Makalah Utilitas Bangunan-2

 

SJDJ]FSFD ZUKIKUFP MFDNZDFD UZNFP ZOKFD UJDNFG PJAJPUJ] 

EKPZPZD HIJG ?

OFPUZ]F

 ( 60=.6>.330)

UFP[F PKLF SJ]UK^K

(60=.6> 6>..33;)

 DFEKF FPPFMJIF

(600.6>.33:x6:3 `a udub rufdnfd pkpf efd udub uburfd pkdu sgf sjsufk ejdnfd ouaifg pkdu, mkfsfdyf uburfd pkdu sgf >:x6:3 `a.

AFUJ]KFI PGFLU Aftjrkfi Aftj rkfi ekdekdn ekdekdn  udu udub b ekde ekdekd kdn n sgf sgf sfaf sfaf ejdn ejdnfd fd

pjdn pjdnnu nudf dffd fd

afj afjrk rkfi fi

pfef pfef

ekde ekdekd kdnf nfd d

mfdn mfdnud udfd fd,,

yfk yfku u

ajdn aj dnnu nudf dfbf bfd d mf mfu u mff mff ffu ffupu pud d gjmj gjmji. i. Bf Bfrd rdf f si sifg fg sfu sfu bjijmkgfd efrk mfu mff kdk fefifg buf efd fgfd fpk. Bjijmkgfd mfu mff ? 

Auefg udub ek susud efd ek pfsfdn sjgkdnnf tefb ajajriubfd bjfgikfd jrdjdu



Auefg ekfdnbu bfrjdf uburfddyf yfdn bj`ki



Gfrnfdyf `ubup aurfg



Ukefb ajajriubfd pjrjbf bgusus (`ubup sjajd efd pfskr)



Ufgfd pfdfs sjgkdnnf ajikdeudnk mfdnudfd ijmkg ifaf efrk fpk.

 

Bjburfdnfd mfu mff ? 

Puik ajamuf pfsfdnfd mff yfdn rfpk



Mfgfddyf fefifg mfgfd yfdn ajdyjrfp pfdfs sff auska pfdfs efd ajdyjrfp ekdnkd sff auska ekdnkd, sjgkdnnf sugu rufdnfd ek efifadyf tefb sfmki



@jdejrudn mhrhs efifa ajdnnudfbfd afjrkfi pjrjbf



Mff ajrfg fefifg afjrkfi yfdn `ubup mjrf sjgkdnnf ajdkamuibfd mjmfd ijmkg pfef srubur mfdnudfd Aftjrkfi pkdtu  udub pkdu sgf ajdnnudfbfd afjrkfi stjji 

sgjjt sgj jt.. Afjrkfi sjji sgjj ajrupfbfd ijapjdnfd ffu ijamfrfd mfof tpks yfdn sfdnf buf yfdn afdf afjrkfi kdk sfdnf `h`hb eknudf ekn udfbf bfd d udub udub pkdu pkdu sgf. sgf. Bfrdf Bfrdf bjijm bjijmkgf kgfd d ef efrk rk afjrk afjrkfi fi kdk fefif fefifg g afjr afjrkfi kfi yfdn yfdn buf buf yfdn yfdn afdf afdf buf buf ef efifa ifa frtfd frtfd ef efpf pf ajdfgfd fpk sjifaf burfdn ijmkg euf ofa, fdt rfyfp sjrf fdt ifpub.

Aftjrkfi Aftj rkfi rjsthp rjsthp  ajrupfbfd  sjmufg afjrkfi efd ojdks pjbjroffd ejdnfd afbsue efd

uoufd udub ajdngfamf pjdyjmfrfd / pjriufsfd fpk bjmfbfrfd fdfrf rufdn sfu ejdnfd rufdn

ifkddyf

ffu

ijvji

ifdfk

yfdn

sfu

ejdnfd

ijvji

ifdfk

ifkddyf.

Sjdjapffd afjrkfi rjshp kdk pfef uauadyf ekifbsfdfbfd pfef frjf Sfrkajjr, Pgf Bfmji efd Pgf Skpf Ojdks afjrkfi rjshp kdk jrefpf mfdyfb af`fa, dfaud ek Kdehdjskf uauadyf ajdnnudfbfd afjrkfi mjrmjdub ahrfr efd lhfa.

 

Mjrkbu fefifg `hdhg fpikbfsk efd prhsjs pjafsfdnfd rjshp ? `.

Pgfl sfapfg

Pgf Pgf  sf sfapf apfg g ajrupf ajrupfbfd bfd sfiur sfiurfd/ fd/`jr `jrhmh hmhdn dn ajafd ajafdofd ofdn n yf yfdn dn mjrfef mjrfef eksjmu eksjmufg fg mfdnudfd mjrtdnbf mfkb ekruafg afupud eknjeudn, efd jrefpf pkdu ffu iumfdn eksjtf eks jtfp p ifdf ifdfkdy kdyf. f. Lud Ludnsk nsk efrk efrk sgf sgf kdk fefif fefifg g sjmfn sjmfnfk fk japf japf sfiurf sfiurfd d pjamuf pjamufdnf dnfd d sfapfg yfdn ekifbubfd hijg pjdngudk, efd sfapfg jrsjmu fbfd ekfapudn ekjapf sfapfg yfdn mjrfef ekifdfk mfwfg. ]ufdn sgf sfapfg mjrfef eksksk bkrk efd bfdfd mfdnudfd mfdn udfd fnfr fnfr ajauefgb ajauefgbfd fd pjdngudk pjdngudk udub udub ajamuf ajamuf sfapfg sfapfg sjtfp sjtfp gfrkdyf gfrkdyf sjrf sjrf

ajauefgbfd pjdnjihif pfef sff pjdnfamkifd sfapfg efrk rufdn pjdnuapui sfapfg udub ekmufdn bjUSP ejdnfd ajdnnudfbfd ajdnnudfbfd ahmki ffupud njrhmfb ahhr.  Aftjrkfi

 

Afjrkfi yfdn eknudfbfd pfef sfiurfd sgf sfapf sfa pfg g kdk ajdnnu ajdnnudfb dfbfd fd afjrk afjrkfi fi yfdn yfdn bjefp mfu efd fkr sjrf fgfd bfrf. ekdekdn mf mff trfsrfa trfsrfa   ef efd `hfdn wftjrprhhl  wftjrprhhl   efd trjftajdt   `f ekd ekdekdn wftjrprhhl . Efd afjrk af jrkfi fi pfef pfef pkdu pkdu ajdnnu ajdnnudfb dfbfd fd pkdu pkdu efrk efrk mjsk mjsk ejd jdnf nfd d bksk bksk dks dksgk gkdn dn `f `f mjsk mjsk mjrwf mjr wfrdf rdf gkfa gkfa ejdnf ejdnfd d jrijm jrijmkg kg ef efgui guiu u ekmjrk fdt bfrf. Afjrkfi yfdn eknudfbfd ajap aj apjr jrta tamf mfdn dnfd fdbf bfd d

bjau bjaudn dnbk bkdf dfd d

mjrbjamfdnbdyf mfbjrk efrk sfapfg pfef sfiurfd sfapfg. Zburfd

Zburfd Zbu rfd iufs iufs pj pjdfa dfapf pfdn dn sgf sgf kdk fefifg fefifg 3. 3.7a 7a x =, =,5 5 a efd efd ubur uburfd fd sk sksk sk ekfa ekfaj jjr jr pjdfapfdn jrbj`ki sjburfdn-burfdndyf :3 `a.

Ajbfdksaj pjamufdnfd

Sjamufdnfd ekifbubfd hijg pjdngudk sjmjiua sfapfg ekmufdn bj sgf sfapfg, sfapfg jrijmkg efguiu ekmudnbus ajdnnudfbfd pifstb fnfr pfef sff pjamufdnfd tefb jr`j`jr bjafdf-afdf. Sjdngudk fbfd ajamufdnfdyf bjsgf sfapfg yfdn bjauekfd sfapfg fbfd jrbuapui ekjapf sfapfg yfdn fef ekifdfk sfu udub bjauehfd sfapfg jrsjmu fbfd ekmfwf hijg ubfdn sfapfg ajdnnubfd ru`b efd ekmfwf bj USP.  

 

=. PKPUJA PKPUJA SJAKSF SJAKSFFD FD FK FK] ] MJ]P MJ]PKG KG

Fkr mjrskg ajrupfbfd bjmuugfd phbhb yfdn tefb efpf ekpksfgbfd efrk bjgkeupfd afdus af duskf, kf, sjgkdn sjgkdnnf nf bjjrs bjjrsjek jekff ffddy ddyf f fafi fafifg fg pjd pjdtd tdn. n. Sjafd Sjafdlff lfffd fddyf dyf tefb tefb gf gfdyf dyf jrmffs udub bjpjriufd ruafg fdnnf, jfpk ounf udub lfskikfs uaua, shskfi afupud jbhdhak. Fkr mjrskg yfdn eknudfbfd sjgfrk-gfrk gfrus ajakikbk bufikfs yfdn mfkb udub bhdsuask sjsufk ejdnfd sfdefr fkr akdua ek Kdehdjskf yfku SS Dh.7= Ufgud =336 efd BjpAjd Bjp Ajd Dh.;3> Dh.;3> Ufgud Ufgud =33=. =33=. Mjnku Mjnku pjdtdn pjdtdndyf dyf fkr mjrskg mjrskg mfnk mfnk bjgkeu bjgkeupfd pfd afdus afduskf, kf, sjgkdnnf ajaudnbkdbfd pjdyjekffd ajdofek jrmffs mkif pjafdlfffddyf tefb ekfur ejdnfd ejdn fd mfkb, mfkb, sjgkdnnf sjgkdnnf gfrus gfrus ekmuf ekmuf sufu sufu ofrkdnfd ofrkdnfd pjrpkpffd pjrpkpffd yfdn jrff mfkb udub udub ajdeksrkmuskbfd ajdeksrkmuskbf d fkr mjrskg sj`frf ajrff bjsjtfp bhdsuajd. Sjakpffd ffu piuamkdn, ajrupfbfd mfnkfd efrk sksja yfdn fef efifa mfdnudfd njeudn. Siuamkdn sfifg sfu ludnskdyf udub ajdyjekfbfd bjmuugfd fkr mjrskg sjsufk ejdnfd bjmuugfddyf mfkb udub bjpjriufd afsfb fkr, afdek, efd `u`k. Sjdyjekffd fkr mjrskg mjr skg ef efifa ifa sufu sufu mfdnud mfdnudfd fd njeudn njeudn ajrupf ajrupfbfd bfd bjmuu bjmuugfd gfd phbhb, phbhb, afbf afbf sks sksja ja piuamkdn yfdn fef ek mfdnudfd jrsjmu gfrus ekrjd`fdfbfd ejdnfd mfkb sjofb fwfi fgfp bhdsrubsk yfdn ekufdnbfd efifa mjdub nfamfr pjrjd`fdffd pjrjd`fdffd kdsfifsk piuamkdn.

 

f.

Puamjr Fkr

Puamjr fkr mjrskg udub sufu mfdnudfd ekpjrhijg efrk SEFA, ekafdf fkrdyf jifg ekhifg ekh ifg.. Dfaud Dfaud sks sksja ja pjdyje pjdyjekff kffd d fkr mjrskg mjrskg ef efrk rk SEFA SEFA ajapud ajapudyfk yfk jbfdf jbfdfd d yfdn yfdn jrmffs, sjgkdnnf uauadyf gfdyf `ubup udub ajifyfdk mfdnudfd 6 ‐ = ifdfk. Bfrjdf ku, mfdnudfd mjrifdfk mfdyfb gfrus ajapudyfk suamjr kdjrdfi, aksfidyf suaur efifa (ejjp wjii )).. ]fdnbf ]fd nbfkfd kfd kdsf kdsfifs ifskk fkr mjrskg mjrskg ek efifa efifa ruafg ruafg,, ffu ffu mkfsf mkfsf eksjmu eksjmu kdsfi kdsfifsk fsk pkpf pkpf sjbudejr, sjbu dejr, uauadyf ajdnnudfbf ajdnnudfbfd d pkpf uburfd 3,: kd`k. Dfaud uburfd uburfd kdsfifsk kdsfifsk pkpf prkajrr (efrk prkaj (efrk suamjr suamjr fkr bj kdsfifs kdsfifskk efifa efifa ruafg) ruafg) mjrmjef mjrmjef mjrnfdudn mjrnfdudn pfef suamjr fkrdyf. Mjmjrfpf ojdks suamjr fkr yfdn eknudfbfd udub suamjr fkr ekfdfrfdyf sjmfnfk mjrkbu. 6). Fkr SFA ifdnsudn i fdnsudn ekgumudnbfd ekgumudnbfd bj kdsfifsk pkpf ek ruafg, afbf pkpf prkajrdyf ajdnnudfbfd pkpf mjruburfd sfaf ejdnfd kdsfifsk pkpf sjbudejr, yfku uburfd 3,: kd`k. =). Fkr SFA ekeksrkmuskbfd bj kdsfifsk pkpf ek ruafg ajifiuk mfb pjdfapudn (hwjr fkr), afbf af bf pk pkpf pf efrk efrk ajj ajjrf rfd d SFA SFA bj hwj hwjrr fk fkrr ajdn ajdnnu nudf dfbf bfd d pk pkpf pf ub ubur urfd fd 3,: 3,: kd kd`k `k.. Pjefdnbfd efrk hwjr fkr bj kdsfifsk ek ruafg ajdnnudfbfd pkpf uburfd 6 kd`k. 0). Fkr fdfg, ejdnfd mfdufd oj puap, ekfikrbfd ifdnsudn bj kdsfifsk pjakpffd ek ruafg rua fg.Kd .Kdsf sfifs ifskk pkpf pkpf efrk efrk phapf phapf bj kdsf kdsfifs ifskk ek ru ruafg afg ajdnn ajdnnudf udfbfd bfd pkpf pkpf yf yfdn dn mjruburfd sfaf ejdnfd mjsfr pjdfapfdn pkpf bjiufrfd (hufbj) ek phapf. 5). Fkr fdfg ekeksrkmuskbfd bj sksja pjakpffd ek ruafg ajifiuk hwjr fkr, afbf pkpf efrk phapf bj hwjr fkr ajdnnudfbfd ajdnnudfbfd uburfd yfdn sfaf ejdnfd pkpf bjiufr (hufbj) efrk phapf. Pjefdnbfd efrk hwjr fkr bj kdsfifsk pkpf ek ruafg ajdnnudfbfd pkpf kd`k 6 kd`k

m. Ifou fkr tjbfdfd efd bj`jpftfd fik fikrfd rfd fkr Efifa pjrfd`fdnfd sksja pjdyjekffd fkr udub sjsufu mfdnudfd, bfpfskfs pjrfiffd efd uburfd pkpf-pkpf ekefsfrbfd pfef ouaifg efd ifou fikrfd fkr yfdn gfrus eksjek eks jekfb fbfd fd bjpfe bjpfef f mfdnud mfdnudfd fd jrsjm jrsjmu. u. Ujbfd Ujbfdfd fd fkr yfdn yfdn burfd burfdn n ajd`ub ajd`ubup upkk fbfd fbfd ajdk aj dkam amui uibf bfd d bjsu bjsuik ikfd fd efif efifa a pjaf pjafbf bfkf kfd d fk fkr. r. Ujbf Ujbfdf dfd d yf yfdn dn mj mjri rijm jmkg kgfd fd ef efpf pf ajdkamuibfd rfsf sfbk jrbjdf pfd`frfd fkr sjrf ajapjr`jpf bjrusfbfd pjrfiffd

 

pifamkdn, pifa mkdn, efd ajdfamfg ajdfamfg bjaudnbkd bjaudnbkdfd fd tamuidyf tamuidyf pubuifd pubuifd fkr. Mkfsfdyf Mkfsfdyf eknudfbf eknudfbfd d sfdefr bj`jpffd sjmjsfr 3.;-6.= a/ejtb, mffs afbskafi mjrbksfr fdfrf 6,:-=a/ejtb. `.

Bjeue Bjeueubf ubfd, d, ojdk ojdks, s, efd efd uburf uburfd d pkpf pkpf Kdstfi Kdstfifsk fsk F Fkr kr

Pjmf Pjmfnf nfkk

sjmu sjmufg fg

sk sks sja ja

mfdn mfdnud udfd fd,,

kd kds sfi fifs fskk

pjak pjakpf pffd fd

fk fkrr

mjrs mjrskg kg

ou ounf nf

ajamuugbfd mkfyf yfdn tefb sjekbk. Mjsfr bj`kidyf mkfyf ekpjdnfrugk hijg aheji kdsfifsk (jruup ffu jrmubf), bjeueubfd/ijfb kdsfifsk pkpf (ekfdfa efifa fdfg ffu ek ffs fdfg),.  6). Kdsfifsk Skpf Kdsfifsk pkpf sjbudejr pfef mfdnudfd njeudn udub pjdyjekffd fkr mjrskg mksf ekijfbbfd ek efifa fdfg ffu ek ffs fdfg. Afskdn afskdn aheji kdsfifsk ajapudyfk bjijmkgfd efd bjburfdnfd. Kdsfifsk ek ffs fdfg mkfsfdyf fef pfef piflhd mfdnudfd ffupud jrfdfa efifa ifdfk ffu ekdekdn mfdnudfd. Sjafsfdnfd kdsfifsk piuamkdn ekffs piflhd ekffs piflhd ekbfrjdf ekbfrjdfbfd bfd auefg auefg pjafsfdn pjafsfdnfddy fddyf f efd ounf pjrfwff pjrfwffddyf. ddyf. Ejjbsk Ejjbsk bjmh`hrfd pkpf pud ijmkg `jpf ekbjfguk sjgkdnnf pjrmfkbfddyf tefb sjsuik kdsfifsk pkpf pkp f ek ef efifa ifa fdfg. fdfg. Sfef Sfef mfdnu mfdnudfd dfd euf ifdf ifdfk, k, kdsf kdsfifs ifskk fkr mjrskg mjrskg bjmfd bjmfdyfb yfbfd fd ekijfbbfd ek ffs piflhd. Sfef prkdskpdyf kdsfifsk pkpf fkr mjrskg ajrupfbfd sfrfdf udub ajdnfikrbfd fkr efifa sksja piuamkdn. Bjafapufd pkpf udub ajdnfikrbfd fkr sfdnf sfdn f jrnfdud jrnfdudn n ejdnfd ejdnfd jbfdfd jbfdfd fkr yfdn ajifiukdyf. ajifiukdyf. sjafbfkd sjafbfkd mjsfr mjsfr jbfdfdd jbfdfddyf yf fikrfd fkr efifa pkpf ounf sjafbkd bjrfs. Ujbfdfd fkr yfdn eksyfrfbfd efifa kdsfifsk piuamk piu amkdn dn efifa efifa mfdnu mfdnudfd dfd njeud njeudn n = mf mfrr pfef pfef sjtfp sjtfp ttb ttb brfd brfd fkr. fkr. Zdub Zdub ajdofn ajdofnf f jbfdfd fkr efifa kdsfifsk piuamkdn sfmki, efpf ajdnnudfbfd hwjr ffupud phapf mhsjr (pjdehrhdn). =). Ojdks efd Zburfd Skpf Skpf yfdn ekpfbfk pfef kdsfifsk piuamkdn fef euf af`fa, yfbdk yfdn jrmuf efrk ihnfa efd S\@. Mfgfd S\@ ajrupfbfd jrhmhsfd kdhvftl yfdn gjmf efd sfdnf ajdngjafbfd bhdsuajd. Pjifkd ku, S\@ ajrupfbfd afjrkfi yfdn fb bfrf efd ijmkg auefg pjrfwffd afupud pjrmfkbfddyf okbf jrofek bjrusfbfd. Pfu sfudyf bjijafgfd pkpf pkp f S\@ S\@ fefif fefifg g rfwfd rfwfd mh`hr mh`hr fpfm fpfmkif kif sks sksja ja pjdnji pjdnjijaf jafddy ddyf f burfd burfdn n rfpk. rfpk. Ajsbk Ajsbk ejakbkfd, S\@ ajrupfbfd mfgfd yfdn pfikdn mfdyfb ekpfbfk afsvfrfbf sff kdk.

e. Ojdks Ojdks sk skstj stja a pjdyje pjdyjekfd kfd fkr fkr mjrsk mjrskg g

Pksja pjdyjekfd fkr mjrskg efpf ekifbubfd ejdnfd mjrmfnf mjrmfnfkk ojdks ekfdfrfdyf ?

 

6. Pksja Pksja sfmudn sfmudnfd fd ifdnsu ifdnsudn dn Pksja pkpf kdk ekeksrkmusk ekefifa njeudn eksfamudn ifdnsudn bjsfiurfd pjdyjekf fkr mjrskg ( SEFA ). Pksja kdk mkfsfdyf eknudfbfd udub pjruafgfd efd njeudn sbfif bj`ki efd rjdefg. Zburfd pkpf `fmfdn ekfur hijg SEFA.

=. Pk Pks sja ja fdn fdnbk bk ffp ffp Pksja fdnbk ffp efpf eknudfbfd ejdnfd pjrtamfdnfd sjmfnfk mjrkbu ? •

Efifa sksja kdk, fkr ekfapudn ijmkg efguiu efifa fdnbk mfwfg (ekpfsfdn pfef ifdfk jrjdefg mfdnudfd ffu ek mfwfg aubf fdfg), bjauekfd ekphapfbf ekphapfbfd d bj sufu fdnbk ffs yfdn mkfsfdyf ekpfsfdn ek ffs ffp ffu ek ffs ifdfk jrtdnnk mfdnudfd. Efrk fdnbk kdk fkr ekeksrkmuskbfd bj sjiurug mfdnudfd.

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Shapf pjdnksk fdnbk ffp efpf mjbjrof sj`frf hhafts

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Sjrfwffd fdnbk ffp sjejrgfdf efd auefg ekifbsfdfbfd

 

0. Pk Pks sja ja fdn fdnbk bk jb jbfd fd mfdyfb ekjrfpbfd udub pjruafgfd efd gfdyf efifa bfsus jrjduekjrfpbfd pfef mfdnudfd pjafbfkfd fkr mjsfr. Srkdskp bjrof ? fkr yfdnjifg ekfapudn efifa fdnbk mfwfg ekphapfbfd bj efifa sufumjofdf/fdnbk sufumjofdf/fdnbk jruup sjgkdnnf uefrf ek efifadyf jrbhaprjsk. Mkfsfdyfekrfd`fdn Mkfsfdyfekrfd`fdn fnfr vhiuaj uefrf tefb ijmkg efrk 03% jrgfefp vhiuaj fdnbkefd >3% vhiuaj fdnbk mjrksk fkr •

 

Bjijmkgfd?

-ijmkg jsjtb ekmfdekdnbfd ejdnfd sksja fdnbk ffp -Sjrfwffddyf -Sjrfwffddy f ijmkg auefg, bfrjdf efpf ekpusfbfd pfef rufdn ajskd phapf •

Bjijafgfd ?

-Liubufsk jbfdfd bjrof ijmkg mjsfr ekmfdekdnbfd ejdnfd sksja fdnbk ffp - \hiuaj fkr ijmkg bj`ki, ajdnfbkmfbfd ajdnfbkmfbfd phapf ijmkg mjrf mjbjrof

 

5. Pksja pkpf Sfef efsfrdyf fef euf sksja pkpf pjdyjekffd fkr efifa njeudn, yfku sksja pjdnfikrfd bj ffs efd sksja pjdnfikrfd bj mfwfg. •

Efifa sksja pjdnfikrfd bj ffs, pkpf ufaf ekpfsfdn efrk fdnbk ffs bj mfwfg sfapfk ifdnk-ifdnk ifdfk jrmfwfg efrk njeudn, bjauekfd ajdeffr efd mjr`fmfdn-`fmfdn jnfb bj ffs udub ajifyfdk ifdfk-ifdfk i fdfk-ifdfk ek ffsdyf.

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Efifa sksja pjdnfikrfd bj mfwfg, pkpf ufaf efrk fdnbk ffs ekpfsfdn ajdeffr efifa ifdnk-ifdnk ifdfk jrffs efrk njeudn, efd efrk pkpf ajdeffr kdk ekmuf `fmfdn`fmfdn jnfb bj mfwfg udub ajifyfdk ifdfk-ifdfk ek mfwfgdyf.

j. Sjrfw Sjrfwff ffd d Skpf Skpf Fkr Mjrskg Mjrskg Kdsfifsk piuamkdn yfdn jifg ekifbubfd pjdnuokfd bjmh`hrfd efd yfdn jifg

 

eklud ekl udnsk nskbf bfd d pjriu pjriu pjrfw pjrfwff ffd d fnfr fnfr tefb tefb jrofe jrofekk bjmh`h bjmh`hrfd rfd ef efd d mjref mjrefapf apfb b pf pfef ef bhaphdjd mfdnudfd ifkddyf. Mjmjrfpf pjdyjmfm fefdyf bjmh`hrfd kdsfifsk fkr mjrskg eksjmfmbfd hijg gfi-gfi mjrkbu? f. Zburfd sfamudnfd ejdnfd uburfd pkpf sjrkdnbfik tefb pjrsks sfaf ejdnfd yfdn jrjrf pfef pkpf. Fef sfamudnfd yfdn bjtbf ek pfsfdn pfef pkpf fnfb sjekbk ihdnnfr, sjgkdnnf bjtbf ekpfsfdn ajdnfbkmfbfd bjmh`hrfd. m. Sjdnnudffd ija S\@, yfdn burfdn sjapurdf. `. Gfski sjdfk yfdn burfdn sjapurdf, sjgkdnnf sfamudnfd sfamudnfd afskg fef `jifg fikr fkr. e. Pfamudnfd-sfamudnfd Pfamudnfd-sfamudnfd fdfr bhaphdjd kdsfifsk k dsfifsk fkr yfdn burfdn sjapurdf sjrkdn   ajdkamuibfd bjmh`hrfd.

0. SJ SJAF AFDF DFP P FK FK] ] Bfih mjrmk`frf tjdtfdn sjofrfg fwfidyf, pjafdfs fkr f kr ktu ekbjdfibfd pjrtfaf bfik sjhrfdn pjiubks fsfi Kdnnrks, Mjdofakd ^feey fkr Afungfd. Ekfhijg pfef tfgud 67