Makalah Run Off
October 4, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
Short Description
Download Makalah Run Off...
Description
MAKALAH HIDROLOGI LINGKUNGAN
Oleh:
Kelompok IV
Anggota:
SUCI WULANDARI
(1210941001)
AUFA RAHMAIKA
(121094100!)
ANNISA DWINA
(1210941009)
FIRIA MARCH"LL#
(1210942001)
NA$ILAH FRIM"LI
(121094201%)
Do&e' De* F*+,*-. /D
URUSAN "KNIK LINGKUNGAN FAKULAS FAKUL AS "K "KNIK NIK UNIV"RSIA UNIV"RSI AS S ANDALAS 2014
EDIT DULU ! ini masih kata pengantar mata kuliah lain
KAA /"NGANAR
/3* &k, k-m* p-'3-+k-' ke-5*,-+ -' #-'6 M-- "&-. k-,e'- k-m* 55-pp-++ me' me'ele ele&-* &-*kk-' ' m-km-k-ll- *' *'*7 *7 /e' /e'& &' '-' -' m-km-k-ll- *' *'** 5* 5*& && &' ' ' '+ +k k meme'* +6-& m-+- kl*- H*5,olo6* L*'6k'6-' 5e'6-' +op*k R' o88. -*, +-'- 5-' -pl*k-&* +e,-5-p +ek'*k l*'6k'6-'7 Sel-*' *+ +3-' 5-,* pe'&'-' m-k-l- *'* 36- '+k me'-m- --&-' +e'+-'6 -6-*m-'- p,o&e&:p,o&e& ope,-&* pe, '*+ -'6 +e,3-5* p-5- pe'6ol--' -*, m*'m m-p' -*, -'6-' 7 D-l-m D-l -m m-k-l- m-k-l- *'* 5*&-3* 5*&-3*k-' k-' +e'+-' +e'+-'6 6 pe'6e, pe'6e,+*-' +*-' pe'6-5 pe'6-5kk-'. '. m-;-m: m-;-m: m-;-m pe'6-5k-' e,5-&-,k-' ke;ep-+-' 5-' me+o5olo6* -'6 5*p-k-*. 5-' -6-*m-'- +*'6k-+ pe'6-5k-' p-5- &e+*-p '*+ ope,-&* -'6 5*p-k-* 5-l-m -*, -'6-' 5-' -*, m*'m K-m* e,-,-p &e-6-* pe'l*& m-k-l- *'* *&- k-m* 3-5*k-' &e-6-* &-,-'- '+k k-m* me'-m- --&-' +e'+-'6 kee,-5--' -*, 5-' &*8-+:&*8-+'5*l*'6k'6-' &ek*+-,. 5-' +e'+'- k-m* e,-,-p m-k-l- *'* *&- e,m-'8--+ -6* pem-;-7 k-m* me'-5-,* -- m-k-l- *'* &-'6-+ 3- 5-,* ke&emp,'--'7 Ole k-,e'- *+. 5e'6-' &e6-l- ke,e'5--' -+*. k-m* me'e,*m- k,*+*k 5-' &-,-' -6-, pe'&'-' m-k-l-
&el-'3+'-
me'3-5*
le*
-*k7
U'+k
*+
k-m*
me'6;-pk-' -'-k +e,*m- k-&* 5-' &emo6- m-k-l- *'* e,m-'8--+ -6* p-, pem-;-7
/-5-'6. 21 A6&+& 2014 /e'l*&
Al*,-' pe,mk--' (,' o88) -5-l- -6*-' 5-,* ;,- 3-' -'6 me'6-l*, 5* -+-& pe,mk--' +-'- me'3 ke &'6-*. 5-'- 5-' l-+-' (A&5-k. 199-po,-&* -l-p' 3ml-'- &-'6-+ &e5*k*+7
Se+el- p,o&e& *5,olo6* 5*-+-& +e,;-p-* 5-' -*, 3-' m-&* e,le*. -*k 3-' 3-' m-&* m-&* e e,l,l-'6 '6& &'6 '6 -+- -+- +*5-k +*5-k.. m-km-k- -l*,-' -l*,-' pe pe,m ,mk k---' ' -k -k-' -' +e,3-5 +e,3-5*7 *7 Sel-'3 Sel -'3+' +'- -l*,-' -l*,-' pe,mk pe,mk--' --' *'* -k-' -k-' me'3 me'3 &-l,-' &-l,-':&-l :&-l,,-' ' 5-' -k*,' -k*,'-me'3 &'6-* &eelm me';-p-* 5-'- -+- l-+7 H-&*l -l*,-' pe,mk--' &-+ DAS *-&-'- 5*&-3*k-' 5-l-m e'+k 6,-8*k -'6 -' 6 me'66me'66-m m-,k-,k-' ' 8e'ome 8e'ome''- -l*,-' -l*,-' +*'66* +*'66* mkmk- -*,. -*,. 5e*+. 5e*+. ke; ke;epep-+-' +-' 5-' -k+'- -'6 5*&e+ *5,o6,-87 (Soem-,+o. 19=%) H*5,o6,-8 -5-l- &-+ 6,-8*k -'6 me'66-m-,k-' '6-' -'+-,- 5e*+ 5e'6-' 5e'6 -' -k+7 -k+7 $e,5-&-k-' $e,5-&-k-' pem*&--' pem*&--' kompo'e' kompo'e':komp :kompo'e' o'e' *5,o6,-8. *5,o6,-8. '+k me'e'+ me' e'+kk-' ' e&-,' e&-,'-- -'3*, -'3*, 5* 5-l-m 5-l-m &'6-* &'6-*.. pe,l pe,l 5*ke+- 5*ke+-* * e&-,' e&-,'-- -l* -l*,-' ,-' l-'6&'6 l-'6& '6 (direct runoff ) -'6 5*&e-k-' ole 3-'7 H*5,o6,-8 +e,&e+ 5*p*&- me'3-5* 5- -6*-'. -*+ Al*,-' l-'6&'6 (direct ( direct runoff ) -+- -l*,-' 3-' -*+ -l*, -l*,-' -' pe pe,m ,mk k--' --' &'6 &'6-* -* (chan channel nel precipita precipitation tion). ). 5-' 5-' -l -l*, *,-' -' -- ++-''- (interflow interflow). ). -l*,-' -*, +-'- -+- -l*,-' 5-&-, (base ( base flow). /em*&/em*&--' -' -l*,-' 5-&-, 5-,* *5,o6,-8 5*pe,lk-' '+k mempe,ole *5,o6,-8 -l*,-' l-'6&'6 (Soem-,+o. 19=%)7 $-6*-' pe'+*'6 5-,* -*, l-,*-' 5-l-m k-*+-''- 5e'6-' ,-';-'6 -'6' pe'6e'5-l* -*, l-,*-' -5-l- e&-,'- 5e*+ p';-k. ? (pe-k 8lo -+- 5e*+ -*, -'6 +e,+*'66*) 5-' -k+ +e,;-p-*'- 5e*+ p';-k. >olme 5-' pe'e-,-' -*, l-,*-'7 C,- 3-' 3-' -'6 -'6 3-+ 3-+ +e,le* +e,le* 5-l 5-l meme' meme'* * - *, '+k '+k e>-po, e>-po,-&* -&*.. *'+e,&e *'+e,&ep&* p&*.. *'8*l+ *'8 *l+,-&* ,-&*.. 5-' me'6*& me'6*&** ;ek'6 ;ek'6-' -' +-'- +-'- -, -, kem5* kem5*-' -' -*, l-,*-' l-,*-' e,l-' e,l-'6& 6&'6 '6 ke+*k-- ;,- 3-' mel-mp-* l-3 *'8*l+,-&* ke 5-l-m +-'-7 $-6*-' pe'+*'6 5-,* ke+*k -*, l-,*-' 5-l-m k-*+-''- 5e'6-' ,-';-'6 -'6' pe'6e'5-l* -*, l-,*-' -5-l- e&-,'- 5e*+ p';-k. ? (pe-k 8lo -+- 5e*+ -*, -'6 +e,+*'66*) 5-' -k+ +e,;-p-*'- 5e*+ p';-k. >olme 5-' pe'e-,-' -*, l-,*-'7 C,- 3-' -'6 3-+ +e,le* 5-l meme'* - *, '+k e>-po,-&*. *'+e,&ep&*. *'8*l+,-&*. 5-' me'6*&* ;ek'6-' +-'- -, kem5*-' -*, l-,*-' e,l-'6&'6 ke+*k- ;,- 3-' mel-mp mel -mp-* -* l-3 *'8*l+ *'8*l+,-&* ,-&* ke 5-l-m 5-l-m +-'-7 +-'-7 Sem-k* Sem-k*' ' l-ml-m- 5-' &em-k*' &em-k*' +*'66* +*'66* *'+e'&*+-& 3-' -k-' me'6-&*lk-' -*, l-,*-' &em-k*' e&-,7 N-m' *'+e'&*+-& 3-' 3-' -'6 -'6 +e,l-l +e,l-l +*'66* +*'66* 5-p-+ 5-p-+ me'6me'6-'; ';,k,k-' ' -6,e6-6,e6-++ +-'- +-'- &e*'6 &e*'666- -k-' -k-' me'+p* po,* :po,* +-'- -k*-+'- me','k-' k-p-&*+-& *'8*l+,-&*7 Volme -*,
l-,*-' -k-' le* e&-, p-5- 3-' -'6 *'+e'&*8 5-' +e,&e-, me,- +- 5* &el, *l-- DAS 5-,* p-5- 3-' +*5-k me,-+-. -p-l-6* k,-'6 *'+e'&*87 D*&-mp*'6 *+. 8-k+o, l-*' -'6 mempe'6-,* >olme -*, l-,*-' -5-l- e'+k 5-' k,-' DAS. +opo6,-8*. 6eolo6* 5-' +-+-6'- l--'7 Ke,-p-+-' 5-e,- -l*,-' (5,-*'-&e) mempe'6-,* ke;ep-+-' -*, l-,*-'7 Ke,-p-+-' 5-e,- -l*,-' -5-l- 3ml- 5-,* &em- &-l,-' -*,@&'6-* (km) 5*-6* l-& DAS (km2)7 M-k*' +*'66* ke,-p-+-' 5-e,- -l*,-' m-k*' e&-, ke;ep-+-' -*, l-,*-' &e*'66- 5e*+ p';-k +e,;-p-* 5-l-m 5-l -m -k+ -k+ -'6 -'6 ;ep-+7 ;ep-+7 Ve6e+-&* 6e+-&* 5-p-+ 5-p-+ me'6me'6-l-' l-'6* 6* 3-l-'' 3-l-''-- -*, l-,*-' l-,*-' 5-' mempe,e&-, 3ml- -*, *'8*l+,-&* 5-' m-&k ke 5-l-m +-'-7 Perhitungan Koefisien Runoff
Koe8*&*e' A*, L-,*-' Koe8*&*e' Koe8*& *e' -*, l-,*-' (C) -5-l- *l-'6-' -'6 me''3kk-' me''3kk-' pe,-'5*'6-' pe,-'5*'6-' -'+-, e&-,'- -*, l-,*-' +e,-5-p e&-,'- ;,- 3-'7 (5-l-m &-+ DAS) -+- 5*m-'- 5* = ml- -,* 5-l-m l-' ke:* ? De*+ ,-+-:,-+- l-'-' (m!@5e+*k) 5-' =B400 3ml- 5e+*k 5-l-m 24 3-m7 / C,- 3-' ,-+-:,-+- &e+-' (m@+-') A L-& DAS (m2) M*&-l'- C '+k +-' -5-l- 0.1 -,+* '- 10 5-,* +o+-l ;,- 3-' -k-' me'3-5* -*, l-,*-'7 A'6k- C *'* me,p-k-' &-l- &-+ *'5*k-+o, '+k me'e'+k-' -p-k- &-+ DAS +el- me'6-l-m* 6-'66-' 8*&*k7 N*l-* C -'6 e&-, e,-,+* &e-6*-' e&-, -*, 3-' me'3-5* -*, l-,*-'. m-k- -';-m-' e,o&* 5-' -'3*, -k-' e&-,7 $e&-,-' '*l-* C -k-' e,e5- :e5- +e,6-'+'6 5-,* +o8o6,-8* 5-' pe'66'--' l--'7 Sem-k*' ;,-m ;,- m kele,e'6-' kele, e'6-' l--' &em-k*' e&-, '*l-* C l--' +e,&e+7 N*l-* C p-5- e,-6-* +opo6,-8* 5-' pe'66'--' l--' *&- 5*l*-+ p-5-el 4717 -el -el 471 N*l-* C p-5- e,-6-* +opo6,-8* 5-' pe'66'--' l--'
Ko'5*&* 5-e,-
N*l-* C
/e6''6-' -'6 ;,-m
07%< 0790
/e6''6-' +e,&*e,
07%0 07=0
-'- e,6elom-'6 5-' +-'
07-lle). +e,&&' ole m-+e,* lep-&: lep-& -'6 e,p- p-&*, -l& &-mp-* k-&-,7 ;7 D-+-,-' (pl-*'). *-l- e'+k l--' e,&+,k+, 5-+-, 5-' +e,&&' -+-& --' -l>*m -'6 e,-&-l 5-,* e,-6-* --' *'5k &e*'66- me,p-k-' -k*8e, -'6 -*k7 57 Lem- -'+-, pe6''6-' (*'+e,m (*' +e,mo'+ o'+-'e -'e >-lle >-lle). ). -*+ -*+ lem- lem- -'6 -'6 e,-5e,-5- 5*-'+5*-'+-,,- 5- pe6' pe6''6'6-'. '. m-+e,*-l'- e,-&-l 5-,* -&*l e,o&* 5-' 6e,-k m-&&- -+-' 5-,* pe6''6-' 5* &ek*+-,'-7 e7 $-+ 6-mp*'6 (l*me&+o'e). -*, +-'- +e,pe,-'6k-p 5-l-m ,e+-k-': ,e+-k-' -+- 5*-kl-&:5*-kl-&7 /o,o&*+-& -+ 6-mp*'6 *'* e,&*8-+ &ek'5e,7 $-+-' >lk-'*k. +e,+-m- -'6 e,&*8-+ -&-l7 Se-k+ -l*,-' -&-l *'* me'6-l*, . *- me'6el-,k-' me'6el-,k-' 6-&:6-&7 6-&:6-&7 $ek-&:ek-& $ek-&:ek-& 6-& kel-, kel-, *+l- -'6 me,p-k-' l-'6 -+- po,*:po,* 5-p-+ +e,*&* -*,7
.% /erakan /erak an Air Tanah Tanah
D*&-mp*'6 -*, +-'- e,6e,-k 5-,* -+-& ke --. -*, +-'- 36- e,6e,-k 5-,* -- ke -+-& (6-- k-p*le,)7 A*, e,6e,-k o,*&o'+-l p-5- 5-&-,'- me'6*k+* km k m *5,ol *5,ol*k*k-.. -*, e,6e, e,6e,-k -k o,*&o o,*&o'+'+-ll k-,e'k-,e'- -5-'-5-'- pe,e5 pe,e5--' --' 6,-5*e 6,-5*e' ' *5,ol*k7 Ge,-k-' -*, +-'- me'6*k+* km D-,; -'6 e,'* >olme -*, +-'- +-' - -'6 -'6 mel-l mel-l** -+-' -+-' e,-' e,-'5*' 5*'6 6 l,& l,& 5e'6-' 5e'6-' +ek-'+ek-'-' ' 5-' e,-' e,-'5*' 5*'6 6 +e,-l*k 5e'6-' +e-l l-p*&-' (U+--. 1990)7
Ge,-k-' -*, +-'- 5-' 3e'*& l-p*&-''"% Kon*isi Air Tanah Dataran Allu0ial
D-+D+-,-' ,-' -ll -ll>* >*-l -l me, me,pp-kk-' ' 55-+-, +-,-' -' -'6 '6 +e +e, ,e' e'+ +k k -k -k* *-+ -+ p, p,o& o&e& e&:p :p,o ,o&e& &e& 6eomo,8olo6* -'6 le* 5*5om*'-&* ole +e'-6- ek&o6e' -'+-,- l-*' *kl*m. ;,- 3-'. -'6*'. 3e'*& -+-'. +opo6,-8*. &. -'6 &em-'- -k-' mempe,;ep-+ p,o&e& pel-pk-' 5-' e,o&*7 H-&*l e,o&* 5*e'5-pk-' ole -*, ke+emp-+ -'6 le* ,e'5- -+- me'6*k+* -l*,-' &'6-*7 D-+-,-' -ll>*-l
me'emp me' emp-+* -+* 5-e,- 5-e,- p-'+-* p-'+-*.. 5-e,- 5-e,- -'+-, -'+-, 6''6 6''6.. 5-' 5-+-,-' 5-+-,-' lem- lem- &'6-* &'6-*77 5-e,- -ll>*-l *'* +e,++p ole --' -&*l ,om-k-' 5-,* 5-e,- &ek*+-,'-. 5-e,- l -+-p' 5-,* 5-e,- -'6 le* +*'66* le+-k'-7 /o+e'&* -*, +-'- 5-e,- *'* 5*+e'+k-' ole 3e'*& 5-' +ek&+, -+-'7 D-e,- p-'+-* +e,5-p-+ ;kp l-& 5* p-'+-* +*m, /l- Sm-+e,-. Sm-+e,-. /l- -- -6*-' U+-,- 5-' &el-+-'. &el-+-'. /l- K-l*m-'+-' K-l*m -'+-' 5-' I,*-' -- -6*-' Sel-+-'7 A*, A*, +-'- 5-e,- 5-+-,-' p-'+-* &el-l +e,5-p +e, 5-p-+ -+ 5-l-m 5-l-m &e5*me' &e5*me' k-,+e, k-,+e, 5-' ,e&e' ,e&e' -'6 -'6 -+-' -+-'' '-- +e,5*,* +e,5*,* 5-,* 5-,* p-&*,. p-&*,. ke,*k*l. ke,*k *l. 5-' e,*'+e,-k&* e,*'+e,-k&* 5e'65e'6-' ' l-p*&-' lemp'67 lemp'67 Ko'5*&* Ko'5*&* -*, +-'- p-5- l-p*&-' +e,&e++ &em-'+e,&e &em-'- 5-l-m ke-5--' +e,+ek-' +e,+ek-' . memp'-* memp'-* po+e'&* -'6 mm'mm' e&-,. '-m' m-&* e,6-'+'6 p-5- l-& 5-' pe'e-,-' l-p*&-' -+-' 5-' &el-l &el -l me'5 me'5-p -p-+ -+ -' -';-m ;-m-' -' *' *'+e +e, ,&* &* -*, -*, ll-+ +.. -p -p- -*l*l- pe pe'6 '6-m -m* *ll-' ' -*, ++-''- e,le*-'7 D-+-,-' -'+-, 6''6 5* pl- -- +e,5-p-+ 5* $-'5'6. G-,+. M-5*' . Ke5*,*. N6-'3k. 5-' $o'5oo&o. 5-e,- *'* &e-6*-' e&-, 5*-+-&* ole k-k* 6''6 -p*7 L-p*&-' -+-' +e,5*,* -+-& --' kl-&+*k- -&*l ,om-k-' -+-' 6''6 -p* &ek*+-,'-7 /e'6e,+*-' &&'-' l*+olo6* l*+olo6* 5-,* +*, k-&-, ke -l& meme'+k &-+ ko'5*&* -*, +-'- +e,+ek-'. ;ek'6-' -*, +-'- -'+-, 6''6 memp'-* po+e'&* -'6 ;kp e&-,7 $ee,-p- e'+k l--' -&-l 8l>*-l -5-l- &e-6&e -6-** e,*k e,*k++ (1) K*p-& K*p-& All> All>*-l *-l (All> (All>*-l *-l 8-') 8-') (2) C,e>-& C,e>-&&e:S &e:Spl- pl-& & (!) -'66l -l-m (N-+,-l le>e,) (4) /o*' -, (*-l (Floo5 pl-*') (%) e,-& All>*-l (=) Del+- Volme -*, +-'- 5-l-m 5-+-,-' -ll>*-l 5* +e'+k-' ole +e-l 5-' pe'e-,-' pe,me-*l*+-& 5-,* -k*8e, -'6 +e,e'+k 5-l-m -l>*m 5-' 5*ll>*m -'6 me'6e'5-p 5-l-m 5-+-,-'7 Ap-*l&-+ &+ 5-e,- 5-e,- m-+e,* m-+e,* pe' pe'&' &'''- -+-& m-+e,* m-+e,* -l& -l& (l*-+@ (l*-+@e,5 e,5e e)) mm' mm'- pe,me-*l*+-&'- ke;*l. &e5-'6k-' &-+ 5-e,- -'6 +e,&&' -+-& p-&*, 5-' ke,*k* ke, *k*ll pe,me-* pe,me-*l*+l*+-&' &'-- e&-, e&-,77 A*, A*, +-'- +-'- -'6 -'6 me'6e' me'6e'5-p 5-p 5* 5-+-,-' 5-+-,-' -'3*, -'3*, 5*+-m- l-'6&'6 5-,* pe,e&-p-' -*, &&p-'7 /e,mk--' -*, +-'-'- 5-'6k-l &e*'66- pe'6-m*l-' -*, 5-p-+ 5e'6-' &m, 5-'6k-l7 D-+-,-' -ll>*-l '&,: '&, -'6 5om*'-' -5-l- '&, NO2. NO!. C-. M6. S*. 5-' Fe7 Kele*-' N*+,*+ k-,e'- pe'6-, J-+ -'6-' (,*'e). pem&k-' o,6-'*k 5-,* -&*l ,e5k&* '*+,-+ -'6 -5- 5*&ek*+-, -*, +-'- (K-,mo'o 5-' oko C-o. 19%=11)7 H-l *'* &el-*' &el-*' 5*pe'6 5*pe'6-, -,* * ole ole 8-k+o, 8-k+o, -l-m 3636- &e-6&e-6-** -k+*>* -k+*>*+-& +-& m-'&* m-'&*--
m*&-l' m*& -l'-- -5-'-5-'- l--' l--' pe,+-' pe,+-'*-' *-' -'6 -'6 me'6ko me'6ko'& '&m&* m&* ppk ppk o,6-'* o,6-'*k k -'6 -'6 me'6-'5'6 '*+,-+7 1% Asal2Usul *an -ifat2-ifat Air Tanah
A5-l- -l -'6 m+l-k -6* p-,- *,ok,-+ pe'6elol- &me, 5-- -*, (+-'-). '+k mem--m* -&-l:&l (o,*6*') 5-' &*8-+:&*8-+ ('-+,e) -*, +-'-. -6-, +*5-k +e,3-5* ke&-l-:pe'6e,+*-' +e'+-'6 &me,5-- -'6 5*kelol-7 Ke&-l-:pe'6e,+*-' +e,&e+ -k-' me'3-5*k-' +3-' me35k-' kem-'8--+-' -*, +-'- +e,+-m -6* k-m m*&k*' pe'6elol--' +*5-k me';-p-* &-&-,-''-. -k-' 3&+, -k-' me'*mlk-' 5-mp-k -'6 me,6*k-' -6* ke+e,5-p-+-' -*, +-'- *+ &e'5*,* &e,+- k-m m*&k*' +e,&e+7 H-l:-l pokok -'6 pe,l 5*p--m* +e'+-'6 -&-l:&l 5-' &*8-+:&*8-+ -*, +-'- -5-l- )., Pembentukan Pembe ntukan Air Tanah Tanah
A* A*,, +-'- +-'- -5 -5-l -l- - &em&em- -*, -*, -'6 '6 +e,5+e,5-pp-++ 5* -- pe pe,m ,mk k--' --' +-'- +-'- pp-55l-3,@Jo'- 3e' -*, (Jo'e o8 &-+,-+*o')7 A*, +-'- +e,e'+k e,-&-l 5-,* -*, 3-' 5-' -*, pe,mk-' . -'6 me,e&-p (*'8*l+,-+e) ml-:ml- ke Jo'- +-k 3e' (Jo'e o8 -e,-+*o') 5-' kem5*-' me,e&-p m-k*' 5-l-m (pe,;ol-+e) *'66- me';-p-* Jo' 3e' -*, 5-' me'3-5* -*, +-'-7 A*, +-'- -5-l- &-l- &-+ 8-&e+ 5-l-m 5-, *5,olo6* . -k'* &-+ pe,*&+*- -'6 &el-l e,l-'6 5-,* ,+-' +--p -'6 5*l-l* -*, 5-,* -+mo&8e, ke m* 5-' kem-l* ke -+mo&8e, pe'6-p-' 5-,* 5-,-+ -+- l-+ -+- -*, pe5-l-m-'. pe'6em'-' meme'+k --'. pe';,--'. pelo'66ok-' 5-l-m +-'* -+- -5-' -*, 5-' pe'6-p-' kem-l* (K-m& H*5,olo6*. 19=%)7 D-,* 5-, *5,ol *5 ,olo6* o6* +e,&e +e,&e+ + 5-p-+ 5-p-+ 5*p-5*p--m* m* --- -*, +-'- +-'- e,*'+e e,*'+e,-k ,-k&* &* 5e'6-' 5e'6-' -*, pe,mk--' &e,+- kompo'e':kompo'e' l-*' -'6 +e,l*-+ 5-l-m 5-, *5,olo6* +e,m-&k e'+k +opo6,-8*. 3e'*& -+-' pe'+p. pe'66'--' l--'. +e+m-' pe'+p. &e,+- m-'&*- -'6 e,-5- 5* pe,m*k--'7 A*, +-'- 5-' -*, pe,mk--' &-l*'6 &-l* '6 e,k-*+ e,k-*+-' -' 5-' e,*'+e e,*'+e,-k ,-k&*7 &*7 Se+*-p Se+*-p -k&* -k&* (pemom (pemomp-p--'. '. pe';empe';em-,-' ,-' 5ll) 5ll) +e,-5-p -*, +-'- -k-' meme,*k-' ,e-k&* +e,-5-p -*, pe,mk--'. 5em*k*-' &e-l*k')", 3a*ah Air Tanah
S-+ S+ 8o,m-&* 8o,m-&* 6eolo6 6eolo6** -'6 -'6 memp' memp'-** kem-mp kem-mp-' -' '+k '+k me'*m me'*mp-' p-' 5-' mel-lk-' -*, +-'- 5-l-m 3ml- e,-,+* ke &m,:&m, -+- m-+- -*, m-+- -*,
5*&e+ -k*8e,7 L-p*&-' p-&*, -+- ke,*k*l -5-l- &-l- &-+ 8o,m-&* 6eolo6* -'6 5-p-+ e,+*'5-k &e-6-* -k*8e,7 W-5- -*, +-'- -'6 5*&e+ -k*8e, +e,&e+ 5*-l-& 5*l-&** ole ole l-p*&-' l-p*&-' l-p*&-' l-p*&-' -+-' -+-' 5e'6-' 5e'6-' 5-5-- mell mell&k&k-' ' -*, -'6 -'6 ,e'5- ,e'5-.. m*&-l' m*& -l'-- lemp' lemp'6. 6. 5*ke'-l 5*ke'-l &e-6&e-6-** -k*+-k*+-,57 ,57 L-p*&L-p*&-' ' -'6 -'6 &-m- 5-p-+ 5-p-+ 3636me'+p* -k*8e,. -'6 me'3-5*k-' -*, +-'- 5-l-m -k*8e, +e,&e+ 5* -- +ek-'-' (;o'8*'e5 -*8e,)7 D* ee,-p- 5-e,- -'6 &e&-*. pe'6eo,-' -'6 me'-5-p -*, +-'- +e,+ek-' +e,&e+ me'3-5*k-' -*, +-'- m';l ke pe,mk--' +-'p- mem+k-' pemomp--'7 Seme'+-,- -k*8e, +-'p- l-p*&-' pe'+p 5* -+-&'-. -+-&' -. -*, +-'- 5* 5-l-m'5-l-m'- +-'p- +ek-'-' +ek-'-' (';o'8*'e (';o'8*'e5 5 -*8e,). -*8e,). &-m- 5e'6-' 5e'6-' +ek-'+ek -'-' ' 5-,5-,- l-,7 l-,7 Sem- -k*8e -k*8e,, memp' memp'-** 5- &*8-+ &*8-+ -'6 -'6 me'5-&me'5-&-, , (*) k-p-&*+-& me'*mp-' -*, +-'- 5-' (**) k-p-&*+-& me'6-l*,k-' -*, +-'-7 N-m' 5em*k5em *k-*-' *-' &e-6&e-6-** -&*l -&*l 5-,* 5-,* ke,-6-m ke,-6-m-' -' 6eolo6 6eolo6*' *'-. -. -k*8e, -k*8e, &-'6-+ &-'6-+ e,-6-m e,-6-m 5-l-m &*8-+:&*8-+ *5,ol*k'- (kell&-' 5-' &*mp-'-') 5-' >olme +-'5o-''(ke+e-l-' 5-' &e-,-' 6eo6,-8*'-)7 $e,5-&-,k-' &*8-+:&*8-+ +e,&e+ -k*8e, 5-p-+ me'6-'5'6 -*, +-'- 5-l-m 3ml- -'6 &-'6-+ e&-, 5e'6-' &e-,-' -'6 l-& *'6 *'666- ,* ,*-' -' km2 km2 -+- -+- &e-l* &e-l*k' k'-77 D* D*+* +*'3'3- 55-,* ,* ke ke5 55 5kk-'' ''- +e +e, ,-5 -5-p -p pe,mk--'. -*, +-'- 5-p-+ 5*&e+ (*) -*, +-'- 5-'6k-l (p,e-+*;). mm' e,-&o&*-&* 5e'6-' -k*8e, +-k +e,+ek-'. -k'* -'6 +e,&*mp-' 5-l-m -k*8e, 5ek-+ pe,mk--' *'66- ke5-l-m-' +e,6-'+'6 ke&ep-k-+-' 1< &-mp-* 40 m7 (**) -*, +-'- +-' - 5-l-m. 5-l-m. mm' mm'-- e,-&o e,-&o&*-& &*-&** 5e'6-' 5e'6-' -k*8e -k*8e,, +e,+ +e,+ekek-'. '. -k'* -k'* +e,&*mp +e,&*mp-' -' 5-l-m -k*8e, p-5- ke5-l-m-' le* 5-,* 40 m (-p-*l- ke&ep-k-+-' -*, +-'- 5-'6k-l *'66- ke5-l-m-' 40 m)7 A*, +-'- 5-'6k-l mm'- 5*m-'8--+k-' ole m-&-,-k m-& -,-k-+ -+ (m*&k* (m*&k*') ') 5e'6-' 5e'6-' memmem-++ &m, &m, 6-l*. 6-l*. &eme'+ &eme'+-,-,- -*, +-'- +-'- 5-l-m 5-l-m 5*m-'8--+k-' ole k-l-'6-' *'5&+,* 5-' m-&-,-k-+ e,p'-7 Se-,-' -k*8e, &e,+- pe'6-l*,-' -*, +-'- +*5-k me'6e'-l -+-&:-+-& kee'-'6-' -5m*'*&+,-+*8 peme,*'+--'7 S-+ *l-- -'6 5*-+-&* ole -+-&-':-+-&-' 6eolo6*& -'6 me'6-'5'6 &-+ -k*8e, -+- le* 5e'6-' pe'e-,-' l-&. 5*&e+ ;ek'6-' -*, +-'-7 )1, Pengaliran *an Imbuhan Air Tanah
A*, +-'- 5-p-+ +e,e'+k -+- me'6-l*, (+e,+-m- &e;-,- o,*&o'+-l). 5-,* +*+*k @5 @5-e, -e,- - *m *m (,e; (,e;-, -,6e 6e). ). &eke+* &eke+*kk- *+ 3 366- pp-55- &--+ &--+ 3-' 3-' + +, ,'. '. * *'6 '666mem+k-' -k+ -,*-'. m*'66-'. l-'-'. +-'-'. pl-' +-'. ,-+&-'
+-'. -k-' ,*-' +-'.. +*'66-l 5* 5-l-m -k*8e, &eelm m';l kem-l* &e;-,- -l-m* 5* +*+*k@5-e,- l- (5*&;-,6e). +e,6-'+'6 5-,* ke55k-' Jo' 3e' -*,. +opo6,-8*. ko'5*&* *kl*m 5-' &*8-+:&*8-+ *5,ol*k- -k*8e,7 Ole &e- *+. k-l- k-l - 5*-'5 5*-'5*'6 *'6k-' k-' 5-l-m 5-l-m ke,-'6 ke,-'6kk- -k+ -k+ m, m, ,-+-:,-+ ,-+-:,-+-- m-'&* m-'&*-. -. -*, +-'- +-'- &e&'66'- -5-l- &-l- &-+ &me, 5-- -l-m -'6 +-k +e,-,k-'7 S--+ *'* 5* 5-e,- 5-e ,-:5:5-e,- e,- pe,ko+ pe,ko+--' --' -'6 -'6 pem-'8 pem-'8--+--+-' ' -*, +-'- +-'- 5-l-m' 5-l-m'-- &5- &5- &-'6-+ &-'6-+ *'+e'&*8. &epe,+* 5* -k-,+-.
$-'5'6. Sem-,-'6. De'p-&-,. 5-' Me5-'. mk- -*, +-'- 5-l-m (p*eJome+*; e-5) mm'- &5- e,-5- 5* -- mk- -*, +-'- 5-'6k-l (p,e-+*; e-5)7 Ak*-+'- +e,3-5* pe,--' pol- *m-'. -'6 &eelm'- -*, +-'- 5-l-m mem-&ok -*, +-'- 5-'6k-l (k-,e'- p*eJome+*; e-5 le* +*'66* 5-,* p,e-+*; e-5). &--+ *'* 3&+, &e-l*k'- -*, +-'- 5-'6k-l mem-&ok -*, +-'- 5-l-m7 *k 3ml- +o+-l pe'6-m*l-' -*, +-'- 5-,* &-+ &*&+em -k*8e, mel-mp-* 3ml- ,-+-:,-+- *m-'. m-k- -k-' +e,3-5* pe','-' mk- -*, +-'- &e;-,- me'e,& &e,+- pe'6,-'6-' pe'6,-'6-' ;-5-'6-' -*, +-'- 5-l-m -k*8e,7 (Sep (Sepe,+* e,+* -l'- -l*,-' -'6 +'-* ke 5-l-m +-'6-'. k-l- pe'6el-,-' mele** pem-&k-'. m-k- &-l5o +-'6-' -k-' +e,& e,k,-'6)7 *k- *'* -l *'* +e,3-5*. m-k- ko'5*&* 5em*k*-' 5*&e+ pe'6-m*l-' e,le* (o>e, eplo*+-+*o') . 5-' pe'-m-'6-' -*, +-'- +e,3-5*7 )&, 4utu Air Tanah Tanah
S*8-+ 8*&*k- 5-' kompo&*&* k*m*- -*, +-'- -'6 me'e'+k-' m+ -*, +-'- &e;-,-l-m* &-'6-+ 5*pe'6-,* ole 3e'*& l*+olo6* pe'&' -k*8e,. 3e'*& +-'-@-+-' -'6 5*l-l* -*, +-'-. &e,+- 3e'*& -*, -&-l -*, +-'-7 M+ +e,&e+ -k-' e,- m-'-k-l- +e,3-5* *'+e,>e'&* m-'&*- +e,-5-p -*, +-'-. &epe,+* pe'6-m*l-' -*, +-'+-'- -'6 -'6 e,l e,le e* *-' -'.. pem pem-'6 '6-' -' l*l*-. . 5l 5lll A*, ++-''- 55-'6 '6kk-ll ,,--' ' (>l'e,-le) +e,-5-p pe';em-,-' 5-,* J-+:J-+ pe';em-, 5-,* pe,mk--'7 N-m' kk-,e ,e''- +-'+-'-@ @-++-' ' e e,& ,&*8*8-++ melem melem- -kk-' ' J-+:J J-+:J-+ -+ pe pe'; ';em em-, -,.. m-km-k- +*'6 +*'6k-+ k-+ pe';em-,-' +e,-5-p -*, +-'- 5-'6k-l &-'6-+ +e,6-'+'6 5-,* ke55k-' -k*8e,. e&-,-' 5-' 3e'*& J-+ pe';em-,. &e,+- 3e'*& +-'-@-+-' 5* Jo'- +-k3e'. &e,+ -+-' pe'&' -k*8e, *+ &e'5*,*7 Me'6*'6-+ Me'6*'6-+ pe,--' pol- *m-'. m-k- -*, +-'- +-' - 5-l-m 5-l-m 5* 5-e,- 5-e,-:5:5-e,- e,- pe,ko+ pe,ko+--' --' -'6 -'6 +el- +el- *'+e'& *'+e'&*8 *8 pem-'8pem-'8--+-' -+-' -*, +-'-'-. me'3-5* &-'6-+ ,--' pe';em-,-'. -p-*l- -*, +-'- 5-'6k-l'- 5* 5-e,-:5-e,- +e,&e+ &5- +e,;em-,7 A*, +-'- -'6 +e,;em-, -5-l- pem- **+:**+ pe'-k*+ -'6 e,-&-l 5-,* -*, (-+e, o,' 5*&e-&e&)7
View more...
Comments
