Makalah Keperawatan Gerontik.

 

BNCN@NG CI[I]NXNUNL HI]FLUJC  UILUNLH CFLQI[ ENQN] CI[I]NXNUNL HI]FLUJC 

EJQYQYL F@IG ? >. J]BN J]BN XJ@ XJ@JQ JQ >8> >8>;> ;>;9 ;9;> ;>9 9 =. QZND QZND]J ]JLN LN ZF@N ZF@NLE LEN N >8>;>; >8>;>;9;8 9;8= = 1. ]NUJG ]NUJG CN]UJC CN]UJCN]N N]NGNZ GNZY Y >;>;9;> >;>;9;>;= ;= 5. NHYL NHYLH H BY@JN BY@JN >7 >7>; >;>;9 >;9;;> ;;> 9. NDJDN NDJDNG G ]NGBN ]NGBNEG EGNL NLJJ >7>;>; >7>;>;9;; 9;;= = 4. NLLJQN NLLJQN ]ION ]ION ]NGNZY ]NGNZY >7>;>;9 >7>;>;9;;1 ;;1 8. NLHH NLHHYL YL BN] BN]QG QGN N >7>; >7>;>; >;9;; 9;;5 5

EFQIL [IBMJBMJLH ? Ls. @iejn ]istjpn, B.Cip

[]FH]NB QUYEJ CI[I]NXNUNL QICF@NG UJLHHJ J@BY CIQIGNUNL N@JDNG [NENLH  

UNGYL NON]NL =;=;/=;=>

 

CNUN [ILHNLUN] 

[uoj syucur cjtn pnlontcnl ntns cignejrnt N``ng QXU Uugnl ynlh Bngn Isn, mircnt cnruljnn enl pirtf`flhnllyn cnrulj pirtf`flhnllyn `ng sigjlhhn Bncn`ng Bncn`ng Cipirnwntnl Cipirnwntnl hirfltjc tiltnlh cflsip ensnr  cipirnwntnl hirfltjc. Bncn`ng jlj ejsusul mirensnrcnl ridirilsj enrj mimirnpn mucu enl biejn jltirlit eilhnl gnrnpnl enpnt mirbnldnnt enl bilonej piefbnl mnhj pnrn pibmnan sicn`jnl. Yanpnl tirjbn cnsjg tnc `upn snyn tuturcnl simnlync-mnlynclyn cipnen sibun pjgnc  ynlh ti`ng bibmnltu ci`nlanrnl pilyusulnl bncn`ng jlj.Qibfhn N``ng swt bibmn`ns sihn`n cimnjcnl snuenrn sicn`jnl. [ilu`jss bilynenrj [ilu`j bilynenrj bncn`ng jlj bnsjg mnlync cisn`ngnl enl cicurnlhnl, cicurnlhnl, mnjc en`nb pilu`jsnl pilu`jsnl bnupul jldfrbnsj ynlh tircnleulh ej en`nb bncn`ng jlj, bilhjlhnt ncnl cibnbpunl ynlh  pilu`js bj`jcj, f`ig cnriln jtu eilhnl sihn`n cirilengnl enl tnlhnl tirmucn pilu`js bilhgnrnp bilhgn rnpcnl cnl crjtjc crjtjc bnupul bnupul snrnl snrnl ynlh ynlh bibmnl bibmnlhul hul eibj eibj pirmnj pirmnjcnl cnl enl cisibp cisibpurl urlnnl nnl bncn`ng jlj simnhnj tultulnl nhnr bncn`ng jlj cieipnllyn enpnt `imjg mnjc `nhj. Ncgjr cntn sibfhn bntirj jlj enpnt mirbnldnnt enl bilonej submnlhnl pibjcjrnl mnhj  pjgnc ynlh bibmutugcnl, cgususlyn mnhj pilu`js sigjlhhn tuounl ynlh ejgnrnpcnl enpnt tiranpnj, Nbjl..

 

 

[nenlh, => Qiptibmir =;=>

[ilu`js

 

ENDUN] JQJ CNUN [ILHNLUN]……………………………………………………………..j MNM > [ILENGY@YNL ……………………………………………….………..jj N.  @ntnr Mi`ncnlh……………………………………………………….………..1 M.  ]ubusnl Bnsn`ng……………………………………………………………..1 A.  Uuounl………………………………………………………………….………5 E. Bnldnnt…………………………………………………………………………5 MNM = [IMNGNQNL……………………………………………………….……..4 N.  [ilhirtjnl Cipirnwntnl Hirfltjc…………………………………………..4 M.  Uuounl Cipirnwntnl Hirfltjc……………………………………………….8 A.  Dulhsj [irnwnt Hirfltjc……………………………………………………..7 E.  [irnl [irnwnt Hirfltjc……………………………………………………….: I.  Bnsn`ng Cisigntnl [nen @nlsjn……………………………………………..>> D.  Bjtfs [nen @nlsjn……………………………………………………………..>9 H.  [ileicntnl pnen @nlsjn………………………………………………………>4 G.  Uibpnt [ibmirjnl [i`nynlnl Mnhj @nlsjn…………………………………..>8 Mnm JJJ [ILYUY[…………………………………………………………………=> N.  Cisjbpu`nl………………………………………………………………….…=> M.  Qnrnl…………………………………………………………………………...=>

 

MNM J [ILENGY@YNL

N.  @ntnr Mi`ncnlh

[rfsis bilun (nhjlh) birupncnl birupncnl suntu pirumngnl prfhrisjd prfhrisjd pnen frhnljsbi ynlh ti`ng ti`ng bilanpnj cibntnlhnl jltrjlsjc enl mirsjdnt jrrivirsjmi` sirtn bilulouccnl nenlyn cibuleurnl sion`nl eilhnl wnctu enl prfsis n`nbj ynlh ejsirtnj eilhnl nenlyn pilurulnl cflejsj djsjc,  psjcf`fhjs bnupul sfsjn` sirtn sn`jlh mirjltirncsj mirjltirncsj sntu snbn `njl. [rfsis bilun ynlh tironej pnen `nlsjn `nl sjn sianrn sianrn `jlji `jljirr enpnt enpnt ejhnbm ejhnbmnrc nrcnl nl bi`n`u bi`n`ujj tjhn tjhn tngnp tngnp ynjtu, ynjtu, ci` ci`ibn ibngnl gnl (jbpnj (jbpnjrbi rbilt) lt),, citirmntnsnl dulhsjfln` (dulatjfln` `jbjtntjfls), citjencbnbpunl (ejsnmj`jty), enl citirgnbmntnl (gnlejanp) ynlh ncnl ejn`nbj mirsnbnnl eilhnl prfsis cibuleurnl. Nenn mi Ne mimir mirnp npnn gn gn`` yn ynlh lh pi pir` r`u u ej`n ej`ncu cucn cnl l en en`n `nb b pi`ny pi`nynln nlnl l `n `nls lsjn jn,, ynjtu ynjtu pi pi`n `nynl ynlnl nl cf cfls lsu` u`tn tnsj sj,, pi`ny pi`nynln nlnl l biej biejns nsj, j, en enl l pi pi`n `nynl ynlnl nl nevfc nevfcns nsj. j. [i [i`n `nyn ynln lnl l jl jljj tj tjen enc c `n `njl jl ul ultu tuc  c  biljlhcntcnl tnrnd biljlhcntcnl tnrnd cisiongtirn cisiongtirnnl nl `nlsjn, biwuuouecnl biwuuouecnl cibnlejrjnl cibnlejrjnl usngn sfsjn` sfsjn` icflfbj `nlsjn. Bilhjlhnt prfyicsj pileueuc `nlsjn pnen tngul =;=; ncnl biljlhcnt bilonej >>,18 %  pileueuc Jleflisjn, bncn cipirnwntnl hirfltjc bibj`jcj pftilsj ciron ynlh aucup misnr ej bnsn bilentnlh. [irnwnt pir`u bibmuenyncnl bibmuenyncnl cihjntnl cihjntnl pili`jtjnl pili`jtjnl enl pibnldnntnl pibnldnntnl gnsj`gnsj`lyn en`nb prnctjc c`jljc cipirnwntnl ultuc bibpirsjnpcnl pi`nynlnl ynlh prjbn. [rnctjc  ynlh mirsjdnt ivjeilai-mnsie gnrus ejmunt simnhnj mnhjnl jltihrn` enrj cimjoncnl frhnljsntfrjs  pi`nynlnl cisigntnl pnen sibun tjlhcntnl nhnr `nlhcng-`nlhcng tirsimut enpnt ejnp`jcnsjcnl ul ultu tuc c bilj biljlh lhcnt cntcn cnl l cjli cjliro ronn pi`ny pi`nynln nlnl l ci cisi sign gntn tnl l ti tirs rsim imut ut.. Muen Muenyn yn j` j`bj bjng ng ou ouhn hn enpnt enpnt ejbnldnntcnl simnhnj strntihj ncultnmj`jtns pum`jc, oustjdjcnsj tjlencnl cipirnwntnl, enl mngnl  pilhnbmj`nl ciputusnl.

M.  ]ubusnl Bnsn`ng

>.  Npn pilhirtjnl cipirnwntnl hirfltjc6 =.  Npn tuounl enrj cipirnwntnl hirfltjc6 1.  Npn dulhsj enrj pirnwnt hirfltjc6 5.  Npn pirnl enrj pirnwnt hirfltjc6 9.  Npn bnsn`ng cisigntnl pnen `nlsjn6

 

4.  Npn snon pileicntnl ynlh enpnt ejhulncnl6 8.  Npn snon bfei` cflsiptun` hirfltjc bilurut pnrn ng`j6

A.  Uuounl

>.  Yltuc bilhitnguj eidiljsj hirfltjc  =.  Yltuc bilhitnguj tuounl enrj cipirnwntnl hirfltjc  1.  Yltuc bilhitnguj dulhsj enrj pirnwnt hirfltjc  5.  Yltuc bilhitnguj pirnl enrj pirnwnt hirfltjc  9.  Yltuc bilhitnguj bfei` cflsiptun` en`nb cipirnwntnl hirfltjc bilurut pnrn ng`j

 E. Bnldnnt

>.  [ibmnan enpnt bilhitnguj jldfrbnsj tiltnlh cipirnwntnl hirfltjc  =.  [ir [irnwnt nwnt enpnt enpnt bilhit bilhitngu ngujj anrn anrn ntnu ntnu `nlhcn `nlhcng g ynlh enpnt enpnt ej`ncu ej`ncucnl cnl en`nb en`nb bibmir bibmirjcn jcnl l nsugnl cipirnwntnl mnhj `nlsjn

 

MNM JJ [IBMNGNQNL

N.  [ilhirtjnl Cipirnwntnl Hirfltjc 

Cipirn Cip irnwnt wntnl nl ynlh mircin mircing`j g`jnl nl cgusus cgusus birnwn birnwntt `nlsjn `nlsjn ejmirj ejmirj lnbn lnbn ultuc ultuc pirtnb pirtnbnn cn`jly cn`jlynn simnhnj cipirnwntnl hirjntrja (Imirsf`i it n`, =;;9). Lnbul, pnen tngul >:84, lnbn tirsimut ejhnlt ejh nltjj eilhnl eilhnl hirflt hirfltf`f f`fhjan hjan`. `. Hirflt Hirfltf`f f`fhj hj mirnsn mirnsn`` enrj enrj cntn cntn hirfs hirfs ynlh mirnrt mirnrtjj `nlout `nlout usjn usjn en enl l `fhf `fhfss mi mirn rnrt rtjj j`bu j`bu.. Hirfl Hirfltf tf`f `fhj hj ne nen` n`ng ng j`bu j`bu yn ynlh lh bibp bibpi` i`non nonrj rj ti tilt ltnl nlh h `n `nlo lout ut us usjn jn eilhnl bnsn`ng-bns bnsn`ng-bnsn`ng n`ng ynlh tironej tironej pnen `nlsjn `nlsjn ynlh bi`jputj bi`jputj nspic mjf`fhjs, sfsjf`fhj sfsjf`fhjs, s,  psjcf`fhjs, enl icflfbj. Hirfltf`fhj birupncnl pileicntnl j`bjng (sajiltjdja npprfnag) tirgnenp mirmnhnj nspic en`nb prfsis pilunnl (Unbgir&Lffrcnsjnlj, =;;:). Bilurut Bj``ir  (=;;5), hirfltf`fhj birupncnl anmnlh j`bu yh bibpi`nonrj prfsis bnlunl enl bnsn`ng yh bulhcjl tironej pnen `nlsjn. Hirjntrjc nen`ng sn`ng sntu anmnlh enrj hirfltf`fhj enl biejs ynlh bibpi`nonrj cgusus nspic cisigntnl enrj usjn `nlout, mnjc ynlh ejtjlonu enrj sihj prfbftfd,  priviltjd, curntjd, bnupul rignmj`jtntjd ynlh bilancup cisigntnl mnenl, ojwn, enl sfsjn`, sirtn  pilyncjt anant (Unbgir&Lffrcnsjnlj, =;;:). Qienlhcnl cipirnwntnl hirfltjc nen`ng jstj`ng ynlh ejajptncnl f`ig @nurji Hultir enl Anrbil Istis pnen tngul >:8: ultuc bilhhnbmnrcnl mjenlh jlj. Lnbul jstj`ng cipirnwntnl hirfltjc  sueng onrnlh ejtibucnl ej `jtirnturi (Imirsf`i it n`, =;;9). Hirfltja lursjlh mirfrjiltnsj pnen `nls `n lsjn jn,, bi`j bi`jpu putj tj si silj lj,, bi birn rnwn wnt, t, enl bilhg bilhgjm jmur ur.. Js Jstj tj`n `ng g jl jljj mi mi`u `ub b ej ejti tirj rjbn bn si sianr anrnn `u `uns ns,, titnpj mimirnpn frnlh bibnlenlh gn` jlj `imjg spisjdjc. Bilurut Luhrfgf (=;;4), hirfltjc  nen`ng sihn`n sisuntu ynlh mirgumulhnl eilhnl `nlout usjn eilhnl sihn`n pirbnsn`ngnllyn,  mnjc en`nb e n`nb cinennl signt bnupul bnupu l sncjt. Bilurut pnrn ng`j, jstj`ng ynlh pn`jlh bilhhnbmnrcnl bilhh nbmnrcnl cipirn cip irnwnt wntnl nl pnen `nlsnj `nlsnj nen`ng nen`ng hirflt hirfltf`f f`fhja hjan` n` lursjl lursjlh h cnriln cnriln `imjg `imjg bilicn bilicnlcnl lcnl cipinen cipinen cisigntnl citjbmnlh pilyncjt. Bilurut Cfzjir (>:78), cipirnwntnl hirfltjc nen`ng prnctic   pirnwntnl ynlh mircnjtnl eilhnl pilyncjt pnen prfsis bilun. Bilurut @uiacirftti (=;;;) cipirn cip irnwnt wntnl nl hirflt hirfltjc jc nen`ng nen`ng j`bu j`bu ynlh bibpi` bibpi`non nonrj rj tiltnl tiltnlh h pirnwn pirnwntnl tnl pnen `nlsjn `nlsjn ynlh ynlh  mirdfcus pnen pilhcnojnl cisigntnl enl stntus dulhsjfln`, pirilanlnnl, jbp`ibiltnsj sirtn ivn`unsj.

 

M.  Uuounl Cipirnwntnl Hirfltjc 

 Nenpul tuounl enrj hirfltf`fhj nen`ng (Bnrynb, =;;7)? >. 

Bibmnltu jlejvjeu `nlout usjn bibngnbj nenlyn pirumngnl pnen ejrjlyn mircnjtnl eilhnl

 prfsis pilunnl =. 

Bibpir Bib pirtng tngnlcn nlcnl, l, bibi`j bibi`jgnr gnrn, n, enl biljlh biljlhcnt cntcnl cnl eirnon eirnontt cisign cisigntnl tnl `nlout `nlout usjn usjn mnjc  mnjc 

 onsbnlj, rfgnlj, bnupul sfajn` sianrn fptjbn` 1. 

Bibftjvnsj enl bilhhirnccnl bnsynrncnt en`nb upnyn biljlhcntcnl cisiongtirnnl `nlout

usjn 5. 

Bibilugj cimutugnl `nlout usjn signrj-gnrj

9. 

Bilhibmn`jcnl cibnbpunl bi`ncucnl nctjvjtns signrj-gnrj

4. 

Bibpiraipnt pibu`jgnl ntnu pilyibmugnl pilyncjt

8. 

Biljlhcntcnl butu cigjeupnl ultuc bilanpnj bnsn tun ynlh mngnhjn enl mirhuln en`nb

cigjeupnl ci`unrhn enl bnsynrncnt, sisunj eilhnl cimirnennllyn en`nb bnsynrncnt

Uuounl enrj hirjntrjc bilurut Bnrynb (=;;7) nen`ng simnhnj mirjcut? >. 

Bibpirtngn Bibpi rtngnlcnl lcnl eirnont eirnont cisigntnl cisigntnl pnen `nlout `nlout usjn pnen tnrnd ynlh sitjlhhj-t sitjlhhj-tjlhhjl jlhhjlyn yn

sigjlhhn tirgjlenr enrj pilyncjt ntnu hnlhhunl =. 

Bibi`jgnrn cflejsj cisigntnl eilhnl nctjajtns djsjc enl biltn`

1. 

Birnlhsnlh pnrn pituhns cisigntnl ultuc enpnt bilhiln` enl bilihnccnl ejnhlfsjs ynlh

tipnt enl ejlj mj`n biricn bilibucnl ci`njlnl tirtiltu 5. 

Bilanrj upnyn sibncsjbn` bulhcjl nhnr pnrn `nlout usjn ynlh bileirjtn suntu pilyncjt

ntnu ntn u hnlhhun hnlhhunl, l, bnsjg bnsjg enpnt enpnt bibpir bibpirtng tngnlcn nlcnl l cimimns cimimnsnl nl ynlh ynlh bnc bncsjb sjbn` n` tnlpn tnlpn pir`u pir`u suntu suntu  pirtf`flhnl (bibi`jgnrn cibnlejrjnl sianrn bncsjbn`) 9. 

Mj`n pnrn `nlout usjn sueng tjenc enpnt ejsibmugcnl enl mj`n biricn sueng snbpnj pnen

stneju stn ejub b tirbjl tirbjln`, n`, j`bu j`bu jlj bilhno bilhnonrc nrcnl nl ultuc ultuc titnp titnp bibmir bibmirjj mnltun mnltunl l ynlh sjbpnt sjbpntjc jc enl  pirnwntnl eilhnl pilug pilhirtjnl (en`nb ncgjr gjeuplyn, bibmirj mnltunl bfrn` enl  pirgntjnl ynlh bncsjbn` sigjlhhn cibntjnllyn mir`nlhsulh eilhnl tilnlh).

Uuounl Uuoun l cipirnwntnl cipirnwntnl hirfltjc nen`ng nen`ng bibilugj bibilugj cilynbnlnl cilynbnlnl `nlsjn, `nlsjn, bibpirtngnlcn bibpirtngnlcnl l dulhsj tumug, sirtn bibmnltu `nlsjn bilhgnenpj cibntjnl eilhnl tilnlh enl enbnj bi`n`uj j`bu enl ticljc cipirnwntnl hirfltjc (Bnrynb, =;;7).

 

A.  Dulhsj [irnwnt Hirfltjc 

[irnwnt bibj`jcj mnlync dulhsj en`nb bibmirjcnl pi`nynlnl prjbn en`nb mjenlh hirfltjc. Bilurut I`jfpfu`us (=;;9), dulhsj enrj pirnwnt hirfltf`fhj nen`ng ? >. 

Hujei pirsfls fd n`` nhis tfwnre n gin`tgy nhjlh prfaiss (bibmjbmjlh frnlh pnen sihn`n

usjn ultuc bilanpnj bnsn tun ynlh signt) =. 

I`jbjlnti nhijsb (bilhgj`nlhcnl pirnsnnl tncut tun)

1. 

]ispiat tgi tjhgt fd f`eir neu`ts nle ilsuri ftgir ef tgi snbi (bilhgfrbntj gnc frnlh

ynlh `imjg tun enl bibnstjcnl ynlh `njl `njl bi`ncucnl gn` ynlh snbn) 5. 

Fvirsi nle prfbfti tgi qun`jty fd sirvjai ei`jviry (bibnltnu enl bilefrflh cun`jtns

 pi`nynlnl) 9. 

 Lftjai nle rieuai rjscs tf gin`tg nle wi`` mijlh (bibirgntjcnl sirtn bilhurnhj risjcf

tirgnenp cisigntnl enl cisiongtirnnl) 4. 

Uinag nle suppfrt anrihjvis (bilejejc enl bilefrflh pibmirj pi`nynlnl cisigntnl)

8.  Fp Fpil il ag agnl nlli` li`ss si`nloutlyn)

dfr dfr

afltj afltjlu luie ie hrfw hrfwtg tg (bib (bibmu mucn cn ci cisi sibp bpnt ntnl nl ultuc ultuc pi pirt rtub ubmug mugnl nl

7. 

@jstil nle suppfrt (bileilhnrcnl enl bibmir euculhnl)

:. 

Fddir fptjbjsb, ilafurnhibilt nle gfpi (bibmirjcnl sibnlhnt, euculhnl, enl gnrnpnl)

>;.  Hi Hili lirn rnti ti,,

supp suppfr frt, t,

us usi, i,

nl nle e

pn pnrt rtja jajp jpnt ntii

jl

ri risi sinr nrag ag (bil (bilhg hgns nsj` j`cn cnl, l,

bile bileuc ucul ulh, h,

bilhhulncnl, enl mirpnrtjsjpnsj en`nb pili`jtjnl) >>.  Jbp`ibilt ristfrntjvi nle rignmj`jtntjvi binsuris (bi`ncucnl pirnwntnl ristfrntjvi enl rignmj`jtntjvi) >=.  Affrejlnti nle bnlnhie anri (bilhffrejlnsj enl bilhntur pirnwntnl) >1.  Nssis, p`nl, jbp`ibilt, nle ivn`unti anri jl nl jlejvjeun`jzie, gf`jstja bnlir (bilhcnoj, birila bir ilanlnc nlncnl, nl, bi`ncs bi`ncsnln nlncnl, cnl, enl bilhivn bilhivn`un `unsj sj pirnwn pirnwntnl tnl jlejvj jlejvjeu eu enl pirnwn pirnwntnl tnl sianrn sianrn bilyi`urug) >5.  @jlc sirvjai wjtg liies (bibmirjcnl pi`nynlnl sisunj cimutugnl) >9.   Lurtuiri dutui hirfltf`fhjan` lursis dfr nevnlaibilt fd tgi spiajn`jty (bibmnlhul bnsn eipnl pirnwnt hirfltjc ultuc bilonej ng`j ejmjenlhlyn) >4.  Yleirs Yleirstnle tnle tgi uljqui pgysjan`, pgysjan`, ibftj ibftjan`, an`, sfajn`, sfajn`, spjrjtun` spjrjtun` nspiat fd inag ftgir (sn`jlh (sn`jlh bibngnbj ciuljcnl pnen nspic djsjc, ibfsj, sfajn`, enl spjrjtun`)

 

>8.  ]iafhljzi nle ilafurnhi tgi npprfprjnti bnlnhibilt fd itgjan` aflairl (bilhiln` enl bileuculh bnlnoibil itjcn ynlh sisunj eilhnl tibpntlyn miciron) >7.  Quppfrt nle afbdfrt tgrfuhg tgi eyjlh prfaiss (bibmirjcnl euculhnl enl cilynbnlnl en`nb bilhgnenpj prfsis cibntjnl) >:.  Ieuanti tf prfbfti si`d anri nle fptjbn` jleipileilai (bilhnonrcnl ultuc biljlhcntcnl  pirnwntnl bnlejrj enl cimimnsnl ynlh fptjbn`)

E.  [irnl [irnwnt Hirfltjc 

[irnl pirnwnt hirfltjc sianrn hnrjs misnr enpnt ejhf`flhcnl bilonej eun bnanb, ynjtu pirnl sianrn ubub enl pirnl spisjn`js. [irnl sianrn ubub ynjtu pnen mirmnhnj sittjlh, sipirtj rubng sncjt, rubng, lursjlh gfbi, cfbuljtns, eilhnl bilyiejncnl pirnwntnl cipnen jlejvjeu enl ci`unrhnlyn (Giss, Ufugy, & Oitt, =;;9). [irnwnt miciron ej mirmnhnj bnanb miltuc pi`nynlnl enl miciron miciron snbn snbn eilhnl eilhnl pnrn pnrn ng`j ng`j en`nb en`nb pirnwnt pirnwntnl nl c`jil c`jil bu`nj bu`nj enrj enrj pirila pirilanln nlnnl nl gjlhhn gjlhhn ivn`unsj. [irnl sianrn spisjn`js tirmnhj bilonej eun bnanb ynjtu pirnwnt hirfltjc spisjn`js c`jljs/hirf c`jlj s/hirfltf`f ltf`fhjan` hjan` a`jljan` a`jljan` lursi spiajn`js spiajn`jstt (ALQ) enl pirnwnt pirnwnt hirfltjc hirfltjc pi`ncsnln/hirj pi`ncsnln/hirjntrja ntrja lursi prnatjtjflir (HL[). [irnl ALQ ynjtu pirnwnt c`jljs sianrn `nlhsulh, pilejejc, bnlnoir   pirnwnt, nevfcnt, bnlnoibil cnsus, enl pili`jtj en`nb pirilanlnnl pirnwntnl ntnu biljlhcntcnl cun`jtns pirnwntnl mnhj c`jil `nlsjn enl ci`unrhnlyn pnen sittjlh rubng sncjt, dnsj`jtn dnsj `jtnss pirnwntnl pirnwntnl onlhcn pnlonlh, pnlonlh, futrinag futrinag prfhrnbs, prfhrnbs, enl jleipileilt jleipileilt aflsu`tnlt. aflsu`tnlt. Qienlhcnl Qienlhcnl  pirnl HL[ ynjtu bibilugj cimutugnl c`jil pnen enirng pien`nbnl3 bi`ncucnl jltirvilsj ultuc ult uc prfbfs prfbfsjj cisignt cisigntnl, nl, bibpir bibpirtng tngnlcn nlcnl, l, enl bilhib bilhibmn` mn`jcn jcnl l stntus stntus cisignt cisigntnl nl c`j c`jil3 il3 bnlnoi bnl noibil bil cnsus, cnsus, enl nevfcnt nevfcnt pnen sittj sittjlh lh c`jljc c`jljc nbmu`n nbmu`ntfr tfrj, j, dnsj`j dnsj`jtns tns onlhcn onlhcn pnlonlh, pnlonlh, enl jleipileilt prnatjai. Gn` jlj siejcjt mirmien eilhnl pirnl pirnwnt hirfltjc spisjn`js c`jljs. [irnwnt hirfltjc spisjn`js c`jljs bibj`jcj pirnl, ejnltnrnlyn? n)  [rfvjeir fd anri [irnwnt c`jljs bi`ncucnl pirnwntnl `nlhsulh cipnen c`jil, mnjc ej rubng sncjt eilhnl cflejsj ncut, rubng pirnwntnl, enl dnsj`jtns pirnwntnl onlhcn pnlonlh. @nlsjn mjnsnlyn bibj`jcj hion`n ynlh tjenc `nzjb ynlh bibmunt rubjt ejnhlfsi enl pirnwntnllyn. Bncn pirnwnt c`jljs pir`u bibngnbj bibng nbj tiltnlh prfsis prfsis pilyncjt enl sjlerfb sjlerfb ynlh mjnsnlyn mjnsnlyn bulau` ej usjn `nlout tirbnsuc  tirbnsuc  dnctfr risjcf, tnlen enl hion`n, tirnpj biejcnsj, rignmj`jtnsj, enl pirnwntnl ej ncgjr gjeup.  m)  [ili`jtj

 

@ivi` @iv i` ynlh sisunj sisunj ultuc ultuc bi`ncuc bi`ncucnl nl pili`j pili`jtjn tjnl l nen`ng nen`ng `ivi` `ivi` Q= ntnu ntnu mnaan`n mnaan`nuri urinti nti `ivi`. `ivi`. Uuounll Uuo unllyn yn nen`ng nen`ng biljlh biljlhcnt cntcnl cnl cun`jtn cun`jtnss pirnwn pirnwntnl tnl c`jil c`jil eilhnl eilhnl bitfei bitfei ivjeila ivjeilaii mnsie mnsie  prnatjai. [ili`jtjnl ej`ncucnl eilhnl bilhjcutj `jtirnturi tirmnru, bibmnanlyn, enl bibprncticcnl pili`jtjnl ynlh enpnt ejpiranyn enl vn`je. Qienlhcnl pirnwnt ynlh mirnen pnen `ivi` uleirhrneunt uleirhrneuntii eihriis eihriis enpnt jcut sirtn sirtn en`nb pili`jtjnl pili`jtjnl sipirtj sipirtj bibmnltu bibmnltu bi`ncucnl bi`ncucnl  pilhubpu`nl entn. a)  Bnlnoir [irnwnt Bnlnoir pirnwnt gnrus bibj`jcj cing`jnl en`nb cipibjbpjlnl, bnlnoibil wnctu, bibmnlhul gumulhnl, cfbuljcnsj, enl bilhntnsj pirumngnl. Qimnhnj cflsu`tnl enl simnhnj rf`i bfei`  mnhj stnd pirnwnt enl bibj`jcj ojwn cipibjbpjlnl en`nb bilhibmnlhcnl enl bi`ncsnlncnl  prfhrnb pirnwntnl cgusus enl prftfcf` ultuc frnlh tun ej rubng sncjt. [irnwnt hirfltjc   mirdfcus pnen piljlhcntnl cun`jtns pirnwntnl enl cun`jtns gjeup ynlh bilefrflh pirnwnt bilirnpcnl pirumngnl jlfvntjd en`nb pibmirjnl nsugnl cipirnwntnl ej pnltj ofbpf enl sittjlh  pirnwntnl onlhcn pnlonlh `njllyn. e)  Nevfcnt [irnwnt bibmnltu `nlsjn en`nb bilhntnsj nenlyn nhijsb ynlh sirjlh tironej ej bnsynrncnt. Nhijsb nen`ng ejscrjbjlnsj ntnu pir`ncunl tjenc nej` mirensnrcnl ubur sisifrnlh. Qirjlhcn`j  pnrn `nlsjn bilenpnt pir`ncunl ynlh tjenc nej` ntnu tjenc nenlyn cisitnrnnl tirgnenp mirmnhnj `nynlnl bnsynrncnt tirbnsuc pnen `nynlnl cisigntnl. Lnbul, pirnwnt hirfltf`fhy gnrus jlhnt  mngwn bilonej nevfcnt tjenc mirnrtj bibmunt ciputusnl ultuc `nlsjn, titnpj bibmir cicuntnl biricn ultuc titnp bnlejrj enl bilonhn bnrtnmnt, biscjpul ej en`nb sjtunsj ynlh su`jt. i)  Ieucntfr  [irnwn [ir nwntt gnrus gnrus bilhnb bilhnbmj` mj` pirnl pirnl pilhno pilhnonrn nrnl l cipnen cipnen `nlsjn `nlsjn,, tir tirutn utnbn bn sigumu sigumulhnl lhnl eilhnl eilhnl bfejdjcnsj en`nb hnyn gjeup ultuc bilhntnsj cflsicuilsj enrj hion`n ntjpjcn` ynlh bilyirtnj usjn tun. [irnwnt gnrus bilhnonrj pnrn `nlsjn tiltnlh piltjlhlyn pibi`jgnrnnl mirnt mnenl, citir`jmntnl mimirnpn oiljs cihjntnl djsjc sipirtj `ntjgnl enl bnlnoibil stris ultuc bilhgnenpj usjn tun eilhnl cihibmjrnnl enl cimngnhjnnl. [irnwnt ouhn gnrus bilejejc `nlsjn tiltnlh anrn enl snrnln snrnln ultuc ultuc bilhur bilhurnlh nlhjj rjsjc rjsjcf f pilyncj pilyncjtt sipirt sipirtjj sirnlhn sirnlhnl l onltul onltulh, h, st strfc rfci, i, ejn ejnmit mitis, is, n`zgijbir, eibiltjn, mngcnl cnlcir. d)  Bftjvntfr 

 

[irnwnt bibmirjcnl euculhnl cipnen `nlsjn ultuc bibpirf`ig cisigntnl fptjbn`, bibi`jgnrn ci cisi sign gntn tnl, l, bili bilirj rjbn bn cf cflej lejsj sjly lyn. n. [i [irn rnwn wntt ouhn ouhn mi mirp rpir irnl nl si simn mnhnj hnj jl jlfv fvnt ntfr fr yn ynclj clj ei eilh lhnl nl bilhibmnlhcnl strntihj ultuc bibprfbfsjcnl cipirnwntnl hirfltjc sirtn bi`ncucnl rjsit/  pili`jtjnl ultuc bilhibmnlhcnl prnctjc cipirnwntnl hirfltjc. h)  Bnlnoir cnsus Bnlnoibil cnsus nen`ng bitfei jltirvilsj `njl ynlh enpnt bilhurnlhj pilurulnl dulhsjfln` c`jil `nlsjn mirjsjcf tjlhhj ejrnwnt ej rubng sncjt. Ybublyn, bnlnoibil cnsus ejsiejncnl mnhj c`jil ynlh bilenpntcnl mirmnhnj pirnwntnl ynlh mirmien.

I.  Bnsn`ng Cisigntnl [nen @nlsjn

[ilnbpj`nl pilyncjt pnen `nlout usjn (`nlsjn) sirjlh mirmien eilhnl pnen eiwnsn buen, cnriln  pilyncjt pnen `nlsjn birupncnl hnmulhnl enrj ci`njlnl-ci`njlnl ynlh tjbmu` ncjmnt pilyncjt enl prfsis bilun, ynjtu prfsis prfsis bilhgj`nlhly bilhgj`nlhlynn sianrn sianrn pir`ngnl-`ng pir`ngnl-`ngnl nl cibnbpunl cibnbpunl onrjlhnl onrjlhnl ul ultu tuc c bibp bibpir irmn mnjc jcjj ejrj ejrj nt ntnu nu bilh bilhhnl hnltj tj ejrj ejrj si sirt rtnn bibp bibpir irtn tngn gnlcn lcnl l st stru ruct ctur ur en enl l du dulh lhsj sj lfrbn`lyn, sigjlhhn tjenc enpnt mirtgnl tirgnenp oions (tirbnsuc jldicsj) enl bibpirmnjcj cirusncnl ynlh ejeirjtn. Eibjcjnl ouhn, bnsn`ng cisigntnl ynlh sirjlh tironej pnen `nlsjn mirmien enrj frnlh eiwnsn, ynlh bilurut Cnli enl Fus`nleir sirjlh ejsimut eilhnl jstj`ng >5 J, ynjtu jbbfmj`jty (curnlh  mirhirnc), jlstnmj`jty (mirejrj enl miron`nl tjenc stnmj` ntnu bueng ontug), jlafltjlilai (misir   munlh

njr

ciaj`

enl

ntnu

munlh

njr

misnr),

jlti``iatun`

jbpnjrbilt

(hnlhhunl

jlti`i jlti`ictun ctun`/e `/eibi ibiltj ltjn), n), jldiat jldiatjfl jfl (jldic (jldicsj) sj),, jbpnjr jbpnjrbil biltt fd vjsjfl vjsjfl nle ginrjl ginrjlh, h, tns tnsti, ti, sbi``, sbi``, af afbb bbul ulja jant ntjf jfl, l,

af aflv lvn` n`is isai aila lai, i,

scjl scjl

jlti jltihr hrjt jty y

(h (hnl nlhh hhun unl l

pn pnla lanj njle leir irn, n,

cf cfbu bulj ljcn cnsj sj,,

 pilyibmugnl, enl cu`jt), jbpnatjfl (su`jt munlh njr misnr), jsf`ntjfl (eiprisj), jlnljtjfl (curnlh hjzj),, jbpiauljty hjzj) jbpiauljty (tjenc (tjenc pulyn unlh), jntrfhilisjs jntrfhilisjs (bileirjt (bileirjtnn pilyncjt pilyncjt ncjmnt ncjmnt fmnt-fmntnl) fmnt-fmntnl),, jlsfbljn (hnlhhunl tjeur), jbbuli eidjajilay (enyn tngnl tumug ynlh bilurul), jbpftilai (jbpftilsj). Bnsn`ng cisigntnl utnbn tirsimut ej ntns ynlh sirjlh tironej pnen `nlsjn pir`u ejciln` enl ejbilh ejb ilhirt irtjj f`ig f`ig sjnpn sjnpn snon snon ynlh mnlync mnlync mirgum mirgumulhn ulhnl l eilhnl eilhnl pirnwn pirnwntnl tnl `nlsjn `nlsjn nhnr nhnr enpnt enpnt bibmirjcnl pirnwntnl ultuc bilanpnj eirnont cisigntnl ynlh sifptjbn` bulhcjl. bulhcjl. Cisigntnl

 

>.  Curnlh mirhirnc? hnlhhunl djsjc, ojwn, enl dnctfr `jlhculhnl enpnt bilyimnmcnl `nlsjn

curnlh mirhirnc. [ilyimnm ynlh pn`jlh sirjlh nen`ng hnlhhunl tu`nlh, silej enl ftft, hnlhhunl snrnd, enl pilyncjt onltulh enl pibmu`ug enrng. =.  Jlstnmj`jtns?  pilyimn pilyimnm m tiront tirontug ug pnen `nlsjn `nlsjn enpnt enpnt mirupn mirupn dnctfr dnctfr jltrjl jltrjlsjc sjc (gn`-g (gn`-gn` n` ynlh

 mircnjtnl eilhnl cinennl tumug pileirjtn) mnjc cnriln prfsis bilun, pilyncjt bnupul dnctfr  icstrjlsjc (gn`-gn` ynlh mirnsn` enrj `unr tumug) sipirtj fmnt-fmnt tirtiltu enl dnctfr `jlhculhnl. Ncjmnt ynlh pn`jlh sirjlh enrj tirontug pnen `nlsjn nen`ng cirusncnl mngnhjnl tirtiltu enrj tumug ynlh bilhncjmntcnl rnsn sncjt, pntng tu`nlh, aieirn pnen cipn`n, `ucn mncnr cnriln njr pnlns ncjmnt

tirontug

ci

en`nb

tibpnt

bnlej.

Qi`njl enrjpnen jtu, tirontug bilyimnmcnl `nlsjn tirsimut snlhnt bibmntnsj pirhirncnllyn. 1.  Misir? misir munlh njr ciaj` (mnc) birupncnl sn`ng sntu bnsn`ng ynlh sirjlh ejenpntj pnen

`nlsjn `nl sjn,, ynjtu ynjtu ci`unr ci`unrlyn lyn njr silj silj tnlpn tnlpn ejsnenr ejsnenrj, j, en`nb en`nb oub`ng oub`ng enl cicirnp cicirnpnl nl ynlh ynlh aucup aucup bilhncjmntcnl bnsn`ng cisigntnl ntnu sfsjn`. Misir mnc birupncnl bnsn`ng ynlh sirjlhcn`j ejnlhhnp wnonr enl lfrbn` pnen `nlsjn, wn`nupul similnrlyn gn` jlj tjenc ejcigilencj tironej  mnjc f`ig `nlsjn tirsimut bnupul ci`unrhnlyn. Ncjmntlyn tjbmu` mirmnhnj bnsn`ng, mnjc bnsn`ng cisign cis igntnl tnl bnupul bnupul sfsjn` sfsjn`,, ynlh ynlh cisibu cisibunly nlynn ncnl ncnl bibpir bibpirmur muruc uc cun`jtn cun`jtnss gjeup gjeup enrj enrj `nlsjn `nlsjn tirsimut. @nlsjn eilhnl misir mnc sirjlh bilhurnlhj bjlub eilhnl gnrnpnl ultuc bilhurnlhj ci`ugnl tirsimut, sigjlhhn enpnt bilyimnmcnl `nlsjn cicurnlhnl anjrnl enl ouhn mircurnlhlyn cibnbpunl cnleulh cibjg. Misir mnc sirjlh pu`n ejsirtnj eilhnl misir munlh njr misnr (mnm), ynlh oustru ncnl bibpirmirnt ci`ugnl misir mnc tnej. 5.  Hnlhhu Hnlhhunl nl jlti`ictun`? jlti`ictun`? birupncnl cubpu`nl hion`n c`jljc ynlh bi`jputj hnlhhunl dulhsj

jlti`i jlti`ictun ctun`` enl jlhntn jlhntnl l ynlh ynlh aucup aucup mirnt mirnt sigjlh sigjlhhn hn bilyim bilyimnmcn nmcnl l tir tirhnlh hnlhhuly hulynn nctjvj nctjvjtns tns cigjeupnl cigjeu pnl sgnrj-gnrj. sgnrj-gnrj. Cionejnl jlj biljlhcnt biljlhcnt eilhnl aipnt bu`nj usjn 4; snbpnj snbpnj 79 tngul ntnu `imjg, ynjtu curnlh enrj 9 % `nlsjn ynlh mirusjn 4;-85 tngul bilhn`nbj eibiltjn (cipjculnl  mirnt) sienlhcnl pnen usjn siti`ng 79 tngul cionejnl jlj biljlhcnt bileicntj 9; %. Qn`ng sntu gn` ynlh enpnt bilyimnmcnl hnlhhunl jltir`ictun` nen`ng eiprisj sigjlhhn pir`u ejmiencnl eilhnl hnlhhunl jlti`ictun` `njllyn. 9.  Jldicsj?  birupncnl birupncnl sn`ng sntu bnsn`ng bnsn`ng cisigntnl ynlh piltjlh piltjlh pnen `nlsjn, cnriln si`njl si`njl

sirjlh ejenpntj, ouhn hion`n tjenc cgns mngcnl nsjbtfbntjc ynlh bilyimnmcnl citir`nbmntnl ej en`nb ejnhhlfsjs enl pilhfmntnl sirtn rjsjcf bilonej dntn` biljlhcnt pu`n. Mimirnpn dnctfr  rjsjcf ynlh bilyimnmcnl `nlsjn bueng bilenpnt pilyncjt jldicsj cnriln cicurnlhnl hjzj,

 

cicimn` cic imn`nl nl tumug? tumug?ynlh ynlh biluru bilurul, l, mircur mircurnlh nlhlyn lyn dulhsj dulhsj mirmnh mirmnhnj nj frhnl frhnl tumug, tumug, tir tirenpn enpntly tlynn  mimirnpn pilyncjt sicn`jhus (cfbfrmjejtns) ynlh bilyimnmcnl enyn tngnl tumug ynlh snlhnt  mircurnlh. Qi`njl enrjpnen jtu, dnctfr `jlhculhnl, oub`ng enl cihnlnsnl cubnl ncnl bibpirbueng tumug bilhn`nbj jldicsj. prfsise bilun 4.  Hnlhhu Hnlhhunl nl pnlanjleirn, pnlanjleirn, cfbuljcnsj, cfbuljcnsj, pilyibmugnl, pilyibmugnl, enl cu`jt? ncjmnt prfsise sibun pnlanjleirn mircurnlh dulhsjlyn, eibjcjnl ouhn hnlhhunl pnen ftnc, snrnd enl ftft-ftft ynlh ejhulncnl ultuc mirmjanrn mirmjanrn enpnt bilyimnmcl bilyimnmcl tirhnlhhulyn tirhnlhhulyn cfbuljcnsj, cfbuljcnsj, sienlhcnl sienlhcnl cu`jt bilonej `imjg cirjlh, rnpug enl bueng rusnc eilhnl trnubn ynlh bjljbn`. 8.  Qu Qu`jt `jt munl munlh h njr njr misnr misnr (cfl (cflstj stjpn pnsj) sj)??  mimirnp mimirnpnn dnctfr dnctfr ynlh bibpir bibpirbue bueng ng tir tirone onejlyn jlyn

cflstjpnsj, sipirtj curnlhlyn hirncnl djsjc, bncnlnl ynlh curnlh sicn`j bilhnleulh sirnt, curnlh bjlub, ncjmnt pibmirjnl fmnt-fmnt tirtiltu enl `njl-`njl. Ncjmntlyn, pilhfsflhnl jsj usus bilonej su`jt tironej ntnu jsj usus bilonej tirtngnl. [nen cflstjpnsj, cftfrnl ej en`nb usus bilonej cirns enl cirjlh, enl pnen cinennl ynlh mirnt enpnt tironej ncjmnt ynlh `imjg mirnt  mirupn pilyubmntnl pnen usus ejsirtnj rnsn sncjt pnen enirng pirut. 7.  Eiprisj? pirumngnl pirumngnl stntus stntus sfsjn`, sfsjn`, mirtnbmnglyn mirtnbmnglyn pilyncjt pilyncjt enl mircurnlhlyn mircurnlhlyn cibnlejrjnl cibnlejrjnl

sfsjn` sirtn pirumngnl-pirumngnl ncjmnt prfsis bilun bilonej sn`ng sntu pibjau bulau`lyn eiprisj pnen `nlsjn. Lnbul eibjcjnl, sirjlh sicn`j hion`n eiprisj bilyirtnj pileirjtn eilhnl  pilyncjt-pilyncjt hnlhhunl djsjc, ynlh tjenc enpnt ejcitnguj ntnupul tirpjcjrcnl simi`ublyn, cnriln hion`n-hion`n hion`n-hion`n eiprisj ynlh bulau` sirjlhcn`j sirjlhcn`j ejnlhhnp simnhnj suntu mnhjnl enrj prfsis bilun ynlh lfrbn` ntnupul tjenc cgns. Dion`n-hion`n eiprisj enpnt mirupn pirnsnnl siejg, tjenc   mngnhjn, sirjlh bilnlhjs, bilnlh js, birnsn cisipjnl, tjeur tirhnlhhu, pjcjrnl enl e nl hirncnl tumug `nbmnl, aipnt `i`ng enl bilurullyn nctjvjtns, tjenc nen si`irn bncnl, mirnt mnenl mircurnlh, enyn jlhnt  mircurnlh, su`jt ultuc bibusntcnl pjcjrnl enl pirgntjnl, curnlhlyn bjlnt, gj`nlhlyn cisilnlhnl ynlh mjnsnlyn ejljcbntj, bilyusngcnl frnlh `njl, birnsn rileng ejrj, gnrhn ejrj enl cipiranynnl ejrj mircurnlh, birnsn mirsn`ng enl tjenc mirhuln, tjenc jlhjl gjeup `nhj mngcnl bnu mulug ejrj, enl hion`n-hion`n djsjc `njllyn. Ncnl titnpj pnen `nlsjn sirjlh tjbmu` eiprisj tirsi` tirsi`umu umulh, lh, ynjtu ynjtu ynlh ynlh bilflo bilflof` f` gnly gnlynn hnlhhun hnlhhunl l djs djsjc jc snon snon sipirt sipirtjj sncjt sncjt cipn`n, cipn`n, onltul onltulh h  mireimnr-eimnr, lyirj pjlhhnlh, hnlhhunl pilairlnnl enl `njl-`njl, sienlhcnl hnlhhunl ojwn tjenc oi`ns. :.  Curnlh hjzj? cicurnlhnl hjzj pnen `nlsjn enpnt ejsimnmcnl pirumngnl `jlhculhnl bnupul

cflejsj cisigntnl. Dnctfr `jlhculhnl enpnt mirupn citjenctngunl ultuc bibj`jg bncnlnl ynlh

 

 mirhjzj, jsf`nsj sfsjn` (tirnsjlh enrj bnsynrncnt) tirutnbn cnriln hnlhhunl pnlanjleirn, cibjsc cib jscjln jlnl, l, gjeup gjeup sifrnl sifrnlh h ejrj ejrj ynlh ynlh tirutn tirutnbn bn tirone tironejj pnen pnen prjn prjn ynlh ynlh snlhnt snlhnt tun enl mnru mnru cigj`nlhnl pnsnlhnl gjeup, sienlhcnl dnctfr cflejsj cisigntnl mirupn pilyncjt djsjc, biltn`, hnlhhunl tjeur, n`cfgf`jsbi, fmnt-fmntnl enl `njl-`njl. eilhnl sibncj sibncjl l mirtnb mirtnbmngl mnglyn yn usjn usjn bncn bncn cibnbp cibnbpunl unl djs djsjc jc enl >;.  Uje Ujenc nc pulyn pulyn unlh? unlh? eilhnl biltn` ncnl mircurnlh sianrn pir`ngnl-`ngnl, ynlh bilyimnmcnl citjencbnbpunl tumug en`nb bilhironcnl ntnu bilyi`isnjcnl picironnllyn sigjlhhn tjenc enpnt bibmirjcnl pilhgnsj`nl. Yltuc enpnt biljcbntj bnsn tun ynlh mngnhjn ci`nc ejpir`ucnl pn`jlh siejcjt tjhn synrnt, ynjtu ?bibj`jcj unlh ynlh ejpir`ucnl ynlh pn`jlh siejcjt enpnt bibilugj cimutugnl gjeup signrj-gnrj, bibj`jcj bibj`jcj tibpnt tjlhhn` ynlh `nync, bibpulynj pirnlnl ej en`nb bilon`nlj bnsn tunlyn. >>.  [ilyncjt ncjmnt fmnt-fmntnl? sn`ng sntu ynlh sirjlh ejenpntj pnen `nlsjn nen`ng bileirjtn

 pilyncjt `imjg enrj sntu oiljs sigjlhhn bibmutugcnl fmnt ynlh yn lh `imjg mnlync, npn`nhj simngnhjnl `nlsjn sirjlh bilhhulncnl fmnt en`nb onlhcn wnctu ynlh `nbn tnlpn pilhnwnsnl efctir enpnt bilyimnmcnl tjbmu`lyn pilyncjt ncjmnt pibncnjnl fmnt-fmnt ynqlh ejhulncnl. >=.  Hnlhhunl tjeur? eun prfsis lfrbn` ynlh pn`jlh piltjlh ej en`nb cigjeupnl bnlusjn

nen`ng bncnl enl tjeur. Xn`nupul cieunlyn snlhnt piltjlh ncnl titnpj cnriln snlhnt rutjl bncn cjtn sirjlh bi`upncnl ncnl prfsis jtu enl mnru siti`ng nenlyn hnlhhunl pnen cieun prfsis tirsimut bncn cjtn jlhnt ncnl piltjlhlyn cieun cinennl jlj. Onej en`nb cinennl lfrbn` (signt) bncnn pnen bnc pnen ububly ubublynn bnlusj bnlusjnn enpnt enpnt biljcb biljcbntj ntj bncnl bncnl ilnc enl tjeur tjeur lyilync. lyilync. Mirmnhnj Mirmnhnj ci`ugnl hnlhhunl tjeur ynlh sirjlh ej`npfrcnl f`ig pnrn `nlsjn, ynclj su`jt ultuc bnsuc en`nb  prfsis tjeur. tjeurlyn tjenc en`nb enl bueng tirmnlhul, tjeurlyn mnlync bjbpj, ojcn tirmnlhul sucnr tjeur cibmn`j, tirmnlhul ejljgnrj, `isu siti`ng mnlhul ejpnhj gnrj. >1.  En Enyn yn tngnl tngnl tumu tumug g ynlh ynlh bilu bilurul rul?? en enyn yn tn tngn gnl l tu tumu mug g yn ynlh lh bilu biluru rul l pn pnen en `n `nls lsjn jn

birupn bir upncnl cnl sn`ng sn`ng sntu sntu dulhsj dulhsj tumug tumug ynlh ynlh tirhnlh tirhnlhhu hu eilhnl eilhnl mirtnb mirtnbmngl mnglyn yn ubur ubur sisifr sisifrnlh nlh wn`nupu wn` nupul l tjenc tjenc si`nbn si`nbnlyn lyn gn` jlj ejsimn ejsimnmcnl mcnl f`ig prfsis prfsis bilun, bilun, tit titnpj npj enpnt pu`n cnriln cnriln  mirmnhnj cinennl sipirtj pilyncjt ynlh sueng `nbn ejeirjtn (bilngul) bnupul pilyncjt ynlh  mnru snon ejeirjtn (ncut) enpnt bilyimnmcnl pilurulnl enyn tngnl tumug sisifrnlh. Eibjcjnl  ouhn pilhhulnnl p ilhhulnnl mirmnhnj fmnt, f mnt, cinennl hjzj ynlh ynl h curnlh, pilurulnl dulhsj frhnl-frhnl tumug enl `njl-`njl.

 

 birupncnl pncnl citjencbnbp citjencbnbpunl unl ultuc bilanpnj enl ntnu bibpirtngnlcn bibpirtngnlcnl l iricsj iricsj >5. Jbpftilsj? biru ynlh aucup ultuc bi`ncucnl snlhhnbn ynlh bibunscnl ynlh tironej pn`jlh siejcjt 1 mu`nl. Bilurut Bnssnagusitts Bn`i Nhjlh Qtuey (BBNQ) mngwn pili`jtjnl ynlh ej`ncucnl pnen prjn usjn 5;-8; tngul ynlh ejwnwnlanrnj tirlyntn 9= % bileirjtn ejsdulhsj iricsj, ynlh tirejrj enrj ejsdulhsj iricsj tftn` >; %, ejsdulhsj iricsj sienlh =9 % enl bjljbn` >8 %. [ilyimnm ejsdulhsj iricsj pnen `nlsjn nen`ng gnbmntnl n`jrnl enrng ci en`nb n`nt ci`nbjl simnhnj nenlyn cicncunl  pnen ejlejlh pibmu`ug enrng (nrtirjfsc`irfsjs) (nrtirjfsc`irfsjs) mnjc cnriln prfsis bilun bnupul pilyncjt, enl  ouhn mircurnlhlyn si`-si` ftft pf`fs ynlh tirenpnt pnen n`nt ci`nbjl sirtn mircurnlhlyn cipicnnl enrj n`nt ci`nbjl prjn tirgnenp rnlhsnlhnl (Qjmurjnl, =;;:).

D.  Bjtfs [nen @nlsjn

>. 

Bjtfs cienbnjnl enl citilnlhnl

Cilyntnnl ? n.  Qirjlh ejtibuj striss cnriln cibjscjlnl enl mirmnhnj ci`ugnl sirtn pileirjtnnl cnriln  pilyncjt  m.  Eiprisj a.  Cicgnwntjrnl e.  [nrnlfje i.  Bnsn`ng psjcftjc  =.  Bjtfs cflsirvntjsbi enl cibuleurnl n.  Cflsirvntjd   m.  Ujenc crintjd  a.  Bilf`nc jlfvnsj e.  Mirfrjiltnsj ci bnsn sj`nb i.  Birjleucnl bnsn `n`u d.  Cibmn`j ci bnsn cnlnc-cnlnc  h.  Qusng mirumng g.  Cirns cipn`n j. 

Airiwit

1.  Bjtfs mirpilyncjtnl

 

@nlsjn ejpnlenlh simnhnj bnsn eihilirnsj mjf`fhjs ynlh ejsirtnj f`ig mirmnhnj pileirjtnnl ncjmnt mirbnanb pilyncjt ynlh bilyirtnj prfsis bnlun. 5.  Bjtfs sibj`jtns @nlsjn ejpnlenlh simnhnj bnsn pjcul ynlh ejsimnmcnl f`ig cirusncnl mnhjnl ftnc  9.  Bjtfs tjenc ontug ajltn @nlsjn tjenc `nhj ontug ajltn enl hnjrng tirgnenp `nwnl oiljs tjenc nen ntnu sueng mircurnlh 4.  Bjtfs nsicsun`jtns Nen pnlenlhnl mngwn pnen `nlsjn, gumulhnl sicsun` jtu bilurul, bjlnt, efrflhnl, hnjrng, cimutugnl enl enyn sics mircurnlh 8.  Bjtfs citjencprfeuctjdnl @nlsjn ejpnlenlh simnhnj usjn tjenc prfeuctjd 

H.  [ileicntnl pnen @nlsjn

>.  [ileicntnl djsjc  [irnwntnl pnen `nlsjn ouhn enpnt ej`ncucnl eilhnl pileicntnl djsjc bi`n`uj pirgntjnl tirgnenp cisigntnl, cimutugnl, cionejnlynlh ejn`nbj c`jil `nlout usjn sibnsn gjeuplyn, pirumngnl djsjc   pnen frhnl tumug, tjlhcnt cisigntnl ynlh bnsjg mjsn ejanpnj enl ejcibmnlhcnl, enl  pilyncjtlyn ynlh enpnt ejaihng ntnu prfhrisjvjtnslyn. [irnwntnl djsjc ubub mnhj c`jil `nlout usjn enpnt ejmnhj ntns eun mnhjnl, ynjtu? n.  C`jil `nlout usjn ynlh bnsjg nctjd enl bibj`jcj cinennl djsjc ynlh bnsjg bnbpu mirhirnc  tnlpn tn lpn mnltu mnltunl nl frnl frnlh h `n `njl jl si sigj gjlh lhhn hn en en`n `nb b ci cimut mutug ugnll nllyn yn si sign gnrj rj-g -gnr nrjj jn bnsj bnsjg g bnbp bnbpu u bi`ncucnllyn silejrj.  m.  C` C`ji jil l `nlo `nlout ut us usjn jn ynlh ynlh pn pnsj sjdd nt ntnu nu tjen tjenc c en enpn pntt mnlhu mnlhul, l, ci cinen nennl nl dj djsj sjcl clyn yn bilh bilhn` n`nb nbjj ci`ubpugnl ntnu sncjt. [irnwnt gnrus bilhitnguj ensnr pirnwntnl c`jil `nlout usj usjnn jlj, tirutnbn tilt ti ltnl nlh h gn gn`` yn ynlh lh ti tirg rgum umul ulh h eilhn eilhnl l ci cimir mirsj sjgn gnl l pirsi pirsifr frnlh nlhnl nl ul ultu tuc c bibp bibpir irtn tngnl gnlcn cnl l cisigntnllyn. =.  [ileicntnl psjcjs [irnwnt bibpulynj pirnlnl piltjlh ultuc bilhnencnl pileicntnl ieucntjd pnen c`jil `nlout usjn. [irnwnt enpnt mirpirnl simnhnj pileuculh enl jltirpritir tirgnenp sihn`n sisuntu ynlh nsjlh, pilnbpulh rngnsjn prjmnej enl sngnmnt ynlh ncrnm.

 

[irnwnt gilenclyn bibj`jcj cisnmnrnl enl citi`jtjnl en`nb bibmirj cisibpntnl enl wnctu ynlh aucup mnlync ultuc bilirjbn mirmnhnj meiltuc ci`ugnl nhnr `nlout usjn birnsn puns. [irnwnt gnrus si`n`u bibihnlh prjlsjp trjp`i Q ynjtu snmnr, sjbpntjc enl sirvjai. Mj`n jlhjl bilhumng tjlhcng `ncu enl pnlenlhnl biricn tirgnenp cisigntnl, pirnwnt mjsn bi`ncucnllyn sianrn pir`ngnl enl mirtngnp. [irnwnt ngrus bileuculh biltn` biricn cinrng  pibunsnl prjmnej sigjlhhn si`urug pilhn`nbnl ynlh ej`n`ujlyn tjenc bilnbmng mimnl. Mj`n  pir`u, usngncnl nhnr biricn birnsn puns enl mngnhjn ej bnsn `nlout usjnlyn. 1.  [ileicntnl sfajn` Mirejs Mir ejscus cusjj sirtn sirtn mir mirtuc tucnr nr pjcjrn pjcjrnl l enl airjtn airjtn birupn birupncnl cnl sn`ng sn`ng sntu sntu upnyn upnyn pirnwnt pirnwnt en`nb en`nb bi`ncucnl bi`nc ucnl pileicntnl pileicntnl sfsjn`. sfsjn`. Bibmirj Bibmirj cisibpntnl cisibpntnl ultuc mircubpu` mirsnbn sisnbi sisnbi c`jil `nlout `nl out usjn usjn mirnrt mirnrtjj bilajp bilajptnc tncnl nl sfsjn` sfsjn`jsn jsnsj sj biricn. biricn. Onej, Onej, pileicn pileicntnl tnl sfsjn` sfsjn` jlj birupn birupncnl cnl  pihnlhnl mnhj pirnwnt mngwn frnlh ynlh ejgnenpjlyn nen`ng bncg`uc sfsjn` ynlh bibmutugcnl bibmu tugcnl frnlh `njl. En`nb pi`ncsnlnnll pi`ncsnlnnllyn, yn, pirnwnt pirnwnt enpnt bilajptncnl bilajptncnl gumulhnl sfsjn`, sfsjn`,  mnjc nltnrn `nlout usjn bnupul `nlout usjn eilhnl pirnwnt. [irnwnt bibmirj cisibpntnl si`uns-`unslyn cipnen `nlout usjn ultuc bilhnencnl cfbuljcnsj, bi`ncucnl ricrinsj. @nlsjn pr`u ejrnlhsnlh ultuc bibmnan bibmna n surnt cnmnr enl bnon`ng. Eilhnl eibjcjnl, pirnwnt titnp bibpulynj gumulhnl cfbuljcnsj, mnjc eilhnl sisnbn biricn bnupul pituhns ynlh sianrn `nlsulh mircnjtnl eilhnl pi`nynlnl cisiongtirnnl sfsjn` mnhj `nlout usjn, tirbnsuc nsugnl cipirnwntnl `nlsjn ejpnltj sfsjn` trisln wgiren.

G.  Uibpnt [ibmirjnl [i`nynlnl Mnhj @nlsjn

>. 

[i`nynlnl sfajn` ej ci`unrhn silejrj

Gfbi anri sirvjai birupncnl miltuc pi`nynlnl sfsjn` mnhj `nlout usjn ynlhe`ncucnl ej rubng silejrj ntnu en`nb `jlhculhnl ci`unrhn `nlout usjn. Uuounl pi`nynlnl ynlh ejmirjcnl nen`ng bibmnltu ci`unrhn en`nb bilhntnsj enl bibiangcnl bnsn`ng `nlsjn sicn`jhus bibmirjcnl cisibpntnl cipnen `nlsjn ultuc titnp tjlhhn` ej `jlhculhnl ci`unrhnlyn. [i`nynlnl jlj enpnt ejmirjcnl f`ig? n.  [irsifrnlhnl ? pirnwnt, pibmirj nsugnl  m.  Ci`unrhn a.  Ci`fbpfc  e.  @ibmnhn / frhnljsnsj sfsjn`

 

i.  Euljn usngn enl pibirjltng Oiljs pi`nynlnl ynlh ejmirjcnl enpnt mirupn mnltunl bncnlnl, mnltunl bi`ncucnl nctjvjtns signrj-gnrj, mnltunl cimirsjgnl enl pirnwntnl cisigntnl, pilyu`ugnl hjzj. [i`nynlnl ejmirjcnl sianrn cfltjlu sitjnp gnrj, bjlhhu, mu`nl enl si`nbn `nlsjn ntnu ci`unrhnlyn bibmutugcnl. =.  Dfstir Anri Qirvjai [i`nynlnl [i`nyn lnl sfsjn` sfsjn` `nlsjn `nlsjn bi`n`uj bi`n`uj ci`unrhn ci`unrhn pilhhnltj pilhhnltj nen`ng pi`nynlnl sfsjn` ynlh ejmirjcnl ejmirjcnl cipnen `nlsjn ej `unr ci`unrhn silejrj enl ej `unr `ibmnhn. @nlsjn tjlhhn` mirsnbn ci`unrhn `njl cnriln cnr iln ci`unr ci`unrhnl hnlyn yn tjenc tjenc enpnt enpnt bibmir bibmirjj pi`nyn pi`nynlnl lnl ynlh ynlh ejmutu ejmutugcnl gcnllyn lyn ntnu ntnu mirnen mirnen en`b en`b cflejsj tir`nltnr. Uuounl Uuo unl pi`nyn pi`nynlnl lnl jlj nen`ng nen`ng bibmnl bibmnltu tu bibilug bibilugjj cimutug cimutugnl nl enl bilhnt bilhntnsj nsj bnsn`n bnsn`ng g ynlh ynlh ejgnen ejg nenpj pj `nlsjn `nlsjn enl ci`unr ci`unrhnly hnlyn. n. Qnsnrn Qnsnrnl l pi`nynl pi`nynlnll nllyn yn nen`ng nen`ng `nlsjn `nlsjn tir tir`nl `nltnr tnr,, tj tjenc enc enpnt enpnt ej`nynlj f`ig ci`unrhnlyn silejrj. Oiljs-oiljs pi`nynlnl ynlh ejmirjcnl enpnt mirupn n.  Mnltunl bncnlnl, bjsn`lyn bilyjnpcnl enl bibmirj bncnlnl  m.  [iljlhcntnl hjzj a.  Mnltunl nctjvjtns e.  Mnltunl cimirsjgnl enl pirnwntnl cisigntnl i.  [ilenbpjlhnl ricrinsj d.  F`ng rnhn esm 1.  [usnt snltulnl ci`unrhn (pusncn) [i`nynlnl cipnen wnrhn `nlsjn jlj ejmirjcnl ej tibpnt ynlh tjenc onug enrjtibpnt tjlhhn` `nlsjn. Uuounl Uuoun l pi`nynlnl pi`nynlnl jlj nen`ng bibmnltu bibmnltu ci`unrhn/`n ci`unrhn/`nlout lout usjn en`nb bilhntnsj bilhntnsj pirbnsn`ngn pirbnsn`ngnl, l, bibilugj cimutugnl, bibiangcnl bnsn`ng `nlsjn sicn`jhus bibmir cisibpntnl cipnen `nlsjn ultuc titnp tjlhhn` ej `jlhculhnl ci`unrhn. Qnsnrnl pi`nynlnl nen`ng `nlsjn ynlh tjlhhn`/mirnen en`nb `jlhculhnl ci`unrhn silejrj ntnu ci`unrhn pilhhnltj. @nlsjn bnsjg signt, bnlejrj titnpj bilhn`nbj citirmntnsnl icflfbj. 5.  [nltj sfajn` Urisln Xgiren Jlstjtusj ynlh bibmir pi`nynlnl enl pirnwntnl onsbnlj, rfgnlj, sfsjn` enl pir`jleulhnl ultuc  bibilugj cimutugnl `nlsjn nhnr enpnt bibj`jcj cigjeupnl sianrn wnonr. [i`nynlnl ynlh ejmirjcnl en`nb miltuc cihjntnl, nltnrn `njl?   Cihjntnl

rutjl

 

n.  [ibilugnl bncnl 1x/gnrj  m.  Qilnb `nlsjn (silnb (silnb pirlndnsnl, silnb onltulh, onltulh, silnb hirnc `ntjg `ntjg ftnc esm) a.  Mjbmjlhnl rfgnlj/cinhnbnnl sisunj eilhnl nhnbn e.  Cirnojlnl tnlhnl (bilongjt, bilyu`nb, birilen) i.  Bilyn`urcnl gfmj (mirbnjl nlhc`ulh, bilynlyj, cnrnfci, mircimul)

  Cihjntnl

wnctu `unlh

n.  Mirbnjl (antur, pjlhpflh)  m.  Mirpnltul/mnan pujsj a.  Bilfltfl dj`b e.  Bibmnan Cfrnl

J.  Bfei` Cipirnwntnl Hirfltjc Bilurut Ng`j

>.  Bfei` Cflsiptun` Nenptnsj An``jstn ]fy

Bfei` nenptnsj ]fy birupncnl sn`ng sntu tifrj cipirnwntnl ynlh mirdfcus pnen cibnbpunl nenptnsj c`jil tirgnenp strissfr ynlh ejgnenpjlyn. En`nb pilirnpnllyn ]fy bilihnscnl mngwn jlejvjeu nen`ng bncg`uc bncg`uc mjfpsjcfsfsjn` simnhnj sntu cisntunl utug ynlh bibj`jcj bicnljsbi cfpjlh cfp jlh ultuc ultuc mirnen mirnenptn ptnsj sj tirgnen tirgnenp p pirumn pirumngnl gnl `jlhcu `jlhculhnl lhnl.. ]fy bileid bileidjlj jljsjc sjcnl nl `j `jlhcu lhculhnl lhnl simnhnjj sibun ynlh nen ej sici`j`jlh simnhn sici`j`jlh cjtn enl mirpilhnrug mirpilhnrug pnen pircibmnlhnl pircibmnlhnl bnlusjn. bnlusjn. Qignt nen`ng suntu cinennl ntnu prfsis en`nb bilonhn jltihrjtns ejrj, rispfl ynlh bilyimnmcnl  pilurulnl jltihrjtns tumug biljbmu`cnl nenlyn suntu cimutugnl enl bilyimnmcnl jlejvjeu  mirispfl tirgnenp cimutugnl tirsimut bi`n`uj upnyn ntnu prj`ncu tirtiltu. Bilurutlyn pirnl  pirnwnt nen`ng bibmnltu pnsjil mirnenptnsj tirgnenp pirumngnl ynlh nen.

=.  Bfei` Cflsiptun` Gubnl Mijlh ]fhirs Bnrtn Bnrt n ]fhirs ]fhirs (>::=) (>::=) bilhulh bilhulhcnp cnpcnl cnl bitnpn bitnpnrnej rnejhbn hbn `nlsjn. `nlsjn. Ejn bilynojc bilynojcnl nl `jbn nsubsj nsubsj tiltnlh bnlusjn. Qitjnp bnlusjn ejnsubsjcnl simnhnj cisntunl ynlh eilhnl jlejvjeun`jtns. Bnlusjn sianrn cfltjlyu bilhn`nbj pirtucnrnl ilirhj eilhnl `jlhculhnl. Bnlusjn bnbpu nmstrncsj, ajtrn, mngnsn, pjcjrnl, silsnsj, enl ibfsj. Bnlusjn ejjeiltjdjcnsj eilhnl pf`n enl

 

biwuo biw uoue uecnl cnl cn cnrnc rnctir tirjst jstjc jc enl enl pirj` pirj`nc ncu u ynlh ynlh mirmi mirmien en en enrj rj mn mnhj hjnl nl en enl l ynlh ynlh tje tjenc nc en enpn pntt ejpriejcsj eilhnl pilhitngunl tiltnlh mnhjnl - mnhjnllyn. >.  @jlh @jlhcul culhnl hnl tirejrj tirejrj enrj sibun sibun pf`n ynlh ynlh nen ej `unr jlejvje jlejvjeu. u. Cieunl Cieunlyn, yn, jlejvjeu jlejvjeu enl `jlhculhnl `jlhculh nl ejnlhhnp ejnlhhnp sjstib tirmucn. @jlhculhnl @jlhculhnl birupncnl, tirieucsj tirpjsngcnl, tirpjsngcnl, ilirhj `npnlh `np nlhnl nl pnlejbi pnlejbilsjf lsjfln` ln` ejjeiltj ejjeiltjdjcns djcnsjj eilhnl eilhnl pf`n enl jltihrn` jltihrn` eilhnl eilhnl mjenlh mjenlh bnlusjn bnlusjn (]fhirs, >::=). =.  [i [irnw rnwntn ntnl l utnbnl utnbnlyn yn nen`n nen`ng g silj silj enl enl j`bu j`bu en enl l gu gubnl bnljst jstjc jc cibnl cibnlus usjnn jnnl. l. Ejtuo Ejtuoucn ucnl l tirgn tir gnen enp p si sibu bun n bnlusj bnlusjn n enl enl mircn mircnjtn jtnl l eilh eilhnl nl sjdnt sjdnt en enl l nrng nrng pi pibm bmnl nlhu huln lnl l bnlusj bnlusjn. n. Uuounll Uuou nllyn yn ultuc ultuc mirpnrtjs mirpnrtjsjpns jpnsjj en`nb en`nb prfsis prfsis pirumng pirumngnl nl sigjlhh sigjlhhn n frnlh frnlh enpnt enpnt bilhnbm bilhnbmj`j` bnldnnt (]fhirs, >::=). 1.  Cis Cisign igntnl tnl tjenc tjenc sianrn sianrn cgusus cgusus ejntur, ejntur, Bn`jlscj Bn`jlscj (>:74) (>:74) ejcutjp ejcutjp enrj cfbuljcn cfbuljcnsj sj prjm prjmnej nej eilhnl ]fhirs ej bnln ej lihnrn mnhjnl ]fhirs mngwn jn bibnlenlh cisigntnl simnhnj simung lj`nj. Cfbuljcnsj jlj bilihnscnl cisjbpu`nl simi`ublyn mngwn pilyncjt, pntf`fhj enl cisigntnl nen`ng simung lj`nj. 1. Bfei` Cf Cflsiptun` lsiptun` Cipirnwntnl Cipirnwntnl Liubnl

 Liubnl bilyntncnl mngwn cipirnwntnl bibpirgntjcnl bnlusjn sianrn utug u tug enl cipirnwntnl nen`ng simung prfdisj ynlh uljc ynlh bibpirtngnlcnl sibun vnrjnmi` ynlh bibpilhnrugj rispfl ris pfl c`jil c`jil tirgnen tirgnenp p str striss issfr. fr. Bi`n`u Bi`n`ujj pilhhuln pilhhulnnl nl bfei` bfei` cipirn cipirnwnt wntnl nl enpnt enpnt bibmnl bibmnltu tu jlejvjeu, ci`unrhn enl ci`fbpfc ultuc bilanpnj enl bibpirtngnlcnl `ivi` bncsjbub enrj tftn` wi``liss. Ciuljcnl cipirnwntnl nen`ng mirgumulhnl eilhnl jltihrnsj enrj sibun vnrjnmi` ynlh ynl h bnln bnln bilenpn bilenpntt pirgnt pirgntjnl jnl enrj enrj cipirnw cipirnwntn ntnl l . Liubnl Liubnl (>:7>) (>:7>) bilynt bilyntncnl ncnl mngwn mngwn ejn bibnlenlh bfei` simnhnj sisuntu ynlh mirhuln ultuc sibun prfdisj cisigntnl ejbnln biricn enl cipirnwntnl bulhcjl mirmnhj mngnsn ubub enrj suntu pilhirtjnl. Liubnl ouhn piranyn  mngwn cipirnwntnl eilhnl pirspictjd ynlh `uns enpnt enl signruslyn bilhcffrejlnsj  pi`nynlnl cisigntnl ultuc pnsjil supnyn drnhbiltnsj pi`nynlnl enpnt ejaihng. 5. Bfei` Cflsiptun` Cipirnwntnl Gileirsfl

Dfcus cipirnwntnl pnen tifrj Gileirsfl nen`ng c`jil ynlh bibj`jcj citirjcntnl gjeup sianr  jlejvjeun` jlejv jeun` si`nbn enur cigjeupnl, enrj dnsi citirhnltulhnl citirhnltulhnl gjlhhn cibnlejrjnl cibnlejrjnl sisunj eilhnl usjn, cinennl, enl `jlhculhnl. `jlhculhnl. [irnwnt birupncnl pilf`flh utnbn c`jil en`nb bi`ncsnlnc bi`ncsnlncnl nl nctjvjtns piltjlh huln bibi`jgnrn enl bibu`jgcnl cisigntnl c`jil ntnu bilanpnj cibntjnl ynlh enbnj. Mnltunl jlj ejmirjcnl f`ig pirnwnt cnriln curnlhlyn pilhitngunl ciciuntnl, ntnu cibnunl c`jil en`nb bi`ncsnlncnl >5 cfbpflil cimutugnl ensnr.

 

9. Bfei` Cflsiptun` Muenyn @ijljlhir

Bfei` cflsiptun` cflsiptun` @ijljlhir @ijljlhir sirjlh sirjlh ejsimut ejsimut simnhnj simnhnj Urnlau`tur Urnlau`turn` n` Lursjlh Lursjlh Ugifry ntnu tifrj  pirnwntnl trnlscu`turn`. [ibngnbnl ynlh milnr pnen ejrj pirnwnt bilhilnj muenyn c`jil, mnjc jlejvjeu, ci`unrhn, ci ci`f `fbp bpfc, fc,

bnup bnupul ul

bnsy bnsynr nrncn ncnt, t,

en enpnt pnt

bila bilaih ihng ng

ti tiro rone nejl jlyn yn au au`t `tur urii

sg sgfa fac c nt ntnu nu au`tu au`turi ri

jb jbpf pfsj sjtj tjfl. fl. Au`t Au`tur urii sg sgfa fac c ti tiro rone nejj sn snnt nt pjgn pjgnc c `unr `unr (p (pir irnw nwnt nt)) bila bilafm fmnn bibp bibpi` i`no nonr nrjj nt ntnu nu  mirnenptnsj sianrn idictjd eilhnl ci`fbpfc muenyn tirtiltu (c`jil). C`jil ncnl birnsncnl  pirnsnnl tjenc lynbnl, hi`jsng enl ejsfrjiltnsj cnriln pirmiennl lj`nj muenyn, ciyncjlnl, enl cimjnsnnl. Qienlhcnl au`turi jbpfsjtjfl nen`ng ciaileirulhnl tilnhn cisigntnl (pirnwnt), mnjc  sianrnn ejnb-ejnb sianr ejnb-ejnb bnupul tirnlh-tirnlhnl, tirnlh-tirnlhnl, bibncsncnl lj`nj-lj`n lj`nj-lj`njj muenyn, ciyncjlnl, enl cimjnsnnl/pirj`ncu ynlh ejbj`jcjlyn cipnen jlejvjeu, ci`unrhn, ntnu ci`fbpfc enrj muenyn `njl cnriln biricn biyncjlj mngwn muenynlyn `imjg tjlhhj enrjpnen muenyn ci`fbpfc `njl. 4. Bfei` Cflsiptun` [irj`ncu Ofglsfl

 Uifrj Efrftgy Ofglsfl tiltnlh cipirnwntnl (>:47) mirdfcus pnen mnhnjbnln c`jil mirnenptnsj tirgne tirgnenp np cflejs cflejsjj sncjtl sncjtlyn yn enl mnhnjb mnhnjbnln nln str striss iss natun` natun` ntnu ntnu pftils pftilsjn` jn` enpnt enpnt bibpil bibpilhnr hnrugj ugj cibnbpunl cibnb punl mirnenptnsj mirnenptnsj.. Uuounl enrj cipirnwntnl cipirnwntnl nen`ng bilurulcnl bilurulcnl striss sigjlhhn c`jil enpnt mirhirnc `imjg bueng bi`iwntj bnsn pilyibmugnllyn (Ofglsfl, >:47). Uifrj Ofglsfl  mirdfcus pnen cimutugnl ensnr ynlh bilhnau pnen pilhi`fbpfccnl pilh i`fbpfccnl pirj`ncu mirjcut? >.  [irj`ncu bilanrj cinbnlnl =.  [irj`ncu bilanrj pirnwntnl 1.  Bilhunsnj ejrj silejrj enl `jlhculhnl sisunj eilhnl stnlenr jltirln`jsnsj pristnsj 5.  Bilhncfbfensj ejit eilhnl anrn ynlh ejtirjbn sianr sfsjn` enl au`turn` 9.  Bilhi`unrcnl snbpng tumug eilhnl anrn ynlh ejtirjbn sianrn sfsjn` enl au`turn` 4.  [irj`ncu sicsun` enl jeiltjtns pirnl 8.  [irj`ncu bi`jleulhj ejrj silejrj Bilurut Ofglsfl, pirnwnt bilhcnoj cimutugnl c`jil mirensnrcnl cntihfrj pirj`ncu ejntns, ynlh ejsimu ejs imutt sumsjs sumsjstib tib pirj`n pirj`ncu. cu. En`nb En`nb cflejs cflejsjj lfrbn` lfrbn` c`j c`jil il mirdul mirdulhsj hsj sianrn sianrn idictj idictjdd ejen`n ejen`nb b `jlhculhnllyn.Ncnl titnpj citjcn stris bilhhnlhhu nenptnsj lfrbn`, pirj`ncu c`jil bilonej tjenc enpnt ejeuhn enl tjenc oi`ns.[irnwnt bilhjeiltjcnsj citjencbnbpunl mirnenptnsj sipirtj jlj enl bibmirjcnl nsugnl cipirnwntnl ultuc bilhntnsj bnsn`ng en`nb bibilugj cimutugnl tirsimut.

 

8. Bfei` Cflsiptun` Qi`d Anri Frib

Cflsip cipirnwntnl Frib bilensnrj pirnl pirnwnt en`nb bibilugj cimutugnl c`jil ultuc  bilanpnj cibnlejrjnl enl cisigntnl ynlh fptjbn`. n.  Uifrj Qi`d anri eidjajt Jltj enrj tifrj jlj bilhhnbmnrcnl bnlusjn simnhnj pilirjbn pirnwntnl ynlh tjenc bnbpu bibilugj cimutugnl pirnwntnl ejrjlyn enl bibj`jcj mirmnhnj citirmntnsnl-citirmntnsnl en`nb bilanpnj tnrnd cisigntnllyn.  m.  Uifrj Qi`d anri Citjcn c`jil tjenc bnbpu bi`ncucnl pirnwntnl ejrjlyn silejrj bncn eidjajt pirnwntnl ejrj tironej enl pirnwnt ncnl bibmnltu c`jil ultuc bi`ncucnl tuhns pirnwntnl ejrjlyn a.  Uifrj lursjlh systib [irnwn [ir nwntt bililt bililtucnl ucnl,, bileis bileisnjl njl,, enl bilyie bilyiejnc jncnl nl pirnwnt pirnwntnl nl ynlh ynlh bilhnt bilhntur ur cibnbp cibnbpunl unl jlejvjeu enl bibmirjcnllyn sianrn tirnpiutjc sisunj eilhnl tjhn tjlhcntnl

 

MNM JJJ [ILYUY[

N.  CIQJB[Y@NL

Cipirnwntnl hirfltjc nen`ng j`bu ynlh bibpi`nonrj tiltnlh pirnwntnl pnen `nlsjn ynlh  mirdfcus pnen pilhcnojnl cisigntnl enl stntus dulhsjfln`, pirilanlnnl, jbp`ibiltnsj sirtn ivn`unsj. Cipirnwntnl Cipirn wntnl hirfltjc mirtuounl mirtuounl bibmirjcnl bibmirjcnl nsugnl cipirnwntnl cipirnwntnl ynlh idictjd idictjd tirgnenp tirgnenp c`jil ynjtu `nlout usjn. Nsugnl ejmirjcnl nhnr c`jil bilenpntcnl cilynbnlnl en`nb gjeup. [irnl pirnwnt en`nb hirfltjc nen`ng bibmirjcnl nsugnl cipirnwntnl enl bibmnltu c`jil en`nb bilhngnenpj bilhngnenpj bnsn`nglyn bnsn`nglyn enl bibmnltu bibmnltu bibilugj bibilugj cimutugnl cimutugnl ynlh tjenc mjns ejpilugj ejpilugj silejrj f`ig c`jil.

M.  QN]NL

En`n En `nb b

ci cipi pirn rnwn wntn tnl l

hi hirf rflt ltjc jc,,

si sifr frnl nlh h

pi pirn rnwn wntt

gi gile lenc nc`n `ng g

bilh bilhit itng nguj uj

ns nsug ugnl nl

cipirn cip irnwnt wntnl nl ynlh ynlh ncnl ncnl ejmirj ejmirjcnl cnl tirgnen tirgnenp p c`jil c`jil ynjtu ynjtu pnrn pnrn `nlsjn `nlsjn sigjlh sigjlhhn hn `nlsjn `nlsjn birnsn birnsn tiraucupj cimutugnllyn sianrn `imjg idictjd. Mnhj ci`unrhn c`jil ouhn gilenc`ng bilhitnguj tiltnlh anrn-anrn nsugnl pnen `nlsjn sigjlhhn `nlsjn enpnt bilon`nlj bnsn tunlyn eilhnl `imjg mnjc enl lynbnl.

 

ENDUN] [YQUNCN

Nlfljb.. (=;>>). Nlfljb (=;>>). Cflsip Cflsip Ensnr Cipirnwntnl Cipirnwntnl Hirfltjc. Hirfltjc. Ejncsis Ejncsis pnen tnlhhn` =1 Fctfmi Fctfmirr =;>= enrj gttp?//imffcmrfwsi.afb/cflsip-ensnr-cipirnwntnl-hirfltjc-efa-e>7:9>>487 Nsbnej. (=;;7). Cflsip Ensnr Cipirnwntnl. Oncnrtn ? IHA  Luhrfgf, Xngouej QCB. (>::9). [irnwntnl @nlout Ysjn. Oncnrtn ? IHA [fttir & [irry. (=;;9). Dulenbiltn` fd Lursjlh. Oncnrtn ? IHA Qn Qnbs bsul ul,,

Ngbn Ngbne. e.

(= (=;> ;>>) >).. Cipi Cipirn rnwn wntn tnl l

Hirf Hirflt ltjc jc..

Ejnc Ejncsi siss

pn pnen en

tn tnlh lhhn hn``

==

Fc Fctf tfmi mirr

=;>= =;>=

enrj gttp?//je.sarjme.afb/efa/989;49:5 gttp?//je.sarjme.afb/efa/989;49:5/Bncn`ng-Cipirnwntnl-Hirf /Bncn`ng-Cipirnwntnl-Hirfltjc-j ltjc-j

Qrj Qrj,

Ljln Ljln..

(=;> (=;>;) ;).. Cipi Cipirn rnwn wnttnl

Ensn Ensnrr.

Ejnc Ejncssis

enrj gttp?//agiiznm`uisiarit.bu`tjp`y.afb/ofurln`

pnen pnen

tn tnlh lhhn hn``

==

Fct Fctfmir fmir

=;>= =;>=