Makalah Komter Perawat Dengan Tenaga Kesehatan Lainya

 

MCFCOCL FAMWEIFCRI PGXC^GWPIF ^GXC[CP @GEKCE ^GXC[CP @CE ^GXC[CP @GEKCE PGECKC FGRGLCPCE OCIEYC Wetuf Mgmgeuli Pukcs Mctc Fuoicl Famueifcsi `cocm Fgpgrcwctce II @asge ^gmhimhiek 4 Yuyue Rcriegeksil, R.fgp., R .fgp., Egrs., M.Fgp 

@isusue aogl4

@goc Oargezc

(393JF>233>)

M. Dcvigr Tc`c

(393JF>23>9)

 Egois Riti Cisycl

(393JF>23>2338)

Rietc Jcuzicl C.

(393JF>2332)

Pic ^rioicetiei

(393JF>2330)

^XAKXCM RPW@I RCXDCEC FG^GXC[CPCE JCFWOPCR FG^GXC[CPCE WEIZGXRIPCR HLCFPI FGEBCEC (WHF) 8>39-8>8>

>

 

FCPC ^GEKCEPCX

Csscocmu’cocifum [crclmctuoocli [chcrcfctul  [chcrcfctul  Rgkcoc pudi hcki Coocl R[P. Ycek tgocl mgmhgrifce fcmi fgmu`clce sgliekkc fcmi `cpct mgeygogscifce mcfcocl iei `gekce tgpct wcftu. Pcepc  pgrtaoaekce-Eyc tgetueyc fcmi ti`cf cfce scekkup uetuf mgeygogscifce mcf mcfcocl cocl iei `gekce hcif. Rlcocwct sgrtc scocm sgmakc tgroimpcl burclfce fgpc`c hckie`c tgrbietc fitc ycitu Echi Mulcmmc` RC[ ycek fitc eceti-ecetifce eceti- ecetifce sycjc’cteyc `i cflirct eceti.  eceti.  ^geuois mgekubcpfce syufur fgpc`c Coocl R[P ctcs oimpclce eifmct sglct Eyc, hcif itu hgrupc sglct jisif mcupue cfco pifirce, sgliekkc pgeuois mcmpu uetuf mgeygogscifce pgmhuctce mcfcocl sghckci tukcs `cri mctc fuoicl Famueifcsi `cocm Fgpgrcwctce II `gekce du`uo ‟Famueifcsi ‟Famueifcsi Pgrcpgutif ^grcwct `gekce ^grcwct `ce ^grcwct `gekce Pgeckc Fgsglctce Ocieeyc” Ocieeyc ”. ^geuois tgetu mgeyc`cri hclwc mcfcocl iei mcsil dcul `cri fctc sgmpurec `ce mcsil hceycf tgr`cpct fgscoclce sgrtc fgfurcekce `i `cocmeyc. Wetuf itu, pgeuois mgeklcrcpfce fritif sgrtc scrce `cri pgmhcbc uetuf mcfcocl iei, supcyc mcfcocl iei ecetieyc `cpct mgedc`i mcfcocl ycek oghil hcif ocki. Fgmu`ice cpchioc tgr`cpct  hceycf fgscoclce pc`c mcfcocl iei pgeuois malae mccj ycek sghgscr-hgscreyc. ^geuois dukc mgekubcpfce tgrimc fcsil fgpc`c sgmuc pilcf flususeyc fgpc`c Ihu/Hcpcf @asge ycek tgocl mgmhimhiek `cocm mgeuois mcfcocl iei. @gmifice, sgmakc mcfcocl iei `cpct hgrmcejcct. hgrmce jcct. Pgrimc fcsil

Hce`uek, >7 Mgi 8>8>

^geuois

i

 

@CJPCX IRI FCPC ^GEKCEPCX ^GEKCEPCX ................................................................................... .................................................. ................................. i @CJPCX IRI ............................................... ................................................................................................. .................................................. ii HCH I ^GE@CLWOWCE................................................................. ^GE@CLWOWCE..............................................................................3 .............3

3.3 Octcr hgocfcek ............................................................................. 3 3.8 Xumusce mcscocl......................................................................... 8 3.2 Puduce ................................................. ......................................................................................... ........................................ 2 HCH II ^GMHCLCRCE........................................................................ ^GMHCLCRCE...............................................................................0 .......0

8.3 Faesgp Wmum Famueifcsi ......................................................... .................................................... ..... 0 8.8 @gogkcsi ................................................ ........................................................................................ ........................................ ; 8.2 Faejoif `cocm ` cocm Hgrfamueifcsi ..................................................... < 8.0 Famueifcsi Cetcr Cekkatc Pim Fgsglctce ................................ < 8.7 Famueifcsi Cetcrc ^grcwct `gekce `g ekce ^grcwct ............................ 3> 8.: Famueifcsi Cetcrc ^grcwct `gekce `g ekce @aftgr .............................. 33 8.; Famueifcsi Cetcrc pgrcwct `gekce `ge kce Cloi tgrcpi tg rcpi ........................ 32 8.< Famueifcsi Cetcrc ^grcwct `gekce `g ekce Cloi Jcrmcsi .................... 32 8.9 Famueifcsi cetcrc ^grcwct `gekce ` gekce Cloi Kizi ........................... 30 8.3> Famueifcsi Pgrfcit Fcsus ^gmibu .......................................... 30 HCH III ^GEWPW^................................................................ ^GEWPW^.......................................................................................39 .......................39

2.3 Fgsimpuoce ................................................................................ 39 @CJPCX ^WRPCFC........................................................................... ^WRPCFC..................................................................................8> .......8>

ii

 

HCH 3 ^GE@CLWOWCE 3.3  Octcr Hgocfcek

^gocycece fgsglctce ycek `ihgrifce aogl pgrcwct mcupue tgeckc fgsglctce ocieeyc fgpc`c pcsige `ce fgoucrkc `i rumcl scfit scekctocl pgetiek uetuf mgmpgrlctifce fgsgocmctce pcsige. Mgocoui famueifcsi gjgftij ycek `iocfufce aogl pgrcwct `ce tgeckc fgsglctce ocieeyc hcif fgtgpctce wcftu, fgcfurctce, fgogekfcpce, fgdgocsce sgrtc pgmclcmce `cri rgsipige ctcupue pgegrimc `cpct mgmieimcoisir tgrdc`ieyc fgscoclce `cocm hgrfamueifcsi. Iejarmcsi tgetcek csulce pcsige `ce rgspae tgrlc`cp csulce `ifamueifcsifce cetcrc prcftisi mg`is, fgpgrcwctce `ce prcftisi fgsglctce ocieeyc scct pgrkcetice slijt. Iejarmcsi tgrsghut `cpct `ifamueifcsifce hcif sgbcrc oisce, tgrtuois ctcu gogftraeif (Famisi Cfrg`itcsi Xumcl Rcfit, 8>38). Rcocl sctu ie`ifctar fgsgocmctce pcsige c`cocl famueifcsi ycek gjgftij. @cocm ie`ifctar tgrsghut `ifctcfce hclwc famueifcsi ycek pcoiek mu`cl mgekcocmi fgscoclce c`cocl pgrietcl `ihgrifce sgbcrc oisce, pgocparce fgmhcoi lcsio  pgmgrifscce fritis (sgpgrti ocharctarium foieis mgegopae ueit pgocycece pcsige uetuf mgocparfce lcsio pgmgrifscce sgkgrc/bita). Jcsioitcs pgocycece fgsglctce sgbcrc faocharctij mgekgmhcekfce suctu fghidcfce uetuf pgrietcl oisce `ce mgocoui tgogpae tgrmcsuf4 mgeuoisfce iejarmcsi sgbcrc ogekfcp hcif itu iestrufsi `aftgr ctcupue lcsio pgmgrifscce aogl ycek mgegrimc iejarmcsi6 fgmu`ice ycek mgegrimc pgsce cfce mgekuocek fgmhcoi iestrufsi ctcu lcsio pgmgrifscce6 `ce mgekfaejirmcsi uocek tgrlc`cp cpc ycek tgocl `ituoisfce `ce ycek tgocl `ihcbc uocek sgbcrc ogekfcp. Dgeis ahct-ahctce ycek tgrmcsuf dgeis ahct EAXWM/OCRC lcrus `igdc uocek (^grmgefgs XI Ea.33, 8>3;) Fgmcmpuce uetuf mgekgmhcekfce famueifcsi gjgftij pc`c pgocycece fgpgrcwctce prajgssiaeco scekct pgetiek uetuf `imioifi `ce `iocfufce aogl  pgrcwct scct mgmhgrifce csulce fgpgrcwctce sgbcrc mcfsimco, sgpgrti famueifcsi cetcrc pgrcwct `gekce prajgsi (Rucroi & Hclticr, 8>3>). Gmpct dgeis 3

 

fgtgrcmpioce `cscr `cocm hgrfamueifcsi ycitu mgeuois `ce mgmhcbc (hclcsc tuoisce) sgrtc mge`gekcr `ce hgrhibcrc (hclcsc oisce). Famueifcsi gjgftij tgrdc`i  hioc `cocm famueifcsi mgeklcsiofce pgrscmcce pgrsgpsi sgliekkc ti`cf mgeimhuofce muoti tcjsir `ce muoti ietgrprgtcsi `cri pilcf-pilcf ycek tgroihct `cocm famueifcsi (Ecsir `ff., 8>>9). Fgrcekfc famueifcsi gjgftij ycek `ikuecfce `i rumcl scfit c`cocl famueifcsi fa mueifcsi RHCX. Famueifcsi RHCX c`cocl fgrcekfc tgfeif famueifcsi ycek `isg`icfce uetuf pgtukcs fgsglctce `cocm mgeycmpcifce fae`isi pcsige. Mgta`g RHCX mgrupcfce mgta`g tgrstruftur uetuf mgekfamueifcsifce iejarmcsi pgetiek ycek mgmhutulfce pgrlctice sgkgrc `ce tie`cfce hgrfaetrihusi tgrlc`cp pgeiekfctce fgsgocmctce pcsige. RHCX dukc `cpct `ikuecfce sgbcrc gjgftij uetuf mgeiekfctfce sgrcl tgrimc cetcrc slijt ctcu cetcrc stcj `i `cgrcl foieis ycek scmc ctcu hgrhg`c. Mgoihctfce sgmuc cekkatc tim fgsglctce uetuf mgmhgrifce mcsufce fg `cocm situcsi pcsige tgrmcsuf mgmhgrifce rgfamge`csi. @gekce RHCX mgmhgrifce fgsgmpctce uetuf `isfusi cetcrc cekkatc tim fgsglctce ctcu tim fgsglctce ocieeyc. ^gegrcpce mgta`g RHCX dukc lcrus `iifuti `gekce tgfeif PHcF ckcr ti`cf tgrdc`i fgscoclce iejarmcsi (Oceksc, 8>37).   3.8 Xumusce Mcscocl

3.  Cpc pgekgrtice `cri Famueifcsi sgbcrc Wmum 1 8.  Hckcimcec Famueifcsi ^grcwct `gekce ^grcwct 1 2.  Hckcimcec Famueifcsi ^grcwct `gekce @aftgr 1 0.  Hckcimcec Famueifcsi ^grcwct `gekce Cloi Pgrcpi 1 7.  Hckcimcec Famueifcsi ^grcwct `gekce Cloi Jcrmcsi 1 :.  Hckcimcec Famueifcsi ^grcwct `gekce Cloi Kizi 1

8

 

3.2 Puduce

3.  Puduce Wmum  Wmum  Puduce umum pgeuoisce mcfcocl iei c`cocl uetuf mgmgeuli tukcs tgrstruftur mctc fuoicl Famueifcsi `cocm Fgpgrcwctce II 8.  Puduce Flususc c.  Wetuf mgekgtclui `gjieisi `cri famueifcsi sgbcrc umum.  h.  Wetuf mgekgtclui Famueifcsi ^grcwct `gekce ^grcwct. b.  Wetuf mgekgtclui Famueifcsi ^grcwct `gekce @aftgr. `.  Wetuf mgekgtclui Famueifcsi ^grcwct `gekce Cloi Pgrcpi g.  Wetuf Mgekgtclui Famueifcsi ^grcwct `gekce Cloi Jcrmcsi j.  Wetuf Mgekgtclui Famueifcsi ^grcwct `gekce Cloi Kizi

2

 

HCH II ^GMHCLCRCE 8.3 Faesgp Wmum Famueifcsi 8.3.3 @gjieisi Famueifcsi

Famueifcsi c`cocl prasgs ietgrpgrsaeco ycek mgoihctfce pgruhclce vgrhco `ce eaevgrhco `cri iejarmcsi `ce i`g. Rg`cekfce famueifcsi tgrcpgutif c`cocl  prasgs `imcec pgrcwct ycek mgekkuecfce mgekkue cfce pge`gfctce tgrgebcec mgmpgocdcri foige. prasgs mgmjafusfce pc`c foige ecmue `irgebcecfce `ce `ipimpie aogl sgarcek prajgsiaeco. (^attgr & ^grry, 8>>9).Rtucrt,K.[., & Ocrcic, 8>>7 mgekctcfce hclwc `cocm luhuekce famueifcsi tgrcpgutif pgrcwct `ce foige mgedc`i pgetiek `cocm mgekgfspoarcsi fghutulce foige. 8.3.8 Famueifcsi @cocm Fgoampaf  

Fazigr.,gt coo (8>3>) mgeycmpcifce hclwc fgoampaf c`cocl `uc ctcu oghil ie`ivi`u ycek hgrhcki fghutulce `ce tuduce hgrcmc, mgoihctfce sctu scmc ocie fg `cocm tie`cfce ycek mgrgfc ocfufce, `ce cflireyc hgrsctu pc`u sgrtc mgmisclfce `iri `cri pilcf ocie `gmi fghcifce ietgrcfsi ycek mgrgfc ocfufce. Fgoampaf lc`ir uetuf mgmhcetu mceusic mgebcpci tuduce ycek ti`cf `cpct `ibcpci `gekce fgmcmpuce ie`ivi`u. 8.3.2 @iecmifc Fgoampaf

Famueifcsi ycek hgroceksuek cetcr cekkatc fgoampaf `ifgeco `gekce `iecmifc fgoampaf. Pctc bcrc famueifcsi iei cfce `itgetufce aogl sgdumocl vcrichgo `ce jcftar ycek scoiek tgrfcit. Rgticp cekkatc fgoampaf cfce mgmhgrifce pgekcrul pc`c `iecmifc fgoampaf, `i`cscrfce pc`c mativcsi mgrgfc `cocm hgrpcrtisipcsi, fgscmcce mgrgfc `gekce cekkatc fgoampaf ycek ocie, fg`gwcscce cekkatc fgoampaf `cocm mgekgsprgsifce pgrcscce mgrgfc `ce tuduce fgoampaf tgrsghut.

0

 

8.3.0 Pipg Fgoampaf Ocycece Fgsglctce 

Rghckice hgscr fgli`upce pgrcwct `ilchisfce `ihceycf rckcm fgoampaf, `cri `uc liekkc arkceiscsi prajgsiaeco ycek hgscr. Rghckci pcrtisipce fgoampaf, pgrcwct muekfie `ilcrusfce mgedcocei pgrce ycek hgrhg`c hcif mgedc`i cekkatc ctcu pgmimpie, pgmhgri scrce ctcu pgegrimc scrce sgsuci `gekce fcpcsitcseyc. Pipg fgoampaf ocycece fgsglctce ycek umum mgoiputi fgoampaf fgrdc, fgoampaf pgeyuoulce, fgoampaf swchcetu, fgoampaf tgrcpi, `ce fgoampaf pge`ufuek sasico tgrfcit fgrdc. Fgrdc prajgsiaeco `cocm fgoampaf hgrkcetuek pc`c kcyc fgpgmimpiece, tcekkuek dcwch cekkatc, tcekkuek dcwch fgpgmimpiece, `ce i`getijifcsi tukcs `cocm jcsg krup hgrhg`c. h grhg`c.

PC H G O 3.3 ^ ^g gr hce`i e`i ekce fgoa fgoam mpaf ycek ycek gjgftij `ce ti ti` `cf gjgftij jgftij.(.(F F azi gr ,.gt ,.gtc coo.,8>3>). Jcftar Rucscec 

Fgoampaf gjgftij

 Eycmce

`ce

sucscec

fgrdc

Fgoampaf ti`cf gjgftij  

riogfs, Pgkcek, furcekeyc privcsi tgmpct

`ce famitmge sufcrgoc

arcek mge`gmaestrcsifce tgrlc`cp fgoampaf.  pgrce sgrtc mgrgfc

Puduce 

Puduce, tukcs, `ce lcsio

Puduce ti`cf dgocs, `iscocl

oghil

mgekgrti `ce `ipcfscfce

mu`cl

`ipclcmi,

`imgekgrti, `ce `ima`ijifcsi ckcr cekkatc fgoampaf  hgrfamitmge

`cpct tgrlc`cp

tuduce mgocoui fgrdcscmc.

Fgpgmimpiece `ce Fgpgmimpiece pcrtisipcsi cekkatc 

`gmafrctis.

Ataritgr

4

^grkcetice mge`amiecsi

fgpgmimpiece `iocfufce ctcu

cekkatc

pgmimpie fgoampaf tgrocou

7

 

 hgr`cscrfce pgekgtcluce

tue`uf.

`ce

cekkatc ti`cf sgimhcek,

pgekcocmce

ycek

`imioifi.

^crtisipcsi

`i`amiecsi aogl hghgrcpc arcek

Famueifcsi 

Pgrhufc,

i`g-i`g

 pgmifirce

`ce Pgrtutup4

pge`cpct

`ufuekce

lceyc

upcyc

uetuf mgeklcsiofce i`g ycek

mge`cpctfce

`ufuekce.

^grcscce

`ichcifce. Cekkatc `cpct mgmioifi

tuduce

ycek

 hgrtaocfhgocfcek `gekce tuduce fgoampaf

^gekcmhioce

@iocfufce aogl fgoampaf @iocfufce aogl ataritcs

fgputusce

mgsfipue  prasg`ur

hgrhckci

tgrtiekki `cocm fgoampaf

hgr`cscrfce `gekce fgtgroihctce ycek

situcsi ycek c`c.

mieimco

`cri

cekkatc

fgoampaf ycek ocie.

Falgsi 

@ijcsioitcsi  pgeklcrkcce

mgocoui

^gmimpie

mgekfocim

tgrlc`cp  hgrdcsc `cocm pgebcpcice, pgebcpcic e,

cekkatc fgoampaf ycek famgetcr hgrsijct fritis `c ocie,

gfsprgsi

pgrcscce  hgrjafus

ycek tgrhufc, pgrbcyc `ce

pc`c

fcrcftgristif pgrsaeco.

`ufuekce

:

 

^gmgbclce mcscocl  Piekki4

fritif

mghcekue

ycek Xge`cl4

sgriek mgmhcekue,

`ioaetcrfce. Dudur, rgoctij eycmce,

`cocm

muebuo sgrceke

ycek

tgrcek

uetuf tgrcekce

 pgmgbclce mcscocl. Mge`cpctfce `ufuekce 

ti`cf

hgetuf

`ce  prihc`i

`iarigetcsifce

Frgctivitcs  

fritif

ctcu

tgrsgmhueyi.

Pi`cf

mgmpgraogl

`ufuekce

8.8 @gogkcsi 

@gogkcsi c`cocl pgmie`clce tcekkuekdcwch uetuf mgocfufce fgkictce ctcu tukcs `ce mgmgkcek cfuetchioitcs tgrlc`cp lcsio. @gogkcsi hgrmcejcct uetuf mgmpgrhcifi gjisigesi, mgeiekfctfce pra`uftivitcs, `ce mgekgmhcekfce stcj ocieeyc.

Rghckci

sgarcek

pgrcwct,

lcrus

hgrtcekkuekdcwch

tgrlc`cp

 pgeygogekcrcce pgrcwctce foige `ce cfce mge`gogkcsifce fgkictce pgrcwct fgpc`c csistge. Fcrgec ocekfcl `cri prasgs fgpgrcwctce mgmgroufce pgrcwct uetuf pgekcmhioce fgputusce, mcfc tclcp iei ti`cf cfce ce`c `ggkcsifce fgpc`c csistge ctcu tgeckc fgsglctce ocie. Wetuf mge`ufuek oiekfuekce prajgsiaeco ycek  hcif, sgticp sgticp cekkatc cekkatc tim fgrdc fgpgrcwctce hgrtcekkuekdcwch hgrtcekkuekdcwch uetuf mgocfscecfce famueifcsi prajgsiaeco ycek hgrsijct tgrhufc. Difc `iocfufce `gekce hgecr, `gogkcsi `cpct mgmpgrhcifi gjisigesi fgrdc, pra`uftivitcs, `ce pgeiekfctce fgrdc. Oimc sycrct `cocm pge`gogkcsice cetcr tim fgsglctce 4 Pukcs ycek tgpct, fae`isi  ycek tgpct, arcek ycek tgpct, famueifcsi/pgtueduf ycek tgpct, supgrvisi ycek tgpct.(( ^attgr & ^grry, 8>>9). tgpct.

;

 

8.2 Faejoif `cocm hgrfamueifcsi

Puduce utcmc `cocm mgecekcei faejoif `i tgmpct fgrdc c`cocl uetuf mgegmufce fucoitcs tiekki `ce saousi ycek `cpct `itgrimc hgrscmc. @cocm hceycf baetal, hgrhckci dgeis luhuekce `cpct hgrfgmhcek mgocoui pgekkuecce tgfeif famueifcsi mcecdgmge faejoif. ^c`c situcsi foieis sghckci suctu prasgs fgrdc scmc uetuf mgebcpci tuduce hgrscmc `gekce mgekifuti ocekfcl 4

  Mgmpgraogl `ctc jcftuco 4 Mge`cpctfce sgmuc iejarmcsi ycek rgogvce tgetcek



isu-isu spgsijif ycek tgroihct `ce sgfitcr rgspae pgriocfu foige uetuf mcscocl  pgrcwctce fgsglctce.

  ^grtimhcekfce su`ut pce`cek ocie4 Mgmioifi hghgrcpc i`g tgetcek cpc



mcscocl muekfie rgogvce `cri su`ut pce`cek arcek ocie, mgmhgrifce iejarmcsi pgetiek tgetcek pge`gfctce ietgrpgrsaeco ycek tgrhcif uetuf `ikuecfce.

  Ietgrvgesi cwco 4 Huct jarum uetuf famueifcsi `uc crcl , sghcifeyc hgrtgmu



sgbcrc hgrfcoc `gekce tim fgsglctce ocie mgebcfup pgrmcscoclce foige.

8.0 Famueifcsi Cetcr Cekkatc Pim Fgsglctce

Famueifcsi cetcr tim cekkatc fgsglctce mgrupcfce luhuekce cetcrc tim cekkatc fgsglctce ycek sctu `gekce ycek ocieeyc ycek tgrietgkrcsi `ce hgrtuduce uetuf mgeiekfctfce `grcdct fgsglctce pcsige. Famueifcsi iei mgoiputi famueifcsi cetcrc pgrcwct `gekce `aftgr, famueifcsi cetcrc pgrcwct `gekce  pgrcwct, famueifcis cetcrc pgrcwct `gekce tgeckc cloi rgspirctarif, fmueifcis cetcrc pgrcwct `gekce jcrmcsi `ce famueifcis cetcrc pgrcwct `gekce cloi kizi, sgliekkc cfce mgeimhuofce tie`cfce faocharcsi cetcr cekkatc tim fgsglctce.   ^grcwct mgedcocefce pgrce ycek mgmhutulfce ietgrcfsi `gekce hgrhckci cekkatc tim pgocycece fgsglctce. Wesur ycek mgmhgetuf luhuekce pgrcwct foige  dukc `cpct `itgrcpfce ` itgrcpfce `cocm luhuekce luhue kce sgdcwct, ycek hgrjafus pc`c pgmhgetufce p gmhgetufce oiekfuekce fgrdc ycek sglct `ce mgebcpci tuduce tctcece foieis. Famueifcsi iei

<

 

 hgrjafus pc`c pgmhgetufce tim, jcsioitcsi prasgs fgoampaf, faocharcsi, faesuotcsi, `gogkcsi, supgrvisi, fgpgmimpiece, `ce mcecdgmge. @ihutulfce hceycf fgtgrcmpioce famueifcsi, tgrmcsuf hgrhibcrc `cocm prgsgetcsi, pgrsucsi,  pgmgbclce mcscocl fgoampaf, pgmhgrice tiedcuce pgrjarmc, `ce pgeuoisce ocparce. @i`cocm oiekfuekce fgrdc, pgrcwct `ce tim fgsglctce mgmhutulfce ietgrcfsi sasico `ce tgrcpgutif uetuf mgmhcekue fgpgrbcycce `ce mgpgrfuct luhuekce. Rgmuc arcek mgmiofi fghutulce ietgrprihc`i cfce pgegrimcce, fgtgroihctce, i`getitcs, privcsi, fgfuctce `ce faetrao, sgrtc pgrlctice. ^grcwct mgmhutulfce pgrsclchctce, `ufuekce, himhiekce, `ce `araekce `cri pilcf ocie uetuf mgekctcsi tgfcece cfihct strgss pgfgrdcce `ce lcrus `cpct mgegrcpfce famueifcsi ycek hcif `gekce foige, sgdcwct `ce rgfce fgrdc. (^attgr & ^grry, 8>>9). Ckcr gjgftij sghckci prajgsiaeco fgpgrcwctce, itu ti`cf bufup uetuf scekct  hgrfamitmge uetuf foige. ^c`c cflireyc, ifoim pgrusclcce tgmpct fgrdc cfce mgmioifi gjgf pc`c luhuekce ycek tgrdc`i cetcrc pgrcwct `ce foige prihc`i. Fgkckcoce `cocm famueifcsi cetcrc pgeyg`ic ocycece fgsglctce c`cocl scocl sctu jcftar ycek pcoiek umum. Famitmge uetuf faocharcsi `cocm luhuekce fgrdc `gekce pcrc prajgsiaeco ocie mgmhcetu mgmpgrtclcefce fucoitcs tiekki `cri  pgrcwctce foige. Fghgrlcsioce fgoampaf hgrkcetuek pc`c luhuekce hcif `icetcrc tim, tgrutcmc pgmimpie tim `gekce cekkatc tim ycek ocie. Wetuf mge`araek tgrdc`ieyc famueifcsi, pgmimpie tim lcrus sgocou mgekcmcti priesip famueifcsi mgeurut [LA, 3999 4

  Rgourul cekkatc tim lcrus hghcs mgekgmufcfce `ce mgedgocsfce pce`cekce



mgrgfc `ce lcrus `i`araek uetuf hgrtie`cf sgpgrti itu.

  Rghucl pgsce ctcu famueifcsi, hcif oisce mcupue tgrtuois lcrus `ieyctcfce



`gekce dgocs `ce `cocm hclcsc ctcu uekfcpce ycek `cpct `imgekgrti

  Famueifcsi mgmpueyci 8 uesur ycitu mgekirim `ce mgegrimc, hioc pgsce



ycek `ifirim ti`cf `itgrimc famueifcsi ti`cf hgrdcoce. @gekce `gmifice

9

 

 pgmimpie tim lcrus sgocou mgkkuecfce suctu bcrc uetuf mgmgrifsc cpcfcl gjgf ycek `ilcrcpfce tgrdc`i.

  ^grsgoisilce ctcu pgrtgetcekce c`cocl earmco `cocm luhuekce cetcr mceusic,



lco iei su`cl `ictur sg`gmifice sgliekkc `cpct mgebcpci lcsio ycek faestruftij. 

8.7 Famueifcsi cetcrc ^grcwct `gekce ^grcwct

@cocm mgmhgrifce pgocycece fgpgrcwctce pc`c foige famueifcsi cetcr tgeckc fgsglctce tgrutcmc sgscmc pgrcwct scekctocl pgetiek. Fgsiecmhuekce iejarmcsi tgetcek foige `ce rgebcec tie`cfce ycek tgocl, sg`cek `ce cfce cf ce `iocfufce pgrcwct `cpct tgrscmpcifce cpchioc luhuekce ctcu famueifcsi cetcr pgrcwct hgrdcoce `gekce hcif. Luhuekce pgrcwct `gekce pgrcwct `cocm mgmhgrifce pgocycece pgoc ycece fgpgrcwctce `cpct `ifocsijifcsifce mgedc`i luhuekce prajgsiaeco, luhuekce strufturco `ce luhuekce ietrcpgrsaeco. Luhuekce prajgsiaeco cetcrc pgrcwct `gekce pgrcwct mgrupcfce luhuekce ycek tgrdc`i fcrgec c`ceyc luhuekce fgrdc `ce tcekkuek  dcwch ycek scmc `cocm mgmhgrifce pgocycece fgpgrcwctce. Baetaleyc famueifcsi ycek tgrdc`i pc`c scct faar`iecsi cetcrc pgrcwct C `gekce pgrcwct H  pc`c scct mgegrimc pcsige hcru `cri IK@ uetuf `i hgrifce pgrcwctce oghil ocedut `i rucek rcwct iecp. Mcfc cetcrc pgrcwct C `ce pgrcwct H cfce mgedcoie famueifcsi. Luhuekce sturfturco mgrupcfce luhuekce ycek tgrdc`i hgr`cscrfce dchctce ctcu struftur mcsiek - mcsiek pgrcwct `cocm mgedcocefce tukcs hgr`cscrfce wgwgecek `ce tcekkuekdcwcheyc `cocm mgmhgrifce pgocycece fgpgrcwctce. Ocparce pgrcwct pgocfscec tgetcek fae`isi foige fgpc`c pgrcwct primgr, ocparce  pgrcwct primgr ctcu fgtuc tim fgpc`c fgpcoc rucek tgetcek pgrfgmhcekce fae`isi foige, `ce supgrvisi ycek `iocfufce fgpcoc rucek fgpc`c pgrcwct pgocfscec mgrupcfce baetal luhuekce strufturco.

3>

 

Luhuekce ietgrpgrsaeco pgrcwct `gekce pgrcwct mgrupcfce luhuekce ycek oczim `ce tgrdc`i sgbcrc cocmicl. Wmumeyc, isi famueifcsi `cocm luhuekce iei c`cocl lco- lco ycek ti`cf tgrfcit `gekce pgfgrdcce `ce ti`cf mgmhcwc pgekcrul `cocm pgocfscecce tukcs `ce wgwgecekeyc. Baetaleyc pgrcwct `i suctu rucekce mgmhibcrcfce mgekgeci fae`isi fgoucrkceyc `i rumcl. Mgrgfc scoiek mgeburclfce isi lcti `ce hgrtufcr pifirce, sgbcrc atamctis a tamctis lco iei mgmgroufce ycek ecmceyc prasgs famueifcsi. 8.: Famueifcsi cetcrc ^grcwct `gekce @aftgr

Luhuekce pgrcwct-`aftgr c`cocl sctu hgetuf luhuekce ietgrcfsi ycek tgocl bufup ocmc `ifgeco fgtifc mgmhgrifce hcetuce fgpc`c pcsige. ^grcwct hgfgrdc scmc `cekce `aftgr `cocm hgrhckci hgetuf. ^grcwct muekfie hgfgrdc `i oiekfuekce `i mcec fghceycfce csulce fgpgrcwctce hgrkcetuek pc`c iestrufsi mg`is. ^grcwct `irucek pgrcwctce ietgesij `cpct mgekifuti stce`cr prasg`ur ycek tgocl `itgtcpfce ycek mgekiziefce pgrcwct hgrtie`cf oghil mce`iri. ^grcwct `cpct  hgfgrdc `cocm hgetuf faocharcsi `gekce `aftgr.   Baetal `cri luhuekce pgrcwctce `gekce `aftgr. Fgtifc pgrcwct mgeyicpfce  pcsige ycek hcru scdc `i`ickeasc `ichgtgs puocek fgrumcl, pgrcwct `ce `aftgr  hgrscmc-scmc mgekcdcrfce foige `ce fgoucrkc hgkcimcec pgrcwctce `ichgtgs `i rumcl. Rgocie itu famueifcsi cetcrc pgrcwct `gekce `aftgr `cpct tgrhgetuf scct visit `aftgr tgrlc`cp pcsige, `isitu pgrce pgrcwct c`cocl mgmhgrifce `ctc pcsige mgoiputi PPZ, cecmegsc, sgrtc fgoulce-fgoulce `cri pcsige, `ce `ctc pgeuedcek sgpgrti lcsio ocharcturium sgliekkc `aftgr `cpct mge`ickeasc sgbcrc pcsti mgekgeci pgeycfit pcsige. ^c`c scct pgrcwct hgrfamueifcsi `gekce `aftgr  pcstiocl mgekkuecfce istiocl-istiocl mg`is, `isieiocl `isieiocl pgrcwct `ituetut uetuf hgocdcr istiocl-istiocl mg`is sgliekkc ti`cf tgrdc`i fghiekuekce scct hgrfamueifcsi `ce famueifcsi `cpct hgrdcoce `gekce hcif sgrtc mgebcpci tuduce ycek `iiekiefce. Rgocie baetal `i ctcs mcsil hceycf ietgrcfsi ycek mgmuekfiefce tgrdc`ieyc famueifcsi cetcrc pgrcwct `ce `aftgr. Baetal ocieeyc fgtifc visitg `aftgr spgsicois

33

 

cecf tgrlc`cp scocl sgarcek pcsige cecf, mcfc pgrcwct wcdih mge`cmpieki `ce  pgrcwct cfce mgocparfce sgkcoc hgetuf fae`isi, tie`cfce `ce pgrfgmhcekce fgcc`cce pcsige fgpc`c `aftgr tgrsghut. Hioc `aftgr hgoum dgocs mgekgeci ocparce tgrsghut sgpgrti fae`isi tce`c vitco pcsige tgrsghut mcfc `aftgr cfce hgrfamueifcsi `ce hgrtceyc `gekce pgrcwct mgekgeci fae`isi pcsige tgrsghut. Famueicfsi cetcrc pgrcwct `gekce `aftgr `cpct hgrdcoce `gekce hcif cpchioc `cri fg`uc pilcf `cpct scoiek hgrfaocharcsi `ce hufce lceyc mgedcocefce tukcs sgbcrc ie`ivi`u, pgrcwct `ce `aftgr sge`iri c`cocl fgsctuce tgeckc mg`is ycek ti`cf hisc `ipisclfce. @aftgr mgmhutulfce hcetuce pgrcwct `cocm mgmhgrifce `ctc-`ctc csulce fgpgrcwctce, `ce pgrcwct sge`iri mgmhutulfce hcetuce `aftgr uetuf mge`ickeasc sgbcrc pcsti pgeycfit pcsige sgrtc mgmhgrifce pgecekcece oghil ocedut fgpc`c pcsige. Rgmuc itu `cpct tgrwudu` `wekce hcif hgrcwco `cri famueifcsi ycek hcif puoc cetcrc pgrcwct `gekce `aftgr. Pips uetuf pgrmietcce fgdgocsce fgpc`c `aftgr4 3.  Mgeki`getijifcsi sgmuc ecmc (Rghutfce ecmc `aftgr, sghutfce ecmc `ce  pasisi, mgeki`getijifcsi foige `ce `ickeasis foige ctcu arcek-arcek ocie ycek tgroihct `cocm mcscocl `gekce ecmc. 8.  Mgriekfcs mcscocl (`ctc jcftuco siekfct tgetcek mcscocl), 2.  Mgeyctcfce tuduce , 0.  Mgeycrcefce saousi pgmgbclce mcscocl ycek rgogvce sgsuci `gekce  prcftgf foieif, 7.  Mgeuois fgsimpuoce (mgedgocsfce sicpc ycek cfce hgrtcekkuek dcwch uetuf pgocfscecce, mgekfocrijifcsi iejarmcsi tgrutcmc difc iei pgrbcfcpce tgogpae, mgegetufce fgrcekfc wcftu pgocfscecce). (Creao` & Haaks, 8>>;).

38

 

8.; Famueifcsi cetcrc pgrcwct `gekce Cloi tgrcpi.  

Cloi tgrcpi rgspirctarif `itukcsfce uetuf mgmhgrifce pgekahctce ycek `ircebcek uetuf pgeiekfctce jueksi vgetiocsi ctcu afsikgecsi foige.^grcwct hgfgrdc `gekce pgmhgri tgrcpi rgspirctarif `cocm hgetuf faocharcsi. Csulce `imuoci aogl cloi tgrcpi (jisiatgrcpis) ocou `iocedutrfce `gekce `igvcoucsi aogl pgrcwct. ^grcwct `ce jisiatgrcpis mgeioci fgmcduce foige sgbcrc hgrscmc-scmc `ce mgekgmhcekfce tuduce `ce rgebcec puocek ycek mgoihctfce foige `ce fgoucrkc. Rgocie itu, pgrcwct mgruduf foige fg jisiatgrcpis uetuf pgrcwctce oghil dcul. Baetal 4 ^grcwct mgrcwct sgsgarcek ycek mgekcocmci pgeycfit pcru hgrct `ce mgruduf foige tgrsghut pc`c cloi tgrcpis rgspirctarif uetuf hgocdcr octilce uetuf mgekuctfcce mgekuctfcc e atatatat ogekce ctcs, uetuf hgocdcr hckcimcec mgeklgmct gegrki `cocm mgocfufce cftivitcs sglcri-lcri, `ce hgocdcr tgfeif uetuf mgmpgrtclcefce hgrsilce dcoce ecjcs.

8.< Famueifcsi cetcrc ^grcwct `gekce Cloi Jcrmcsi 

Rgarcek cloi jcrmcsi c`cocl sgarcek prajgsiaeco ycek mge`cpct izie uetuf mgrumusfce `ce mge`istrihusifce ahct-ahctce. Cloi jcrmcsi `cpct hgfgrdc lceyc `i rucek jcrmcsi ctcu muekfie dukc tgroihct `cocm faejgrgesi pgrcwctce foige ctcu `cocm pgekgmhcekce sistgm pgmhgrice ahct. ^grcwct mgmioifi pgrce ycek yce k utcmc `cocm mgeiekfctfce `ce mgmpgrtclcefce `gekce mge`araek foige uetuf  pracftij difc mgmhutulfce pgekahctce. @gekce `gmifice, pgrcwct mgmhcetu foige mgmhcekue pgekgrtice ycek hgecr `ce dgocs tgetcek pgekahctce, mgekfaesuotcsifce sgticp ahct ycek `ipgscefce, `ce turut hgrtcekkuek dcwch `cocm pgekcmhioce fgputusce tgetcek pgekahctce hgrscmc tgeckc fgsglctce ocieeyc. ^grcwct lcrus sgocou mgekgtclui fgrdc, gjgf ycek `itudu, `asis ycek tgpct `ce gjgf smcpiek `cri sgmuc ahct-ahctce ycek `ihgrifce. Hioc iejarmcsi iei ti`cf tgrsg`ic `cocm hufu rgjgrgesi stce`cr sgpgrti hufu-tgfs ctcu jarmuoc rumcl scfit, mcfc pgrcwct lcrus hgrfaesuotcsi pc`c cloi jcrmcsi.

32

 

Rcct famueifcsi tgrdc`i mcfc cloi jcrmcsi mgmhgrifce iejarmcsi tgetcek ahctahctce mcec ycek sgsuci `ce `cpct `ibcmpur ctcu ycek `cpct `ihgrifce sgbcrc  hgrscmcce. Fgscoclce pgmhgrice `asis ahct `cpct `ilie`cri hioc hcif pgrcwct `ce cpatgfgr scmc-scmc mgekgtclui `asis ycek `ihgrifce. ^grcwct `cpct mgocfufce  pgekgbgffce uocek `gekce tim mg`is hioc tgr`cpct fgrckuce `gekce fgsgsucice `asis ahct. Rgocie itu, cloi jcrmcsi `cpct mgeycmpcifce pc`c pgrcwct tgetcek ahct ycek `iduco hghcs ycek hioc `ibcmpur `gekce ahct-ahctce ycek `irgsgpfce `cpct  hgrietgrcfsi mgrukifce, sgliekkc iejarmcsieiei `cpct `imcsuffce `cocm rgebcec  pgrsicpce puocek. Rgarcek cloi jcrmcsi c`cocl sgarcek prajgsiaeco ycek mge`cpct izie uetuf mgrumusfce `ce mge`istrihusifce ahct-ahctce. Cloi jcrmcsi `cpct  hgfgrdc lceyc `i rucek jcrmcsi ctcu muekfie dukc tgroihct `cocm faejgrgesi  pgrcwctce foige ctcu `cocm pgekgmhcekce sistgm pgmhgrice ahct. 8.9 Famueifcsi cetcrc ^grcwct `gekce Cloi Kizi.

Fgsglctce `ce kizi mgrupcfce jcftar pgetiek fcrgec sgbcrc oceksuek  hgrpgekcrul tgrlc`cp fucoitcs sumhgr `cyc mceusic (R@M). ^gocycece kizi `i XR mgrupcfce lcf sgticp arcek `ce mgmgroufce pg`amce ckcr tgrbcpci pgocycece ycek hgrmutu. Ckcr pgmgeulce kizi pcsige pcsige `cpct sgsuci `gekce ycek `ilcrcpfce mcfc pgrcwct lcrus mgekfaesuotcsifce fgpc`c cloi kizi tgetcek  ‒   ahctce ycek `ikuecfce pcsige, difc pgrcwct ti`cf mgekfaeueifcsifceeyc mcfc `cpct tgrdc`i  pgmioilce mcfcece aogl cloi kizi ycek hisc scdc mgeklcmhct chsarhsi `cri ahct tgrsghut. Dc`i `ipgroufceocl famueifcsi `uc crcl ycek hcif cetcrc fg`uc hgocl  pilcf.

8.3>  Famueifcsi Pgrfcit Fcsus ^gmibu

Jafus `cocm sgkmge ma`go famueifcsi fgsglctce `cpct mgoufisfce luhuekce ietgrpgrsaeco `cocm tim fgsglctce. Eartlausg (399.3 Xcpct Pim Fgsglctce

Xcpct tim fgsglctce c`cocl mg`ic famueifcsi cetcrc tim fgsglctce (rcpct muoti`isipoie) uetuf mgmhclcs mcecdgrico rucek uetuf mgmhibcrcfce lco-lco ycek tgrfcit `gekce mcecdgrico.Puduce rcpct tim fgglctce ycitu mgeycmcfce  pgrsgpsi tgrlc`cp iejarmcsi iejarmcsi ycek ycek `i`cpct `cri mcscocl ycek ycek `itgmufce (flususeyc mcscocl mcecdgrico), mgeiekfctfce fgsiecmhuekce pgmhgrice pgocycece fgsglctce, mgekurceki fgscoclce iejarmcsi, `ce mgeiekfctfce faar`iecsi cetcrc cekkatc tim fgsglctce.

8.3>.8 Bcsg baejgrgebg

Faejgrgesi fcsus mgoiputi pgrtgmuce-pgrtgmuce ycek `idc`wcofce sgbcrc rutie (Xgkuocroy Rblg`uog` Rgrigs ar Baejgrgebgs). ^grtgmuce tgrsghut `iocfscecfce lcrice, miekkuce, ctcu huocece uetuf `isfusi tgetcek mcscocl-mcscocl mcecdgmge pcsige spgsijif uetuf mgeiekfctfce pgrcwctce pcsige `cocm sghucl iestitusi. Bcsg baejgrgebg c`cocl `isfusi fgoampaf tim fgsglctce tgetcek fcsus csulce fgpgrcwctce foige ctcu fgoucrkc. Rgticp tim fgsglctce mgmioifi dc`wco bcsg baejgrgebg mcsiek-mcsiek `ce hicsceyc `ic`cfce `uc fcoi ticp huoceeyc. ^gsgrtc bcsg baejgrgebg mgoihctfce tim fgsglctce ycek tgrfcit sgpgrti pgrcwct, `aftgr, ctcu cekkatc prajgsi ocieeyc difc `ipgroufce. [cftu pgrtgmuce `uc fcoi `cocm sghuoce ctcu `isgsucifce `gekce fae`isi ctcu tiekfct urkgesi fcsus, `ce ocmeyc pgrtgmuce tgetctij.

3:

 

Puduce

`ic`cfceeyc

bcsg

baejgrgebg

ycitu

mgekgeco

fcsus

`ce

 pgrmcscoclceeyc, mge`isfusifce fcsus uetuf mgebcri cotgrectij pgeygogscice mcscocl csulce fgpgrcwctce, mgeiekfctfce faar`iecsi `cocm rgebcec pgmhgrice csulce fgpgrcwctce, `ce mgeiekfctfce pgekgtcluce `ce wcwcsce `cocm mgekcekcei fcsus.Bcsg baejgrgebg dukc `ikuecfce uetuf mgekgmhcoifce faejoif `cocm faocharcsi (Creao` & Hakks, 8>>;), ycitu `gekce bcrc mgekutcrcfce ieisictij uetuf mge`isfusifce mcscocl, mgekkuecfce fgtgrcmpioce mge`gekcr cftij, mgeyg`icfce `afumgetcsi `ctc ycek rgogvce tgrlc`cp isu, mgekcdufce rgsaousi, mgebiptcfce ifoim `imcec pcrc pgrtisipce mgmce`cek egkasicsi sghckci sghucl usclc faocharcsi, mgmhuct riekfcsce ycek dgocs tgrlc`cp lcsio jgg`hcbf, mgrgfcm sgmuc fgputusce `cocm sghucl bctctce. Fgkictce bcsg baejgrgebg iei lcrus mgocoui tclcp pgrsicpce sghgoumeyc. ^grcwct @gwi `cpct mgmioil scocl sctu tapif ycek cfce `iscmpcifce `cocm bcsg baejgrgebg. Papif tgrsghut mgoiputi fcsus pcsige hcru, fcsus pcsige ycek ti`cf c`c  pgrfgmhcekce, fcsus pcsige puocek, fcsus pcsige ycek mgeiekkco, `ce fcsus  pcsige `gekce ` gekce mcscocl ycek dcrcek `itgmufce. ^gmioilce tapif `cpct `iocfufce `gekce mgekfcdi tgroghil `cluou `ctc-`ctc pcsige ycek sgocmc iei `ipgkcek aogl  pgrcwct Yceti. @gekce `ctc-`ctc tgrsghut, pgrcwct Yceti `cpct mgmhuct suctu cecoisc pgrmcscoclce ycek cfce `iscmpcifce scct bcsg baejgrgebg. Bcsg baejgrgebg sghckci scocl sctu fgkictce pgetiek `cocm prasgs faocharcsi cetcrc tim fgsglctce. Faocharcsi mgrupcfce prasgs fampogfs ycek mgmhutulfce slcriek pgekgtcluce ycek `irgebcecfce `ce mgedc`i tcekkuek dcwch hgrscmc uetuf mgrcwct pcsige. Faocharcsi `cocm bcsg baejgrgebg iei mgoiputi suctu  pgrtufcrce pce`cekce ctcu i`g ycek mgmhgrifce pgrspgftij fgpc`c sgourul faocharctar tgetcek suctu pgrmcscoclce `cocm csulce fgpgrcwctce. Gjgftijitcs luhuekce faocharcsi prajgsiaeco mgmhutulfce mutuco rgspgf hcif sgtudu ctcu fgti`cfsgtuduce ycek `ibcpci `cocm ietgrcfsi tgrsghut. ^crtegrslip faocharcsi mgrupcfce usclc ycek hcif sghch `cpct mgeklcsiofce autbamg ycek oghil hcif  hcki pcsige. 3;

 

8.3>.2 Mgecekcei mcscocl-mcscocl stcj pgrcwct

Ocekfcl-ocekfcl `cocm pgmgbclce mcscocl cetcr fgoampaf pgtukcs fgsglctce 4 Mgekctur pgocfscecce uetuf famueifcsi faocharctij, mgocfufce  pgrtgmuce uetuf mgeyctufce pgrspgftij fgoampaf, mgeki`getijifcsi mcscocl utcmc, mgmioifi tuduce ycek dgocs `ce rgogvce, scoiek mgeklarmcti `ce mgeklcrkci eioci-eioci `ce mcrtchct sgmuc pilcf, cekkatc fgoampaf `cpct  hgrsifcp tgkcs tcpi ti`cf mceipuoctij, hgrsifcp ahdgftij, mge`isfusifce saousi `gekce mgeki`getijifcsi mcejcct/fgfurcekce `cri saousi, mgeklcrkci cotgrectij saousi `gmi fgpgetiekce foige, mgekliebcri situcsi faejoif, mgeklie`cri gmasi, mgmutusfce uetuf mgekimpogmgetcsifce saousi tgrhcif, mgegetufce arcek ycek  hgrtcekkuek dcwch uetuf impogmgetcsi, mgmhcekue kcris wcftu `ce mgta`g gvcoucsi.(Crmao` & Haaks, 8>>;).

8.3>.0 Famueifcsi ietgrpgrsaeco `itgmpct fgrdc ycek muotifuoturco muotifuoturco

Mgoiputi vgrhco, eaevgrhco, `ce mge`gekcr. Famuifcsi eaevgrhco mgoiputi  pgekcturce rucek, oiekfuekce, pgecmpioce, faetcf mctc, pastur tuhul, kgrcf, gfsprgsi, wcftu `ce iscycrct sucrc. Famueifcsi vgrhco `gekce priocfu csgrtij, sg`cekfct famueifcsi `icm `gekce mgedc`i pge`gekcr ycek hcif `gekce mgeyc`cri pgekcocmce, sifcp ycek mgpgekcruli `cocm mgmprgsgpsifce pgsce.

8.3>.7 Lcmhctce ocie `cocm hgrfamueifsi `gekce Pim Fgsglctce Ocieyc

mgedc`i gmasiaeco `cripc`c hgrjafus pc`c mcscocl, mgeycoclfce arcek ocie, tgrtutup `ce ti`cf mgeklcrkci sgrtc mgmclcmi mgmclc mi pgrspgftij arcek ocie. ( Creao` & Hakks, 8>>;).  8>>;). 

3<

 

HCH III ^GEWPW^ 2.3 Fgsimpuoce

@cocm

mgocfscecfce

tukcseyc,

pgrcwct

ti`cf

`cpct

hgfgrdc

tcepc

 hgrfaocharcsi `gekce prajgsi p rajgsi ocie. ^rajgsi ocie tgrsghut `icetcrceyc c`cocl `aftgr, cloi kizi, cpatgfgr `sh. Rgticp tgeckc prajgsi tgrsghut mgmpueyci tcekkuek dcwch tgrlc`cp fgsglctce pcsige. Hioc sgticp prajgsi tgocl `cpct scoiek mgeklcrkci, mcfc luhuekce fgrdc scmc cfce `cpct tgrdcoie `gekce hcif. Rgocie itu pgrcwct dukc mgmpueyci tcekkuek dcwch uetuf4 3.  ^grcwct sgeceticsc mgmgoilcrc luhuekce hcif cetcrc sgscmc pgrcwct `ce `gekce tgeckc fgsglctce ocieeyc, hcif `cocm mgmgoilcrc fgrclcsicce sucscec sucsc ec oiekfuekce fgrdc mcupue `cocm mgebcpci tuduce pgocycece fgsglctce sgbcrc mgeygourul. 8.  ^grcwct

sgeceticsc

mgeyghcroucsfce

pgekgtcluce,

fgtgrcmpioce

`ce

 pgekcocmceeyc fgpc`c sgscmc pgrcwct sgrtc mgegrimc pgekgtcluce `ce  pgekcocmce `cri prajgsi ocie `cocm rcekfc mgeiekfctfce fgmcmpuce `cocm  hi`cek fgpgrcwctce. 2.  ^grcwct mgrupcfce fgsctuce ietgkrco `gekce tgeckc fgsglctce ocieyc ycek tcf  hisc `ipiscl ‒  `ipiscl ‒  pisclfce  pisclfce `ce `isge`irifce. Rgliekkc famueifcsi sghckci `cscr pgmhgetuf luhuekce ycek hcif lcrus `itgfcefce pc`c sgticp tim fgsglctce sghckci upcyc ycek hgrjafus pc`c  pgeiekfctce mutu pgocycece `ce `grcdct fgsglctce mcsycrcfct.

39

 

@CJPCX ^WRPCFC

Creao`,G.B,&Hakks.F.W.(8>>;). Ietgrpgrsaeco  Ietgrpgrsaeco Xgoctiaeslip4 ^rajgssiaeco Bammueibctiae  sfioos jar Eursgs.(7 Eursgs.(7 tl g`.). Rt Oauis 4 Gosgivgr. Fazigr,Hcrhcrc.(8>>0). Jue`cmgetcos  Jue`cmgetcos Aj Eursiek4 baebgpts, prabgss, ce` prcbtibg (; tl g`.). Egw Dgrsgy 4 ^gcrsae Frcmgr, Mcrogeg.(8>>3>). Ogc`grslip  Ogc`grslip 4 Plgary ce` ^rcbtibg.( 7 tl g`.). WRC 4 RCKG ^attgr & ^grry. (8>>9). Jue`cmgetco  Jue`cmgetco fgpgrcwctce (; tl g`.).(vaos 8.). `r C`riec &mcriec,  pgegrdgmcl). Dcfcrtc 4 Rcogmhc Mg`ifc. Rtucrt.K.[.,&Ocrcic.,M.P.(8>>7). ^riebipogs  ^riebipogs ce` ^rcbtibg Aj psyblictrib eursiek .(< .(< tl g`.).Rt Oauis 4 MARHY [LA(3999). Mcecdgmge  Mcecdgmge ^gocycece Fgsglctce ^rimgr.(8 ^rimgr.(8 tl g`). (`r.^apy Fumcocscri, ^gegrdgmcl).Dcfcrtc 4 GKB Bappgrce`Ba.(Mcrgt, 8>32).Famueifcsi ^grcwct @gekce Pgeckc Fgsglctce. Hcsufi. 8>>>:. Jue`cmgetco Fgpgrcwctce Faesgp, ^rasgs, `ce ^rcftif. Dcfcrtc 4 GKB

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