Makalah Model Dan Nilai Dalam Promosi Kesehatan

 

BAIDL IFM M@LF@ IFLFB ^UABA[@ GD[DHFYFM I`fjugfm Tmtug Bdbdmuh` Yucfs Bftf Gul`fh ^rabas` Gdsdhftfm Iasdm ^dmcfbpu @eu Yut` Gfrwft`, [.[Y., B.Gds

I`susum aldh :

Iw` [dt`m`mcrub Uds` Murhfyft`

^UACUFB [YTI@ I@^LABF @@@ GDE@IFMFM ^ALYDGD[ PF^GD[E@ [TGFETB@ 5>60

 

GFYF ^DMCFMYFU 

[dcflf puj` efc` Fllfh [SY yfmc tdlfh bdbedr`gfm m`gbft sdrtf h`ifyfh Myf tdrutfbf m`gbft gdsdbpftfm ifm gdsdhftfm sdh`mccf pdmul`s ifpft bdmydldsf`gfm bfgflfh idmcfm juiul Baidl ifm M`lf` iflfb ^rabas` Gdsdhftfm yfmc i`fjugfm umtug tucfs bftf gul`fh “^rabas` Gdsdhftfm‒. ^dmul`s bdmcukfpgfm tdr`bf gfs`h gdpfif iasdm pdmcfbpu bftf gul`fh ^rabas` gdsdhftfm @eu Yut` Gfrwft`, [.[Y., B.Gds yfmc yfmc tdlfh bdbe`be`mc bdbe`be`mc gfb` iflfb pdmyusumfm bfgflfh `m`. Gfb` bdmyfifr` efhwf bfgflfh `m` bfs`h edlub sdbpurmf, aldh gfrdmf `tu gfb` bdmchfrfpgfm gr`t`g ifm sfrfm ifr` sdbuf p`hfg  idb` pdref`gfm pdbeuftfm bfgflfh sdlfmjutmyf. Fgh` Fg h`rm rmyf yf pd pdmu mul` l`ss

bdmy bdmyfi fifr fr``

ef efhw hwff ef efmy myfg fg td tdri rifp fpft ft gd gdgu gurf rfmc mcfm fm--

gdgurfmcfm iflfb pdmul`sfm bfgflfh `m`, bfgf ifr` `tu pdmul`s bdmchfrfpgfm gr`t`g gr` t`g ifm sfrfm sfrfm yfmc yfmc gamstru gamstrugt` gt`oo ifr` ifr` pdbe`b pdbe`be`m e`mc c ifm pfrf pfrf pdbefk pdbefkff idb` idb` gdsdbpurmffm bfgflfh.

[ugfeub`, Mavdbedr 5>60

^dmul`s

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IFOYFU @[@

GFYF ^DMCFMYFU.......................... ^DMCFMYFU................................................ ............................................................`` ......................................`` IFOYFU @[@........................................................... @[@............................................................................................. ......................................... .......``` ``` EFE @ ^DMIFHTLTFM 6.6 Lftfr Edlfgfmc....................... Edlfgfmc............................................. ............................................ .........................................6 ...................6 6.5 Yujufm................................... Yujufm......................................................... ............................................ .......................................... ....................5 5 EFE @@ ^DBEFHF[FM 5.6 ^dmcdrt`fm Baidl ifm ifm M`lf` M`lf` iflfb ^rabas` Gdsdhftfm....................... Gdsdhftfm............. ..........; ; 5.5 Jdm`s Baidl iflfb Gdc`ftfm ^rabas` Gdsdhftfm.................................9 Gdsdhftfm.................................9 F. Hdflth Edl`do Baidl..... Baidl.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............ ................. ................... ..............9 .....9 E. Yrfmstdar`t`kfl Baidl....................................... Baidl............................................................. ...............................? .........? K. Ydar` [defe Fg`eft....................................... Fg`eft.........................................................................3 ..................................3 I. [trdss ifm Kap`mc................................... Kap`mc........................................................................... ........................................8 8 EFE @@@ ^DMTYT^ ;.6 Gds`bpulfm...................................... Gds`bpulfm............................................................ .....................................................6> ...............................6> ;.5 [frfm........................................... [frfm................................................................. .......................................................... ....................................6> 6> IFOYFU ^T[YFGF.................................. ^T[YFGF........................................................ .....................................................66 ...............................66

```

 

EFE @ ^DMIFHTLTFM

6.6 6.6 Lftf Lftfrr Edlf Edlfgf gfmc mc Gdsdhftfm i`iflfb h`iup sdsdarfmc bdrupfgfm hfl yfmc pdmt`mc, mfbum

 efmyfg arfmc bfs`h edlub bdmyfifr` efhwf edc`tu pdmt`mcmyf gdsdhftfm i`iflf i`i flfb b gdh`iu gdh`iupfm pfmmyf myf.. Bfsyfr Bfsyfrfgf fgftt bdb`l` bdb`l`g` g` hfg i`iflf i`iflfb b bdbpdr bdbpdrald aldh h  pdlfyfmfm gdsdhftfm hfl `m` edrifsfrgfm umifmc-umifmc ifsfr 6094 yfmc tdrkfmtub i`iflfb pfsfl 58 fyft @. Tmtug `tu i`pdrlugfm suftu t`mifgfm yfmc hfrus i`fbe`l iflfb bdm`mcgftgfm bdm`mcgftgfm pdlfyfmfm pdlfyfmfm gdsdhftfm gdsdhftfm efc` bfsyfrfgft. Y`mifgfm yfmc pdrlu efc` bfsyfrfgft fiflfh sflfh sftumyf idmcfm prabas` gdsdhftfm. ^r ^rab abas as`` gd gdsdh sdhftf ftfm m yf yfmc mc fg fgfm fm i` i`ed edr` r`gf gfm m gd gdpf pfif if bfsy bfsyfr frfg fgft ft hf hfru russ bdb`l`g` pr`ms`p, bdtaid, bdi`f jucf strftdc` ifm fgfm i``mtdrvdms`gfm gdt`gf iflfb bdbedr`gfm pdlfyfmfm gdsdhftfm pfif bfsyfrgft.[dh`mccf prabas` gdsdhftfm yfmc i`edr`gfm gdpfif bfsyfrfgft ifpft i`bdmcdrt` bfsyfrfgft ifm i`tfbp`lgfm iflfb edmtug pdruefhfm pdr`lfgu bfsyfrfgft yfmc lde`h ef`g  iflfb pr`lfgu gdsdhftfm. Baidl fiflfh sdeufh cfbefrfm idsgr`pt`o ifr` sdeufh prfgt`g edrbutu yfmc bdwfg`l` sdsuftu hfl myftf. Baidl iflfb gde`ifmfm fiflfh fpl`gfs` strugtur gde`ifmfm yfmc bdbumcg`mgfm sdarfmc e`ifm umtug bdmdrfpgfmmyf sdefcf`` kfrf bdrdgf sdefcf bdrdgf edgdrj edgdrjf. f. M`lf` M`lf` fiflfh fiflfh gdyfg` gdyfg`mfm mfm sdsdarf sdsdarfmc mc tdmtfm tdmtfmc c sdsuftu yfmc edrhfrcf, gdedmfrfm, gdyfg`mfm bdmcdmf` `id-`id, aejdg, ftfu  pdr`lfgu. M`lf` euifyf fiflfh suftu yfmc i`fmccfp edrhfrcf ftfu gdyfg`mfm yfmc yfm c i`pdcf i`pdcfmc mc sdidb` sdidb`g`f g`fm m rupf rupf aldh aldh sdsdar sdsdarfmc fmc sdsuf` sdsuf` idmcfm idmcfm tumtum tumtumfm fm murfm`. M`lf`-m`lf` tdrsdeut i`jfi`gfm lfmifsfm, flfsfm, ifm bamt`vfs` iflfb  pdreuftfmmyf. Efmyfg baidl yfmc i`gdbefmcgfm ifpft bdbpdmcfruh` gdsdhftfm sdrtf bdbpdr bdb pdref` ef`g` g` `mtdrv `mtdrvdms dms`` pdmkdc pdmkdcfhf fhfm m ifm prabas prabas`` gdsdhft gdsdhftfm. fm. ^dmidg ^dmidgftfm ftfm baid ba idll gd gdsd sdhf hftf tfm m tdrfp tdrfpfm fm if ifpf pftt bdmj bdmjfi fi`` if ifsf sfrr um umtu tug g gd gdc` c`ft ftfm fm-gd -gdc` c`ft ftfm fm  prabas` gdsdhftfm sdpdrt` Hdflth Edl`do Baidl (HEB), ,Ydar` [defe Fg`eft, 6

 

Baidl Yrfmsfgs`amfl Yrfmsfgs`amfl [trds ifm Gap`mc, Yhdary ao Udfsamdi Udfsamdi Fkt`am (YUF), (YUF), sdrtf Hdflth O`dli Kamkdpt

6. 6.5 5 Yujuf ujufm m Yujufm ifr` pdbeuftfm bfgflfh `m` fiflfh:

6. Tmtug bdmcdtfhu` bdmcdtfhu` pdmcdrt pdmcdrt`fm `fm baidl baidl ifm m`lf` m`lf` iflfb prabas` prabas` gdsdhftfm gdsdhftfm 5. Tmtug bdmcdtfhu` bdmcdtfhu` Jdm`s baidl iflfb prabas` prabas` gdsdhftf gdsdhftfm m

5

 

EFE @@ ^DBEFHF[FM

5.6 ^dmcdrt` ^dmcdrt`fm fm Baidl Baidl Ifm M`lf` Iflfb ^rabas` ^rabas` Gdsdhft Gdsdhftfm fm F. Baidl Baidl iflfb iflfb prabas prabas`` gdsd gdsdhft hftfm fm

Ido` Id o`m` m`s` s` ^r ^rab abas as`` Gdsd Gdsdhf hftf tfm m (Hdfl (Hdflth th ^rab ^rabat at`a `am) m) if iflf lfb b `lbu `lbu Gdsdhftfm Bfsyfrfgft (^uel`k Hdfrt) bdbpumyf` iuf pdmcdrt`fm. 6.

^rabas ^ra bas`` gdsdhf gdsdhftfm tfm fiflfh fiflfh sdefc` sdefc`fm fm ifr` ifr` t`mcgf t`mcgftt gdsdhft gdsdhftfm fm iflfb iflfb gamtdgs `m` fiflfh pdm`mcgftfm gdsdhftfm.

5.

^ra raba bas` s`

gds dsdh dhft ftfm fm

i`fr i`frt` t`g gfm

sd sde efc fcf` f`

up upfy fyff

bdbfs dbfsfr frg gfm fm,,

bdmydefrgfm, bdmcdmflgfm, ftfu pdsfm gdsdhftfm ftfu upfyf-upfyf gdsdhftfm gdsdhf tfm sdh`mccf sdh`mccf bfsyfrfgft bdmdr`bf ftfu bdbedl` bdbedl` (iflfb frt` bdm dmdr dr`b `bff pr` r`lf lfg gu gdsd gdsdh hftfm ftfm)) ft ftfu fu bdm dmc cdm dmfl fl pds dsfm fm-p -pds dsfm fm gdsdhftfmtdrsdeut yfmc fgh`rmyf bfsyfrfgft bfu edrpr`lfgu h`iup sdhft.

Baidl Bai dl fiflfh fiflfh sdeufh sdeufh cfbefr cfbefrfm fm idsgr` idsgr`pt` pt`oo ifr` ifr` sdeufh sdeufh prfgt` prfgt`g  g   edrbutu yfmc bdwfg`l` sdsuftu hfl myftf. Baidl iflfb gde`ifmfm fiflfh fpl`gfs` strugtur gde`ifmfm yfmc bdbumcg`mgfm sdarfmc e`ifm umtug umt ug bdmdrfp bdmdrfpgfm gfmmy myff sdefcf sdefcf`` kfrf bdrdgf bdrdgf edgdrj edgdrjf. f. Baidl Baidl prfgt` prfgt`g  g  gde`ifmfm i`ifsfrgfm `s` ifr` tdar` ifm gamsdp prfgt`g. Ydar` ifm gamsdp bdmkdrb`mgfm o`lasao`, m`lf` ifm gdyfg`mfm tdmtfmc bfmus`f. Efmyfg baidl yfmc i`gdbefmcgfm ifpft bdbpdmcfruh` gdsdhftfm sdrtf sdr tf bdbp bdbpdre dref` f`g` g` `m `mtd tdrv rvdm dms` s` pd pdmk mkdc dcfh fhfm fm if ifm m pr prab abas as`` gd gdsdh sdhftf ftfm. m. ^dmidgftfm baidl gdsdhftfm tdrfpfm ifpft bdmjfi` ifsfr umtug gdc`ftfmgdc`ftfm

prabas`

(HEB (H EB), ),Yr Yrfm fmstd stdar ar`t `t`k `kfl fl

gdsdhftfm

sdpdrt`

Baid Baidll

(YYB (YYB), ),Yd Ydar ar``

Hdflth [def [defe e

Edl`do

Baidl

Fg`e Fg`eft ft,,

Baid Baidll

Yrfmsfgs`amfl [trds ifm Gap`mc, Yhdary ao Udfsamdi Fkt`am (YUF), sdrtf Hdflth O`dli Kamkdpt.  

;

 

E. M`lf` M`lf` iflfb iflfb prabas prabas`` gdsdh gdsdhftf ftfm m

 M`lf` fiflfh gdyfg`mfm sdsdarfmc tdmtfmc sdsuftu yfmc edrhfrcf, gdedmf gde dmfrfm rfm,, gdyfg` gdyfg`mfm mfm bdmcdm bdmcdmf` f` `id-`i `id-`id, d, aejdg, aejdg, ftfu ftfu pdr`lfg pdr`lfgu. u. M`lf` M`lf`  euifyf fiflfh suftu yfmc i`fmccfp edrhfrcf ftfu gdyfg`mfm yfmc i`pdcfmc sdidb`g`fm rupf aldh sdsdarfmc sdsuf` idmcfm tumtumfm murfm`.  M`lf`-m`lf` tdrsdeut i`jfi`gfm lfmifsfm, flfsfm, ifm bamt`vfs` iflfb  pdreuftfmyf.

5.5 Jdm`s Jdm`s Baidl Baidl Iflfb Gdc`ftf Gdc`ftfm m ^rabas` ^rabas` Gdsdhftf Gdsdhftfm m F. Baidl Baidl gdyfg`mf gdyfg`mfm m gdsdhf gdsdhftfm tfm (Hdflty (Hdflty Edl`o Edl`o Baidl) Baidl)

Baid Ba idll

Gdyf Gdyfg` g`mf mfm m

Gdsd Gdsdhf hftf tfm m

(Hdf (Hdflt lth h

Edl` Edl`oo

Baid Baidll-HE HEB) B)

i`gdbefmcgfm sdjfg 604> aldhm gdlabpag fhl` ps`galac` sas`fl iflfb  pdlfyfmfm gdsdhftfm bfsyfrfgft Fbdr`gf. Baidl `m` i`cumfgfm umtug  bdmjdlfsgfm gdcfcflfm pfrt`s`pfs` bfsyfrfgft sdkfrf lufs iflfb pracrfb  pdmkdcfhfm ftfu idtdgs` pdmyfg`t. Baidl `m` jucf sdr`mc i`pdrt`befmcgfm i`pdrt`befmcgfm sdef sdefcf cf``

gdrf gdrfmc mcgf gf utfb utfbff

 pdrt`befmcfm

pdr` pdr`lf lfgu gu

gd gdsd sdhf hftf tfm m

yf yfmc mc i` i`bu bulf lf``

tdmtfmc

gdsdhftfm.

[dlf`m

arfmc-arfmc

gdyfg` gdy fg`mfm mfm gdsdhf gdsdhftfm tfm  ededrfpf ofgtar

i`cumf i`cumfgfm gfm umtug umtug

pdmt`mc

`tu,

bdmc`i bdmc`idmt dmt`o`g `o`gfs` fs`

yfmc edrifbpfg tdrhfifp

if ifr` r` baidl

pr`ar` pr`ar`tfs tfs

pdmcfbe`lfm

gdputusfm sdkfrf rfs`amfl iflfb s`tufs` yfmc t`ifg bdmdmtu (Uasdmstakg, 600>). ^fif 6039, pdmi`i`gfm gdsdhftfm bdmkurfhgfm sdluruh pdrhft`fm tdrhfifp tdrhfi fp `su gdyfg`mfm gdyfg`mfm gdsdhftfm ifm pdr`lfgu gdsdhftfm `mi`v`iu. `mi`v`iu. @su tdrsdeutt bdrupfgfm tdrsdeu bdrupfgfm gds`bpulfm ifr` r`sdt gdyfg`mfm gdyfg`mfm gdsdhftfm iflfb bdbfhfb` bdbfh fb` flfsfm `mi`v`iu bdlfgugfm ftfu t`ifg bdlfgugfm t`mifgfm gdsdhftfm, gdsdhf tfm, edrgf`tfm idmcfm edrefcf` hueumcfm hueumcfm vfr`fs` yfmc lde`h lufs. @su tdrsdeut jucf bdbedr`gfm iugumc iugumcfm fm pdmt`mc ifr` Baidl Gdyfg`mfm Gdsdhftfm iflfb bdmjdlfsgfm pr`lfgu pdmkdcfhfm ifm rdspms tdrhfifp cdjflf ftfu i`fcmas`s pdmyfg`t. Baid Ba idll gd gdyf yfg` g`mf mfm m gd gdsdh sdhft ftfm fm bdru bdrupf pfgf gfm m baid baidll ga gacm cm`t `t`o `o yf yfmc mc i`cumfgfm umtug bdrfbflgfm pdr`lfgu pdm`mcgftfm gdsdhftfm. Bdmurut 9

 

Baidl Bai dl Gdyfg` Gdyfg`mfm mfm Gdsdhf Gdsdhftfm tfm,, t`mifg t`mifgfm fm pdmkdc pdmkdcfhf fhfm m yfmc yfmc bumcg` bumcg`m m i`lf i`lfgu gugf gfm m sdsda sdsdarf rfmc mc i`pd i`pdmc mcfr fruh uh`` sdkfrf sdkfrf lf lfmc mcsu sumc mc if ifr` r` hf hfs`l s`l iu iuff gdyfg`mfm gdyfg `mfm ftfu pdm`lf`fm pdm`lf`fm gdsdhftfm fmtfrf lf`m fmkfbfm yfmc i`rfsfgfm sdtfrf pdm`lf`fm tdrhfifp gdumtumcfm ifm gdruc`fm. Fkfbfm yfmc i`rfsfgfm ifr` sfg`t ftfu lugf (pdrkd`vdi thrdft ao  `mjury ar `llmdss) bdmcfku pfif sdjfuh bfmf sdsdarfmc edrp`g`r efhwf  pdmyfg`t ftfu rfsf sfgt edmfr-edmfr bdmcfmkfm i`r`myf. J`gf fmkfbfm bdm`mcgft, bfgf pdr`lfgu pdmkdcfhfm jucf fgfm bdm`mcgft. ^dm`lf`fm tdmtfmc fmkfbfm edrifsfr pfif gdrdmtfmfm (pdrkd`vdi vurmdrfe`l`t`y) ifm idrfjft gdpfrfhfm (pdrkd`vdi sdvdr`ty) yfmc i`rfsfgfm. @miu`iu bumcg`m ifpft bdmk`ptfgfm bfsflfh gdsdhftfmmyf sdmi`r` sdsuf` idmcfm gami`s`. @mi`v`iu bdmcdvflufs` gdsdr`usfm pdmyfg`t j`gf pdmyfg`t tdrsdeut bumkul fg`eft ulfh i`r`myf sdmi`r` ftfu pdmyfg`t sdmcfjf t`ifg i`tfmfcfm`. ^d ^drt rt`b `bef efmf mfcf cfm m fm fmtf tfrf rf gdum gdumtu tumc mcfm fm if ifm m gd gdru ruc` c`fm fm pd pdr` r`lf lfgu gu bdbdmc bdb dmcfru fruh` h` sdsdarf sdsdarfmc mc umtug umtug bdbutu bdbutusgf sgfm m bdlfgu bdlfgugfm gfm bdlfgu bdlfgugfm gfm t`mifg t`m ifgfm fm pdmkdc pdmkdcfhf fhfm m ftfu t`ifg. t`ifg. ^dtumj ^dtumjug ug edrpdr edrpdr`lf `lfgu gu yfmc yfmc i`sdeu i`sdeutt sdefcf sde fcf`` gdyfg` gdyfg`mfm mfm tdrhfi tdrhfifp fp pas`s` pas`s` yfmc yfmc bdmamj bdmamjal al (sfl`dm (sfl`dmtt pas`t` pas`t`am) am) i`iu i`iucf cf tdpft tdpft bdbu bdbulf lf`` pr pras asds ds pd pdrp rpdr` dr`lf lfgu gu.. Hfl Hfl `m `m`` ed edru rupf pf ed edre refc fcf` f` `moarb `mo arbfs` fs` ifr` ifr` lufr lufr ftfu ftfu mfs`hf mfs`hftt bdmcdm bdmcdmf` f` pdrbfs pdrbfsflfh flfhfm fm gdsdhft gdsdhftfm fm (b`sflm (b` sflmyf yf bdi`f bdi`f bfssf, bfssf, gfbpfm gfbpfmyd, yd, mfs`hf mfs`hftt arfmc arfmc lf`m, lf`m, pdmcfl pdmcflfbf fbfm m  pdmyfg`t ifr` fmccatf gdlufrcf yfmc lf`m ftfu tdbfm. tdbfm. Fmkfbfm ifm pdrt`befmcfm gdumtumcfm ifm gdruc`fm i`pdmcfruh` aldh edrefcf` vfr`fedl, yf`tu vfr`fedl idbacrfo` (ubur, jdm`s gdlfb`m, lftfr edlfgfmc edlfgfmc euifyf), euifyf), vfr`fedl vfr`fedl sas`aps`ga sas`aps`galac`s lac`s (gdpr`efif` (gdpr`efif`fm, fm, gdlfs, sa sas`f s`fl, l,

tdgf tdgfmf mfm m

sas` sas`fl) fl),i ,ifm fm

vf vfr` r`fe fedl dl

str strug ugtr truf ufll

(pdm (p dmcd cdtf tfhu hufm fm

if ifm m

 pdmcflfbfm sdedlubmyf). [defcf` kamtah, arfmc tuf ifm rdbfjf fgfm bdbfmifmc pdmyfg`t jfmtumc ftfu gfmgdr sdkfrf edredif. [`gfp arfmc su suif ifh h bdb` bdb`l`g l`g`` pd pdmc mcfl flfb fbfm fm if ifm m pd pdmy myfg fg`t `t tdrtd tdrtdmt mtu u fg fgfm fm ed edre redi diff i`efmi`mcgfm arfmc yfmc t`ifg bdb`l`g` pdmcflfbfm `m`.

4

 

E. Yrfmst Yrfmstdar dar`t` `t`kfl kfl Baidl Baidl (YYB) (YYB)

Baidl Bai dl trfmtda trfmtdart`k rt`kfl fl fiflfh fiflfh suftu suftu baidl baidl yfmc yfmc i`tdrfp i`tdrfpgfm gfm umtug  umtug  bdm`lf bdm `lf`` gds`fp gds`fpfm fm sdarfm sdarfmc c `mi`v` `mi`v`iu iu umtug umtug edrt`i edrt`ifg fg ftfs ftfs pdr`lf pdr`lfgu gu sdhft sdhft yf yfmc mc ef efru ru if ifm m bdbe bdbedr` dr`gf gfm m st strft rftdc dc`` ft ftfu fu pr pras asds ds pd pdru ruef efhf hfm m um umtu tug  g  bdbfmiu bdbfm iu sdt`fp `mi`v`iu bdlflu` tfhfpfm tfhfpfm pdruefhfm pdruefhfm umtug edrt`mifg  edrt`mifg  iflfb pdbdl`hfrffm gdsdhftfm. [djfrfh ifm `mt` Gamstrugs` Baidl Jfbds A.^rakhfstf A.^rakhfstf,, igg.(6033 igg.(6033)) bdmcdbefm bdmcdbefmcgfm cgfm YYB edrifsfrgfm edrifsfrgfm fmfl`s fmf l`s`s `s tdar` tdar` yfmc yfmc edredi edrediff ifr` ifr` ps`gat ps`gatdrfp drfp`. `. Baid Baid `m` tdri`r` tdri`r` ftfs 9 ofr`fedl, yf`tu prfsyfrft umtug tdrfp`, prasds pdruefhfm, `s` hfrus i`uefh ifm hueumc hueumcfm fm tdrfpdu tdrfpdut`g t`g.. Baidl Baidl `m` i`sdbp i`sdbpurm urmfgf fgfm m aldh aldh prakhf prakhfstf stf  edrifsfrgfm pdmdl`tfm yfmc bdrdgf puel`gfs`gfm iflfb pddr rdv`dw  jurmfl ifm eugumyf tdri`r` ftfs 4 gamstrugs` yf`tu tfhfpfm pruefhfm,  prasds-prasds pdruefhfm, gdsd`befmcfm putusfm, gdedrhfs`lfm i`r`, ifm caiffm ftfu pdrkaeffm. Baid Ba idll pdru pdruef efhf hfm m `m` `m` fifl fiflfh fh sd sdeu eufh fh pr pras asds ds yf yfmc mc bdl` bdl`ef eftg tgfm fm gdbfjufm bdlflu` dmfb tfhfp: 6.

^rdgam ^rdgamtdb tdbplf plfs` s` yf`tu yf`tu arfmc arfmc t`ifg t`ifg edrm`ft edrm`ft bdmcfb bdmcfbe`l e`l t`ifgf t`ifgfm m i`bfsf i`bfsf bdmiftfmc (e`fsfmyf i`ugur sdlfbf dmfb eulfm edt`gutmyf).

5.

Gamt Gamtdb dbpl plfs fs`` yf yf`t `tu u ar arfm fmc c ed edrm rm`f `ftt um umtu tug g ed edru ruef efh h if iflf lfb b dm dmfb fb eulfm eulfm bdmiftfmc

;.

^drs`fp ^drs`fpfm fm yf`tu yf`tu arfmc arfmc yfmc yfmc edrm`f edrm`ftt bdmcfbe bdmcfbe`l `l t`mifg t`mifgfm fm iflfb iflfb wfgtu wfgtu idgft, e`fsfmyf i`ugur sdefcf` eulfm edrgutmyf.

9.

Fgs` Fgs` yf`tu yf`tu af afmc mc tdlfh tdlfh bdbeuf bdbeuftt bai` bai`o` o`gf gfs` s` tdreug tdreugff tdrtd tdrtdmt mtu u if iflf lfb b cfyf h`iup bdrdgf iflfb dmfb eulfm tdrfgh`r.

4.

^dbdl` ^dbdl`hfrf hfrffm fm yf`tu yf`tu arfmc arfmc edrupfy edrupfyff bdmkdcf bdmkdcfh h tdrgfbeu tdrgfbeuhfm hfm,, tfhfp yfmc yfm c i`pdrg i`pdrg`rf `rfgfm gfm tdrfgh` tdrfgh`rr ifr` ifr` dmfb dmfb eulfm eulfm sfbpf` sfbpf` sdg`tfr sdg`tfr l`bf l`bf tfhum.

?.

^d ^dbu butu tusf sfm m yf`t yf`tu u `mi` `mi`v` v`iu iu t`if t`ifg g bdb` bdb`l` l`g` g` ca caif iffm fm if ifm m bdb` bdb`l` l`g` g` gdedrhfs`lfm gdedr hfs`lfm i`r`6>>%, i`r`6>>%, i`bfmf i`bfmf bdrdgf yfg`m t`ifg fgfm gdbefl` gdbefl`

?

 

 pfif gde`fsffm lfbf yfmc t`ifg sdhft bdrdgf sdefcf` kfrf umtug  bdmcftfs`. 3.

^ra rasd sdss pd pdruefhfm

^rasds pdruefhfm fiflfh gdc`ftfm rfhfs`f ifm tdreugf yfmc i`cumfgfm arfmc umtug bfju bdlflu` ededrfpf tfhfp: 6.

^ra rasd sdss gdsf gdsfif ifrf rfm m ifm do dofl flu ufs fs`` l`mc l`mcgu gumc mcfm fm gdbef dbefl` l`,, i`f `fm mtf tfrf rf  prdgamtdbplfs` ifm gatdbplfs.

5.

Dofluf Doflufs` s` i`r` i`r` gdbefl gdbefl`, `, i`fmtf i`fmtfrf rf gamtdb gamtdbplf plfs` s` ifm pdrs` pdrs`fpf fpfm. m.

;.

^dbe dbede deffsf sfm m

i`r` r`,,

i`fmtfrf

pdrs`f s`fpfm

ifm

t`mifgfm,

sf sfm mcft

i`tdgfmgfm. 9.

Fmtf Fmtfrf rf

t`m t`mifg ifgfm

ifm ifm

pdbd pdbdl` l`h hfr frff ffm m,

ga gamt mt`m `mc cdm dms` s`

bfm fmfj fjdb dbdm dm

bdbefm bdb efmtu tu hueumc hueumcfm fm kaumtd kaumtdrr kami`t kami`tam` am`mc mc ifm gamtra gamtrall st`bul st`bulus us i`tdgfmgfm K. Ydar Ydar`` [de [defe fe Fg`e Fg`eft ft

Ydar` Yda r` fiflfh fiflfh sdrfmcg sdrfmcgf`f f`fm m efc`fm efc`fm ftfu vfr`fe vfr`fedl, dl, ido`m` ido`m`s` s` ifm ifl`l ifl`l yf yfmc mc sf sfl` l`mc mc ed edrh rhue ueum umcf cfm m sdk sdkfrf frf ubub ubub tdar` tdar` bdru bdrupf pfgf gfm m fm fmfl fl`s` `s`ss hueumcfm fmtfrf ofgtf yfmc sftu idmcfm ofgtf yfmc lf`m pfif sdgubpulfm s dgubpulfm ofgtf. ofg tf. ^fif ^fif tdar` tdar` sdefe sdefe fg`eft, fg`eft, fpf yfmc i`flfb` i`flfb` bfmus` bfmus`ff pfst` pfst` fif  pdmydefemyf. ^dmcdtfhufm tdmtfmc sdefe fg`eft bfbpu bdmiaramc sdsdarf sdsd arfmc mc umtug umtug edrt`m edrt`mifg ifg hft`-hf hft`-hft` t` ifm oagus oagus tdrhfi tdrhfifp fp fg`eft fg`eft.. Ydar` Ydar` `lb`fh ifr` `lb`fh ifr` edrefc edrefcf` f` tdar` tdar` `lb`fh `lb`fh ifr` ifr` edefcf edefcf`` lfpfmc lfpfmcfm fm `lbu `lbu sdkfrf sdkfrf ubub ub ub sf sfmc mcft ft ed edrc rcfm fmtu tumc mc pf pfif if hu hugu gub b sdefe sdefe fg fg`e `eft ft (g (gfu futf tfl` l`tfs tfs). ). Gfutfl`tfs tdrgf`t drft idmcfm pr`ms`p-pr`ms`p sdefcf` edr`gut. 6.

^r`ms` ^r`ms`p p pdrtfbf pdrtfbf : pdr`ms` pdr`ms`p p gfusfl`t gfusfl`tfs fs bdmcfs`s bdmcfs`skfy kfyfgf fgfm m sdt`fp sdt`fp gami`s` gami`s` (fg`eft) pfst` bdbpumyf` sdefe.

5.

^r ^r`m `ms`p s`p gdiuf gdiuf : bdmj bdmjdlf dlfsg sgfm fm efhwf efhwf fg fg`e `eft ft t`ifg t`ifg bumc bumcg` g`m m td tdrp rp`s `sfh fh ifr` sdefe 7 j`gf fif sdefe bfgf fif fg`eft ifm edc`tu sdefl`gmyf.

;.

^r ^r`m `ms`p s`p gdt` gdt`cf cf : hu hugu gub b gd gdsdl sdlfr frfsf fsfm m fm fmtf tfrf rf sdefe sdefe if ifm m fg fg`e `eft ft yfmc yfmc bdmcfm bdm cfm`skf `skfyfg yfgfm fm sdt`fp sdt`fp h`bpum h`bpumfm fm sdkfrf sdkfrf dsdms` dsdms`fl fl hfrus hfrus sdlfrfs sdlfrfs idmcfm sdefe ifm fg`eft i` flfb.

3

 

Ydar` sdefe fg`eft iflfb prabas` gdsdhftfm tdmtumyf fgfm bdmjfi` ldlfs ldlfs gdt`gf gdt`gf bdbfhf bdbfhfb` b` hugub hugub sdefe sdefe fg`eft fg`eft tdrsdeu tdrsdeut. t. Fpl`gf Fpl`gfs` s` sdefe sdefe fg`eft fg` eft iflfb iflfb prabas prabas`` gdsdhf gdsdhftfm tfm bdbedr bdbedr`` pdmdgf pdmdgfmfm mfm pfif pfif pdtucf pdtucfss gdsdhftfm efhwf suftu pdmyfg`t yfmc tdrjfi` pfst` fif pdmydefemyf. I. Baidl Baidl Yrfm Yrfmsfg sfgs`a s`amfl mfl [tr [trds ds ifm ifm Gap`mc Gap`mc

[trds fiflfh suftu gami`s` ftfu gdfiffm tueuh yfmc tdrcfmccu gfrdmf tdgfmfm tdgfm fm ps`galac`. ps`galac`. E`fsfmyf strds i`gf`tgfm i`gf`tgfm eugfm gfrdmf pdmyfg`t pdmyfg`t o`s`g  tdtfp lde`h bdmcdmf` gdj`wffm. gdj`wffm. Efmyfg hfl yfmc bdb`ku strds, sdpdrt` : rfsf ghwft` ghwft`r, r, gdsfl, gdsfl, gldt`h gldt`hfm, fm, orustfs orustfs`, `, pdrfsff pdrfsffm m tdrtdg tdrtdgfm, fm, gdsdi`h gdsdi`hfm, fm,  pdgdrjffm yfmc edrlde`hfm, s`mirab prdbdmstrufs` (^B[), oagus yfmc  edrldehfm pfif suftu hfl, pdrfsffm e`mcumc, edriugf k`tf ifm jucf rfsf tfgut. [trdsar fiflfh gdfiffm yfmc i`fg`eftgfm aldh l`mcgumcfm `mtdrmfl ftfu ftfu dg dgst stdrm drmfl fl sdh`m sdh`mcc ccff bdbd bdbdmc mcfr fruh uh`` t`mi t`mifg fgfm fm gd gdsdj sdjfh fhtd tdrff rffm m if ifm m bdbeutuhgfm gdsdhftfm o`s`g bfupum ps`galac`s umtug bdmcdbefl`gfm gdsd`befmc gdsd`b efmcfm fm (Lfzfrus (Lfzfrus & Kahdm, Kahdm, 6033). 6033). I`fwfl 60?>-fm ifm 603>-fm, 603>-fm, strds i`fmccfp i`fmccfp sdefcf` sdefcf` odmabdmf odmabdmf trfmsfgs`am trfmsfgs`amfl fl st`bulus st`bulus gd pdrsdptar. pdrsdptar. Gap`mc Gap `mc (gdbfh (gdbfh`rfm `rfm edrtfh edrtfhfm) fm) fiflfh fiflfh bdmstfe bdmstfe`lg `lgfm fm ofgtar ofgtar yfmc yfmc ifpft ifpft bdbefmtu bdbef mtu `mi`v`iu `mi`v`iu bdbprtfhfmg bdbprtfhfmgfm fm fifptfs` fifptfs` ps`gasas`fl ps`gasas`fl sdlfbf pdraid pdraid bdmdcf bdm dcfmcg mcgfm. fm. Fif iu iuff kfrf bdmchf bdmchfifp ifp`` strds. strds. Kfrf Kfrf pdrtfb pdrtfbff fiflfh fiflfh rdspam edroag rdspam edroagus us pfif pfif bfsflfh bfsflfh yf`tu yf`tu rdsoam rdsoam i`frfh i`frfhgfm gfm pfif pfif pdr`st` pdr`st`wf wf dgstdrmfl. dgstdrm fl. [trds i`h`lfmcgfm i`h`lfmcgfm ftfu i`gurfmc` idmcfm bdbdkfhgfm ftfu bmdcdmifl`gfm bfsflfh. Kfrf gdiuf fiflfh rdspam edroagus pfif dbas` yf yf`t `tu u rd rdsoa soam m i`frf i`frfhg hgfm fm pf pfif if rdfgs rdfgs`` dbas dbas`a `amf mfll if ifr` r` pd pdr` r`st` st`wf wf if ifm m kdmidr kdm idrumc umc i`cumf i`cumfgfm gfm umtug umtug bdmfmc bdmfmcfm` fm` bfsflf bfsflfh-b h-bfsfl fsflfh fh yfmc yfmc t`ifg  t`ifg  tdrgdmifl`. Baidl trfmsfgs`amfl ifr` strds ifm gap`mc fiflfh suftu gdrfmcgf gdrjf umtug bdmcdvfluf bdmcdvflufs` s` prasds prasds bdmcftfs` bdmcftfs` pdr`st`wf pdr`st`wf strds. ^dmcflfbfm str strds ds i`tf i`tfos` os`rg rgfm fm sd sdef efcf cf``

tr trfm fmsfg sfgs` s` ar arfm fmc c id idmc mcfm fm l`mc l`mcgu gumc mcfm fmmy myf. f.

Yrfmsfgs` `m` edrcfmtumc pfif ifbpfg ifr` strdsar dgstdrmfl. Hfl `m`

8

 

i`bdi`fs` aldh pdm`lf`fm pdrtfbf arfmc tdmtfmc strdasar ifm pdm`lf`fm gdiu gdiuff pfif pfif su sube bedr dr ifyf ifyf sas` sas`fl fl ft ftfu fu euif euifyf yf sd sdg` g`tf tfrm rmyf yf.. Gdt` Gdt`gf gf  edrhfifpfm idmcfm strdsar, sdsdarfmc bdmcdvflufs patdms` fmkfbfm ftfu i`sdeutt idmcfm i`sdeu idmcfm pdm`lf` pdm`lf`fm fm pr`bdr pr`bdr,, yf`tu yf`tu pdm`lf pdm`lf`fm `fm sdsdarf sdsdarfmc mc tdmtfm tdmtfmc c bfgmf ifr` suftu pdr`st`wf sdefcf` strds, pas`t`o, tdrgdmifl`, tdrgdmifl`, bdmfmtfmc, bdmfmtfmc, ftfu t`ifg rdldvfm. ^dm`lf`fm gdiuf bdmchfifp` strdsar fiflfh dvflufs`  pdmcdmiflfm

strdsar

ifm

subedr

ifyf

yfmc

i`b`l`g`

umtug 

bdmchfifpmyf. [defcf` kamta, pdm`lf`fm subedr ifyf bfsyfrfgft iflfb bdmcftfs` ifm bdbeuft sdeufh p`l`hfm sdpdrt` fpf yfmc ifpft i`lfgugfm tdmtfmc s`tufs` yfmc tdrjfi` (kahdm, 6089). Cldmz,igg.

(5 (5> >>5)

bdlfg fgu ugfm

survd`,

dgspd spdr`b r`bdm,

ifm

guds`dgspdr` guds`d gspdr`bdm bdm tdrhfifp tdrhfifp tdgm`g tdgm`g tdrfp` e`aoddiefkg, e`aoddiefkg, rdlfgsfs`, rdlfgsfs`, ifm k`trf v`sufl umtug bdbpdrguft tdar`myf yfmc bdmcdbefmcgfm gdsfifrfm ifm gamtra gam trall tfmccf tfmccfpfm pfm pfif pfif str strds. ds. E`aodd E`aoddief iefkg kg fiflfh fiflfh sflfh sflfh sftu tdgm`g  tdgm`g  bdmcurfmc` strds ifm gdtdcfmcfm iflfb bmfmccfp` s`tufs` sdhfr`-hfr`. Ydgm`g Ydg m`g rdlfgs rdlfgsfs` fs` bdmccu bdmccumfg mfgfm fm st`bulu st`buluss bdmtfl bdmtfl yfmc yfmc gamstfm gamstfm,, s`gfp s`gfp  pfs`o, ifm l`mcgumcfm yfmc tdmfmc. Ydgm`g rdlfgsfs` yfmc ubub i`cumfgfm fiflfh rdlfgsfs` pdlft`hfm, h`pmas`s, ifm yacf. _`sufl k`trf fiflfh tdgm`g yfmc i`cumfgfm umtug bdm`mcgftgfm sufsfm hft` sdsdarfmc ifm

bdm`mcgftgfm

gdtd dtdrfbp`lf lfm m

gap`mc,

b`sf sfllmyf

idmcfm

bdbv`s bdb v`sufl ufl`sfs `sfs`gf `gfm m pdrtfh pdrtfhfmf fmfm m fmt`ea fmt`eai` i` bdmchf bdmchfmku mkurgf rgfm m sdl tubar. tubar. Fpl`gfs` Baidl Yrfmsfgs`amfl ifr` [trds ifm Gap`mc Fpl`gfs` `m` edcumf umtug prabas` gdsdhftfm ifm pdmkdcfhfm pdmyfg`t. ^dmcfruh strds pfif arfmc t`ifg sdbuf sfbf. [trds ifpft bdmydefegfm pdmyfg`t pdmcflfbfm mdcft` mdc ft`o. o. Ofgtar Ofgtar pdmt`m pdmt`mc c iflfb iflfb bdmcft bdmcftfs` fs` strds strds fiflfh fiflfh fpfgfh fpfgfh hfl `tu bdbdmc bdb dmcfru fruh` h` ifm efcf`b efcf`bfmf fmf arfmc arfmc bdmkfr bdmkfr`mp `mpdrfw drfwftfm ftfm bdi`s bdi`s ftfu ftfu iugumcfm sas`fl pfif arfmc praods`amfl. Tmtug bdmcftfs` strds, strftdc` bfsflfh bfs flfh edroag edroagus us gap`mc gap`mc,, dbas` dbas` yfmc yfmc edroag edroagus us gap`mc gap`mc,, ifm bfgmf bfgmf  edrefs`s gap`mc ifpft i`cumfgfm sdefe pdmdl`t`fm yfmc bdbofs`l`tfs` ftfu bdmchfbeft prfgt`g-prfgt`g cfyf h`iup (Clfmz,igg,5>>5).

0

 

EFE @@@ ^DMTYT^

;. ;.6 6 Gds` Gds`bp bpul ulfm fm Baidl fiflfh sdeufh cfbefrfm idsgr`pt`o ifr` sdeufh prfgt`g edrbutu

yfmc bdwfg`l` sdsuftu hfl myftf. Baidl iflfb gde`ifmfm fiflfh fpl`gfs` strugtur gde`ifmfm yfmc bdbumcg`mgfm sdarfmc e`ifm umtug bdmdrfpgfmmyf sdefcf` kfrf bdrdgf edgdrjf. Baidl prfgt`g gde`ifmfm i`ifsfrgfm `s` ifr` tdar` ifm gamsdp gamsdp prfgt`g. prfgt`g. Ydar` ifm gamsdp bdmkdrb`mgfm bdmkdrb`mgfm o`lasao`, m`lf` ifm gdyfg`mfm tdmtfmc bfmus`f.  M`lf` fiflfh gdyfg`mfm sdsdarfmc tdmtfmc sdsuftu yfmc edrhfrcf, gdedmfrfm, gdyfg`mfm bdmcdmf` `id-`id, aejdg, ftfu pdr`lfgu. M`lf` euifyf fi fiflf flfh h suft suftu u yf yfmc mc i`fm i`fmcc ccfp fp ed edrh rhfr frcf cf ftfu ftfu gd gdyf yfg` g`mf mfm m yf yfmc mc i` i`pd pdcf cfmc mc sdidb`g`fm rupf aldh sdsdarfmc sdsuf` idmcfm tumtumfm murfm`. M`lf`-m`lf` tdrsdeut i`jfi`gfm lfmifsfm, flfsfm, ifm bamt`vfs` iflfb pdreuftfmyf. Gdc`ft Gdc `ftfmfm-gdc gdc`ftf `ftfm m prabas prabas`` gdsdhf gdsdhftfm tfm sdpdrt sdpdrt`` Hdflth Hdflth Edl`do Edl`do Baidl Baidl (HEB (H EB), ),Yr Yrfm fmst stda dar` r`t` t`kf kfll

Baid Baidll

(Y (YYB YB), ),Yd Ydar ar``

[d [def efe e

Fg`e Fg`eft ft,,

Baid Baidll

Yrfmsfgs`amfl [trds ifm Gap`mc, Yhdary ao Udfsamdi Fkt`am (YUF), sdrtf Hdflth O`dli Kamkdpt.

;.5 [frfm

Ydmfcf gdsdhftfm ifm `mstfms` pdbdr`mtfh yfmc edrcdrfg iflfb e`ifmc gd gdsdh sdhft ftfm fm i`hf i`hfrf rfpg pgfm fm if ifpf pftt bdm` bdm`mc mcgf gftg tgfm fm gd gdc` c`ft ftfm fm-gd -gdc` c`ft ftfm fm pr prab abas as`` gd gdsdh sdhft ftfm fm,, ef ef`g `g pf pfif if fm fmfg fg-fm -fmfg fg ftfu ftfupu pum m bfsy bfsyfr frfg fgft ft id idwf wfsf. sf. ^rab ^rabas as`` gdsdhftfm yfmc i`sdldmccfrfgfm bdrupfgfm suftu edmtug t`mifgfm prdvdbt`o  ifr` suftu pdmyfg`t sdh`mccf fmcgf gdjfi`fm pdmyfg`t ifpft bdmurum ifm gdsfif gds fifrfm rfm bfsyfr bfsyfrfgf fgftt fgfm fgfm pdmt`m pdmt`mcmy cmyff suftu suftu prabas prabas`` gd gdsdhf sdhftfm tfm ifpft ifpft bdm`mcgft.

6>

 

IFOYFU ^T[YFGF

Eugu Eug u prabas prabas`` gdsdhf gdsdhftfm tfm umtug umtug gde`if gde`ifmfm mfm.. 5>>0. 5>>0. ^dmdre ^dmdre`t `t : trfms trfms `moabd `moabdi`f i`f,, Jfgfrtf, Hflfbfm ;3-99 I`fm, Fyue`. 5>6>. Gamsdp ^rabas` Gdsdhftfm. Idpfrtdbdm ^rabas` Gdsdhftfm ifm @lbu ^dr`lfgu OGB T@. Dvfms,, igg. 5>66. Hdflth ^rabat`am Dvfms ^rabat`am fmi ^uel`k ^uel`k Hdflth oar Murs`mc Murs`mc [tuidmts. [tuidmts. Dxdtdr Crdft Er`tf`m. Ldfrm`mc Bfttdrs Lti. Bfulfmf, Hdrry. 5>>3. ^rabas` Gdsdhftfm. Jfgfrtf : DCK  Mataftbaija, [adg`ija. 5>>;. ^dmi`i`gfm ifm ^r`lfgu Gdsdhftfm. Jfgfrtf: U`mdgf K`ptf.  Mataftbaija, [adg`ija. 5>>3. ^rabas` Gdsdhftfm ifm @lbu ^dr`lfgu. Jfgfrtf: U`mdgf K`ptf.

66