Makalah Mola Hidatidosa 1

 

DKBKEKC ]HG]KG@ DOEKCIMK]IMOVK  

MOVHG ^HDAIDAIG@ < QHZI GOZI]K VV].,D.Bha

MIVXVXG OEHC <  

MCHK KDKGMK

YKYKVKG CKLI VOHCKIEY [KQI  

VHBOEKC ]IG@@I IEDX BHVHCK]KG DHQKG@IG   ]KCXG KLKQKG 1>1;/1>11

MKJ]KQ IVI

 

BK]K ^HG@KG]KQ ……………………………….…………………………………….,,,,,,,i MKJ]KQ IVI ……………………………………………………………...………,,,,,,,,,,….….; ……………………………………………………………...………,,,,,,,,,,….….; AKA ; ^HGMKCXEXKG ^HGMKCXEXKG ……………………………………………………………….…….1 k. ektkr ektkr ahekbkg` ahekbkg` …………………… …………………………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………. ……..1 .1  a. Quduskg dkskekc ……………………...………………………………………1 f. ]ulukg… ]ulukg………… ……………. …….……… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ………….1 ….1 AKA ;; ^HDAKCKVKG ^HDAKCKVKG ……………………………………………………………………..6 k. Igshrsi Igshrsio o vhekdh vhekdhgtos gtoskk ……………… ……………………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ………….. …...6 .6 ;.; Mhjigisi …………………………… …………………………………………… …………………………… ……………………….8 ………….8 ;.1 Htioeo`i Htioeo`i ……………………….… ……………………….………………… …………………………… …………………………. …………….8 8 ;.6 ^ktojisioeo`i ^ktojisioeo`i …………………………… …………………………………………… …………………………… …………………..8 ……..8 ;.= ]kgmk mkg `hlkek ………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… …………………8 ……8 ;.8 ^hgkg`kgkg ^hgkg`kgkg …………...………… …………...……………………… …………………………… ……………………………8 ……………8  a. Qupturh sigus dkr`igkeis ……………………………………………………….: 1.; Mhjigisi Mhjigisi ………….……………… ………….…………………………… …………………………… …………………………… ……………: : 1.1 ^rhmisposisi ^rhmisposisi ……………...……… ……………...…………………… …………………………… …………………………… ……………: : 1.6 Mik`gosis Mik`gosis ……….………………… ……….………………………………… ……………………………… …………………….….0 …….….0 1.= ^ro`gosis …………….……………… …………….…………………………… …………………………… …………………….…. …….….0 0 1.8 Dkgijhstksi Dkgijhstksi beigib …………………………… ………………………………………… …………………………. …………….….0 ….0 1.: Bodpeibksi Bodpeibksi …………………………… …………………………………………… …………………………… ……………………3 ………3 f. Ksbha Ksbha Doekcimk Doekcimktim timosk osk …………… …………………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……… AKA ;;; ^HGX]X^ ……………………...………………………………………………..…;> 6.; Bhsidpuekg Bhsidpuekg …………………..…… …………………..………………… …………………………… …………………………… ……………;> ;> 6.1 Vkrkg …………,..……… …………,..……………………… …………………………… …………………………… ……………………….. ………..;> ;> MKJ]KQ ^XV]KBK ………………………………………………………….……………..;;

BK]K ^HG@KG]KQ 

 

 

^uli syubur bkdi pkglktbkg pkglktbkg bh ckmirkt Keekc VP], bkrhgk ktks ahrbkt rkcdkt mkg

cimkykc-G cimk ykc-Gyk yk shcig``k shcig``k bkdi bkdi mkpkt mkpkt dhgyhek dhgyhekskib skibkg kg dkbkekc dkbkekc DOEKCI DOEKCIMK] MK]IMO IMOVK VK Mhg`kg shehskigyk bkryk dkbkekc igi dkbk sh`kek bhrhgmkckg ckti bkdi dhg`ufkpbkg thridk bksic bhpkmk thdkg-thdk thdkg-thdkg g ykg` dhdahr mubug`kg bhpkmk bkdi shcig``k bkdi mkpkt dhgyhehskibkg dkbkekc igi.  

Mkekd phgueiskg phgueiskg dkbkekc dkbkekc igi bkdi dhgykmkri dhgykmkri dksic akgykb bhburkg`kg bhburkg`kg ykg`

ckrus mi ahgkci ugtub ugtub itu bkdi dhg`ckrkpbkg dhg`ckrkpbkg britib britib mkg skrkg ykg` bogstrubtij bogstrubtij ugtub  dhgulu bhshdpurgkkg. bhshdpurgkkg. Dkbkekc igi mi susug ugtub mkpkt dhdhguci tu`ks dktk bueikc, mkg shdo`k ahrdkgjkkt.

 

Akg`bo , ;> Mhshdahr 1>1;

^hgyusug

 

AKA I ^HGMKCXEXKG K. EK]K EK]KQ Q AHE AHEKB KBKG KG@ @

Doekk Cimkti Doe Cimktimosk mosk kmkekc kmkekc skekc skekc sktu phgykbit phgykbit trojoae trojoaeks ks `hstksio `hstksiogke gke (^]@), (^]@), ykg` dheiputi ahrak`ki phgykbit ykg` ahrkske mkri pekshgtk ykbgi doek cimktimosk pkrsike mkg bodpeht, boriobkrsigodk, doek igvksij mkg pekfhgtke sith tropcoaekstif tudors. ^krk kcei `ighb `ighboe oeo`i o`i mkg ogboe ogboeo`i o`i shphgm shphgmkp kpkt kt ugtub ugtub dhdp dhdphrt hrtid idak akg`b g`bkg kg bogmi bogmisi si igi shak`k shak`kii bhdug`b bhd ug`bigkg igkg thrlkmi thrlkmigyk gyk bh`kgksk bh`kgkskg, g, mhg`kg mhg`kg doek doek cimktimo cimktimosk sk ahrpro`g ahrpro`gosis osis ligkb, ligkb, mkg boriob bor iobkrs krsigo igodk dk ykg` ykg` `kgks, `kgks, sh shmkg mkg`b `bkg kg doek doek cimkt cimktim imosk osk igvks igvksij ij shak` shak`ki ki aormh aormhre reigh igh bh`kgkskg. Jrhbuhgsi Doek akgykb mithdubkg mi Gh`krk ‖ gh`krk ksik, Kjribk mkg Kdhribk ektig mkri pkmk mi Gh`krk ‖ gh`krk akrkt. Doek cimktimosk dhrupkbkg phgykbit wkgitk mkekd dksk rhpromubsi kgtkrk udur ;8 tkcug skdpki =8 tkcug. Igsimhgsi doek cimktimosk cimktimosk miekporbkg miekporbkg Doorh mbb (1>>8) pkmk ak`ikg akrkt Kdhribk Vhribkt, thrlkmi ; bhlkmikg bhckdiekg doek mkri ;>>>-;8>> bhckdiekg. Doek cimktimosk mithdubkg burkg` ehaic ; mkri :>> bksus kaortus dhmisigkeis. Mi Ksik igsimhgsi doek ;8 bkei ehaic tig``i tig``i mkripkmk mkripkmk mi Kdhribk Kdhribk Vhribkt, Vhribkt, mhg`kg mhg`kg Lhpkg` Lhpkg` ykg` dhekporbk dhekporbkg g akcwk akcwk thrlkmi 1 bhlkmikg bhckdiekg doek mkri ;>>> bhckdiekg. Mi gh`krk-gh`krk ]idur Lkuc  ahahrkpk sudahr dhdphrbirkbkg igsimhgsi doek ehaic tig``i ek`i ykbgi ; bhckdiekg. Vohlohgohs mbb (;990) dhekporbkg ; bhckdiekg2 Vohtodo (Vurkakyk) < ; ^hrskeigkg2 Mlkdcohr Dkrtkkmisoharktk (Akgmug`) < 9-1; phr ;>>> bhckdiekg. Aikskgyk miludpki ehaic shrig` pkmk udur rhpromubsi (;8-=8 tkcug) mkg pkmk duetipkrk. Lkmi mhg`kg dhgig`bktbkg pkritks bhdug`bigkg dhgmhritk doek ehaic ahskr;.3.9. A. QXDXVKG DKVKEKC

;. Kpk ^hg`hrtikg Doekcimktimosk ? 1Kpk ^hg`hrtikg. Doekcimktimosk ? 6.Kpk ^hg`hrtikg ^ktojisioeo`i Doekcimktimosk ? =. Kpk ^hg`hrtikg]kgmk Mkg @hlkek Doekcimktimosk ? 8. Kpk ^hg`hrtikg^hgkg`kgkg Doekcimktimosk ?

F.]XLXKG

 

;. Dhg`htkcui Kpk ^hg`hrtikg Doekcimktimosk 1 Dhg`htkcui Kpk ^hg`hrtikg. Htioeo`i Doekcimktimosk 6. Dhg`htkcui Kpk ^hg`hrtikg ^ktojisioeo`i Doekcimktimosk =. Dhg`htkcui Kpk ^hg`hrtikg ]kgmk Mkg @hlkek doekcimktimosk 8. Dhg`htkcui Kpk ^hg`hrtikg ^hgkg`kgkg doekcimktimosk

 

I.

^hg`hrtikg doekcimktimosk

Doekk Cimkti Doe Cimktimosk mosk kmkekc kmkekc skekc skekc sktu phgykbit phgykbit trojoae trojoaeks ks `hstksio `hstksiogke gke (^]@), (^]@), ykg` dheiputi ahrak`ki phgykbit ykg` ahrkske mkri pekshgtk ykbgi doek cimktimosk pkrsike mkg bodpeht, boriobkrsigodk, doek igvksij mkg pekfhgtke sith tropcoaekstif tudors. ^krk kcei `ighb `ighboe oeo`i o`i mkg ogboe ogboeo`i o`i shphgm shphgmkp kpkt kt ugtub ugtub dhdp dhdphrt hrtid idak akg`b g`bkg kg bogmi bogmisi si igi shak`k shak`kii bhdug`bigkg bhdug`b igkg thrlkmi thrlkmigyk gyk bh`kgksk bh`kgkskg, g, mhg`kg mhg`kg doek doek cimktimo cimktimosk sk ahrpro`g ahrpro`gosis osis ligkb, ligkb, mkg boriob bor iobkrs krsigo igodk dk ykg` ykg` `kgks, `kgks, sh shmkg mkg`b `bkg kg doek doek cimkt cimktim imosk osk igvks igvksij ij shak` shak`ki ki aormh aormhre reigh igh bh`kgkskg. Jrhbuhgsi Doek akgykb mithdubkg mi Gh`krk ‖ gh`krk ksik, Kjribk mkg Kdhribk ektig mkri pkmk mi Gh`krk ‖ gh`krk akrkt. Doek cimktimosk dhrupkbkg phgykbit wkgitk mkekd dksk rhpromubsi kgtkrk udur ;8 tkcug skdpki =8 tkcug. Igsimhgsi doek cimktimosk cimktimosk miekporbkg miekporbkg Doorh mbb (1>>8) pkmk ak`ikg akrkt Kdhribk Vhribkt, thrlkmi ; bhlkmikg bhckdiekg doek mkri ;>>>-;8>> bhckdiekg. Doek cimktimosk mithdubkg burkg` ehaic ; mkri :>> bksus kaortus dhmisigkeis. Mi Ksik igsimhgsi doek ;8 bkei ehaic tig``i tig``i mkripkmk mkripkmk mi Kdhribk Kdhribk Vhribkt, Vhribkt, mhg`kg mhg`kg Lhpkg` Lhpkg` ykg` dhekporbk dhekporbkg g akcwk akcwk thrlkmi 1 bhlkmikg bhckdiekg doek mkri ;>>> bhckdiekg. Mi gh`krk-gh`krk ]idur Lkuc  ahahrkpk sudahr dhdphrbirkbkg igsimhgsi doek ehaic tig``i ek`i ykbgi ; bhckdiekg. Vohlohgohs mbb (;990) dhekporbkg ; bhckdiekg2 Vohtodo (Vurkakyk) < ; ^hrskeigkg2 Mlkdcohr Dkrtkkmisoharktk (Akgmug`) < 9-1; phr ;>>> bhckdiekg. Aikskgyk miludpki ehaic shrig` pkmk udur rhpromubsi (;8-=8 tkcug) mkg pkmk duetipkrk. Lkmi mhg`kg dhgig`bktbkg pkritks bhdug`bigkg dhgmhritk doek ehaic ahskr;.3.9. ^hgkg`kgkg ^hgkg`k gkg doek doek cimktim cimktimosk osk timkb timkb thraktk thraktkss pkmk hvkbuksi hvkbuksi bhckdie bhckdiekg kg doek doek sklk, sklk, thtkpi lu`k dhdautucbkg phgkg`kgkg ehaic ekglut ahrupk dogitorig` ugtub dhdkstibkg  pro`gosis phgykbit thrshaut. Doek Cimktimosk kmkekc ghopeksdk ligkb mkri she trojoaekst. ^k ^kmk mk doek doek cimkt cimktimo imosk sk bh bhckd ckdie iekg kg timk timkb b ah ahrbh rbhda dakg` kg` dhgl dhglkmi kmi lkgi lkgig g ykg` ykg` shdp shdpurg urgk, k, dhekig dhe kigbkg bkg ahrbhda ahrbhdakg` kg` dhglkmi dhglkmi bhkmkkg bhkmkkg pktoeo`i pktoeo`ib, b, shahrkpk shahrkpk lkuc tig`bkt tig`bkt akckyk akckyk doek doek th thrck rckmkp mkp pksih pksihg, g, ak`kid ak`kidkgk kgk tktke tktkekb kbskg skgkg kgyk yk dkbke dkbkekc kc ahribu ahributt kb kbkg kg dhg`u dhg`ug`b g`bkpb kpbkg kg  ahrmkskrbkg stumi bksus Ckdpir shduk wkgitk mhg`kg phgykbit tropcoaekstif `hstksiogke ykg` dkei`gkg mkpkt mishdaucbkg mhg`kg dhdphrtkckgbkg jug`si rhpromubsi. Misbusi  ahribut thraktks pkmk doek cimktimosk. Bhckdiekg doek shfkrk cistoeo`is mitkgmki mhg`kg bhekigkg viei bcoriogib ykg` thrmiri mkri proeijhrksi trojoaeks mhg`kg mhrklkt ahrvkriksi mkg hmhdkk strodk hmhd strodk vieus. vieus. Doek Doek aikskgyk aikskgyk threhtkb threhtkb mi rog``k rog``k uthrus, uthrus, gkdug gkdug bkmkg`-b bkmkg`-bkmkg kmkg` ` threhtkb mi tuak jkeeopi mkg akcbkg ovkriud

1.=.:.

 

II.

MHJIGIVI DOEK CIMK]IMOVK

Doekk Cimkti Doe Cimktimosk mosk kmkekc kmkekc bhckdie bhckdiekg kg kagordk kagordkee midkgk midkgk sheuruc sheuruc vieei vieei borikeis borikeisgyk gyk dhg`kekdi phruakckg cimrojoaib. Doek cimktimosk micuaug`bkg mhg`kg hmhdk vhsibuekr  mkri viei bcorikeis pekshgtk mkg aikskgyk timkb mishrtki jhtus ykg` igtkb. Vhfkrk cistoeo`is thrmkpk thr mkpktt proeijh proeijhrksi rksi trojoaek trojoaekst st mhg`kg mhg`kg ahrak`ki ahrak`ki tig`bkt tig`bktkg kg ciphrpe ciphrpeksik ksik mkg mispeks mispeksik. ik. Ziei Ziei bcorikeis thrisi fkirkg, dhdahg`bkb, mkg ckgyk thrmkpkt shmibit phdaueuc mkrkc. Doek cimkt cimktimo imosk sk thrak thrak`i `i kt ktks ks 1 bkth` bkth`ori ori.. Ykbgi Ykbgi bodp bodpeht eht doek doek cimkt cimktim imosk osk mkg pkrsi pkrsike ke do doek ek cimktimosk. Doek cimktimosk bodpeht timkb ahrisi lkrig`kg jhtus. 9> % aikskgyk thrmiri mkri bkriotiph =:,SS mkg ;>% =:,SY. Vhduk brodosod ahrkske mkri pkthrgke. Ovud ykg` timkb   ahrgubehus dhg`kekdi jhrtieisksi oehc sphrdk ckpeoim ykg` bhdumikg ahrmupeibksi shgmiri, ktku sktu theur miaukci oehc 1 sphrdk. ^kmk doek ykg` bodpeht, viei bcorikeh bcorikehss dhdieibi firi shphrti aukc kg`ur,mkg thrmkpkt tropoaekstib ciphrpeksik.

@kdakr;. @kdakrkg Doek Cimktimosk cttp

 

dig``u, uthrus ahrtkdakc ahskr, tkpi migmig`gyk dhglkmi ehaic tipis thtkpi ehaic bukt mkg dhdahskr skdpki bheukr phevis, dksub bh mkekd rog``k kamodhg pkmk dksk jhtus. ^kmk ududgyk shtikp bhckdiekg ahrkbcir mhg`kg ekcirgyk akyi ykg` shdpurgk. shdpurgk. ]htkpi mked bhgyktkkggyk timkb shekeu mhdibikg. Vhrig` bkei phrbhdakg`kg phrbhdakg`kg bhckdiekg dhgmkpkt `kg``u `kg ``ukg. kg. Mhdi Mhdibi bikg kg puek puek mhg`kg mhg`kg phgykb phgykbit it trojo trojoaek aekst, st, pkmk pkmk ckbhbk ckbhbktg tgyk yk dhrup dhrupkbk kbkg g bh`k`kekg rhpromubsi. Mi sigi bhckdiekg timkb ahrbhdakg` dhglkmi lkgig ykg` shdpurgk, dhekig dhe kigbkg bkg ahrbhda ahrbhdakg` kg` dhglkmi dhglkmi bhkmkkg bhkmkkg pktoeo` pktoeo`ib ib ykg` thrlkmi thrlkmi pkmk dig``udig``u-dig dig``u ``u  phrtkdk bhckdiekg, ahrupk mh`hghrksi cimrojib mkri loglot bkriog, shcig``k dhgyhrupki `hehdaug` ykg` mishaut —doek cimktimosk— Vhak`ikg mkri vieei ahruakc dhglkmi `hehdaug`  ‖ `hehdaug` ahrisi fkirkg lhrgic dhrupkbkg bistk ‖ bistk bhfie shphrti kg``ur mkg mkpkt dhg`isi sheuruc fkvud uthri. Vhfkrk cistopktoeo`if bkmkg` ‖ bkmkg` mithdubkg lkrig`kg doek pkmk pekshgtk mhg`kg akyi gordke. Aiks lu`k thrlkmi bhckdiekg `kgmk doek kmkekc < sktu lhgis tudauc mkg ykg` sktu ek`i dhglkmi doek cimktimosk. @hehdaug` doek ahskrgyk  ahrvkriksi, dueki mkri ykg` ykg ` bhfie skdpki ykg` ahrmikdhthr ahrm ikdhthr ehaic mkri ; fd 8. ^k ^kmk mk uddg uddgyk yk ph phgm gmhr hrit itkk —doe —doekk cimk cimkti timo mosk sk kbkg kbkg dhgl dhglkm kmii ak akib ib bh bhda dake kei, i, thtk thtkpi pi kmk kmk mikgtkrkgyk ykg` bhdumikg dhg`kekdi mh`hghrksi bh`kgkskg ykg` ahrupk bkrsigodk

II. II.

6.=

.

^K]O ^K]OJI JIVI VIOE OEO@ O@II DOEK DOEK CIMK CIMK]I ]IMO MOVK VK

]hor ]h orii thrl thrlkm kmig igyk yk ph phgy gykb kbit it tr troj ojoa oaek ekss km kmkk 1, yk ykit itu u thor thorii

disshm diss hm kaor kaortio tiog g 

mkg thori thori

ghopeksdk mkri ^krb. ;. ]hori

disshm kaortiog  dhgyktkbkg

akcwk dumi`kc dkti pkmk bhckdiekg 6-8 dig``u

(disshm (diss hm ka kaort ortio iog) g) bkrhg bkrhgkk itu itu th thrlk rlkmi mi `k `kg`` g``uk ukg g phrhm phrhmkrk krkg g mkrkc mkrkc shcig` shcig``k `k thrl thrlkmi kmi  phgidaugkg fkirkg mkekd lkrig`kg dhshgbid mkri vieei mkg kbcirgyk thrahgtubekc `hehdaug`-`hehdaug`. 1. ]hori ]hori ghopeksdk ghopeksdk mkri ^krb dhgykt dhgyktkbkg kbkg akcwk akcwk ykg` kagordke kagordke kmkekc kmkekc she-she she-she trojo trojoaeks aeks mkg lu`k jug`sigyk jug`sigyk midkgk midkgk thrlkmi thrlkmi rhsorasi rhsorasi fkirkg fkirkg ykg` ahrehaick ahrehaickg g bh mkekd mkekd vieei vieei shcig``k shci g``k tidaue tidaue `hehdaug `hehdaug`. `. Cke igi dhgyhak dhgyhakabkg abkg `kg``ukg `kg``ukg phrhmkrk phrhmkrkg g mkrkc mkrkc mkg bhdktikg dumi`kc.

 

@kdakr 1. Lkrig`kg Doek cttp0_^ekfhgtk_Eka/Ksshts/Veimh3.`ij  III. III.

BEKV BEKVIJ IJIB IBKV KVII DOEK DOEK CIMK CIMK]I ]IMO MOVK VK

;. Doek Doek Cimk Cimkti timos moskk Vhd Vhdpur purgk gk Zieei boriogib ahruakc dhglkmi suktu dkssk vhsibhe ‖ vhsibhe lhrgic. Xburkg vhsibhe  ahrvkriksi mkri ykg` sueit mieickt, ahrmikdhthr skdpki ahahrkpk shgtidhthr mkg shrig`  ahrbheodpob ‖ bheodpob dhg``kgtug` pkmk tkg`bki tkg `bki bhfie. ]hdukg Cistoeo`ib mitkgmki oehc< k.

Mh`hghr Mh`hghrksi ksi cimroj cimrojoaib oaib mkg mkg phdahg` phdahg`bkbk bkbkg g Vtrodk Vtrodk Zieus Zieus

 a. ]imkb kmkgyk phdaueuc mkrkc m krkc mi vieus ykg` dhdahg`bkb  f. ^roeijh ^roeijhrksi rksi hpith hpithee tropoaeks tropoaeks mhg`k mhg`kg g mhrklkt mhrklkt ahrvkri ahrvkriksi ksi m. ]imkb ]imkb kmkg kmkgyk yk lkgi lkgig g mkg mkg kdgi kdgiog. og. Doek shdpurgk timkb dhdieibi lkrig`kg jhtus. 9>% dhrupkbkg `hgotip =:SS mkg siskgyk =:SY. Ziei boriogib ahruakc dhglkmi suktu dkssk vhsibhe-vhsibhe lhrgic. 1. Doek Doek Cimkt Cimktim imosk osk ^k ^krsi rsike ke Kpkai Kp kaiek ek phruak phruakckg ckg cimkt cimktim imosk osk ahrsi ahrsijk jktt jobke jobke mkg burkg burkg` ` ahrbhd ahrbhdak akg`, g`, mkg dug`b du g`big ig tk tkdp dpkb kb sh shak` ak`ki ki lk lkrig rig`kg `kg lk lkgi gig. g. ]hrlk ]hrlkmi mi phrbh phrbhda dakg` kg`kg kg cimkt cimktimo imosk sk ykg` ykg`  ahrekg`sug` ekdakt pkmk shak`ikg vieei ykg` aikskgyk kvksbuekr, shdhgtkrk vieei ‖ vieei  ahrphdaueuc ekiggyk ekiggy k mhg`kg sirbueksi sirbueks i lkgig pekshgtk ykg ykg` ` dksic ahrjug`si timkb thrbhgk :.0. ^ksihg mhg`kg doek pkrsike timkb dhdieibi dhdieibi dkgijhstksi beigis ykg` skdk pkmk doek shdpurgk. ^ksihg igi aikskgyk mktkg` mhg`kg tkgmk mkg `hlkek ykg` dirip mhg`kg kaorsi igbodpeit ktku disshm kaortiog ykbgi ^hrmkrkckg vk`igk mkg ciekg`gyk mhgyut lkgtug`

 

 lkgig, ^kmk doek pkrsike, lkrig`kg jhtus aikskgyk mimkpktbkg, hritrosit mkg phdaueuc mk mkrk rkc c jhtu jhtuss pk pkmk mk viee vieeii dhru dhrupk pkbk bkg g ph phgh ghdu dukg kg yk ykg` g` shri shrig` g`bk bkei ei kmk. kmk. Bodp Bodpeh ehdh dhg g brodosodgyk ykitu :9,SSS ktku :9,SSY. Igi mikbiaktbkg mkri jhrtieisksi ovud ckpeoim mkg mupei mupeibk bksi si brodo brodosod sod ck ckpeo peoim im pkthr pkthrgke gke ktku ktku kbiak kbiaktt phdauk phdaukckg ckg muk sphrd sphrdk. k. ]htrkpeoimi lu`k aiksk mimkpktbkg. Vhphrti pkmk doek shdpurgk, mithdubkg lkrig`kg trojoaekstib cyphrpeksik mkg phdahg`bkbkg vieei fcoriogif. .   @kdakrkg

Doek pkrsike

Doek Bodpeht

(igbodpeht)

(beksib)

Lkrig`kg hdario ktku lkgig

Kmk

]imkb kmk

^hdahg`bkbkg ^hdah g`bkbkg cimktimosk cimktimosk

Jobke

Mijus

Jobke

Mijus

Igbeusi strodk

Kmk

]imkb kmk

Ehbubkg vieosk

Kmk

]imkb kmk

 pkmk viei Cyphrpeksik

IZ.

H]IOEO@I

^hgyhaka doek cimktimosk timkb mibhtkcui, jkbtor ‖ jkbtor ykg` mkpkt dhgyhakabkg kgtkrk ekig;,1, < ;. Jk Jkbt btor or ov ovud ud < ov ovud ud dhdk dhdkg` g` sumk sumkc c pk pkto toeo eo`i `ib b shci shcig` g``k `k dkti dkti,, thtk thtkpi pi thre threkd kdak aktt mibheukrbkg 1. Idugoshehbtij Idugoshehbtij mkri tropoaekst< tropoaekst< ykitu mhg`kg bhdktik bhdktikg g jhtus,phdaueuc jhtus,phdaueuc mkrkc mkrkc pkmk strodk vieei dhglkmi lkrkg` mkg strodk vieei dhglkmi shdaka mkg kbcirgyk thrlkmi cyphrpeksik. 6. Bhkmk Bhkmkkg kg sosio sosio-h -hbog bogod odii ykg` ykg` rh rhgmk gmkc< c< bhkmk bhkmkkg kg sosik sosikee hb hbogo ogodi di kbkg kbkg ahrph ahrphg`k g`kru ruc c thrckmkp phdhguckg `izi iau ykg` pkmk kbcirgyk kbkg dhdphg`krucig phdahgtubkg ovud kagordke ykg` dhg`krkc pkmk thrahgtubgyk doek cimktimosk. =. ^kritks tig``i< iau mhg`kg pkritks tig``i, tig``i, dhdieibi dhdieibi bhdug`bigkg bhdug`bigkg thrlkmigyk thrlkmigyk kagordke kagordkeitks itks  pkmk bhckdiekg ahributgyk,shcig``k ahributgyk,shcig`` k kmk bhdug`bigkg bhckdiekg ahrbhdakg` dhglkmi doek cimktimosk. 8. Bhbur Bhburkg kg`kg `kg proth prothig< ig>.  prhhbekdpsik-hbekdpsik  prhhbekdpsik-hbekdps ik ykg` thrlkmi shaheud dig``u bh-1=. bh-1 =.

@kdakr 6. @kdakrkg XV@ doek cimktimosk cttp/9> dd C`), prothigurik prothigurik (76>> d`/m), mkg hmhdk mhg`kg cyphrrhjehxik. Bhlkg` lkrkg` thrlkmi..



Bistk thfk euthig< Dhrupkbkg bistk ovkriud mhg`kg mikdhthr ehaic ahskr mkri :fd mkg miibuti miib uti mhg`kg mhg`kg phdahsk phdahskrkg rkg ovkriud ovkriud.. Bistk Bistk igi aikskgyk aikskgyk timkb timkb mkpkt mkpkt mipkepks mipkepksii pkmk  phdhribskkg aidkguke gkdug mkpkt thrimhgtijibksi mhg`kg XV@. ^ksihg aikskgyk dhg`heucbkg dhg`heuc bkg gyhri phevis. Bkrhgk kmkgyk phgig`bktkg uburkg ovkriud, thrmkpkt rhsibo

 

torsi. Bistk igi ahrbhdakg` kbiakt kmkgyk bkmkr ahtk-CF@ ykg` tig``i mkg bkmkrgyk  aikskgyk dhgurug shthekc s hthekc doek @kdakr ;. Fogtoc mkri Doek Vhdpurgk Doek ^krsike 

Ehaic shrig` timkb dhdphreicktbkg tkgmk jisib. ^keig` shrig` mithdubkg mhg`kg XV@



^hdahskrkg uthrus mkg prhhbekdpsik miekporbkg thrlkmi ckgyk pkmk 6% bksus



Bistk ]chfk euthig, ciphrhdhsis, kgm ciphrtcyroimisd lkrkg` thrlkmi.

6. Ekao Ekaork rkttoriu oriud d

^hg`uburkg bkmkr Cordog Bkriogib @kgkmotropig (CF@) ykg` tig``i dkbk uli  aioeo`ib mkg idugoeo`ib (@keei Dkigigi mkg ^ekgo thst) kbkg positij shthekc titrksi (phg`hfhrkg) < @keei Dkigigi ;/6>> (+) dkbk susphb doekcimktimosk =. Qkmioeo`ib  

^ekig joto kamodhg-phevis < timkb mithdubkg tuekg` lkgig



XV@ < mithdubkg `kdakrkg sgow strod ktku `kdakrkg shphrti akmki skelu.

8. Cist Cistop opkt ktoe oeo` o`ib  ib 

Mkri Mk ri `h `heh ehda daug ug``-`h `heh ehda daug ug` ` yk ykg` g` bh bheu eukr kr,, mibi mibiri rid d bh Eka. Eka. ^k ^kto toeo eo`i `i Kgkt Kgktod odii Bhakgykbkg doek sumkc mkpkt mimhthbsi ehaic kwke pkmk tridhsthr kwke shaheud thrlkmi ogsht `hlkek beksib thrshaut, thrshaut, kbiakt thrmkpktgyk thrmkpktgyk kekt phguglkg` XV@ ykg` ahrhsoeusi ahrhsoeusi tig``i. @hlkek @hl kek doek doek pkrsike pkrsike timkb timkb skdk skdk shphrti shphrti doek bodpeht bodpeht doek. doek. ^hgmhri ^hgmhritk tk aikskgy aikskgykk ckgyk ckgyk dhg`heu dhg `heucbkg cbkg `hlkek `hlkek shphrti shphrti thrlkmigyk thrlkmigyk kaortus kaortus igbodpe igbodpeht ht ktku

disshm kaortiog,

shphrti

kmkgyk phrmkrkckg vk`igke mkg timkb kmkgyk mhgyut lkgtug` lkgig. Mkri phdhribskkg jisib   pkmk bhckdiekg doek bodpeht mimkpktbkg udur bhckdiekg ykg` timkb shsuki mhg`kg  ahskrgyk uthrus (tig``i jugmus uthri). ^hdahskrkg uthrus ykg` timkb bogsisthg igi mishakabkg oehc phrtudauckg trojoaekstib ykg` hbshsij mkg thrtkckggyk mkrkc mkekd uthrus. Mi Mimk mkpk pktb tbkg kg pu puek ek km kmkg kgyk yk `h `hlk lkek ek pr prhh hhbe bekd kdsi sikk yk ykg` g` thrl thrlkm kmii pk pkmk mk 10 10% % bk bksu suss mh mhg` g`kg kg bkrkbthristib ciphrthgsi ( ]M 7 ;=>/9> ddC`), prothgurik (76>> d`.me), mkg hmhdk mhg`kg ciphrhjehbsik. Bhlkmikg bhlkg` lkrkg` mimkpktbkg. Bistk tchfk euthig, ykbgi bistk ovkrii ykg` mikdhthrgyk ahruburkg 7 : fd ykg` miibuti oehc phdahskrkg ovkriud. Bistk igi timkb shekeu mkpktt thrkak mkpk thrkak pkmk phdhri phdhribskk bskkg g aidkguk aidkgukee dhekigb dhekigbkg kg ckgyk ckgyk mkpkt mkpkt miimhgt miimhgtijib ijibksi ksi mhg`kg mhg`kg XV@. Bistk igi ahrbhdakg` shak`ki rhspog thrckmkp tig``igyk bkmkr ahtk CF@ mkg kbkg ekg`sug` rh`rhsi aiek doek thekc mihvkbuksi.

 

^hdhribskkg ekaorktoriud ykg` miekbubkg kgtkrk ekig bkmkr ahtk CF@ ykg` gordke. Aiek mimkpktbkg 7 ;>>.>>> dIX/dE dhrupkbkg igmibksi mkri phrtudauckg trojoaekstib ykg`  akgykb shbkei mkg bhfuri`kkg thrckmkp bhckdiekg doek ckrus misig`birbkg. Kghdik dhrupkb dhr upkbkg kg bodpeib bodpeibksi ksi ykg` shrig` shrig` thrlkmi thrlkmi mishrtk mishrtkii mhg`kg mhg`kg bhfhgmhr bhfhgmhrug`k ug`kg g thrlkmi thrlkmigyk gyk bok`ueopkti.shcig``k phdhribskkg mkrkc ehg`bkp mkg ths bok`ueksi miekbubkg. Miekbubkg  lu`k phdhribskkg ths jug`si ckti, AXG mkg brhktigig shrtk tcyroxig mkg shrud igciaig K mkg kftivig. ^hdhribskkg ^hdhri bskkg uetrksogo`rkji uetrksogo`rkji dhrupkbkg dhrupkbkg phdhribskkg phdhribskkg stkgmkr ugtub dhg`imhgtijibksi dhg`imhgtijibksi bhckdiekg doek. Mkri `kdakrkg XV@ tkdpkb `kdakrkg akmki skelu (sgowstord) ykg` dhg`igm dhg `igmibks ibksibkg ibkg

viei bcorikeh bcorikehs s 

ykg` cimropi cimropib. b. Mhg`kg Mhg`kg rhsoeusi rhsoeusi ykg` tig``i tig``i mimkpktb mimkpktbkg kg

dkssk dk ssk ig igtr trkk uthri uthrig g ykg` ykg` bodpeh bodpehbs bs mh mhg`k g`kg g ak akgyk gykb b bistk bistk ykg` ykg` bhfie bhfie-bh -bhfi fie. e. Ai Aiek ek thek thekc c mith`kbbkg mik`gosis doek cimktimosk, dkbk phdhribskkg rogt`hg puedo ckrus miekbubkg bkrhgk pkru - pkru dhrupkbkg thdpkt dhtkstksis phrtkdk ak`i ^]@. ^hdhri ^hd hribskk bskkg g cistoeo` cistoeo`is is dhdphre dhdphreickt icktbkg bkg pkmk doek doek bodpeht bodpeht timkb timkb thrmkpkt thrmkpkt lkrig`k lkrig`kg g jhtus, jht us, thrmkpkt thrmkpkt proeijh proeijhrksi rksi trojoaek trojoaekstib stib,, viei viei ykg` cimropi cimropib, b, shrtk shrtk brodosod brodosod =:,SS =:,SS ktku ktku =:,SY =:, SY.. Vh Vhak` ak`ki ki tk tkda dakc kckg kg pk pkmk mk doek doek bodpe bodpeht ht dhdp dhdphr hrei eickt cktbkg bkg phgig phgig`bk `bktk tkg g jkbt jkbtor  or   phrtudauckg, thrdksub f-dyf, hpimhrdke hp imhrdke `rowtc ` rowtc jkftor, mkg f-hra f-h ra A-1, miakgmig`bkg pkmk  pekshgtk ykg` gordke. ^kmk doek pkrsike pkrs ike thrmkpkt lkrig`kg lkrig` kg jhtus ahshrtk ah shrtk kdgiog mkg hritrosit jhtus.

 

MKJ]KQ ^XV]KBK

;. Kamueek Kamueekc. c. D.G. mbb. Doek Cimkti Cimktimosk mosk.. ^hmodkg ^hmodkg mik`gos mik`gosis is mkg thrkpi eka/upj. eka/upj. Bhaimkgk Bhaimkgkg g mkg phgykbit bkgmug`kg. Qsum mobthr sohtodo surkakyk. ;99=. Cke 18-13. 1. Kyurki,

1>>9.

Doek

Cimktimosk.

Mowgeokm

kt

11

shpthdahr

1>>9

jrod

<

cttp>9/>:/1:/doek-cimktimosk/ 6. Fugigg` Fugigg`ckd ckd.. J.@. J.@. mbb. ―Doek ―Doek Cimkti Cimktimosk mosk—— ^hgykbi ^hgykbitt ]rojoae ]rojoaekst kstib ib @hstksi @hstksiogke ogke Oasthtri Oasthtri Pieeikds. Hmisi 1;. Zoe 1. ^hghrait Aubu Bhmobthrkg. H@@ Lkbkrtk. 1>>:. Cke 96>-963. =. Miykc Dhttk Dhttk Gig`rud Gig`rud mkg Ovk Ovk Hdieik, Hdieik, 1>>3. Mik`gosis Mik`gosis Mkg Dkgklhdhg Dkgklhdhg Doek Doek Cimktimosk. Cimktimosk. Mowgeokm tkg``ke ;= shpthdahr 1>>9 mkri < cttp>3/>;/doekcimktimosk.ctde 8. Ckrgkwk Ckrgkwktik tikl, l, 1>>3. Ksbhp Ksbhp Doek Doek Cimktimosk Cimktimosk.. Mowgeokm Mowgeokm kt 1> shpthdahr shpthdahr 1>>9, kvkieka kvkiekaeh eh jrod< cttp>3/>8/;>/ksbhp-doek-cimktimosk/ :. Eisk Eisk H Doorh, Doorh, 1>>3. Cymkt Cymktimij imijord ord Doeh. Doeh. Mowgeokm Mowgeokm kt ;8 shpthdahr shpthdahr 1>>9 kvkiekae kvkiekaehh jrod< www.h-dhmifigh.fod 0. Dkgsl Dkgslohr ohr,, K. mbb. mbb. Doek Doek Ci Cimkt mktim imosk osk.. Bkpit Bkpitkk Vhehb Vhehbtk tk Bhmob Bhmobthr thrkg kg.. Jkbue Jkbuetk tkss Bhmob Bhmobth thrkg rkg Xgivhrsitks Igmoghsik. Lieim I. Dhmik Khsfuekpius. Lkbkrtk.1>>;. Cke 1:8-1:0 3. Dkrtkkm Dkrtkkmisoh isoharkt arktk. k. M, & Vudkprkl Vudkprklk, k, V. ^hgykbi ^hgykbitt Vhrtk Bhekigkg Bhekigkg ^ekshgtk ^ekshgtk & Vhekput Vhekput Lkgig. Lkgig. Iedu Bhaimkgkg. Ykykskg Aigk pustkbk VKQPOGO ^QKPIQOCKQMLO. Lkbkrtk.1>>1 Cke 6=;-6=3. 9. Dofc Dofctk tkr. r. Q. ^h ^hgy gykb kbit it ]r ]roj ojoa oaek eks. s. Vigo Vigops psis is Oast Oastht htri ri.. Liei Lieim m I. Hmis Hmisi1 i1.. ^h ^hgh ghra rait it Aubu Aubu Bhmobthrkg. HF@. Lkbkrtk. ;993. Cke. 163-1=6. :. ;>. ^rkwir ^rkwirockm ockmlo, lo, V. & Pibglos Pibgloskstr kstro, o, C. Doek Cimktimosk Cimktimosk.. Iedu Iedu Bkgmug`k Bkgmug`kg. g. Ykykskg Ykykskg Aigk Aigk ^ustkbk VKQPOGO ^QKPIQOCKMLO. Lkbkrtk. ;999. Cke . 1:1-1:= ;;. Qoss Qoss V. Ahrbo Ahrbowi witz, tz, D.M. D.M.,, kgm Mogke Mogkem m ^. @oems @oemsth thig, ig, D.M, D.M, 1>>9. 1>>9. Doek Doekrr ^rh`g ^rh`gkgf kgfy. y. Mowgeokmhm jrod www.ghld.or` og Vhpthdahr ;:, 1>>9 ;1. Vkstrkwigktk, Vkstrkwigktk, V.Q. Doek Cimktimosk. Cimktimosk. Oashthtri ^ktoeo`ib. ^ktoeo`ib. Ak`ikg Oasthtri mkg @ighboeo`i @ighboeo`i Jkbuetks Bhmobthrkg Xgivhrsitks ^kmlklkrkg. Hestkr Ojjsht. Akgmug`. ;93;. Cke63-=1.

 

YKYKVKG CKLI VOHCHIEY [KQI   VHBOEKC ]IG@@I IEDX BHVHCK]KG DHQKG@IG MI^EODK III BHAIMKGKG Leg.Akg`bo‖Bhrigfi Bd.: Bug`bki, Bhfkdktkg Akg`bo Bkaupkthg Dhrkg`ig hdkie.stibhs.dhrkg`igNykcoo.fod

DKGKLHDHG BHAIMKGKG ^KMK IAX CKDIE ]hdpkt prkbthb

< ^usbhsdks akg`bo

Gkdk Dkcksiswk

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 Godor DQ

<

Go.Kashg

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Bhthrkdpiekg bh

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Dksub QV.C/]`e/Lkd < ;;-;1-1>1;/>8.>> PIA

;. ^h ^hg` g`bk bkli likg kg m mkt ktk k ;. Imhgtitks

IV]QI

VXKDI

 Gkdk

< Gy. M

]g. K

Xdur

wia mhg`kg bheukckg phg`heukrkg

mkrkc akgykb shphrti kykd mi shrtki mhg`kg kmkgyk `hehdaug` shlkb tkg``ke ;; dhi 1>1; .

 

 a. Qiwkykt phrgibkckg Bkwi Bk wig;b g;bke kei, i,Bk Bkwi wig g ^h ^hrt rtkd kdkk Bkei Bkei Xdur Xdur 1> ]kcu ]kcug, g, Mhg`k Mhg`kg g sukdi sukdi shbkrkg` sumkc ; tkcug. f.Qiwkykt Ckim Dhgkrfchh Xdur;=tkcug, Dhgkrfc Xdur;=tkcug, Fyfeus13 Fyfeus13

ckri, C^C] < ;: ‖ >1 - 1>1;

]^ < 16-;;-1>1; ]hrk ]h rktu tur/ r/]i ]imk mkb, b, Vk Vkbi bit/ t/]i ]imk mkb, b, Ekdk Ekdkgy gykk

0 ck ckri ri,,

Vijk Vijktt Mkrk Mkrkc c <

Hgfhr/Ahbu, Aku< Jeour Keaus< timkb kmk m.Qiwkykt Oasthtri K> AKYI

^roshs

GIJKV

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^hrskeigkg/ Bhckdiekg

AA

Cimup

^hgmkrk

^hgyueit

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Ekig

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^hgoeog` ;; ;.K Igi

h. Bogt Bogtrk rksh shps psii ]hr ]hrkb kbci cir  r  

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6. Dhdahri Dhdahritkcu tkcu pkmk pkmk iau mkg bheukr` bheukr`kk akcwk iau iau kbkg miekbub miekbubkg kg tigmkbkg tigmkbkg  phdkskg`kg igjus shak`ki shak` ki phrtoeog`kg phrtkdk ugtub u gtub dhgstkaiebkg bhkmkkg iau. =. Dhdahritkcu Dhdahritkcu pkmk bheukr`k ktku sukdi thgtkg` bhckdiekg bhckdiekg doekcimktim doekcimktimosk osk doekcimkti mosk dhrupkbkg ckdie kg``ur ykitu phdahgtubkg kri krik ktku  pehshgtk ykg` timkb gordke go rdke skkt bhckdiekg. Ykitu pekshgtk ktku kri kri ykg` thrahgtub shphrti shbudpuekg kg``ur mkg ckrus mi bheukrbkg , mhg`kg burhtksh oehc mobthr.

;>

 

8.

Boek Boekaor aorksi ksi Mhg` Mhg`kg kg Mobt Mobthr hr V^O V^O@ @

;;

 

 

AKA III ^HGX]X^ ;.

bhsidpuekg

Doek Cimkti Cimktimosk mosk kmkekc kmkekc bhckdie bhckdiekg kg kagordk kagordkee midkgk midkgk sheuruc sheuruc vieei vieei borikeisgyk dhg`kekdi phruakckg cimrojoaib. Doek cimktimosk micuaug`bkg mhg`kg hmhdk vhsibuekr mkri viei bcorikeis pekshgtk mkg aikskgyk timkb mishrtki jhtus jht us ykg` igtkb. igtkb. Vhfkrk Vhfkrk cistoeo` cistoeo`is is thrmkpk thrmkpktt proeijhr proeijhrksi ksi trojoaek trojoaekst st mhg`kg mhg`kg  ahrak`ki tig`bktkg ciphrpeksik mkg mispeksik. Ziei bcorikeis thrisi fkirkg, dhdahg`bkb, mkg ckgyk thrmkpkt shmibit phdaueuc mkrkc. Doek cimktimosk thrak`i thr ak`i ktks 1 bkth`or bkth`ori. i. Ykbgi Ykbgi bodpeht bodpeht doek doek cimktim cimktimosk osk mkg pkrsike doek cimktimosk. Doek cimktimosk bodpeht timkb ahrisi lkrig`kg jhtus. 9> % aikskgyk thrmiri mkri bkriotiph =:,SS mkg ;>% =:,SY. Vhduk brodosod ahrkske mkri  pkthrgke. Ovud ykg` timkb ahrgubehus dhg`kekdi jhrtieisksi oehc sphrdk ckpeoim ykg` bhdumikg ahrmupeibksi shgmiri, ktku sktu theur miaukci oehc 1 sphrdk. ^kmk doek ykg` bodpeht, viei bcorikehs dhdieibi firi shphrti aukc kg`ur,mkg thrmkpkt tropoaekstib ciphrpeksik. 1.

Vkrkg

Bkdi dhgykmkri akcwk dkbkekc igi dksic lkuc mkri bhshdpurgkkg. Dkbk mkri itu Bkdi shak`ki phgueis skg`kt dhg`ckrkpbkg britib mkg skrkg mkri sheuruc pickb mhdi shdpurgkgyk dkbkekc igi mkg shak`ki phrakibkg mkekd  phdauktkg dkbkekc-dkbkekc ahributgyk.

;1

 

 

MKJ]KQ ^XV]KBK

Aoakb mbb. ;998. Bhphrkwktkg dkthrgitks. Lkbkrtk. ^hghrait aubu bhmobthrkg H@F Fuggig`ckd, J @kry kt kee. 1>>;. Pieeikd oasthtrif 1;tc hmitiog. Xgithm Vtkths oj Kdhrifk < tch df@rkw ciee fodpkgihs LG^BBQ-^O@I. 1>>8. Aubu Kfukg Gksiogke ^hekykgkg Bhshcktkg Dkthrgke mkg  Ghogktke. Lkbkrtk. YA^V^. Cke ;0=-;36 Vkijumig, K.A. 1>>;. Aubu Kfukg Gksiogke ^hekykgkg ^ hekykgkg Bhshcktkg Dkthrgke mkg Ghogktke. Lkbkrtk. YA^V^.

.

;6