Making Connections 2 Level 2 Teachers Manual

 

Zftai peki

 

M E HO _ F J K I   Y N F S I _ ] F Z V   P _ I ] ]

Mehorfjki, Niw Vbrl, Hiaoburni, Hejrfj, Mepi Zbwn, ]fnkepbri, ]íb Peuab, Jiadf, Hixfmb Mfty Mehorfjki Ynfvirsfty Priss =? Evinui bc tdi Ehirfmes, Niw Vbrl, NV 5005=-?:;=, Y]E www.mehorfjki.brk Fncbrhetfbn bn tdfs tftai7 www.mehorfjki.brk/6;4550;3903?3 © Mehorfjki Ynfvirsfty Priss ?05= Zdfs puoafmetfbn fs fn mbpyrfkdt. ]uogimt tb stetutbry ixmiptfbn enj tb tdi prbvfsfbns bc riaivent mbaaimtfvi afminsfnk ekriihints, ekriihints, nb riprbjumtfbn bc eny pert hey teli paemi wftdbut tdi wrfttin  pirhfssfbn bc Mehorfjki Mehorfj ki Ynfvirsfty Ynfvirs fty Priss. Cfrst puoafsdij ?004 ]imbnj ijftfbn ?05= Prfntij fn tdi Ynftij ]tetis, oy ]dirfjen Prfntfnk Mbhpeny, Fnm.  E meteabk rimbrj cbr tdfs puoafmetfbn puoafm etfbn fs evefaeoai crbh tdi Orftfsd Aforery.   6;4-5-50;-3?4;:-4 6;4-5-50; -3?4;:-4 ]tujint‖s Obbl  6;4-5-50;-3903?-3 -3903?-3 Ziemdir‖s Henuea F ] O N   6;4-5-50; F]ON

Mehorfjki Ynfvirsfty Priss des nb rispbnsfofafty cbr tdi pirsfstinmi br emmuremy bc Y_As cbr ixtirnea br tdfrj-perty Fntirnit [io sftis ricirrij tb fn tdfs puoafmetfbn enj jbis nbt kuerentii tdet eny mbntint bn sumd [io sftis fs, br wfaa rihefn, emmureti br epprbprfeti. Aeybut sirvfmis enj obbl jisfkn7 Peki Jisfkns Fntirnetfbnea, Fnm. Mbvir jisfkn7 ]tujfb Hbnteki

 

Mbntints Ziemdfnk ]ukkistfbns

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]lfaas enj ]tretikfis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5 Oicbri Vbu _iej . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   ? _iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   =  Sbmeouaery  Sb meouaery Jiviabphint Jiviabphint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   : Oiybnj tdi _iejfnk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9 Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3  Eppinjfmis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   ;

 Enswir Liy

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 6 Ynft 57 Zdi Niws Hijfe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  50 50

Ynft ?7 Ijumetfbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5: 5: Ynft =7 Zdi [braj bc Ousfniss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  54 54 Ynft :7 Pbpuaetfbn Mdenki enj Fts Fhpemt . . . . . . . .  ?? ?? Ynft 97 Jisfkn fn Iviryjey Afci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  ?3 ?3 Ynft 37 Zdi Orefn enj Oidevfbr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  =5 =5

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Uufzzis Uufzzis Enswir Liy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

 3= 3=

 

Ziemdf iemdfnk nk ]ukkistfbns ]ukkistfbns Zdi Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns Mbnnimtfbns ? ]tujint‖s Obbl mbnsfsts bc sfx unfts, iemd bc wdfmd fs brkenfzij fn tdi cbaabwfnk wey7 ■ 

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Zwb ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis simtfbns eatirneti wftd tdi riejfnks. cfrst primijis _iejfnks enj ?,simtfbns enj tdi simbnjZdi primijis _iejfnks = enj :.5Zdisi fntrbjumi enj premtfmi spimfcfm slfaas enj stretikfis cbr riejfnk. Cbur riejfnks eri iemd emmbhpenfij oy essbmfetij emtfvftfis fn riejfnk enj vbmeouaery jiviabphint. Zdi cburtd riejfnk fs tdi abnkist enj bccirs stujints e riejfnk ixpirfinmi sfhfaer tb tdi mdeaainkis bc tdi riejfnk essfknhints tdiy wfaa hiit fn tdifr cuturi emejihfm stujfis. E cfnea simtfbn, Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns, prbvfjis twb mbdisfbn-oufajfnk ixirmfsis.

Fntirhijfeti-aivia stujints niij tb ixpenj tdifr vbmeouaery fn brjir tb priperi cbr emejihfm mbursis. ]tretikfis enj emtfvftfis tb diap stujints ixpenj tdifr vbmeouaery eri tdiricbri fhpbrtent cieturis bc  Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns ?. Zdi pbst-riejfnk emtfvftfis cbaabwfnk iemd bc tdi cbur riejfnks fn e unft fnmauji tesls tdet cemfafteti vbmeouaery ixpensfbn oy cbmusfnk bn 54”?0 vbmeouaery ftihs usij fn tdi riejfnk. Ejjftfbneaay, Ejjftfbneaay, tesls cbr vbmeouaery crbh tdi Emejihfm [brj [brj Afst (E (E[A) [A) cbaabw tdi simbnj enj cburtd riejfnks. Eaa vbmeouaery vbmeouaery ftihs eri afstij enj jiſtnij, wftd en ixehpai prbvfjij, fn Eppinjfx 5 bc tdi ]tujint‖s Obbl (pekis ?9;”?34). ?9;” ?34). Fn Eppinjfx ? bc tdi ]tujint‖s Obbl (pekis ?36”?;0), ?3 6”?;0), iemd liy vbmeouaery ftih fs fnjixij oy tdi unft enj tdi riejfnk ftihs fn wdfmd fs ſtrst usij. Zdi fmbn fnjfmetis vbmeouaery crbhft tdi E[A.  Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns Mbnnimtfbns ? des inbukd hetirfea cbr e riejfnk mbursi bc 90 tb ;0 maess dburs, essuhfnk e mbrrispbnjfnk nuhoir bc dburs eri evefaeoai cbr dbhiwbrl essfknhints. Mbhpaitfnk eaa tdi Oiybnj tdi _iejfnk emtfvftfis tdet emmbhpeny iemd riejfnk hfkdt heli tdi mbursi abnkir.

]lfaas enj ]tretikfis Zdi ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis simtfbns fntrbjumi riejfnk enj vbmeouaery-oufajfnk stretikfis tdet eri tdin fnmbrpbretij fntb tdi riejfnk emtfvftfis.

_etfbneai _isiermd sukkists tdet kbbj riejirs eppay verfbus stretikfis wdin tdiy eri riejfnk e tixt. Zdi ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis simtfbns fntrbjumi enj prbvfji premtfmi wftd e verfity bc tdisi riejfnk stretikfis.

Jismrfptfbn Zdi ſtrst ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis simtfbn bc iemd unft fntrbjumis vbmeouaery-oufajfnk slfaas enj stretikfis7 unjirstenjfnk vbmeouaery fn mbntixt, usfnk tdi jfmtfbnery,, tdi vbmeouaery bc nuhoirs, vbmeouaery stujy, jfmtfbnery enj mbaabmetfbn. Zdi simbnj ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis simtfbn fn iemd unft cbmusis bn riejfnk stretikfis7 ſtnjfnk hefn fjies enj suppbrtfnk jitefas, unjirstenjfnk fncbrhetfbn fn krepds enj mderts, smennfnk, telfnk nbtis, enj priperfnk cbr e riejfnk tist. Iemd ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis simtfbn prbvfjis twb tb tdrii ]lfaa Premtfmi emtfvftfis tdet hbvi stujints crbh rimbknftfbn tb prbjumtfbn. Hbri premtfmi fs prbvfjij fn tdi [dfai Vbu Vbu _iej simtfbn. ]tujints tdin rivfiw iemd slfaa enj stretiky wftdfn tdi ]lfaa _ivfiw simtfbn. ]tretikfis eri rimymaij tdrbukdbut tdi tixt.

 Dbw tb Ysi Zdi ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis eri oist fntrbjumij fn maess, suppbrtij oy tdi simtfbns usi bc btdir hetirfeas (i.k., ixehpais sfhfaer tb tdbsi fn tdi Ixehpais & Ixpaenetfbns suosimtfbn). Et tdi oikfnnfnk bc tdi mbursi, iemd bc tdi ]lfaa Premtfmi emtfvftfis sdbuaj oi pertfeaay mbhpaitij fn maess. Zdin, wdin ybu eri mbnſtjint tdet ybur stujints unjirstenj tdi cbrh enj mbntint bc iemd emtfvfty,, en epprbprfeti nuhoir bc emtfvfty b c ftihs men oi essfknij ess fknij cbr dbhiwbrl.

]lfaas, stretikfis, enj vbmeouaery eri rimymaij wftdfn e unft enj fn suosiquint unfts. Ft fs rimbhhinjij, tdiricbri, tdet fn paennfnk e mbursi butafni, tdi brjir bc tdi obbl oi cbaabwij.

Ziemdfnk ]ukkistfbns  5

 

Oicbri Vbu _iej Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm _etfbneai Zdi purpbsi bc tdfs emtfvfty fs tb kit stujints tb emtfveti oemlkrbunj lnbwaijki riaivent tb tdi mbntint bc tdi riejfnk tdet cbaabws. Iccimtfvi riejfnk bmmurs wdin riejirs eoai tb paemitdiy niweariejy fncbrhetfbn wftdfn tdi mbntixt eri bc fncbrhetfbn pbssiss.

Jismrfptfbn Zdfs fs tdi ſtrst bc twb emtfvftfis tdet bmmur oicbri iemd riejfnk. Ft mbnsfsts bc quistfbns cbr jfsmussfbn wftd e pertnir.

 Dbw tb Ysi Zdfs emtfvfty men oi fntrbjumij tdrbukd sdbrt, cuaa-maess jfsmussfbns. Pertnirs br sheaa krbups men tdin mbntfnui tdi jfsmussfbns.

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk _etfbneai Zdi purpbsi bc tdfs emtfvfty fs tb kit stujints fntb tdi deoft bc privfiwfnk tdi mbntint enj brkenfzetfbn bc e tixt oicbri tdiy stert riejfnk fn jiptd. Privfiwfnk des oiin sdbwn tb oi e liy stretiky tdet indenmis e riejir‖s eofafty tb unjirstenj e tixt bn ſtrst inmbuntir.

Jismrfptfbn  Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns Mbnnimtfbns ? usis jfccirint timdnfquis cbr privfiwfnk tixts. ]tujints eri teukdt tb abbl et tftais, diejfnks, pfmturis, enj krepdfm fncbrhetfbn sumd es

mderts tb kuiss wdet fncbrhetfbn eppier, br tb Iemd cbrh quistfbns tdet tdiy ixpimt e hfkdt riejfnk tb enswir. timdnfqui inmburekis tdi stujint tb fntiremt wftd tdi tixt oicbri oikfnnfnk tb riej cbr jiipir unjirstenjfnk.

 Dbw tb Ysi Zdisi emtfvftfis eri oist fntrbjumij, hbjiaij, enj premtfmij fn maess. [i rimbhhinj tdet stujints ſtrst wbrl wftd e pertnir. Zdi prfhery kbea bc tdfs emtfvfty fs tb inmbureki emtfvi fntiremtfbn wftd tdi tixt.

[dfai Vbu _iej _etfbneai _isiermd sukkists tdet kbbj riejirs riej emtfviay oy eslfnk tdihsiavis quistfbns enj hbnftbrfnk mbhpridinsfbn es tdiy riej. Zdi [dfai Vbu Vbu _iej tesls inmbureki stujints tb ejbpt tdfs epprbemd. Zdisi tesls cbmus stujints‖ ettintfbn bn tdi stretikfm neturi bc tdi riejfnk prbmiss jurfnk tdifr ſtrst riej-tdrbukd bc e tixt. Zdisi tesls eppier fn tdi herkfns bc tdi tixt enj cbrmi stujints tb stbp enj eppay tdi stretikfis prisintij fn tdi ierafir ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis simtfbns. ]tujints eri tdus inmburekij tb jb wdet kbbj riejirs jb ” tb fntiremt wftd tdi tixt wdfai tdiy riej.

Jismrfptfbn [dfai Vbu Vbu _iej obxis eri fn tdi herkfn bc iviry riejfnk, bppbsfti sbhi wbrjs fn obaj oaui wftdfn e afni bc tixt. ]tujints eri jfrimtij tb stbp riejfnk et tdi inj bc tdi sintinmi mbntefnfnk tdi obaj oaui tixt enj tb pircbrh e stretikfm tesl jisfknij tb suppbrt iccimtfvi riejfnk. [dfai Vbu Vbu _iej prbvfjis premtfmi cbr tdi slfaas enj stretikfis privfbusay fntrbjumij. Ft rifncbrmis aixfmea slfaas oy devfnk stujints fjintfcy mbntixt mauis tb hienfnk, ſtkuri but e wbrj‖s pert bc spiimd, s piimd, abbl up mdeaainkfnk wbrjs fn e jfmtfbnery jfmtfbnery,, enj rimbknfzi mbaabmetfbns. Ft prbvfjis premtfmi fn riejfnk slfaas oy devfnk stujints fjintfcy hefn fjies enj suppbrtfnk jitefas enj unjirstenj mbnnimtfbns oitwiin perekrepds.

 Dbw tb Ysi [dfai Vbu Vbu _iej fs oist fntrbjumij enj hbjiaij es e maessrbbh emtfvfty ectir tdi riejfnk des oiin privfiwij. [i rimbhhinj tdet ybu ſtrst fntrbjumi stujints tb tdi mbnmipt bc emtfvi riejfnk. Vbu Vbu men jb tdfs oy riejfnk tdi ſtrst riejfnk bc Ynft 5 but abuj. Es ybu mbhi tb iemd obaj oaui wbrj, stbp enj riej tdi [dfai Vbu Vbu _iej jfrimtfbns. Enswir tdi quistfbn oicbri ybu mbntfnui tb riej. Nbti tdet tdfs timdnfqui wfaa oi niw tb heny stujints, pertfmuaeray tdbsi wdb jb nbt riej ixtinsfviay fn tdifr bwn aenkueki. ]tujints wfaa ſtnj ft e tfhi-mbnsuhfnk prbmiss et ſtrst, out essuri tdih tdet, wftd premtfmi, tdiy wfaa krejueaay eppay tdisi stretikfis eutbhetfmeaay enj tdifr riejfnk spiij enj mbhpridinsfbn wfaa fnmriesi. Et ſtrst, heny bc tdi obxis fn tdi sdbrtir riejfnks men oi mbhpaitij jurfnk en fnftfea fn-maess riej-tdrbukd. Zdfs wfaa eaabw ybu tb prbvfji stujints wftd tdi fntinsfvi kufjenmi, premtfmi, enj fhhijfeti ciijoeml bn tdifr pircbrhenmis tdet tdiy wfaa niij es tdiy aiern tb eppay tdisi slfaas fnjipinjintay.

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Ziemdfnk ]ukkistfbns

 

Zb diap stujints cbmus bn tdi riejfnk prbmiss, ft fs strbnkay rimbhhinjij tdet nb jfmtfbnery oi usij jurfnk tdfs ſtrst riej-tdrbukd. [i easb rimbhhinj tdet tdi ſtrst riej-tdrbukd fnmauji riejfnk cbr hefn fjies. (]ii tdi Hefn Fjie Mdiml simtfbn oiabw.) oiabw.) Bni mdeaainki fn tdi [dfai Vbu Vbu _iej emtfvfty fs tdet stujints tinj tb heli ixmissfvi usi bc dfkdafkdtfnk enj/br unjirafnfnk. Zry tb diap stujints unjirstenj tdet dfkdafkdtfnk unjirafnfnk intfri perekrepds, cbr ixehpai, fs nbt enbriccimtfvi riejfnk stretiky. Fn cemt, fnjfsmrfhfneti dfkdafkdtfnk fs e mbuntirprbjumtfvi emtfvfty. Zb evbfj tdfs, devi tdi stujints cbaabw tdi jfrimtfbns prbvfjij fn tdi ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis simtfbns7 dfkdafkdt hefn fjies bnay, nuhoir suppbrtfnk jitefas, enj unjirafni liy vbmeouaery.

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint Hefn Fjie Mdiml _etfbneai ]tujints bctin cbmus tbb humd bn tdi jitefas fn e riejfnk retdir tden bn fts hefn fjies. Zdi Hefn Fjie Mdiml emtfvfty prbvfjis en bppbrtunfty cbr stujints tb cbmus bn en unjirstenjfnk bc tdi hefn fjies bc iemd perekrepd. Ft fs bnay ectir stujints devi krespij tdi hefn fjies bc e riejfnk tdet tdiy men heli sinsi bc dbw tdi jitefas ſtt fntb tdfs aerkir crehi bc hienfnk.

Ectir ybu wbrl tdrbukd tdi stretiky-oesij epprbemd tb hefn fjie fjintfſtmetfbn fn ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis ?, Ynft 5, tdi Hefn Fjie Mdiml tesls hey oi essfknij cbr wbrl fn maess br cbr dbhiwbrl. Fn maessis wftd ejjftfbnea wrftfnk kbeas, stujints mbuaj oi eslij tb riwrfti tdi sintinmis bc tdi Hefn Fjie Mdiml tesls fn tdifr bwn wbrjs enj tdin put tdi sintinmis tbkitdir tb cbrh e suhhery bc tdi kfvin riejfnk.

 E Mabsir Abbl _etfbneai Devfnk unjirstbbj tdi hefn fjies fn e riejfnk, stujints niij tb emdfivi e hbri fn-jiptd unjirstenjfnk bc ft. Fn tdfs emtfvfty, emtfvfty, tdiricbri, stujints eri eslij tb kb oeml tb tdi riejfnk enj riej cbr jitefas enj tb isteoafsd mbnnimtfbns ehbnk tdih.

Jismrfptfbn Heny bc tdi quistfbns fn E Mabsir Abbl eri typis bc quistfbns wftd wdfmd stujints wfaa prboeoay oi cehfafer (i.k., trui/ceasi enj huatfpai mdbfmi). [i [i rimbhhinj tdet ieray bn fn tdi tixt, pirdeps fn Ynft ?, ybu rivfiw sbhi mbhhbn stretikfis fn enswirfnk huatfpai-mdbfmi quistfbns. Vbu Vbu men inmbureki stujints tb usi tdi cbaabwfnk stretikfis7 ■  ■ 

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Jismrfptfbn Cbr tdi ſtrst twb riejfnks bc Ynft 5, tdi Hefn Fjie Mdiml esls stujints tb mdbbsi crbh cbur bptfbns tdi sintinmi tdet oist ixprissis tdi hefn fjie bc tdi intfri riejfnk. Cbr tdi rihefnjir bc tdi riejfnks, tdi Hefn Fjie Mdiml des stujints fjintfcy tdi hefn fjie bc jfccirint perekrepds oy hetmdfnk tdi perekrepd nuhoir tb tdi sintinmi ixprissfnk fts hefn fjie.

 Dbw tb Ysi Oicbri stertfnk tdi Hefn Fjie Mdiml tesls fn Ynft 5, wi rimbhhinj tdet ybu riej ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis ? fn Ynft 5 sb tdet ybu lnbw tdi hefn fjie fjintfſtmetfbn stretikfis tdet wfaa oi ixpafmftay fntrbjumij tdiri. Cbr Ynft 5, _iejfnks 5 enj ?, usi e sfhpai epprbemd wftd wdfmd ybu eri mbhcbrteoai, wftdbut kbfnk fntb tdi fssui fn eny kriet jitefa. Ft wbuaj oi diapcua, cbr ixehpai, tb devi stujints jfsmuss wdy tdi btdir mdbfmis jb nbt riprisint tdi hefn fjie bc tdi riejfnk.

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_iej tdi jfrimtfbns viry mericuaay. _iej eaa tdi pbssfoai enswirs oicbri mdbbsfnk tdi mbrrimt bni. Iafhfneti tdi bovfbusay fnmbrrimt enswirs. _imbknfzi tdet e wrbnk enswir hey fnmauji en fnmbrrimt cemt br fncbrhetfbn nbt fn tdi riejfnk. _imbknfzi tdet eaa fncbrhetfbn wftdfn tdi enswir hust oi trui cbr tdi enswir tb oi mbrrimt.

Vbu sdbuaj easb eairt stujints tb bni quistfbn typi tdet fs pbssfoay aiss cehfafer. Zb Zb inmbureki tdi syntdisfzfnk bc fncbrhetfbn, e sfknfſtment nuhoir bc huatfpai-mdbfmi quistfbns devi hbri tden bni mbrrimt enswir. Zdfs quistfbn typi fs fntrbjumij oy tdi jfrimtfbns Mfrmai eaa tdet eppay.

 Dbw tb Ysi Kinireaay, tdi tesls fn E Mabsir Abbl ainj tdihsiavis Kinireaay, wiaa tb mbhpaitfbn butsfji bc maess. Dbwivir, Dbwivir, wi sukkist tdet et ſtrst ybu kfvi stujints sbhi maessrbbh premtfmi fn enswirfnk tdfs simtfbn. E usicua tbba cbr stujints es tdiy mbhpaiti E Mabsir Abbl tesls fs Eppinjfx 5, Liy Sbmeouaery Sbmeouaery (pekis ?9;”?34 fn tdi ]tujint‖s Obbl). Zdfs eppinjfx afsts

Ziemdfnk ]ukkistfbns  =

 

tdi vbmeouaery eapdeoitfmeaay wftdfn iemd riejfnk, tdus prbvfjfnk emmissfoai enj mbnvinfint suppbrt cbr stujints jurfnk tdisi hbri jitefaij ixehfnetfbns bc tdi riejfnks. Cbr hbri fncbrhetfbn bn Eppinjfx 5, sii peki ; bc tdfs Ziemdir‖s Henuea.

]lfaa _ivfiw _etfbneai

 Dbw tb Ysi Zdfs emtfvfty fs oist fntrbjumij es e maessrbbh emtfvfty. Ft men tdin oi mbhpaitij iftdir fn br but bc maess es dbhiwbrl.

[brjs fn Mbntixt _etfbneai

]tujints niij huatfpai bppbrtunftfis tb premtfmi niw riejfnk enj vbmeouaery-oufajfnk slfaas enj stretikfis. Zdfs fs pertfmuaeray fhpbrtent es niw slfaas eri fntrbjumij tdet oufaj upbn unjirstenjfnk bc tdbsi privfbusay teukdt.

Ynjirstenjfnk tdi hienfnk bc unlnbwn terkit wbrjs oy pirmifvfnk tdi surrbunjfnk mbntixt bc tdi wbrj des oiin jihbnstretij tb oi en fhpbrtent slfaa fn vbmeouaery emqufsftfbn. Zdfs emtfvfty diaps stujints tb sii s ii tdi afnkufstfm mbntixts fn wdfmd tdi terkit wbrjs oiabnk.

Jismrfptfbn

Jismrfptfbn

Zdi ]lfaa _ivfiw eaabws stujints tb premtfmi spimfſtm slfaas fntrbjumij fn tdi ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis simtfbns. Zdi mbntint ri﬏imts tdi privfbus riejfnk, enj tdiricbri sdbuaj oi sucſtmfintay cehfafer tb ineoai stujints tb cbmus bn tdi slfaa ftsiac.

Zdiri eri tdrii typis bc [brjs fn Mbntixt emtfvftfis7 ſtaafn-tdi-oaenl wftdfn sintinmis, ſtaa-fn-tdi oaenls wftdfn perekrepds, enj hetmdfnk. Eaa emtfvftfis fntrbjumi wbrjs br pdresis crbh tdi riejfnks tdet devi nbt oiin terkitij fn tdi primijfnk Jiſtnftfbns ixirmfsi. Zdi liy vbmeouaery ftihs eri prisintij et tdi oikfnnfnk bc tdi emtfvfty.

 Dbw tb Ysi Zdfs fs e kbbj dbhiwbrl essfknhint. ]tujints men tdin mbhperi tdifr wbrl fn sheaa krbups. Fc stujints inmbuntir prboaihs wftd tdfs tesl, jfrimt tdih oeml tb tdi epprbprfeti ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis simtfbn. Ft fs wbrtd telfnk tdi tfhi fn maess tb rieaay ixpaefn tdisi tesls sfnmi tdiy eri liy tb emejihfm riejfnk.

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphint

 Dbw tb Ysi Zdfs emtfvfty men oi mbhpaitij iftdir fn br but bc maess. Inmbureki stujints tb kb oeml tb tdi riejfnk enj ſtnj tdi terkit wbrjs fc tdiy mennbt riejfay enswir tdi quistfbns. Eatdbukd tdisi wbrjs eri rimymaij fn aetir riejfnks, wi inmbureki ybu tb ixpenj tdfs premtfmi oy mrietfnk vbmeouaery tists cbmusfnk bn tdisi terkit wbrjs. Zistfnk stujints bn sbhi bc tdi vbmeouaery crbh Ynft 5 wdfai tdiy eri wbrlfnk bn aetir unfts, cbr ixehpai, wfaa diap tdih tb ritefn vbmeouaery. vbmeouaery.

Jicfnftfbns ]ynbnyhs _etfbneai

Zdfs emtfvfty prbvfjis e sfhpai enj strumturij wey cbr stujints tb teli tdifr ſtrst stips fn aiernfnk tdi terkit vbmeouaery fn iemd bc tdi ?: riejfnks.

Jismrfptfbn Fn tdfs emtfvfty, stujints ſtnj e wbrj fn tdi riejfnk tdet fs sfhfaer fn hienfnk tb iemd bc 50 kfvin jiſtnftfbns. Zdfs fs e sfhpai wey cbr stujints tb cbmus bn terkit vbmeouaery fn mbntixt wftdbut devfnk tb usi ofafnkuea jfmtfbnerfis. Pert-bc-spiimd fncbrhetfbn eobut tdi terkit vbmeouaery des oiin prbvfjij sb tdet stujints men fntikreti tdfs fncbrhetfbn fntb tdi vbmeouaery-aiernfnk prbmiss.

:

Ziemdfnk ]ukkistfbns

_etfbneai ]tujints niij huatfpai weys tb aiern liy vbmeouaery. vbmeouaery. Zdi ]ynbnyhs emtfvfty bccirs tdi mdenmi tb cbmus bn tdi hienfnk bc liy wbrjs oy mbnnimtfnk tdet hienfnk tb cehfafer wbrjs enj pdresis.

Jismrfptfbn Iemd ftih fn tdi emtfvfty riqufris stujints tb siaimt tdi mbrrimt terkit vbmeouaery wbrj br pdresi tdet fs mabsist fn hienfnk tb tdi wbrjs fn perintdisis. ]tujints tdin usi tdfs fncbrhetfbn tb ſtaa fn tdi oaenl afnis cbr iemd sintinmi.

 

 Dbw tb Ysi Zdfs emtfvfty fs epprbprfeti cbr obtd fn enj but bc maess wbrl.

[brj Cehfafis _etfbneai Fntirhijfeti-aivia aiernirs niij tb oufaj tdifr emejihfm vbmeouaery qufmlay fn brjir tb oi summisscua fn hbri ejvenmij mbursis. _imbknfzfnk jfccirint wbrj cbrhs eaabws stujints tb fnmriesi tdifr rimiptfvi vbmeouaery qufmlay enj icſtmfintay. Oy cbmusfnk bn perts bc spiimd, tdfs epprbemd tb vbmeouaery oufajfnk easb hey diap stujints hbvi tbwerj tdi eofafty tb usi tdi vbmeouaery fn wrftfnk enj spiimd.

 Dbw tb Ysi Oicbri ybu oikfn tdfs emtfvfty emtfvfty,, ft fs fhpbrtent tb ixpaefn tdi sfknfſtmenmi bc kinirea emejihfm vbmeouaery. Heli suri tdet stujints stuj ints lnbw E[A E[A ftihs eri nbt timdnfmea, suogimt-spimfſtm tirhs out retdir kinirea wbrjs mbhhbn tb eaa emejihfm mbursiwbrl. _isiermd des sdbwn tdet stujints niij cehfaferfty wftd tdfs vbmeouaery fn brjir br jir tb unjirstenj mbaaiki tixts. Zdi Emejihfm [brj [brj Afst emtfvfty prbvfjis en bppbrtunfty cbr stujints tb kb oeml tb tdi riejfnks enj ixpabri vbmeouaery fc niijij. Zdfs men oi jbni but bc maess, out ft easb wbrls wiaa es e krbup emtfvfty wftd stujints jfsmussfnk pbssfoai enswirs enj ricirrfnk tb tdi riejfnks tb ixpaefn tdifr mdbfmis. Ft fs rimbhhinjij tdet stujints aiern tdfs vbmeouaery oy helfnk wbrj merjs.

Jismrfptfbn Zdfs emtfvfty fs fntrbjumij ectir tdi simbnj riejfnk bc iemd unft. Ft fntrbjumis ſtvi wbrj cehfafis. Zdi obajcemi wbrj fn iemd cehfay fs tdi pert bc spiimd tdet eppiers fn tdi riejfnk. ]tujints eri fnstrumtij tb abmeti tdi wbrjs

Oiybnj tdi _iejfnk

fn tdi riejfnk enj usi mbntixt mauis tb ſtkuri but tdi hienfnks. Fc tdi stujints eri stfaa unsuri, ybu hey jfrimt tdih tb Eppinjfx 5 bn pekis ?9;”?34 tb mdiml tdi hienfnk bc uncehfafer u ncehfafer vbmeouaery. vbmeouaery. ]tujints mdbbsi tdi mbrrimt wbrj cbrh tb mbhpaiti tdi 50 ſtaa-fn-tdi-oaenl sintinmis.

_etfbneai

 Dbw tb Ysi [i rimbhhinj tdet ybu fntrbjumi tdfs emtfvfty fn maess, es stujints hey niij hbri fnstrumtfbn fn perts bc spiimd. Zdiy hey easb niij kufjenmi fn usfnk tdi mbrrimt cbrh bc tdi wbrj.

 Emejihfm [brj [brj Afst _etfbneai Zdi Emejihfm [brj Afst  (Mbxdiej,  (Mbxdiej, ?000) prbvfjis e mbrpus bc tdi hbst criquintay usij emejihfm wbrjs.  Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns Mbnnimtfbns ? prbvfjis stujints wftd tdi bppbrtunfty tb aiern tdfs vbmeouaery vbmeouaery,, en emtfvfty tdet fs liy tb priperfnk cbr emejihfm mbursiwbrl mburs iwbrl fn eaa ſtiajs bc stujy.

Jismrfptfbn ]ftuetij ectir tdi simbnj enj cburtd riejfnks, tdfs ſtaa-fntdi-sintinmi emtfvfty cbmusis bn E[A E[A vbmeouaery ftihs crbh tdi twb primijfnk riejfnks.

Mrftfmea Zdfnlfnk E summisscua mbaaiki stujint jbis nbt hiriay emmuhuaeti fncbrhetfbn. _etdir, tdet stujint inkekis fn tdbukdtcua, ri﬏imtfvi, enj fnjipinjint tdfnlfnk fn brjir tb heli sinsi bc e tixt. Mrftfmea tdfnlfnk slfaas ineoai e stujint tb iveaueti wdet tdiy riej, heli mbnnimtfbns, esl quistfbns, sbavi prboaihs, enj eppay tdet fncbrhetfbn tb niw sftuetfbns.

Jismrfptfbn Iemd Mrftfmea Zdfnlfnk emtfvfty jiſtnis e spimfſtm mrftfmea tdfnlfnk slfaa enj tdin eaabws stujints tb premtfmi tdet slfaa fn e mbntixt afnlij tb tdi privfbus riejfnk. Ixehpais bc spimfſtm slfaas fnmauji maerfcyfnk mbnmipts, eppayfnk fncbrhetfbn tb niw sftuetfbns, enj bccirfnk bpfnfbns.

 Dbw tb Ysi Oicbri ybu oikfn tdfs emtfvfty emtfvfty,, ft fs e kbbj fjie tb jfsmuss tdi jfccirinmi oitwiin hihbrfzetfbn enj mbhpridinsfbn. Fntrbjumi mrftfmea tdfnlfnk slfaas es en issintfea pert bc mbhpridinsfbn. Zdfs fs pertfmuaeray fhpbrtent es sbhi stujints hey mbhi crbh ijumetfbnea systihs tdet ihpdesfzi rbti aiernfnk retdir tden mrftfmea tdfnlfnk. Zdi emtfvfty ftsiac mbuaj oi essfknij tb fn-maess krbups br es dbhiwbrl. Zdi aettir wbuaj eaabw stujints tb spinj tfhi ixpabrfnk tdi spimfſtm mrftfmea tdfnlfnk slfaa. ]tujints mbuaj tdin mbhperi tdifr rispbnsis fn krbups.

Ziemdfnk ]ukkistfbns  9

 

_isiermd

Jismrfptfbn

_etfbneai

Zdfs emtfvfty eppiers et tdi inj bc iemd simbnj enj cburtd riejfnk. ]tujints eri jfrimtij tb mdbbsi bni bc tdi privfbus riejfnks wftdfn tdi unft enj tfhi tdihsiavis es tdiy riej. Zdiy tdin rimbrj tdifr tfhi fn e mdert fn Eppinjfx = bn pekis ?;?”?;=. Zdfs premtfmi prbvfjis tdi bppbrtunfty cbr stujints tb sii tdifr riejfnk spiij fhprbvi es tdiy premtfmi.

]bhi tiemdirs hey went tb usi tdi riejfnks es en bppbrtunfty cbr tdifr stujints tb unjirteli sbhi risiermd bn tdi tbpfms bc tdi riejfnks.

Jismrfptfbn Zdfs emtfvfty bmmurs ectir iemd bc tdi ?: riejfnks. Ft bccirs tbpfms cbr stujints tb risiermd enj jfsmuss tdet eri riaivent tb tdi suogimt bc e riejfnk.

 Dbw tb Ysi Zdi risiermd quistfbns bccir bppbrtunftfis cbr stujints tb temlai hbri mdeaainkfnk riejfnk tesls es wiaa es tb pursui hbri pirsbneaay stfhuaetfnk espimts bc e kfvin tbpfm. ]bhi bc tdi risiermd riqufris stujints tb jb siac-ri﬏imtfbn br surviy maesshetis tb ketdir hbri jete. ]bhi riqufri stujints tb kb bnafni tb ſtnj ejjftfbnea fncbrhetfbn.

 Dbw tb Ysi [i jb nbt rimbhhinj tdet tiemdirs sukkist en fjiea wbrjs-pir-hfnuti riejfnk reti cbr twb riesbns. Cfrst, stujints wfaa riej et jfccirint retis. Iqueaay fhpbrtent, kbbj riejirs very tdifr reti emmbrjfnk tb e tixt enj riejfnk purpbsi. Fnstiej, cbmus bn fhprbvfnk fnjfvfjuea retis wdfai strissfnk tdet iccimtfvi riejfnk fnvbavis fnvbavis obtd ejiqueti spiij enj mbhpridinsfbn. Devi stujints riej Eppinjfx = oicbri tdiy mbhpaiti tdfs emtfvfty.. Zdfs wfaa eaabw tdi stujints tb aiern enj premtfmi emtfvfty stretikfis tdet wfaa fhprbvi tdifr riejfnk retis. Ft fs easb fhpbrtent tdet stujints fjintfcy pirsbnea riejfnk deofts,

[rftfnk

sumd es riejfnk but abuj br abblfnk et iemd fnjfvfjuea wbrj, tdet sabw jbwn riejfnk retis.

]tujints jiviabp jiipir unjirstenjfnk bc e riejfnk enj oimbhi hbri ejipt et usfnk us fnk niw vbmeouaery fc prbvfjij en bppbrtunfty tb ri﬏imt enj wrfti eobut wdet tdiy devi riej.

Ft fs e kbbj fjie tb mbhpaiti tdfs emtfvfty fn maess tdi ſtrst tfhi. Vbu Vbu hfkdt niij tb diap stujints s tujints mbhputi tdifr wbrjs-pir-hfnuti retis enj intir tdisi fn tdifr mderts. Hbst bc eaa, striss tdet afli eny slfaa, fhprbvfnk riejfnk spiij riqufris premtfmi.

_etfbneai

Jismrfptfbn Zdfs wrftfnk emtfvfty eppiers et tdi mabsi bc iemd riejfnk. Ft eaabws stujints tb usi tdifr jfsmussfbn enj risiermd emtfvfty es tdi oesfs tb wrfti twb sdbrt perekrepds.

 Dbw tb Ysi Zdi perekrepds men oi prbjumij fn br butsfji bc maess. _ihfnj stujints tb usi fncbrhetfbn crbh tdifr risiermd emtfvfty wftdfn tdifr wrftfnk. Ft fs easb e kbbj fjie tb inmbureki tdih tb usi niw vbmeouaery tdiy devi aiernij crbh tdet unft.

Fhprbvfnk Vbur _iejfnk ]piij _etfbneai ]abw riejfnk fs e mbhhbn mbhpaefnt bc simbnj-aenkueki aiernirs. Ft fs crustretfnk, enj ft fhpijis mbhpridinsfbn. [dfai fnjfvfjueas wfaa riej et jfccirint retis, krejueaay fnmriesfnk retis cbr eaa stujints wfaa eaabw stujints tb riej hbri iccimtfviay enj wftd hbri paiesuri enj mbnſtjinmi.

3

Ziemdfnk ]ukkistfbns

Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns Es tdi ſtnea rivfiw emtfvfty bc iemd unft, twb ixirmfsis kfvi stujints premtfmi fn isteoafsdfnk wftdfn sdbrt sdb rt tixts tdi mbdisfbn bc vbmeouaery, strumturea cieturis, enj brkenfzetfbnea pettirns.

_etfbneai Zdisi tesls prbvfji stujints wftd e cbmusij bppbrtunfty tb premtfmi riejfnk cbr mbdisfbn oitwiin sintinmis enj sdbrt perekrepds. Fn ejjftfbn, stujints kit e curtdir bppbrtunfty tb rivfiw r ivfiw rimintay terkitij emejihfm vbmeouaery.

Jismrfptfbn Ynfts 5 tb : fntrbjumi enj kfvi stujints premtfmi wftd stretikfis wrftirs usi tb emdfivi mbdisfbn7 ■  ■ 

_ipitftfbn bc liy wbrjs br pdresis Ysi bc prbnbun enj entimijint mbnnimtbrs

 

■  ■ 

Ysi bc meusi-enj-iccimt trensftfbn mbnnimtbrs Ysi bc mbntrest trensftfbn wbrjs

Ynfts 9 enj 3 eaabw stujints tb rivfiw enj eppay eaa cbur stretikfis. Premtfmi oikfns et tdi sintinmi aivia enj prbkrissis tb sdbrt perekrepds. Zerkit Zerkit vbmeouaery crbh tdi unft fs rimymaij tdrbukdbut tdfs Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns simtfbn.

fs tb bccir stujints iesy emmiss tb fncbrhetfbn bn tdi hienfnk enj usi bc iemd wbrj jurfnk tdi vbmeouaery aiernfnk prbmiss, ispimfeaay wdfai tdiy eri mbhpaitfnk tdi Sbmeouaery Sbmeouaery Jiviabphint emtfvftfis. Ft men easb oi usij jurfnk stujints‖ wbrl bn E Mabsir Abbl. Nbti tdet vbmeouaery crbh tdi E[A E[A fs fnjfmetij oy tdi fmbn.

 Eppinjfx ?7 Fnjix Zb Zb Liy Sbmeouaery Sbmeouaery  Dbw tb Ysi Zdfs simtfbn fs prboeoay oist pircbrhij fn maess, wdiri cefray fhhijfeti ciijoeml fs evefaeoai. ]tujints men wbrl fnjfvfjueaay br fn pefrs. Ciijoeml hey oi suppafij oy ybu enj/br iafmftij crbh stujints. Vbu Vbu men ixpenj tdfs premtfmi oy prisintfnk btdir gfksew-typi emtfvftfis. Cbr ixehpai, usi e perekrepd tdet des tdi sehi mbdisfbnoufajfnk stretikfis.

 Eppinjfmis  Eppinjfx 57 Liy Sbmeouaery Sbmeouaery (Pekis ?9;”?34) Eppinjfx 5 fs tdi ‑jfmtfbnery‘ cbr Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns Mbnnimtfbns ?. Cbr iemd riejfnk, tdi terkit vbmeouaery ftihs eri afstij eapdeoitfmeaay, jiſtnij sfhpay enj maieray, enj ixihpafſtij fn e sintinmi. Zdi jfmtfbnery‖s purpbsi

(Pekis ?36”?;0)

Eppinjfx ? fs en fnjix tdet afsts iemd liy vbmeouaery ftih oy tdi unft enj tdi riejfnk fn wdfmd ft fs ſtrst fntrbjumij, tdus eaabwfnk stujints tb abmeti tdi brfkfnea jfmtfbnery intry cbr e vbmeouaery ftih wdin nimissery. Nbti tdet vbmeouaery crbh tdi E[A E[A fs fnjfmetij fnj fmetij oy tdi fmbn.

 Eppinjfx =7 Fhprbvfnk Vbur _iejfnk ]piij (Pekis ?;5”?;=) Eppinjfx = oikfns wftd e afst bc stretikfis stujints men ihpaby fn brjir tb fhprbvi tdifr riejfnk spiij. Ft fs e kbbj fjie tb jfsmuss tdisi stretikfis oicbri stujints premtfmi tdfs slfaa. Ft easb fnmaujis e mdert tdet stujints wfaa usi tb rimbrj tdifr riejfnk retis es tdiy wbrl tdrbukd tdi ]tujint‖s Obbl.

Ziemdfnk ]ukkistfbns  ;

 

 Enswir  Ensw ir Liy  Ynft 57 Zdi Niws Hijfe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  50 Ynft ?7 Ijumetfbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5: Ynft =7 Zdi [braj bc Ousfniss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  54 Ynft :7 Pbpuaetfbn Mdenki enj Fts Fhpemt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  ?? Ynft 97 Jisfkn fn f n Iviryjey Afci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  ?3 Ynft 37 Zdi Orefn enj Oidevfbr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  =5

  6

 

5 Zdi Niws Hijfe ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 5 Ynjirstenjfnk Sbmeouaery Fn Mbntixt ]lfaa Premtfmi 5 Peki = ?..  ?  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

o m o e

Cbr fnstenmi Fn mbntrest sumd es Zdiy wirin‖t ixemtay suri bc tdi nuhoir oimeusi tdiri wiri tbb heny pibpai tb mbunt.  3. e . . . , tdbsi wdb mennbt riej br wrfti, 3. wrfti,

]lfaa Premtfmi ? Peki : ?.. o  ?  =. m =.  :. o :.

9. m 3. e

]lfaa Premtfmi = Peki 9 ?..  ?  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.  3. 3.  ;. ;.

jfccirint crbh tdi usuea prbvfjfnk e abt abt bc usicua fncbrhetfbn pibpai wdb ouy tdfnks viry sdbmlfnk stbp crbh jbfnk sbhitdfnk ybu went went tb jb kbbj< dbpicua enj mbnſtjint

_iejfnk 5 Zdi Niws Hijfe fn tdi Pest Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki 3 Enswirs wfaa very.

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki 3

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki 6 5.. Ceasi  5  ?. j ?.  =. m =. :..  :  9. 9.  3. 3.    

e, j Ceasi 5360 Zdi ſtrst Y.]. niwspepir stertij fn Obstbn. 5;9? Zdi ſtrst niwspepir fn Meneje stertij. 54:0s Niwspepirs oimehi mdiepir enj hbri pbpuaer.   5430s Ziaikrepd meoais unjir tdi bmiens wiri fntrbjumij.   544= Lreletbe iruptij.

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki 50  E  [B_J B_

JICFNF-

ITIHPAF-

PD_E]I

ZFBN

CFMEZFBN

prfbr tb (ejv) Per. 5 fnvintfbn (n) Per. = orfic (ejg) Per. = spennij (v) Per. 9 cunmtfbnfnk (v) Per. 9

MBNZ_E]Z

KINI_EA LNB[AIJKI

✝

O  5. m 5.  ?. e ?.  =. m =.

✝

✝

✝

✝

:. o 9. e

e

[dfai Vbu _iej 5.. eslij treviairs< ketdir erbunj enj afstin.  5  ?. mbuaj nbt riej ?.  =. aerki wfris =.

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki 6 e

50  Enswir Liy 

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt Jicfnftfbns Peki 55 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

abmea vfaaekirs ketdir mrfhis tirrfſtij

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

eccbrj fhhfkrents iekir wfris vbamenb

 

[brjs fn Mbntixt Peki 55 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

cbmusij bn neturea jfsestirs puoafsd irupt

9. 3. ;. 4.

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki 5;  evireki essessfnetij eppitfti jrehetfmeaay

 E   5. o 5.  ?. c ?.  =. j =.

:. e 9. i 3. m

_iejfnk ?

O  5. sbai 5.  ?. cer-riemdfnk ?.

:. cbrmij 9. vfiws

Zdi Dfstbry bc Iaimtrbnfm Hijfe

 =. oualy =.

3. _ivbautfbn

Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki 5= Enswirs wfaa very.

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki 5= PE_EK_EPD

UYI]ZFBN

9

Dbw jfj ieray tiaivfsfbn mdenki tdi niws2 [det mdenkis heji tdi rejfb hbri mbnvinfint2 [det wes tdi nixt jiviabphint fn tdi niws ectir niwspepirs2 [det eri tdi niwist mdenkis fn tdi hijfe2

:

Dbw des tiaivfsfbn niws mdenkij tdi wbraj2

= ? 5

[dfai Vbu _iej 5.. et tdi sehi tfhi tdet tdiy wiri  5 wiri deppinfnk  ?. Ivin pbbr pibpai br pibpai wdb afvij ?. afvij cer ewey ewey crbh eny mfty mbuaj nbw iesfay afstin tb e rejfb.  =. ?: dburs e jey< ; jeys e wiil  =.  :. shert pdbnis< HP= paeyirs :.

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt Jicfnftfbns Peki 54 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

trenshft afvi Mbnvinfint oettirfis niketfvi

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

orbejmestfnk Kaboea fhpemt evefaeoai Pemi

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

fn﬏uinmi sfknfſtment emmiss emmiaireti sfknfſtmenmi

[brj Cehfafis Peki 54 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

emmiss fn﬏uintfea trejftfbns emmiairetfbn trejftfbnea

 Emejihfm [brj [brj Afst Peki 56 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

niketfvi fhpemt emmissfoai jrehetfmeaay kaboea

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

trejftfbnea cbmusis bn puoafsd trenshfttij emmiss tb

Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki 53

]lfaas enj ]tretikfis ?

j

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki 53 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.  3. 3.

e, m, j Zrui m o Ceasi Z_EJFZFBNEA

Niwspepirs Ziaivfsfbn

Cfnjfnk Hefn Fjies ]lfaa Premtfmi 5 Peki ?? 5.. e  5  ?. o ?.

JFKFZEA

mbhputirs shert pdbnis HP= paeyirs teoaits

=. e :. j

]lfaa Premtfmi ? Peki ?= 5.. j  5  ?. m ?.

=. o :. m

Ynft 5 Zdi Niws Hijfe  55

 

]lfaa Premtfmi = Peki ?:

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki ?6

5.. m  5  ?. j ?.  =. Puaftzir wentij gburneafsh tb oi e rispimtij =. prbcissfbn.

PE_EK_EPD NYHOI_

CF_]Z ]INZINMI

?

✝

]IMBNJ ]INZINMI

= :

_iejfnk =

9

Mftfzin Gburneafsh

3 ;

AE]Z ]INZINMI

[DBAI PE_EK_EPD

✝ ✝ ✝ ✝ ✝

Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki ?9 Enswirs wfaa very.

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki ?9 PE_EK_EPD

? : 5 ;  3  9 =

ZBPFM

Ft wfaa ixpaefn dbw niws wes ripbrtij fn tdi pest oicbri mftfzin gburneafsh Ft wfaa kfvi e jitefaij ixehpai bc bni bnafni niws sfti. Ft wfaa jismrfoi mdenkis fn tdi niws hijfe tbjey. Ft wfaa jismrfoi rimint mdenkis fn tdi niws ousfniss. Ft wfaa jismrfoi prboaihs bc mftfzin  gburneafsh. Ft wfaa ixpaefn dbw trejftfbnea gburneafsts enj mftfzin gburneafsts men wbrl tbkitdir. Ft wfaa ixpaefn dbw trejftfbnea gburneafsts eri absfnk mbntrba bvir tdi niws.

Jicfnftfbns Peki =0 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

trenscbrh risiermd ijftbrs wbrtdwdfai fknbri

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

jivestetfbn ]urvfvbrs etteml  aest sbautfbn

[brjs [brj s fn Mbntixt Peki =0 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

c d e i

9. 3. ;. 4.

o k m j

_iejfnk : Itdfmea _ipbrtfnk

[dfai Vbu _iej 5.. mftfzin gburneafsts  5  ?. ripbrtirs enj ijftbrs jimfjij wdet ?. wdet niws tb puoafsd enj wdet niws tb fknbri

Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki =?

=.. ejjfnk, br pbstfnk, mbhhints tb  = tb tdi oabk  :. tdi pbwir bc mftfzin gburneafsh :.

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki =?

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki ?4 E ? O : M =

J ; I 3 C 9

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki ?4 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

Ceasi j Zrui j

5?  Enswir Liy 

9. 3. ;. 4.

o e, m, j, i Zrui e

Enswirs wfaa very.

m

[dfai Vbu _iej  5. tdiy jbn‖t tiaa pibpai tdiy 5. tdiy eri ripbrtirs. Zdiy pritinj tb oi sbhibni iasi sb tdiy men kb tb paemis wdiri ripbrtirs mennbt usueaay kb.  ?. faaikea emtfvftfis ?.  =. gburneafsts hust eaweys tiaa tdi trutd =.  :. e) Cfrst sintinmi :.  9. ripbrtirs easb teli pdbtbkrepds bc tdi rfmd enj cehbus 9.

 

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki =3 E = O : M 6

J 3 I 50

o, j e Zrui Zrui

5..  5      

e o m j

sinsetfbnea pbfsbnbus mbncissij risfknij

?. i c k d

prfvemy mbhpaefnij oiniſtt erristij

 Emejihfm [brj [brj Afst Peki =6

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki =3 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

[brjs [brj s fn Mbntixt Peki =4

9. 3. ;. 4.

:, 9, 5, =, 3, ? Zrui o 5 j, ? e, = i, : m, 9 o

 5. simurfty 5. ?..  ?  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

jbmuhints faaikea survfvbrs oiniſtts

3. risiermd ;. 4. 6. 50.

rigimtij mbnmipt fknbri trenscbrhij

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki =;  PE_EK_EPD

MAEFH 5

;

✝

4 6 50

MAEFH ?

Ixirmfsi 5 Peki :5

✝ ✝ ✝

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt Jicfnftfbns Peki =4 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

prissuri pritinj hinteaay faa ]imurfty celi

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns

jbmuhints faaikea sdbmlij ejjfmt miaiorftfis

?.. Guay ?0td, 5636 ” Zdet jey  ?   wetmdij ” wetmdij    pibpai eaa bvir tdi wbraj ” fntirnetfbnea tiaivfsfbn eujfinmi  =. ourieus ” tdisi niws ourieus =.   fntirnetfbnea ” eaa bvir tdi wbraj    sheaair niwspepirs ” sheaair mbhpenfis

Ixirmfsi ? Peki :? 5.. MEO  5  ?. OEM ?.  =. MEO =.

:. MOE 9. OEM

Ynft 5 Zdi Niws Hijfe  5=

 

 Ijumetf metfbn bn ?  Iju ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis =

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint

Ysfnk tdi Jfmtfbnery

Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki 95

]lfaa Premtfmi 5 Peki :9 5.. o  5  ?. o ?.  =. e =.

:. e 9. o

:. o 9. e

]lfaa Premtfmi = Peki :;    ?.   =.   :.   9.   3.   ;.   4.   6.  50. 50.

J 5

O M = :

I C 3 9

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki 95

]lfaa Premtfmi ? Peki :3 5.. o  5  ?. o ?.  =. e =.

E ?

ſtnj e sfhfaerfty br mbnnimtfbn oitwiin tdfnks aict sbhibni br sbhitdfnk fn e jfcſtmuat sftuetfbn rfkdt br gust jbfnk tdi sehi tdfnk et tdi sehi tfhi enj / br tdi sehi paemi mdenkij aiern sbhitdfnk mbhpaitiay viry fhpbrtent viry suri nbt strbnk

5.. m  5  ?. e ?.  =. m =.

:. Zrui 9. o 3. m

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki 9? 5..  5    ?. ?.    =. =.

e. o. e. o. e.

(n)7 e pertfmuaer pbsftfbn, jikrii, br ehbunt  Enswirs wfaa very. (v)7 tb oi summisscua fn e tist, ixeh, br mbursi Enswirs wfaa very. (n)7 en bmmesfbn tdet eaabws sbhitdfnk tb oi jbni< en bppbrtunfty   o. Enswirs wfaa very. :.. e. (n)7 e spemi br pbsftfbn fn e afni bc pibpai weftfnk  : tb jb sbhitdfnk   o. Enswirs wfaa very.

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt _iejfnk 5

Jicfnftfbns Peki 9=

Ijumetfbn Erbunj tdi [braj

5.. ixpenj  5  ?. Jiviabphint ?.  =. mbhpuasbry =.

Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki :4

3. bppbrtunfty ;. iasiwdiri 4. murrfmuauh

Enswirs wfaa very.

:.. smbris  :  9. ihpdesfzi 9.

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki :4

[brjs [brj s fn Mbntixt Peki 9=

Enswirs wfaa very.

5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

[dfai Vbu _iej 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

[din fnjustrfeafzetfbn fnjustrfeafzetfbn oiken o) tdi ſtrst enj simbnj eatdbukd o) Iesy tb unjirstenj

6. very 50. prbjumtfvfty

fnjustrfeafzetfbn fnjfvfjueas hiit tdi niij mbntrfoutis tb

9. 3. ;. 4.

cunjfnk ejventeki emejihfm ciis

_iejfnk ? Zistfnk fn Ijumetfbn Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki 99 Enswirs wfaa very.

5:  Enswir Liy 

 

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki 99 PE_EK_EPD

ZBPFM

=

Zists ectir simbnjery smdbba Zists Dbw tists men eccimt dieatd Zist prissuri fn unfvirsfty ixehs Zist priperetfbn prbkrehs Zistss bc netfbnea pircbrhenmi Zist Zdi fhpemt bc tist risuats bn e stujint‖s cuturi

3  : 9 ;  ?

Jicfnftfbns Peki 35 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

hiesuri mbabnfis Cemtbrs mbnsfjir inbrhbus

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

Mdietfnk botefn prbſtteoai mbhperi pbafmy

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

iveauetij iveauetij pircbrh erkui icſtmfint mbhpitij

[brj Cehfafis Peki 35

[dfai Vbu _iej  5. Zdi smbri bn tdisi stenjerjfzij 5. stenjerjfzij tists men bctin jitirhfni e stujint‖s ijumetfbnea cuturi.  ?. e) ixehpais7 Fnjfe, Zenzenfe, ?. Zenzenfe, enj Heaeysfe  =. e) Nbun =.  :. stujints dej siin tdi ixeh :. ixeh quistfbns oicbri tdi jey bc tdi ixeh  9. Netfbns easb usi tists tb iveaueti ijumetfbnea 9. pircbrhenmi.

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint

5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

mbhpitftfbn pircbrhenmi iveauetfbn erkuhint icſtmfinmy

 Emejihfm [brj [brj Afst Peki 3? 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

emejihfm ihpdesfzi pbafmy fnjfvfjuea mbntrfouti tb

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

cemtbr botefnij inbrhbus iveauetij iveaueti j ixpenj

Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki 96 E : O = M ;

J 9 I ? C 3

]lfaas enj ]tretikfis : Cfnjfnk ]uppbrtfnk Jitefas ]lfaa Premtfmi 5 Peki 39

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki 96 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

Ceasi o, m o, j Zrui

5.. E-], O-H  5  ?. E-H, O-] ?.

9. m 3. e, o ;. o, m

]lfaa Premtfmi ? Peki 33 5.. E-], O-H, M-]  5  ?. E-], O-H, M-] ?.

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki 30 PE_EK_EPD NYHOI_

CF_]Z ]INZINMI

]IMBNJ ]INZINMI

?

9 3 ;

AE]Z ]INZINMI

[DBAI PE_EK_EPD ✝

= :

✝ ✝ ✝ ✝ ✝

=. E-H, O-] :. E-], O-H

=. E-], O-], M-H :. E-], O-], M-H

]lfaa Premtfmi = Peki 33 5..  5        ?. ?.    

Zdi tiemdir dej nb trefnfnk. ]di wes sbhitfhis bnay 53. ]di dej tb swiip enj mbbl. ]di dej tb tiemd eaa suogimts tb eaa ekis. Fhhfkrents devi eaweys dej tb aiern Inkafsd. ]pielfnk Inkafsd eaa tdi tfhi fs tdi oist wey tb aiern. Ft wfaa oi derjir cbr mdfajrin fc tdiy spiel twb aenkuekis.  =. Zdi tiemdir kevi tdih niw nehis. =.   Zdiy mut tdifr defr.   Zdiy wiri bnay pirhfttij tb spiel Inkafsd.  

Zdiy wiri nbt eaabwij tb premtfmi tdifr bwn riafkfbn.

Ynft ? Ijumetfbn  59

 

_iejfnk =  Eatirnetfvi Ijumetfbn Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki 34 Enswirs wfaa very.

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki 34 E, M, I, K, D

[dfai Vbu _iej  5. jisfknij fn tdi 5690s, enj tdet tdiy devi 5. devi nbt mdenkij tb ſtt tdi niijs bc tbjey‖s wbrlpaemi  ?. e) (n) E niij br jisfri ?.  =. jfsekrii wftd stenjerjfzij tists< =. tists< jb nbt afli e trejftfbnea murrfmuauh< ihpdesfzi riafkfbus fnstrumtfbn< en bppbrtunfty tb spinj hbri tfhi wftd tdifr mdfajrin< tdiy men jb e oittir gbo bc tiemdfnk tdifr mdfajrin  :. Zdi cestist krbwfnk cbrh bc eatirnetfvi :. eatirnetfvi ijumetfbn fs jfstenmi aiernfnk ” telfnk maessis bnafni.  9. ]bhi stujints hey mbhpaiti e mbursi qufmlay< btdirs 9. hey teli humd abnkir.

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt Jicfnftfbns Peki ;: 5.. mrftfmfzi  5  ?. mbnmirnij ?.  =. bosbaiti =. :.. Epprbemdis  :  9. sdbrteki 9.

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki ;? E 4 O ? M :

O  5. Btdirs mdbbsi tb dbhismdbba oimeusi 5. oimeusi tdiy went tb ihpdesfzi riafkfbus fnstrumtfbn, . . . (Per. :)  ?. Aiernirs men stujy wdin tdiy went tb. Zdiy jb nb nbt ?. niij tb ettinj maessis et e pertfmuaer tfhi. (Per. ;)  =. Perints hey easb sii dbhismdbbafnk es en bppbrtunfty =. tb spinj hbri tfhi wftd tdifr mdfajrin. (Per. :)  :. . . . sbhi jb nbt afli e trejftfbnea murrfmuauh (Per. :. (Per. :)  9. Heny bnafni mbursis easb eaabw stujints tb wbrl et 9. tdifr bwn pemi. (Per. ;)  3. Abmetfbn fs bni fhpbrtent cemtbr. 3. cemtbr. Jfstenmi aiernirs men afvi fn bni mfty enj teli maessis crbh enbtdir mfty ” br ivin enbtdir mbuntry ” wftdbut ivir aievfnk dbhi. (Per. 3)

J ; I 6

3. ]tetfstfms ;. Epprbxfheti 4. abmetfbn 6. jfssetfsſtij 50. afliay

[brjs [brj s fn Mbntixt Peki ;: 5..  5      

e o m j

denjs-bn jisfkn wbrlpaemi eatirnetfvi

?. i c k d

dfkd-timd istfheti ispimfeaay mbnmintreti bn

_iejfnk :

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki ;? 5.. e  5  ?. o, m ?.

9. o 3. o

]lfaas cbr tdi Zwinty-Cfrst Mintury

=.. Zrui  =  :. Ceasi :.

;. Zrui 4. e, j

Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki ;3

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki ;=  E   5. 5 5.  ?. ? ?.  =. 5 =.

Enswirs wfaa very.

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki ;3 :. 5 9. ? 3. ?

]IMZFBN

ZBPFM

 FF 

E jismrfptfbn bc slfaas pibpai niij tbjey En iveauetfbn bc dbw jfccirint mbuntrfis eri tiemdfnk twinty-ſtrst mintury slfaas En ixpaenetfbn bc wdy twinty-ſtrst-mintury slfaas eri issintfea En ixpaenetfbn eobut dbw pibpai usi slfaas wdfai tdiy eri wbrlfnk Oemlkrbunj fncbrhetfbn eobut dbw tdi hienfnk bc aftiremy mdenkij tdrbukd dfstbry

 FS  S   FFF   F 

53  Enswir Liy 

 

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt

[dfai Vbu _iej  5. Zbpfm7 twinty-ſtrst mintury slfaas< Maefh7 tdiy 5. tdiy eri viry jfccirint crbh slfaas pibpai niijij fn tdi pest  ?. Cfrst, tdiy men ſtnj fncbrhetfbn, sumd es tixt, ?. tixt, vfjibs, enj eujfb ſtais, crbh jfccirint sburmis< Nixt, tdiy lnbw dbw tb iveaueti tdisi sburmis tb heli suri tdi fncbrhetfbn fs murrint enj emmureti< Cfneaay, Cfneaay, stujints usi e renki bc timdnbabky tbbas enj sbctweri prbkrehs tdifr fncbrhetfbn tb btdirs.  =. tb =. Fn prisint btdir wbrjs, mrftfmea tdfnlirs mrftfmea esl quistfbns eobut eobut tdi wbraj erbunj tdih.  :. o) oikfnnfnk :.  9. ainj tdih hbniy 9.  3. tdfs jfccirinmi fn emmiss tb timdnbabky 3.  ;. Ft fs jfcſtmuat tb istfheti dbw ;. dbw wiaa smdbbas eri tiemdfnk mrftfmea tdfnlfnk.

Jicfnftfbns Peki 4? 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

ixpirt mbaaeobreti riqufri Murfbsfty inmbureki

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

aeunmd Iccimtfviay Iccimtfv iay fnvistbrs ainj rikfbns

]ynbnyhs Peki 4? 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

murrint emmureti renki eneayzij

9. 3. ;. 4.

mrietfvi fnmbrpbretij inmbuntir issintfea

 Emejihfm [brj [brj Afst Peki 4=

Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki 40

5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

E 3 O ; M =

Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint J 6 I ?

o e e, o, i e, m

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

eneayzi inmbuntir renki ixpirt epprbxfheti

Ixirmfsi 5 Peki 49

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki 40 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

eatirnetfvi mrietfvi fnmbrpbretij jisfkn istfhetij

9. m 3. j ;. Zrui

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki 45 Pere =   e Maier mbhhunfmetfbn   o Mbaaeobretfbn< eofafty tb wbrl fn e krbup   m Mbhhunfmetfbn emrbss muaturis< aenkuekis Pere 4   e Iurbpi + Mdfne tiemd Inkafsd tb prfhery smdbba stujints   o ;?9,000 fntirnetfbnea stujints fn Y.].   m :00,000 fn K.O. :;9,000 fn Eustreafe

5.. Zdiy ” perin  5  perints ts   tdiy ” perin  perints ts  ?. Zdfs ” cestist krbwfnk ?. krbwfnk eatirnetfvi eatirnetfvi ijumetfbn ijumetfbn fs jfstenmi aiernfnk   ft ” jfstenmi aiernfnk  =. Zdiy ” stujints =.   tdfs ” mbaaeobreti bn tdifr ſtnea prbgimt    ft ” ſtnea prbgimt  prbgimt   :. ft ” prfhery ijumetfbn :. ijumetfbn  

ijumetfbn fs crii crii Zdfs ” prfhery ijumetfbn

Ixirmfsi ? Peki 43 5.. OEM  5  ?. EOM ?.  =. OEM =.

:. MEO 9. OME

Ynft ? Ijumetfbn  5;

 

= Zdi [braj bc Ousfniss ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 9

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint

Zdi Sbmeouaery bc Nuhoirs

Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki 6:

]lfaa Premtfmi 5 Peki 46 Enswirs wfaa very.  5. fnmriesij / rbsi / kriw< fnmriesi 5.  ?. ciaa / jimafnij / jrbppij / wint jbwn ?.  =. repfjay / sfknfſtmentay / sderpay / jrehetfmeaay =.  :. kriw / fnmriesij / rbsi :.  9. kriw / fnmriesij / rbsi 9.  3. krbw / rfsi / kb up / fnmriesi 3.

]lfaa Premtfmi ? Peki 60 Enswirs wfaa very.  5. Zdi mbst bc ikks fnmriesij crbh 54 mints pir jbzin tb 5. ;5 mints pir jbzin.  ?. Zdi mbst ciaa sderpay crbh ;5 mints pir jbzin tb =6 ?. mints pir jbzin.  =. Zdi mbst rbsi jrehetfmeaay crbh =6 mints pir jbzin tb =. 65 mints pir jbzin.  :. Zdi mbst wint up tb $5.44 pir jbzin. :.  9. F tdfnl tdi mbst wfaa mbntfnui tb rfsi stiejfay fn tdi 9. cuturi.

]lfaa Premtfmi = Peki 60 Enswirs wfaa very, out stujints sdbuaj fnmauji e verfity bc vbmeouaery crbh peki 44.

_iejfnk 5 ]uppay enj Jihenj fn tdi Kaboea Imbnbhy

E ?

J 9

O M 3 5

I C = :

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki 6: 5.. m  5  ?. m ?.  =. Ceasi =.

:. O ➘ J ➘ I ➘ E ➘ M 9. j

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki 69 5.. o  5  ?. m ?.

=. o :. j

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt Jicfnftfbns Peki 63 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

faaustreti paents mrbp iccimt Epprbxfhetiay

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

slyrbmlit survfvi fnkrijfint prbtist hegbr

[brjs [brj s fn Mbntixt Peki 63 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

ivint surpaus inirky eccimts

9. 3. ;. 4.

nbti privfbusay Mbnsuhptfbn cuia

_iejfnk ?

Enswirs wfaa very.

Zdi [brlcbrmi fn tdi Zwinty-Cfrst Mintury

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki 65

Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki 64

E, M, J

Enswirs wfaa very.

Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki 65

[dfai Vbu _iej 5.. rbsi< fnmriesi< fnmriesij  5  ?. es prfmis rfsi, jihenj ceaas ?. =.. ousfnissis< hust devi inbukd bc e prbjumt tb siaa  =  :. E mdenki fn suppay men devi e kaboea iccimt. :.

54  Enswir Liy 

 

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki 64 ]IMZFBN

UYI]ZFBN]

 FF 

[det fs e slfaaij wbrlir 2 [det fs butsburmfnk2 [det lfnj bc wbrlirs jb ihpabyirs i hpabyirs went2 [det jbis hbofai hien2 [det lfnjs bc gbos riqufri slfaaij wbrlirs2 Dbw jbis butsburmfnk sevi hbniy2

 FFF 

[det fs e kaboea wbrlcbrmi2

 F   FF   F   FFF   F 

[dfai Vbu _iej  5. hbvi perts bc tdi henucemturfnk prbmiss tb jfccirint 5. jfccirint mbuntrfis  ?. wbrlirs eri wfaafnk tb hbvi ?. hbvi ewey crbh dbhi tb kit e kbbj gbo  =. kbvirnhints =.  :. e) Cfrst sintinmi :.

[brj Cehfafis Peki 50= 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

privints henucemturis ﬏ixfoai ihpaby ettremtfvi

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

ettremt Henucemturfnk privintfbn ﬏ixfofafty ihpabyhint

 Emejihfm [brj [brj Afst Peki 50: 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

eccimts mdeaainki faaustreti epprbxfhetiay mbnsuhptfbn

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

inirky privfbusay primfsiay hegbr ﬏ixfoai

]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 3 Fncbrhetfbn fn Krepds enj Mderts ]lfaa Premtfmi 5 Peki 50; 

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint

o

Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki 505

]lfaa Premtfmi ? Peki 504

E ? O ; M 9

J = I 3 C :

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki 505 5.. m  5  ?. j ?.  =. Ceasi =.

:. m 9. e, m 3. j

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki 50?  5. Zdfs ” wdin tdi jihenj fs dfkd enj tdi suppay fs abw, 5. tdi mbst kbis up ft ” twinty-ſtrst-mintury wbrlcbrmi ft ” Inkafsd Zdfs ” pibpai eaa bvir tdi wbraj wbraj aiern ft  Zdfs ” diap tdi imbnbhy bc tdi mbuntry tdet e wbrlir aievis   Zdifr ” wbrlirs  9. ft ” Zdi tbtea ehbunt bc rihfttenmis wbrajwfji 9. ?..  ?  =. =.    :. :.

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt Jicfnftfbns Peki 50=  5. mrieti 5. ?.  ?  =.. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

jiviabpfnk wfaafnk spimfeafsts premtfmi

5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

90,000 9,000 500,000 ?90,000 ?49,000

3. ;. 4. 6.

=90,000 ?0,000 95,000 3?0,000

]lfaa Premtfmi = Peki 506  5. Kriin oufajfnk7 jbis nbt usi humd inirky 5. inirky enj wetir enj jbis nbt prbjumi humd westi enj pbaautfbn.  ?. Kbbj cbr ousfniss ?. ousfniss + wbrlirs  =. Y.]. $;5.5 ofaafbn =.  :. Y.]. $54.6 ofaafbn :.  9. Y.]. $5;=.9 ofaafbn fs e 5:: pirmint fnmriesi 9. fnmriesi bvir Y.]. $;5.5 ofaafbn  3. Zdi nuhoir bc kriin oufajfnks fs fnmriesfnk, enj 3. enj tdfs diaps wbrlirs.

_iejfnk = Mbhhunfmetfbn Zimdnbabky fn Ousfniss Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki 550

3. oaehi ;. 4. 6. 50.

Enswirs wfaa very.

Primfsiay wbrlcbrmi dfri Mdeaainkis Ynft = Zdi [braj bc Ousfniss  56

 

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki 550 UYI] UY I]ZF ZFBN BN CF CFKY KY_I _I =. =.= = CF CFKY KY_I _I =. =.: :

5. ?.

Ousfniss enj ]ustefneofafty

✝ ✝

Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki 554

=. :. 9. 3.

_iejfnk :

✝

Enswirs wfaa very.

✝

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki 554

✝ ✝

]IMZFBN

 FF 

[dfai Vbu _iej

 FFF 

 5. Zdisi tbbas ait pibpai wbrl tbkitdir hbri icſtmfintay. 5. icſtmfintay. Zdiy eaabw tdih tb mbaaimt enj sderi jfccirint lfnjs bc fncbrhetfbn fn tixt, pfmturis, eujfb, enj vfjib, cbr ixehpai.  ?. o) Pirminteki bc wbraj‖s ?. wbraj‖s Fntirnit usirs wdb afvi fn tdet mbuntry mbun try..  =. Zdi hbtbrmymai henucemturfnk =. henucemturfnk fnjustry fn Mdfne  :. o) Ixehpai :.  9. niw epprbemdis enj fjies 9.

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki 55: E = O : M ;

J 3 I ? C 9

:. o, m, i 9. o 3. o

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki 559  5. o 5.

?. e

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt Jicfnftfbns Peki 553 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

sderi tieh Hihoirs mbnstent Fntiremtfbn

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

Hfnfnk riwerj ]ukkistfbns Mbnsuhirs prbhbti

[brjs fn Mbntixt Peki 553 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

j i e d

?0  Enswir Liy 

 FF   F   FF 

[dy mbnsuhirs went sustefneoai prbjumts Mdenkis tb heli ousfnissis hbri sustefneoai Cbssfa cuias enj efr pbaautfbn ]ustefneoai prbjumts Duhen jeheki tb tdi invfrbnhint Zdi sbaer pbwir ousfniss

[dfai Vbu _iej  5. usfnk up neturea risburmis< pbaautfnk efr enj wetir< 5. mafheti mdenki  ?. ft pbaautis tdi efr< ft usis bfa< mers easb ?. easb ihft merobn jfbxfji (MB?) fntb tdi efr =.. krbwn< fnmriesi< kriw oy< fnmriesi  = fnmriesi  :. e typi bc wbbj tdet krbws :. krbws viry qufmlay enj fs e hbri riniweoai risburmi tden btdir trbpfmea wbbjs.  9. riusfnk baj hetirfeas fn niw weys 9. weys  3. ]evi hbniy< 3. hbniy< fhprbvi fheki

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki 55: 5.. o, m, i  5  ?. e, j ?.  =. o, j =.

 FF 

ZBPFM

9. 3. ;. 4.

o k m c 

Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki 5?? E : O 6 M ?

J ; I =

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki 5?? 5.. m  5  ?. e, o, j ?.  =. J ➘ M ➘ O ➘ E =.

:. Ceasi 9. j 3. o

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki 5?= 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

5690 fnmriesi fn mers Zdiy wfaa mbntfnui tb fnmriesi. seais bc sbaer inirky penias, mbst bc sbaer inirky penias  9. ?006 9.  3. Zdi mbst oiken tb jimriesi sb hbri pibpai wentij tb 3. ouy ft. Es e risuat, prbjumtfbn fnmriesij.

 

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt

 =. =.

ijumetfbn. [din tdi imbnbhy fs kbbj, tdiri eri abts M I  bc gbos tdet pey wiaa. Es e risuat, stujints aievi smdbba

Jicfnftfbns Peki 5?: 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

usi up _isburmis Mafheti Jrbukdts ivintueaay

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

run but riniweoai dyorfj Prfherfay fheki

[brjs fn Mbntixt Peki 5?: 5..  5      

e o m j

trbpfmea aivia ﬏bbjs jeheki

?. i c k d

 Emejihfm [brj [brj Afst Peki 5?9 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

mbnstent fntiremtfbn fnnbvetfbn jfstrfoutij prbhbti

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

tb ſtnj gbos. [din tdi imbnbhy jimafnis, tdiri eri M I  ciwir gbos, sb stujints stey fn smdbba.  :. :.

sbaer rijumi ihft pbaauti

tiehs pertfmfpetfbn fheki rbai mbnsuhirs

E jimafni fn tdi imbnbhy men oi kbbj cbr

Fn tbjey‖s imbnbhy, gbos men bctin hbvi erbunj tdi wbraj. Kaboea ousfnissis went tb liip tdifr aeobr M I  mbsts abw. abw. ]b tdiy hey hbvi tdifr cemtbrfis tb enbtdir M  mbuntry fc tdi aeobr tdiri fs mdiepir. Zdfs premtfmi fs  I  meaaij butsburmfnk enj men risuat fn unihpabyhint fn tdi mbuntrfis wftd dfkdir aeobr mbsts.

Ixirmfsi ? Peki 5?4 5.. EMO  5  ?. OME ?.

:. OEM 9. OEM

 =. MOE =.

Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns Ixirmfsi 5 Peki 5?;   ?. ?.

M I  _fsfnk bfa prfmis men meusi mdenkis fn tdi prfmi bc

btdir inirky sburmis. Mbrn fs en eatirnetfvi sburmi M  bc inirky. Es bfa prfmis rfsi, sbhi ousfnissis hey  I  stert tb prbjumi itdenba, e cuia heji crbh mbrn. Es e M I  risuat bc krbwfnk jihenj, mbrn prfmis hey fnmriesi jrehetfmeaay.

Ynft = Zdi [braj bc Ousfniss  ?5

 

:  P Pbbpuaetfbn Mdenki enj Fts Fhpemt  ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis ;

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki 5==

Mbaabmetfbns

JISIABPIJ [B_AJ

Pbpuaetfbn bc 5.3 ofaafbn fn

]lfaa Premtfmi 5 Peki 5=5   Aest hbntd ousfniss aiejirs dej e hiitfnk et mfty deaa tb jfsmuss dieatd enj secity fn tdi wbrlpaemi. Zdiri eri heny fhhfkrents fn tdi mfty‖s cemtbrfis, enj aiejirs eri mbnmirnij eobut tdi wbrlirs‖ aenkueki eofafty. Fc wbrlirs mennbt riej secity fnstrumtfbns, tdiri mbuaj oi en emmfjint. Zdi aiejirs jimfjij bn tdfs pbafmy tb heli suri tdet tdifr ihpabyiis stey seci enj dieatdy7 (5) Cemtbry henekirs wfaa riej fnstrumtfbns tb tdi ihpabyiis. (?) Fc tdi wbrlirs mennbt unjirstenj tdi fnstrumtfbns, tdi henekirs wfaa ſtnj sbhibni wdb spiels tdifr aenkueki tb ixpaefn tdi fnstrumtfbns tb tdih. (=) Eaa cemtbry wbrlirs hust wier secity kaessis.

]lfaa Premtfmi ? Peki 5=?   Zdi pbpuaetfbn bc tdi wbraj des krbwn sfknfſtmentay fn tdi simbnj deac bc tdi twintfitd mintury. Eatdbukd Eatdbukd tdi wbraj pbpuaetfbn jfj nbt krbw es cest es fn tdi ſtrst deac bc tdi mintury, tdi Iertd‖s pbpuaetfbn jbuoaij crbh tdrii ofaafbn tb sfx ofaafbn pibpai oitwiin 5630 enj 5666. Pibpai wiri dieatdfir enj afvij abnkir tden et eny tfhi fn duhen dfstbry. Dbwivir, Dbwivir, jurfnk tdi sehi pirfbj, mdenkis fn tdi kaboea invfrbnhint oiken tb emmiaireti7 tdiri wes e sderp fnmriesi fn pbaautfbn aivias enj e mbntfnubus jimafni fn neturea risburmis. Zdiri fs nbw wfjispriej mbnmirn eobut mafheti mdenki, enj tdiri fs strbnk suppbrt cbr tdi mbnmausfbn tdet tdi sie aivia fs rfsfnk. [det wfaa deppin fc tdfs pbpuaetfbn fnmriesi mbntfnuis2

]lfaa Premtfmi = Peki 5=? 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

mericua ettintfbn imbnbhfm mbnjftfbn dieatdy cbbj strbnk ivfjinmi

9. 3. ;. 4.

abw retis stiejy jimafni sfknfſtment jfccirinmi itdnfm krbups

✝

✝

✝

✝

✝

[dfai Vbu _iej 5.. eki renki< pbpuaetfbn trinjs< wbraj pbpuaetfbn  5  ?. Bni bc tdi hbst fhpbrtent cemtbrs fs afci ixpimtenmy ?. ixpimtenmy.. Enbtdir fhpbrtent cemtbr fs e netfbn‖s cirtfafty reti.  =. Zdi cirtfafty reti fs tdi evireki =. evireki nuhoir bc mdfajrin pir wbhen.  :. Afli afci ixpimtenmy, :. ixpimtenmy, e mbuntry‖s cirtfafty reti fs easb riaetij tb fts jiviabphint.  9. heny mbuntrfis oimehi mbnmirnij eobut tdifr 9. slyrbmlitfnk pbpuaetfbns

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki 5=;  E 9 O ? M ;

J : I = C 3

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki 5=;  5.. o  5  ?. o ?.  =. j =.

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki 5=4

Pbpuaetfbn Zrinjs

5.. kbvirnhint prbkrehs  5  ?. ijumetfbn aivia ?.

Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki 5==

 =. eki renki =.

??  Enswir Liy 

✝

?000 Hbri tden ?.? ofrtds pir wbhen fn ?004 Ciwir tden ?.? ofrtds pir wbhen fn ?004 Prijfmtij tb oi hbri tden ; ofaafbn fn ?090 Prijfmtij tb fnmriesi oy hbri tden ? ofaafbn oitwiin ?000 enj ?050 Pbpuaetfbn bc hbri tden 9 ofaafbn fn ?050

_iejfnk 5

Enswirs wfaa very.

JISIABPFNK [B_AJ

:. Ceasi 9. o 3. e, m, i

:. pbpuaetfbn krbwtd 9. cirtfafty reti

 

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt Jicfnftfbns Peki 5=6 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

Jihbkrepdy pbpuaetfbn Zrinjs Cfkuris suppbrt

Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki 5:: 3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

Cfnenmfea Pineatfis ixpabsfbn ripaemi ritfrij

[brjs fn Mbntixt Peki 5=6 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

sfnkai teli, sirfbusay spimfſtm ekrfmuaturi

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint

9. 3. ;. 4.

Emmbrjfnk tb ristrfmts dykfini ixfstfnk

E : O 9 M =

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki 5:: 5.  5  ?.. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.  3. 3.

_iejfnk ? Kaboea Hfkretfbn Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki 5:5 Enswirs wfaa very.

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki 5:5 PE_EK_EPD

UYI]ZFBN

=

[diri jb fhhfkrents typfmeaay kb wdin tdiy aievi tdifr mbuntrfis2 Fs hfkretfbn kbbj cbr tdi mbuntrfis tdet hfkrents aievi2 Eri tdiri niketfvi iccimts bc kaboea hfkretfbn2 Jb fhhfkrents eaweys hbvi tb mbuntrfis rfmdir tden tdifr dbhi mbuntrfis2 [det lfnj bc pibpai eri hfkrents2 [det iccimts jbis kaboea hfkretfbn devi bn dbst mbuntrfis2

3  ;  : ? 9

[dfai Vbu _iej 5.. hbvi crbh bni mbuntry tb enbtdir  5  ?. pibpai wdb hbvi tdifr dbhis crbh bni paemi ?. paemi tb enbtdir  =. eahbst es heny pibpai hbvi crbh viry pbbr mbuntrfis =. tb btdir mbuntrfis tdet eri nbt rfmd  :. pbsftfvi fhpemt :.  9. Zdiy men easb eaabw slfaaij wbrlirs fn tdi dbst 9. mbuntry tb oi hbri prbjumtfvi

J ; I 3

?, o =, 5 m e, m, j Zrui DA / DM

P/N

 DA

P

 DA

N 

 DM

P

 DM

P

 DM

N 

 DM

P

Hbniy fs sint oeml tb hfkrents‖ dbhiaenjs. Zdiri eri ciwir pibpai aict tb wbrl fn tdi dbhiaenjs. Prbcissfbneas fn tdi dbst mbuntry oimbhi prbjumtfvi. Hfkrents prbvfji niijij aeobr. Hfkrents niij ixpinsfvi sirvfmis fn tdi dbst mbuntry mbun try.. Hfkrents mbntrfouti tb tdi dbst mbuntry‖s prbspirfty.

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki 5:9 MEY]I

jfccirinmis fn muaturi hfkretfbn

Z_EN]FZFBN [B_J] B_ PD_E]I]

ICCIMZ

cehfafis eri

hfsunjirstenjfnks aiej tb oitwiin krbups mbuntrfis absi hbst es e risuat bc  prbjumtfvi wbrlirs tbwns absi sb

jfvfjij fhhfkrents fnvist slfaas fn niw mbuntry

pbpuaetfbn ciw niw bppbrtunftfis fn dbhiaenj

es e risuat

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt Jicfnftfbns Peki 5:3 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

Obrjirs fssui dbhiaenj typfmea prbspirbus

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

Aeobr eaabw Fnmbhi wfjispriej _isfjints

Ynft : Pbpuaetfbn Mdenki enj Fts Fhpemt   ?=

 

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint

[brj Cehfafis Peki 5:3 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

wieatdy brfkfnea hfkretfbn fntintfbn wieatd

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

pirhft brfkfn fntinj hfkreti pirhfssfbn

 Emejihfm [brj [brj Afst Peki 5:;  5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

risfjints spimfſtm fnmbhi wfjispriej trinjs

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

ſtnenmfea hfkretfbn aeobr ristrfmt fssui

]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 4 ]mennfnk cbr ]pimfcfm Fncbrhetfbn ]lfaa Premtfmi 5 Peki 590 5.. Oifgfnk  5  ?. Abnjbn ?.

=. Jiadf :. (bvir) ?9 hfaafbn

]lfaa Premtfmi ? Peki 595  5. Zdbhes Heatdus7 Inkafsd imbnbhfst fntiristij fn 5. jihbkrepdy  ?. 5;64 ?.  =. Heatdusfens7 Pibpai wdb ekrii =. ekrii wftd dfs fjies  :. wer, jfsiesi, enj sheaair cehfafis :. cehfafis

_iejfnk = Zdi Krbwtd bc Mftfis

Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki 599 E ? O 9 M 3

J : I = C 5

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki 599 5.  5  ?.. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

e, j Zrui o, j j

9. i 3. o, Zrui ;. o

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki 593 5.. = pirmint  5  ?. =.= ofaafbn ?.  =. Iurbpi =.

:. e sbmfbabkfst 9. tdi wieatdy 3. sauhs

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt Jicfnftfbns Peki 59;  5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

uroen derobr ]ittaihints pettirn sbmfbabkfst

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

sirfis suouros hbjia ]irvfmis mrftfmea

]ynbnyhs Peki 59;  5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

fntirnea mbhhunftfis treji rurea

9. 3. ;. 4.

surrbunjij ivbavij vforent simtbr

Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki 59? Enswirs wfaa very.

_iejfnk :

Mdeaainkis Cemfnk tdi [braj‖s Mftfis

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki 59? E, O, C

[dfai Vbu _iej 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

90 pirmint treji< riafkfbn< simurfty< muaturi o) Iurbpien enj Nbrtd Ehirfmen mftfis squettir sittaihints Mftfis devi jiviabpij jiviabpij fn jfccirint weys weys erbunj tdi wbraj out tdiy easb sderi sbhi cieturis.

?:  Enswir Liy 

Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki 596 Enswirs wfaa very.

 

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki 596 ]IMZFBN

ZBPFM

 FFF 

Zrecſtm prboaihs fn hegbr mftfis Orietdfnk prboaihs cbr risfjints bc mftfis wftd oej efr pbaautfbn Pibpai wdb mennbt eccbrj dbusfnk enj devi tb afvi bn tdi striit Mbhhunftfis tdet usi eatirnetfvi inirky

 FFF   FF   FS   FF   F   F   FS 

_iesbns wdy mrfhi fs dfkd fn sbhi mftfis Zdi aerkist mftfis fn tdi pest enj tdi cuturi E jiſtnftfbn bc hikemftfis Paennfnk cbr oittir uroen afvfnk fn tdi cuturi

[dfai Vbu _iej  5. mftfis wftd e pbpuaetfbn bc hbri tden 50 hfaafbn 5. pibpai  ?. Es e risuat< aiejs tb< risuats< sb< Zdiricbri ?. Zdiricbri  =. mrfhi reti< hurjir retis =.  :. Enbtdir prboaih fn krbwfnk :. krbwfnk mftfis fs pbaautfbn. pbaautfbn.  9. bfa enj stiia paents< mdihfmea cemtbrfis< rispfretbry 9. faanissis< efr pbaautfbn  3. prboaihs wftd efr pbaautfbn enj dievy trecſtm< 3. trecſtm< en ixpabsfbn bc niw oufajfnks enj tdi abss bc perls enj bpin spemis

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt Jicfnftfbns Peki 533 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

Mbnsiquinmis Nutrftfbn mymai pirsfst kiniretfbn

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

unfqui mihitiry Zbhos oury _ispfretbry

[brjs [brj s fn Mbntixt Peki 533 5..  5      

e o m j

pbvirty fniqueafty sfhfaer prbvfji

?. i c k d

cemi reti vfmtfhs duki

 Emejihfm [brj [brj Afst Peki 53;  5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

simtbr sfhfaer mbnsiquinmis mbhhunfty mymai

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

ivbavij fntirnea unfqui pirsfst sirfis

Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns Ixirmfsi 5 Peki 536

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki 53: E 9 O 3 M 6

J ? I ;

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki 53: 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

m Ceasi m m

9. 3. ;. 4.

Zrui m e, m, j, i Zrui

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki 539 5.. Hikemftfis< ?0?07 =9  5  ?. afvfnk fn pbvirty< [braj ?. [braj Oenl7 = ofaafbn  =. 30 pirmint< vfmtfhs bc mrfhi7 ?00; Ynftij Netfbns =. stujy  :. Gelerte< hbtbrmymai7 bvir :. bvir = hfaafbn  9. Zfengfn-Imb-Mfty7 shert krbwtd< 9. krbwtd< wfnj + sbaer inirky< rimymaij refn wetir< 60 pirmint bc trenspbrt fs puoafm<

 ?. ?.

Eaa mbuntrfis devi ixpirfinmij sbhi mdenkis fn tdifr pbpuaetfbn krbwtd. Zdfs krbwtd des bmmurrij et jfccirint tfhis fn jfccirint perts bc tdi wbraj. Iurbpi enj Nbrtd Ehirfme dej en ixpabsfbn fn pbpuaetfbn krbwtd fn tdi ieray nfnitiintd mintury. Fn mbntrest, heny Ecrfmen enj Aetfn Ehirfmen mbuntrfis oiken tb krbw repfjay fn tdi twintfitd mintury.  =. =. Oittir dykfini enj dieatdmeri devi fnmriesij afci ixpimtenmy fn heny mbuntrfis. E sfhpai mdenki, tdi fntrbjumtfbn bc sbep fn tdi nfnitiintd mintury, heji e ofk jfccirinmi fn afci ixpimtenmy. ixpimtenmy. Hijfmfnis tdet privint jfsiesi devi heji en ivin ofkkir jfccirinmi. Dbwivir, Dbwiv ir, tdiri eri stfaa sbhi mbuntrfis tbjey wdiri tdi afci ixpimtenmy fs abw oimeusi bc tdi abw stenjerj bc dykfini enj dieatdmeri.  :. :. Dbw jb wi lnbw tdi pbpuaetfbn bc jfccirint mbuntrfis2 ]bhi mbuntrfis afli Meneje enj Inkaenj mbunt tdifr fndeoftents iviry 50 yiers. Fn mbntrest, Crenmi mbunts iviry sivin yiers, enj Gepen enj Eustreafe mbunt tdifr fndeoftents iviry ſtvi yiers. Zdfs fncbrhetfbn prbvfjis en istfheti bc tdi wbrajwfji pbpuaetfbn. Peki 5;0

iesy tb weal erbunj

Ixirmfsi ?  5. MEO 5. ?.. EMO  ?  =. MEO =.

:. MOE 9. MOE

Ynft : Pbpuaetfbn Mdenki enj Fts Fhpemt   ?9

 

 Jisfkn kn fn Ivi Ivirr yje yjey y Afc Afci i 9  Jisf ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 6  Sbmeouaery ]tujy ]lfaa Premtfmi 5 Peki 5;= Enswirs wfaa very. Merjs sdbuaj abbl afli tdi ixehpais bn peki 5;=.

]lfaa Premtfmi ? Peki 5;: Enswirs wfaa very. Merjs sdbuaj abbl afli tdi ixehpais bn peki 5;=.

]lfaa Premtfmi = Peki 5;: Enswirs wfaa very. Merjs sdbuaj abbl afli tdi ixehpais bn peki 5;=.

_iejfnk Zdi Jisfkn 5 bc Iviryjey Bogimts Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki 5;9 Enswirs wfaa very.

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki 5;9 E, O, J, I

[dfai Vbu _iej  5. bnay mrectshin mbuaj heli oieutfcua bogimts< nbw 5. hemdfnis mbuaj hess-prbjumi et e abw mbst  ?. jisfkn prfnmfpai ?.  =. hefn fjie7 heny prbjumts cefa tdi oesfm tist bc =. useofafty. Dbwivir, Dbwivir, e ciw sfhpai mdenkis mbuaj fhprbvi tdifr useofafty useofafty..   ixehpais7   • e abnk dbrfzbntea oer emrbss e jbbr tiaas usirs tb pusd   • E sdbrt virtfmea denjai bn bni sfji bc tdi jbbr tiaas usirs tb puaa   • en bvin fs turnij bn, e afkdt sdbuaj sdbw tdet tdi bvin fs bn.   • Fc oettirfis hust kb fn bni jfrimtfbn, tdi prbjumt jisfkn sdbuaj heli ft fhpbssfoai tb put tdih fn tdi btdir jfrimtfbn. :.. tdiy hey nbt afli ft oimeusi  : oimeusi ft fs tbb mbhpafmetij  9. niketfvi fhpemt 9.

?3  Enswir Liy 

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki 5;6 E :

J =

O 4 M 9

I 3

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki 5;6 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

j Ceasi o, i e

9. Zrui 3. e ;. m

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki 540 Enswirs wfaa very.

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt Jicfnftfbns Peki 545 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

mervi mbhpaix oesfm Prfnmfpais stbri

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

mbn﬏fmt wftd vfsuea pirsueji Paiesuri auxury

[brjs [brj s fn Mbntixt Peki 545 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

aietdir jimbretij syhobas pricir

9. 3. ;. 4.

mbncusfnk bwnir pey ettintfbn tb fjintfty

_iejfnk ? Irkbnbhfms Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki 54= Enswirs wfaa very.

 

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki 54=  E  CFKY_I 9. 9.5

Ciit ﬏et bn tdi ﬏bbr Oeml strefkdt

✝

Liyoberj ﬏et ]uppbrt cbr erhs

✝

]uppbrt cbr oeml 

✝

[rfsts strefkdt Hbnftbr et iyi aivia

✝

PDBZB

✝

✝

✝

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt Jicfnftfbns Peki 544 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

O o

[dfai Vbu _iej 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.      

Perekrepd ;7 Hefn fjie7 Irkb  Irkbnbhfm nbhfm jisfkn des imbnbhfm imbnbhfm oiniſtts.   ]uppbrtfnk jitefa7 Zriethint cbr fngurfis meusij oy  pbbr jisfkn jisfkn mbsts e abt bc hbniy hbniy   ]uppbrtfnk jitefa7 Pibpai hfss wbrl oimeusi bc fngurfis, wdfmd fs easb ixpinsfvi cbr ousfnissis.

icſtmfinmy< duhen mbhcbrt e jisl, mdefr, mdefr, enj mbhputir ybur iaobws et en bpin enkai Vbur ciit sdbuaj oi ﬏et bn tdi krbunj. Zdi mdefr oeml sdbuaj nbt oi strefkdt, dbwiv dbwivir. ir. wrfsts riaexij enj strefkdt.

 :. aeptbp mbhputirs eri fnmriesfnk tdi mdenmi bc :. wbrlpaemi fngury

Iqufphint jivfmi ]trefn Gbfnts Husmais

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

Pbsturi fnvbavi Difkdt aien hfss

[brj Cehfafis Peki 544 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

fngurij ejgusteoai rfsly fngurfis

 9. ejgust 9.

3. ;. 4. 6.

siaimtfbn rfslij riaexetfbn siaimtij

50. riaex

 Emejihfm [brj [brj Afst Peki 546

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki 543 E : O = M ;

J ? I 3

riaex fngurij syhoba mbhpaix jivfmis

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

mbn﬏fmts wftd fjintfty prfnmfpais vfsuea fnvbavis fnvbav is

]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 50

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki 543 5.. o  5  ?. m, j ?.  =. e, j =.

5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

:. j 9. m

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki 54;  Perekrepd 37 Hefn fjie7 Aeptbps eri eri ispimfeaay ispimfeaay afliay tb meusi fngury. fngury.   ]uppbrtfnk jitefa7 Hbri pibpai eri eri usfnk aeptbps aeptbps es tdifr hefn mbhputir    ]uppbrtfnk jitefa7 Aeptbps eri eri nbt irkb irkbnbhfmeaay nbhfmeaay jisfknij    ]uppbrtfnk jitefa7 Ysi bc aeptbps oy mdfajrin fs fnmriesfnk.

Zelfnk Nbtis crbh e _iejfnk ]lfaa Premtfmi 5 Peki 56? Enswirs wfaa very.   Oicbri tdi fnvintfbn bc tdi siwfnk hemdfni, mabtdis wiri heji oy denj bni et e tfhi. Zdfs tbbl e abnk tfhi. Zimdnbabky, dbwivir, des mbhpaitiay mdenkij tdi henucemturfnk bc mabtdis. 5 Fn tdi 54=0s, tdi siwfnk hemdfni wes fnvintij. Zdfs mdenkij tdi wey mabtdis wiri heji. Hfaftery unfcbrhs wiri tdi ſtrst ftihs bc mabtdfnk tb oi prbjumij usfnk tdfs timdnbabky. Prbjumtfbn fnmriesij es timdnbabky mbntfnuij tb mdenki.  ? Fn 5496, e cbbt pijea wes ejjij tb tdi siwfnk hemdfni. Nbw mabtdfnk mbuaj oi heji hbri hbr i qufmlay. = Aetir, ectir tdi fnvintfbn bc tdi iaimtrfm siwfnk hemdfni, mabtdfnk mbuaj iesfay oi hess-prbjumij.  : Hbri rimintay, mbhputir timdnbabky des jrehetfmeaay mdenkij tdi jisfkn enj Ynft 9 Jisfkn fn Iviryjey Afci  ?;

 

henucemturi bc mabtdis. Ft nbw telis bnay 60 hfnutis cbr mbhputirs enj eutbhetfm hemdfnis tb heli e hen‖s suft. Zdfs fs e duki sevfnks fn tfhi enj aeobr crbh tdi derj, sabw wbrl bc siwfnk oy denj.

]lfaa Premtfmi ? Peki 56? Enswirs wfaa very. F. ]lfrts ” abnk dfstbry                      

E. Enmfint tfhis 5. Hin enj wbhin wbri slfrts ?. ]lfrts heji bc enfhea cur  O. 54td mintury 5.  Hin jfj nbt nbt wier slfrts ?. [bhin‖s [bhin‖s slfrts wiri abnk + cuaa. ? hitirs emrbss M. 56?0s 5. ]lfrts refsij tb tdi lniis J. Hbjirn tfhis 5. 5630s ” hfnfslfrts ?. Aeti 56;0s, hfnfslfrts wiri nb abnkir pbpuaer.

]lfaa Premtfmi = Peki 56= Enswirs wfaa very.   En fntirfbr jisfknir fs e pirsbn wdb jisfkns tdi spemis wdiri pibpai wbrl enj afvi. Zdi jihenj cbr fntirfbr jisfknirs fs krbwfnk fn tdi Ynftij ]tetis< dbwivir,, stujints sdbuaj tdfnl mericuaay oicbri mdbbsfnk dbwivir tdfs meriir. Zdiy niij tb unjirstenj wdet slfaas tdiy hust devi. 5 Cfrst, en fntirfbr jisfknir niijs tb devi ejvenmij mbhputir slfaas oimeusi heny mbhpenfis usi sbctweri prbkrehs cbr jisfkn.  ? ]imbnj, tdiy niij tb unjirstenj tdi oesfms bc inkfniirfnk enj ert.  = Kbbj mbhhunfmetfbn slfaas eri easb viry fhpbrtent. Jisfknirs hust maieray ixpaefn tdifr fjies tb tdifr mustbhirs.  : Cfneaay, jisfknirs usueaay niij e mbaaiki jikrii. Ectir tdiy rimifvi tdi jikrii, tdiy wfaa niij tb wbrl cbr eobut tdrii yiers et e oikfnnfnk aivia. Jurfnk tdfs tfhi, tdi seaery fs nbt viry dfkd. ]tujints sdbuaj easb lnbw tdet tdi nuhoir bc fntirfbr jisfknirs fs ixpimtij tb krbw. 9 Es e risuat, ft wfaa sbbn oi qufti jfcſtmuat tb ſtnj jisfkn wbrl oimeusi sb heny pibpai eri mdbbsfnk fntirfbr jisfkn es e meriir.

 F.                    

Fntirfbr jisfkn jisfkn ” tdfnl oicbr oicbrii mdbbsfnk mdbbsfnk meriir  meriir  E. ]lfaas niijij  5. Mbhputir slfaas ?. Inkfniirfnk enj ert  =. Mbhhunfmetfbn slfaas :. Mbaaiki jikrii O. Ectir mbaaiki 5. = yiers et oikfnnfnk aivia ?. abw seaery M. Nuhoir bc jisfknirs fnmriesfnk 5. jfcſtmuat tb ſtnj e gbo

_iejfnk = Zdi Jisfkn bc Afvfnk ]pemi Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki 56: Enswirs wfaa very.

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki 56: E, O, J

[dfai Vbu _iej 5.. m) piemicua  5  ?. wdiries< emtfvi ?.  =. tdi diej bc tdi oij sdbuaj pbfnt fn tdi =. tdi mbrrimt jfrimtfbn< oijrbbh sdbuaj nbt devi eny hfrrbrs fn ft oimeusi hfrrbrs heli ft jfcſtmuat tb rihbvi niketfvi niketfvi inirky.  :. rij fs tdi hbst ixmftfnk enj stfhuaetfnk mbabr< kriin :. fs e hbri piemicua mbabr< Oaui< piemi enj steofafty< [dfti< e mbabr bc oeaenmi.  9. Zrejftfbnea jisfknirs tdfnl bc dbrfzbntea, br ﬏bbr 9. spemi. Fn mbntrest, jisfknirs bc sheaa afvfnk spemis sey tdet tdiy try tb usi tdrii-jfhinsfbnea spemi.

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki 56;  E 9 O = M 5

J : I ?

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki 56;  5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

?4  Enswir Liy 

m Ceasi o, m, i 5o< ?j< =m< :e

9. e 3. e, o, j ;. m

 

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki 564

[dfai Vbu _iej

Enswirs wfaa very.

 5. wdiri tdiy wiri crbh, tdifr gbo, tdifr maess, enj 5. sbhitfhis ivin tdifr riafkfbn  ?. Zdi dfstbry bc wbhin‖s ?. wbhin‖s mabtdfnk fs enbtdir kbbj ixehpai bc tdi pbwircua hissekis tdet mabtdfnk men sinj.  =. Zdi cesdfbns tdet oiken es viry ixpinsfvi jisfkns =. ivintueaay eppier fn sdbppfnk heaas.

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt Jicfnftfbns Peki 566  5. ri﬏imt 5. ?.  ?  =.. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

3. stfhuaetfnk

strenkir brkenfzij mbhofnetfbn Pessfbn

;. 4. 6. 50.

riprisint hesmuafni jrissir tdrii-jfhinsfbnea

:.. Dfp-dbp jisfkn fs e kbbj ixehpai bc striit cesdfbn  :  9. Pbssfoai enswirs7 striit styais< cesdfbn trinjs< 9. dfp-dbp ertfsts< mabtdfnk seais< spbrts sdbis< mabtdfnk mbhpenfis< sdbi mbhpenfis  3. Vbunk pibpai paey en ispimfeaay fhpbrtent rbai fn dbw 3. cesdfbn mdenkis.

[brjs fn Mbntixt Peki 566 5..  5      

e o m j

pirsbneaftfis meah styais steofafty

?. i c k d

kufjiafnis fntirfbr emdfivi oeaenmi

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki ?03 E 55 O 6 M :

_iejfnk : Cesdfbn

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki ?03

Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki ?05

5.. m  5  ?. e, o, j, i ?.  =. o =.

Enswirs wfaa very.

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki ?05 ]IMZFBN DIEJFNK

FF

FFF

FS

Cesdfbn enj Fjintfty

Dbw Cesdfbn Hbvis tdrbukd ]bmfity [dy Cesdfbns Mdenki

J 50 I =

:. M ➘ J ➘ E ➘ I ➘ O 9. Ceasi 3. O ➘ E ➘ J ➘ M

ZBPFM]

✝

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki ?0; 

E dfstbry bc cesdfbn Cesdfbn enj siac-ixprissfbn Dbw mabtdis eri heji Mdenkis fn wbhin‖s cesdfbns Zbp jisfknirs fn wbhin‖s cesdfbns Cemtbrs fn cesdfbn trinjs Zettbbs es cesdfbn [diri tb stujy eobut cesdfbn Zdi rbai bc jisfknirs fn cesdfbn trinjs Cesdfbn trinjs fn Esfe [det fs mbhfnk nixt fn cesdfbn Dbw ybunk pibpai eccimt e ccimt cesdfbn Zdi ousfniss bc cesdfbn Zdi smfinmi bc cesdfbn Dbw tb stert e mabtdfnk ousfniss

✝

 5. 5.

✝ ✝

✝ ✝ ✝

✝ ✝ ✝

Zdfnl eobut tdi mabtdis ybu eri wierfnk rfkdt nbw nbw.. [dy jfj ybu mdbbsi mdbbs i tb ouy tdisi mabtdis2 Enj wdy jfj ybu mdbbsi tb wier tdih tbjey2 Afli hbst pibpai, ybu prboeoay mdbsi tdih cbr sivirea riesbns. Pirdeps ybu obukdt tdih oimeusi bc tdifr prfmi. Pirdeps ybu eri wierfnk tdih oimeusi tdiy eri mbhcbrteoai. Dbwivir, Dbwiv ir, ft fs easb afliay tdet tdiri wes enbtdir fhpbrtent riesbn cbr ybur mdbfmis ” cesdfbn ” tdi styais tdet eri pbpuaer nbw.  ?. ?. ]abway wbhin‖s cesdfbn oiken tb mdenki. Jurfnk [braj [er [er F,  I wbhin fn heny mbuntrfis dej tb kb tb wbrl cbr tdi ſtrst tfhi oimeusi M  hin  hin wiri ſtkdtfnk fn tdi wer. [bhin [bhin wbrlij fn bcſtmis, fn cemtbrfis, enj bn cerhs. Fn brjir tb M  wbrl  wbrl seciay, tdiy niijij e styai bc mabtdis tdet wes jfccirint crbh tdi abnk, cuaa jrissis tdet wiri mbhhbn et tdet tfhi,  I sb heny bc tdih oiken tb wier pents. Heny wbhin stfaa s tfaa mdbbsi tb wier pents.

Ynft 9 Jisfkn fn Iviryjey Afci

?6

Ynft 9 Jisfkn fn Iviryjey Afci  ?6

   

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt Jicfnftfbns Peki ?04 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

giwiary hisseki maess ofnj eweri

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

hfaftery ejbpt Butsfjirs puoafm diia

]ynbnyhs Peki ?04 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

aifsuri jbhfnent prfsbn tbukd

9. 3. ;. 4.

eppiea surviy nbrhea emlnbwaijki

 Emejihfm [brj [brj Afst Peki ?06 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

hfaftery jbhfnent surviys emlnbwaijkij kufjiafnis

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

nbrhea eweri emdfivi steofafty styais

Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns Ixirmfsi 5 Peki ?55  5. 5.

Bogimts eri bctin rijisfknij fn brjir tb fhprbvi tdifr useofafty. Bni ixehpai bc tdfs fs wdiiaij aukkeki. Pibpai nb abnkir strefn gbfnts enj husmais oimeusi tdiy jbn‖t devi tb afct dievy aukkeki. Zdfs risuats fn ciwir fngurfis.

 ?. ?.

Zdi Husiuh bc Hbjirn Ert fn Niw Vbrl des e mbaaimtfbn bc iviryjey bogimts. E pepir mafp, e obttai bpinir, enj e paestfm tbp bn e mup eri ixehpais bc bogimts fn tdi husiuh. Zdisi bogimts eaa prbvfji sfhpai sbautfbns tb iviryjey prboaihs. Oimeusi tdiy eri cunmtfbnea enj iesy tb usi, tdisi bogimts devi oimbhi e pert bc iviryjey afci.  =. =. Fntirfbr jisfknirs wbrl fn heny jfccirint typis bc spemis. ]bhi cbmus bn bni espimt bc jisfkn, sumd es privintfnk ripietij fngurfis wftd mbhputirs. Btdirs , dbwivir, dbwivi r, jisfkn dbhis enj mrieti spemis tdet ri﬏imt tdi bwnirs‖ pirsbneaftfis. E tdfrj krbup hey jisfkn spimfſtm spemis, sumd es dbtia rbbhs.  :. :. Ft fs fhpbrtent tb oi mbhcbrteoai wdin ybu eri jrfvfnk cbr e abnk tfhi. Oicbri ybu jrfvi, ybu sdbuaj ejgust tdi siet tb mbrrispbnj tb ybur difkdt. Vbu Vbu sdbuaj easb ejgust ybur siet tb aien oemlwerj e afttai oft. Cfneaay, heli suri tdi secity oiat fs ﬏et bvir ybur sdbuajir.  9. 9. Husfmfens devi eaweys fn﬏uinmij cesdfbn jisfkn. Cbr ixehpai, Iavfs Prisaiy jbhfnetij rbml husfm fn tdi aeti 5690s enj ieray 5630s. Dfs husfm enj cesdfbn ri﬏imtij niw fjies et tdet tfhi enj wiri viry pbpuaer. Oimeusi bc dfs pbpuaerfty, ybunk pibpai ejbptij dfs styai enj wbri ‑Iavfs mabtdis.‘

Ixirmfsi ? Peki ?5? 5.. MOE  5  ?. OEM ?.  =. OME =.

:. EMO 9. OEM

=0  Enswir Liy 

 

3 Zdi Orefn enj Oidevfbr  ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 55 Mbaabmetfbns

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki ?54 PE_EK_EPD

;  =

]lfaa Premtfmi 5 Peki ?53 5.. pey ” tb  5  ?. tb ?.  =. helfnk =.

:. paeys e ” fn 9. cbr

9 3  ? :

]lfaa Premtfmi ? Peki ?53 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

vfjib kehis jiviabp cbaabw pusd

9. et 3. e mdeaainki ;. teli ” bc 

]lfaa Premtfmi = Peki ?5;    Jr. Eaen Dfrsmd tdfnls di men prijfmt pirsbneafty crbh wdfmd sneml cbbjs e pirsbn pricirs. Dfrsmd, e smfintfst crbh tdi ]hiaa enj Zesti Zesti Zriethint enj _isiermd Cbunjetfbn, des spint hbri tden ?0 yiers stujyfnk tdfs fssui. Di des eslij hbri tden 54,000 Ehirfmens eobut tdifr cevbrfti seaty sneml. Di cbunj tdet pibpai wdb afli tbrtfaae mdfps (e Hixfmen-styai sneml) went ivirytdfnk tb oi pircimt. Fc ybu went sbhibni ybu men jipinj bn, ybu niij tb ſtnj sbhibni wdb pricirs pienuts. Zdiy eri nivir aeti cbr eppbfnthints. Dfrsmd men easb prijfmt pirsbneaftfis oesij bn fmi-mrieh ﬏evbr pricirinmis. Jb ybu afli venfaae2 Vbu eri prboeoay e prfveti pirsbn, out ybu afli tb teli rfsls. Eri ybu e mdbmbaeti abvir2 Vbu Vbu afli tb oi tdi mintir bc b c ettintfbn, enj ybu kit obrij iesfay. ]trewoirry2 Vbu sdbuaj evbfj striss. Pibpai wdb afli strewoirrfis wbrry eobut ivirytdfnk!  5. spint ” yiers 5.  ?. jipinj bn ?.  =. aeti cbr =.  :. oesij bn :.  9. teli rfsls 9.  3. evbfj striss 3.  ;. wbrry eobut ;.

_iejfnk 5 Orefn Jiviabphint enj Cunmtfbn Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki ?54 Enswirs wfaa very.

UYI]ZFBN

Jb wi lnbw ivirytdfnk eobut tdi orefn2 Dbw des timdnbabky diapij us tb aiern eobut tdi orefn2 Jbis tdi orefn mdenki es wi krbw2 [det deppins tb tdi orefn fn baj eki2 [det eri tdi perts bc tdi orefn2 Dbw jb duhens unjirstenj fncbrhetfbn2

[dfai Vbu _iej 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

fnvbavij fn< paey en fhpbrtent rbai< rispbnsfoai cbr fnvbavij br pfmturis oimeusi bajir pibpai wdb stey pdysfmeaay enj hinteaay emtfvi emtfvi mbntfnui tb heli enj liip niurea mbnnimtfbns

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki ??? E 9 O 3 M =

J ? I :

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki ??? 5.. 5 m, i< ? o< = c< : e, j  5  ?. Ceasi ?.  =. e, o =.

:. Ceasi 9. o 3. Ceasi

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki ??=

 E   5. jimfsfbns 5.  ?. fncbrhetfbn ?.  =. e rbai =.  :. fntb :.  9. cbr 9. O  5. 5.  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

fntiristij fn emmiss tb afkdts up paeys< rbai sinj fncbrhetfbn

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

tb up fn tb tb

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

heli jimfsfbns jfvfjij fntb ﬏bws tb rispbnsfoai cbr mbnnimtij tb

Ynft 3 Zdi Orefn enj Oidevfbr   =5

 

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt Jicfnftfbns Peki ??: 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

strumturi cunmtfbn niurbns risihoai jfeknbsi

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

petfint mbnsfstint surki rihefn triet

[brjs fn Mbntixt Peki ??: 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

prbmiss fnjfmeti oeml enj cbrtd liip treml bc

9. 3. ;. 4.

nirvbus systih fnvbavij fnvbav ij fn Prfbr tb mbnsfsts bc 

_iejfnk ? Zdi Ziineki Orefn Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki ??3 Enswirs wfaa very.

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki ??3 Enswirs wfaa very.

[dfai Vbu _iej  5. tdi orefn fs bnay eobut 40 pirmint jiviabpij 5. jiviabpij et ejbaisminmi  ?. Zdiri fs enbtdir surki bc krbwtd fn ?. fn niurbns fn ieray ejbaisminmi. Dbwivir, tdfs krbwtd oikfns fn tdi oeml bc tdi orefn fn eries tdet mbntrba aenkueki enj vfsfbn. Zdi tiinekirs wiri usfnk e pert bc tdi orefn riaetij tb ihbtfbn. Fn mbntrest, tdi ejuats wiri usfnk e pert bc tdi orefn riaetij tb gujkhint enj paennfnk. =.. kbbj et< rispbnj tb< mbhperij tb< riaetij tb< enkry et  =  :. Enbtdir cemtbr tdet helis ft derj cbr tiinekirs tb usi :. kbbj gujkhint fs aeml bc saiip.  3. vfjib mdet< mdiml Cemiobbl< tixt 3. tixt tdifr crfinjs< afstin tb husfm< jb tdifr dbhiwbrl   ;. mbhhft e mrfhi< telfnk fntb emmbunt< risuat fn ;.

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki ?=0 E = O ? M :

J 3 I 9

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki ?=0 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

o, m e, m, j, i o Zrui

9. o 3. j ;. e, j

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki ?=5  5. Yntfa rimintay, 5. rimintay, smfintfsts oiafivij oiafivij tdet jrehetfm mdenkis fn dbrhbnis meusij tdfs tiineki oidevfbr. Dbwivir, Dbwiv ir, niw risiermd sukkists tdet dbrhbnis eri nbt tdi bnay meusi.  ?. Zdiri fs enbtdir surki bc krbwtd fn niurbns fn ieray ?. ejbaisminmi. Dbwivir, Dbwivir, tdfs krbwtd oikfns o ikfns fn tdi oeml bc tdi orefn fn eries tdet mbntrba aenkueki enj vfsfbn.  :. Es mdfajrin oimbhi ejuats, ft fs fhpbrtent cbr tdih :. tdih tb oimbhi fnjipinjint, tb ixpabri uncehfafer sftuetfbns, enj tb devi niw ixpirfinmis. ]bhitfhis, dbwiv d bwivir, ir, tdfs aiejs tiinekirs tb teli pert fn rfsly oidevfbr.  9. Zdiy niij 6 dburs bc saiip iviry 9. iviry jey fn brjir tb cunmtfbn wiaa. Dbwivir, Dbwivir, e rimint stujy cbunj tdet 60 pirmint bc tiinekirs kit aiss tden 6 dburs bc saiip e tdet 50 pirminttdet kit huatfteslfnk aiss tden 3 dburs.  3. nfkdt, 3. ]bhi enj ivfjinmi sukkists fhprbvis fhprbvis sbhi slfaas. Denj-iyi mbbrjfnetfbn, cbr ixehpai, fhprbvis oy paeyfnk vfjib kehis. Dbwivir, smfintfsts devi easb cbunj tdet tdiri eri niketfvi iccimts. iccimts.

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt Jicfnftfbns Peki ?=? 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

Ejbaisminmi ejuatdbbj Dbrhbnis ixehfni riaetij

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

mrumfea aeml bc  stey up mirtefn Mbbrjfnetfbn

[brj Cehfafis Peki ?=? 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

heturfty strisscua rispbnsi fnjipinjinmi gujkhint

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

striss fnjipinjint heturi rispbnj gujki

 Emejihfm [brj [brj Afst Peki ?=: 5.. strisscua  5  ?. ejuatdbbj ?.  =. cunmtfbns =. :.. prbmiss  :  9. mrumfea 9.

3. Prfbr tb ;. mbnsfsts bc  4. mbnsfstint 6. heturi 50. rispbnjs

=?  Enswir Liy 

 

]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 5?

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint

Priperfnk cbr e _iejfnk Zist

Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki ?:?

]lfaa Premtfmi 5 Peki ?=3 5.. E smfintfst wdb  5 wdb stujfis tdi orefn  ?. Orefn heppfnk / fhekis bc orefn emtfvfty ?. emtfvfty  =. Crbntea abois =.

]lfaa Premtfmi ? Peki ?=;  Pbssfoai quistfbns7  5. [det eri tdi twb deavis bc tdi orefn meaaij2 5.  ?. [dfmd dihfspdiri fs mbnnimtij tb eneaytfmea ?. tdfnlfnk2  =. Dbw wbuaj ybu jismrfoi rfkdt-orefn tdfnlirs2 =.

]lfaa Premtfmi = Peki ?=;  Enswirs wfaa very.

E ? O 3 M :

J = I ; C 9

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki ?:? 5.  5  ?.. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

Ceasi o, j o, j e

9. 3. o, m m, i ;. Zrui

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki ?:=  E   5. Zdi aict dihfspdiri 5.  ?. Mbrpus meaabsuh ?.  =. Hin hefnay usi tdi aict dihfspdiri< wbhin usi obtd =. dihfspdiris. O Enswirs wfaa very.

_iejfnk = Zdi Heai enj Ciheai Orefn Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki ?=4

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt

Enswirs wfaa very.

Jicfnftfbns Peki ?::

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki ?=4

5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

PE_EK_EPD

3  = : ;  9

UYI]ZFBN

[det fs ciheai fntuftfbn2 Dbw jb jfccirinmis fn tdi heai enj ciheai orefn mdenki es kfras enj obys krbw bajir2 [det eri sbhi jfccirinmis oitwiin tdi ejuat heai orefn enj tdi ejuat ciheai orefn2 [dy jfj hin‖s enj wbhin‖s orefns jiviabp jfccirintay2 Dbw jb heai enj ciheai orefns prbmiss fncbrhetfbn2

[dfai Vbu _iej 5.. rispbnsfoai cbr< jfvfjij fntb<  5 fntb< mbnnimtij oy  ?. kfras rihihoirij pibpai / obys rihihoirij bogimts< ?. obys ” trumls, hemdfnis, oufajfnk oabmls / Kfras jbaas< obys paey enj ſtkdt pdysfmeaay / kfras paey hbri qufitay.  =. e tesl riqufrfnk spetfea eofafty =.  :. Dbw jfj tdisi jfccirinmis :. jfccirinmis fn heai enj ciheai orefns jiviabp2 _isiermdirs oiafivi tdfs wes mbnnimtij tb duhen survfvea.

mbnjumt ixpirfhint tinj tb ]petfea fhekfni

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

Fntuftfbn sinsi fntirprit duntirs fntiaafkint

9. 3. ;. 4.

ixtinsfvi supirfbr mbaaimtij rbuti

]ynbnyhs Peki ?:: 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

rimeaa ofbabky jfstfnmt mepemfty

_iejfnk :  Ejjfmtfbn enj tdi Orefn Mbnnimtfnk tb tdi Zbpfm Peki ?:3 Enswirs wfaa very.

Privfiwfnk enj Prijfmtfnk Peki ?:3 E, M, J, I

Ynft 3 Zdi Orefn enj Oidevfbr   ==

 

[dfai Vbu _iej

[brjs [brj s fn Mbntixt Peki ?9?

5.. sinj hissekis crbh bni niurbn tb enbtdir  5  ?. rijumi tdi ehbunt< fntirrupt ?. fntirrupt tdfs prbmiss< liip shblfnk  =. orefn riaiesis jbpehfni< ciiafnk =. ciiafnk bc paiesuri< jruks fhfteti tdfs prbmiss< orefn fntirprits tdi jruk es paiesuri  :. et wbrl< sdut jbwn< :. jbwn< cbmus bn< mbntrbas gujkhint< rispbnjs tb  9. striss fnmriesis tdi mdenmi tdet 9. tdet pibpai wfaa oimbhi ejjfmts  3. ejhft tdiy devi e prboaih< stey ewey crbh tdi pibpai 3. enj paemis mbnnimtij tb tdi ejjfmtfbn< devi tb stey et spimfea triethint mintirs

 E   5. i 5.  ?. j ?.  =. c =.  :. e :.

9. 3. ;. 4.

d m o k

O Enswirs wfaa very.

 Emejihfm [brj [brj Afst Peki ?9= 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

mbnjumt fntirprit maerfcy purmdesi ettftuji

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

pdysfmeaay jfstfnmt rbuti mepemfty fntiaafkint

_iejfnk ]lfaa Jiviabphint Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns

Hefn Fjie Mdiml Peki ?90 E ? O 6 M ;

J 4 I 9

 E Mabsir Abbl Peki ?90 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.

m, i M➘I➘E➘O➘J Ceasi e

9. 3. ;. 4.

Zrui o o o, j

]lfaa _ivfiw Peki ?95  E   5. E niurbtrenshfttir tdet sinjs hissekis bc paiesuri 5.  ?. ]tbps tdi orefn crbh mbntrbaafnk tdi ehbunt bc ?. jbpehfni  =. Jbpehfni aivias =. aivias sderpay fnmriesi. O Enswirs wfaa very.

 Sbmeouaery  S bmeouaery Jiviabphi Jiviabphint nt Jicfnftfbns Peki ?9? 5..  5  ?. ?.  =. =.  :. :.  9. 9.

ettftuji orieltdrbukd Nfmbtfni jisfri purmdesi

3. ;. 4. 6. 50.

fhfteti Pdysfmeaay Kinitfm vemmfni Entfobjfis

Ixirmfsi 5 Peki ?99  5. 5.

]bhi pibpai succir crbh abss bc hihbry es

tdiy kit bajir. Nbrheaay tdiy absi tdifr hbst rimint hihbrfis ſtrst. Krejueaay, tdiy cbrkit btdir tdfnks fnmaujfnk ivin wdiri tdiy afvi. Zdfs men meusi e abt bc striss cbr tdi pibpai wdb abvi tdih .  ?. ?. Zdiri eri sivirea jfstfnmt typis bc hihbry. Bni typi fs lnbwn es sdbrt-tirh sdbr t-tirh hihbry. _isiermdirs devi mbnjumtij ixpirfhints tb unjirstenj hbri eobut sdbrt-tirh hihbry. Es e risuat bc tdisi ixpirfhints, tdiy devi cbunj tdet sdbrt-tirh hihbry hiens tdet duhens men rihihoir tdfnks cbr bnay eobut =0 simbnjs.  =. =. Duhens devi viry kbbj vfsfbn mbhperij tb heny btdir enfheas. Btdir enfheas jb nbtCbr devi kbbj vfsfbn, out tdifr btdir sinsis eri pbwircua. ixehpai, mets devi en ixmiaaint sinsi bc shiaa enj dierfnk. Bn tdi btdir denj, sbhi fnsimts mennbt dier, out tdiy eri sinsftfvi tb viry sheaa hbvihints.  :. :. En etaes fs usueaay e obbl bc heps, out smfintfsts eri wbrlfnk bn e niw lfnj bc etaes ” en etaes bc tdi orefn. Zdfs etaes mbnsfsts bc fhekis bc ;,000 dieatdy orefns. Zdi smfintfsts paen tb put tdisi fhekis bn tdi Fntirnit sb tdet pibpai men sii tdih fn tdrii jfhinsfbns. ]mfintfsts dbpi tdet tdisi fhekis wfaa aiej tb krietir unjirstenjfnk bc tdi orefn.

=:  Enswir Liy 

 

 9. 9.

]ivirea stujfis devi ixpabrij tdi fjie tdet husfm men fhprbvi fntiaafkinmi. Bni stujy maefhij tdet husfm aissbns mbuaj fhprbvi spetfea prbmissfnk. Enbtdir stujy trfij tb sdbw tdet husfm aissbns fhprbvi hihbry. Dbwivir, Dbwivir, nb stujfis devi oiin eoai tb sdbw e mbnsfstint oiniſtmfea iccimt bc husfm hus fm bn fntiaafkinmi.

Ixirmfsi ? Peki ?93 5.. OEM  5  ?. MOE ?.  =. MOE =.

:. EMO 9. MEO

Ynft 3 Zdi Orefn enj Oidevfbr   =9

 

Uufzzis Ynft 5 _iejfnk Uufz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  =4  Sbmeouaery  Sb meouaery Uufz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  :0 ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis Uufz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  :5

Ynft ? _iejfnk Uufz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  :?  Sbmeouaery  Sb meouaery Uufz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  :: ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis Uufz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  :9

Ynft = _iejfnk Uufz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  :3  Sbmeouaery  Sb meouaery Uufz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  :4 ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis Uufz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  :6

Ynft : _iejfnk Uufz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  90  Sbmeouaery Uufz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9?  Sbmeouaery ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis Uufz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9=

Ynft 9 _iejfnk Uufz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9:  Sbmeouaery  Sb meouaery Uufz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  93 ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis Uufz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9;

Ynft 3  _iejfnk Uufz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  94  Sbmeouaery  Sb meouaery Uufz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30 ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis Uufz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  35

  =;

 

Nehi7

Jeti7

 _iejfnk  _iejf nk Uufz » Ynft 5 _iej tdi pesseki. Zdin enswir tdi quistfbns tdet cbaabw.

Pdbtbgburneafsh7 E Jenkirbus Gbo Gburneafsts paey en fhpbrtent rbai fn hbjirn sbmfity. Zdiy Zdiy heli suri tdet tdi puoafm des crii enj bpin emmiss tb fncbrhetfbn. Dbwivir, Dbwivir, wdin gburneafsts mbvir stbrfis fn abmetfbns eccimtij oy wer br neturea jfsestirs, jfsest irs, tdifr wbrl men oi jenkirbus. Zdfs wbrl fs dezerjbus cbr eaa gburneafsts, out cbr pdbtbgburneafsts ” pdbtbkrepdirs tdet mbvir tdi niws ” tdi gbo fs ispimfeaay jenkirbus. _ipbrtirs tdet wrfti tdifr stbrfis men sbhitfhis mbvir ivints crbh e jfstenmi. Zdiy men easb ſtnj but eobut e stbry bn tdi tiaipdbni br tdrbukd Fntirnit mbhhunfmetfbn. Pdbtbgburneafsts, fn mbntrest, hust oi rfkdt wdiri tdi emtfbn enj tdi jenkir eri. Zimdnbabky des mdenkij tdi wey pdbtbgburneafsts wbrl. Zdi ſtrst pdbtbgburneafsts eppierij fn tdi 5490s enj 5430s jurfnk tdi Mrfhien [er enj tdi Ehirfmen Mfvfa [er. Zdiy Zdiy tbbl bnay stfaa pdbtbkrepds, out jurfnk [braj [er [er F, pdbtbgburneafsts oiken telfnk hbvfnk pfmturis. Fn tdbsi jeys, j eys, tdi pdbtbgburneafsts‖ iqufphint wes dievy enj jfcſtmuat tb merry. Zbjey, dbwivir, tdi iqufphint fs viry afkdt enj pbrteoai. Zdfs eaabws  gburneafsts tb hbvi qufmlay enj kit viry mabsi tb tdi emtfbn. Zdiy Zdiy men trenshft afvi afvi vfjibtepi bc e oettai, e ſtri, br vfbaint stbrh. Pdbtbkrepds eri viry fn﬏uintfea enj men bctin devi e krietir fhpemt tden wbrjs. Zdiy eri pertfmuaeray fhpbrtent tbjey wdin pibpai bctin jbn‖t devi tfhi tb riej e wdbai niws stbry. stbry. Fnstiej, tdiy hey gust smen ft qufmlay enj abbl et tdi pdbtbkrepds tdet emmbhpeny tdi stbry. Es e risuat bc tdi fnmriesfnk fhpbrtenmi bc pdbtbkrepds, pdbtbgburneafsts eri unjir prissuri tb kit tdi hbst fhprissfvi fhekis. Pdbtbgburneafsts emmipt tdi rfsls bc tdifr gbo. Ft des sbhitfhis oiin sefj tdet iviry pdbtbgburneafst wents tb ſtnj en fheki tdet wfaa sevi e afci br stbp e wer wer.. Zdet fs prboeoay nbt afliay tb deppin, out tdiri devi oiin pbwircua pdbtbkrepds tdet devi jrehetfmeaay mdenkij puoafm bpfnfbn. Oimeusi tbjey‖s pdbtbgburneafsts men mbvir tdifr stbrfis sb mabsiay, tdiy sbhitfhis ſtnj tdihsiavis fn sftuetfbns tdet tdiy mennbt mbntrba. Es e risuat, heny pdbtbgburneafsts eri fngurij iviry yier. ]bhi bc tdih jfi, hbstay fn wer zbnis. Fn ?055, =: gburneafsts wiri lfaaij wdfai bn tdi gbo, heny bc tdih pdbtbgburneafsts. Zdiri eri easb psymdbabkfmea rfsls. [din tdiy eri pdbtbkrepdfnk e jenkirbus br jrehetfm sftuetfbn, heny pdbtbgburneafsts ciia e sinsi bc mbn﬏fmt. ]dbuaj tdiy kit tdi oist pfmturi br jb tdiy devi e rispbnsfofafty tb diap tdi pirsbn tdiy eri pdbtbkrepdfnk2 ]bhi pdbtbgburneafsts sey tdet tdfs mbn﬏fmt fs hbri jfcſtmuat tb heneki tden tdi pdysfmea jenkir. Fn tdi inj, dbwivir, dbwivir, tdiy sey tdet fc tdifr pdbtbkrepds men mdenki gust bni pirsbn‖s hfnj, tdin tdi rfsls eri wbrtdwdfai.

5

?

=

:

9

3

=4

 Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns ?

©Mehorfjki Ynfvirsfty Priss ?05= Pdbtbmbpfeoai

 

Nehi7

Jeti7

 _iejfnk Uufz » Ynft 5 (mbntfnui (mbntfnuij) j)  E   Hefn Fjie Mdiml  5. [det fs tdi hefn 5. hefn fjie bc tdi riejfnk2 riejfnk2  (9 pbfnts) e. Zdi gbo bc pdbtbgburneafsts des des mdenkij e abt fn tdi tdi aest 590 yiers. o. Pdbtbgburneafsh fs e jenkirbus out viry viry fhpbrtent gbo. gbo. j. Pdbtbgburneafsts men devi devi e abt bc fn﬏uinmi bn puoafm bpfnfbn.  ?. Hetmd iemd perekrepd hefn fjie oiabw tb e perekrepd crbh tdi riejfnk. [rfti tdi ?. nuhoir bc tdi perekrepd bn tdi oaenl afni.  (9 pbfnts)

     

Pdbtbkrepds devi e hegbr fhpemt fn niws stbrfis tbjey. Pdbtbgburneafsts bctin cemi psymdbabkfmea mdeaainkis. Pdbtbgburneafsh des mdenkij wftd ejvenmis fn timdnbabky. timdnbabky.

O  E Mabsir Abbl Abbl oeml et tdi riejfnk tb enswir tdi cbaabwfnk quistfbns.  (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

 5. Pdbtbgburneafsts‖ wbrl fs bctin hbri 5. hbri jenkirbus tden wrftfnk niws niws stbrfis. Zrui br Ceasi2  ?. [dy des pdbtbgburneafsh oimbhi hbri ?. hbri jenkirbus tbjey tden fn tdi pest2 e. Ft fs hbri jenkirbus jenkirbus tb teli hbjirn hbjirn vfjibs tden stfaa pdbtbkrepds. pdbtbkrepds. o. Pdbtbgburneafsts teli krietir krietir rfsls oimeusi tdiy tdiy went tb stbp wers. m. Niw timdnbabky timdnbabky des eaabwij tdih tb mbhi mbhi mabsir tb jenkirbus sftuetfbns.  =. Emmbrjfnk tb tdi riejfnk, fn wdet sftuetfbns jb hbst =. hbst pdbtbgburneafsts jfi2 e. Fn neturea jfsestirs m. Fn ſtris o. Fn wers j. Fn ſtkdts  :. Mdbbsi tdi mbrrimt twb ftihs :. ftihs oiabw tb mbhpaiti mbhpaiti tdi sintinmi7 Pdbtbgburneafsts Pdbtbgburneafs ts bctin devi tb mdbbsi oitwiin enj . e. kittfnk e kriet fheki m. evbfjfnk jenkir o. fn﬏uinmfnk pibpai j. diapfnk tdi pibpai tdiy pdbtbkrepd  9. Zdfrty-cbur pdbtbgburneafsts wiri lfaaij fn ?055. Zrui br Ceasi2 9.

M  Jicfnftfbns Cfnj wbrjs fn tdi riejfnk tdet men mbhpaiti tdi cbaabwfnk jicfnftfbns.  (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

 5. Zb 5.  ?. ]bhitdfnk tdet fs ?.  =. Fc sbhitdfnk fs =. (ejg) Per. ?  :. Zb :.  9. [din tdfnks br ivints 9. sehi tfhi. (v) Per. =

e niws stbry fs tb ripbrt bn ft. (v) Per. 5 fs jenkirbus. (ejg) Per. 5 , ybu men teli ft wftd ybu crbh paemi tb paemi iesfay iesfay.. sbhitdfnk fs tb abbl et ft br riej ft qufmlay qufmlay.. (v) Per. = iemd btdir, tdiy kb tbkitdir br deppin et tdi

 Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns ?

  =6

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Nehi7

Jeti7

Sbmeouaer bmeouaery y Uufz » Ynft 5  E   Zdi wbrjs fn tdi obx eri wbrjs tdet tdet ybu stujfij fn Ynft 5. Mdbbsi tdi oist wbrj tb mbhpaiti iemd sintinmi. Vbu Vbu wfaa nbt usi eaa tdi wbrjs.   (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

eppitft i eppitfti jbmuhints

evefaeoai fknbri

evireki fn﬏uinmi

oiniſtt prfvemy prfvem y

 5. E shert pdbni fs e viry 5.

mbnmipt sfknfſtment

mbnvinfint tirrfſtij

wey tb kit niws enj btdir fncbrhetfbn.

 ?. Zdi Fntirnit helis ft jfcſtmuat cbr miaiorftfis tb devi humd ?.  =. Niwspe =. Niwspepirs pirs tinj tb paemi tdi hbst

fn tdifr afvis.

niws stbrfis bn tdi crbnt peki.

 :. Fn tdi jfkftea eki, heny wbnjir fc prfntij niwspepi :. niwspepirs rs wfaa stfaa oi yiers crbh nbw.  9. Zdi puoafm‖ 9. puoafm‖ss

ſtvi

cbr tdi aetist timdnbabky liips mbhpenfis afli Eppai eafvi.

 3. ]bhi risfjints wiri 3.

afstinfnk tb ripbrts bc tdi epprbemdfnk durrfmeni.

 ;. Zdi ripbrtir wes eoai tb mbnſtrh dfs stbry wftd tdi ;. dfs fncbrhent.  4. Vbu men prboeoa 4. prboeoay y supirherlit mdimlbut afnis.

sint tb dfh oy

hbst bc wdet ybu riej fn tdi hekezfnis fn

O  Mfrmai tdi aittir bc tdi oist oist wbrj tb mbhpaiti iemd sintinmi. sintinmi. Zdi enswir fs eaweys en Emejihfm [brj Afst wbrj crbh tdi unft.   (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

 5. Ectir tdi stbrh, nb niws mbuaj oi 5. oeml bnafni. e. trenshfttij o. rigimtij

cbr sivi sivirea rea dburs untfa mbhputirs mehi

 ?. Zdi niws ripbrtij tdet tdiri wes bnay bni ?. e. fhhfkrent o. survfvbr  =. Zdi ijftbr =. e. ettemlij

m. emmiaireti emmiairetij j

j. fn﬏uinmij

bc tdi paeni mresd. m. vfaaekir

j. ejjfmt

tdi wrftir‖ wrftir‖ss stbry oimeusi nbni bc tdi cemts mbuaj oi mdimlij. o. rigimtij m. oiniſtttij j. cbmusij bn

 :. ]bmfea hijfe men devi e krietir :. e. jivestetfbn o. prissuri

bn sbmfity tden btdir typis bc hijfe. m. fhpemt j. pemi

 9. Zdi prfve 9. prfveti ti afvis bc cehbus pibpai sbhitfhis oimbhi tb eaa oimeusi bc tdi Fntirnit. e. emmissfoai o. fn﬏uintfea m. wbrtdwdfai j. celi  3. [ftd sbhi fntiristfnk ertwbrl, ybu men 3. e. risiermd o. rigimt  ;. Di wbrlij cbr ;. e. trejftf trejftfbnea bnea

e obrfnk wiopeki fntb en ixmftfnk bni. m. pritinj j. trenscbrh

niws hijfe cbr ?0 yiers oicbri stertfnk en bnafni niws sburmi. o. iekir

m. niketfvi

j. sdbmlij

:0

 Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns ?

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Nehi7

Jeti7

]lfaas enj ]tretikfis Uufz » Ynft 5  E   ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 57 Ynjirstenjfn Ynjirstenjfnk k Sbmeouaery Sbmeouaery fn Mbntixt  Enswir tdi cbaabwfnk quistfbns quistfbns eobut ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 5.  (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd) iemd)

 5. [din ybu hiit e wbrj ybu jbn‖t lnbw 5. lnbw wdfai riejfnk, ybu sdbuaj stbp riejfnk enj qufmlay abbl ft up fn e jfmtfbnery. Zrui br Ceasi2  ?. E stretiky tb usi wdin ybu jbn‖t lnbw ?. lnbw tdi hienfnk bc e wbrj wdfai ybu eri riejfnk riejfnk fs tb . e. abbl cbr mauis fn tdi sehi sehi sintinmi o. abbl cbr mauis fn tdi nixt sintinmi m. abbl cbr mauis fn tdi privfbus privfbus sintinmi j. eaa bc tdi eobvi eobvi =. Mdbbsi tdi mbrrimt wbrj br b r pdresi tb mbhpaiti tdi sintinmi.  E jiſtnftfbn hey oi fntrbj fntrbjumij umij oy br . e. br o. cbr ixehpai m. tdet fs

j. wdiries

 :. [dfmd stretiky wbuaj ybu usi tb kuiss tdi hienfnk bc tdi wbrj fn obaj2 :. Ynafli tdbsi wdb stbp oiafivfnk fn tdifr jriehs, tdbsi wdb  pirsfst wfaa summiij. e. jiſtnftfbn o. ixihpaf ixihpafſtmetfbn ſtmetfbn m. mbntrest j. kinirea lnbwaijki 9.. Ectir tdi mbntixt maui sfknea sumd es ybu wbuaj prboeoay ſtnj en ixehpai.  9 Zrui br Ceasi2

O  ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis ]tretikfis ?7 Cfnjfnk Hefn Hefn Fjies  Enswir tdi cbaabwfnk quistfbns quistfbns eobut ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis ?.  (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd) iemd)

 5. Zdi hefn fjie bc e perekrepd fs typfmeaay 5. typfmeaay ixprissij fn tdi ſtrst sintinmi sintinmi bc e perekrepd. Zrui br Ceasi2  ?. Zdi tbpfm bc e perekrepd fs ?. e. tdi hefn fjie o. tdi kinirea suogimt

. m. tdi wrftir‖ wrftir‖ss bpfnfbn

 =. Nbt eaa perekrepds devi =. devi e hefn fjie. Zrui br Ceasi2  :. Mdbbsi tdi mbrrimt twb ftihs :. ftihs tb mbhpaiti tdi sintinmi. sintinmi.  E hefn fjie fjie mbntefns mbntefns obtd e / en enj e / en . e. tbpfm o. ixehpai m. ristetihint  9. Pey ettintfbn tb tdi aest sintinmi bc abnkir perekrepds oimeusi ft 9. e. bctin ristetis tdi hefn fjie bc tdi perekrepd o. usueaay mbntefns tdi tbpfm bc tdi perekrepd m. hey tiaa ybu eobut tdi hefn fjie bc tdi nixt perekrepd perekrepd

j. maefh .

 Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns ?

  :5

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Nehi7

Jeti7

 _iejfnk  _iejf nk Uufz » Ynft ? _iej tdi pesseki. Zdin enswir tdi quistfbns tdet cbaabw.

Ia ]fstihe ” Mdenkfnk Ijumetfbn enj Mbhhunftfis Ijumetfbn fs eobut aiernfnk hetd, smfinmi, enj dfstbry, rfkdt2 Pirdeps, out bni hen fn Sinizuiae Sinizuiae fs suri tdet ijumetfbn fs eobut e abt hbri tden tdet. Jr.. Gbsæ Eoriu siis ijumetfbn es e wey but bc pbvirty cbr mdfajrin enj e wey tb Jr mdenki mbhhunftfis. Di tdfnls tdfs fs eaa pbssfoai tdrbukd husfm ijumetfbn. Fn 56;9, Jr.. Eoriu oiken Ia ]fstihe (]penfsd cbr Zdi ]ystih), e prbkreh tdet prbvfjis en Jr ijumetfbn fn maessfmea ma essfmea husfm tb tdi ybunk pibpai pibpa i bc Sinizuiae, Sinizuiae, ivin tdbsi wdb afvi fn tdi pbbrist mbhhunftfis. Jr.. Eoriu wentij tdi mdfajrin tb devi tdi bppbrtunfty tb aiern maessfmea husfm, out Jr di easb wentij tdih tb aiern eobut pirsbnea rispbnsfofafty, tdi fhpbrtenmi bc derj wbrl, enj wbrlfnk iccimtfviay fn e krbup. Di wentij tb fnmauji tdi cehfafis enj mbhhunftfis fn brjir tb prbvfji suppbrt cbr tdi ybunk husfmfens. Zbjey, Zbjey, hbri tden =00,000 ybunk pibpai fn Sinizuiae Sinizuiae eri pertfmfpetfnk fn Ia ]fstihe. Zdi prbkreh des oiin sb summisscua tdet ft fs nbw ixpenjfnk repfjay. Prbkrehs oesij bn tdfs epprbemd devi oiin aeunmdij fn abmetfbns eaa bvir tdi wbraj enj nbw riemd eahbst ? hfaafbn ybunk pibpai. Zdfs summiss heji smdbaers wbnjir dbw orbej fts fhpemt hfkdt oi. Fn btdir wbrjs, tdiy wentij tb lnbw fc tdi prbkreh des fhpemt oiybnj tdi jiviabphint bc tdi mdfajrin‖s husfmea eofaftfis. ]ivirea ]ivirea stujfis bc husfm ijumetfbn devi cbunj tdet ft men devi e renki bc pbsftfvi iccimts. Bni stujy cbunj tdet stujyfnk stujyfn k husfm ‑indenmis mdfaj jiviabphint, prbvfjfnk fntiaaimtuea enj ihbtfbnea oiniſtts tdet aest e afcitfhi.‘ Zdfs iccimt wes pertfmuaeray strbnk ehbnk mdfajrin wdb paey e husfmea fnstruhint. Fn kinirea, husfm ijumetfbn fs essbmfetij wftd dfkdir emejihfm pircbrhenmi, obtd fn hetd enj fn riejfnk. Bni iveauetfbn cbunj tdet tdi prbkreh prbhbtij stujints‖ mbknftfvi, pirsbnea, enj sbmfea slfaas, fn ejjftfbn tb tdifr husfmea slfaas. Ft fhprbvij tdifr hihbry, hihbry, ettintfbn, enj mbnſtjinmi. ]tujints fn tdi Ia ]fstihe prbkreh jfj oittir fn smdbba tden stujints wdb wiri nbt fn tdi prbkreh. prb kreh. Zdiy wiri easb cer hbri afliay tb stey fn smdbba untfa krejuetfbn. Bni espimt bc tdisi risiermd ſtnjfnks fs pertfmuaeray fhpbrtent. Fn pbbr mbuntrfis br fn pbbr eries bc e mbuntry, tdiri fs bctin nbt e abt bc hbniy cbr ijumetfbn, pertfmuaeray cbr husfm ijumetfbn. Pirdeps tdi kbvirnhint ciias tdet husfm ijumetfbn fs bptfbnea enj tdi mdfajrin sdbuaj mbnmintreti bn tdifr stujfis fn hetd, aenkueki, enj smfinmi fnstiej. Dbwivir, Dbwi vir, ft fs ixemtay tdisi pbbr mdfajrin wdb mbuaj kit tdi krietist oiniſtt crbh e husfm ijumetfbn prbkreh afli Ia ]fstihe.

5 ?

=

:

9

3

:?

 Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns ?

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Nehi7

Jeti7

 _iejfnk Uufz » Ynft ? (mbntfnui (mbntfnuij) j)  E   Hefn Fjie Mdiml  5. [det fs tdi hefn 5. hefn fjie bc tdi wdbai riejfnk2  (9 pbfnts) e. Sinizuiae fs aiejfnk tdi wbraj wbraj fn husfm ijumetfbn. o. Ft fs fhpbrtent tb oikfn husfm ijumetfbn ijumetfbn ieray tb kit tdi hbst oiniſtt. m. Husfm ijumetfbn des e pbsftfvi pbsftfvi fhpemt oiybnj oiybnj husfm.  ?. Hetmd iemd perekrepd hefn fjie oiabw tb e perekrepd crbh tdi riejfnk. [rfti tdi ?. nuhoir bc tdi perekrepd bn tdi oaenl afni.  (9 pbfnts)

   

_isiermd sdbws tdet husfm ijumetfbn diaps wftd btdir slfaas.

 

Husfm ijumetfbn des oiin ispimfeaay diapcua cbr pbbr mdfajrin.

Ia ]fstihe oiken fn Sinizuiae enj wes jisfknij tb kfvi pbbr mdfajrin en bppbrtunfty tb aiern maessfmea husfm.

O  E Mabsir Abbl Abbl oeml et tdi riejfnk tb enswir tdi cbaabwfnk quistfbns.  (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

 5. [dfmd bni bc tdi cbaabwfnk 5. cbaabwfnk wes nbt  ehbnk  ehbnk tdi tdfnks Jr. Eoriu tdbukdt mdfajrin wbuaj aiern fn Ia ]fstihe2 e. maessfmea husfm o. rispbnsfofafty

m. hetdihetfms j. dbw tb wbrl wftd btdirs

 ?. Ia ]fstihe des diapij eahbst ? hfaafbn mdfajrin fn Sinizuiae. ?. Sinizuiae. Zrui br Ceasi2  =. [det espimt bc husfm ijumetfbn des oiin cbunj tb devi tdi hbst pbsftfvi fhpemt2 =. e. paeyfnk e husfmea fnstruhint m. aiernfnk aiernfnk eobut maessfmea husfm o. oifnk eoai tb riej husfm  :. Mdbbsi twb ftihs oiabw :. oiabw tb mbhpaiti tdi sintinmi. sintinmi.  Husfm ijumetfbn ijumetfbn men men devi e pbsftfvi iccimt bn emejihf emejihfmm pircbrhenmi pircbrhenmi oy fhprb fhprbvfnk vfnk enj . e. hihbry o. sbmfea slfaas m. rispbnsfofafty j. ettintfbn  9. Zdi riejfnk sukkists tdet kbvirnhints 9. kbvirnhints wftdbut humd hbniy hbniy cbr ijumetfbn sdbuaj mbnmintreti bn hetd enj smfinmi ſtrst. Zrui br Ceasi2

M  Jicfnftfbns Cfnj wbrjs fn tdi riejfnk tdet men mbhpaiti tdi cbaabwfnk jicfnftfbns.  (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

 5. Fc sbhitdfnk des e / en 5. tdfnks. (ejg) Per. :  ?. Zb ?.

fhpemt, ft eccimts e abt bc pibpai br e abt bc sbhitdfnk sbhitdfn k fs tb heli ft oittir br strbnk strbnkir. ir. (v) Per. :

 =. =.

hiens riaetij tb ejvenmij fjies enj tdfnlfnk. (ejg) Per. :

:..  :  9. Fc sbhitdfnk fs 9.

slfaas eri riaetij tb tdfnlfnk enj aiernfnk. (ejg) Per. 9 , ft fs nbt riqufrij. (ejg) Per. 3

 Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns ?

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Nehi7

Jeti7

Sbmeouaer bmeouaery y Uufz » Ynft ?  E   Zdi wbrjs fn tdi obx eri wbrjs tdet tdet ybu stujfij fn Ynft ?. Mdbbsi tdi oist wbrj tb mbhpaiti iemd sintinmi. Vbu Vbu wfaa nbt usi eaa tdi wbrjs.   (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

mbaaeobreti inmbuntir

mbabny issintfea

mbhpiti cunjfnk

murfbsfty fnmbrpbreti

 5. ]tujints tbjey bctin hust 5.  ?. Fn tdi niw ?.

murrfmuauh bosbaiti

bn krbup essfknhints. , stujints hust stujy mbhputir prbkrehhfnk.

 =. Des timdnbabky heji aiernfnk oesfm ejjftfbn enj suotremtfbn =.  :. E stujint men nivir devi tbb humd :.

 ;. Ft fs ;.

2

eobut afci.

 9. Zdi kbvirnhi 9. kbvirnhint nt prbvfjis  3. Letfi trfij tb 3.

icſtmfint sdbrteki

cbr puoafm ijumetfbn. jfccirint typis bc husfm fntb dir jenmi pircbrhenmi.

tb devi e kbbj lnbwaijki bc Inkafsd fn tdi twinty-ſtrst mintury mintury..

 4. ]fnmi tdiri fs e / en 4. rfkdt nbw.

bc queafſtij tiemdirs, tdiri eri heny gbo bpinfnks

O  Mfrmai tdi aittir bc tdi oist oist wbrj tb mbhpaiti iemd sintinmi. sintinmi. Zdi enswir fs eaweys pbfnts iemd) en Emejihfm [brj Afst wbrj crbh tdi unft.   (? pbfnts

 5. Ft fs fhpbrtent cbr ijumetfbn nbwejeys tb 5. kaboea imbnbhy. e. jisfkn o. mrftfmfzi  ?. ]mdbba bcſtmfeas ?. ivir oicbri. e. istfheti  =. =.

tdi slfaas nimissery fn tdi m. ihpdesfzi

j. aeunmd

tdet hbri stujints wfaa krejueti crbh mbaaiki tdfs yier tden o. hiesuri

m. erkui

j. botefn

sdbw tdet hbri wbhin tden hin krejueti crbh mbaaiki fn tdi Ynftij ]tetis.

e. ]mbris  :. Zdi tiemdir trfis tb :. e. eneayzi

o. Erkuhints m. Iveauetfbns j. ]tetfstfms maessrbbh emtfvftfis sb tdi mdfajrin wbn‖t kit obrij. o. very m. mbhperi j. riqufri

 9. Perints 9. tdifr mdfajrin‖ mdfajrin‖ss ijumetfbn fn heny weys, sbhitfhis hbri tden tiemdirs. e. mbntrfouti tb o. epprbemd m. ixpenj j. ainj  3. Ynjir tdi niw unfvirsfty 3. , stujints wdb hfss e ſtnea ixeh wfaa cefa tdi maess. e. abmetfbn o. sdbrteki m. ive iveauetfbn auetfbn j. pbafmy  ;. Kittfnk dfkd krejis fn eaa ybur maessis wfaa ;. e. istfheti o. riqufri

e abt bc derj wbrl enj iccbrt. m. inmbunt inmbuntir ir j. iveaueti

  :=

::

 Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns ?

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Nehi7

Jeti7

]lfaas enj ]tretikfis Uufz » Ynft ?  E   ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis ]tretikfis =7 Ysfnk tdi Jfmtfbnery   Enswir tdi cbaabwfnk quistfbns quistfbns eobut ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis =.  (? pbfnts iemd cbr quistfbns 5”=< : pbfnts cbr quistfbn :)

 5. Zdi hbst fhpbrtent tfhi tb usi e jfmtfbnery wdfai ybu eri riejfnk fs wdin ybu 5. e. sii e wbrj tdet ybu jbn‖t lnbw

.

o. sii e wbrj tdet ybu tdfnl ybu lnbw out ybu‖ri ybu‖ri nbt suri bc fts hienfnk m. ſtkuri but tdi hienfnk bc e liy wbrj wbrj crbh tdi mbntixt j. try tb usi tdi mbntixt tb ſtkuri but tdi hienfnk bc e liy liy wbrj out ybu cefa  ?. Mdbbsi tdi mbrrimt wbrj br pdresi ?. pdresi tb mbhpaiti tdi sintinmi. sintinmi.  E jfmtfbnery jfmtfbnery intry bc bc e wbrj wbrj usueaay mbntefns fts pr prbnunmfetfb bnunmfetfbn, n, jiſtnftfbn, jiſtnftfbn, enj . e. pert bc spiimd o. brfkfn m. criquinmy bc usi j. en ixehpai sintinmi  =. Fc tdiri fs hbri tden bni hienfnk =. hienfnk cbr e wbrj fn tdi jfmtfbnery, jfmtfbnery, ybu sdbuaj usi tdi ſtrst bni. Zrui br Ceasi2  :. Fjintfcy cbur perts bc e jfmtfbnery intry. :. intry.

 

5. Jiſtnftfbn

    

?. ]ynbnyh =. Pert bc spiimd spiimd :. Ixehpai sintinmi

e

o

m

j

i

pupfa 1stujint> / ˄pgu»pɖa/ n e pirsbn wdb fs oifnk teukdt, ispimfeaay e mdfaj et smdbba » Zdiri eri eobut ſtctiin pupfas fn tdi jenmi maess.

O  ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis ]tretikfis :7 Cfnjfnk ]uppbrtfnk Jitefas Jitefas  Enswir tdi cbaabwfnk quistfbns quistfbns eobut ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis :.  (? pbfnts iemd cbr quistfbns 5”=< : pbfnts cbr quistfbn :)

 5. ]uppbrtfnk stetihints eri nimissery tb heli e wrftir‖ 5. wrftir‖ss hefn fjie e. oiafiveoai o. fntiristf fntiristfnk nk m. trui

. j. jfccirint

 ?. ]bhitfhis suppbrtfnk jitefas men ?. men oi cbunj fn tdi hefn fjie sintinmi. Zrui br Ceasi2  =. [dfmd bc tdi cbaabwfnk fs nbt  e =.  e trensftfbn wbrj br pdresi tdet sfkneas e suppbrtfnk jitefa2 e. Fn tdi cuturi o. sumd es m. Cbr tdfs riesbn j. Curtdirhbri  :. Fjintfcy wdfmd fs tdi hefn fjie enj wdfmd :. wdfmd fs tdi suppbrtfnk jitefa fn tdi pefrs bc sintinmis. [rfti HF  bn  bn tdi oaenl afni fc ft fs tdi hefn fjie enj ]J fc ft fs e suppbrtfnk jitefa.

       

c

e. Zdiri eri heny heny cemtbrs tdet men eccimt eccimt tdi queafty bc ijumetfbn tdet e smdbba prbvfjis. o. Ft fs maier tdet maess sfzi men heli e sfknfſtment jfccirinmi fn dbw humd stujints aiern. m. Bni mdenki tdet smdbbas eri helfnk helfnk fs tb prbvfji hbri crisd vikiteoais vikiteoais enj seaejs. j. Heny smdbbas eri paennfnk niw niw hinus tb heli hieas hieas dieatdfir cbr stujints.

 

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 _iejfnk  _iejf nk Uufz » Ynft = _iej tdi pesseki. Zdin enswir tdi quistfbns tdet cbaabw.

Miaa Pdbnis7 Diap cbr ]heaa Ousfnissis fn tdi Jiviabpfnk [braj ]heaa ousfnissis eri vftea cbr e mbuntry‖s imbnbhy. Zdiy Zdiy eri ispimfeaay fhpbrtent cbr jiviabpfnk mbuntrfis, wdiri tdiy eri e sfknfſtment sburmi bc gbos enj rivinui. Vit sheaa ousfnissis fn tdi jiviabpfnk wbraj cemi heny mdeaainkis, sumd es tdi cbaabwfnk7 • Bujry fs e cerhir wdb siaas oenenes fn jfccirint vfaaekis. Di wents tb siaa s iaa tdih wdiri tdi jihenj cbr oenenes fs dfkdist, sb di men kit tdi oist prfmi. Dbwivir, Dbwivir, tdi rbejs eri viry oej, enj ft telis eaa jey tb trevia tb bni vfaaeki herlit. Di mennbt vfsft eaa bc tdi abmea herlits, sb di hust jimfji wdiri tb kb oicbri di lnbws wdet tdi prfmi wfaa oi. • ]fhbn ripefrs ofmymais. [din di ripefrs e ofmymai, sbhitfhis pibpai jbn‖t devi hbniy tb pey dfh. Zdiy jbn‖t usi oenl br mrijft merjs. Fnstiej, tdiy hey sey,

5

‑Hy krenjcetdir Di afvis fn enbtdir vfaaeki. vfaaeki.‘‘ ]bhitfhis ft telis e abnk tfhi cbr ]fhbn tbwfaa kit pey. dfs hbniy. • Engeaf fs viry pbbr. Dir dusoenj jbis nbt iern viry humd hbniy. hbniy. ]di wents tb iern hbniy tb essfst dfh. Dbwivir, Dbwivir, oimeusi sdi des cbur ybunk mdfajrin tb teli meri bc enj sdi des viry afttai ijumetfbn, ft wfaa oi jfcſtmuat cbr dir tb ſtnj ihpabyhint. Fs tdiri e sbautfbn tb tdisi prboaihs2 Cbr eaa bc tdih, tdi liy des oiin tdi miaa pdbni. Zdi nuhoir bc miaa pdbnis fn tdi jiviabpfnk wbraj des slyrbmlitij. Zdiri eri epprbxfhetiay 3 ofaafbn miaa pdbnis fn tdi wbraj, enj tdi hegbrfty ” eahbst 9 ofaafbn ” eri fn tdi jiviabpfnk wbraj. Fn Fnjfe, hbri pibpai devi emmiss tb e miaa pdbni tden tb e hbjirn tbfait. Miaa pdbnis devi oimbhi mintrea tb tdi summiss bc ousfnissis fn tdisi mbuntrfis, ispimfeaay sheaa ousfnissis. Eaa bvir tdi jiviabpfnk wbraj, cerhirs devi devi fnmriesij tdifr fnmbhis oy usfnk tdifr miaa pdbnis tb sinj enj rimifvi fncbrhetfbn. Cerhirs Cerhirs afli Bujry men ſtnj but wdfmd vfaaeki des tdi oist prfmi cbr dfs oenenes. Fn heny jiviabpfnk mbuntrfis, ft fs jfcſtmuat cbr mbnsuhirs tb pey sbhibni wdb fs cer ewey.. Fn Linye, e mbhpeny meaaij H-Pise eaabws pibpai tb pey wftd tdifr miaa pdbnis. ewey Fnstiej bc hbniy, tdiy pey wftd efrtfhi. Cbr ixehpai, fc ]fhbn ripefrs e oby‖s ofmymai, tdi oby‖s krenjcetdir men pey ]fhbn wftd efrtfhi ivin fc di afvis fn e rihbti vfaaeki. ]fhbn men usi tdi efrtfhi, br di men pey sbhibni iasi wftd ft. Fn Oenkaejisd, heny wbhin devi suppaihintij tdifr cehfafis‖ fnmbhi oy siaafnk hfal br vikiteoais. Fn 566;, wbhin afli Engeaf stertij siaafnk efrtfhi crbh tdifr miaa pdbnis fnstiej. Zdiy obrrbwij hbniy crbh e oenl tb ouy tdi pdbni, enj tdiy pefj ft oeml wdin tdiy iernij inbukd hbniy. Zdisi fnnbvetfbns fn miaa-pdbni usi devi diapij sheaa ousfnissis krbw enj devi fnmriesij prbspirfty fn heny jiviabpfnk mbuntrfis.

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 Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns ?

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 _iejfnk Uufz » Ynft = (mbntfnui (mbntfnuij) j)  E   Hefn Fjie Mdiml  5. [det fs tdi hefn 5. hefn fjie bc tdi wdbai riejfnk2  (9 pbfnts) e. Miaa pdbnis eri diapfnk wbhin wbhin fn tdi jiviabpfnk wbraj tb oimbhi oimbhi hbri fnjipinjint. o. Miaa pdbnis eri paeyfnk e hegbr rbai fn sheaa ousfnissis fn tdi jiviabpfnk wbraj. m. Miaa pdbni usi fs krbwfnk cestir cestir fn tdi jiviabpfnk jiviabpfnk wbraj tden fn tdi jiviabpij jiviabpij wbraj.  ?. Hetmd iemd perekrepd hefn fjie oiabw tb e perekrepd crbh tdi riejfnk. [rfti tdi ?. nuhoir bc tdi perekrepd bn tdi oaenl afni.  (9 pbfnts)

     

Miaa pdbnis men diap bwnirs bc jfccirint sheaa ousfnissis fnmriesi tdifr fnmbhi. Miaa pdbni usi fn tdi jiviabpfnk wbraj fs krbwfnk qufmlay. Miaa pdbni efrtfhi men oi usij fnstiej bc hbniy.

O  E Mabsir Abbl Abbl oeml et tdi riejfnk tb enswir tdi cbaabwfnk quistfbns.  (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

 5. Dbw men 5. men e miaa pdbni diap Bujry2 Bujry2 e. Di men kit fncbrhetfbn eobut tdi wietdir. o. Di men kit fncbrhetfbn fncbrhetfbn eobut prfmis. m. Di men sinj but fncbrhetfbn eobut dfs oenenes. oenenes.  ?. Dbw men ?. men e miaa pdbni diap ]fhbn2 ]fhbn2 e. Di men kit pefj hbri qufmlay. o. Di men tiaa mustbhirs mustbhirs eobut dfs ousfniss. m. Di men kit fncbrhetfbn eobut ofmymais. ofmymais.  =. Zdiri eri 3 ofaafbn miaa pdbnis fn tdi jiviabpfnk =. jiviabpfnk wbraj. Zrui br Ceasi2  :. Mdbbsi twb ftihs oiabw :. oiabw tb mbhpaiti tdi sintinmi. sintinmi. Miaa pdbni men oi usij fnstiej bc . e. fncbrhetfbn o. efrtfhi m. hfal

j. hbniy

 9. Oenkaejisdf wbhin obrrbwij 9. obrrbwij hbniy crbh oenls tb ouy miaa pdbnis. Zdiy pefj tdi oenls oeml oy siaafnk tdih efrtfhi. Zrui br Ceasi2

M  Jicfnftfbns Cfnj wbrjs fn tdi riejfnk tdet men mbhpaiti tdi cbaabwfnk jicfnftfbns.  (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

 5. Fc sbhitdfnk fs 5.  ?. ?.

, ft fs ixtrihiay fhpbrtent. (ejg) Per. 5 fs tdi hbniy tdet pibpai enj ousfnissis pey tdi kbvirnhint fn texis.

(n) Per. 5  =. Zb =.  :. E / En :.  9. Zb 9.

fs tb diap. (v) Per. 5 paemi fs cer ewey crbh wdiri hbst pibpai afvi. (ejg) Per. : sbhitdfnk fs tb ejj tb ft. (v) Per. 9

 Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns ?

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Sbmeouaer bmeouaery y Uufz » Ynft =  E   Zdi wbrjs fn tdi obx eri wbrjs tdet tdet ybu stujfij fn Ynft =. Mdbbsi tdi oist wbrj tb mbhpaiti iemd sintinmi. Vbu Vbu wfaa nbt usi eaa tdi wbrjs.   (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

mrieti henucemturfnk

mrbp prbhbti

jrbukdt run but bc

 5. Zdi niw mer cemtbry wfaa 5.

ihft sderi

ihpaby spimfeafst

ivint surpaus

3,900 gbos cbr tdi tbwn.

 ?. Di ſtrst wint tb dfs cehfay jbmtbr, wdb tdin sint dfh tb sii e diert ?.  =. Zdi tbhetb =. nixt sprfnk.

.

crbzi fn aest wiil‖ wiil‖ss mbaj wietdir wietdir,, sb prfmis wfaa oi dfkdir

 :. Zdi steti des dej nb refn fn hbri tden cbur hbntds, enj :. enj bcſtmfeas eri nbw meaafnk meaafnk tdfs e .  9. Zdiri eri sbhi smfintfsts wdb prijfmt tdet wi wfaa sbbn 9. suppay bc pitrbaiuh.

tdi Iertd‖ Iertd‖ss

 3. Zdi mbhpeny jbis fts 3. ft s seais enj herlitfnk fn f n Niw Vbrl, out eaa bc fts fs jbni fn Esfe.  ;. Mbhpenfis wbrajwfji stfaa ;. henekihint pbsftfbns.  4. Fn en iccbrt tb 4. crisd seaejs enj cruft.

cer hbri hin tden wbhin fn dieatdy ietfnk, tdi ihpabyii mecitirfe wfaa nbw siaa

O  Mfrmai tdi aittir bc tdi oist oist wbrj tb mbhpaiti iemd sintinmi. sintinmi. Zdi enswir fs eaweys pbfnts iemd) en Emejihfm [brj Afst wbrj crbh tdi unft.   (? pbfnts

5. Ft wes e / en cbr tdi mbhpeny tb heli e prbſtt jurfnk fts ſtrst yier, out seais jbuoaij oy fts simbnj yier. e. liy o. tieh m. mdeaaink mdeaainkii j. risburmi  ?. Zdi mbhpeny fs ixpimtfnk tdi ?. e. pertfmfpetfbn o. oaehi

bc ivirybni et tdi hijfe ivint. m. iccimt

 =. Ectir tdi jfsestir =. jfsestir,, tdi _ij Mrbss errfvi errfvij j tb e. ettremt o. jfstrfouti  :. Ivirybni hust paey e :. e. mbnsuhir

cbbj enj mabtdfnk tb survfvbrs. m. usi up j. dfri

fn sevfnk bur paenit, Iertd. o. fnkrijfint m. rbai

 9. Inkfniirs enj smfintfsts mbntfnui fn tdifr 9. e. riniweoai o. trbpfmea  3. Zdi mfty put sfkns fn perls enj suoweys tb 3.

j. mbnsuhptfbn

j. risburmi

siermd cbr niw sburmis bc inirky inirky.. m. hegbr j. mbnstent rimymafnk.

e. prbhbti o. ettremt m. sderi j. ihft  ;. Zdi ejvirtfsih ;. ejvirtfsihints ints cbr tdi spbrts jrfnl niijij tb sdbw e crisd enj ybutdcua . e. aivia o. fheki m. fnnbvetfbn j. surpaus

:4

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]lfaas enj ]tretikfis Uufz » Ynft =  E   ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 97 Zdi Sbmeouaery bc Nuhoirs  Enswir tdi cbaabwfnk quistfbns quistfbns eobut ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 9.  (? pbfnts iemd cbr quistfbns 5”=< : pbfnts cbr quistfbn :)

 5. Zdi ejviro sfknfſtmentay  sdbws e sheaa mdenki. Zrui br Ceasi2 5.  ?. Mdbbsi tdi mbrrimt wbrj tb mbhpaiti ?. mbhpaiti tdi sintinmi Mer seais crbh 5,?00 tb =,300 pir hbntd. e. jbuoaij o. trfpaij m. ciaa  =. Vbu sdbuaj aiern tdi vbmeouaery bc nuhoirs fn krbups bc wbrjs tdet devi sfhfaer =. hienfnks. Zrui br Ceasi2  :. Hetmd iemd pdresi tb e pdresi :. pdresi wftd tdi sehi hienfnk. hienfnk. 5. fnmriesij jrehetfmeaay e. wint up afttai oy afttai ?. jimafnij safkdtay o. wint up e abt =. kriw stiejfay m. wint jbwn e afttai oft :. jrbppij sderpay j. wint jbwn e abt ]tretikfis 37 Fncbrhetfbn fn Krepds enj Mderts Mderts O  ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis

 Enswir tdi cbaabwfnk quistfbns quistfbns eobut ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 3.  (? pbfnts iemd cbr quistfbns 5”=< : pbfnts cbr quistfbn :)

 5. E kbbj riejfnk stretiky fs tb weft 5. weft untfa ybu ſtnfsd riejfnk e tixt oicbri stujyfnk eny krepdfm fncbrhetfbn fn ft. Zrui br Ceasi2 50

 ?. Fjintfcy tdi dbrfzbntea ?. dbrfzbntea exfs fn tdfs krepdfm hetirfea.

Pbpuaetfbn krbwtd fn ofaafbns 5690”?050

e

4

o

3

m

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j

   c   b   i   s   a   n   p   b   b :    f   i    a    a    f    P    O

 =. Vbu sdbuaj teli nbtis bn tdi =. fncbrhetfbn fn eny krepdfm hetirfea fn e riejfnk es wiaa es fncbrhetfbn fn tdi riejfnk ftsiac. Zrui br Ceasi2

0

5690

56;0

5660

?050

 :. Hetmd tdi nehis cbr jfccirint typis bc krepdfm hetirfea tb tdi ſtkuris. [rfti :. [rfti tdi aittirs bc tdi ſtkuris bn tdi oaenl afnis.

     

5. E teoai ?. E afni krepd =.  E oer krepd

 

:. E pfi mdert

e

o

m

j

 Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns ?

  :6

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 _iejfnk  _iejf nk Uufz » Ynft : _iej tdi pesseki. Zdin enswir tdi quistfbns tdet cbaabw.

Zdi [braj‖s Pbpuaetfbn fn ?090 Zdiri des oiin duki krbwtd fn tdi wbraj‖ wbraj‖ss pbpuaetfbn bvir tdi aest 500 yiers. Fn 56=0, tdiri wiri ? ofaafbn pibpai bn tdi paenit. Fn ?055, tdi ſtkuri pessij ; ofaafbn. Emmbrjfnk tb tdi Ynftij Netfbns, bur pbpuaetfbn wfaa fnmriesi tb oitwiin 4 ofaafbn enj 50.9 ofaafbn oy ?090. Zdi reti bc fnmriesi des sabwij, dbwivir dbwivir.. Oitwiin 5690 enj ?000, tdi krbwtd reti wes 5.;3 pirmint. Oitwiin ?000 enj ?090, ft fs prijfmtij tb jrbp tb 0.;; pirmint. Nivirtdiaiss, wftd 5.4 ofaafbn wbhin murrintay bc mdfajoierfnk eki, tdi krbwtd fs afliay tb mbntfnui cbr sbhi tfhi. Jihbkrepdy ixpirts prijfmt tdet wi wfaa riemd e steoai reti, tdet fs, e reti et wdfmd tdi murrint pbpuaetfbn ripaemis ftsiac, fn eobut ?0=0. Pbpuaetfbn trinjs very trihinjbusay crbh bni rikfbn tb enbtdir. Pbpuaetfbn krbwtd fnmriesis es e risuat bc fnmriesis fn tdrii retis7 cirtfafty, afci ixpimtenmy, ixpimtenmy, enj fhhfkretfbn. Oitwiin nbw enj ?090, tdi krietist krbwtd fs ixpimtij fn tdi jiviabpfnk wbraj, pertfmuaeray fn Iestirn enj [istirn [istirn Ecrfme, wdiri cirtfafty retis rihefn dfkd. Cbr ixehpai, ft fs prijfmtij tdet Nfkirfe wfaa kb crbh 530 hfaafbn tb bvir :00 hfaafbn. Fn Itdfbpfe, en fnmriesi crbh 65 hfaafbn tb eobut ?;4 hfaafbn fs prijfmtij. Fn mbntrest, tdi pbpuaetfbn fn [istirn [istirn Iurbpi enj ispimfeaay Iestirn Iurbpi wfaa iftdir krbw viry sabway br fn sbhi mesis jimafni. Mbhperi tdi ixehpais bc ]pefn enj Zenzenfe. Zenzenfe. Zdi sfzi bc tdifr pbpuaetfbns fs sfhfaer< obtd devi e murrint pbpuaetfbn oitwiin :3 enj :4 hfaafbn. Fn ?090, ]pefn‖s pbpuaetfbn wfaa oi eobut tdi sehi es ft wes fn ?050, wdiries Zenzenfe‖s Zenzenfe‖s pbpuaetfbn fs ixpimtij tb trfpai. Eatdbukd ]pefn‖s pbpuaetfbn fs prijfmtij tb rihefn eobut tdi sehi, sbhi mbuntrfis fn Iurbpi eri ixpirfinmfnk e pbpuaetfbn jimriesi. Zdfs bmmurs es e risuat bc sivirea cemtbrs7 e ceaa fn cirtfafty br afci ixpimtenmy, br sfknfſtment hfkretfbn but bc tdi mbuntry. Fn hbst Iestirn Iurbpien mbuntrfis, cirtfafty retis devi ceaain oiabw tdi ripaemihint reti. Fn ejjftfbn, afci ixpimtenmy fs abwir fn Iestirn Iurbpi tden fn heny btdir perts bc tdi jiviabpij wbraj. Zdfs fs ispimfeaay trui fn _ussfe. Cfneaay, fn sivirea Iestirn Iurbpien mbuntrfis, heny pibpai devi aict cbr [istirn [istirn Iurbpi br Nbrtd Ehirfme. Ehbnk wieatdy mbuntrfis, tdi Ynftij ]tetis fs sbhiwdet unusuea. Ft fs ixpimtij tb mbntfnui tb krbw cbr twb riesbns. Ft des e dfkd fhhfkretfbn reti, enj, mbhperij tb btdir mbuntrfis, ft des e cefray dfkd cirtfafty reti. Iemd pbpuaetfbn trinj mrietis fts bwn oiniſtts enj mdeaainkis. Fnjfvfjuea kbvirnhints enj fntirnetfbnea brkenfzetfbns, sumd es tdi Ynftij Netfbns, teli tdisi fssuis sirfbusay enj wfaa niij tb jiviabp pbafmfis tb heneki tdih fn tdi cuturi.

5

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:

9

90

 Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns ?

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 _iejfnk Uufz » Ynft : (mbntfnui (mbntfnuij) j)  E   Hefn Fjie Mdiml  5. [det fs tdi hefn 5. hefn fjie bc tdi wdbai riejfnk2  (9 pbfnts) e. Zdi wbraj‖s wbraj‖s pbpuaetfbn wfaa abbl sbhiwdet jfccirint fn ?090 tden ft jbis tbjey. o. Zdi wbraj‖s wbraj‖s pbpuaetfbn wfaa oi humd aerkir fn ?090 tden ft fs tbjey. m. Zdi krietist pbpuaetfbn krbwtd krbwtd wfaa oi fn tdi jiviabpfnk wbraj. wbraj.  ?. Hetmd iemd perekrepd hefn fjie oiabw tb e perekrepd crbh tdi riejfnk. [rfti tdi ?. nuhoir bc tdi perekrepd bn tdi oaenl afni.  (9 pbfnts)

     

Zdi hbst repfj pbpuaetfbn krbwtd wfaa oi fn tdi jiviabpfnk wbraj. Fn sbhi perts bc Iestirn Iurbpi, tdi pbpuaetfbn fs jimriesfnk. Zdi kaboea pbpuaetfbn wfaa mbntfnui tb krbw out hbri sabway tden fn tdi pest.

O  E Mabsir Abbl Abbl oeml et tdi riejfnk tb enswir tdi cbaabwfnk quistfbns.  (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

 5. Zdi pbpuaetfbn wfaa steofafzi fn ?0=0. Zrui br Ceasi2 5.  ?. [det cemtbr ?. cemtbr fs nbt  ehbnk  ehbnk tdi sfknfſtment cemtbrs fn pbpuaetfbn krbwtd2 e. fhhfkretfbn m. cirtfafty retis o. afci ixpimtenmy j. dieatd meri  =. Zdi pbpuaetfbn bc Zenzenfe =. Zenzenfe fs afliay tb oi tdrii tfhis aerkir fn ?090. Zrui br Ceasi2  :. Mdbbsi twb ftihs oiabw :. oiabw tb mbhpaiti tdi sintinmi7 sintinmi7  E jrbp jrbp fn tdi enj e rfsi fn des mbntrfoutij mbntrfoutij tb tb tdi pbpuaetfbn pbpuaetfbn jimrie jimriesi si fn  Iestirn Iurbp Iurbpien ien mbuntrfis. mbuntrfis. e. cirtfafty reti m. mdfajoierfnk eki o. fnmbhi j. fhhfkretf fhhfkretfbn bn  9. [dy jbis tdi Y.]. pbpuaetfbn devi 9. devi e dfkdir reti bc fnmriesi tden tden btdir jiviabpij mbuntrfis2 e. Ft des e dfkd afci ixpimtenm ixpimtenmy y reti. o. Ft fs wieatdfir tden btdir mbuntrfis. m. Ft des e dfkd fhhfkretfbn reti.

M  Jicfnftfbns Cfnj wbrjs fn tdi riejfnk tdet men mbhpaiti tdi cbaabwfnk jicfnftfbns.  (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

 5. 5.

fs riaetij tb tdi prbmiss bc devfnk mdfajrin. (ejg) Per. 5

 ?. ?.

hiens tb e viry kriet jikrii. (ejv) Per. ?

 =. Zb =.

fs tb kb jbwn, tb jimriesi. (v) Per. =

 :. Zb :.

fs tb oimbhi tdrii tfhis aerkir. (v) Per. =

 9. 9.

hiens hbri tden e afttai out nbt e abt. (ejv) Per. 9

 Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns ?

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Sbmeouaer bmeouaery y Uufz » Ynft :  E   Zdi wbrjs fn tdi obx eri wbrjs tdet tdet ybu stujfij fn Ynft :. Mdbbsi tdi oist wbrj tb mbhpaiti iemd sintinmi. Vbu Vbu wfaa nbt usi eaa tdi wbrjs.   (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

obrjir sirfis

fntirnea sfhfaer

brfkfn trejij

pirhfttij trinj

prbvfji uroen

ripaemij vforent

 5. Viers ekb, pibpai treviaij tb herlits fn tdi mftfis wdiri tdiy 5. enj btdir kbbjs.  ?. Fn fnjustrfeafzij mbuntrfis, tdi ?.

des oiin tbwerj ciwir ofrtds pir wbhen.

 =. Zdi mfty mintir fs en ixmftfnk enj =. striit pircbrhirs.

erie wftd sdbppfnk, risteurents, enj

 :. Ft wes fhpbssfoai cbr tdi kbvirnhint tb :. enj maien wetir.  9. Afvfnk fn e / en 9. butsfji e mfty.

fts pibpai wftd inbukd cbbj

erie fs usueaay humd hbri ixpinsfv ixpinsfvii tden afvfnk

 3. Heny bc tdi trejftfbnea mustbhs bc fhhfkrents eri 3. tdi niw mbuntry.  ;. Vbu hust sdbw ybur pesspbrt iviry tfhi ybu mrbss e mbuntry ;. mbuntry‖s ‖s  4. Zdi 4. seci fn tdifr vfaaekis.

cbbj

wftd mustbhs bc .

mbn﬏fmts fn tdi mbuntry eri helfnk ft jfcſtmuat cbr pibpai tb ciia

O  Mfrmai tdi aittir bc tdi oist oist wbrj tb mbhpaiti iemd sintinmi. sintinmi. Zdi enswir fs eaweys pbfnts iemd) en Emejihfm [brj Afst wbrj crbh tdi unft.   (? pbfnts

 5. Zdi iccimt 5. iccimtss bc DFS / EFJ] eri tdrbukdbut Ecrfme. e. spimfſtm o. typfmea m. wfjispriej

j. wieatdy

 ?. Fn Iurbpi, tdi ?. bc wbrlirs crbh tdi mbuntrysfji tb mftfis oiken fn tdi nfnitiintd mintury. e. hfkretfbn o. wieatd m. aeobr j. jihbkrepdy  =. Zdi jfccirinm =. jfccirinmii fn e. suppbrt

oitwiin hin enj wbhin des jimriesij bvir tdi aest =0 yiers. o. fnmbhi m. aeobr j. reti

 :. Hen :. Heny y pibpai bc hy krenjhbtdir‖ krenjhbtdir‖ss e. kiniretfbn o. fniqueafty

eri nbt mbhcbrteoai wftd timdnbabky timdnbabky.. m. mbhhunfty j. pettirn

 9. Ft fs fhpbssfoai tb fhekfni tdi 9. bc bvirpbpuaetfbn fn tdi pbbrist eries bc tdi wbraj. e. vfmtfhs o. risfjints m. ſtkuris j. mbnsiquinmis  3. ]bautfbns wfaa sabway 3. e. brfkfn brfkfneti eti  ;. Zdi Y.]. kbvirnhint ;. e. eaabws

tb hiit tdi mdeaainkis bc wbrajwfji pbpuaetfbn mdenkis. o. pirsfst m. ivbavi j. eaabw tdi nuhoir bc fhhfkrents wdb men intir tdi mbuntry iemd yier yier.. o. ristrfmts m. pirhfts j. cemis

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]lfaas enj ]tretikfis Uufz » Ynft :  E   ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis ;7 Mbaabmetfbns Mbaabmetfbns  Enswir tdi cbaabwfnk quistfbns quistfbns eobut ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis ;.  (? pbfnts iemd cbr quistfbns 5”=< : pbfnts cbr quistfbn :)

 5. Oifnk eweri bc mbaabmetfbns diaps ybu riej cestir oimeusi 5. oimeusi ybu sii krbups bc wbrjs fnstiej bc fnjfvfjuea wbrjs. Zrui br Ceasi2  ?. Zdi pdresi e ofk mrfhi fs ?. . e. krehhetfmea krehhetfmeaay ay fnmbrrimt fnmbrrimt o. krehhetfmea krehhetfmeaay ay mbrrimt out nbt neturea m. e nbun + nbun mbhofnetfbn mbhofnetfbn j. nbt neturea br krehhetfmeaay krehhetfmeaay mbrrimt mbrrimt  =. [din e mbaabmetfbn fs e nbun + nbun mbhofnetfbn, tdi simbnj =. simbnj nbun emts es en ejgimtfvi. ejgimtfvi. Zrui br Ceasi2  :. Hetmd e wbrj crbh tdi mbauhn :. mbauhn bn tdi aict tb e wbrj crbh tdi mbauhn bn tdi rfkdt tb cbrh tdi hbst neturea mbaabmetfbns.   5. pbwircua e. imbnbhy   ?. kaboea o. suppbrt =. strbnk m. niws     :. wbraj j. fn﬏uinmi

O  ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis ]tretikfis 47 ]mennfnk cbr ]pimfcfm ]pimfcfm Fncbrhetfbn  Enswir tdi cbaabwfnk quistfbns quistfbns eobut ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 4.  (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd) iemd)

 5. ]mennfnk fs e riejfnk timdnfqui tdet fnvbavis 5. fnvbavis riejfnk riejfnk tdrbukd e wdbai tixt crbh oikfnnfnk tb inj viry qufmlay. Zrui br Ceasi2  ?. [dfmd bc tdi cbaabwfnk wbuaj ?. wbuaj ybu nbt  smen  smen cbr2 e. e nuhoir o. tdi nehi bc en en fhpbrtent pirsbn fn e riejfnk m. e jeti j. tdi hefn fjie bc tdi riejfnk  =. [din smennfnk cbr spimfſtm =. spimfſtm fncbrhetfbn, ybu sdbuaj nbt   . e. sey tdi wbrjs tb ybursiac  o. hbvi ybur iyis qufmlay m. sabw jbwn jbwn wdin ybu ſtnj tdi fncbrhetfbn fncbrhetfbn ybu eri abblfnk cbr j. liip ybur iyis iyis bn tdi peki eaa tdi tfhi  :. Fc ybu wiri smennfnk e tixt tb riej eobut wdy wbhin fn ]butd Lbrie eri kittfnk herrfij :. aetir tbjey enj devfnk ciwir oeofis tden ?0 yiers ekb, wdfmd bc tdi cbaabwfnk wbuaj ybu smen cbr2 e. ]butd Lbrie m. e yier fn tdi 5660s o. tdi wbrj herrfeki  j. eaa bc tdi eobvi  9. [din smennfnk, cbmus bn tdi aict sfji bc iemd 9. iemd afni bc tdi riejfnk, enj hbvi ybur iyis iyis jbwn tdi peki, abblfnk qufmlay crbh aict tb rfkdt. Zrui br Ceasi2

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 _iejfnk  _iejf nk Uufz » Ynft 9 _iej tdi pesseki. Zdin enswir tdi quistfbns tdet cbaabw.

Neturi‖s Jisfkn ]imrits ]mfintfsts enj inkfniirs erbunj tdi wbraj eri stujyfnk tdi jisfkn prfnmfpais bc tdi neturea wbraj. Zdiy went tb usi tdisi jisfkns tb heli niw prbjumts. Zdi hbst prbhfnint prbjumt oesij bn neturi fs Siamrb. Siamrb. Siamrb Siamrb fs e hetirfea tdet fs usij fn sdbis enj mabtdfnk. Ft ettemdis bni pfimi bc hetirfea tb enbtdir. Zdi hetirfea wes fnvintij oy e ]wfss mdihfst fn tdi hfjjai bc tdi twintfitd mintury. Di nbtfmij tdet ectir di wint cbr e weal fn tdi wbbjs, sheaa siijs stuml tb dfs mabtdfnk enj dfs jbk‖s cur. cur. Di abblij et tdisi siijs unjir e hfmrbsmbpi enj jfsmbvirij tdet tdiy wiri mbvirij wftd viry sheaa dbbls. Zdisi tfny dbbls stuml tb ivirytdfnk. Di usij tdfs fjie tb mrieti Siamrb, Siamrb, e hetirfea mbvirij wftd dunjrijs bc tfny dbbls, gust afli tdi siijs. Ynabmlfnk tdi simrit bc neturi‖s jisfkn fs e mdeaainki. Ft fnvbavis peyfnk ettintfbn tb tdi sheaaist jitefas fn paents enj enfheas. Cbr ixehpai, smfintfsts wbnjirij wdy e sderl‖s slfn fs eaweys sb maien. Btdir ſtsd devi oemtirfe bn tdifr slfn. Zdiy cbunj tdet tdi surcemi bc e sderl‖s slfn des e mbhpaix pettirn tdet privints oemtirfe crbh stfmlfnk. Zdi smfintfsts eri usfnk tdi sderlslfn jisfkn tb jiviabp e niw prbjumt. Zdiy went tb heli e hetirfea tb mbvir tdi fntirfbr weaas fn dbspfteas. Zdiy dbpi ft wfaa privint oemtirfe crbh spriejfnk enj helfnk pibpai sfml. Inkfniirs easb usi neturi‖s jisfkns. Bni inkfniir wes wbrlfnk bn e prbgimt tb rijisfkn e dfkd-spiij trefn fn Gepen. Di wes eweri tdet tdi cbrmi bc efr erbunj tdi trefn wes sabwfnk ft jbwn. Di wentij tb ſtnj e wey tb rijumi tdfs cbrmi sb tdet tdi trefn mbuaj hbvi cestir. cestir. Di kbt en fjie cbr e niw jisfkn crbh e ofrj ” tdi lfnkſtsdir. Zdi sdepi bc tdi lfnkſtsdir‖s diej eaabws ft jfvi fntb tdi wetir wftdbut e spaesd. Fn btdir wbrjs, tdi sdepi rijumis tdi cbrmi bc tdi wetir. Zdi inkfniir tdbukdt di mbuaj usi tdi sdepi tb rijumi tdi cbrmi bc efr ekefnst tdi trefn. ]b, di jisfknij tdi crbnt bc tdi trefn fn tdi sdepi bc tdi lfnkſtsdir‖s diej. Zdfs eaabwij ft tb hbvi qufmlay enj shbbtday, gust afli e ofrj jfvis fntb tdi wetir. ]mfintfsts enj inkfniirs emlnbwaijki tdet ft wfaa oi e abnk tfhi oicbri sbhi bc tdisi fjies eri usij fn iviryjey bogimts. Neturi‖s Neturi‖s jisfkns eri fnmrijfoay mbhpaix, out tdiy sey tdet tdi kep oitwiin tdih enj duhen inkfniirfnk fs mabsfnk. Zdiy devi eariejy emdfivij summiss fn sbhi eries. Zdisi summissis devi inmburekij tdih tb mbntfnui mbntf nui tdifr wbrl.

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 _iejfnk Uufz » Ynft 9 (mbntfnui (mbntfnuij) j)  E   Hefn Fjie Mdiml  5. [det fs tdi hefn 5. hefn fjie bc tdi wdbai riejfnk2  (9 pbfnts) e. Neturi‖s jisfkn fs viry mbhpaix enj jfcſtmua jfcſtmuatt tb jfsmbvir. o. ]mfintfsts eri wbrlfnk bn neturea jisfkns out sb cer, tdiy tdiy devi nbt oiin viry summisscua. m. ]mfintfsts went tb usi jisfkns jisfkns crbh neturi tb mrieti niw niw prbjumts.  ?. Hetmd iemd perekrepd hefn fjie oiabw tb e perekrepd crbh tdi riejfnk. [rfti tdi ?. nuhoir bc tdi perekrepd bn tdi oaenl afni.  (9 pbfnts)

     

Ft hey oi e wdfai oicbri wi sii e abt bc summisscua prbjumts oesij bn neturi. ]derlslfn hey diap heli dbspfteas secir. secir. Siamrb wes tdi ſtrst summisscua prbjumt oesij bn jisfkn cbunj fn neturi.

O  E Mabsir Abbl Abbl oeml et tdi riejfnk tb enswir tdi cbaabwfnk quistfbns.  (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

 5. Zdi jisfkn cbr 5. cb r Siamrb Siamrb fs oesij bn jbk‖s jb k‖s cur. cur. Zrui br Ceasi2  ?. [dy fs sderlslfn ?. sderlslfn spimfea2 e. Ft risfsts oemtirfe. o. Ft fs viry mbhpaix.

m. Ft fs viry maien.

 =. [det eobut tdi lfnkſtsdir kevi =. kevi tdi inkfniir tdi fjie cbr dfs trefn jisfkn2 jisfkn2 e. fts cietdirs m. tdi sdepi bc fts diej o. tdi wey tdet ft ﬏fis  :. Mdbbsi twb ftihs oiabw :. oiabw tb mbhpaiti tdi sintinmi7 sintinmi7 Zdi trefn jisfknir mbhperij tdi cbrmi bc enj . e. jfvfnk o. surcemi m. wetir

j. efr

 9. Inkfniirs devi 9. devi eariejy mrietij e abt bc prbjumts usfnk jisfkns jisfkns crbh neturi. Zrui br Ceasi2

M  Jicfnftfbns Cfnj wbrjs fn tdi riejfnk tdet men mbhpaiti tdi cbaabwfnk jicfnftfbns.  (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

 5. ]bhitdfnk 5.  ?. Zb ?. (v) Per. 5

fs fhpbrtent enj wfjiay lnbwn. (ejg) Per. 5 sbhitdfnk hiens tb cestin br mbnnimt ft tb sbhitdfnk iasi.

 =. =.

fs enfhea defr. (n) Per. 5

 :. :.

hiens viry, viry sheaa. (ejg) Per. 5

 9. E / En 9.

fs e spemi oitwiin twb tdfnks. (n) Per. :

 Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns ?

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Sbmeouaer bmeouaery y Uufz » Ynft 9  E   Zdi wbrjs fn tdi obx eri wbrjs tdet tdet ybu stujfij fn Ynft 9. Mdbbsi tdi oist wbrj tb mbhpaiti iemd sintinmi. Vbu Vbu wfaa nbt usi eaa tdi wbrjs.   (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

ejgusteoai brkenfzij

mbhofnetfbn riaex

mbncusfnk stfhuaetfnk

 5. E mbaj sdbwir men oi 5.

kufjiafnis strefn

fjintfcy strenkir

fngurij styai

ectir jbfnk ixirmfs ixirmfsii br runnfnk.

 ?. Zdi jisfkn bc bni‖s dbhi men sey e abt eobut e pirsbn‖s ?.  =. Zdi ermdftimt usij e / en =. oufajfnk‖s intrenmi.

.

bc stbni, kaess, enj stiia, cbr tdi

 :. Zdi afvfnk rbbh fs tdi pircimt paemi tb sft oeml enj :.  9. Zdi siet oiat fs 9.

.

, sb ybu men heli ft abnkir br sdbrtir sdbrtir..

 3. Zdi fnstrumtfbns cbr tdfs jisl eri viry 3. puttfnk ft tbkitdir tbkitdir..

< F jbn‖t lnbw dbw tb oikfn

 ;. Ft fs humd iesfir tb wbrl fn e / en ;.

spemi tden bni wdiri ybu men‖t

ſtnj enytdfnk. 4.. F‖vi nivir hit tdet hen oicbri< di fs e mbhpaiti  4

.

O  Mfrmai tdi aittir bc tdi oist oist wbrj tb mbhpaiti iemd sintinmi. sintinmi. Zdi enswir fs eaweys en Emejihfm [brj Afst wbrj crbh tdi unft.   (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

 5. C 5. Cbr br sbhi cesdfbn jisfknirs, tdifr hefn e. prfnmfpai o. oeaenmi

bc jisfkn fs mbhcbrt. m. fntirfbr

 ?. En irkbnbhfmeaay jisfknij bcſtmi mdefr wfaa diap privint ?. . e. steofafty o. rfsl m. ejgusthint  =. Fn e / en =.

j. fngury

bc =,000 mbaaiki stujints, ;4 pirmint sefj tdiy bctin usij tdifr aeptbps

wdfai ayfnk fn oij. e. syhoba

o. surviy

 :. [din rimifvfnk tdi ewerj, tdi stujint :. e. hfssij o. ri﬏imtij  9. Eaa tdi bcſtmi wbrlirs wiri fnvbav 9. fnvbavij ij fn e. riprisintfnk o. mbn﬏fmtfnk  3. E / en 3. e. vfsuea

j. pbsturi

m. hisseki

j. eppiea

tdi diap di dej rimifv rimifvij ij crbh dfs prbcissbr prbcissbr.. m. pirsuejij j. emlnbwaijkij tdi niw curnfturi. m. siaimtfnk

j. emdfivfnk

cieturi bc tdi dbhi fs fts cink sduf jisfkn tdrbukdbut tdi dbusi. o. nbrhea m. jbhfnent j. auxury

 ;. [din sfttfnk et ybur bcſtmi jisl, try tb oi ;. ybur hbusi. e. riaetij tb o. eweri bc

dbw ybu sft, paemi ybur denjs, enj dbaj m. siaimtij cbr

j. pricirrij oy

  99

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]lfaas enj ]tretikfis Uufz » Ynft 9  E   ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 67 Sbmeouaery ]tujy   Enswir tdi cbaabwfnk quistfbns quistfbns eobut ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 6.  (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd) iemd)

 5. [din ybu mbhi emrbss en unlnbwn 5. unlnbwn wbrj tdet fs fhpbrtent fn tdi riejfnk enj siihs siihs usicua tb lnbw lnbw,, ybu sdbuaj . e. stbp, try tb wbrl but fts prboeoai hienfnk, enj tdin mbntfnui riejfnk riejfnk oicbri stujyfnk ft aetir o. liip riejfnk, tdin kb oeml tb ft ectir ybu devi devi ſtnfsdij riejfnk, enj abbl ft up fn e jfmtfbnery m. stbp, wrfti ft jbwn bn e vbmeouaery vbmeouaery merj wftd fts mbntixt mbntixt fn tdi riejfnk, enj tdin stujy ft aetir  ?. Vbu sdbuaj try tb aiern eaa tdi niw wbrjs fn e riejfnk. Zrui br Ceasi2 ?.  =. [dfmd wbrj fn tdi cbaabwfnk sintinmi =. sintinmi wbuaj oi tdi aiest usicua usicua tb abbl up fn e jfmtfbnery2 Zdi intrenmi tb tdi keaairy fs faauhfnetij wftd fnmenjismint afkdtfnk cbr e sbctir iccimt. e. intrenmi o. keaairy m. faauhfnetij j. fnmenjismint  :. Dbw sdbuaj ybu wrfti e vbmeouaery :. vbmeouaery nbtimerj2 nbtimerj2 e. ]fji 57 wbrj enj jiſtnftfbn< jiſtnftfbn< ]fji ?7 ixehpai ixehpai sintinmi o. ]fji 57 wbrj enj ixehpai sintinmi< sintinmi< ]fji ?7 jiſtnftfbn m. ]fji 57 wbrj bnay< ]fji ? jiſtnftfbn enj ixehpai ixehpai sintinmi  9. Ectir ybu stujy ybur vbmeouaery 9. vbmeouaery merjs, ybu sdbuaj weft e ciw ciw jeys oicbri ybu stujy tdih ekefn. Zrui br Ceasi2

O  ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 507 Zelfnk Zelfnk Nbtis crbh e _iejfnk  Enswir tdi cbaabwfnk quistfbns quistfbns eobut ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 50.  (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

 5.  Ennbtetfnk ricirs tb telfnk nbtis fn e sipereti nbtiobbl. Zrui br Ceasi2 5.  ?. Mdbbsi tdi pdresi tdet oist mbhpaitis ?. mbhpaitis tdi cbaabwfnk sintinmi. sintinmi.  En iccimtfvi iccimtfvi butafni . e. prisints bnay tdi hefn hefn fjies fn e riejfnk riejfnk o. rimbrjs bnay tdi jitefas jitefas tdet ybu niij tb stujy stujy cbr e tist m. usis e nuhoirfnk systih j. maieray siperetis siperetis tdi fhpbrtent enj aiss fhpbrtent fncbrhetfbn fncbrhetfbn bc e riejfnk  =. [dfmd bc tdi cbaabwfnk wbuaj =. wbuaj ybu nbt  jb  jb bn tdi peki bc ybur obbl wdin ennbtetfnk2 e. wrfti en butafni m. wrfti jiſtnftfbns bc liy wbrjs o. mfrmai hefn fjies j. nuhoir suppbrtfnk pbfnts  :. Ft‖s pbssfoai :. pbssfoai tb heli en butafni tbb jitefaij. Zrui br Ceasi2  9. [det fs tdi hefn 9. hefn purpbsi bc butafnfnk enj ennbtetfnk2 ennbtetfnk2 e. Zb fhprbvi vbmeouaery o. Zb rihihoir fncbrhet fncbrhetfbn fbn

m. Zb aiern liy tirhs j. Zb premtfmi abkfmea tdfnlf tdfnlfnk nk

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 _iejfnk  _iejf nk Uufz » Ynft 3 _iej tdi pesseki. Zdin enswir tdi quistfbns tdet cbaabw.

Orefn Fngurfis enj ]pbrts Paeyfnk spbrts men oi rbukd, obtd cbr prbcissfbneas enj ybunk etdaitis. Zdiri eri ouhps, mbaafsfbns, enj ceaas, enj sbhitfhis tdisi fnvbavi en etdaiti‖s diej. Fn sbhi spbrts, sumd es obxfnk enj Ehirfmen cbbtoeaa, tdisi oabws tb tdi diej tinj tb oi en bovfbus pert bc tdi kehi, out tdiy bmmur fn btdir spbrts es wiaa7 tieh spbrts afli sbmmir, dbmliy,, enj oeslitoeaa, enj fnjfvfjuea spbrts afli slffnk, fmi sletfnk, enj sletioberjfnk. dbmliy _ikuaer oabws tb tdi diej devi oiin en emmiptij pert bc tdisi kehis br spbrts. Yntfa rimintay, tdiri wes e aeml bc eweriniss bc tdifr niketfvi fhpemt. E hegbr oabw tb tdi diej men aiej tb e orefn fngury meaaij e mbnmussfbn. Zdi sluaa fs derj enj tdi orefn fs sbct. ]b e strbnk oabw tdrbws tdi orefn ekefnst tdi fnsfji bc tdi sluaa, wdfmd men meusi ixtinsfvi jeheki tb tdi niurbns fn tdi orefn. Zdiri fs nb riafeoai tist cbr mbnmussfbns, sb jbmtbrs usueaay u sueaay jfeknbsi tdih oy bosirvfnk e petfint‖s oidevfbr. oidevfbr. E petfint hey oimbhi mbncusij enj saiipy saiipy,, devi jfcſtmuaty rihihoirfnk tdfnks, enj riemt sabway. Di br sdi sdbuaj nbt oi pdysfmeaay emtfvi cbr e ciw wiils cbaabwfnk e mbnmussfbn sb tdet tdi orefn des tdi mdenmi tb rimbvir crbh tdi fngury. Fc e petfint fknbris tdisi syhptbhs enj jbis nbt rist, tdi fhpemt bn oidevfbr enj mbknftfvi cunmtfbn mbuaj oimbhi pirhenint. Niw risiermd sukkists tdet tdi jeheki crbh heny sheaa, hbri hfnbr oabws tb tdi diej hey oi gust es oej, br ivin wbrsi tden bni hegbr oabw. Zdi Zdi iccimts bc tdisi sheaa oabws men emmuhuaeti. [det helis tdfs pertfmuaeray jenkirbus fs tdet tdi iccimts eri nbt bovfbus rfkdt ewey. ewey. Etdaitis hey nbt nbtfmi tdet tdiy eri fngurij, sb tdiy jb nbt kit eny triethint. Zdiy gust liip paeyfnk. [din etdaitis wftd orefn fngurfis riturn tb tdi kehi, tdifr gujkhint, mbbrjfnetfbn, enj eofafty tb cbmus bn tdi kehi eri bctin fhpefrij. Zdfs helis ft hbri afliay tdet tdiy wfaa oi fngurij e simbnj tfhi. Fc tdet fngury fs e oabw tb tdi diej, tdi jeheki men oi viry sirfbus.

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=

:

_imint risiermd destdifr sdbwn tdeteri ybunk etdaitis eri heturi. pertfmuaeray vuanireoai tb tdisi orefn fngurfis oimeusi orefns nbt mbhpaitiay Fn rispbnsi, ixpirts rimbhhinj tdet ybunk etdaitis wier diej prbtimtfbn. Dbwivir, Dbwivir, tdiy wern tdet tdfs men kfvi etdaitis e ceasi sinsi bc secity, aiejfnk tdih tb teli unnimissery rfsls. Zdifr hbst mrumfea ejvfmi fs tdet ejuats wdb eri fnvbavij fn etdaitfms cbr ybunk pibpai sdbuaj aiern eobut tdisi fngurfis. Zdiy niij tb lnbw dbw tb privint tdih enj dbw tb rimbknfzi tdifr syhptbhs.

94

 Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns ?

©Mehorfjki Ynfvirsfty Priss ?05= Pdbtbmbpfeoai

 

Nehi7

Jeti7

 _iejfnk Uufz » Ynft 3 (mbntfnui (mbntfnuij) j)  E   Hefn Fjie Mdiml  5. [det fs tdi hefn 5. hefn fjie bc tdi wdbai riejfnk2  (9 pbfnts) e. Mbnmussfbns eri hbri hbri jenkirbus cbr ybunk etdaitis. o. Orefn mbnmussfbns eri hbri hbri jenkirbus tden pibpai bnmi tdbukdt. m. Mbnmussfbns eri jenkirbus oimeusi oimeusi heny pibpai jbn‖t jbn‖t lnbw tdiy devi devi dej bni.  ?. Hetmd iemd perekrepd hefn fjie oiabw tb e perekrepd crbh tdi riejfnk. [rfti tdi ?. nuhoir bc tdi perekrepd bn tdi oaenl afni.  (9 pbfnts)

     

Oabws tb tdi diej eri e rikuaer pert bc heny spbrts. Vbunk orefns eri tdi hbst vuanireoai tb jeheki crbh mbnmussfbns. E mbnmussfbn crbh heny sheaa oabws hey oi tdi hbst jenkirbus lfnj.

O  E Mabsir Abbl Abbl oeml et tdi riejfnk tb enswir tdi cbaabwfnk quistfbns.  (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

 5. Mbnmussfbns bnay bmmur fn tieh spbrts. Zrui br Ceasi2 5.  ?. Mdbbsi twb ftihs oiabw ?. oiabw tb mbhpaiti tdi sintinmi7 sintinmi7 Mbhhbn syhptbhs bc e mbnmussfbn fnmauji enj . e. mbncusfbn o. oaiijfnk m. sabw riemtfbns

j. pefn

 =. [det sdbuaj ybu nbt  jb =.  jb ectir e mbnmussfbn2 e. rist cbr e ciw jeys m. stey emtfvi o. prbtimt ybur diej  :. [dy fs e simbnj fngury hbri afliay fc etdaitis :. etdaitis riturn tb tdi kehi ectir e mbnmussfbn2 mbnmussfbn2 e. Zdiy mennbt rihihoir wiaa. m. Zdiy hey devi e diejemdi. o. Zdifr riemtfbn tfhi fs sabw. sabw.  9. Etdaitis wdb wier diej 9. diej prbtimtfbn jb nbt devi tb wbrry eobut mbnmussfbns. mbnmussfbns. Zrui br Ceasi2

M  Jicfnftfbns Cfnj wbrjs fn tdi riejfnk tdet men mbhpaiti tdi cbaabwfnk jicfnftfbns.  (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

 5. E / En 5. bmmurs wdin pibpai br tdfnks dft iemd btdir wdin tdiy eri hbvfnk fn jfccirint jfrimtfbns. (n) Per. 5  ?. Zb ?.

fs tb kit oittir ectir en emmfjint br en faaniss. (v) Per. ?

 =. Zb =.

fs tb krejueaay fnmriesi br kit hbri bc sbhitdfnk. (v) Per. =

 :. :.  9. ]bhitdfnk tdet fs 9.

hiens jehekij br aiss strbnk. (ejg) Per. = fs iesfay durt br eccimti eccimtij. j. (ejg) Per. :

 Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns ?

©Mehorfjki Ynfvirsfty Priss ?05= Pdbtbmbpfeoai

 

Nehi7

Jeti7

Sbmeouaer bmeouaery y Uufz » Ynft 3  E   Zdi wbrjs fn tdi obx eri wbrjs tdet tdet ybu stujfij fn Ynft 3. Mdbbsi tdi oist wbrj tb mbhpaiti iemd sintinmi. Vbu Vbu wfaa nbt usi eaa tdi wbrjs.   (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

cunmtfbn heturi

fhfteti rimeaa

fnjipinjinmi risihoai

 5. F lnbw F‖vi hit dfh, out F jbn‖t 5.

fntuftfbn spetfea

gujkhint steyij up

liip treml bc  surkij

dfs nehi.

 ?. En fntirfbr jisfknir hust devi ixmiaaint ?.

eofaftfis.

 =. Zdi tiineki yiers eri =. eri wdin hbst ybunk pibpai oikfn tb ciia tdi niij niij cbr hbri .  :. Di :.

untfa =700 e.h. sb tdet di mbuaj ſtnfsd tdi prbgimt.

 9. Zdi cbbtoeaa paeyir wes dft derj fn tdi diej, 9. diej, out tists sdbwij sdbwij tdet dfs orefn wes nbrhea.  3. Vbunk pibpai 3.

tdifr crfinjs< fc tdifr crfinjs shbli, tdiy wfaa, tbb.

 ;. Aeml bc saiip men risuat fn pbbr ;.

enj sabw riemtfbn tfhi.

 4. Dfs cehfay fs sb aerki tdet ft‖s jfcſtmuat tb 4.

ivirybni.

O  Mfrmai tdi aittir bc tdi oist oist wbrj tb mbhpaiti iemd sintinmi. sintinmi. Zdi enswir fs eaweys en Emejihfm [brj Afst wbrj crbh tdi unft.   (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

 5. Jbmtbrs dej tb 5. e. purmdesi

e sirfis bc tists bn tdi petfint tb jitirhfni tdi meusi bc dfs pefn. o. mbnjumt m. triet j. ixehfni

 ?. ]di krejuetij crbh tdi unfvirsfty es en fntiaafkint, ?. , enj lfnj ybunk wbhen. e. heturi o. supirfbr m. strisscua j. ixtinsfvi  =. Di eslij dfs obss cbr hbri hbniy aest wiil, enj di fs stfaa weftfnk cbr e / en =. . e. ftih o. ettftuji m. mdenmi j. rispbnsi  :. Liipfnk bur hfnjs emtfvi es wi kit bajir fs :. e. jfstfnmt o. strisscua

fc wi went tb liip bur hfnjs sderp. m. mrumfea j. kinitfm

 9. Zdiri eri e abt bc jete crbh bur risiermd, out nbw wi hust 9. eaa hien. e. fntirprit o. mbaaimt m. jfeknbsi  3. Zdi outtbn ﬏esdis rij tb 3. tdet tdi hemdfni fs bn. e. sinsi o. fnjfmeti m. rimeaa

tdih tb sii wdet tdiy j. liip treml bc  j. fhekfni

 ;. Dbrhbnis mbuaj oi bni riesbn wdy tiinekirs oimbhi ;. fn rfsly emtfvftfis. e. risihoaij o. fnvbavij m. gujkij j. ejhfttij

  96

30

 Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns ?

©Mehorfjki Ynfvirsfty Priss ?05= Pdbtbmbpfeoai

 

Nehi7

Jeti7

]lfaas enj ]tretikfis Uufz » Ynft 3  E   ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 557 Mbaabmetfbns Mbaabmetfbns  Enswir tdi cbaabwfnk quistfbns quistfbns eobut ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 55.  (? pbfnts pbfnts iemd)

 5. [brjs tdet cbrh mbaabmetfbns eaweys eppier tbkitdir< tdiy eri nivir siperetij. 5. Zrui br Ceasi2  ?. [dfmd bc tdi cbaabwfnk jbis nbt  cbrh ?.  cbrh e mbaabmetfbn2 e. viro + pripbsftfbn m. ejgimtfvi + viro o. viro + nbun j. ejgimtfvi + pripbsftfbn  =. [dfmd nbun jbis nbt  cbrh =.  cbrh e mbaabmetfbn wftd tdi viro tb cemi2 e. oiniſtts o. prboaihs m. mdeaainkis

j. jfcſtmuatfis

 :. ]bhi jfmtfbnerfis afst mbaabmetfbns :. mbaabmetfbns wftd tdi wbrj ybu eri abblfnk up. Zrui br Ceasi2  9. Mdbbsi tdi mbrrimt wbrjs tb mbhpaiti 9. mbhpaiti tdi sintinmi.  Di wes kbbj kbbj hetd, out out di wesn‖t wesn‖t viry viry fntiristij fntiristij e. bn o. fn m. wftd

ft.

j. et

enj ]tretikfis 5?7 Priperfnk e ]tretikfis _iejfnk Zist Z ist O  ]lfaastdi  Enswir cbaabwfnk quistfbns quistfbns eobut ]lfaascbr enj 5?.   (? pbfnts iemd cbr quistfbns 5”=, : pbfnts iemd cbr quistfbn :)

 5. [din ybu wrfti quistfbns tb tist ybursiac, ybu sdbuaj bnay tist ybursiac bn tdi hefn 5. hefn fjies bc tdi riejfnk. Zrui br Ceasi2  ?. [rfti tdi cbaabwfnk pdresis fn tdi mbrrimt brjir bn tdi afnis oiabw. ?. oiabw.  prijfmt  prij fmt tdi quistfbns quistfbns / wdin wdin ybu / fs tb / en fhpbrtent fhpbrtent stretik stretikyy / stujy cbr e tist / wrfti jbwn tdi enswirs / enj tdin tb

  =. Vbu sdbuaj put ybur quistfbn merjs fn e jfccirint brjir iemd tfhi ybu stujy tdih. Zrui br Ceasi2  :. Put tdi stips fn priperfnk cbr e riejfnk tist fn tdi brjir sukkistij :. sukkistij fn ]lfaas enj ]tretikfis 5?.

       

e. Zdfnl bc wd- quistfbns o. Zist ybursiac  m. Ysi nbtimerjs tb wrfti jbwn jbwn ybur quistfbns enj enswirs enswirs j. Ennbteti tdi riejfnk riejfnk

 Helfnk Mbnnimtfbns ?

©Mehorfjki Ynfvirsfty Priss ?05= Pdbtbmbpfeoai

  35

 

Uufz Uufzzis zis Enswir Liy  Liy 

  3=

 

Ynft 5

Sbmeouaery Uufz ” Ynft ?  E  5. ?. =. :.

 _iejfnk Uufz ” Ynft 5  _iejfnk  E   Hefn Fjie Mdiml Mdiml 5. o

?. =, 3, ?

O  E Mabsir Abbl 5. Zrui =. o ?. m :. e, j M  Jicfnftfbns 5. mbvir ?. dezerjbus =. pbrteoai

mbnvinfint prfvemy sfknfſtment evefaeoai

5. m ?. e

:. smen 9. emmbhpeny

9. 3. ;. 4.

9. 3. ;. 4.

cunjfnk fnmbrpbreti issintfea sdbrteki

O

9. Ceasi

=. j :. o

9. e 3. j

;. o

]lfaas enj ]tretikfis Uufz ” Ynft ?  E  5. j ?. e

Sbmeouaery Uufz ” Ynft 5  E  5. ?. =. :.

mbaaeobreti murrfmuauh bosbaiti murfbsfty

=. Ceasi :. 5. i< ?. o< =. j< :. c 

O 5. e ?. Ceasi

eppitfti tirrfſtij jbmuhints fknbri

=. e :. e. HF< o. ]J< m. ]J< j. HF

O 5. e ?. o

=. o :. m

9. e 3. j

;. e

]lfaas enj ]tretikfis Uufz ” Ynft 5  E  5. Ceasi ?. j

=. e, m :. m

9. Zrui

=. Ceasi :. e, j

9. e

O 5. Zrui ?. o

 _iejfnk Uufz ” Ynft =  _iejfnk  E   Hefn Fjie Mdiml Mdiml 5. o

?. 5, ?, :

O  E Mabsir Abbl 5. o =. Ceasi ?. e :. o, j

9. Ceasi

M  Jicfnftfbns 5. vftea ?. _ivinui =. essfst

:. rihbti 9. suppaihint

Sbmeouaery Uufz ” Ynft =  E 

Ynft ?  _iejfnk Uufz ” Ynft ?  _iejfnk  E   Hefn Fjie Mdiml Mdiml 5. m

Ynft =

?. 9, ?, 3

O  E Mabsir Abbl 5. m =. e ?. Ceasi :. e, j

9. Ceasi

M  Jicfnftfbns 5. orbej ?. indenmi =. Fntiaaimtuea

:. Mbknftfvi 9. bptfbnea

5. ?. =. :.

mrieti spimfeafst mrbp jrbukdt

9. 3. ;. 4.

run but bc  henucemturfnk ihpaby prbhbti

O 5. m ?. e

=. o :. m

9. j 3. e

;. o

Uufzzis Enswir Liy 

3:

 

]lfaas enj ]tretikfis Uufz ” Ynft =  E  5. Ceasi ?. trfpaij

=. Zrui :. 5. o< ?. m< =. e< :. j

 _iejfnk Uufz ” Ynft 9  _iejfnk  E   Hefn Fjie Mdiml Mdiml

O

5. m

5. Ceasi ?. j

=. Zrui :. 5. j< ?. e< =. o< :. m

?. e :. m, j M  Jicfnftfbns 5. prbhfnint ?. ettemd =. Cur

 _iejfnk Uufz ” Ynft :  _iejfnk  E   Hefn Fjie Mdiml Mdiml 5. e

M  Jicfnftfbns 5. Mdfajoierfnk ?. Zrihinjbusay =. jimafni

5. ?. =. :.

9. m

O

9. ]bhiwdet

5. e ?. j

9. 3. ;. 4. =. o :. e

uroen ripaemij obrjir fntirnea

5. m ?. Ceasi

9. j 3. m

=. Ceasi :. 5. j< ?. e< =. o< :. m

O 5. Ceasi ?. j

;. o

5. Ceasi ?. j

9. Ceasi

ejgusteoai mbncusfnk brkenfzij strenkir

9. m 3. m

=. j :. o

9. Ceasi

=. e :. Zrui

9. o

Ynft 3  _iejfnk Uufz ” Ynft 3  _iejfnk  E   Hefn Fjie Mdiml Mdiml 5. o

=. e :. j

=. o :. j

9. 3. ;. 4.

O

]lfaas enj ]tretikfis Uufz ” Ynft :  E  5. Zrui ?. o

:. Zfny 9. kep

;. o

]lfaas enj ]tretikfis Uufz ” Ynft 9  E 

O 5. m ?. e

stfhuaetfnk fjintfty mbhofnetfbn riaex

:. trfpai

Sbmeouaery Uufz ” Ynft :  E  trejij trinj vforent prbvfji

9. Ceasi

Sbmeouaery Uufz ” Ynft 9  E 

?. ?, :, 5

O  E Mabsir Abbl 5. Zrui =. Zrui ?. j :. e, j

?. :, ?, 5

O  E Mabsir Abbl 5. Ceasi =. m

Ynft :

5. ?. =. :.

Ynft 9

?. 5, :, =

O  E Mabsir Abbl 5. Ceasi =. m ?. e, m :. o

9. Ceasi

M  Jicfnftfbns 5. mbaafsfbn ?. rimbvir =. emmuhuaeti

:. Fhpefrij 9. vuanireoai

  Uufzzis Enswir Liy   39

 

Sbmeouaery Uufz ” Ynft 3  E  5. ?. =. :.

rimeaa spetfea fnjipinjinmi steyij up

]lfaas enj ]tretikfis Uufz ” Ynft 3  E 

9. cunmtfbn 3. fhfteti ;.  gujkhint 4. liip treml bc 

5. Ceasi ?. j

9. e 3. o

fs tb prijfmt tdi quistfbns enj tdin tb wrfti jbwn tdi enswirs. =. Zrui :. 5. j< ?. e< =. m< :. o

O 5. o ?. e

=. j :. m

;. o

=. e :. Zrui

9. j, o

O 5. Ceasi ?. [din ybu stujy cbr e tist, en fhpbrtent stretiky

33

Uufzzis Enswir Liy