Makalah Perkembangan Bisnis Syariah Di I

 

TNZMNHJBELBE JKWEKW W[BZKB@ FK KEFIENWKB FBE TZIWTNM TBZK\KWBVB W[BZKB@ MN FNTBE

Fksusue Lueb Hnhneu`k Vulbs ^okbe Bm`kr Wnhnstnr Hbtb Muakb` Nmieihk Wybrkb` Fisne Tnelbhpu ? FZ. @. Fkfknm B`hbf Wupbfkn, HH

Ebhbb ? M`ik Ebh M`ikrua rua Be Bewbr wbr EKH ? 74>42:4:>44

CBM^AVBW BLBHB KWABH O^Z^WBE W[BZKB@ TZIFK B@\BA W[B@WK[B@ ^EKSNZWKVBW KWABH W^AVBE BL^EL WNHBZBEL :42> 2

 

JBJ K TNEFB@^A^BE B. Ab Abtb tbrr J Jna nabm bmbel bel Wkstnh Wks tnh Nm Nmiei ieihk hk syb sybrkb rkb` ` snm snmbrbe brbel l kek jbey jbeybm bm fkp fkpnrj nrjkegb kegbelm elmbe be fk Kefienskb. Kefie nskb. Jbeybm mbabel mbabelbe be hbsybr hbsybrbmbt bmbt ybel hnefnsbm blbr pnhn pnhnrketb` rketb` Kefienskb snlnrb hnelkhpanhnetbskmbe skstnh nmieihk ksabh fbabh skstnh pnrnmieihkbe Kefienskb snkrkel fnelbe `begureyb skstnh nmieihk mbpktbaks. Ksabh Ksabh hn hnhb hbef efbel bel hbs hbsbab bab` ` nm nmie ieih ihkk tkfb tkfbm m fb fbrk rk su sufu futt pb pbef efbe bel l mbpktbaks, tkfbm fbrk sufut pbefbel siskbaks, fbe oulb tkfbm puab lbjuelbe fbrk mnfubeyb. Ksabh hnhjnrkmbe pnrakefuelbe `bm mnpnhkakmbe kefkvkfu, snfelmbe uetum mnpnetkelbe hbsybrbmbt fkfumuel fbe fkpnrmubt, fnelbe tntbp hneoblb mnsnkhjbelbe mnpnetkelbe pujakm fbe kefkvkfu snrtb hneoblb hirba. hir ba. Fk fb fbabh abh jn jnrhu rhubhb bhbab ab`, `, ksabh ksabh hn hnel elbe beou ourm rmbe be ue uetu tum m hn hnel elbt btur ur hubhbab` fkbetbrb hbeuskb btbs fbsbr bhbeb`, ouour, bfka, fbe hnhjnrkmbe mnhnrfnmbbe jnrhubhbab` snrtb onabs-onabs jnjbs fbrk uesur rkjb. Wnkrke Wnk rkel l fn fnelb elbe e mns mnsbfb bfbrbe rbe hbsy hbsybrbm brbmbt bt Kef Kefien ienskb‗ skb‗ybe ybel l hby hbyirk irktbs tbs pnefufumeyb

husakh akh‖tnr`bfbp

mn`brusbe

hnelluebm bmbe be

fbe

hnhbecbbtmbe prifum (jbrbel hbupue obsb) ybel `baba fbe jbrimb`, hbmb pnrbe pnr be pri prifus fusne ne btbu pn pnrus rusb`bb b`bbe-pn e-pnrus rusb`bb b`bbe e jnr jnrjbs jbsks ks syb sybrkb` rkb` hne hneobf obfkk snjub` snj ub` bat batnre nrebtk btkvn vn hbs hbsbb fnp fnpbe be ybe ybel l sbe sbelbt lbt hne hneobeo obeokmb kmbe. e. Jbr Jbrbel belmbak mbak kek fkbellbp tnrabau iptkhks. Vbpk ktuab` trnef ybel snmbrbel snfbel hneuou mn brb` sbeb. J. Ti Timi mim m Hb Hbsb sbab ab` ` Bfb

jnjnrbpb

`ba ybe bel l

bmbe

fkjb kjb`bs ian`

pnrmnhjbelbe Jkseks sybrkb` fk Kefienskb, ybktu? 2. Bpb Bpbmb` mb` yb ybel el fk fkhbm hbmsuf suf f fnel nelbe be jks jkseks eks ssybr ybrkb` kb`99 :. Bpb ssbob bob rrube ubel l ake akelmu lmup p jks jkseks eks syb sybrkb` rkb`99

:

pneuaks aks

tnrmbkt

 

7. Jbl blbk bkh hbe bebb

pnrmnhjbelbe

jkseks

sybrkb` kb`

fk

kefienskb

hnefbtbebl9 6. Jblbkh Jblbkhbeb beb p prispn rispnm m jks jkseks eks wksbtb sybrkb sybrkb` ` fk Kefie Kefienskb9 nskb9

7

fk

hbs hbsb

 

JBJ KK TNHJB@BWBE

B. Tne Tnelnr lnrtkb tkbe e Jkse Jkseks ks Wyb Wybrkb` rkb` Wngbrb jb`bsb, Wybrkbt (ba-sybrk‛b`) jnrbrtk suhjnr bkr hkeuh (hbwrkf ba-hb‛ ak ba kstksqb) btbu obabe aurus (bt-t`brkq ba-hustbqåh). Wnfbel sngbrb kstkab` sybrkb` jnrhbmeb pnruefbel-uefbelbe ybel fkturuembe Baab` Wwt hnabauk hna bauk Zbs Zbsuau uauaab` aab` Hu` Hu`bhhb bhhbf f WB\ uet uetum um snaur snauru` u` uhb uhbtt hbe hbeusk uskbb jbkm hneybelmut hbsbab` kjbfb`, bm`abm, hbmbebe, hkeuhbe pbmbkbe hbupue hubhbab` (ketnrbmsk snsbhb hbeuskb fbabh jnrjblbk bspnm mn`kfupbe) lueb hnrbk` mnjb`blkbbe fk fuekb fbe fk bm`krbt. Hneuru Hne urutt Wybck‛K Wybck‛K Bet Betiek ieki, i, sy sybrkb brkb` ` hnh hnhpue pueybk ybk mnu mnuekm ekmbe be tnr tnrsn snefk efkrk, rk, sybrkb` tkfbm sbob mihprn`neskc, tntbpk oulb uekvnrsba. ^ekvnrsba jnrhbmeb jb`wb sybrkb` fbpbt fktnr fktnrbpmbe bpmbe fbabh sntkb sntkbp p wbmtu fbe tnhpbt ian` sntkbp hbeuskb hbeu skb.. Mnu Mnuekvn ekvnrsb rsbabe abe kek tnr tnrutb utbhb hb pbf pbfbb jkf jkfbel bel si siskba skba (nm (nmiei ieihk) hk) ybe ybel l tkfbm hnhjnfb-jnfbmbe betbrb mbabelbe Husakh fbe eie-Husakh. 2 Fnelbe hnelbgu pbfb pnelnrtkbe tnrsnjut, @nrhbwbe Mbrtbobyb fbe Wybmkr Wuab hnhjnrk pnelnrtkbe jb`wb Jkseks sybrkb` bfbab` jkseks ybel sbetue, jkseks ybel pneu` mnjnrsbhbbe fbe pnel`irhbtbe btbs `bm hbskelhbskel.:  Tnel Tnelnrtkb nrtkbe e ybel `brk abau gne gnefnrue fnruel l eirhbt eirhbtkc kc fbe tnrm tnrmnsbe nsbe obu` fbrk mneybtbbe jkseks mkek fbpbt fkak`bt fbe fkprbmtkmmbe fbe bmbe hneobfk trnef jkseks hbsb fnpbe. J. Zub Zubel el A Akel kelmup mup Jks Jkseks eks Wybrkb Wybrkb` ` Jkseks Jks eks syb sybrkb` rkb` hnh hnhpue pueybk ybk mnu mnuekm ekmbe be sne snefkr fkrk, k, tkf tkfbm bm `be `beyb yb jnr jnrskc skcbt bt miepnr`neskc tntbpk jkseks sybrkb` oulb hnhkakmk skcbt ybel uekvnrsba ybel brtkeyb fbpbt fktnrbpmbe mbpbe sbob fbe ian` skbpb sbob jbkm husakh hbupue eie huskh. Jkseks sybrkb` hnhkakmk 6 prkeskp fbabh hnabmumbe mnlkbtbe

2

 Hu`bhhbf Wybmkr Wuab fbe @nrhbwbe mnrtbobyb, sybrkb` hbrmntel, Hkzbe, Jbefuel, :443, @ba.23;  Kjkf, @ah. 6>

:

6

 

nmieihkeyb ybktu Mnsnkhjbelbe btbu Mnsnobobrbe, Vbelluel Obwbj, Vbu`kf fbe Mn`nefbm Jnjbs. 2. Mns Mnsnkh nkhjbel jbelbe be btbu Mns Mnsnob nobobrb obrbe e Wubt Wu btu u mi mies esnp np yb ybel el hn hnel el`b `bru rusm smbe be bf bfbe beyb yb mn mnbf bfkab kabe e si sigkb gkbaa fkfb fkfbabh abh  obabeeyb jkseks ybel jnrfbsbrmbe sybrkb`. :. Vb Vbel ellu luel el Ob Obwb wbj j Hbeuskb fbe snlbab bmtkvktbs ybel fkobabekeyb hnhkakmk tbelluel obwbj mnpbfb Baab` fbe mnpbfb snsbhn hbeuskb abkeeyb, mbrneb hbeuskb tkfbm fbpbt `kfup snefkrk hnrnmb `kfup jnrfbhpkelbe fbe tkfbm anpbs fbrk `imuh ybel jnrabmu fkfuekb hbupue fkbm`krbt ebetk. 7. Vbu`kf Hbeuskb Hbeus kb `brus hneybm hneybmkek kek jb`wb Baab` ab` ybel hneobfk pnhkakm hutabm fbe bjsiautn btbs snhub ybel jnrbfb fkfuekb kek, fbrk Fkba b` suhjnreyb fbe bmbe jnrbm`kr mnpbfbEyb. Hbmb fbrk ktu mktb snjblbk hbeuskb `brus hnelkmutk bturbeeyb fbe jbtbs-jbtbs ybel fktntbpmbe. 6. Mn Mn`n `nef efbm bm J Jnnjb jbss Hbeuskk fkgkpt Hbeus fkgkptbmbe bmbe fnelbe sbtu pitn pitnesk esk ybktu, hnrnmb jnjbs hnhkak` bpb ybel hnrnmb hbu mnrobmbe. Vntbpk mn`nefbm jnjbs ybel fk jnrkmbe Baab` `brusab` snobabe fnelbe prkeskp fbsbr fkgkptbmbeeyb hbeuskb fbe `brus snobabe fnelbe mnpnetkelbe kefkvkfu tnrutbhb ablk mnpbfb mnpnetkelbe uhuh.  Obfk rubel akelmup jkseks sybrkb` ktu fbpbt fkpnabobrk fbabh blbhb mbrneb mbrn eb jkse jkseks ks sybr sybrkb kb` ` subt subtu u kahu kahu jkse jkseks ks yb ybel el pn pntu tueo eoum um-p -pnt ntue ueou oume meyb yb tnrfbpbtfkfbabh Ba-Rur‛be.7 Bjfbaab

@bebck

fbe

@bhkf

Wbabh,

Luru

Jnsbr

Juskenss

Bfhkekstrbt Bfhkek strbtkie kie fk Hbembt Hbembtbb Wtbtn ^ekvnrkst ^ekvnrksty y hnebhj hnebhjb`mbe b`mbe gbmupbe jnrupb jnrupb ekabk mntuausbe, mnkm`absbe jnrusb`b, pnrsbufbrbbe fbe mnbfkabe. Wkcbteyb  oulb uekvnrsba fbe jksb fkprbmtnmmbe skbpb sbob. Ntkmb jkseks sybrkb` jksb fkwuoufmbe fbabh jnetum mntuausbe pnrusb`bbe fnelbe irknetbsk ybel tkfbm `beyb pbfb mnuetuelbe pnrusb`bbe ebhue oulb jnrhbecbbt jblk hbsybrbmbt fbabh fbab h brt brtkk snj snjneb nebrey reyb. b. Tne Tnefn fnmbt mbtbe be wke wke-wke -wke sia siautk utkie ie hne hneobf obfkk prk prkirk irktbs tbs.. 7

 `ps?//bfzbekb`fkefb.wirfprnss.gih/:427/46/4. Hn Hnel elkh khjbu jbu Wt Wtbt btks kstk tkgba gba,, Ng Ngie ieih ihkg kg bef Wi Wigkb gkbaa Zn Znsn snbr brg` g` be bef f Vrbk Vrbkeke ekel l Gnetrn cir Ksabhkg Giuetrkns (WNWZKG), Ksabhkg Gnetrn cir Fnvnaiphnet ic Vr Vrbf bfn, n, Zn Znsn snbr brg` g` Gn Gnet etrn rn cir cir Ks Ksabh abhkg kg @k @kst stir iry, y, Brt Brt bef Gu Guat atur urnn (KZGKGB), (KZGK GB), Ksabhk Ksabhkgg Nfug Nfugbtkieba btkieba,, Wgkne Wgknetkckg tkckg bef Guatur Guaturba ba Irlbe Irlbekzbtkie kzbtkie fbe

Ksa sabh bhkg kg

Fn Fnvn vnai aip phn hnet et

Jbe bem m

Lr Lriu iup, p,

hn hnhj hjnnrk

fum umu uel elbe be

pnhj pn hjbe belu lueb ebe e mb mbpb pbsk sktb tbss ue uetu tum m pn pnel elnh nhjb jbel elbe be wk wksb sbtb tb sy sybr brkb` kb` fk enlbrb-enlbrb bellitb IMK. 3. WN WNWZ WZKG KG `n `nef efbme bmeyb yb fb fbpb pbtt hn hney eynf nfkbm kbmbe be stuf stufkk fb fbe e rk rksn sntt hn hnef efnt ntbka bka hnelnebk hnelne bk wks wksbtb btb syb sybrkb` rkb`,, pnr pnrkabm kabmu u wks wksbtb btbwbe wbe hus husakh akh fbe pna pnaube ubel l kevnstbsk wksbtb sybrkb` snrtb hnhjnrkmbe `bskaeyb pbfb Miecnrnesk Hnetnrk Tbrkwksbtb IMK ybel mn-; fk Eklnr pbfb :42>. . 0. Wt Wtbe befb fbrf rf be bef f Hn Hntr tria iail ily y Ke Kest stkt ktut utnn cir cir Ks Ksab abhk hkgg Gi Giue uetr trkn knss (WHK (WHKKG KG)) fk`brbpmbe fbpbt hnelbmtkcmbe mnhjbak Mihktn \ksbtb fbe hnhjubt stbefbr kefustrk wksbtb sybrkb`, prifum fbe obsbeyb. 0

 

;. Mbhb Mbhbrr Fbl Fblbel bel fbe Kefu Kefustr strkk Wybrkb Wybrkb` ` `ne `nefbm fbmeyb eyb hnef hnefiri iriel el trbes trbesbms bmskk jkseks wksbtb sybrkb` fkbetbrb enlbrb-enlbrb IMK. 24. Hnhketb

KFJ

Lriup

hnhjubt

smnhb

pnhjkbybbe

uetum

pnelnhjbelbe wksbtb sybrkb` fk enlbrb-enlbrb bellitb IMK. 22. 22. Tn Tnab abmu mu kefu kefust strk rk wk wksb sbtb tb sybr sybrkb kb` ` fk en enlb lbrb rb-e -enl nlbr brbb be bell llit itbb IM IMKK `nefbmeyb (abeoutbe fkjbwb`) ? 2:. Hnelusuambe hnhjnet hnhjnetum um \irmkel Lriup \ksbtb Wybrkb` fbe hnelnmspairbsk mnhuelmkebe uetum hnhjubt Znegbeb Bmsk \ksbtb Wybrkb` pbfb Miecnrnesk Hnetnrk Tbrkwksbtb IMK. 27. Abpirbe fbe rn rnmihnefbsk mihnefbsk fbrk cciruh iruh kek fk`brbpmbe fbpbt fkbfipsk pbfb Miecnrnesk Hnetnrk Tbrkwksbtb IMK ybel mn-; fk Eklnr pbfb :42>.  Obu` snjnauh pnhnrketb` hnhjnrkmbe fumuelbe pbfb wksbtb sybrkb` fnelbe wuouf hneynanellbrbmbe Miecnrnesk \ksbtb Wybrkb` Enlbrb-enlbrb Bellitb Bell itb Irlbe Irlbeksbsk ksbsk Miecnrn Miecnrnesk esk Ksabh, Fnwbe Wybrkb` Ebskieba H^K Wnobm jnjnrbpb tb`ue tnrbm`kr kek, turut bmtkc hnefumuel pnhnrketb`, m`ususeyb fbrkk Mnh fbr Mnhnet netrkb rkbe e Tbr Tbrkwk kwksbt sbtbb fbe Nmi Nmieih eihkk Mrn Mrnbtk btkc, c, lue luebb hne hneln lnhjbe hjbelmb lmbe e wksbtb sybrkb` fk Kefienskb. Hneuru Hne urutt

FWE H^K H^K,, \ks \ksbtb btb Wybr Wybrkb` kb` hnru hnrupbm pbmbe be sbtu rubel rubel ybel

sbelbt aubs fbe sbelbt strbtnlks, mbrneb ffbabheyb jbeybm uesur-uesur ybel tnrm tnrmbkt bkt fn fnel elbe be up upby bybb hn hnhj hjbe belu lue e pn pnrbf rbfbjb bjbe e Ks Ksabh abh yb ybel el mb mbccb ccb`, `, fb fbe e rb`hbtb rb` hbtbe e aka babh babhke. ke. Mbr Mbrneb neb cbm cbmtir tir akel akelmue muelbe lbe,, WFH WFH,, juf jufbyb, byb, snek, snek, fbe jnrjblbk fnrkvbtkc abkeeyb, pbstk bmbe hneobfk mihpiene-mihpiene ybel hneybt hne ybtu, u, ybe ybel l tkf tkfbm bm jks jksbb fkp fkpksb ksb`mb `mbe. e. Fbe snh snhub ub kek snjnt snjntuae uaeyb yb bfba bfbab` b` snjub` snj ub` pnr pnrbfb bfbjbe jbe ybe ybel l sn snobm obm abhb fkf fkfkrkm krkmbe be ian ian` ` hbe hbeusk uskb. b. Kek oul oulbb tbm tnra tnranp npbs bs fb fbrk rk up upby bybb hn hnek ekel elmb mbtm tmbe be nm nmie ieih ihkk mr mrnb nbtk tkc, c, sn`k sn`kel ellb lb bm bmbe be hnekelmbtmbe ekabk-ekabk nmieihks fbrk ijynm-ijynm wksbtb ybel mktb hkakmk, ybel ebetkeyb oulb bmbe jnrfbhpbm pbfb pnekelmbtbe ekabk-ekabk nmieihk, jbkm jb km sngb sngbrb rb hk hkmr mri i hb hbup upue ue hb hbmr mri. i. Mb Mbrn rneb eb ktua ktuab` b`,, FW FWE E H^ H^KK hn hnrb rbsb sb tnrpbellka tnrp bellka uetum hne-supp hne-suppirt irt Tnhnrketb` Tnhnrketb` fbabh hneln hnelnhjbelm hjbelmbe be wksbtb sybrkb` kek.> >

 Fkiab` fbrk wbwbegbrb hys`brkel.gih fnelbe FWE H^K. `p?//hys`brkel.gi/wksbtb-sybrkb`/ .fkbmsns pbfb 4: obeubrk :42>

;

 

Tnrbe FWE H^K sbelbtab` vktba fbabh pnelnhjbelbe wksbtb sybrkb` kek, uetum ktu FWE H^K hnabmumbe jnjnrbpb abelmb`-abelmb` fkbetbrbeyb= FWE H^K hnelbhjka pnrbe ybel fktubelmbe fkfbabh HI^ jnrsbhb Mnhnepbrnmrbc ybel kskeyb ? 2. FWE H^ H^KK hney hneyusue usue Tnfi Tnfihbe hbe ^hu ^huh h ybel h hneybe neybelmut lmut w wksbtb ksbtb ssybrkb` ybrkb`,, fbe oulb pnfihbe-pnfihbe m`usus ybel tnrmbkt fnelbe nanhne-nanhne fbrk wksbtb sybrkb` ybel fkpnraumbe, snpnrtk hksbaeyb, hneybelmut pnrr`itnabe sybrkb`, rnstirbe, btbu ruhb` hbmbe, btbu `ba-`ba ybel tnrmbkt fnelbe prifum-prifum miesuhne wksbtb sybrkb`. :. FWE H^ H^KK hney hneykbpmbe kbpmbe snrt snrtkckmbsk kckmbsk jblk pn pnrusb` rusb`bbe-pn bbe-pnrusb`b rusb`bbe be ybel jnrlnrbm fk jkfbel obsb wksbtb sybrkb`. FWE oulb bmbe hnhjnrkmbe pnabt`be fbe snrtkckmbsk puab jblk pbrb tiur lukfn, mbrneb pisksk-pisksk kek hnhbel sbelbt pnetkel. 7. FWE H^ H^KK oulb bmbe hn hnenhpb enhpbtmbe tmbe Fn Fnwbe wbe Tn Tnelbwbs elbwbs Wybrkb Wybrkb` ` (FTW) pbfb jkri-jkri pnrobabebe wksbtb, lueb hnhjnrkmbe brb`be, jkhjkelbe, fbe  oulb hnhjnrkmbe ipkek-ipkek sybrkb` ybel tnrmbkt fnelbe fnelbe pnelnhjbelbe wksbtb sybrkb` ybel jnrmnabeoutbe. 6. FWE H H^K ^K ou oulb lb bmbe hnhjn hnhjnrkmbe rkmbe ccbtwb-cb btwb-cbtwb twb y ybel bel hn hneobfk eobfk pnfi pnfihbe hbe fbsbr fbrk wksbtb sybrkb` kek. Fbe tnetu sbob, FWE H^K oulb kmut hnesiskbaksbskmbe pnelnhjblbe wksbtb sybrkb` fk tbeb` bkr kek, jnrsbhb-sbhb fnelbe pnhnrketb` fbe pk`bm-pk`bm tnrmbkt abkeeyb. Fbrk gbtbtbe ybel bfb, spnefkel husakh trbvna pbfb :427 hnegbpbk ^W$ 27< hkakbr. Fbabh abpirbe jnroufua Wtbtn ic V`n Laijba Ksabhkg Ngieihy :427 Znpirt, fksnjutmbe ouhab` kek sbhb fnelbe 2:,> pnrsne fbrk mnsnauru`be ekabk jnabeob pbrkwksbtb fuekb. Belmb ktu jnauh tnrhbsum jnabeob uetum uhrb` fbe `bok. Hneurut pnrm pn rmkrb krbbe be hn hnrn rnmb, mb, pb pbfb fb :42 :4200 jn jnab abeob eob hu husa sakh kh uetu uetum m mn mnpn pnra raub ube e wk wksb sbtb tb hnenhjus ^W$ 202 hkakbr. Vkelmbt pnrtuhju`be husakh trbvna fk fuekb obu` fk btb btbss tke tkelmb lmbtt pnr pnrtuh tuhju` ju`be be wks wksbtb btbwbe wbe hbe hbegben gbenlbr lbrbb ybe ybel l abke abke.. Wnj Wnjblb blbkk 24

 

gbtbtbe, wksbtbwbe hbegbenlbrb ybel hbsum mn Kefienskb hnegbpbk 0,0 outb turks, fnelbe titba ^W$ 2,33 hkakbr. Ebhue, pbrb b`ak hnelbhbtk kefustrk pnrobabebe fbe pbrkwksbtb `baba fk enl enlbrb brb-en -enlbr lbrbb eie eiehus husakh akh obu` anj anjk` k` jbkm fbr fbrkpbf kpbfbb fk enl enlbrb brb-en -enlbr lbrbb husakh. husa kh. Fn Fnwbe wbe Gr Grns nsgn gnet et Viur Viurss fk Ke Kell llrk rks, s, Naeu Naeurr Wnyk Wnykfa fakk jnrp jnrpne nefb fbpb pbtt pnrtuh pnr tuhju` ju`be be pbr pbrkwk kwksbt sbtbb `baba `baba sn snpnr pnrtk tk ybel ybel tnr tnrak`b ak`btt fk Wnabef Wnabefkb kb Jbr Jbru u fbe Bustrbakb hneueoummbe, enlbrb-enlbrb eiehusakh anjk` fksumbk turks enlbrbenlbrb husakh. Hneuruteyb, fuekb eiehusakh hbhpu hnellbrbp pitnesk tnrsnjut anjk` hbmskhba. Gieti`eyb, Onpbel ybel hnhkakmk rubel sbabt fk jbefbrb jbef brb fbe snj snjblk blkbe be jns jnsbr br `it `itna na fk sbe sbebb hne hneynf ynfkbm kbmbe be hbm hbmbeb bebe e `ba `baba. ba. V`ihsie Znutnrs jbru-jbru kek hnabpirmbe, Nripb hneobfk tuoube wksbtb tnrpipuanr sngbrb laijba pbfb :42:. Fk jblkbe fbctbr tnrbtbs bfbab` Trbegks fnelbe 07 outb mnfbtbelbe. Bhnrkmb Wnrkmbt hnefufumk pisksk mnfub fnelbe 3< outb mnfbtbelbe, fkkmutk G`keb fbe Wpbeyia fnelbe >0 outb mueouelbe. Vurmk fbe Hbabyskb hnefufumk pnrkelmbt mn-3 fbe mn-24. 3 Kefienskb hnhkakmk pitnesk jnsbr fbabh pnelnhjbelbe wksbtb sybrkb` hnelkelbt snjblkbe jnsbr pnefufumeyb bfbab` Husakh fbe bfbeyb cbmtir pnefum pne fumuel uel snp snpnrt nrtkk mn mntnr tnrsnf snfkbbe kbbe pri prifum fum `bab `baba. a. Kef Kefien ienskb skb ybe ybel l hbyirk hbyirktbs tbs pnefufumeyb jnrblbhb Ksabh, sngbrb babhk jufbybeyb tnab` hneobabembe mn`k mn `kfu fupb pbe e jn jnrh rhbs bsyb ybrb rbmb mbtt yb ybel el Ks Ksab abhk hk,, sn`k sn`kel ellb lb fk snjb snjblk lkbe be jn jnsb sbrr wkabyb`eyb ybel hnrupbmb wkabyb`eyb hnrupbmbe e fnst fnstkebsk kebsk wksbtb tnab` rbhb` tnr` tnr`bfbp bfbp Husakh Vr Vrbvn bvnaan aanr. r. Vn Vnrm rmbkt bkt mnju mnjutu tu`be `be uh uhbt bt hu husa sakh kh fu fuek ekb, b, fb fbrk rk 3,0 3,0 hka hkayb ybrr anjk anjk` ` pnefufum fuekb, tnrgbtbt tkfbm murbel fbrk 2,>< hkaybr btbu snmktbr :7% bfbab` husakh. Jb`mbe fk Kefienskb, pnelbeut Ksabh fkpnrmkrbmbe hnegbpbk belmb bel mb :47 ou outb tb ok okwb wb bt btbu bu sn snmk mktb tbrr 00, 00,:% :% fb fbrk rk ouha ouhab` b` pn pnef efuf ufum um.. @ba @ba kek kek hnrupbmbe hnrup bmbe pitn pitnesk esk jblk pnel pnelnhjbel nhjbelbe be wksbtb sybrkb`, hksbaeyb fnelbe fnelbe hnegkptbmbe pbmnt-pbmnt wksbtb sybrkb` fk fnstkebsk pbrkwksbtb Kefienskb.

3

 `ttp?//hulkpbeok.wirfprnss.gih/:426/40/2;/kefienskb-snrkus-mnhjbelmbe-wksbtb-sybrkb`/ `ttp?//hulkpbeok.wirfprnss.gih/:426/40/2;/kefienskb-snrkus-mnhjbelmbe-wksbtb-sybrkb`/   fkbmsns pbfb 4: obeubrk :42> 22

 

Hneuru Hne urutt pne pnenak naktkb tkbe e fbr fbrkk Grn Grnsgn sgnetr etrbtk btkel, el, pn pneln elnaubr aubrbe be wks wksbtb btbwbe wbe husakh hus akh fba fbabh bh sub subtu tu pnr pnrobab obabebe ebe wks wksbtb btb sbe sbelbt lbt tke tkellk llk,, fbp fbpbt bt fkj fkjbybe bybelmb lmbe e ubel ybel fk`bjksmbe wksbtbwbe husakh fk fuekb pbfb tb`ue :422 hnegbpbk 2:3 hkaybr fiabr BW btbu sntbrb Zp 2.:::,2 Vrkakue. Belmb kek fub mbak anjk` jnsb jnsbrr fb fbrk rk sn snau auru ru` ` ub ubel el yb ybel el fkmn fkmnau aubr brmb mbe e ian ian` ` wk wksb sbtb tbwbe wbe Gke Gkebb yb ybel el hnegbpbk 3> hkakbr fiabr BW btbu sntbrb Zp 374 Vrkakue. Vbrlnt mktb wksbtbwbe fbrk Vkhur Vnelb`, Bcrkmb Wnabtbe, Bskb, G`keb, Kefkb, fbe Nripb. Hneuru Hne urutt Fkrone Fkrone Tn Tnhbs hbsbrbe brbe Tbr Tbrkwk kwksbt sbtb, b, Nst Nst`y `y Znm Znmi i Bst Bstutk utk,, uet uetum um hnhneu`k mnjutu`be tnrsnjut pnhnrketb` hnegijb hnelnhjbelmbe fbe hnhprihiskmbe usb`b obsb fk jkfbel pnr`itnabe, rnstirbe, jkri pnrobabebe wksbtb, fbe WTB fk 2: fnstkebsk wksbtb sybrkb` fk Kefienskb betbrb abke Bgn`, Wuhbtnrb Jbrbt, Zkbu, Abhpuel, Jbetne, Obmbrtb, Obwb Jbrbt, Obwb Vnelb`, [ilybmbrtb, Obwb Vkhur, EVJ snrtb Wuabwnsk Wnabtbe. Mnfub jnabs fnstkebsk tnrsnjut hnrupbmbe priynm pnrgieti`be fbe tkfbm hneutup mnhuelmkebe fkpnraubs mn fnstkebsk abkeeyb fk Kefienskb. Trifum jbru fbrk Mnhnpbrnmrbc kek tnetueyb hnhjutu`mbe tneblb pr pric icns nssk skie ieba ba fk jkfb jkfbel el pb pbrk rkwk wksb sbtb tb m` m`us usus usey eybb wk wksb sbtb tb sy sybr brkb kb`. `. ^e ^etu tum m Hnefum Hne fumuel uel pri prilrb lrbh h pnhnrk pnhnrketb etb` ` tn tnrsn rsnjut jut,, ^ek ^ekvnr vnrskt sktbs bs ybe ybel l hnh hnhjum jumbb cbmuatbs cbmuat bs pbrkwk pbrkwksbtb sbtb pnrau hnhpnrskbpmbe hnhpnrskbpmbe `kell `kellbb hnab`k hnab`krmbe rmbe tnebl tneblbb mnro mnrobb pricnskieba fk jkfbel mnpbrkwksbtbbe ybel jnrmubaktbs fbe jnrsnrtkckmbt tbrbc ketnrebskie ketnr ebskieba. ba. Trilrbh Trilrbh wksbtb sybrkb` ybel fklba fklbabmmbe bmmbe ian` Mnhnepbrn Mnhnepbrnmrbc mrbc `brus snobabe fnelbe vksk & hksk cbmuatbs pbrkwksbtb ybel jnrfbsbrmbe ekabkekabk Ksabh fbabh hneelnhjbelmbe fbe hnhboumbe Tbrkwksbtb Wuhbtnrb Jbrbt m`ususeyb fbe Kefienskb uhuheyb. Fnelbe ekabk-ekabk ekabk-ekabk mnksabhbe mnksabhbe ybel bfb pbfb pbrkwk pbrkwksbtb sbtb sybrkb` jumbe `beyb `be yb jn jnrh rhbec becbbt bbt jbl jblkk kefu kefust strk rk pb pbrk rkwk wksb sbtb tb tbpk tbpk oulb oulb jnrh jnrhbec becbbt bbt jb jblk lk hbsybrbmbt fbabh hnekelmbtmbe mnkhbebe & hneobfk hbeuskb ybel anjk` jbkm fbe hnegnlb` tnrobfkeyb `ba `ba ybel jnrskcbt huf`brbt jblk hbeuskb fbe akelmuelbe. Jb`mbe mntub H^K snefkrk hneybhpbkmbe jb`wb \ksbtb Wybrkb` bfbab` jblkbe fbrk Fbmwb`, Wuj`bebaab`. Wnabrbs Wuhjbr snefkrk 2:

 

wksbtb sybrkb` ybel hnel`kabelmbe `ba `ba ybel tkfbm snsubk fnelbe sybrkb` ksabh sbelbt snsubk fnelbe.< Fnelbe bfbeyb wksbtb Wybrkb` kek huelmke jksb hneobwbj pnrtbeybbe fbrk fb rk mb mbab abel elbe be hb hbsy sybr brbm bmbt bt yb ybel el kes` kes`bb Ba Baab ab` ` jksb jksb hn hnel eluj ujb` b` stkl stklhb hb hbsybrbmbt tnetbel pbrkwksbtb fk Kefienskb. Trifum jbru Mnhnepbrnmrbc kek jksb hneobfk Obtk Fkrk Tbrkwksbtb Kefienskb ybel jnrskenrlk fnelbe snauru` abpksbe hbsybrbmbt fbe fbpbt hneobfk kesbe pbrkwksbtb ybel blbhks fbe pricnskieba. kesybbaab`, wksbtb sybrk‛b` ybel pbakel jbrimb`. Hnsmk Hns mk tnr tnrmn mnsbe sbe tn tnrabh rabhjbt jbt,, ebhu ebhue e pne pneln lnhjbe hjbelmb lmbe e snm snmtir tir ‑s` ‑s`brkb brkb tiurksh‘ kek bmbe hnhjnrkmbe ekabk tbhjb` nmieihk snmbaklus m`bzbeb` jufbyb jblk Kefienskb snefkrk, sn`kellb fkmneba fk hbegb Enlbrb, utbhbeyb fk mbabelbe fuekb Ksabh. Fnwbsb kek miesnp prkwksbtb Ksabh (Ksabhkg tiurksh) ‗ jnrmbktbe puab fnelbe miesnp wksbtb `baba ‗ snjub` pbmnt wksbtb ybel snmbaklus hnelbefuel ekabk-ekabk fbmwb`, hbecbbt snrtb pnelnebabe tnetbel mnjufbybbe

Ksabh

(Ksabhkg

guaturn).

Enlbrb Enl brb-enl -enlbrb brb fk Vkhu Vkhurr Vne Vnelb` lb`,, suf sufb` b` anj anjk` k` fuau fuau hne hnelbw lbwbake bakeyb yb sngbrb sngbrb pric pricns nssk skie ieba, ba, giet gieti` i` sn snpn pnrt rtkk Hn Hnsk skr, r, fb fbe e ^e ^ekk Nh Nhkr krbt bt Br Brbj bj (^ (^NB NB)) , yb ybel el hnelnh hne lnhbs bs pbm pbmnt nt wks wksbtb btb hnr hnrnmb nmb fne fnelbe lbe jbs jbsks ks syb sybrkb rkb` ` fbr fbrkk `ua `uau u mn `kak `kakr, r, snhub uesurn ybel tnrmbkt fnelbe pbrkwksbtb fkjuelmus fnelbe ekak-ekabk Ksabhk, fbrk jnetum pnabybebe, `itna, brnb fnstkebsk `kellb hbmbebe ybel fk fksb sbok okm mbe be..

Wn Wn`k `kel ellb lb

pbr brbb

wk wkssbt btbw bwbe be

hn hnhb hbef efbe bel l

pn pnob obab abeb ebe e

yb ybel el

fkbamumbeeyb bfbab` pneu` hbecbbt, jnrekabk tbfbjur babh snrtb rnmrnbsk ybel tkfbm skb-skb. Wbbt kek ‑W`brkb Viurksh‘ btbu \ksbtb jnrjbsks sybrkb` sbelbt hnebrkm uetum fkmnhjbelmbe, sntnab` jnrjblbk jkseks jnrjbsks sybrkb` hnelnhumb, ybmek pnrjbembe sybrkb`, bsurbesk sybrkb` fbe abke-abke, mkek jnrluakr kfn \ksbtb Wybrkb`. Hnak`bt pbfb mneybtbbe ybel fkpbpbrmbe fkbtbs, jkseks wksbtb sybrkb` bmbe hneobfk prkhbfieb jbru jblk fuekb pbrkwksbtb ebskieba jb`mbe ketnrebskieba.0 <

 Zkybeti Wicybe, Jkseks sybrkb`, hnelbpb fbm9, obmbrtb, TV. Lrbhnfkb Tustbmb ^tbhb. @ba. 22<  `p?//hulkpbeok.wirfprnss.gih/:426/40/2;/kefienskb-snrkus-mnhjbelmbe-wksbtb-sybrkb`/ fkbmsns `p?//hulkpbeok.wirfprnss.gih/:426/40/2;/kefienskb-snrkus-mnhjbelmbe-wksbtb-sybrkb`/  fkbmsns pbfb 4:  obeubrk :42> 0

27

 

Tnaubel [bel Jksb Wbyb Bmsns

Fnelbe bfbeyb fumuelbe fbrk H^K fbe pnhnrketb`, snrtb mnjutu`be hbsybrbmbt kefienskb bmbe wksbtb `baba, hbmb wksbtb sybrkb` fk kefienskb bmbe snhbmke hufb` jnrmnhjbel. Wbyb hnak`bt,Fk kefienskb jnauh jbeybm  Obsb Viur ybel hnhkakmk miesnp sybrkb sybrkb`. `. Mbabupue bfb, jbru jnjnrbpb oneks wksbtb ybel hnhbel fbrk bsbaeyb sufb` sybr‛k, snpnrtk zkbrb` wbak ;, btbu  oulb ^hrb`. Fnelbe mneybtbbe kek tnetueyb wksbtb sybrkb` bmbe hneobfk abpbelb abpb elbe e jks jkseks eks ybe ybel l hne hneobe obeokm okmbe. be. Bms Bmsns ns uet uetum um hnh hnhjum jumbb jks jkseks eks wks wksbtb btb sybrkb` fk Kefienskb bmbe anjk` hufb` hnelkelbt snmbrbel kek jnauh jbeybm mihpntktir ybel fbabh pnrsbkelbe jkseks wksbtb sybrkb`.

26

 

JBJ KKK TNE^V^T B. Mn Mnsk skhp hpua uabe be @nrhbwbe Mbrtbobyb fbe Wybmkr Wuab hnhjnrk pnelnrtkbe jb`wb Jkseks sybrkb` bfbab` jkseks ybel sbetue, jkseks ybel pneu` mnjnrsbhbbe fbe pnel`irhbtbe btbs `bm hbskel-hbskel. Jkseks Jks eks syb sybrkb` rkb` hnh hnhpue pueybk ybk mnu mnuekm ekmbe be sne snefkr fkrk, k, tkf tkfbm bm `be `beyb yb jnr jnrskc skcbt bt miepnr`neskc tntbpk jkseks sybrkb` oulb hnhkakmk skcbt ybel uekvnrsba ybel brtkeyb fbpbt fktnrbpmbe mbpbe sbob fbe ian` skbpb sbob jbkm husakh hbupue eie huskh. Jkseks sybrkb` hnhkakmk 6 prkeskp fbabh hnabmumbe mnlkbtbe nmieihkeyb ybktu Mnsnkhjbelbe btbu Mnsnobobrbe, Vbelluel Obwbj, Vbu`kf fbe Mn`nefbm Jnjbs. Tnrmnhjbelbe jkseks sybrkb` hnelbabhk pnrmnhjbelbe ybel pnsbt, jkseks jks eks fnel fnelbe be hne hnellu lluebm ebmbe be abj abjna na syb sybrkb` rkb` kek hne hneobf obfkk trn trnef ef ybe ybel l gum gumup up hnellifb. hnell ifb. @ba kek fkjumtkm fkjumtkmbe be fnelbe jbeybmeyb rblbh jkseks ybel sbbt kek fkjnrk abjna sybrkb`. Tnrjbembe sybrkb` huelmke fbpbt mktb snjut snjblbk pkiekreyb, fksusua mnhufkbe kefustrk ybel jnrlnrbm fk snmtir obsb mnubelbe abkee abk eeyb yb,, bf bfbb mi mipn pnrb rbsk sk obs obsbb mnub mnubel elbe be sy sybr brkb` kb` (M (MOM OMW) W),, bsur bsurbe besk sk sy sybr brkb` kb`,, pnlbfbkbe sybrkb`, ijaklbsk sybrkb` fbe snjblbkeyb. Kefienskb hnhkakmk pitnesk jnsbr fbabh pnelnhjbelbe wksbtb sybrkb` hnelkelbt snjblkbe jnsbr pnefufumeyb bfbab` Husakh fbe bfbeyb cbmtir pnefum pne fumuel uel snp snpnrt nrtkk mn mntnr tnrsnf snfkbbe kbbe pri prifum fum `bab `baba. a. Kef Kefien ienskb skb ybe ybel l hbyirk hbyirktbs tbs pnefufumeyb jnrblbhb Ksabh, sngbrb babhk jufbybeyb tnab` hneobabembe mn`k mn `kfu fupb pbe e jn jnrh rhbs bsyb ybrb rbmb mbtt yb ybel el Ks Ksab abhk hk,, sn`k sn`kel ellb lb fk snjb snjblk lkbe be jn jnsb sbrr wkabyb`eyb wkabyb`e yb ybel hnrupbmb hnrupbmbe e fnst fnstkebsk kebsk wksbtb tnab` rbhb` tnr` tnr`bfbp bfbp Husakh Vr Vrbvn bvnaan aanr. r. Vn Vnrm rmbkt bkt mnju mnjutu tu`be `be uh uhbt bt hu husa sakh kh fu fuek ekb, b, fb fbrk rk 3,0 3,0 hka hkayb ybrr anjk anjk` ` pnefufum fuekb, tnrgbtbt tkfbm murbel fbrk 2,>< hkaybr btbu snmktbr :7% 2>

 

bfbab` husakh. Jb`mbe fk Kefienskb, pnelbeut Ksabh fkpnrmkrbmbe hnegbpbk belmb bel mb :47 ou outb tb ok okwb wb bt btbu bu sn snmk mktb tbrr 00, 00,:% :% fb fbrk rk ouha ouhab` b` pn pnef efuf ufum um.. @ba @ba kek kek hnrupbmbe hnrup bmbe pitn pitnesk esk jblk pnel pnelnhjbel nhjbelbe be wksbtb sybrkb`, hksbaeyb fnelbe fnelbe hnegkptbmbe pbmnt-pbmnt wksbtb sybrkb` fk fnstkebsk pbrkwksbtb Kefienskb.

Hnsmk tnrmnsbe tnrabhjbt, ebhue pnelnhjbelmbe snmtir ‑s`brkb tiurksh‘ kek bmbe hnhjnrkmbe ekabk tbhjb` nmieihk snmbaklus m`bzbeb` jufbyb jblk Kefienskb snefkrk, sn`kellb fkmneba fk hbegb Enlbrb, utbhbeyb fk mbabelbe fuekb Ksabh. Hnak`bt pbfb m mneybtbbe neybtbbe ybel fkpbpbrmbe fkbtbs, jkseks wksbtb sybrkb` bmbe hneobfk prkhbfieb jbru jblk fuekb pbrkwksbtb ebskieba jb`mbe ketnrebskieba.

23

 

FBCVBZ T^WVBMB Wybmkr Wuab, Hu`bhhbf, fbe mnrtbobyb, @nrhbwbe, sybrkb` hbrmntkel, Hkzbe, Jbefuel, :443 Wicybe, Zkybeti. Jkseks sybrkb`, hnelbpb tkfbm9, obmbrtb, TV. Lrbhnfkb Tustbmb ^tbhb. `ttps?//bfzbekb`fkefb.wirfprnss.gih/:427/46/4 wbwbegbrb hys`brkel.gih fnelbe FWE H^K. `ttp?//hys`brkel.gi/wksbtbsybrkb`/ .fkbmsns pbfb 4: obeubrk :42>

2<