Makalah Metodik Khusus

 

KENEAE@ KB\ILFN N@R]R] (Srentfn Sbkjbaehered Nafdfn)

Lfsusudiab` 8 Veyu Raedlerf S3?5: jbrgin jbrginus us pele espbn  espbn  uteke led pbdtfdo lerf nikudfnesf.

:. Nikudfn Nikudfnesf esf Bgbn Bgbntfg tfg Leaek Leaek Jfkj Jfkjfdoe fdoed d Nafdfn  Nafdfn 

@ujudoed tbrepbutfn edtere tbdeoe nbsb`eted lbdoed nafbd tbae` lfpbaeherf led `erus `er us lftb lftbre repne pned d pe pele le se seet et prent prentbn bn nafd nafdfn fn,, se seye yedod dodye ye pb pbsb sbrt rtee lf lflf lfn n he here redo do sb sbne neaf af kbresened `ujudoed yedo tbrepbutfn lbdoed pbkjfkjfdo weaeupud prfdsfp yedo seke lepet lfoudened. Hfne pbkjfkjfdo jbrpbred sbjeoef ‑Ziab Kilba‛ lbdoed kbaenuned nikudfnesf tbrjune led huhur, seafdo pbrmeye, kbdlirido pbsbrte lflfn kbdoudonepned gfnfred, pbreseed, kudonfd pbsbrte lflfn ened abjf` mbpet jbaeher `ujudoed tbrepbutfn  yedo lepet lftbrepned pele nafbd. Nidgafn lbdoed pbkjfkjfdo yedo sbrfdo kbdfkjuaned edsfbtes eleae` nikbdter  yedo kbdo`fde / kbdobmfaned / kbdobhbn, nuredo ukped jeafn, led pbkjfkjfdo yedo edsfbtes. ]ftuesf aefd yedo lepet kbdfkjuaned edsfbtes eleae` pele seet kuaef kesun  nafdfn. ]ftuesf yedo kbkgesfaftesf prisbs pbkjbaehered nafdfn eleae` nbsfeped pbsbrte lflf lflfn n led led pb pbkj kjfk fkjf jfdo do nafd nafdfn fn ye yedo do kbkj kbkjbr brfn fned ed lu lunu nudo doed ed bkis bkisfi fide deaa lb lbdo doed ed kbdmfp kbd mfpten tened ed suesed suesedee yedo nidlus nidlusfg fg led tflen tflen kbdoedm kbdoedmek. ek. Jbjbre Jbjbrepe pe nerent nerentbfs bfstfn  tfn 

56

 

 pbkjfkjfdo yedo lf`erepned eleae`> `ukir, rbspbmt (kbkpbr`etfned led kbdo`eroef), led edtusfes. Mera Ziobrs, kbdobkunened `ujudoed pbkjfkjfdo nafdfn ” pbsbrte lflfn eleae` `ujudoed seafdo kbkjedtu (`bapfdo rbaetfids`fp) lfkede setu pf`en sbaeau kbkjedtu  pbrtukju`ed, pbrnbkjedoed, nbketedoed, pbdfdoneted gudosf, pbdfdoneted nipfdo lerf  pf`en yedo aefddye. Sbkjfkjfdo led pbsbrte lflfn seke-seke jbaeher. Sbsbrte lflfn pbrau kbresened sunsbs ened nbrhe led upeyedye. Sbkjfkjfdo pbrau kbaenun kba enuned ed pbdlbnet pbdlbneted ed yedo pisft pisftfg fg lbdoed lbdoed kbkjbr kbkjbrfne fned d ‑rbfdg ‑rbfdgirm irmbkb bkbdt‛ dt‛ tbr tbr`el `elep ep nbjbr`esfaed pbsbrte lflfn, kbkjbrfned fdgirkesf led ere`ed tbr`elep `ea yedo jbauk tbpe tbpet. t. Sbkjf Sbkjfkj kjfd fdo o nafd nafdfn fn ye yedo do tflen tflen su suppi ppirt rtfg fg kbkj kbkjbr brff le lekp kpen en jb jbse serr tb tbr` r`el elep ep nbkekpued jbaeher pbsbrte lflfn yedo lfsbjejned nbmbkesed. =. Sbdo Sbdobrt brtfed fed Sbrf Sbrfaen aenu u Esbr Esbrtfg  tfg 

Ginuss sbdtr Ginu sbdtrea ea steg steg pbdoeh pbdoeher er / pbkjfk pbkjfkjfd jfdo o eleae` eleae` kbdobk kbdobkjedo jedoned ned `ujudoe `ujudoed, d, kbdmfptened kbdmfp tened afdonudoed yedo nidlusfg nidlusfg eoer sbag kitfvesf, kitfvesf, nbketedoed nbprfjelfed nbprfjelfed led  pbkjbaehered yedo jbrkende lerf pbsbrte lflfn lepet tbrmepef. Esbrtfg jbresea lerf nete ti essbrt yedo jbrertf kbdyetened pbdlepet lbdoed tboes. Hisbp` _iapb kbdlbgfdfsfned kbdlbgfdfsfned tfdone` tfdone` aenu esbrtfvftes esbrtfvftes sbjeoef tfdone` tfdone` aenu yedo pbdu` nbyenfded lfrf yedo abjf` kbrupened pbrdyeteed yedo tbpet lerf sbtfep bkisf lerfpele nbmbkesed tbr`elep iredo aefd. Kbdurut Kbdu rut Aezeru Aezeruss tfdone` tfdone` aenu aenu esbrtf esbrtfgg eleae` eleae` suetu suetu tfdone tfdone` ` aenu aenu yedo pbdu` pbdu` nbtboesed yedo tfkjua nerbde eledye nbjbjesed bkisf lerf sbtfep use`e udtun kbkjbae `en-`endye sbrte eledye nbeleed bgbntfg yedo kbdlunudo, kbafputf 8 e. Kbdo Kbdobt bte`u e`uff `en-` `en-`en en pr prfj fjel elf. f.  j. Jbrjuet sbsuetu udtun kbdlepetned `en tbrsbjut. m. Kbaenuned Kbaenuned `ea `ea tbrsbjut tbrsbjut sbjeoef use`e udtun kbdmepef kbdmepef nbjbjesed nbjbjesed..

:3

 

Sb Sbrf rfae aenu nu es esbr brtf tfgg kbru kbrupen pened ed nb nbke kekp kpue ued d sb sbsb sbir iredo edo nb nbke kekp kpue ued d sb sbsb sbir ired edo o kbdyetened lfrf, pedledoed-pedledoed leaek lfrfdye, nbfdofded led pbreseeddye sbmere aedosudo, aedosu do, spidted, jbjes led huhur tedpe kbruofned kbruofned lfrf sbdlfrf sbdlfrf led kbaedooer `en-`en  iredo aefd. ]bsbiredo yedo jbrpbrfaenu esbrtfg kekpu kbdo`eroef `en lfrf sbdlfrf led iredo aefd aefd,, jbrsf jbrsfne nep p en entf tfgg leaek leaek nb`fl nb`flupe upedd ddye ye ud udtu tun n kbdm kbdmep epef ef ep epee ye yedo do lf lffd fdof ofdne dned. d. Gbdstbr`bfk Gbdstb r`bfk led Jebr kbdoudonepned kbdoudonepned jbjbrepe jbjbrepe neretbrfs neretbrfstfn tfn fdlfvflu fdlfvflu yedo kbkfafnf  pbrfaenu esbrtfg yedo tfdoof, edtere aefd 8 e. Kbrese Kbrese jbjes jbjes udtun udtun kbdek kbdekpfa pfaned ned lfrfd lfrfdye. ye.  j. Lepet jbrnikudfnesf lbdoed jefn sbmere tbrjune, aedosudo, huhur, led tbpet.

m. Kbkfafnf Kbkfafnf irfbdte irfbdtesf sf entfg entfg leaek leaek nb`fluped nb`fluped udtun udtun kbdmepef kbdmepef epe yedo yedo lffdofdned lffdofdned.. e. Lbgfdf Lbgfdfsf sf Sbrfae Sbrfaenu nu Esbrtf Esbrtfgg Kbdurut Kbdurut Jbjbre Jbjbrepe pe E`af E`af Kbdurut Zfdf (:336) esbrtfvftes eleae` suetu nbkekpued udtun kbdonikudfnesfned epe yedo lffdofdned, lfresened, led lfpfnfrned nbpele iredo aefd dekud tbtep kbdheoe led kbdo`eroef `en-`en sbrte pbreseed iredo aefd. Lftekje`ned puae iab` _faafs led Lefsaby (5662), pbrfaenu esbrtfg eleae` pbrfaenu yedo kbdudhunned pbdo`eroeed tbr`elep lfrf sbdlfrf led iredo aefd.

Zet`us led Dbvfl (560=), esbrtfg eleae` tfdone` aenu yedo kbdekpfaned nbjbredfed udtun sbmere huhur led tbrjune kbdyetened nbjutu`ed, pbreseed, led pfnfred-pfnfred epe eledye, kbkpbrte`edned `en-`en prfjelf, sbrte kbdiaen pbrkfdteed-pbrkfdteed yedo tfle tflen n kesu kesun n en enea ea le lerf rf gfou gfourr itir itirft ftes es le led d st sted edle lerr-st sted edler ler ye yedo do jb jbra raen enu u pele pele su suet etu u nbaikpin. ]bledoned kbdurut Eajbrtf led Bkkids (:33:) pbrfaenu esbrtfg eleae` pbrfaenu yedo kbkjue kbkjuett sbsbir sbsbiredo edo lepet lepet jbrtfd jbrtfdlen len lbkf lbkf nbjefne nbjefned d lfrfdy lfrfdye, e, kbkpbr kbkpbrte`e te`edne dned d `endye tedpe mbkes, kbdobnsprbsfned pbreseed sbmere dyeked, led kbdheaedned `endye tedpe kbaedooer iredo aefd.

:5

 

Lepet lfsfkpuaned pbrfaenu esbrtfg eleae` pbrfaenu sbsbsiredo leaek `ujudoed edter   prfjelf yedo kbdyedonut, bkisf, pbreseed, pfnfred sbrte nbfdofded led nbjutu`ed sbmere tbrjune, tboes led huhur tedpe pbreseed mbkes eteu tboedo tbr`elep iredo aefd, tedpe kbruofned lfrf sbdlfrf led iredo aefd. Jbjbrepe mfrf lerf fdlfvflu yedo kbkfafnf esbrtfvftes kbdurut Aedob led Henujiwsnf (56?0) eleae` sbjeoef jbrfnut8 5) Kbku Kbkuae aeff fdtb fdtbre rens nsff :) Kbdiae Kbdiaen n pbrkfd pbrkfdtee teed d yedo tflen tflen aeyen  aeyen  =) Kbdobnsprbs Kbdobnsprbsfned fned nbtflensbt nbtflensbtuhued uhued led nbtflensbded nbtflensbdedoed oed nbtfoe eleae` esbrtfg pbrkfdteed, pbrkfdteed, yeftu yeftu esbrtfg esbrtfg yedo tbrhelf tbrhelf neaeu sbsbiredo sbsbiredo kbkfdte kbkfdte ired iredo o ae aefd fd kbae kbaenu nuned ned sb sbsu suet etu u ye yedo do kbku kbkudo donf nfdn dned ed nbjut nbjutu` u`ed ed et eteu eu tu tuhu hued ed sbsb sbsbir iredo edo tb tbrm rmepe epeff te tedpe dpe tb tbne neded ded et eteu eu pe pens nsee eed. d. ]baef ]baefd d nbtfo nbtfoee `ea tb tbrs rsbju bjut, t, nbkere nbk ere`ed `ed huoe huoe tbrkes tbrkesun un seae` seae` setu setu netboir netboirff esbrtf esbrtfg. g. Leaek Leaek kere`, kere`, iredo iredo kbdyetened nbhbdonbaed, nbtflen puesed eteu nbtflen sbsuefed edtere yedo fe `erepned lbdoed nbdyeteed yedo fe tbrfke. =) Gbdstbr`bf Gbdstbr`bfk k led Jebr, (5603) (5603) jbrpbdlepe jbrpbdlepett sbsiredo sbsiredo lfnetened lfnetened kbkpudyef kbkpudyef sfnep sfnep esbrtfg epejfae kbkpudyef mfrf-mfrf sbjeoef jbrfnut 8 e) Jbjes Jbjes kbdobkunen kbdobkunened ed pfnfred pfnfred led pbdlepe pbdlepet, t, jefn kbaeauf kbaeauf nete-net nete-netee keupud keupud tfdlened.

 j) Lepet jbrnikudfnesf sbmere aedosudo led tbrjune. :=

 

m) Kekpu Kekpu kbkuaef, kbkuaef, kbaedhut kbaedhutned ned led kbdoen` kbdoen`frf frf suetu suetu pbkjfm pbkjfmere ereed ed lbdoed lbdoed  jefn. l) Kekp Kekpu u kbdi kbdiae aen n le led d kbdye kbdyete tened ned nb nbtf tfle lens nsbt btuh uhue uedd ddye ye tb tbr` r`ele elep p pb pbdle dlepe pett iredo aefd, eteu sboeae sbsuetu yedo tflen jbreaesed led mbdlbrudo jbrsfget dboetfg  b) Ke Kekp kpu u kbdo kbdoeh ehun uned ed pb pbrk rkfd fdte teed ed le led d je jedt dtue ued d nb nbpe pele le ir ired edo o ae aefd fd nb nbtf tfne ne kbkjutu`ned. g) Kekpu Kekpu kbdyete kbdyetened ned pbrese pbreseed, ed, jefn jefn yedo kbdybde kbdybdedone doned d keupud yedo yedo tflen  kbdybdedoned lbdoed mere yedo tbpet. o) Kbkfafnf Kbkfafnf sfnep sfnep led pedledoed pedledoed yedo entfg tbr`elep tbr`elep nb`fluped. nb`fluped. `) Kbdbr Kbdbrfk fkee nb nbtb tbrj rjet etes esed ed ye yedo do ele lf le leae aek k lf lfrf rfdye dye lb lbdoe doed d tb tbte tep p jb jbru ruse se`e `e udtun udt un kbdmep kbdmepef ef epe yedo yedo lffdof lffdofdned dneddye dye sbjefn sbjefn kudonf kudonfd, d, sb` sb`fdo fdooe oe jefn  jefn   jbr`esfa keupud oeoea fe ened tbtep kbkfafnf `eroe lfrf (sbag bstbbk) led nbpbrmeyeed lfrf (sbag midgflbdmb).

m. Kedg Kedgee eett Sbrf Sbrfae aenu nu Esb Esbrt rtfg  fg  Nikudfnesf esbrtfg eleae` nbkekpued sbsbiredo udtun jbrnikudfnesf sbmere bgbntfg  tedpe ted pe tbraea tbraeau u jedyen jedyen tbroed tbroedoou oou lbdoed lbdoed epe yedo iredo iredo aef aefd d kudonf kudonfd d pfnfrn pfnfrned ed eteu eteu netened. Sbrfaenu esbrtfg tflen seke lbdoed lbdoed pbrfaenu eorbsfg. Iredo esbrtfg jbredf kbdyuerened sbsuetu yedo kbdhelf pbdlepetdye lbdoed tbtep kbdo`eroef iredo aefd. Nikudfnesf esbrtfg huoe ened kbdudtud sbsbiredo udtun kbkutusned edtere kbdoetened ‐ye‖ eteu ‐tflen‖ udtun sftuesf tbrtbdtu. ]bjeafndye, iredo yedo nuredo esbrtfg mbdlbrudo sbaeau jbrnete ‐ye‖ kbsnfpud sbjbderdye lfe tflen jbrele leaek kiil udtun kbaenuned `ea `ea tbrs tbrsbj bjut ut.. \fle \flen n jfse jfse kbdo kbdoet eten ened ed ep epee ye yedo do fl flbe bead adye ye fd fdof ofd d lf lfne nete tene ned d le lepe pett kbdybjejned pbrfaenu eorbsfg pesfg led nidgafn fdtbrdea sbrte keseae` kbdtea. Jbrfnut eleae` jbjbrepe nbabjf`ed sbsbiredo jbrsfnep esbrtfg. 5) Jbjes Jbjes lerf lerf Nidg Nidgaf afn n Fdtbr Fdtbrdea dea Jeyedoned sftuesf jbrfnut, Edle sbledo kbdoeaekf senft nbpeae pere` led

fdofd kbdo`ejfsned wentu sbdlfrfed udtun jbrfstfre`et. \epf tbked jefn Edle :<

 

kbdb kb dbab abpi pid d le led d kb kbdo doet eten ened ed je je`w `wee fe fd fdof ofd d pb pbro roff nb nbau auer er lb lbdo doed ed Edle Edle.. Kbdo`elepf sftuesf fdf, sbjbderdye Edle `bdlen kbdiaen ehened tbrsbjut nerbde tflen leaek kiil udtun kbaenuneddye. \epf nerbde tflen kekpu jbrnete ‐tflen‖, Edle en`frdye pbrof nbauer sb`fdooe kbdekje` lbrfte senft nbpeae Edle lbdoed kbaenuned epe yedo tflen fdofd Edle aenuned. Hfne Edle munup esbrtfg udtun  kbdi kb diae aen n tb tbke ked d Edle Edle,, Edle Edle jfse jfse kbdo kbdo`e `ejf jfsn sned ed went wentu u jb jbrf rfst stfr fre` e`et et et eteu eu kbaenuned epe yedo sbjbderdye fdofd Edle aenuned. Rdtun jbrnete ‐tflen‖, Edle tflen tflen `erus `erus jbrsfn jbrsfnep ep neser. neser. Nikudf Nikudfnes nesff esbrt esbrtfg fg `erus `erus tbt tbtep ep kbdoblb kbdoblbpedn pedned ed `ujudoed seafdo kbdo`irketf. Lerf midti` lfetes, sfnep esbrtfg ened kbkjuet sbsbiredo tbr`fdler lerf strbs led tbneded yedo tflen pbrau lerf afdonudoed. :) Kbdfdo Kbdfdonet netned ned Sbrmeye Sbrmeye Lfrf Lfrf Nikudfnesf esbrtfg kbkjedtu kbdfdonetne Nikudfnesf kbdfdonetned d nbpbrmeyeed nbpbrmeyeed lfrf. lfrf. Iredo yedo esbrtfg esbrt fg jbrertf tflen reou leaek kbdyuerened kbdyuerened pbdlepetdye. Iredo aefd huoe ened mbdlbrudo kbdo`eroef iredo yedo esbrtfg nerbde jbredf kbdyuerened pfnfred led kbkfaf` kbkjbrfned hewejed yedo huhur. Eprbsfesf led pbdo`eroeed lerf iredo aefd pele en`frdye ened kbdfdonetned rese pbrmeye lfrf Edle yedo tbae` jbrsfnep esbrtfg. =) Kbkj Kbkjedt edtu u Kbdoba Kbdobaia iaee ]trbs ]trbs Jbrsfnep esbrtfg kbkjuet sbsbiredo abjf` kule` kbdobaiae strbs. Iredo yedo esbrtfg tflen ened kbdybseaf epe yedo lfaenuned nerbde tbae` kbdyuerened epe yedo kbdhelf pbdlepet led nbyenfdeddye.