings isi padu: volume berisi: to contain mengisi: to fill up; to occupy mengisikan: to fill perisian: programming

kernel; central or important part

ipar brother- or sister-in-law ipar duai: in-laws isirung

kernel irama rhythm berirama: rhythmic

Islam

alike

Isnin

iras

iri

of the Muslim religion

Monday

istana

114

palace

announce perisytiharan: declaration; proclamation

isteri wife

itik duck

isteri muda: second wife isteri tua: first wife beristeri: to be married (of a man) memperisteri: to take a wife memperisterikan: to give in marriage

istiadat ceremony; ceremonial

itu that

izin permission; consent; authorisation keizinan: permission mengizinkan: to permit; to consent

istilah term (word or phrase); terminology

jaat a kind of bean

peristilahan: terminological jabal istimewa special; extraordinary keistimewaan: specialty; peculiarity teristimewa: most special

(1) mountain (2) rob

jabang baby

istirehat rest; relax; interval

jabar almighty (for God)

isyak evening prayer (of Muslims)

jabarut sphere attained by the mystic

isyarat cue or signal mengisyaratkan: to signal

isytihar declare; proclaim; announce

jabat shake hands (in greeting) sejabat: colleague jabatan: department berjabat: to shake hands (in greeting) menjabat: to occupy a post pejabat: office

mengisytiharkan: to declare; to proclaim; to

115

jabel

make; happen; become; be born nab jadi-jadian: apparition menjadi: to become menjadikan: to make; to cause; to create kejadian: incident; happening terjadi: happened jadi-nya: so; therefore jadilah: thus

jabhati determination

jabil sac; pouch; small cloth purse

jadual programme; schedule; list; table menjadualkan: to schedule penjadualan: scheduling

jabing prominent or large (of ears)

jae

jabu

ginger

billowy (of dust, smoke, etc)

jaga

jabun

be awake; be alert; guard; take care of

billowy (of dense foliage)

jagaan: custody; care; charge; supervision berjaga: to guard berjaga-jaga: to be on guard; to be careful; to be alert menjaga: to look after penjaga: watchman; guardian; caretaker penjagaan: care; supervision terjaga: woke up jagabaya: village-police

jabung glue; resin

jabur mixed up; psalm

jagal

jadah

(1 )deal in small wares (2) slaughter (as a butcher)

bastard

jagalan: small wares; merchandise jadam a kind of medicine jagang shore jadar a kind of plant jagat (1) world; universe (2) blackhead; blemish jadi

sejagat: worldwide; universal

116

jagoan

jahi fighting cock; champion; candidate

jaguh

ginger

jahid champion

jagung

ascetic

jahil maize; corn

ignorant; stupid; uneducated kejahilan: ignorance

jagur robust; burly jahim blazing (of hell) jah respect; honour jahit sew or stitch menjahit: to sew or stitch tukang jahit: tailor jahit-menjahit: needlework menjahitkan: to sew something

jahanam destroy; ruin; hell; scoundrel menjahanamkan: to wreck; to destroy; to ruin

Jahudi

jahang

Jew

(1) to abuse angrily (2) dark red

jail

jahar

(1) rod with noose of fibre (2) sneaky; nagging

aloud

jais

jaharu

unreceptive; inattentive

low-class scoundrel; pariah

jaiz

jahat

lawful or permitted (of Muslims)

bad; evil; immoral kejahatan: badness; wickedness penjahat: villain sejahat-jahat: however bad

jaja

117

hawk; peddle goods berjaja: to hawk; to peddle goods menjaja: to hawk; to peddle penjaja: hawker

jalan (1) road; street; way; route (2) walk berjalan: to walk berjalan-jalan: to take a walk menjalani: to undergo menjalankan: to perform; to carry out pejalan kaki: pedestrian perjalanan: journey

jajah colonise menjajah: to colonise jajahan: colony; district penjajah: coloniser; colonialist penjajahan: colonialism jalar

creep jajal

menjalar: to creep; to crawl try or attempt jalin

jajan

plait; braid buy sweets menjalin: to plait; to braid; to establish menjalinkan: to establish a relationship terjalin: woven; plaited; established

jajar parallel; on same level; row or line berjajar: in a row; next to each other sejajar: parallel; in line with; in alignment

jalur stripe; strip jaluran: stripe berjalur-jalur: striped

jajat mimic jam clock; watch; hour jaksa

berjam-jam: for hours

judicial officer; justice

jala fishing net jala-jala: hairnet menjala: to fish with cast net penjala: fisherman

Jamadilakhir sixth month of the Muslim calendar

Jamadilawal fifth month of the Muslim calendar

jalad executioner

jamah

118

touch; taste; eat in small amounts

incantation; magic spell

menjamah: to touch; to taste; to eat in small amounts jampuk owl jamak plural (in grammar) jamu (1) herbal medicine (2) feast jambak

jamuan: a feast; party; reception berjamu: to feast menjamu: to feast; to entertain

bunch of flowers; bouquet; compliment

jamban latrine; toilet; lavatory

jana life janakuasa: generator menjanakan: to generate penjana: generator penjanaan: generation of energy

jambang (1) sideburns (2) flowers arranged in a vase jambangan: flowers arranged in a vase janda

a widow

jambat bridge

janda berhias: childless widow menjanda: to be a widow

jambatan: bridge

jangan

jambu

don't

guava

jangan-jangan: maybe jangankan: let alone jambul crest; tuft on head; plume on helmet janggal awkward jamin

kejanggalan: awkwardness

guarantee; promise jaminan: a guarantee menjamin: to guarantee terjamin: guaranteed penjamin: guarantor

jampi

janggus a type of tree bearing edible fruit

janggut

119

beard berjanggut: bearded jantan male jangka

kejantanan: masculinity (1) a meter (measuring device) (2) expect; anticipate (3) period of time jangka angin: anemometer jangkamasa: duration of time jangka suhu: thermometer jangkahayat: life expectancy jangkaan: expectation; anticipation menjangka: to expect; to anticipate menjangkakan: to expect; to anticipate

jantina gender; sex

jantung heart jantung hati: sweetheart

jangkau reach out with the hand jangkauan: the reach of one's hand menjangkau: to reach out terjangkau: reached out

jarah pillage; plunder; rob

jarak distance

jangkit infectious berjangkit: infectious; infected menjangkitkan: infectious; communicable (of disease) jangkitan: infection menjangkiti: to infect

jangkung heron

berjarak: to be at a distance menjarakkan: to space out

jaram a compress or pad to stop bleeding, etc

jarang (1) seldom (2) transparent (of material) (3) thin (of hair) jarang-jarang: rarely; seldom

janin foetus jari

finger

janji promise janji temu: appointment berjanji: to promise menjanjikan: to promise perjanjian: agreement; contract

jaring net penjaring: scorer (of goal)

120

menjauhi: to stay away from; to shun sejauh: as far as jarum needle jauhari jarum peniti: pin

jasa

jeweller; expert

jawa merit; service

tamarind

jasa baik: good offices berjasa: to fulfil one's duty

asam jawa: tamarind

jawab jasad

answer; reply; respond body jawapan: an answer berjawab: answered menjawab: to answer; to reply

jasmani physical jasmaniah: physical

jawat colleague sejawat: colleague jawatan: post; appointment; job jawatankuasa: committee berjawatan: holding a post menjawat: to hold a post perjawatan: post; job

jata blazon

jati (1) pure; genuine (2) teakwood sejati: real; true (of friends)

Jawi

fall

jaya

jatuh

Arabic characters

successful

kejatuhan: a fall; a collapse menjatuhkan: to cause to fall or drop terjatuh: dropped or fell

jayanya: successfully berjaya: to succeed; successful kejayaan: success menjayakan: to make successful

jauh far; distant berjauhan: far apart kejauhan: afar

jebak snare; trap

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menjebak: to trap terjebak: trapped

trail berjela: to trail berjela-jela: to trail

jeda interval jelaga soot jegil stare with bulging eyes jelah menjegilkan: to stare in horror or astonishment

jejak

legible

jelajah footstep; trail; track

explore

menjejak: to trail menjejaki: to trail

menjelajah: to explore menjelajahi: to explore penjelajah: explorer penjelajahan: exploration

jejaka bachelor; young man jelak fed up; bored jejambat flyover jelang eve of jejantas flyover jelapang granary; rice bowl jejari radius jelas clear; well-defined; evident; obvious menjelaskan: to explain; to clarify; to settle penjelasan: explanation; clarification

jejas affect menjejaskan: to affect; to act upon in an adverse manner terjejas: affected; acted upon in an adverse manner

jela

jelata commoner; ordinary people

jelatang nettle

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jelik

jemala ugly; bad; repulsive

jeling

chump; block

ogle flirtatiously

jembalang gnome

jelingan: a glance through the corner of the eye menjeling: to ogle flirtatiously; to look through the corner of the eye

jempul superfine

jelir stick out (tongue)

jemput invite

menjelir: to stick out (tongue) menjelirkan: to stick out (tongue)

menjemput: to invite jemputan: invitation sejemput: a pinch of

jelita pretty; beautiful jelitawan: beautiful girl kejelitaan: beauty

jelma incarnate; materialise menjelma: to incarnate; to materialise jelmaan: metamorphic; incarnation menjelmakan: to create penjelmaan: incarnation; materialisation; metamorphosis

jemput-jemput dumpling made from mixture of flour and bananas

jemu bored; weary menjemukan: to bore

jemur sunbathe; bask berjemur: to sunbathe; to bask jemuran: clothes hung out to dry menjemur: to dry in the sun

jeluas gory; bloody

jelujur baste; temporary stitches

jenak moment sejenak: a moment

jemaah pilgrim; assembly; congregation jenaka

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banter; joke

jengkel annoyed; irritated

berjenaka: to joke

menjengkelkan: to annoy; to irritate jenama brand; trade mark

jengket tiptoe

berjenama: branded

berjengket: to tiptoe menjengket: to tiptoe jenang window or door frame; jamb jenguk look with head thrust forward jenayah

menjenguk: to look with head thrust forward menjengukkan: to thrust head forward

crime penjenayah: criminal jenggul

protrude jenazah corpse

jendela

menjenggulkan: to protrude

jenis window

type; sort; kind berjenis-jenis: of many types; a variety penjenisan: classification sejenis: of one type; a type of

jengah peep; glance menjengah: to peep; to glance jentera

machinery; machine jengkal span between the tips of stretched thumb and little finger

jentik (1) snap or flick with finger (2) larva

sejengkal: a span between the tips of stretched thumb and little finger

menjentik: to snap or flick with finger jentik-jentik: larva jentikan: fillip

jengkau reach out menjengkau: to reach out

jentolak bulldozer

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jenuh satisfied; full jerekit cohere jera discourage; dishearten; dissuade jerembat fall headlong jeram

terjerembat: to fall headlong

rapids

jerami hay; straw

jerempak meet by chance terjerempak: to meet by chance

jeran discourage

jerih tired

jerang boil

jeriji a grate

menjerang: to boil menjerangkan: to boil jering

a type of tree and its malodorous fruit

jerangkap booby trap jerit

scream

jerangkung human skeleton

menjerit: to scream terjerit-jerit: screaming jeritan: act of screaming

jerat a snare or trap menjerat: to snare or trap

jerjak

pimple

jerkah

jerawat

trellis; lattice

snarl; yell menjerkah: to snarl

jerebu haze

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menjijikkan: revolting; loathsome; to cause disgust

jernih clear; transparent; pure kejernihan: clarity; purity menjernihkan: to make clear; to purify jika

if jeruk pickle jikalau if jerumat to darn jilat lick; lap menjilat: to lick; to lap

jerumus cause to fall menjerumuskan: to cause to fall terjerumus: to fall forward

jilid binding; volume (of printed material) menjilid: to bind (printed material) penjilidan: binding (of printed material)

jerung shark jimak

copulation

jerut constrict; tighten a knot; strangle with rope menjerut: to constrict; to tighten a knot; to strangle with rope

jimat thrift berjimat:thrifty; prudent menjimatkan: to save

jidal thimble jin

spirit

jihad holy war jinak

tame; domesticated

jidar margin; border; edge

berjinak-jinak: to familiarise with kejinakan: tameness menjinakkan: to tame; to domesticate

jijik distasteful; disgusting

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jingga

correct; accurate; exact orange (colour) kejituan: accuracy menjitukan: to correct

jinjang long and slender (of neck) jiwa soul; spirit berjiwa: to be alive: to have the spirit menjiwai: to put more life or spirit into; to enliven

jinjing carry light objects in the hand menjinjing: to carry light objects in the hand jodoh

marriage partner or match

jintan herb with spicy seeds

berjodoh: to take as a spouse menjodohkan: to marry off

jintan manis: aniseed jintan putih: cummin joget

a Malay dance

jiplak copy or trace

jiran neighbour

berjoget: to dance the joget

johan champion

berjiran: to have as a neighbour; neighbouring; neighbourly kejiranan: neighbourhood

kejohanan: championship

jolok poke or thrust

jirat non-Muslim grave

menjolok: to poke; to thrust menjolok mata: shameful; unsightly

jirus douse; pour water on menjirus: to douse; to pour water on

jisim body; mass

jitu

jong junk (sailing ship)

jongang protruding (of teeth)

jongkang-jongket

127

see-saw

fight; struggle berjuang: to fight; to struggle memperjuangkan: to fight for pejuang: fighter perjuangan: a fight; a struggle; war seperjuangan: a common fight or struggle

jongkok cringe;cower

jongkong (1) ingot; bullion (2) large dug-out canoe

juara champion kejuaraan: championship menjuarai: to become the champion

joran fishing rod jubah

robe; chasuble

joreng a small piece or shred jubin

tile

jorong (1) betel leaf container (2) funnel judi

gamble

jua also

berjudi: to gamble memperjudikan: to gamble penjudi: gambler perjudian: gamble

juadah comestibles; things to eat judul

title; subject

juak court page

jual sell berjual: to sell berjual beli: to trade menjual: to sell penjual: seller jualan: sale

juang

berjudul: having a title

juga also; too

juita lovely; sweet

jujuh

128

trickle

Friday

berjujuh: to trickle jumbai frill jujur honest; trustworthy kejujuran: honesty

jumlah total berjumlah: having a total of menjumlahkan: to total up sejumlah: a total of; a sum of

Julai July

julang

jumpa boost; push upwards; soar

(1) meet (2) find ; discover

menjulang: to boost; to push upwards; to soar julangan: upward thrust

berjumpa: to meet jumpaan: a finding; a discovery menjumpai: to meet; to find; to discover perjumpaan: meeting terjumpa: found

julap laxative Jun June juling squint junam dive; nosedive julukan

menjunam: to dive; to nosedive terjunam: plunged head first

nickname; pet name; epithet

julung primary; the first

junjung (1) respect deeply (2) carry on the head

julung kali: the first time

menjunjung: (1) to respect deeply (2) to carry on the head

julur protrude menjulur: to protrude menjulurkan: to cause to protrude

juntai dangling; pendulous berjuntai: dangling; pendulous

Jumaat

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jurang ravine; gap

jurukira accountant

jurang generasi: generation gap jurulatih coach; trainer juru expert jurumasak chef juruacara master of ceremonies; compere jurumudi helmsman juruaudit auditor juruoptik optician juruazan muezzin jururawat nurse jurubahasa interpreter jurusawat mechanic jurubina architect juruselam diver jurucakap spokesman jurusolek beautician jurugambar photographer jurutaip typist juruhebah announcer juruteknik technician jurukamera cameraman jurutera

130

engineer

leap year

kejuruteraan: engineering kabu cotton tree juruterbang air pilot

jurutrengkas stenographer

kekabu: cotton tree

kabul fulfil; grant mengabulkan: to fulfil; to grant terkabul: fulfilled; granted

juruukur surveyor kabung mourn

juruulas commentator

juruwang cashier

berkabung: to mourn perkabungan: mourning; expression of grief

kabur blur; dim; unclear; vague mengaburkan: to make blur mengaburi: to make blur

jurus moment sejurus: a moment jurusan: department; direction; stream menjurus: in the direction of

kabus

hence; for this reason

kabut

justeru

mist

fog berkabut: foggy kelam-kabut: chaos; chaotic

juta million jutawan: millionaire berjuta-juta: millios of

kaca glass

Kaabah cubic black stone building in the mosque in Mecca kacak handsome; smart-looking kabisat

131

kacang bean kacang bendi: lady's fingers

kaduk fool (of Malay folklore)

kacau (1) harass; disturb (2) stir

kaedah method; procedure

kacau-bilau: chaotic kekacauan: disturbance mengacau: (1) to harass; to disturb (2) to stir mengacaukan: to stir; to mix pengacau: trouble-maker; one who disturbs

kacip nutcracker

kacuk cross-bred

kafan shroud

kafilah caravan; convoy of travellers

kafir infidel; person with no religious faith

kacukan: offspring of cross-breed

kacung mantis

mengkafirkan: to consider as an infidel

kaget startled mengagetkan: to startle

kadam sole of foot kagum impressive; amazing; astounding mengagumi: to amaze; to astound mengagumkan: to amaze; to astound

kadang-kadang sometimes kadang kala: sometimes; now and then kahak

phlegm kadar rate; ratio; proportion berkadar: proportional sekadar: just; only

kadi Muslim judge

kahwin marry kahwin lari: elope mengahwini: to marry mengahwinkan: to marry off perkahwinan: marriage; wedding

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kaji bintang astronomy kail fishing-rod mengail: to fish with a rod pengail: angler; fisherman

kain cloth

kais scratch with the claws

kaji bumi geology

kaji cuaca meteorology

kaji haiwan zoology

mengais: to scratch with the claws kaji hayat biology kait (1) crochet; knit (2) metal hook (3) correlate mengait: to knit; to crochet kaitan: correlation; relationship; relevance berkaitan: having a connection or correlation mengaitkan: to connect; to associate; to correlate perkaitan: connection

kajai collar

kajang awning; roofing (for boat or cart)

kaji

kaji purba archaeology

kaji selidik survey or study

kaji tumbuhan botany

kakak elder sister

study

kakak ipar sister-in-law

mengkaji: to study; to do research into kajian: a study; analysis; scrutiny mengaji: to read the Koran pengajian: pursuit of knowledge; academic study pengkajian: research pengkaji: researcher

kakaktua cockatoo; parrot

kakanda

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elder brother or sister

kalah mati: knock-out system (in sporting competition) kekalahan: a defeat mengalah: to concede defeat mengalahkan: to defeat

kaki (1) foot; leg (2) measure of length equal to one foot (12 inches) kakisama: isosceles; having two sides equal (of triangle) kakitangan: staff; personnel; employees

kalam writing pen

kalang kaki ayam barefoot

kaki bangku one who cannot play football

transverse support

kalangan circle or group with similar interests

kalau kaki bola one who loves football

if kalau-kalau: maybe

kaki gaduh trouble-maker

kalbu heart

kaki judi gambler

kaldu broth

kaku stiff

kali times; multiply

kaku lidah: tongue-tied

kala length or period of time kala jengking: scorpion berkala: periodical

kali-kali: multiplication table berkali-kali: repeatedly sekali: once; at the same time; superlative sekali imbas: glance sekali-sekala: once in a while sekalipun: although sekalian: all

kalimantang fluorescent light

kalah lose; defeated

134

kalimat sentence; period kambus engulf; cover kalis

mengambus: to engulf; to cover terkambus: covered with earth

proof; able to withstand

kalis air waterproof

kami

kalis api fireproof

kamir

kalis karat rust-proof

kampit

kalis peluru bullet-proof

we; us

yeast

portable case; sack

kampung village berkampung: to assemble perkampungan: a group of villages

kaloi carp kamu

you; your

kalung necklace mengalungkan: to garland kalungan: a garland

kamus

muddle; confusion; disorder

kanak-kanak child

room

kanan

kalut

kamar

kambing goat

dictionary

(1) right (2) senior

kancil mousedeer

gembala kambing: goat-herd

135

kanta cembung: convex lens kanta pembesar: magnifying lens kancing buckle; fastener kantuk berkancing: to have a fastener mengancing: to fasten terkancing: fastened

kandang cage; pen; fold

sleepiness; drowsiness mengantuk: sleepy; drowsy

kantung pouch; purse

mengandang: to cage kanun code of law kandas (1) run aground (2) fail terkandas: failed; stranded; aground

kapah gasp; tremble

kandung contain mengandung: pregnant kandungan: contents mengandungi: to contain; to consist of; filled with

kapai to flap the arms to stay afloat

kapak axe mengapak: to cut with an axe

kangkang straddle; astride mengangkang: to straddle terkangkang: with legs wide apart

kapal ship perkapalan: shipping

kanji starch berkanji: starched; starchy menganji: to starch

kanta lens

kapal angkasa spaceship

kapal induk mothership

kanta cekung: concave lens kapal korek

136

dredge

kara all alone

kapal perang battleship

karam sink (of ship); submerge

kapal selam submarine

karang (1) coral (2) compose batu karang: coral mengarang: to compose karangan: composition pekarangan: front portion of house pengarang: author

kapal terbang aeroplane

kapar scattered; sprawled karat berkaparan: scattered terkapar: sprawled

(1) rust (2) carat berkarat: rusty; to rust karatan: rustiness

kapas cotton karau churn kapit flank; escort kardus mengapit: to flank; to escort pengapit: bridesmaid terkapit: flanked

hardboard

kari curry kapuk a type of cotton karib intimate kapung afloat karkas crabbed (of handwriting) kapur lime; chalk mengapuri: to white-wash

karung sack

137

ostrich karut nonsense; ridiculous

kasut shoe

karut-marut: nonsense kata karya

word; say literary work; masterpiece kata hati: intuition katakan: tell; say; suppose katanya: he or she said berkata-kata: to chatter mengata: to gossip mengatakan: to tell memperkatakan: to talk; to discuss; about perkataan: word sekata: even

karyawan: writer

kasa gauze

kasap craggy; rugged

katak frog

kasar rough; crude; rude

katik small; short; stunted

kekasaran: coarseness; rudeness; roughness mengasarkan: to make rough katil

bed

kasi (1) give (2) castrate

katil bujang: single bed katil kelamin: double bed

mengasi: to castrate

katuk

kasih

to knock; to tap

affection; love kasih sayang: affection; love; fondness kasihan: pity berkasih-kasihan: to be in love with each other kekasih: lover; sweetheart mengasihani: to pity mengasihi: to love someone pengasih: lover ubat pengasih: love spell

katung float terkatung-katung: floating

katup (1) closely held (2) cover kasuari

138

berkatup: closed terkatup: shut tight kawasan area; region kau you (abbreviation of 'engkau') kawat cable; wire kaum community; group perkauman: racial

kawat berduri barbed wire

hose

kaya

kaus rich; wealthy kaya anak: having many children kaya raya: very rich kekayaan: wealth memperkayakan: to enrich terkaya: richest

kaus kaki footwear

kaut scoop up kayangan fairyland; very beautiful place kawah cauldron; large pan; crater kayap shingles kawal control; guard; check kayu berkawal: on guard mengawal: to guard; to control; to watch mengawali: to guard; to escort; to control mengawal diri: to restrain oneself pengawal: a guard; a controller kawalan: state of being under control or under guard

wood kayu-kayuan: wood; timber kayu-kayan: wood; timber kayu api: firewood kayu balak: log perkayuan: logging; timber industry kayu manis: cinnamon

kawan friend; companion

kayuh row; paddle; pedal

berkawan: to be friends; to have friends berkawan-kawan: in groups of friends mengawani: to accompany

berkayuh: to row; to paddle mengayuh: to row; to paddle pengayuh: an oar; a paddle; a pedal

139

taste; enjoy mengecap: to taste; to enjoy kebal impenetrable; immune; invulnerable; exempt kekebalan: immunity

kecapi lute

kebas numb

kecewa disappointed; frustrated

kekebasan: numbness kekecewaan: disappointment; frustration mengecewakan: to disappoint; to frustrate kebil to blink (of eyes) kecil terkebil-kebil: blinking (of eyes)

small kecil hati: hurt (of feelings) kecil-kecilan: small scale memperkecilkan: to belittle

kebun garden; plantation berkebun: to do gardening; to do farming pekebun: gardener; farmer perkebunan: gardening; farming

kecimpung dabble; plunge in; splash; be involved; participate berkecimpung: to dabble; to plunge in; to be involved; to participate

kecai shattered berkecai: to shatter; shattered kecoh

uproar; outcry kekecohan: uproar; outcry

kecam criticise severely; reprimand mengecam: to criticise severely; to reprimand kecaman: criticism

kecuali except; exempt

kecamuk causing to feel stunned or bewildered; furious (of combat)

kecap

berkecuali: neutral kekecualian: exception mengecualikan: to exclude; to exempt pengecualian: exemption

kecundang defeated; beaten

140

kecur

kedut mouth-watering

crease; wrinkle

shrink; shrivel; contract

kedutan: crease; wrinkle berkedut: wrinkled mengedutkan: to cause to be creased or wrinkled

kecut kecut hati: afraid mengecutkan: to shrink pengecut: coward

kehel sprain terkehel: sprained

kedai shop berkedai: to be a shopkeeper pekedai: shopkeeper

kejam cruel kekejaman: cruelty

kedal skin disease of hands and feet kejang cramp; inflexible; stiff kekejangan: cramps

kedang outstretched (of limb) kejap

moment

kedap impervious; sealed

sekejap: a moment berkejap: to blink

kedap udara: airtight

kejar

kedek waddle (like a duck)

chase

terkedek-kedek: to waddle (like a duck)

mengejar: to chase berkejar-kejaran: to chase one another terkejar-kejar: in a hurry

kedekut stingy

keji despicable; contemptible mengeji: to despise; to discredit

kedip blink; twinkle; flicker

141

Kejora

kelabu Venus

keju

grey

keladak cheese

kejur

dregs; sediment

keladi stiff

kejut

yam

kelah shock

picnic

terkejut: shocked kejutan: great shock mengejut: sudden mengejutkan: to shock; to startle; to surprise

berkelah: to picnic perkelahan: a picnic

kelahi quarrel kekal everlasting; eternal; permanent

berkelahi: to quarrel perkelahian: a quarrel

berkekalan: to be everlasting; to be permanent mengekalkan: to perpetuate kelak soon after kekek giggle; chortle terkekek-kekek: to giggle; to chortle mengekek: to giggle

kelakar funny; antic; joke berkelakar: to joke; to jest

kekang bridle; means of restraint kekangan: constraint; restriction

kekok clumsy

kelalang earthenware pitcher; flask

kelam dusky; gloomy; dim kelam-kabut: chaotic kekelaman: gloom

kekuda trestle kelambu

142

mosquito-net

kelamin couple

kelawar bat (animal)

keldai ass; donkey

sekelamin: a pair; a couple kelecek kelamun daydream

dribble (in football) mengelecek: to dribble (in football)

mengelamun: to daydream keledek kelana

sweet potato wanderer berkelana: to wander kelek-kelek armrest

kelangkang crotch; groin kelemayar glow-worm kelapa coconut kelapa kering: copra

kelemayuh gangrene

kelapa sawit oil palm

kelemumur dandruff

kelar (1) nick; small cut (2) segment of centipede

kelengkeng little finger

sailor

kelenjar gland

bitterish in taste

kelentang clanking sound

kelasi

kelat

143

kelenting clanging noise

keliling around berkeliling: around mengelilingi: to encircle; to surround; to go around; to encompass pekeliling: circular sekeliling: surrounding

kelentong (1) to bluff (2) hawker's rattle

kelentit clitoris

kelim

lapel

kelinci

flutter

kelip

kelepet

kelepur

hem (of cloth); seam

hare

blink; twinkle; wink

mengelepur: to flutter

berkelip-kelip: to blink; to twinkle; to wink sekelip mata: in a wink

keletah coquettish

kelip-kelip firefly

keli river catfish

keliru puzzled; confused; bewildered kekeliruan: confusion; bewilderment mengelirukan: to confuse; puzzling; to bewilder terkeliru: puzzled; confused; bewildered

keliar to gallivant; to prowl

kelibat double-headed paddle

kelmarin day before yesterday

kelicap sun-bird

kelok crook; bend; curve berkelok: bent; curved

kelikir gravel; rattan ring kelola

144

organise mengelola: to organise; to manage kelolaan: management mengelolakan: to organise pengelola: organiser pengelolaan: organisation; supervision

flying fox

keluar go out; exit keluaran: publication; product; made in mengeluarkan: to bring out; to publish; to produce pengeluar: producer pengeluaran: production terkeluar: excluded; expressed

kelompok batch; cluster; group berkelompok-kelompok: in groups; in clusters mengelompokkan: to put into groups

keluarga family kelompong part of telephone on which the receiver rests

berkeluarga: having a family kekeluargaan: family; kinship

kelonet measly; meagre

kelubung veil; hood berkelubung: veiled; hooded

kelong fish tunnel net keluh sigh kelongsong leaf or paper cone used as container or wrapper

kelontong haberdashery

keluhan: a sigh; a moan berkeluh-kesah: to moan mengeluh: to moan; to sigh

keluk curve; bend berkeluk-keluk: winding

kelopak sepal; calyx kelopak bunga: sepal; calyx kelopak mata: eyelid

keluli

speechless

kelumit

kelu

steel

morsel; very small amount

keluang

145

kelupas peel off

kembang expand; enlarge; blossom

mengelupas: to peel off; to come off

berkembang: to expand; to enlarge; to blossom mengembangkan: to develop; to cause to expand memperkembangkan: to develop; to cause to expand perkembangan: development

kemala bezoar

kemanakan nephew; niece

kembar

kemarau drought

kembara explore; wander

twin

mengembara: to explore; to wander pengembara: explorer; wanderer pengembaraan: exploration; adventure

kemaruk rapacious; ravenous; very hungry or greedy kembiri

castrate

kemas orderly; neat; tidy kemaskini: update berkemas: to pack; to clear away mengemaskan: to arrange; to tidy up; to pack mengemaskinikan: to update

kemboja frangipani

kembu kematu

creel; angler's basket corn (hardened area of skin)

kembali return; over again mengembalikan: to return something pengembalian: restoration

kembung flatulent; distended from pressure within

kemeja shirt

kemban cloth tied above the bosom berkemban: to tie the cloth (sarong) above the bosom

kemelut crucial or critical; crisis; emergency

kemenyan

146

incense kena kemik

incur; strike; touch dent; dented kena-mengena: connection; relation berkenaan: in connection with; in relation to mengenai: in connection with; regarding mengenakan: to impose terkena: affected; tricked

kemis beg mengemis: to beg pengemis: beggar kenal

know; recognise kenalan: acquaintance berkenalan: having acquaintance with mengenal: to know; to recognise mengenali: to know; to recognise; to identify memperkenalkan: to introduce pengenalan: identification; introduction perkenalan: acquaintance terkenal: famous; well-known

kempas-kempis inflate and deflate

kempis shrink mengempiskan: to deflate kenan

agree; assent

kempunan longing for

berkenan: to agree; to assent memperkenankan: to approve perkenan: approval; consent

kemudi helm; rudder mengemudikan: to steer pengemudi: helmsman

kenang recall mengenang: to recall kenang-kenangan: souvenir; reminiscence kenangan: memory; remembrance; nostalgia mengenangkan: to recall terkenang: reminiscent

kemudian then; later; afterwards mengemudiankan: to postpone; to delay terkemudian: last kenapa

why kemuncak peak; summit kencang boisterous; strong (of wind) kemuncup love grass

147

to walk with legs wide apart

kencing urine kening

eyebrow

kencing manis diabetes mellitus kenit

tiny; midget; dwarf

kendali conduct; manage; operate; hold the reins mengendalikan: to manage; to conduct; to operate; to handle; to hold the reins kendalian: operation; management

kendati although

kenderaan vehicle

kental thick (of fluid)

kentang potato

kentut flatulence terkentut: passed flatus

kendi (1) cylindrical glass or earthenware jar (2) curlew

kenyal pliable; elastic

kendong carry something in the folds of a sarong

kenyang sated (with food)

mengendong: to carry something in the folds of a sarong

kekenyangan: fullness (of stomach) mengenyangkan: to satiate

kendur loose; slack; not taut

kenyit wink; blink

mengendur: to slacken; to sag mengendurkan: to slacken; to loosen

mengenyit: to wink; to blink

kepada

kenduri

to (person)

a feast

kengkang

kepah

148

mussel

kepit (1) fasten with a clip (2) a clip (3) hold under the arm

kepak

mengepit: (1) to fasten with a clip (2) to hold under the arm

wing berkepak: winged berkepak-kepak: to flap (for wings)

kepiting soft-shelled crab kepal lump kepompong chrysalis; pupa kepalan lump kepuk rice barn kepala (1) head (2) chief person kepala angin: moody mengepalai: to be the leader

kepul thick puff (e.g.of smoke) kepulan: a cloud of smoke

kepalang little

kepung besiege berkepung: to besiege kepungan: siege; blockade mengepung: to besiege pengepungan: siege; blockade terkepung: besieged; surrounded

keparat non-believer

kepialu typhoid kera monkey kepil attach kerabat kinship; relatives keping piece; sheet kerah kepingan: pieces; sheet berkeping-keping: in pieces; fragmented

call up (into the armed forces) mengerahkan: to call up (into the armed

149

forces) kerahan: conscription keranjang crate; basket keraian festival; entertainment kerap frequent; close (of texture) kerak crust (e.g of bread)

kerakal

kekerapan: frequency

keras pebble

hard; firm; harsh; stiff; loud berkeras: to act harshly; stubborn kekerasan: force; power; might mengeraskan: to harden; to make loud keras hati: stubborn; indomitable

keramat one having supernatural powers

kerambit small sickle with curved end

kerat cut; incise mengerat: to cut; to incise keratan: a slice; a piece keratan akhbar: news clip

keran faucet; tap

kerawang fretwork

kerana because; for the sake of

kerawit pin-worm

keranda coffin; casket

kerang cockle; shellfish

cacing kerawit: pin-worm

kerbau buffalo kerbau pendek: pig

kerangka framework; chassis; carcass; draft kerdil (1) cretinous; dwarfish (2) cretin; dwarf kerani clerk

150

pebble

kerdip twinkle; wink kering

dry

kerek apparatus for hoisting things

kering-kontang: parched; arid kekeringan: dryness mengeringkan: to dry something pengering rambut: hair dryer

kerekot twisted

kerenah whim; caprice

kerengga red ant

kerepek fried chips of banana, tapioca, sweet potato, etc.

keringat sweat berkeringat: to sweat; sweating

kerinting frizzy; a perm or artificial wave in the hair

kerip nip with the front teeth

keris

kereta

Malay dagger

car; carriage keretapi: train kereta sorong: wheelbarrow kereta jenazah: hearse

kerisik

a type of cigarette containing tobacco and cloves

keriting

(1) dry old banana fronds (2) rustling of dry leaves

keretek curly mengeritingkan: to curl keria crane (bird) kerja work kericau chirp

kerjasama: cooperation bekerja: to work; working bekerjasama: to cooperate pekerja: worker

kerikil

151

pekerjaan: occupation; work kerjatangan: handiwork; handicraft kerongsang brooch kerjaya career keropok crackers or chips (usually made from shrimps) kerkah crunch noisily with the teeth kersang barren; dry kerkap a crunching sound kersik grit kerlap a short nap kertak gnash or grind (one's teeth) kerling glance sideways briefly mengerling: to glance sideways briefly kerlingan: a brief glance

kerlip flicker; wink

kertas paper

kertau mulberry

kerlipan: a flicker keruan certain; definite

kernyih grin

keroncong (1) a kind of traditional Malay music (2) rumbling sound from hungry stomach keroncongan: a type of plant

kerongkong throat kerongkongan: throat

kerubung swarm

kerudung cowl

keruh cloudy (of liquid); turbid kekeruhan: turbidity

152

kerumun besiege; throng; swarm

kesan (1) effect; impression (2) indelible (of a mark)

berkerumun: to besiege; to throng; to swarm mengerumuni: to crowd around; to swarm; to besiege

kesan jari: fingerprint kesan sampingan: side effect berkesan: effective keberkesanan: effectiveness mengesan: to track down

keruping scab; crust or clotted blood on a wound kesat (1) abusive; crude-mannered (2) coarse or rough in texture kerusi

mengesat: to wipe mengesatkan: to make rough pengesat kaki: doormat

chair kerusi roda: wheelchair pengerusi: chairman mempengerusikan: to chair

kesatria warrior kerut frown kerutan: wrinkle berkerut: wrinkled; to frown mengerutkan: to frown

kesot drag berkesot: to drag mengesot: to drag

kerutu rough to the touch ketak cackle (of hens) kesah restless ketam (1) crab (2) reap or harvest (3) plane (of wood) mengetam: (1) to reap or harvest (2) to plane (of wood)

kesahan authenticity; legality; legitimacy

ketap

kesak

(1) clench; grit (2) plain; evident

move on slowly

ketar

kesal regretable; deplorable; regret

doddery; trembling

153

sting of a mosquito bite; pinch ketara conspicuous; obvious

ketitir turtle-dove

ketat tight; taut

ketua chief; leader; headman

mengetatkan: to tighten memperketatkan: to tighten; to make more strict

ketawa laugh; laughter

mengetuai: to lead; to head pengetua: principal

ketuhar oven

mengetawakan: to laugh it out ketuk knock

ketemu meet

berketuk: to crow like a rooster; to rap (of engine) mengetuk: to knock; to strike ketukan: a knock

ketiak armpit ketul a lump ketik clack (short sharp sound)

seketul: a lump berketul-ketul: lumpy

ketika juncture; point of time; moment; when

ketumbar coriander

seketika: a moment

ketumbit stye

keting part of the leg just above the heel

ketupat ketingting hopscotch

cooked rice packed in palm leaves

khabar ketip

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news

circumcision

khabarnya: it is said mengkhabarkan: to inform

mengkhatankan: to circumcise

khatib khadam household servant; subordinate assistant

khalayak creature; mankind; God's creations

preacher in mosque

khatulistiwa equator

khayal khalifah caliph

daydream; fantasy; imagination berkhayal: to daydream; to fantasise khayalan: daydream; fantasy; imagination mengkhayalkan: to fantasise

khalwat state of an unmarried couple being together in seclusion khazanah treasury Khamis Thursday khemah camp; tent berkhemah: to camp perkhemahan: camping

khas special

khianat

khasiat nutrient

betrayal; treachery

berkhasiat: nutritious

mengkhianat: to betray mengkhianati: to betray pengkhianat: traitor pengkhianatan: betrayal; treachery

khat hand-writing khidmat serve; work khatam

berkhidmat: to serve; to work perkhidmatan: service

end; conclude; complete

khatan

khilaf

155

blunder; mistake kias khuatir

analogy worried; afraid mengias: to hint at mengiaskan: to make an analogy

khunsa hermaphrodite kibar fly (of flag) berkibar: to fly (a flag) mengibarkan: to wave or fly (a flag)

khusus special; specific; exclusive mengkhusus: to specialise mengkhususkan: to make special pengkhususan: specialisation

kibas fan vigorously; flap mengibaskan: to fan vigorously; to flap

khusyuk (1) engrossed (2) humility kiblat direction of Mecca khutbah sermon berkhutbah: to deliver a sermon pengkhutbah: preacher

kial

kicap ketchup

kicau struggling; having difficulty

chirp

terkial-kial: to struggle; to have difficulty

berkicau: to chirp kicauan: a bird's chirp

kiamat doomsday; day of judgement

kidal left-handed

kiambang water-lily

kijang deer

kian this much

kikir (1) stingy (2) a file (for smoothening things)

sekian: that's all

156

sharpener; strop mengilir: to sharpen kikis scrape off mengikis: to scrape off

kimia chemistry

kilan dissatisfied; discontented

kimpal solid

terkilan: dissatisfied; discontented kimpalan: welding kilang (1) factory (2) gland

kincir water-wheel or wind-mill; spool; reel

mengilang: to manufacture; to produce perkilangan: manufacturing

kincir air: water-wheel kincir angin: windmill

kilap lustrous

kini now

kilapan: lustre kipas kilat

a fan (1) lightning (2) brightness; shine mengipas: to fan berkilat: to shine; to flash berkilat-kilat: shining; glittering; glossy mengilatkan: to polish; to make shiny pengilat: polishing wax

kira (1) calculate; compute; count (2) regard as; suppose

kilau

kira-kira: (1) approximately (2) arithmetic kiraan: calculation kiranya: in case; if berkira: calculated mengira: to calculate; to count; to compute mengira-ngira: to estimate pengiraan: act of counting; calculation; estimation

glossy; sparkling; glittering berkilau-kilau: to sparkle; to glitter kilau-kamilau: glossy kilauan: gloss; luminosity; sparkle; glitter

kili-kili spool kirai shake out; winnow (rice) kilir

157

kiri left kobar ardent; full of enthusiasm; flare up kirim

berkobar: to flare up

send berkirim: to send kiriman: something that is sent; consignment mengirimkan: to send pengiriman: shipment; delivery pengirim: sender

kocak agitate; shake briskly; stir berkocak: agitated; stirred kocakan: agitation mengocak-ngocakkan: to agitate

kisah story mengisahkan: to narrate pengisahan: narration

kocek pocket

kocok

kisar

to shake; to mix; to incite

rotate; revolve berkisar: to revolve; to rotate mengisarkan: to grind; to grate pengisaran: rotation; gyration; grinding

kodi a score (twenty)

kismis raisin

kodok frog

kita we; us

kohong fetid; stinking

kitab book

kokok crow berkokok: to crow

kitar surrounding sekitar: surrounding

kolah square stone or cement water tank

kitaran cycle of events

kolam

158

pond

abrupt; sudden; curt sekonyong-konyong: sudden; abrupt; curt

kole mug kopak dilapidated; in disrepair kopak-kapik: dilapidated; in disrepair mengopak: to break open

kolek canoe

kopek

kolot

peel

old-fashioned; out-of-date

mengopek: to peel terkopek: peeled off kompang shallow drum kopi coffee komplot conspiracy komplotan: conspiracy

kongkong pillory

kopiah Malay cap

korban sacrifice berkorban: to offer as sacrifice mengorbankan: to sacrifice terkorban: killed pengorbanan: a sacrifice

kongsi association; partnership berkongsi: to enter into a partnership perkongsian: partnership korek

dig konon

mengorek: to dig pengorek: excavator; spade; digger

it is said

kontang dry; parched

konyong

korok a burrow

kosong

159

empty; vacant kekosongan: emptiness; vacancy mengosongkan: to empty; to vacate

kuala estuary; confluence of rivers

kota fort; city

kuali frying-pan

mengotakan: to fortify

kuap

kotak

yawn

box

menguap: to yawn terkuap-kuap: yawning repeatedly kotor dirty kekotoran: dirtiness mengotorkan: to dirty pengotor: a dirty person kotoran: dirt

kuasa power; authority; strength berkuasa: having the power or authority menguasai: to dominate; to manage kekuasaan: power

koyak tear; torn

kuat strong

mengoyakkan: to tear terkoyak: torn

kekuatan: strength; power menguatkan: to strengthen

ku I; me (abbreviation of 'aku')

kuatkuasa enforce; authority berkuatkuasa: to be in effect; to be enforced menguatkuasakan: to enforce; to implement; to impose penguatkuasa: enforcement officer penguatkuasaan: enforcement

kuaci dried melon seed

kuah gravy kubah dome kuak croak; bellow kubang menguak: to croak: to bellow

160

mud-hole

kuda padi: short-legged horse for riding memperkuda: to use as a horse; to exploit

berkubang: to wallow kuda belang zebra

kubis cabbage

kuda-kuda trestle; easel

kubu fortress

kudap kubung

snack lemur kudapan: snack

kubur grave

kudis skin sore

menguburkan: to bury (the dead) perkuburan: graveyard kudrat God's might kucai chive (vegetable) kudung maimed kucar-kacir in complete confusion kudup bud kucing cat kudus holy; sacred; blessed kucup kiss mengucup: to kiss kucupan: a kiss

kuda horse

kugiran musical group

kuih cake; cookie

kuda lumba: race-horse

161

kuil

mildew temple kulat

kuinin

fungus; mushroom quinine kuli

kuis

unskilled labourer kick aside; shove berkuli: to work as a labourer menguiskan: to kick aside; to shove kuliah

kuit

lecture touch with the fingertips kulit

kuku

skin nail; claw menguliti: to peel; to skin

kukuh strong; firm

kulum suck (keep in the mouth)

mengukuhkan: to strengthen mengulum: to suck (keep in the mouth) kukur grater; scraper

kulup foreskin

mengukur: to grate; to scrape pengukur: grater; scraper kumai moulding kukus steam mengukus: to steam

kuman germ

kulai droop; dangle terkulai: drooping; dangling

kulapuk

kumandang echo

kumat-kamit

162

mumble

kuncup close; contract

terkumat-kamit: mumbling

menguncup: to contract menguncupkan: to close; to furl terkuncup: furled kumbang beetle kundang a page boy kumis moustache kundur wax-gourd kumparan bobbin kuning yellow kumpul gather; collect; assemble berkumpul: to gather; to assemble kumpulan: group; collection mengumpulkan: to collect pengumpul: collector perkumpulan: association; union; assembly sekumpulan: a group

kekuningan: yellowish menguning: to turn yellow; to ripen

kunjung visit berkunjung: to visit kunjungan: a visit mengunjungi: to visit pengunjung: visitor; tourist

kumuh excrete kuno kumur

ancient; old-fashioned gargle berkumur: to gargle kuntum flower bud

kunang-kunang firefly

sekuntum: a flower

kunyah kunci

chew key; lock mengunyah: to chew mengunci: to lock menguncikan: to lock; to fasten kunyit

163

turmeric

mengurniakan: to award; to bestow pengurniaan: bestowal; awarding

kupang an old type of coin

kursus course (of study) berkursus: to attend a course

kupas peel; analyse mengupas: to peel; to analyse kupasan: analysis

kuping

kurun century

kurung ear; scab

confine; imprison kurungan: (1) prison; cage; coop (2) bracket (in writing) berkurung: confined; imprisoned mengurung: to confine; to imprison

kupu-kupu butterfly

kura-kura tortoise

kurus thin; lean kurus kering: emaciated

kurang less; insufficient; deficient kurang-kurang: less berkurangan: lacking kekurangan: shortage; lack; deficit mengurangkan: to reduce sekurang-kurangnya: at least

kusam matt or dull (of a surface)

kusta leprosy

kurap ringworm

kusut dishevelled; ruffled; tangled; kinky kekusutan: confusion; complication mengusutkan: to entangle; to perplex; to confuse

kurma (1) a date (fruit) (2) a spicy dish

kutak

kurnia bestow; award

shake violently

mengurniai: to award; to bestow

164

river turtle

kutang bodice; brassiere labu

gourd

kutip (1) pick; collect (2) cite; quote mengutip: (1) to pick; to collect (2) to cite; to quote kutipan: citation; quotation

labuci sequin; spangle

labuh

kutu

(1)hanging down; long (of dress) (2)to anchor

louse; flea

labur

kutub

to invest

pole (of earth's axis or magnet)

laci

kutuk

drawer

curse; condemn kutukan: anathema; a curse; condemnation mengutuk: to curse; to condemn terkutuk: cursed; damned

lacur indecent; obscene

kuyu dewy-eyed; sad

lada chillies; pepper

kuyup drenched

ladam horseshoe

laba profit ladang

estate; farm; plantation

labah-labah spider laden

to serve; to wait on

labang hard of hearing lading labi-labi

(1)a type of broad and curved chopper (2)a dug-out canoe

165

lahir born lafaz utterance laici lychee laga clash; collide; fight laidaun blade (e.g. of grass) lagak manner; conduct; behaviour; swank lain other; different lagang to begin weaving lain-lainnya etcetera; others lagi again; still; and; also; more; additional lajak fast; outspoken lagi-lagi again and again laju fast lagipun moreover; besides lajur column (e.g. of troops) lagu song lakar to sketch; to outline lahad niche for the corpse in a Muslim grave lakaran a sketch lahap (1)gluttonous; greedy (2)to eat greedily laki husband lahar lava laki-laki

166

male lalak laknat

to yell to damn; to curse; a curse lalang

lakon

long-bladed grass to act (in a play or film) lalat

lakonan an act; a play; a drama

a fly (insect)

lali laksa

immune a preparation of noodles lalu

laksamana admiral

to pass; to make way; to elapse (of time)

lalu lintas traffic

laksana to perform; to execute; to accomplish

lalu-lalang passing back and forth

laku (1)to happen; to occur (2)marketable

laluan lakur

passage fuse; blend lalut

lala

disjointed (of talk) a type of sea mollusc lama

lalah

old; a long time to gobble lama-lama finally

lalai careless; negligent; indifferent

167

lanky; slim

lama-lamaan in the long run lampan

tin mine

lamar to put forward; to propose lampau

abysmal; extreme; excessive

lamaran proposal; application lampin

napkin; diaper

lambai to wave lampir

to affix; to attach; to enclose

lambak disorderly heap

lambang symbol; emblem;

lampiran attachment; enclosure; appendix

lampu lamp

lambat slow; late

lambat-laun sooner or later

lampung float

lamun to day-dream

lambuk friable

lambung (1)to lob; to toss up; to bounce up (2)bulwark

lamunan a day-dream

lanar alluvium

lamin bridal dais lanau lampai

silt

168

landasan rail lanca rickshaw langah to open widely lancang (1)outspoken; cheeky (2)a swift-sailing yacht langak to search lancar fluent; smooth langau bluebottle fly lancip tapered langgai the shell of leguminous seeds lancong to travel or tour langgan to subscribe lancung phoney; sham; false langganan subscription lancur to gush out langgar to collide landa to enter forcefully; to hit; to strike langit sky landai gently sloping langit-langit canopy landak porcupine; hedgehog langkah a step landas base; foundation langkan

169

baluster lantai langkas

floor fall of the fruit; end of fruit season lantak

langkau to skip or omit

hammer

lantang langkup overturned or upside-down

clarion; audible; loud

lantar langsai

to put forward to settle or clear (of debt) lantas

langsing slender; slim and graceful

forthwith; straight away

lantik langsir

to appoint curtain

langsuir a female vampire

lantikan appointment

lantun langsung direct

to bounce; to rebound

lantur lanjur

to digress; to deviate to expand lanun

lanjut

pirate continuous lanyak

lanjutan continuation

to trample

170

a report

lap to wipe; to mop lapuk

mouldy; stale

lapah to skin; to devour lara

heartache; sorrow

lapan eight laram

stylish; showy

lapang spacious; roomy; open and wide; free (of time) larang

to prohibit; to forbid

lapangan (1)field (2)sphere of interest

lapangan terbang airfield

larangan prohibition

laras barrel (e.g. of gun)

lapar hungry larat

able; dragging on

lapik underlayer; lining lari

to run

lapis layered larik

to smoothen with a lathe; to carve

lapisan layer; class laris

in damand; marketable

lapor to report larut laporan

(1)dissolving; melting (2)late (of night)

171

lasak durable

lasam

lau burung aviary

lauk faded

lastik catapult

lata

a cooked dish of fish, meat, etc

lauk-pauk a variety of cooked dishes

laung (1)to creep (2)cascade; waterfall

latah to say or do something unconsciously out of shock or fright

to shout; to call loudly

laungan a shout; a loud cry

laut latar

sea setting lautan

latar belakang background

ocean

lawa latih

pretty; elegant to train; to practise lawak

latihan

comedy training; practice; lawan

latihan asas basic training

opponent; opposite

lawan dalam infighting

latuk a type of large knife curved at the top

172

bee

lawat to visit lebam

bruise

lawatan a visit lebar

wide; broad

layak qualified; fit; suitable; eligible; competent

lebarnya width; breadth

layan to serve (food); to entertain

lebat dense (of foliage or hair); heavy (of rain)

layanan hospitality; service lebih

more; extra

layang-layang kite lebihan

excess

layar to sail; a sail

lebih kurang approximately; more or less

layu wilted; withered

lebih-lebih lagi especially

layur to parch

lebuh avenue

lazat delicious; tasty

lebuhraya highway

lazim habitual; usual

lebur lebah

molten

173

legeh watershed lecah muddy; sloppy legup-legap sound of heartbeat; throbbing sound leceh troublesome; worthless leher neck lecek mashed leka lax; slack; not strict; absorbed; carried away lecet footsore lekah crack; groove; crevice (e.g. in wood) lecur blistered; scalded lekang not adhering; cracking (from heat) ledak to blow up with explosives lekap to cuddle; to sit or lie close to; to stick to ledakan explosion; detonation lekar stand for cooking pots lega relieved (e.g. from pain, anxiety, discomfort) lekas quickly; fast legam pitch; dark; deep (of colour) lekat to adhere; to stick legap opaque lekit sticky legar to revolve lekuk

174

hollow; concavity; dent lelong lekuk-lekak bumpy

auction

lelopak lekung

chamber holding cartridges (in a gun) or slides (in a projector)

sunken

lelabah

leluasa spider

lelah

unlimited; uncontrolled; unrestrained

lelucon (1)tired; exhausted (2)asthma; wheezing

lelai

humour

leluhur droop (of branch, coconut leaf, etc)

lelaki

ancestor

lelurah male; man

lelangit

gully

lemah palate

lelap

weak; feeble; frail

asleep

lemah gemalai graceful

abrasive

lemah hati soft-hearted

abrasion

lemah lembut gentle; graceful

to trickle; to ooze

lemah semangat weak-willed

lelas

lelasan

leleh

175

lemak fat; fatty

lemang

lembung inflatable

lembur glutinous rice and coconut milk cooked in bamboo

overtime

lembut lemas

soft; gentle suffocation (in smoke, gas or by drowning)

lembaga (1)board; governing body (2)embryo; foetus

lempang to slap; to smack; to hit

lempar lembah

to hurl; to fling valley lempeng a kind of cake; pancake

lembap moist; humid; damp

lempuk lembar

a cake made from durian or jackfruit cooked with sugar

a strand; numeral coefficient for paper, thread

lembaran sheet (of paper)

lempung soft and light

lembik

lena flaccid

sound asleep

lembing javelin; spear

lencana

lembu

lencong cow

badge

to divert; to detour; to deviate

176

lenggok gait lencongan a detour; a diversion; a deviation lengkap complete; equipped lendap a clot lengkok curve; bend; arc lendir mucus lengkuas a type of root resembling ginger lendung to sag lengkung curve; arc lendut sagging lengkungan curvature lengah to dilly-dally; to dawdle; to idle lenguh to moo lengan arm; forearm lengung to brood lengan baju sleeve lentam-lentum loud sound like that of a cannon lengang desolate; deserted; uninhabited lentik somewhat curved lengas moist; humid; clammy lenting to rebound; to spring back lenggang to swing the arms; to sway the head and body lentok

177

to incline the head lepur lentuk

to die through suffocation in mud a bend lerai

lentur

to disengage; to break up flexible; supple lereng

lenyak

a slope sound asleep leret

lenyap

too long and trailing to disappear; to vanish lesap

lepa

to disappear; to vanish plaster; mortar leset

lepak

feeling depressed (1)very white; fair (2)to sit in a lazy way lesi

lepas

looking drawn and sickly (1)after; past (2)to free lesu

lepasan

listless; drawn a graduate or school-leaver lesung

lepat

rice mortar a type of cake steamed in banana leaves letak

leper

to place; to put; to lay flat-surfaced leter

lepuh

to nag blister

178

cunning; crafty; shrewd

leteran chatter licin

smooth

letih tired; weary lidah

tongue

letup to explode lidas

itchy (of tongue) after eating sour fruit

letupan explosion lidi

vein of coconut palm frond

letus to erupt ligat

spinning fast

lewat late lihat

to look at

liang a hole; a burrow likat

thick and sticky

liar wild; uncivilized liku

meandering or winding course

liat hard; firm lilin

candle; wax

libat to involve lilit

to entwine

libur holiday lilitan licik

circumference

179

lincir smooth (in moving) lima five lindung to take refuge or shelter limau orange; lime; lemon lindungan haven; refuge limau gedang grapefruit lingga colossus limau nipis lime lingkar a coil limbang to pan (in search of gold ore) lingkaran a convolution; a coil limbungan dockyard lingkung to surround; to encircle limpa spleen lingkungan encirclement; enclosure; sphere limpah to overflow lingkup cover limpap (1)in layers (2)excessive debt lintah leech linang to flow (for tears or sweat) lintang horizontal lincah nimble lintang-pukang

180

helter-skelter litar lintas

circuit to pass by; to cross litup

lipan

covered and concealed centipede liuk

lipas

to snake; to sway cockroach liwat

lipat

sodomy to fold loba

lipatan

grasping; greedy for money or possessions a fold lobak

lipit

radish narrow hem lobak merah carrot

lipur to comfort; to console

loceng liput

bell to cover; to comprise lodak

liputan

sediment coverage; inclusion lodeh

lisan

mixed vegetables cooked to pulp oral; verbal logam

lisut

metal shrunken; soft

181

a jump; a leap

logamaya mirage

lompat bergalah pole vault

loghat dialect; slang

lompat jauh long jump

lohong hole

lompat kijang triple jump; hop, step and jump

loji industrial plant; factory; industrial site

lompat tinggi high jump

lok curve of a kris

loncat to hop

lokek mean; miserly; stingy

loncatan a hop

lolong a loud cry; a howl

londeh to slip off or drop (as for sarong)

lombong mine for extracting metal, coal, etc long

a bottomless coffin

lombong bijih tin mine longgar

loose; diffuse

lompang vacant; empty; a vacuole; an air pocket longgok

a heap or mass; a pile

lompat to jump; to leap

lompatan

longgokan a heap

182

lori truck; lorry longkah easily peeled off (e.g. flesh from the seed) lorong lane; path longkang drain loteng attic longlai swaying of body; weak lotong black long-tailed monkey lonjak to gambol; to jump about playfully loya nausea lonjakan gamboling movement loyang brass lonjong oval; ovoid luah to eject; to spit out lontar to throw; to hurl luak decreased in quantity lontong a type of Malay food made of rice and gravy luang free lopak puddle luap to boil over lopong agape; empty luar outside lorek stripe; band luaran

183

exterior lucu luar bandar rural

funny; comical

lucut luar batas off limit

denude

ludah luar biasa extraordinary

saliva

luhur luar dalam inside out

majestic; noble

luka luar negara overseas; abroad

wound; injury

lukah luar nikah out of wedlock

fish trap

lukis luas

to draw wide; broad lukisan

luat

drawing to feel nauseated; to feel disgusted; to despise luluh

lubang

crushed to powder hole lulur

lubuk

to gulp gulf; deep part of a river lulus

lucah

to pass obscene; lewd

184

moss; lichen

lumang to smear lunak

mellow; soft

lumas to paint lunas

(1)main point; source (2)keel

lumat fine (powdery) luncur

to glide

lumayan handsome (of amount); sufficient lundi

grub

lumba to race

lumba-lumba dolphin

lungkup upside down

lungsur to slide down

lumpuh paralysis; paralytic lunjur

to stretch out the legs

lumpur mud luntur

to discolour or fade

lumrah normal lupa

to forget

lumur to smear with fat during cooking luput

expiry; termination of validity

lumuran a smear lurah lumut

valley; groove

185

forgiveness luru to dash

maafkan saya excuse me; forgive me

to drop

mabuk

luruh drunk lurus (1)straight (2)frank; honest

mabuk asmara love sick

to rub; to smoothen with fingers

mabuk laut seasick

day after tomorrow

Mac

lurut

lusa March lusuh worn out; faded

macam like; kind; sort; type

lut penetrative

macang horse-mango

lutcahaya translucent

madah eulogy

lutsinar transparent

madat opium

lutut knee

madrasah Islamic school

sleepy

madu

luyu (1)honey (2)woman sharing the same husband maaf

186

mahir skilful maghrib sunset mahkamah court of law maging carnivorous mahkota royal crown maha great mahligai palace mahaguru great teacher; professor mahsul products of a country maha kuasa almighty mahu to want; to desire mahal expensive mahupun (1)although (2)either/or mahar dowry main to play maharaja emperor mainan toy; act of playing maharani empress; queen majal blunt (of knife) mahasiswa university student majalah magazine maharajalela to rampage majikan

187

employer makbul majlis

fulfilled; answered (of prayers) council; meeting; assembly

majmuk compound; complex

makhluk a creature

maki maju

to abuse developed makian

mak

a curse; act of hurling abuse mother makin

mak angkat adopted mother

increasingly

maklum to know

makcik auntie

mak tiri stepmother

maklumat information

makmal laboratory

maka then; therefore; hence; so

makmur prosperous; to prosper

makam mausoleum; tomb

makna makan

meaning to eat makruf

makanan food

famous

188

dim

maksiat vice; immorality

malapetaka calamity; disaster

maksud meaning; purpose; intention

malar constant; continuous

maktab college malas

lazy

maktub recorded in writing malik

lord

malah on the contrary; in fact; but malim

expert

malahan on the contrary; in fact; but malu

shy; ashamed; embarrassed

malaikat angel malung

large sea eel

malam night mamah

to munch; to chew

malam minggu Saturday night mamak

maternal uncle

malang unfortunate; unlucky

malangnya unfortunately

malap

mambang ghost; spirit

mampat compress

189

manfaat benefit mampu able to; capable mangga (1)mango (2)padlock mampus to die (unrefined expression) manggar base of coconut palm frond mana where manggis mangosteen mana satu which one mangkat to die (of royalty) mana-mana anywhere; wherever mangkin catalyst mancis matches mangku acting (of official post) mancung high and sharp mangkuk bowl mancur to spout; to squirt mangsa victim; prey; casualty mandi to bathe mangu amazed; perplexed; bewildered mandul barren or sterile (of female) mani semen mandur head of the labourers manik

190

bead marah manikam gem

angry

marak manis

to flare up sweet mari

manisan sweet dish

to come

Marikh manja

Mars pampered; indulgent markah

manjur

mark potent; effective markas

mansit

headquarters cuff (of sleeve) marmar marble

mansuh to vanish; to disappear; to annul; to abolish

marmut marmot; guinea-pig

mantap established

mantera magical charm or spell; incantation

manusia human being

martabak a kind of bread with meat fillings

martabat prestige

maruah mara

pride; self-respect to advance

191

each and everyone

masa time; period; era masjid

mosque

masa depan future

masa lalu past

mastautin to reside

masuk to enter

masa silam past

masuk campur interfere

masak (1)to cook (2)ripe

masakan (1)cookery (2)how could it be

masalah problem

masyarakat society; organized community

masyghul depressed; sad

masyhur famous

masam sour

mata maserba omnivore

eye

mata air spring (water)

masih still

mata hitam iris

masin salty

masing-masing

mata wang currency

192

mawar rose matahari sun maya illusion; delusion mata-mata policeman mayam unit of weight for gold matang mature mayang palm-blossom matarah beacon mayat corpse mati to die mazhab religious sect or school of thought mati-matian with full effort mazmur hymn matlamat aim; objective; target medan field maujud existing medan perang battlefield maun herbivorous megah proud; conceited maung unpleasant in smell or taste Mei May maut death meja

193

table memerang otter; beaver

mekar to blossom or bloom

mempelai bridegroom; bride

melaka a type of tree with edible fruit

mempelam mango

melarat destitute; needy

menang melati

to win jasmine menantu son-in-law; daughter-in-law

Melayu Malay

menara meleset

tower; minaret not precise; not to the point; irrelevant; nonspecific mendak sediment

melukut broken rice grains mendap to settle as a sediment melulu hasty mendapan sedimentation melur jasmine mendiang the late memang of course; naturally mendung overcast; cloudy memar contusion; bruise

194

merah

mengah

red

breathless; dyspneic

mengkal half-ripe

merah jambu pink

mentadak praying mantis

merah lembayung magenta

mentah

merah manggis maroon

(1)raw; uncooked; unprocessed (2)immature; inexperienced

merak peacock or peahen

mentang-mentang just because merana

to languish; to live miserably or in ill-health

mentega butter merbah

thrush

menteri minister merbuk

turtle dove

mentimun cucumber mercu

peak; summit; climax

mentua father or mother-in-law mercun

fire-crackers

mentul bulb

menung to ponder; to contemplate

merdeka independent; free

merdu melodious

195

mesti must mereka they; them; their mestika jewel; bezoar mergastua wild animals of the forest mesyuarat meeting meriah hilarious; joyful; happy meterai official seal meriam cannon mewah luxurious merinyu inspector or supervisor mi noodles merosot in deteriorated condition miang itchy merpati dove; pigeon milik to own; to possess mersik shrill; piercing (of sound) mimbar rostrum; pulpit Mesir of Egypt mimpi dream meskipun although; in spite of minat interest; enthusiasm; liking mesra amicable; hospitable; friendly; close minggu

196

week misai mingguan weekly

moustache

misal minta

example to ask; to beg; to request miskin

minum

poor to drink modal

minuman a drink

minuman keras liquor; alcoholic drink

capital

moga-moga may it be

mogok minuman ringan soft drink

a strike

mogok lapar hunger strike

minyak oil; fat; petroleum

mohon minyak sapi ghee

to apply

mohor minyak tanah kerosene

official seal

molek miring

pretty; attractive; lovely oblique; slanting; to tilt momok

mirip

ghost; evil spirit; something causing fear to resemble

197

having sufficient capacity

mongel beautiful; attractive muatan

cargo; load

montel plump and healthy

muazam majesty

montok chubby; plump

muazin summoner to prayer

monyet monkey

mubaligh preacher; missionary

moyang great-grandparent

muda young; not ripe

mu you; abbreviation of `kamu' mudah

easy; convenient

muafakat agreement

mudah-mudahan hopefully; perhaps

muak nauseated; sated

mudarat harmful; detrimental

mual nausea

mudik to go upstream

mualim religious teacher muflis

bankrupt

muara estuary mufti muat

Muslim religious expert

198

mukah fornication Muharam first month of Muslim calendar mukim district muhibah goodwill mukjizat miracle mujarab efficacious; effective (of medicine) muktamad definitive; final mujur luckily; fortunately muktamar conference; congress muka face mula beginning; to begin muka depan front page mulai to start muka-muka insincere mula-mula at first; first of all muka pintu doorway mulas colic muka selamba poker face mulia noble; distinguished; honourable; respectable muka surat page mulur ductile muka tebal thick-skinned mulut

199

mouth

mulut manis sweet-tongued

mulut murai chatterbox

mungkin possible; maybe; perhaps

mungkir to breach or default

munsyi mumbang green unripe coconut

language teacher

muntah munafik hypocrite

to vomit

murah munasabah credible; reasonable; suitable

cheap

murah hati generous

muncul to emerge; to appear

murai muncung muzzle; snout; beak; spout

magpie

muram mundar-mandir walk to and fro

gloomy; dismal; glum

murid mundur to retreat; to recede; backward or underdeveloped

pupil; student

murka wrathful; angry mungil small and cute murni clean; pure; genuine mungkar to disobey; to deny; sinful

200

murtad apostate

mustajab effective (of medicine)

murung depressed

musuh

musafir traveller

Musytari Jupiter

civet-cat

mutakhir modern; the latest

season

mutiara pearl

musang

musim

enemy; foe

muslihat trick; stratagem

mutlak

Muslim

mutu

absolute; complete; categorical

quality

one who believes and follows the teachings of Islam

Muslimat Muslim women

muzakarah discussion nabi prophet

musnah to destroy; destructible

nada tone; intonation

mustahak important

nadi pulse

mustahil impossible; incredible

nafas breath

201

bernafas: to breathe pernafasan: respiration nak want nafi deny menafikan: to deny penafian: denial

nakal naughty kenakalan: naughtiness

nafkah maintenance; livelihood; subsistence; alimony nakhoda captain nafsu lust; intense desire naluri instinct naga dragon nama (1) name (2) reputation nahas

nama samaran: pseudonym nama timang-timangan: nickname bernama: named menamai: to name menamakan: to name kenamaan: respectable; noble penama: person who nominates ternama: famous namaan: nominal; in name only

mishap; misfortune; disaster

nahu grammar

naib deputy

nampak catch sight of; see nampaknya: it seems; apparently menampakkan: to display ternampak: visible; seen

naik ascend; rise; climb; ride naik angin: bad mood naik darah: bad temper naik gila: driven mad kenaikan: an increase; a rise menaiki: to climb on; to ride on or in menaikkan: to raise

namun yet; still

nanah pus

najis excrement; faeces; filth

202

nanas

natijah pineapple

nangka

result; consequence; conclusion

naung jackfruit

aegis; patronage

wait; later

naungan: protection; shade; shelter; patronage bernaung: sheltered; shaded menaungi: to shelter; to shade; to protect penaung: patron; guardian; protector

nanti menanti: to wait for menantikan: to wait for penantian: a state of waiting ternanti-nanti: keep waiting with hope

nasab

nazak moribund

nazar lineage of ancestors or descendants

vow menazarkan: to vow bernazar: to vow

nasi cooked rice nazir school inspector nasib chance; luck; fate; destiny bernasib baik: lucky

negara country; kingdom negarawan: statesman memiliknegarakan: nationalise pemiliknegaraan: nationalisation

nasihat advice menasihati: to advise menasihatkan: to advise penasihat: adviser

negeri country; state kenegerian: state consciousness

naskhah copy (of a book, etc); manuscript nekad determined Nasrani Christian; Eurasian

203

nelayan

gnawing pain fisherman nguak

nenek

bray like a donkey grandmother nenenda: grandmother (usually in letterwriting)

niaga trade berniaga: to trade memperniagakan: to trade; to barter peniaga: trader perniagaan: a business or trade

neraca a kind of weighing apparatus with hanging pans

neraka hell

niat intention; wish berniat: to have an intention terniat: intended

nescaya certainly nikah

marriage

nganga open the mouth wide

bernikah: married menikahi: to marry menikahkan: to give in marriage pernikahan: marriage; wedding

menganga: to open the mouth wide mengangakan: to open the mouth wide ternganga: wide open

nikmat

ngeri appalling; eerie; horrifying; terrible

enjoyment; pleasure; bliss

mengerikan: frightening; terrifying

kenikmatan: pleasure; enjoyment; comfort; delight menikmati: to enjoy

ngiang buzzing sound (in the mind)

nila blue dye; indigo

ngiau mew (of a cat) mengiau: to mew (of a cat)

ngilu

nilai value bernilai: valued; worth menilaikan: to evaluate or assess penilaian: assessment; evaluation

204

menodai: to stain; to disgrace ternoda: stained nilam sapphire noktah full stop nipah a type of palm nombor number nombor ganjil: odd number nombor genap: even number bernombor: numbered

nipis thin

nirinsani dehumanize

nona miss; maam buah nona: sweet-sop

nirwana state of perfect bliss nota note nisan gravestone November November nisbah ratio nujum prophet; fortune-teller niskala having no material or physical substance; abstract

nusa motherland; fatherland

nista insult; abuse

Nusantara Malay archipelago

nobat Malay royal band

nya his; her; its

noda spot of dirt; stain

nyah

205

go away!; get away!

nyaring piercing and shrill (of sound)

nyahcas release the electric charge of

nyaris almost; nearly

nyahjangkit disinfect

nyata apparent; evident; clear; concrete kenyataan: notice; statement menyatakan: to state penyata: statement; report pernyataan: explanation; statement; announcement ternyata: obvious; clear; defined

nyahpecutan deceleration

nyala flame bernyala: ignited menyala: to flare up; to ignite menyalakan: to kindle nyalaan: ignition

nyaman fresh; pleasant (of atmosphere, food)

nyawa life bernyawa: alive; living; animate persenyawaan: fertilisation

nyenyak sound asleep

menyamankan: to refresh; to enliven penyaman udara: air-conditioner nyiru triangular tray made from bamboo nyamuk mosquito nyiur coconut nyanyi singing nyanyian: singing bernyanyi: to sing menyanyi: to sing menyanyikan: to sing for penyanyi: singer

nyonya term used for married Chinese lady

nyunyut suck nyanyuk dotage; senility with feeble mind

obor torch

206

by; because of

oceh talk rapidly; jabber; chatter

beroleh: to get; to obtain memperoleh: to obtain; to acquire; to achieve perolehan: earnings; gains

mengoceh: to chatter ocehan: jabbering talk

oleng

ogah hookah

sway; rock

August

olok-olok jest; joke; make fun

Ogos

ombak

oh

wave

exclamation of delight, pain or emphasis

berombak: wavy oi a shout for attention

omel grouse; grumble mengomel: to grumble

Oktober October omong

chatter; empty talk

olah attitude; manner olah-olah: playfully seolah-olah: as if; as though memperolahkan: to make fun of; to play a joke on

olahraga athletic (adj.); athletics (noun) olahragawan: male athlete olahragawati: female athlete

onar commotion; uproar

onde-onde sweet dumpling of flour and coconut

ongkos cost; expenditure mengongkosi: to pay the expenditure; to finance

olakan convection; eddy ooh oleh

exclamation of surprise, pleasure or pain

207

at; on; in; to; according to opah grandmother

padah omen; warning

orang person or people orang rumah: wife orang-orangan: puppet; scarecrow keseorangan: lonely; alone perseorangan: individual seorangan: alone seseorang: somebody

oren orange

otak brain; mind

padam to extinguish; to put off; to switch off; to rub off

padan matched; fitting; suited

padanan suitability;

padang field

otak udang: stupid berotak: brainy; clever padang pasir desert otot muscle padat

pacak

compact; packed; dense

to erect a pointed pole in the ground

paderi

pacal

priest

I; me (when addressing royalty)

padi

pacat

rice-plant; rice-grain with its husk

land (or jungle) leech

padu

pacul

(1)solid (2)united

(1)hoe (2)to appear suddenly

pada

paduka excellency; majesty

208

pak father; uncle pagar fence pakcik uncle pagi morning pakai to wear; to use pagi-pagi early in the morning pakaian clothes pagut to peck (of bird) pakaian seragam uniform paha thigh pakal to caulk pahala reward; merit pakar expert; specialist pahat chisel pakar runding consultant pahit bitter pakat to agree; to conspire pahlawan hero; warrior pakatan pact; agreement; treaty; conspiracy pajak lease pakis fern pajak gadai pawnshop paksa

209

to force; to compel palung paksaan compulsion

pool; trough

palut paksi

wrapping; covering axis pamah

paku

lowlands nail; ferns paman

pala

uncle nutmeg pamer

palam

to exhibit (1)grout (2)plug pameran exhibition

palang crossbar

pampang to spread out; to stretch out

paling (1)the most; extremely (2)to turn away

pampas palit

compensation to smear; to smudge pampasan compensation

palsu false

panah palu

bow (for shooting arrows) to hit; to beat panahan archery

paluan a knock; a blow

210

fishing hook; to fish

panas hot; feverish pancit

a puncture

panas terik very hot; blistering; scorching

panas-panas hot

pancung to behead

pancungan decapitation

panau pityriasis versicolor (a type of skin disease)

pancur to spurt out; to spout; to flow

panca five pancut

to gush out; to spurt

pancalogam an alloy of five metals

pancaindera the five senses

pancutan a spurt; an ejection

pandai clever; intelligent

pancang pole or stake driven into the ground

pandang to look; to consider

pancar to gush out; to radiate; to broadcast; to emit

pancaran spout; broadcast; emission; beam or ray

pancaragam band or orchestra

pandangan opinion; view

pandang-memandang to exchange looks or glances

pandir pancing

stupid

211

pangkas to clip or cut pandu to guide; to drive; to pilot pangkat rank panduan guidance; directory pangkin bunk pandu puteri girl guide pangku (1)to take on one's lap (2)to hold office in an acting capacity panggang to roast; to toast; roasted pangkuan the lap panggil to call panglima warrior; commander panggilan a call; a summon; name or title pangsa compartment; section (of fruit) panggung theatre; stage pangsapuri apartment panggung wayang cinema panitia commission; committee pangkah a cross; to put a cross panjang long pangkal beginning; base panjang akal resourceful; intelligent pangkalan base; jetty

212

panjangnya length papa kedana destitute panjat to climb papah supported; to support panji-panji bunting; streamer papan plank pantai beach; coast papan catur chess-board pantang prohibition; abstinence; to abstain papan hitam blackboard pantang larang prohibition; taboo papan iklan billboard pantas fast; quick; swift papan kenyataan notice-board pantat posterior or bottom; external genitalia papar flat pantul to bounce back; to bound; to spring papas (1)to take off; to strip off (2)to counteract pantulan reflex; rebound para prefix denoting large numbers or large amount pantun quatrain para-para rack; shelf papa very poor

213

(1)pair; set (2)to install; to affix; to fasten (3)to rise (of tide)

parah serious; critical (of illness or injury)

chopping-knife

pasangan couple

face; level

pasang badan to dress up

hoarse (of voice)

pasang telinga to eavesdrop

parang

paras

parau

pasar

pari

market

ray; skate

pari-pari fairy

pasar borong wholesale market

parit

pasar gelap black market

ditch; drain

paru-paru lung

pasar malam night market

paruh

pasaraya supermarket

(1)bill; beak (2)half

pasir

parut

sand

(1)scar (2)to grate or scrape

pasti

pasak

definite; certain; sure

pin; peg; wedge

pasang

pasu flower-pot; vase

214

pasu-pasu cheek bones

patung-patung dragon-fly

pasukan team; unit of troops

patut

pasung

paus

fair; reasonable; right and proper; appropriate

pillory; handcuffs

patah

whale

paut (1)broken (of long objects); fracture (2)numeral coefficient for words

patah hati broken-hearted

to hold on tightly; to cling on

pawagam cinema; theatre

pawah pateri

sharing of profits between tenant and landlord solder pawang

pati

Malay witch doctor essence; extract paya

patik

swamp I; me (used when talking to royal person) paya bakau mangrove swamp

patuh obedient

payah patuk

difficult to peck; to bite (of snake) payau

patung

brackish statue; dummy; doll; idol

215

to bother about; to mind; to care

payung umbrella pegaga

a kind of creeping plant

pecah to break pegang

to hold; to control

pecahan fraction

pegangan a hold; something that is held

pecat to dismiss

pegawai officer

pecut to accelerate

peguam lawyer

pedang sword

peguambela advocate; barrister

pedap to imbibe or absorb

peguamcara solicitor

pedas hot (of chillies and curry); caustic

pegun (1)petrified (2)silent in meditation

pedati caravan; cart; carriage pejal

solid; firm

pedih smarting; sorrowful

pedoman compass; guide

pejalwapan condensation

pejam peduli

to close or shut (of eyes)

216

pelanduk mouse-deer peka sensitive pelangi rainbow pekak deaf pelantar long bench; landing on stairs pekan town; marketplace pelanting to scatter pekap to cover (mouth or ears) with the hand pelat faulty pronunciation; dialect; accent pekasam fish or meat pickled in brine pelawa to invite pekat thick or concentrated (of liquid) pelawaan invitation pekerti character; disposition pelbagai assorted; variety pekik to scream pelecok to sprain pelamin bridal dais pelekat gum; glue pelampung float; buoy pelepah rib of palm leaf; rib of feather; frond of palm tree pelana saddle

217

pelesir to gallivant pena pen (writing device) pelihara to rear; to take care of penat tired peliharaan that which is being reared penawar antidote pelik strange; queer pencak self-defence; to parry pelita lamp pencil to isolate pelopor pioneer pendam to hide or conceal (of feelings, emotions, secrets)

pelosok corner; nook (of country)

pendaman something that is concealed

peluang chance; opportunity

pendek peluh

short sweat; perspiration pendekar warrior; expert in Malay art of self-defence

peluk to embrace; to hug

pendita pelukan a hug

great scholar

pengantin bride; bridegroom

peluru bullet

218

pengaruh influence; authority

penting

penggal

penuh

important

(1)term (2)paragraph; chapter; volume (3)to behead

full

penyek penggawa village headman

flattened

penyu penghulu village headman

pengsan unconscious; to faint

turtle

pepatah saying; maxim; proverb

perabot pening

furniture dizzy; giddy; feeling confused perah

pening-pening lalat slightly dizzy

to wring; to squeeze

perahan juice; that which has been squeezed out

peniti safety pin

perahu penjara

boat jail; prison

penjuru corner; angle

perajurit soldier

perak pentas

silver stage

219

peras

peraka

to extort; to extract

a ship's hold

perasan

peram

aware of; conscious of

to keep fruit till ripe

peran clown; jester

perawan maiden; virgin girl

peranan role

perca

Perancis French

percaya

perang

percik

remnants of cloth

to believe

to sprinkle

(1)war (2)brown

peperangan war

percuma (1)free of charge (2)in vain (of time or effort)

perangai behaviour; character; nature; disposition

perdana premier; principal; prime

perangkap trap

perdu

peranjat startled; shocked; surprised

perempuan female; woman; girl

perap

perencah something used to add taste to a dish

(1)to flap (wings) (2)to lock oneself up in the house

base of tree trunk

perenggan (1)boundary (2)paragraph

220

periksa to examine; to check; to investigate pergi to go perinci to describe in great detail peri nature; manner (of feelings, situations) peringkat grade; stage peri-peri fairy perintah command; order peria bitter gourd perisai a shield peribadi private; personal peristiwa incident; event; happening peribahasa proverb perit painful peribumi native periuk cooking pot perigi well perkakas instrument; tool; apparatus; equipment perigi buta disused well perkara matter perihal matters; situation perkasa strong; brave; powerful perikemanusiaan humanity; compassion perkosa

221

(1)brave; strong (2)to force; to rape perosok perkosaan the act of forcing or raping

to sink or slip into

persegi perlahan slow

square

pertama first

perli to tease

perut perlu

stomach necessary: must perwira

permai

hero; warrior beautiful; magnificent; wonderful pesan

permaidani carpet

permaisuri queen

message; order

pesanan message; order

pesat permata jewel

quick; rapid (of development)

pesawat machine

pernah to (ever) have

pesisir peroi

beach; shore friable pesona

peronyok to crumple (of paper)

a spell or charm

222

refrigerator

pesong to change direction or course

peti surat post-box

pesta festival

petik (1)to pluck (2)to quote

pesuruhjaya commissioner petikan

quotation

peta map petola

loofah

petah eloquent; fluent petir

thunder

petai stinking edible green pod petua

advice; ruling

petak compartment; section piagam

charter; constitution

petala layer; stratum; storey piala

cup

petaling small hardwood tree piat

to twist

petang afternoon; evening piatu

orphan

peti box; casket; case piawai peti sejuk

correct; precise; accurate; exact; standard

223

picagari syringe

pilihan

picing

pilihanraya general election

to blink; to wink; to close the eyes

picit

choice; selection

pilu to press; to squeeze; to pinch

pidato

sad; sorrowful; mournful

pimpin speech; lecture; talk

pihak side; party

pijak

to lead; to guide

pimpinan leadership

pinang to step on

pijat

(1)areca-nut (2)to propose (for marriage)

pinar bed-bug

pikat

glowing; shimmering

pincang to trap; to tempt; to attract

pikul

(1)lame (2)unbalanced (of music)

pinda (1)a unit of weight (=133lbs.) (2)to carry on the shoulder

to alter; to amend; to correct

pindaan amendment

pilin to twist or wind

pindah pilih

to move or shift from one place to another to choose; to select; to elect

224

coast

pindah milik transfer of ownership pinggul

buttocks; hip

pindah tangan change of hands pinjam

to borrow

pindahan a transfer

pinjaman loan

pinga astounded; stunned

pinta to ask for; to request

pingat medal pintal

to twist; to spin

pinggan plate; dish pintar

cunning; sharp-witted; smart; clever

pinggan mangkuk crockery pintas

to cut short; to intercept or interrupt; to cut across

pinggang waist

pinggir edge

pintasan short-cut

pinggir jalan roadside

pintu

pinggir kota suburbs

pipi

pinggir laut

pipih

door

cheek

thin and flat

225

pohon (1)tree (2)to apply; to beg; to request pipis to mash or grind pokok (1)tree (2)principle; capital pipit sparrow pondan transvestite piring saucer pondok hut; booth; shed piring hitam gramophone record ponteng (1)to play truant (2)to cheat; to swindle pisah to be separated pontianak female vampire pisang banana porak-peranda chaotic; in disorder pisau knife potong a piece; a slice; to cut pita ribbon; tape potongan the cut (of clothes) pitam dizziness prakata foreword piutang credit; monies receivable pramugara air-steward plumbum lead (metal) pramugari

226

air-stewardess puding prasangka prejudice; suspicion

an ornamental shrub

puisi prasejarah prehistorical

poetry

puja prestasi

to worship; to adore performance pujangga author; literary person

puak group; tribe

puji puaka

to praise evil spirit pujian

puan

a compliment or praise (1)lady; Mrs (2)plate for betel-leaf pujuk

puas

to coax;to persuade; to entice satisfied; contented pujukan persuasion; enticement

puasa fast

pukal pucat

lump; block pale pukang

pucuk

crotch (1)a shoot or sprout (2)numeral coefficient for letter or gun pukat dragnet (for fishing)

pudar dim (of light); faded

227

pun

pukau

also

charm used (by burglars) to make people fall asleep punah

to destroy

pukul (1)to beat or hit (2)hour punai

pigeon; dove

pula again; also; yet; too punat

(1)button (2)core of a boil

pulang to go back; to return punca

source; origin

pulangan the act of returning puncak

peak; summit; acme

pulang kerahmatullah to die

pundi-pundi purse

pulas to twist; to wring

pundi-pundi kencing urinary bladder

pulau (1)island (2)to boycott

punggah to unload

pulih to recover; to restore

pungguk Malayan hawk owl

puluh ten

punggung buttocks; back; hips

pulut glutinous rice

pungut to pick; to collect; to harvest

228

purdah veil pungutan collection puri castle; palace; city puntal coiled; wound up purnama full moon puntung butt (e.g. of cigarette); stump pusaka heirloom; heritage punya to have; to possess; to own pusar to revolve pupu degree of kinship pusaran rotation pupuk to manure; to nurture pusara cemetary; graveyard pupus extinct pusat centre; navel pura-pura pretending pusing to rotate; to revolve purata average pusingan rotation; a round purba ancient puspa flower purbakala ancient times pustaka

229

book puyu pustakawan librarian

whirlwind

puyuh putar

quail to rotate qada an action performed as a replacement

putaran rotation qari a male Koran reader putera prince qariah a female Koran reader puteri princess Quran Koran (sacred book of Muslims) putih white; fair

putih kuning cream-coloured

putik

raba to grope; to touch; to fondle

rabak large tear; ragged; tattered

newly-formed fruit; pistil

Rabiulakhir fourth month of the Muslim calendar

nipple; teat

Rabiulawal third month of the Muslim calendar

puting

puting beliung whirlwind; tornado

putus to break off; to finish

rabik torn; tattered; ripped

rabit torn at the edge

230

radas apparatus Rabu Wednesday raden title of Javanese nobility rabuk tinder raga (1) basket (2) a kind of rattan ball (3) to show off rabun poor eyesight ragam (1) manner; way (2) bad behaviour (3) melody; tune (4) united; faithful

rabun dekat long-sightedness

ragi rabun jauh short-sightedness

yeast

ragu-ragu doubtful; dubious; suspicious

rabung ridge of a roof

ragum racik

pincer; clamp cut into thin slices ragut

racikan

to grab; to snatch finely cut slices

rahang racun

jaw poison rahim

radak

(1) womb (2) merciful (of God) to stab

rahmat radang

blessing; mercy (bestowed by God) angry

231

to sulk; to bicker

rahmati blessed rakam

to record

rahsia secret

rakaman a recording

rai to entertain; to celebrate

rakan friend; companion; comrade

raih to buy up for resale rakit

raft

raja king raksa

mercury

Raja Muda crown prince raksasa

giant;demon

raja sehari bridegroom rakus

greedy

rajah diagram; chart rakyat

people; public; citizen

rajau unripe rice-stalks left at reaping ralat rajawali sparrow-hawk

mistake; error

rama-rama butterfly

rajin hardworking; industrious; diligent

rajuk

Ramadan ninth month of the Muslim calendar (the fasting month)

232

rampas to confiscate; to seize; to capture; to hijack ramah friendly; cordial; amiable ramping slim; slender (of waist) ramai many (of people) rampok to burgle ramal to predict; to forecast ramu to collect all sorts of material ramalan prediction ramuan ingredients ramas to knead ranap to flatten out; to level to the ground rambang random; uncertain (of feelings, aim, etc.) rancak lively rambang mata flirtatious; having a roving eye rancang to plan; to prepare rambu-rambu fringes; tassels rancangan a plan rambut hair randuk to wade rami jute; hemp rang (1) a draft; a sketch (2) fallow (of land) rampai mixed; various rang undang-undang

233

bill (in Parliament) rantai rangka

chain; series; sequence skeleton; outline rantai leher necklace

rangkai (1) a bunch; a bundle; a cluster (2) a unit of length

rantai tangan bracelet rangkak to crawl rantaian connected series or sequence rangkap link lines of a verse; two-fold rantau bay; creek; region; colony rangking a type of large basket with lid ranting twig rangkul to embrace ranum over-ripe (of fruit) rangkum to embrace; to cuddle; to enclose; to include rapat close; intimate; compact rangsang stimulus rapi neat; orderly rangup brittle; crisp rapuh fragile; brittle; friable ranjang iron bed-stead rasa (1) feeling; emotion (2) taste (3) opinion ranjau mantrap; booby-trap

234

to wail or moan aloud

rasi compatible; suitable

raungan loud weeping or wailing

rasmi official; formal

raup two handfuls; to scoop up with both hands

rasuah bribe raut

to pare

rasuk possessed (by evil spirits); obsessed rawak

at random

rasul messenger of God; prophet rawan

(1) anxious (2) numeral coefficient for articles made of cord

rata flat; level; even

rawat

ratap

to nurse

to grieve; to wail

ratapan grief

rawatan treatment; medical care

raya

ratna

large; main; principle; great

jewel

rayap

ratu

to creep; to crawl

queen

rayau

ratus

to roam; to wander

hundred

raung

rayu to appeal; to plead; to request

235

rayuan

redah an appeal; a plea

to take a direct way through (e.g. a forest, desert, flood, etc.)

rebah to collapse

redaksi editorial

rebak to spread (for fire, news, epidemic)

redup obscured; clouded; gloomy

reban a fowl's pen

regang taut; tight; stretched

rebas drizzle

regu team; gang; group; pair

rebung bamboo shoot

rehat rest

rebus boiled

reja scraps; leftovers

rebut to snatch; to seize; to grab; to scramble for something

recih

Rejab the seventh month of the Muslim calendar

rejam remnants; small change

recik

to stone to death

reka to sprinkle

reda (1) to decrease in intensity; to subside (2) willing; consenting

to invent; to create; to design; to compose

reka bentuk the design

236

rembesan secretion rekaan invention remeh-temeh unimportant; trivial; petty rekah to split or crack rempah spices rekahan a split, fissure or crack rempak (1) chipped (2) united rekat to glue together rempang-lempung injured; tattered rela willing rempuh to storm at; to stampede relau furnace rempuhan a stampede remah crumb remuk to smash; to shatter remaja adolescent remuk hati broken-hearted remang fine body hair remuk-redam smashed; crushed rembat (1) whip (2) trap renang to swim rembes secrete; ooze rencah

237

seasoning; condiment; flavouring rentang rencana

to stretch tight; to spread along article; feature; story rentap

rencat

to pull violently; to snatch stunted; retarded rentas

renda

to take a short cut lace rentetan sequence; series

rendah low

renung rendam

to stare; to gaze; to ponder to soak

rendang food fried in coconut oil

renungan the act of staring or gazing; contemplation

renyai renek

drizzle small and short renyuk

renggang far apart

to crumple

renyuk-renyik crumpled

rengus grumpy; sullen

repek renjis

to talk nonsense sprinkle; scatter reput

rentak

rotten; decayed rhythm; beat

238

happy; cheerful; merry

resah fidgety; restless; uneasy riba

(1) hold on one's lap (2) interest on money lent

resam custom; tradition ribu

thousand

resap to penetrate into; to seep into; to diffuse into ribut

violent; storm

restu blessing ridip

dorsal fin of a fish

retak to crack rimas

uneasy (because of heat, etc.)

retakan a crack rimba

forest; jungle

retas to rip open rimbun

dense; thick (of hair, foliage, etc.)

rezeki livelihood; luck rinci

specify in details

ria jovial; joyful; cheerful rindu

to long for; to yearn for

riadah exercise; recreation

rindu dendam passionate longing

riak (1) ripple on the water (2) vain; proud

ringan riang

light (in weight)

239

rintihan a groan or moan ringan mulut friendly rintik speckle; spot ringan tangan helpful person rintik-rintik drizzle ringan tulang hardworking rintis to clear a way; to open up; to pioneer Ringgit Malaysia Malaysian currency risalah pamphlet ringkas brief; concise risau worried ringkasan summary risik to make discreet inquiries ringkasnya briefly; in short riuh noisy ringkuk to bend or stoop; to crouch riwayat story; tale rintang to block with a barricade riwayat hidup biography rintangan barricade; obstacle robek to tear or rip rintih to moan; to groan (in pain) roboh

240

to collapse rombakan a reshuffle

roda wheel

to stab

rombong (1) large basket made of palm leaves (2) to form a group

to rape

rombongan a group (of travellers)

rodok

rogol

roh

rompak spirit; soul

rohani spirituality

to rob

rompakan robbery

rohaniah spiritual

rompong damaged at the tip; mutilated (of ear, nose, etc.)

rojak

ronda salad of mixed vegetables taken with sauce

rokok

to patrol

rongak cigarette

roma

gap (in teeth, fence)

rongga fine body hair

roman

cavity; hollow space

a person's looks or appearance

ronggeng a dance (for couples)

to demolish; to reshuffle

rongkong throat

rombak

241

ruang waktu time frame ronta to struggle; to resist ruap to boil over; to bubble or foam over; to evaporate rosak damaged; spoilt ruas the section between two joints; internode rosot decline; deteriorate; diminish rugi to suffer a loss rotan rattan; cane ruji staple food; basic; main roti bread rujuk to refer ruam rash rujukan reference ruam panas prickly heat rukun pillar; basic principle ruam saraf shingles rumah house ruang a space; a room rumah tangga household ruangan column rumbia sago-palm ruang makan dining-room

242

Rumi Roman rungutan a complaint rumit difficult runsing worried rumpai weed runtuh to collapse rumpair a kind of sea plant; alga runtun to drag; to pull violently rumpun a clump; a cluster runtunan series rumput grass rupa appearance; form rumus formula rupa kata adverb runcing tapered; pointed; sharp rupa nama adjective runcit retail rupanya apparently runding to discuss; to negotiate rupawan beautiful rundingan discussion; negotiation rusa deer rungut to grumble; to complain

243

rusa senggerik unicorn

sabungan cock-fighting

rusuh

sabung-menyabung flashing (of lighting)

to create trouble

rusuhan a riot; a rebellion

sabut

rusuk

sadai

husk

(1)side; flank; edge (2)rib

stranded; beached (of boat)

saat second (time); moment sadap to tap a palm tree for its juice saban every saderi celery sabar patient; calm sadur metallic plating or coating sabda saying; verbal expression saga a type of red seed sabit sickle sagat to grate; to scrape Sabtu Saturday sagu sago sabun soap sah authentic; genuine; legal sabung to fight (of cocks) sahabat

244

friend

sahaja

to serve (food)

sajian only; merely; just

saham

a dish

sakat a share

sahih true; valid; sure; certain

sahsiah

to make fun of; to tease

saki-baki remainder; balance

sakit personality

sahur

ill; pain; painful

pre-dawn meal in the Muslim fasting month

sakit hati annoyed

to answer a call

saksama just; impartial; fair

sahut

sahutan

saksi an answer; a response

saing

witness

sakti compete; companion bersaing: to compete; in the company of; side by side pesaing: competitor; rival saingan: competition; rivalry menyaingi: to compete with; to rival; to accompany

supernatural power

saku pocket

salah (1)wrong (2)guilty; at fault

sajak poem salai saji

to roast; to dry over a fire

245

saliran drainage salak to bark salji snow salam peace; greetings salur to lead or channel into salang a method of execution saluran a channel salangkan even if salur darah blood vessel salasilah genealogy; pedigree salur kencing urethra salib cross for crucifixion salur mani vas deferens salih pious; virtuous salur nadi artery salin (1)to change clothes (2)to give birth salut to coat; to enwrap salinan a copy salut bunga calyx saling mutual sama same; together salir to flow off; to drain away samak

246

tannin sampah samar

rubbish; garbage; litter dim; vague; obscure sampah sarap garbage of all sorts

sambal spicy condiment

sampai sambar

(1)to reach; to arrive (2)till; until to swoop down and seize; to snatch sampai hati to have the heart to do something

sambil while; simultaneously

sampan sambilan part-time; subsidiary

sambil lalu incidentally; by the way

sambung to fasten or join together; to continue

small boat

samping side; flank

sampingan a by product

sampuk sambungan continuation; connection; extension

to interfere; to interrupt; to intervene

sampul sambut

envelope; wrapper; cover to welcome; to receive; to celebrate or observe

sambutan reception; welcome; response; celebration

samseng gangster; hooligan

samudera ocean; sea

sami Buddhist monk

247

to support

samun to rob

sanggah-menyanggah to oppose; to protest against

sana there

sanak saudara relatives

sanggama union; confederation

sanggul coiffure; knot of hair

sandang shoulder-strap

sanggup willing; ready; able; capable

sandar to lean on; to rely on; to depend on

sangka to presume; to expect; to guess

sandar-menyandar to depend on one another

sandaran prop; support; maintenance

sanding near; close; adjacent

sangkaan presumption; conjecture; guess; imagination; expectation

sangkak to hinder; to obstruct; to impede

sandiwara stageplay; concert

sangkal

sang honorific epithet

sangkalan denial

very; extremely

sangkar cage

sangat

sangga

(1)to deny (2)handle (of hammer)

sangkut stuck; attached

248

sapaan greeting; salutation sangkut-paut involved; implicated sapi cow or bull sangsi to doubt; to be suspicious sapu to wipe; to sweep; to rub gently sanjung to praise; to flatter; to adulate sapu tangan handkerchief sanjungan flattery; adulation sara pension; allowance santai relaxation sara hidup livelihood santan coconut milk saraf nerve santap to eat and drink (of royalty); to dine saran to suggest; to propose santapan food; dishes; meal saranan suggestion; proposal; propaganda santun well-mannered sarang nest; web sanubari heart; emotions sarap to have breakfast sapa to greet; to speak to; to address sarapan

249

breakfast sasterawan male scholar

sarat heavily loaded

saribunga corolla; petals

sasterawati female scholar

sasul saring

overshot; gone too far to filter; to refine; to sift; to sieve; to purify satah

saringan refinement; preliminary rounds of contest

plane; flat; level

satu sarjana

one scholar

sarjana muda bachelor's degree

satu-satu one by one

satu-satunya the only one

sarung sarong; sheath; cover; wrapper

saudagar merchant; trader

sasa strong; sturdy

saudara brother or sister; relative; comrade

sasar eccentric; odd; confused; crazy

saudara-mara relatives in general

sasaran target

saudari sastera

female relative or friend literature

250

sad; melancholic

sauh anchor sayup

very faintly visible or audible

saujana spacious; extensive

sayup-sayup vague; indistinct

sauk a scoop

sayur vegetable

sawah rice-field

sayur-sayuran variety of vegetables

sawan fits; epilepsy

sayur-mayur variety of vegetables

sawang cobweb

se one; same; a; an

sawat belt sebab

reason; cause; because

saya I; my; me

sebab-musabab reason

sayang love; affection

sebak to shed tears; choked

sayap wing sebal

resentful; disillusioned; dissatisfied

sayat to slice sebar sayu

to spread; to distribute; to disseminate

251

sebaran

sedar seed

sebat

conscious; aware

to whip; to cane; to steal

sedekah alms

whipping; caning

sederhana moderate; average; medium; simple

sebatan

sebaya

sedia similar (of age, looks)

ready; prepared; willing

seberang opposite side (of river, road); across

sediakala immemorial; old; of long past

sebu

sedih choked (of nose); full (of stomach)

sebut

sad; sorrowful

sedu to utter; to mention; to say; to pronounce

sebutan expression; utterance; pronunciation

sedak

sobbing

sedu-sedan sobbing

sedut to choke; to hiccup

sedang

to inhale; to suck up

sedutan (1)to be in the process of; while (2)medium (size); average; sufficient

inhalation; suction

segak sedap

smart-looking; chic; elegant; stylish pleasant (of taste, smell); nice (of voice); tasty; delicious

252

equilateral triangle

segala all; entire; whole; every

segala-galanya everything

sejahtera peaceful

sejak since

segan shy; bashful sejarah

history

segan-silu bashful sejat

to evaporate

segar fresh sejuk

cool; cold

segar-bugar fit; like new

sekaligus all at once

segera without delay; urgent; quick

sekalipun although

segi aspect; angle; view; side; facet

sekam grain husk; chaff

segi empat square

segi tiga triangle

sekarang now

sekat to block; to obstruct

segi tiga sama kaki isosceles triangle sekatan segi tiga sama sisi

obstruction

253

selam to dive sekerap scrap selamat safe sekoi millet selamat datang welcome sekolah school selamat jalan goodbye; farewell sekongkol conspiracy selamat malam goodnight seksa to torture selamat pagi good morning seksaan suffering; torture selamba poker-faced; shameless sekutu partner; ally selang interval; pause sela interval; gap; opening selaput membrane seladang wild ox selaput mata cataract selak (1)a bolt (2)to pull out a garment selar branding iron selalu always Selasa

254

Tuesday selesa selasih

comfortable; leisure a type of plant selesai

selat

finished; settled; completed straits seleweng to divert; to deviate

selatan south

selia selawat

to inspect prayer for peace and prosperity selidik

selekeh

to investigate; to study; to do research stain; smudge selimut

selekoh

blanket curve; bend; twist selinap

selempang sash

selendang shawl

to sneak away

selindung to hide; to conceal; to take cover

seling selenggara to maintain; to look after; to keep in good condition

alternate

selingan interlude selera appetite; zest selirat confused selerak scattered

255

to smuggle

selisih difference; dispute; disagreement seluk

to put the hand in the pocket

selit to insert

selumbar wooden splinter

seliuh sprained

seluruh entire; whole

selok intricacy selusup

to penetrate; to infiltrate

selok-belok intricacy selut

mud

selongkar to ransack; to rummage semadi

(1)concentration (2)to bury

seloroh comical; joking; humorous semai

to sow; to plant seedlings

selsema a cold (medical)

semaian nursery; seedlings

seluar trousers; pants

semak seluar dalam underpants

selubung cover; veil

seludup

(1)bush; undergrowth (2)to check (3)to revise

semak-samun undergrowth of all kinds

semangat spirit; zest; enthusiasm; soul; vigour

256

sembarangan at random semangka watermelon sembelih to slaughter semarak splendour; excellence sembelihan slaughter; bloodshed semat a pin sembelit constipation; constipated semayam To reside; to sit; to rest (of rulers) sembilan nine sembah to worship; to idolize semboyan signal; alarm sembah salam good wishes sembuh to recover from ill-health sembahyang to worship; to pray sembul to protrude sembam to fall in a prone position or on one's face sembunyi to hide; to conceal sembang chatter sembur to spout; to spray; to sprinkle sembap to swell semenanjung peninsula sembarang arbitrary semenjak

257

since

semenjak itu ever since

sempurna complete; perfect

semua sementara temporary; while

sementara itu meanwhile

all

semuanya wholly; entirely

semut semerbak fragrant

ant

sen semesta

cent all; entire; the whole senak

semesta alam the whole universe

sempadan boundary

tight; feeling stuffed

senak perut indigestion; feeling of fullness in abdomen

senam sempang hyphen

to do physical exercise

senaman physical exercise

sempat having the time; early

senang sempena in conjunction with; in commemoration of

easy; comfortable; free (from care)

senapang gun

sempit narrow

258

a sting

senarai list sengau

nasal (of voice)

senda joke senget

slanting; inclining

sendat tight; close-fitting

sendawa to belch; to burp

sendeng slanting; sloping; leaning; askew

senggugut dysmenorrhoea

sengguk to nod

sengih to grin

sendi joint

sengihan a grin

sendiri alone; on one's own

sengit violent

sendiri-sendiri each; individually

sengkang a dash

senduk ladle

sengketa a dispute

sengaja purposely; intentionally

sengsara suffering; agony

sengal pain in the joints; rheumatism

seni sengat

(1)art; skill (2)fine

259

senonoh proper; decent; well-behaved seni bahasa fine language sentak to jerk; to pull suddenly seni bina architecture sental to rub; to scrub; to erase seni lukis art of painting or drawing sentap to tug; to pull sharply seni ukir sculpture senteng short or scanty (of clothes) seniman male actor sentiasa always seniwati actress sentosa peaceful; tranquil senja dusk; twilight sentuh to touch senjakala evening sentuhan contact senjata weapon; arms senyap quiet; silent senjata api firearms senyap-senyap quietly; without anybody's knowledge senjata berat artillery senyum

260

to smile

senyuman a smile

sepoi-sepoi gentle; mild

sepoi-sepoi bahasa soft breeze

sepah (1)to chew (of betel leaf) (2)scattered

sepuh sepak

gilt (1)to slap (2)to kick serabut

sepanduk banner; placard

fibre

serah separa

to surrender a section only serahan

separuh half; semi

something that is submitted

serai sepatu

lemon-grass shoe serak

sepatu besi horse-shoe

hoarse (of voice)

seram seperti

terrifying; frightful like; such as serambi verandah; porch

sepi quiet; desolate; deserted

serampang a harpoon

sepit tweezers; pincers; chopsticks

261

turban

serang boatswain serbu

to invade; to attack

serangan an attack; an assault

serangga insect

serbuan a raid; an attack

serbuk powder

Serani Eurasian

serempak coming suddenly and unexpectedly

serap to absorb

serentak simultaneously

serapan absorption

seret to drag

serapah a curse sergah

startling

seraya while; simultaneously

sergahan a snarl; act of startling

serba all

sergam conspicuous

serba aneka various; all sorts seri serba-serbi various sorts

serban

(1)splendour; brightness (2)royal honorific (3)a draw or tie (of a game)

Seri Paduka His Majesty

262

serigala wolf; jackal

serik

serpihan a chip; a fragment; a splinter

serta to discourage

sering often; frequently

(1)together with; along with (2)as soon as

serta-merta immediately

seringkali often; frequently

seru

seringai

seruan

to cry aloud; to exclaim; to call

a grin

serkap conical fish-trap

serkup

an exclamation

seruling flute

sesah conical coop

serlah

beat with a cane

sesak gleaming white against dark background; exposed

congested; tight; crowded; packed

sesal serong

regretful; repentant askew; crooked; unfaithful; insincere sesalan

seronok

repentance enjoyable; pleasant sesat

serpih

lost; gone astray a chip; a fragment; a splinter

263

useless; futile; in vain

sesuai suitable; appropriate siak

mosque caretaker

sesungut feeler; antenna sial

unlucky; unfortunate

seterika iron (for clothes)

siamang a gibbon

seteru enemy; foe

siang (1)daytime (2)to cut up and clean (meat or fish)

setia loyal; faithful

setiausaha secretary

setinggan squatter

siang hari daytime

siang-siang early

siap ready; prepared; finished; completed

sewa rent; lease

siap sedia ready; well-prepared

sewaan rental

siapa who; whose

sewa beli hire purchase siar

to stroll

sfera sphere siaran sia-sia

a broadcast

264

sihir magic; sorcery siasat to investigate sijil certificate siasatan investigative; investigation sikap demeanour; attitude siat to tear into small pieces; to shred sikat (1)a comb (2)a bunch (of bananas) sibuk busy siku elbow sibur-sibur dragon-fly siku-siku a set-square sidai to hang out (clothes) sila (1)please (2)to sit cross-legged sidang council; board; meeting silam the past sifar zero silang a cross sifat characteristic; feature; quality silap wrong; mistaken sifir an arithmetical table silau glitter; dazzle sihat healthy silih

265

alternate sinaran silu

a ray; a glow; a gleam; a glitter; illumination shy; bashful; timid sindir

simbah

to hint; to insinuate; to tease; to mock soaked; wet sindiran insinuation

simpan to keep; to store; to save (money)

singa simpanan savings

lion

singgah simpang junction

simpangan cross-roads

simpang-siur criss-crossing

to stop by on the way

singgahsana throne

singgung to insult; to offend

singkap simpul

to reveal; to expose; to lay open; to lift (skirt) a knot singkat

simpulan a knot; a bond

simpulan bahasa an idiom

short; brief

singkatan abbreviation

singkir sinar

to expel; dismiss a ray; a beam (of light)

266

remainder; leftovers

singsing to roll up (sleeves; trousers) sisi

side; edge

sini here sisih

to stay apart

sinis cynical sisik

scale (of fish)

sipi off target sisip

to insert

sipu shy; bashful sisipan

insertion

siput snail sisir

(1)to comb (2)a comb (of bananas)

siram to water siswa

undergraduate

sirap slightly raised sita

forfeited; confiscated

sirat netting; mesh sitaan

confiscation; confiscated goods

sirih betel leaf situ

there

sirip fin siul sisa

to whistle

267

sompek chipped siulan whistling sondol to butt with lowered head siuman recovered consciousness; sane songkok Malay male head-dress soal to question songsang upside down; inverted soalan a question sopan respectful; courteous; polite soal selidik questionaire sopan santun courtesy; politeness sodok to shovel sorak-sorai applause; cheering sogok a bribe sorakan applause; cheers sokong to support; to back up sore afternoon; early evening sokongan support; backing sorok to hide; to conceal solek make-up sorong to push forward; to shove; to urge sombong proud; conceited; snobbish sorot

268

(1)ray; beam (2)to review suasana sorotan

mood; atmosphere; situation; circumstances (1)glow; radiation (2)reflection; review suatu

sotong

one; a cuttlefish subahat

sua

accomplice to meet; to encounter; to join subang

suai

ear-ring; ear-stud suitable; fit; appropriate subuh

suai kenal orientation

dawn

subur suam

flourishing; healthy; fertile lukewarm; feverish suci

suami

chaste; pure; virtuous; holy husband sudah

suap

already; finished (1)to feed (2)to bribe sudahlah that's enough

suara voice

suara hati conscience

suara ramai opinion of the majority

sudahnya finally

sudah-sudah past; bygone

269

sport

sudi willing sukar

difficult; hard

sudip wooden ladle

sukarela voluntary

sudu spoon

sukarelawan volunteer

sudut corner; angle; aspect; point of view

sukat quantity; capacity

sugul sadness; grief; sorrow sukatan

measurement; assessment

suhu temperature suku

a quarter

sujud prostrate (in prayer)

suku kata a syllable

suka like; enjoy

suka hati delighted; happy

suka ria gay; happy

suku bangsa tribe

suku-sakat family; clan

sula to impale

sukacita glad; happy; cheerful sulah sukan

bald

270

sumbangsih contribution; aid; alms sulam to embroider sumbat (1)cork; stopper (2)tight (hole) sulaman embroidery sumber source; resource suling distilled sumbing torn; split sulit (1)secret; confidential (2)difficult sumbu horn of a rhinoceros sultan Muslim ruler sumpah oath; solemn promise sultanah Muslim ruler's consort sumpahan curse suluh a torch sumpah-sumpah chameleon sulung the first; the eldest sumpit shoot with a blow-pipe sulur tendril sumpitan blow-pipe sumbang (1)to donate; to contribute (2)indecent; immoral sumsum bone marrow sumbangan contribution sumur

271

a well sunting sunat

an ornament worn in the hair circumcision suntuk

sungai

short of time; overdue river sunyi

sungguh true; real; indeed

quiet; lonely

supaya sungguh-sungguh truly; really; indeed; ernestly

so that; in order to

surah sungguhpun although

a chapter of the Koran

surai sungkur (1)to lower one's head (2)a shovel

(1)to disperse (2)tress; horse's mane

suram sungut

gloomy; hazy; dim feeler; antenna surat

sungut-sungut feeler; antenna

letter

suratkhabar newspaper

sunti a female child

surau suntik

Muslim prayer house to inject; to inoculate; to vaccinate suri

suntikan injection; inoculation; vaccination

queen

272

a spur (of cock)

suri rumahtangga housewife susuk

figure; shape

suria the sun

susuk badan bodily shape or figure

suruh to order or instruct

susul to follow

suruhan an order susulan

follow-up

suruhanjaya commission susun

pile; layer

surut to subside; to ebb; to decrease

susunan arrangement

susah (1)difficult (2)misery; worry

susup to enter secretly; to infiltrate

susah hati worried; troubled susur

edge; fringe; margin; border

susah-susah to bother; to take the trouble susut

to decrease; to shrink

susila ethical sutera

silk

susu milk

susuh

sutradara director of a play or film

273

syarahan a lecture swasta private (not public) syarat condition; requirement; prerequisite Syaaban eighth month of the Muslim calendar syariah Islamic law syabas well done; good syarikat company; corporation syah ruler Syawal tenth month of the Muslim calendar syahbandar harbour-master syirik polytheism syahdan meanwhile; then; furthermore; moreover syok attractive; appealing; pleasant syahid martyr syor suggestion; recommendation syair poem syukur thanks; gratitude syaitan satan; the devil syurga heaven syak

taat suspicion

syarah

obedient; faithful; loyal

tabah to lecture

determined; persevering

274

catchment

tabal to install; to inaugurate tadbir

administrative

tabiat habit; behaviour tadi

just now

tabii natural; inborn tadika

kindergarten

tabik a salute tafakur

meditation

tabir curtain; screen tafsir

interpretation

tabuh a mosque drum tagak

(1)durable; lasting (2)to hesitate; to dilly-dally; to defer

tabung money-box; fund; tube

tabungan savings

tagih

tabung uji test tube

tahan

tabur to scatter; to disseminate

tahan api fireproof

to receive with both palms

tahan lasak hardy

tadah

tadahan

to crave for; addictive

to endure; to last; to tolerate

tahan uji endurance test

275

tahunan annual tahanan detention tahyul superstition tahap level; stage taja to sponsor tahi dung tajaan sponsorship tahi arak an alcoholic tajak a hoe tahi judi a gambler tajam sharp tahi mata eye discharge tajuk title tahi telinga ear wax tak no; not (abbreviation of tidak) tahniah congratulations takabur proud; arrogant tahu (1)to know (2)soya takal pulley tahu-tahu without being aware of takar glass or porcelain jar tahun year takat

276

extreme degree or limit takungan reservoir

takdir destiny; fate

takut takhta

afraid throne takwim

takik

almanac; calendar notch; indentation takziah

takjub

condolence astonished; amazed takzim

takkan

high respect impossible; can't; won't tala

taklimat briefing

(1)tune; pitch (in music) (2)padlock

talak takluk

divorce to subject; to subdue; to subjugate talam

takrif

tray definition; description tali

taksir

rope to assess; to evaluate; to appraise talian

taksiran assessment; estimate; evaluation

a line (of telephone)

talu takung

to flog; to wallop stagnant

277

visible

tamadun civilization; civilized

tampaknya apparently; obviously

tamak greedy

tampal to patch; to plaster

taman park; garden

tampalan a patch; a plaster; a poultice

tamar date (fruit)

tampan (1)handsome; smart-looking (2)to stop something moving

tamat finished; ended; terminated

tampar

tambah

to slap

to add; to increase

tambahan addition; an increase; additional

tamparan a slap

tambak

tampi to winnow or sift

embankment; dyke

tambang fare (for transport)

tampil

tambat

tampuk

to appear; to come forward

calyx

to tie up; to moor

tambatan connection; mooring buoy

tampung to bear; to endure; a patch

tampak

tamsil parable; analogy

278

tanam to plant tamsilan comparison tanaman plants tamu guest tanam-tanaman all kinds of plants tanah soil; land; ground tanda sign; mark; symbol tanahair motherland tandan bunch; cluster (of bananas, etc.) tanah gambut peat tandang visit tanah gembur loam tandas toilet; latrine tanah jajahan colony tandatangan signature tanah liat clay tanding to compete tanah pamah plains tandu stretcher tanah tumpah darah motherland tanduan palanquin tanak to cook rice tanduk

279

horn tangisan weeping; crying

tangan hand

tangkai tangga

a stalk; a handle; a stem ladder; stairs; a scale tangkai jering stingy

tanggal (1)to drop off; to take off (2)date (of calendar)

tangkal tanggap to listen carefully

tanggapan response; reaction; notion; idea

tangguh postpone

an amulet; a talisman

tangkap to catch

tangkapan a catch; the capture

tangkas tangguk a small fishing net

nimble; agile

tangkis tanggung (1)to bear; to be responsible (2)inadequate

tanggungan responsibility; obligation; surety

to ward off; to repulse; to repel

tanglung lantern

tangsi tanggungjawab responsibility

barracks

tani tangis

farming to weep

280

to dance

tanjak (1)head-dress (2)going obliquely upwards tarian

a dance

tanjung cape (land jutting out into the sea) tarik

to pull

tanpa without tarikh

date (of the calendar)

tanya to ask; to enquire taring

tusk; fang

tapa hermitage taruh

(1)stake; bet (2)to put; to place

tapak palm of the hand; sole of the foot; base; site tarung

to clash; to dispute; to quarrel

tapis to filter; to sieve; to censor tasik

lake

tapisan filtrate tata

system; order

tara equal; par; even

tataacara agenda

taraf standard; status; level

tatabahasa grammar

tarah to plane wood

tari

tatacara procedure

281

taufan typhoon tatahukum legal system tauge bean sprout tatasusila code of ethics tauhu soyabean curd tatatertib discipline tauke Chinese business proprietor tatah inlaid work taulan friend tatahan inlay tauliah letter of appointment; commission tatang to carry in the palm of the hand taun cholera tatap to observe intently; to scrutinize Taurat Old Testament tatapan scrutiny taup united; connected; joined together tatih unsteady; wobbly; to toddle taut joined together; united (of wound) tatkala when tawa laugh taubat repentance; penitence tawan

282

to capture; to captivate; to conquer tebar tawanan a prisoner; a captive

scattered; to scatter (seeds); to cast (a net)

tebas tawar

to clear the undergrowth (1)tasteless (2)to bargain tebing

tawaran an offer

bank (of river)

tebu tawar hati disheartened

sugar-cane

tebuan tawar hambar tasteless

hornet

tebuk tawar-menawar to bargain; to haggle

to pierce; to drill; to perforate

tebus tawarikh history; annals

to recover or redeem by payment

tebusan tayang

ransom; redemption to show; to display; to screen (a film) teduh

tayangan a show; a display; a screening

protection or shelter

tedung tebal

cobra thick; dense (of growth) tegah

tebang

to forbid; to prohibit to fell (a tree); to cut down

283

criticism; greeting

tegahan prohibition teh

tea

tegak upright; erect teka

to guess

tegang taut; tight; tense

teka-teki a riddle

tegap well-built; sturdy; firm

tekaan a guess

tegar stubborn; obstinate tekad

will-power; determination

tegas firm; well-defined; precise tekak

throat

tegasan clarification tekan

(1)to press (2)to oppress; to ill-treat

teguh firm; secure; steady

tekanan pressure; stress

teguk a gulp

tekap (1)to trace (2)to cover

tegun to stop suddenly tekat

embroidery

tegur to greet; to accost; to criticize teko teguran

teapot

284

tekong anchorman (in sports)

telanjang nude; naked

tekukur large cuckoo-dove

telap

tekun

telapak

permeable

diligent; hardworking; industrious

telaah

palm of hand; sole of foot

telatah to study; to examine

teladan

behaviour

example

telekung a white praying veil used by Muslim women

well

telentang supine

telaga

telagah

telinga to quarrel; to disagree

telah (1)already; have; did; has (2)to forecast; to predict

ear

telingkah to argue; to dispute; to quarrel

teliti telahan

care; close attention; accuracy; precision prediction teluk

telan

bay to swallow

telangkup upside-down

telungkup to lie prone

285

pewter

telunjuk index finger tembak

to shoot

telur egg

telur dadar omelette

telur masin salted egg

tembak-menembak a shoot-out

tembakan shooting

tembakau tobacco

telut to kneel

tembam plump

teman companion; friend

temasya a show or event (cultural, musical)

tembaga copper: brass

tembaga merah copper

tembaga kuning brass

tembelang addled (of eggs)

temberang to tell a lie; to brag

tembikai watermelon

tembikar porcelain; earthenware

tembok tembaga perunggu bronze

tembaga putih

wall; embankment

tembolok crop, gizzard (of birds)

286

tempelak to rebuke; to reproach; to censure tembung meet; encounter tempeleng to slap on the face tembuni placenta; afterbirth tempiar scattered tembus perforated; penetrable tempik a short loud cheer tempa to weld; to forge (metals) tempikan loud shouting tempah to reserve; to book tempik-sorak cheering tempahan booking tempoh period of time tempang lame; crippled tempoyak preserved durian tempat place; location tempua weaver bird tempatan local tempuh to go or pass through tempayan large earthen water-barrel tempuling harpoon tempel to stick; to paste; to glue tempur

287

to clash

tempurung coconut shell

tengah hari midday

tenggala a plough

temu to meet; to find

temu duga an interview

tenggara south-east

tenggek temu ramah an interview

to squat; to crouch; to perch

tenggelam to sink; to set (of sun)

tenaga energy; power; strength

tengger tenang

to perch calm; quiet; still; composed tenggiling armadillo

tenat critically ill; exhausted

tengik tendang to kick

rancid (of oil)

tengkar tendangan a kick

tengadah to look up

to quarrel

tengking to snarl

tengkingan a snarl

tengah middle; centre

288

(1)to forecast (2)to gaze fixedly

tengkolok head-dress

tengkorak skull

tenungan prediction

tenusu dairy

tengku a Malay prince or princess tepak

a metal box

tengkuk nape of neck tepat

exact; precise

tengok to see; to consider tepi

side; edge

tentang about; regarding tepis

to push aside

tentangan objection; opposition; resistance tepu

brimful; full

tentera army; military; troops tepuk

to clap

tenteram calm; peaceful; tranquil; quiet

tepukan gemuruh loud applause

tentu sure; certain; definite

tepung flour

tenun to weave tera tenung

stamp; official seal

289

terbit to rise; to emerge; to appear terajang to kick and trample terbitan publication; issue; edition teraju weighing scales teriak a loud cry or shout terang bright; clear terik tight; excessive; unbearable terang-benderang very bright terima to receive; to accept terang-terang clearly; frankly terima kasih thank you terap (1)to apply (2)mould (for cakes) terima salah plead guilty teras core; essence terjemah to translate teratai lotus terjemahan translation teratai kecil blue water-lily terjun to jump down; to dive teratak a small hut terkam to pounce on terbang to fly ternak

290

livestock teruna ternakan breeding; rearing

youthful (male); young man

terung teroka

brinjal to open new land terus

terompah clogs (wooden footwear)

straight; direct

terusan teropong telescope

terowong tunnel

canal

terus-menerus continuously; non-stop

tetak terpa

to chop; to slash to leap; to spring forward; to pounce tetakan

tertib

a slash order; discipline; system tetamu

tertib nikah marriage rites

tertib sopan tradition of politeness

guest

tetangga neighbour

tetap terubuk herring

specific; unambiguous; fixed; permanent

tetapi teruk

but; yet very bad; serious; severe

291

no; not

tetas to slit open; to hatch

tidak apa never mind

tetek breast

tidak apa-apa nothing

tetes drop (of fluid)

tidur to sleep

tetesan drops (of fluid)

tidur ayam to sleep lightly

tewas defeated

tidur mati to sleep soundly

tiada no; not; not any

tiga three

tiang pillar; post tikai

quarrel

tiap every; each tikam

(1)to stab (2)to bet

tiarap to lie prone

tikaman a stab

tiba to arrive; to reach

tiba-tiba suddenly

tikam dadu gamble

tikar tidak

mat; rug

292

tikus rat

timbang (1)to weigh (2)to consider; to contemplate

mattress

timbang rasa sympathy

tilam

tilik

timbul (1)to observe carefully; to gaze fixedly (2)to foretell

to emerge; to appear; to float up

timbun tilikan

heap; pile; mass prediction; observation timbus

tilik nasib fortune-telling

to fill up (a hole); to bury

timpa timah

to strike or hit (of falling object) tin timpaan obstacle

timang to dandle; to caress; to rock (child)

timpal timangan darling; pet; nickname

balanced; proportionate

timun timba

cucumber pail; bucket timur

timbal

east balanced; equable tindak

timbalan vice; deputy

to take action

293

tindakan action

tingkap

tindak balas reaction

tingkat

tindak tanduk behaviour; character; nature

tinkatan form or grade (in school)

tindas

tinjau

window

storey; floor

to observe; to watch

to oppress; to suppress; to intimidate; to bully

tindasan oppression

tinjauan observation; survey; review

tindih

tinju boxing

to press upon; to oppress

tinta

tindik

ink

to pierce (ear)

tinggal (1)to live (2)to leave (3)to stay behind (4)to be left

Tionghua Chinese

Tiongkok China

tinggi high; tall

tipis thin; slim; fine (of thread); sheer (of material)

tingkah behaviour tipu

deceit; cheat; fraud

tingkahan musical accompaniment tirai

curtain

294

tiram oyster

tiri

titik dua a colon (:)

titis step-

tiris

a drop

titisan to leak through

tiru

droplets; trickle

tiup to copy; to imitate

tiruan

to blow

tiupan imitation; counterfeit; a copy

tirus

a gust (of air)

tocang tapering

titah

plait; braid (of hair)

todak formal address or speech (royal); royal command

sword-fish

togel titi

bald; tailless wooden bridge tohor

titian

shallow wooden crossing tok

titik

grandfather (1)a drop of liquid (2)a full-stop; a dot; a point toko

titikberat emphasize

shop

295

to help one another

tokoh a figure; a personality tombak

spear; lance; javelin

tokok addition tombol

(1)knob (2)knot (in wood)

tokong a Chinese or Buddhist temple tompok

(1)spot; mark; blotch (2)heap; pile

tolak (1)to push (2)to subtract (3)to reject tong

barrel; bin

tolakan a shove; a push; rejection tonggek

protruding (of buttocks)

tolak ansur to give and take

tolak bala to avert evil

tongkang lighter; flat-bottomed boat or barge

tongkat walking-stick

toleh to look back tongkol

cob (of maize); chunk; nugget

tolok equal; matching tonjol

a hump or protrusion; to protrude

tolol stupid tonton

to watch (as a spectator)

tolong assistance; to help; please

tolong-menolong

tontonan a show or display

296

tuai harvesting knife; to harvest tonyoh to scrub thoroughly tuak toddy; palm-wine topang support; prop tuala towel topeng mask tuan sir; master topi hat tuan rumah landlord toreh to tap (e.g. rubber) tuang (1)to pour (2)to be absent torehan an incision tuanku sir (to royalty); your Highness toyol a type of evil spirit or ghost tuas lever trengkas shorthand tuba poisonous root used in fishing tua (1)old; ripe (2)dark (of colour) tubi persistently; repeatedly tua-tua old; ripe; mature tubuh body tuah luck; fortune tubuh badan

297

the whole body tujuh tuduh

seven to accuse tukang

tuduhan accusation

skilled workman

tukar tuding

to change; to exchange index finger; to point at tukaran replacement

tudung cover; lid; veil

tukar ganti to substitute

tugas duty; task

tukul tugasan

a hammer assignment tulang

tugu

bone monument tular

Tuhan

contagious; infectious; to spread (disease) God tulat

tujah

third day after today to stab; to pierce tulen

tuju

pure; genuine direction tuli

tujuan

deaf intention; purpose; aim

298

to spill

tulis to write

tumpahan spillage

tulisan writing

tumpah darah motherland

tulus honest; sincere; heartfelt; straightforward

tumbang collapse; fall

tumbesar growth (of plants, etc.)

tumpang (1)to reside (2)to take a lift or ride

tumpangan lodging

tumpas to annihilate; to destroy

tumbuh to develop; to grow tumpat

compact; packed; crowded; full

tumbuhan growth tumpu

(1)to focus; to concentrate (2)to support

tumbuh-tumbuhan plants

tumpuan focus; support

tumbuk (1)to punch (2)to pound

tumpul blunt

tumis to fry Tun

an honourable title

tumit heel (of foot) tunai tumpah

(1)cash (2)accomplished

299

tungkus lumus overworked tunang fiancé or fiancee tunjal to poke; to thrust tunas a bud; a sprout tunjam to dive; to plunge tunda (1)to tow (2)to postpone tunjuk to show; to point tunduk to bow; to submit tunjuk ajar guidance tunggak (1)to be in arrears (2)tree stump tunjuk perasaan demonstration tunggakan arrears tuntun to lead by the hand; to guide tunggal sole; solitary; single tuntut (1)to claim (2)to study tunggang (1)upside-down (2)to ride tuntutan a claim; a demand tunggu to wait tupai squirrel tunggul tree stump turas to filter tungku trivet; brazier turun

300

to descend; to disembark; to come down

yawn menguap: to yawn

turunan descent; genealogy ubah alter; change mengubahsuaikan: to modify berubah: to become changed berubah-ubah: changing; inconsistent mengubah: to change pengubahsuaian: modification perubahan: alteration; change

turun-temurun hereditary; from generation to generation

turus main post or pillar uban

grey hair

turut to follow; to go along

turutan sequence

beruban: having grey hair

ubat medicine berubat: to be treated mengubat: to treat mengubati: to treat pengubatan: treatment perubatan: medical terubat: curable; treatable

tusuk skewer; pin

tut a graft ubi parsnip; tapioca tutup to shut; to close ubin tile tutur to speak; to talk; to converse ubun

uak

uap

croak

crown or top part of the head

menguak: to croak

ubun-ubun: crown or top part of the head

ubur-ubur jellyfish

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ucap

ukir make a speech

carve; engrave; emboss

berucap: to make a speech ucapan: speech mengucapkan: to express pengucapan: utterance; expression

mengukir: to carve ukiran: engraving; sculpture berukir: to be carved; to be engraved mengukirkan: to carve pengukir: engraver; carver pengukiran: engraving; carving terukir: carved; engraved

udang prawn ukur measure; assess udara

mengukur: to measure; to assess pita ukur: measuring tape ukuran: measurement; size pengukuran: measurement

air; atmosphere angkatan udara: air force pesawat udara: aircraft pos udara: air mail pengudaraan: aeration ulam

raw vegetable to be eaten with rice udik upstream ulama Muslim scholar ufuk horizon; limit of knowledge or interests ulang repeat ugut

ulang tahun: anniversary berulang-alik: to commute; to travel back and forth regularly ulang kaji: revision berulang-ulang: repeatedly mengulang: to repeat; to revise mengulangi: to repeat mengulang kaji: to revise perulangan: repetition

threaten; intimidate mengugut: to threaten; to intimidate ugutan: threat; intimidation

uji test menguji: to test; to try out ujian: examination; test ujikaji: experiment mengujikaji: to experiment penguji: examiner teruji: tested ujibakat: audition

ular snake

ulas

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(1) clove; one division of a compound bulb such as garlic (2) comment ulasan: a comment ulasan buku: book review mengulas: to comment; to review pengulas: commentator

umbuk convince; persuade mengumbuk: to convince; to persuade

umbut

ulat

edible palm pith

maggot; caterpillar; larva; worm

uli knead

umpama example seumpama: such as; for instance; for example mengumpamakan: to exemplify; to honour perumpamaan: proverb; simile

menguli: to knead

ulit croon

umpan bait; lure; decoy

mengulit: to sing (a child) to sleep pengulit: lullaby

ulung first-born; eldest; superior

mengumpan: entice; lure

umpat backbiting; spiteful talk; gossip; slander umpatan: backbiting; defamation; calumny mengumpat: to backbite; to gossip; to defame pengumpat: slanderer

umang-umang hermit-crab umpil umat

lever humanity; religious sect or community; follower (of religion) umum general; public

umbang float; drift; sail

rapat umum: rally mengumumkan: to announce pengumuman: announcement

terumbang-umbang: floating; drifting; bobbing up and down umur umbi

age corm (underground stem); tuber

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berumur: aged seumur: of the same age; all (one's) life

superior keunggulan: superiority

undan swan; pelican

unggun stack or pile (of wood)

undang (1) invite; tempt (2) law

ungka gibbon

mengundang: to invite undangan: invitation ungkai untie; unfasten; undo undang-undang law; rules

mengungkai: to untie; to unfasten; to undo

perundangan: legislation ungkap expression of feelings undi vote; ballot

mengungkap: to express one's feelings ungkapan: expression (word, phrase or mathematical symbol)

undian: vote; ballot mengundi: to cast a vote pengundi: voter pengundian: voting ungkit

repeat undur

mengungkit: to reiterate (the past); to lift pengungkit: lever

move backwards berundur: to retreat mengundurkan: to drive back mengundur: to retreat; to postpone pengunduran: withdrawal; postponement

unggas birds

ungu purple

unjuk hold out; hand over mengunjuk: to hold out; to hand over

unggis gnaw; nibble unjur stretch one's legs unggul

mengunjur: to stretch one's legs

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means; ways; ability berupaya: to be able to cope berkeupayaan: capable keupayaan: capability mengupayakan: to endeavour; to strive

unsur element; constituent substance berunsur: characterised by ura

discuss

unta camel

ura-ura: discuss memperurakan: to plan; to discuss

untai a chain; numeral coefficient for necklace,etc.

urai loose; apart menguraikan: to disentangle penguraian: disentanglement; act of unravelling

untuk for; with a view to; in order to memperuntukkan: to allocate peruntukan: allocation urat

vein or nerve untung profit; advantage; luck untung-untung: maybe; perhaps beruntung: lucky; profitable keuntungan: advantage; profit; benefit menguntungkan: to bring profit

uri placenta

urus manage untut

mengurus: to manage; to settle urusan: matter; affair berurusan: to deal; to do business menguruskan: to manage; to arrange; to organise pengurus: manager pengurusan: management terurus: arranged; regulated; organised urusniaga: business deal

elephantiasis

upacara ceremony

upah fee; wage mengupah: to hire or let out for pay

upaya

urut massage mengurut: to massage berurutan: in sequence

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usul motion or proposal put forward for discussion mengusulkan: to propose; to suggest usul periksa: thorough investigation

usaha effort berusaha: to make an effort mengusahakan: to perform; to work diligently pengusaha: industrialist perusahaan: industry usahawan: entrepreneur keusahawanan: entrepreneurship

usus intestine

utama main; chief; special; most important usai finished; over; dispersed

keutamaan: priority mengutamakan: to give priority to terutama: especially

mengusai: to disperse

usang

utara decrepit; dilapidated; obsolete

(1) north (2) suggest mengutarakan: to put forward an idea

usap stroke; caress utas mengusap: to caress; to stroke

usia

string; chain

utuh age

intact; complete; undamaged

berusia: aged

keutuhan: perfection; totality; wholeness

usik

utus disturb; tease

send

mengusik: to tease; to disturb usikan: disturbance; teasing

mengutus: to send utusan: messenger; delegate berutus: to correspond; to despatch perutusan: message

usir chase away; expel; drive or force out uzur mengusir: to chase away; to expel; to banish pengusiran: exile; banishment

sick; ill; not well; weak from age or illness menguzurkan: to obstruct; to weaken uzuran: debility

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vaksin vaccine

van van

vanila vanilla

waja steel

wajah facial features

wajar appropriate; fitting; proper and right sewajarnya: naturally

video video wajib compulsory; obligatory virus

kewajipan: duty; obligation mewajibkan: to compel

virus

visa visa

vitamin vitamin

wajik sweet sticky rice cake

wakaf religious donation

wabak

mewakafkan: to donate for a religious purpose pewakaf: one who donates for a religious purpose

epidemic

wacana discourse; speech; lecture

wakil agent; representative berwakilkan: represented by mewakili: to represent mewakilkan: to appoint as one's representative perwakilan: representation

wafat to pass away

waham suspicion; doubt

waktu time sewaktu: while

wahyu revelation through a dream walau

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if waras walaupun although

lucid; sane kewarasan: sanity

walhal in fact

walhasil eventually; finally

wargakota inhabitant of a city

warganegara citizen of a country kewarganegaraan: citizenship

wali sponsor; godparent; guardian waris heir wang

warisan: heritage mewariskan: to bequeath mewarisi: to inherit pewaris: beneficiary; heir

money; currency berwang: moneyed; having money kewangan: financial

warkah

wangi

epistle; letter

fragrance mewangikan: to make fragrant warna

colour wanita

berwarna: coloured berwarna-warni: multi-coloured mewarnakan: to colour pewarnaan: colouring

woman; female kewanitaan: feminity

wap vapour; steam berwap: steaming mengewap: to vaporise pengewapan: vaporisation

warta gazette; journal mewartakan: to inform; to announce

wartawan warak devout; pious

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journalist

wawancara an interview

kewartawanan: journalism; journalistic wawasan vision

warung stall

wayang wasangka suspicion

performance on a screen

wayang gambar cinema; movie

wasiat a will mewasiatkan: to bequeath by a will

wayang kulit traditional Malay shadow play waspada cautious; gingerly wenang power

berwaspada: cautious

wibawa

waswas

authority

indecision; hesitation; doubt

wilayah

watak

administrative territory; province

character; role perwatakan: characterisation wira

hero admired for his brave deeds watan wirawan: hero wirawati: heroine keperwiraan: heroism

native land

watikah letter of authority wisma house wau kite wujud exist; become visible; become a fact

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X-ray

olive X-ray

ya yes

zakar penis

mengeyakan: to say yes; to agree Yahudi Jew

yakin assured; confident

zakat tithe

zalim brutal; cruel; merciless

keyakinan: confidence; faith; trust meyakini: to believe meyakinkan: to assure; to convince

kezaliman: cruelty menzalimi: to oppress; to tyrannize

zaman

yang

epoch; particular period or age inhistory; era

who; which; that

Yang Teramat Mulia Highness

zamrud emerald

zapin

yatim

a song and dance of Arab origin

orphan

yayasan foundation (institution or fund)

zarah particle; atom

zat

yu

nutritional value

shark

ziarah

yuran

visit

fee

berziarah: to visit menziarahi: to call on; to pay a visit penziarah: a visitor

zahid ascetic; recluse

zaitun

zina

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adultery berzina: to commit adultery penzina: adulterer

zirafah giraffe

Zuhal Saturn

Zuhrah Venus

zuhur noon

Zulhijah the twelfth month of the Muslim calendar

Zulkaedah the eleventh month of the Muslim calendar

zuriat descent: genealogy

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