Makalah Makkiyah Dan Madaniyah Studi Al

 

Nbgbjbc _`aededgba Bj-Rur—ba NBGGDTBC EBA NBEBADTBC

Ems`a p`nidnidal ;

Ers. Bieuj Cbed, N. _e

Edsusua mj`c ;

G`jvda B Be edtyb F Fc cbaerb \ \bbcyued

(23622?63)

Ybidbtuj Bebuwdybc

(2362?404)

Lustd Nucbnnbe Baul`rbc

(23622?82)

Nbrebad Ewd V`ptdb

(23622?32)

Hdreb \btd

(23622258)

PADX@YVDUBV GBJDNBAUBA NPCBNNBE BYVTBE BJ-IBAKBYD HBGPJUBV @GMAMND _YMLYBN VUPED NBABK@N@A (Y@L H NBJBN) IBAKBYNBVDA 9?24

 

GBUB _@ALBAUBY  _ukd syugur g`cbedrbt Bjjbc V\U gbr`ab e`alba rbcnbt, gbruadb, tbuhdq, s`rtb cdebybc-Ayb cdebybc -Ayb gbnd ebpbt n`ay`j`sbdgba n`ay`j`sbdgba nbgbjbc ybal i`rkueuj i`rkueuj ‚Nbggdybc eba Nbebadybc„. Vcmjbwbt eba sbjbn s`nmlb t`tbp t`rfurbcgba g`pbeb kuakualba gdtb Abid Nucbnnbe VB\. Eba kulb gbnd ufbpgba t`rdnb gbsdc g`pbeb Ibpbg Ers. Bieuj Cbed, N._e s`jbgu ems`a nbtb gujdbc _`aededgba _`aededgba Bj-Rur—ba Bj-Rur—ba PADVGB ybal t`jbc n`ni`rdgba tulbs dad. Gbnd i`rcbrbp nbgbjbc dad ebpbt n`abnibc p`al`tbcuba s`rtb wbwbsba gdtb t`rcbebp Nbggdybc t`rcbebp  Nbggdybc eba eba Nbebadybc  Nbebadybc.. Mj`c s`ibi dtu p`atdal ibld gbnd bebayb grdtdg, sbrba, eba usujba uatug n`np`ribdgd n`np`ribdgd nbgbjbc nbgbjbc ybal gbnd iubt edwbgtu edwbgtu ybal bgba ebtbal. V`nmlb nbgbjbc dad ebpbt edpbcbnd e`alba nuebc ibld sdbpbpua ybal n`nibfbayb eba  kulb ebpbt i`rluab i`r luab ibld gbnd prdibed. E`ndgdba ybal ebpbt gbnd sbnpbdgba. sb npbdgba. Nmcma nbbh  bpbidjb t`rebpbt g`sbjbcba gbtb-gbtb.

Ibakbrnbsda, 22 E`s`ni`r 9?24

_`aujds

 

IBI D _@AEBCPJPBA B. JBUBY I@JBGBAL

Ebjbn p`rg`nibalba eba edabndgb turuaayb wbcyu t`rebpbt i`riblbd dstdjbc-dstdjbc ybal nuafuj ebjbn p`algbkdba btbu stued bj-Rur—ba. Vbjbc sbtuayb dbjbc dstdjbc Nbggd eba Nbebad ybal tbg jbda kulb eds`iut e`alba  Nbggdybc eba  Nbebadybc.. G`eub gbtb t`rs`iut ed bnidj ebrd eub abnb gmtb i`sbr ed Kbzdrbc Brbi  Nbebadybc ybdtu gmtb Nbggbc eba gmtb Nbedabc. Gbtb Nbggd eba Nbebad btbu ybal idbsb eds`iut e`alba Nbggdybc eba Nbebadybc n`rupbgba sbjbc sbtu ebrd p`ak`jbsba k`ads bybt-bybt / surbc-surbc ybal beb ebjbn bj-Rur—ba. Nbggd eba Nbebad btbu  Nbggdybc eba  Nbebadybc n`rupbgba sbjbc sbtu edsdpjda djnu bj-Rur—ba ybal n`nibcbs eub p`rdme` p`atdal t`atbal turuaayb bybt btbu surbc ebjbn bj-Rur—ba. Eba ebjbn n`a`tbpgba bybt btbu surbc nbab ybal t`rnbsug  Nbggdybc btbu btbu Nbebadybc  Nbebadybc t`rebpbt i`i`rbpb t`mrd ybal t`jbc edg`nugbgba mj`c pbrb ujbnb—. _brb Pjbnb— n`al`nugbgba n`al`nugbgba `npbt pr`rsp`gtdh ebjbn n`ae`hdadsdg n`ae`hdadsdgba ba t`rndam t`rn damjmly jmly  Nbggdybc eba  Nbebadybc  Nbebadybc.. G``npbt p`rsp`gtdh dtu bebjbc Nbsb turua ( zbnba ), t`npbt turua (nbgba (nbgba ba-auzuj ), ), miy`g p`nidfbrbba (nugcbtbi (nugcbtbi))  zbnba ba-auzuj ), eba t`nb p`nidfbrbba (nbueu—  ( nbueu— )).. Ebjbn p`rsp`gtdh nbsb turua, pbrb ujbnb— n`ae`hdadsdgba ibcwb Nbggdybc ibcwb  Nbggdybc dbjbc bybt-bybt ybal edturuagba s`i`jun Ybsujujjbc Vbw cdkrbc g` Nbedabc, n`sgdpua n`sgdp ua iugba turua ed N`ggbc. N`ggbc. V`ebalgba V`ebalgba  Nbebadyybc bebjbc bybt-bybt ybal edturuagba s`suebc Ybsujujjbc Vbw cdkrbc g` Nbedabc, wbjbupua turua ed N`ggbc btbu Brbhbc. Ebjbn p`rsp`gtdh t`npbt turua, ede`hdadsdgba ibcwb Nbggdybc ibcwb Nbggdybc dbjbc bybt-bybt ybal edturuagba ed N`ggbc eba s`gdtbrayb. V`ebalgba Nbebadybc V`ebalgba  Nbebadybc bebjbc bybt-bybt ybal edturuagba ed Nbedabc eba s`gdtbrayb. Abnua ebrd p`rsp`gtdh t`rs`iut t`rebpbt g`j`nbcba ebjbn p`ae`hdadsdbaayb gbr`ab beb bybt-bybt t`rt`atu t` rt`atu ybal tdebg ed turuagba ed N`ggbc eba Nbedabc Nbedabc btbupua s`gdtbrayb, s`p`rtd Vurbc Bz-[ugcruh W56^; 50 ybal edturuagba ed Ibdtuj Nuqbeebs, Vurbc Bt-Ubuibc W4^; 59 ybal edturuagba ed

 

Ubiug. V`cdallb kdgb n`jdcbt e`hdadsd ebrd p`rsp`gtdh t`npbt turua nbgb bybt-bybt t`rs`iut tdebg ebpbt ed gbt`lmrdgba g`ebjbn surbc Nbggdybc surbc Nbggdybc btbu btbu Nbebadybc  Nbebadybc.. Ed sdsd jbda, ebjbn p`rsp`gtdh miy`g p`nidfbrbba ede`hdads ede`hdadsdgba dgba ibcwb  Nbggdybc bebjbc bybt-bybt ybal n`akbed gcdtbi gcdtbi ibld  ibld mrbal-mrbal N`ggbc, s`ebalgba  ibld mrbal-mrbal mr bal-mrbal Nbedabc. E`hdads  Nbebadybc bebjbc bybt-bybt ybal n`akbed gcdtbi gcdtbi ibld dt`rs`iut edrunusgba mj`c pbrb ujbnb— i`rebsbrgba btbs bsunsd ibcwb ibaybg bybtbybt bj-Rur—ba ybal ednujbd e`alba‚ybbbyyucbb e`alba‚ybbbyyucbb ba-abbs„ ybal n`akbed frdt`rdb  Nbggdybc,, eba ualgbpba‚ybbbyyucbb  Nbggdybc ualgbpba‚ybbbyyucbb bj-jbzdab„ybal bj-jbzdab„ybal n`akbed grdt`rdb Nbebadybc grdt`rdb Nbebadybc.. I. YPNPVBA NBVBJBC

2. Bpb e`hdadsd Nbggdybc e`hdadsd Nbggdybc eba eba Nbebadybc  Nbebadybc n`aurut i`i`rbpb t`mrd = 9. Iblbdnbab ebsbr p`a`tbpba Nbggdybc p`a`tbpba Nbggdybc eba eba Nbebadybc  Nbebadybc = 6. Bpb sbkb nbfbn-nbfbn Nbggdybc nbfbn-nbfbn  Nbggdybc eba eba Nbebadybc  Nbebadybc = 5. Iblbdnbab p`al`jmnpmgba surbc Bj-Rur—ba i`rebsbrgba t`mrd  Nbggdybc eba  Nbebadybc = 0. Bpb sbkb fdrd-fdrd ybal n`abaebgba surbc Bj-Nbggdybc = 8. Bpb sbkb fdrrd-fdrd ybal n`abaebgba surbl Bj-Nbebadybc =