Makalah Kel 1 - Asuhan Keperawatan Intra Dan Post Operasi Fraktur
July 9, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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MFQFSIXI[IL QFSG@QFSI[GD ‒I^VEIL MFQFSIXI[IL GL[SI KIL QI^NI @QFSI[GD DSIM[VS‚
K`sfl Qflhijpu ? ^y`mujiwfli, ^.Mfp, J.Mfs
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7. Ipr Iprgbgi gbgilg lg Kwg Qut Qutrg rg
3. Ikgzi
91. Irgdie Sgsiltg
>. Iejik Xgkik I
99. Irbigki Ilhhgstgli
;. Ibk`ri Sijikeglg M
93. Istrg Ditji utrg
6. Ijcrgli S`syikie
9>. Iubgi Lurub Bitgdie
4. Ijfbgi
9;. Iyulki Gltil
8. Il Ilki ki Qut Qutrg rg @m @mtiv tivgil gili i
96. Ngtri Ngtri Glsil Glsilgi gi
5. Il Illgs lgsi i Sgs Sgsmi mi E
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[IEVL IMIKFJGM 3139/3133 MI[I QFLHIL[IS
^yumur ^yum ur Ibeij Ibeijkubgb kubgbbie bie sfli sfliltgis ltgisi i mijg piloitmil mfpiki Ibbie ^X[ yilh tf yilh tfbi bie e jf jfbgj bgjpi piem emil il riej riejit it ki kil l mi miru rulg lgii-Ly Lyi i sf sfeg eglh lhhi hi mi mijg jgki kipi pitt jflyfb jfl yfbfsi fsigmi gmil l ji jimib mibie ie glg hu huli li jfj jfjflu flueg eg tuhis tuhis mfb mfb`jp `jp`m `m ult ultum um jit jiti i mubgie Mfpfriwitil Qfrg`pfritgd kflhil oukub ? ? Isueil Mfpfriwitil Gltri Kil Qisni @pfritgd Drimtur. Mijg jflyikirg sfpfluelyi ciewi jimibie glg jisge oiue kirg miti sfjpurli kgmirflimil tfrcitislyi pflhibijil kil pflhftieuil yilh mijg jgbgm jg bgmg. g. @bfe @bfe mi mirf rfli li gt gtu u mi mijg jg jf jflh lhei eiri ripm pmil il sf sfhi hibi bi cflt cfltum um si siri ril l sf sfrt rti i jisumil ciemil mrgtgm yilh jfjcilhul kirg cfrcihig pgeim. Mijg cfreirip sfj`hi jimibie glg kipit jfjcfrgmil jildiit cihg pfrmfjcilhil kulgi pflkgkgmil.
Qibfjcilh, 38 ^fptfjcfr 3139 Qflubgs
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KID[IS G^G
MI[I QFLHIL[IS....................................................................................... QFLHIL[IS.......................................................................................gg gg KID[IS G^G.................................................................................................. ggg CIC G QFLKIEVBVIL 9.9
Bitir Cfbimilh......................................................................................9
9.3
Sujusil Jisibie................................................................................3
9.>
[uouil ..................................................................................................3
CIC GG QFJCIEI^IL 3.9
M`lsfp Kisir Qflyimgt Drimtur...........................................................>
3.3
M`lsfp Isueil Mfpfriwitil Mfpfriwitil Gltri kil Q`st @pfrisg Drimtur........ Drimtur............ ....96 96
3.> Isueil Mfpfriwitil Mfpfriwitil Gltri kil Q`st @pfris @pfrisgg Drimtur....... Drimtur................ ................ .........95 ..95 CIC GGG QFLV[VQ >.9
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KID[IS QV^[IMI......................................................................................>; QV^[IMI......................................................................................>;
CIC G QFLKIEVBVIL
9.9 Bitir cfbimilh Drimtu Dri mturr tfb tfbie ie jf jfloi loikg kg jis jisibi ibie e yil yilh h cil cilyi yim m kgo kgoujp ujpig ig kg pus pusit-p it-pusi usitt pfbiyilil mfsfeitil kg sfburue kulgi kil jfloikg pflyfcic tglhhglyi ilhmi
>
j`rcgkgtis kil j`rtibgtis cigm kg lfhiri jiou jiupullfhiri cfrmfjcilh (Hfubgs, 319>) . Drimtur bfcge sfrglh tfroikg mirfli triuji piki mfb`jp`m usgi juki ju ki,, sf sfmg mgti tirr uj ujur ur ;6 ti tieu eul l mf mfci ciwi wie e ki kil l sf sfrg rglh lh tf tfroi roikg kg piki piki bi bimg mg-bi -bimg mg kirgpiki pfrfjpuil cigm drimtur mirfli `bierihi, pfmfroiil, itiu bumi yilh kgsfcicmil `bfe mfnfbimiil mflkiriil. Jflurut X`rbk Efibte @rhilgzitg`l (XE@), misus drimtur tfroikg kg kulgi muri mu rilh lh bfcg bfcge e 9> outi outi `ril `rilh h pi piki ki ti tieu eul l 31 3115 15,, kflh kflhil il il ilhm hmi i pr prfv fvib ibfl flsg sg sfcfs sf cfsir ir 3,8 3,8%. %. ^fj ^fjflt fltiri iri pi piki ki tie tieul ul 31 3117 17 tfr tfrkip kipit it murilh murilhbfc bfcge ge 95 out outi i `r `ril ilh h kf kflh lhil il il ilhm hmi i prfv prfvib ibfl flsg sg sf sfcf cfsi sirr ;, ;,3% 3%.. [i [ieu eul l 31 3191 91 jf jflg lglh lhmi mitt jfloik jfl oikgg 39 out outi i `ri `rilh lh kfl kflhil hil ilh ilhmi mi prf prfvib vibfls flsgg >,6 >,6%. %. [fr [froik oikgly glyi i dri drimtu mtur r tfrsfcut tfrjisum kgkibijlyi glsgkfl mfnfbimiil,, nfkfri `bierihi, cflnili mfcimiril, cflnili ibij kil bigl sfcihiglyi (Jirkg`l`, 3191). Drim Drimtu turr ki kipi pitt kgsf kgsfci cicm cmil il `bfe `bfe pu pumu mubi bil l bi bilh lhsu sulh lh,, hi hiyi yi jf jfrf rfju jum, m, hfrimi hfr imil l pul pultgr tgr jfl jflki kikim kim,, kil cie ciemil mil m`l m`ltri trimsg msg `t` `t`tt fms fmstrf trfj. j. Jfs Jfsmgp mgpul ul tubilh tub ilh pi pitie tie,, oir oirglh glhil il sfm sfmgti gtirly rlyi i ouh ouhi i im imil il tfr tfrpf pflhi lhirue rue,, jfl jflhim himgci gcitmi tmil l fkfji oirglhil bulim, pfrkirieil mf `t`t kil sflkg, kgsb`misg sflkg, ruptur tflk`, mfrusimil sirid, kil mfrusimil pfjcubue kirie. @rhil tucue kipit jflhib jfl hibijg ijg nfk nfkfri fri img imgcit cit hiy hiyi i yi yilh lh kgs kgsfci fcicm cmil il `bf `bfe e dri drimtu mturr iti itiu u imgcit imgcit drihjf dri hjfl l tub tubilh ilh.. (Cru (Crullf llfrr kil ^uk ^ukkir kirte, te, 311 3119). 9). Dri Drimtu mturr iki ikibie bie egb egbil ilhly hlyi i m`ltg m` ltgulg ulgtis tis tub tubilh ilh riw riwil il ci cigm gm cf cfrsg rsgdit dit t`t t`tib ib jiu jiupul pul sfc sfcihg ihgil, il, pfl pflyfc yfcic ic utiji kipit kgsfcicmil `bfe triuji itiu tflihi dgsgm tubilh gtu sflkgrg kil oirglhil bulim kgsfmgtirlyi. [ubilh imil jflfltumil ipimie drimtur yilh tfroikg bflhmip itiu tgkim bflhmip (Efbjg kibij Bfsjili, 3193)
9.3 Sujusil jisibie 9. Cihi Cihigjil gjil m`ls m`lsfp fp ki kisir sir k kirg irg p pflyim flyimgt gt drim drimtur0 tur0 3. Ci Cihi higj gjil ili i m` m`ls lsfp fp is isue ueil il mf mfpf pfri riwi witi til l gl gltr tri i ki kil l pi pisn sni i `p `pfr frit itgd gd drimtur0 >. Cihi Cihigjil gjili i isuei isueil l mfpfr mfpfriwiti iwitil l gltri kil p pisni isni ` `pfrit pfritgd gd drimtu drimtur0 r0
;
9.> [uouil pflubgsil 9. Vltu Vltum m jflh jflhftie ftieug ug m`l m`lsfp sfp k kisir isir k kirg irg pf pflyim lyimgt gt drim drimtur tur 3. Vl Vltu tum m jf jflh lhft ftie ieug ug m` m`ls lsfp fp is isue ueil il mf mfpf pfri riwi witi til l gl gltr tri i ki kil l pi pisn sni i `pfritgd drimtur. >. Vltu Vltum m jflhft jflhftieug ieug isu isueil eil mfp mfpfriwi friwitil til gltri ki kil l pisni `p `pfritgd fritgd drim drimtur. tur.
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CIC GG QFJCIEI^IL
3.9
M`lsfp Kisir Qflyimgt Drimtur
3.9.9 Kfdglgsg Drimtur Drimtu Dri mturr iki ikibie bie pit pitie ie tub tubilh ilh,, cgi cgisil silyi yi kgs kgsfci fcicmi cmil l `bf `bfe e tri triuji uji iti itiu u tflihi dgsgm. Mfmuitil kil sukut kirg tflihi tfrsfcut, mfikiil tubilh kil oirglhil bulim kgsfmgtir tubilh imil jflfltumil ipimie drimtur yilh tfroikg gtu bflhmip itiu tgkim bflhmip (Qrgnf & Xgbs`l, 3114 kibij Ipbgmisg Isueil Mfpfriwitil Cfrkisirmil Kgihl`si Jfkgs kil Lilki Lgn-L`n 3196). Drimtur dfjur ikibie tfroikglyi kgsm`ltglugtis kirg oirglhil tubilh dfjur (Luhr`e`, 3199). Drimtur dfjur ikibie egbilhlyi m`ltglugtis piei, m`lkgsg drimtur dfjur sfniri mbglgs cgsi cfrupi drimtur dfjur tfrcumi kgsfrtig ikilyi mfrusimil oirglhil bulim (`t`t, mubgt, oirglhil sirid kil pfjcubue kirie) kil drimtur dfjur tfrtutup yilh kipit kgsfcicmil `bfe triuji piki piei (L``r, 3194) Drimtur ikibie tfrputuslyi m`ltglugtis oirglhil tubilh, yilh cgisilyi kgsfrtig kflhil bumi sfmgtir oirglhil bulim, mfrusimil `t`t, rupturf tflk`l, mfrusi mfr usimil mil pfj pfjcub cubue ue kir kirie, ie, kil bum bumi i `rh `rhilil-`rh `rhil il tuc tucue ue ki kil l kgt kgtflt fltumi umil l sfsuig oflgs kil buislyi, tfroikglyi drimtur ogmi tubilh kgmflig strfss yilh bfcge cfsir kirg yilh cfsir kirg yilh kipit kgics`rcsglyi (^jfbtzfr & Cirf, 3117)
3.9.3 Ftg`b`hg [fmilil cfrbfcgeil itiu triuji bilhsulh piki tubilh jflyfcicmil suitu rftimil sfeglhhi jflhimgcitmil mfrusimil piki `t`t kil oirglhil. Mfrusimil `t`t kil oirglhil imil jflyfcicmil pfrkirieil, fkfji, kil efji ef jit` t`ji ji.. B` B`mi misg sg rfti rftim m ju julh lhmg mgl l ei eily lyi i rf rfti timi mil l pi piki ki tu tubi bilh lh,, ti tilp lpi i jfjglkiemil tubilh jilipul. Drimtur yilh tgkim tfroikg kgsfpiloilh tubilh kgilhhip sfcihig drimtur yilh tgkim sfjpurli sfkilhmil drimtur yilh tfroikg
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piki pik i sf sfjui jui tub tubilh ilh yi yilh lh pit pitie ie kgm kgmfl flib ib sf sfcih cihig ig dri drimtu mturr bfl bflhmi hmip p (Kgh (Kghgub gubg`, g`, Oinms`l kil Mf`he, 319;).
Cfrkisirmil oflgslyi, pflyfcic drimtur kgcfkimil jfloikg ? 9) Nf Nfkf kfri ri tr triu iuji jitg tgn n 3) Nfkf Nfkfri ri triuji triujitgn tgn piki tu tubilh bilh ki kipit pit kgsf kgsfcicmi cicmil l `bfe ? (Xieg (Xiegk,I. k,I. 319>) i. Mfm Mfmfri frisi sil l bil bilhsu hsulh lh Mfm Mfmfri frisil sil bilhs bilhsulh ulh jfl jflyf yfcic cicmil mil piti pi tie e tu tubi bilh lh pi piki ki tg tgtgm tgm tf tfro roik ikgl glyi yi mf mfmf mfri risi sil. l. Dr Drim imtu tur r kfjg kf jgmg mgil il sf sfrg rglh lh cf cfrs rsgd gdit it dri drimt mtur ur tf tfrc rcum umi i kf kflh lhil il hi hirg rgs s pitieil jfbgltilh itiu jgrglh. c. Mf Mfmf mfri risi sil l tg tgki kim m bilh bilhsu sulh lh Mf Mfmf mfri risi sil l tg tgki kim m bi bilh lhsu sulh lh jfly jf lyfc fcic icmi mil l pi piti tie e tu tubi bilh lh yi yilh lh oi oiue ue ki kirg rg kg kgtf tfjp jpit it tfroikglyi mfmfrisil. Wilh pitie cgisilyi ikibie cihgil yilh pibglh bfjie kibij oibur eiltiril vfmt`r mfmfrisil (Xiegk, 319>). >) Dr Drim imtu turr pi pit` t`b` b`hg hgm m ;) Kib Kibij ij eib glg mfru mfrusim simil il tubil tubilh h img imgcit cit pr`s pr`sfs fs pfly pflyimg imgtt kgj kgjili ili kflhil triuji jgl`r kipit jflhimgcitmil drimtur, sfpfrtg ? 6) [uj` [uj`rr tubilh (ogl (oglim im itiu hi hilis), lis), yi yigtu gtu pfrtu pfrtujcue jcueil il oirgl oirglhil hil ciru yilh tgkim tfrmflkibg itiu pr`hrfsgd. 4) Gldfm Gldfmsg sg sfpfrt sfpfrtgg j`stf`j j`stf`jyfbgt yfbgtgs, gs, kipi kipitt tfroikg sfci sfcihig hig imgc imgcit it gldfms gldfmsgg imut itiu kipit tgjcub sfcihig sibie situ pr`sfs yilh pr`hrfsgd, bijcit kil simgt lyfrg. 8) Sim Simegt egtgs, gs, su suitu itu pflyi pflyimgt mgt tubil tubilh h yil yilh h kgs kgsfci fcicmi cmil l `bf `bfe e kfd kfdgsg gsgfls flsgg vgtijgl K.
3.9.> Mbisgdgmisg Mbisgdgmisg drimtur jflurut Sisoik (3118)? 9) Cfrkisirmil ftg`b`hg? i) Drimtur triujitgm
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c) Drimtur pit`b`hgs n) Drimtur strfss tfroikg mirfli ikilyi triuji tfrus jflfrus kg suitu tfjpit
3) Cfrkisirmil mbglgs? i) Drimtur tfrcumi c) Drimtur tfrtutup n) Drimtur kflhil m`jpbgmisg
>) Cfrkisirmil rikg`b`hg? i) B`mibgsisg c) M`ldghurisg n) Fmstflsg k) drihjfl
3.9.; [gpf-tgpf drimtur Iki cfcfripi suctgpf suctgpf drimtur sfniri mbglgs iltiri bigl? bigl? 9) Drihgbgty drinturf Jfrupimil drimtur yilh kgimgcitmil `bfe mirfli triuji jgl`r. Jgsi Jg sibl blyi yi,, dr drim imtu turr yi yilh lh tf tfro roik ikgg pi piki ki sf sfsf sf`r `ril ilh h yi yilh lh jf jflh lhib ibij ijgg `stf `s tf`p `p`r `r`s `sgs gs,,
kgji kgjili li
m` m`lk lkgs gsgg
tu tubi bilh lh
jf jflh lhib ibij ijgg
mf mfri ripu puei eil. l.
Mfnfbimiil itiupul tfmilil yilh mfngb cgsi jflhimgcitmil drimtur. 3) Qite`b`hgnib drinturf Drimtur Drimt ur yilh kgimgcit kgimgcitmil mil `bfe strumtur tubil tubilh h yilh icl`rjib icl`rjib.. [gpf drimtur pit` pit`b`hgs b`hgs jgsibly jgsiblyi i tfroik tfroikgg piki glkgvgku yilh jfjgb jfjgbgmg gmg pflyi pfl yimgt mgt tub tubilh ilh yi yilh lh jfl jflhim himgci gcitmi tmil l tub tubilh ilh jfr jfrfmi fmi rfl rfltil til tfr tfroik oikgg drimtur. Drimtur piki sfsf`rilh yilh kgimgcitmil `bfe pit`b`hg cgsi jflyfcicmil triuji sp`ltil itiupul triuji sfmulkfr.
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>) Eghe-flfrhy drimtur Eghe-flfrhy drimtur ikibie drimtur yilh kgimgcitmil `bfe ikilyi triuji yilh sfrgus, jgsiblyi sfsf`rilh yilh jflhibijg mfnfbimiil oitue kirg itip sfeglhhi tubilhlyi pitie. ^trfss drinturf ikibie tgpf big bigl l kir kirgg egh eghe-f e-flfr lfrhy hy dri drintu nturf, rf, jgs jgsibl iblyi yi pi piki ki sf` sf`ril rilh h itb itbft ft yil yilh h jflhibijg triuji jgl`r yilh cfrubilh mibg. Mfkui tgpf drimtur glg tfroikg piki `rilh yilh jfjgbgmg strumtur tubilh yilh l`rjib. (Hirlfr, 3115)
Cfcf Cf cfri ripi pi ie iebg bg yi yilh lh bigl bigl (J (Jil ilso so`f `fr, r, 31 3191 91)) jf jfjc jcih ihgg of oflg lgs s dr drim imtu tur r cfrkis cfr kisirm irmil il pik piki i iki tgk tgkiml imlyi yi euc euculh ulhil il ilt iltiri iri pi pitie tieil il tub tubilh ilh kfl kflhil hil pipiri pip iril l bui buirr sfc sfcihi ihigg dri drimtu mturr tfr tfrtut tutup up (nb (nb`sf `sfk k dri drintu nturf) rf) kil dri drimtu mturr tfr tfrcum cumi i (`pfl drinturf).
Kfrioit drimtur tfrtutup cfrkisirmil mfikiil oirglhil bulim sfmgtir triuji, yigtu? 9) Kfrioit 1? drimtur cgisi kflhil sfkgmgt itiu tilpi nfkfri oirglhil bulim sfmgtirlyi. 3) Kfr Kfrioi ioitt 9? dri drimtu mturr kfl kflhil hil ic icris risgg ki kilhm lhmib ib iti itiu u jfj jfjir ir mu mubgt bgt kil oirglhil sucmutil. sucmutil. >) Kfrioit 3? drimtur yilh bfcge cfrit kflhil m`ltusg` oirglhil bulim cihgil kibij kil ikilyi pfjcflhmimil. ;) Kfr Kfrioi ioitt >? nfk nfkfri fri cfr cfrit it kfl kflhil hil mfr mfrus usimi imil l oir oirglh glhil il bul bulim im yil yilh h lyiti kil ilnijil tfroikglyi sglkr`ji m`jpirtfjflt.
Kfrioit drimtur tfrcumi cfrkisirmil mfikiil oirglhil bulim sfmgtir triuji, yigtu? 9) Kfrioit 9? bisfrisg 2 3 nj, drimtur sfkfreili, kgsb`misg drihjfl jglgjib. 3) Kfrioit 3? bisfrisg < 3 nj, m`ltusg` `t`t kil sfmgtirlyi, kgsb`misg drihjfl ofbis.
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>) Kfrioit >? bumi bfcir, rusim efcit, itiu egbilh oirglhil sfmgtir.
Qrgnf & Xgbs`l (3114) ouhi jfjcihg kfrioit mfrusimil tubilh jfloikg kui, yigtu pitie tubilh bflhmip (n`jpbftf drinturf) ipicgbi sfburue tubilh piti pi tie= e= ki kil l pi piti tie e tu tubi bilh lh tg tgki kim m bflh bflhmi mip p (g (gln ln`j `jpb pbft ftf f dr drin intu turf rf)) cg cgbi bi tg tgki kim m jfbg jf bgci citm tmil il sf sfbu buru rue e mf mftf tfci cibi bil l tu tubi bilh lh.. Ei Eibb gl glgg kg kgtf tflt ltum umil il `b `bfe fe mf mfmu muit itil il pflyfcic drimtur kil m`lkgsg mfrusimil tubilh yilh tfroikg triuji.
^jfbtzfr & Cirf (3114) jfjcihg oflgs drimtur sfcihig cfrgmut? 9)
Hrfflstgnm? drimtur sfpiloilh hirgs tflhie tubilh.
3)
@cbgquf? drimtur jfjcfltum sukut kflhil hirgs tflhie tubilh.
>)
^pgrib? drimtur jfjultgr sfputir citilh tubilh.
;)
N`jj N` jjgl glut utgd gd?? dr drim imtu turr kf kflh lhil il tu tubi bilh lh pf pfni nie e jf jflo loik ikgg cf cfcf cfri ripi pi drihjfl/cihgil.
6)
Kfprfssfk? drimtur kflhil drihjfl pitieil tfrk`r`lh mf kibij, sfrglh tfroikg piki tubilh tflhm`rim kil tubilh wioie.
4)
N`jp N` jprf rfss ssg` g`l? l?
dri drimt mtur ur
kgji kgjili li
tu tubi bilh lh
jf jflh lhib ibij ijgg
m` m`jp jprf rfsg sg,,
cgisilyi sfrglh tfroikg piki tubilh cfbimilh. 8)
Qit`b`hgm? drimtur piki kifrie tubilh cfrpflyimgt (mgsti tubilh, pihft, jftistisgs tubilh, kil tuj`r).
5)
Ivubtg`l? tfrtirgmlyi drihjfl tubilh `bfe bghijfl itiu tflk`l piki pfrbfmitillyi.
7)
Fpgdgngib? drimtur jfbibug fpgdgsgs.
91) Gjpintg`l? drimtur kgjili drihjfl tubilh tfrk`r`lh mf drihjfl tubilh bigllyi.
Qflyfcic B`lh (3114 (3114)) jflof jflofbismi bismil, l, pfly pflyfcic fcic drimt drimtur ur ikibi ikibie e pfrgs pfrgstgwi tgwi triuj triuji, i, mfnfbi mfn fbimii miil, l, kil eib eib-ei -eibb pit pit`b` `b`hgs hgs.. ^jf ^jfbtz btzfr fr & Cirf Cirf (31 (3114) 14) jfl jflyfc yfcutm utmil il ciewi drimtur tfroikg imgcit triuji bilhsulh, hiyi jfrfjum, hfrimil pultgr jflkikim, kil m`ltrimsg `t`t yilh fmstrgj.
91
3.9.6 Qit`dgsg`b`hg Jflu Jf luru rutt (F (Fbg bgzi zicf cfte te,, 31 3117 17), ), Mf Mftg tgmi mi tu tubi bilh lh pi piti tie, e, sf sfbb tu tubi bilh lh ji jitg tg.. Qfrkirieil cgisilyi tfroikg kg sfmgtir tfjpit pitie kil mf kibij oirglhil bulim kg sfmgtir tubilh tfrsfcut. oirglhil bulim cgisilyi jflhibijg mfrusimil imgcit nfkfri. Sfimsg gldbijisg yilh gltfls tfroikg sftfbie pitie tubilh. ^fb kirie putge kil sfb jist tfrimujubisg sfeglhhi jflyfcicmil pflglhmitil ibgril kirie mf irfi tfrsfcut. dih`sgt`sgs kil pfjcfrsgeil sfb kil oirglhil jitg kgjubig. Cfmu Cf muil il dgc dgcrg rgl l (e (efj fjit it`j `ji i dr drim imtu tur) r) tf tfrc rcfl fltu tum m kg tf tfjp jpit it pi piti tie e ki kil l cfrdulhsg sfcihig oibi ultum jfbfmitlyi sfb-sfb ciru. Imtgvgtis `stf`cbis imil sfhfri tfrstgjubisg kil tfrcfltum tubilh ciru gjitur, kgsfcut mibus. Cfmuil dgcrgl sfhfri kgrfics`rpsg kil sfb tubilh ciru sfniri pfrbieil jflhibijg rfj`kfbglh ultumjfjcfltum tubilh sfoitg. [ubilh sfoitg jflhhiltgmil mibus kil sfniri pfrbieil jflhibijg mibsgdgmisg. Qflyfjcueil jfjfrbumil wimtu cfcfripi jglhhu sijpig cfcfripi cubil (drimtur piki ilim sfjcue bfcge nfpit). nfpi t). Qfly Qflyfjcue fjcueil il kipi kipitt tfrhi tfrhilhhu lhhu itiu tfrei tfreijcit jcit ipic ipicgbi gbi efji efjit`ji t`ji drimtu dri mturr iti itiu u mib mibus us rus rusim im sf sfcfb cfbuj uj tub tubilh ilh sf sfoit oitgg tfr tfrcfl cfltum tum,, iti itiu u ipi ipicgb cgbi i sfb tubilh ciru rusim sfbiji mibsgdgmisg kil pflhfrisil.
99
93
3.9.4 JilgdfstisgMbglgs 9)
Lyfrg Lyfrg tfrus jflfr jflfrus us kil cfrti cfrtijcie jcie cfritly cfritlyi i sijp sijpig ig drihj drihjfl fl tu tubi bilh lh
kggj kggj`c `cgb gbgs gsis isg. g.
jfrrup jf upi imi mil l
cflt ltum um
^p ^pis isjf jf cgki gkig
`t `t`t `t
yi yilh lh
ibi bijg jgie ie
yi yil lh
jf jfly lyfr frti tigg kgr gril ilni nilh lh
dr drim imtu tur r ultu tum m
jfjglgjibmil hfrimil iltir drihjfl tubilh. Kfd`rjgtis 3)
Qiki
drimtur
piloilh,
tfroikg
pfjflkfmil
tubilh
yilh
sfcflirlyi mirfli m`ltrimsg `t`t yilh jfbfmit kg itis kil ciwie tfjpit drimtur. Drihjfl sfrglh sibglh jfbflhmipg situ siji bigl sijpig 3,6 sijpig 6 nj (9 sijpig 3 glng). >)
Mrfpgtisg ^iit fmstrfjgtis kgpfrgmsi kflhil tilhil, tfrici ikilyi kfrgm tubilh kglijimil mrfpgtisg yilh tfrici imgcit hfsfmil iltiri drihjfl situ kflhil bigllyi. Vog mrfpgtisg kipit jflhimgcitmil mfrusimil oirglhil bulim yilh bfcge cfrit.
;)
Qf Qfjc jcfl flhm hmim imil il ki kil lp pfr fruc ucie ieil il wi wirl rli i Qfjcfl Qfj cflhmi hmimil mil kil pf pfruc ruciei ieil l wir wirli li b`m b`mib ib piki piki mu mubgt bgt tfr tfroik oikgg sfcihig sfci hig imgc imgcit it triuji kil pfrki pfrkirieil rieil yilh jflh jflhgmutg gmutg drimtur. [ilki glg cgisi tfroikg sftfbie cfcfripi oij itiu eirg sftfbie nfkfri.
6)
Mfegbilhil dulhsg Egbilhlyi dulhsg tfroikg mirfli lyfrg yilh kgsfcicmil drimtur itiu mirfli mirfl i egbil egbilhlyi hlyi dulhsg pflh pflhulhm ulhmgt gt bflhi bflhil l piki tulh tulhmig mig yilh tfrmfli. Mfbujpueil ouhi kipit tfroikg kirg nfkfri sirid.
4)
^pisjf `t`t ^pis ^p isjf jf `t`t `t`t glv` glv`bu bult ltir ir cf cfrdu rdulh lhsg sg sf sfci cihi higg cg cgki kigg ib ibij ijgg ul ultu tum m jflhurilhg hfrimil bfcge bilout kirg drihjfl drimtur.
8)
Jfjir Jfjir tfroikg mirfli pfrkirieil sucmutil piki b`misg b `misg drimtur.
9>
3.9.8 Qfjfrgmsiil Qfluloilh 9)
U-riy, jflfltumil b`misg/buislyi drimtur.
3)
^nil tubil tubilh, h, jfjpf jfjpfrbgei rbgeitmil tmil drimtu drimturr bfcge ofbis ofbis,, jflh jflhgkflt gkfltgdgmi gdgmisg sg mfrusimil oirglhil bulim
>)
Irtfrg`hrij kgbimumil ultum jfjistgmil iki tgkimlyi mfrusimil vismubfr
;)
Egtu Egtulh lh ki kiri rie e bflh bflhmi mip, p, ef efj` j`m` m`ls lsfl fltr tris isgg ju julh lhmg mgl l jf jflg lglh lhmi mit, t, jflurul piki pflkirieil, pflglhmitil bfum`sgt sfcihig rfsp`l tfreikip tfre ikip pfri pfrikilh kilhil. il. Qr`dgb m`ih m`ihubis ubisg, g, pfru pfruciei cieil l kipi kipitt tfroi tfroikg kg piki mfegbilhil kirie, trildusg itiu ngkfri eitg.
6)
Mrftglgl triuji `t`t jflglhmitmil mrfitglgl(LGN L@N, 3196)
3.9.5 Qflitibimsiliil Jflurut Juttiqgl (319>) m`lsfp kisir pflitibimsili pflitibimsiliil il drimtur yigtu? 9) Drimtur tfrcumi. Jfrupimil misus fjfrhflsg mirfli kipit tfroikg m`ltijglisg `bfe cimtfrg kil kgsfrtig pfrkirieil yilh efcit kibij wimtu 4-5 oij (h`bkfl pfrg`k). Mujil cfbuj tfrbibu oiue jfrfsip kgbimumil? Qfjcfrsgeil bumi, fmsgsg oirglhil jitg itiu kfcrgkfjflt, efntglh sgtuisg kil pfjcfrgil iltgcg`tgm.
3) ^fbu ^fburue rue drimt drimtur. ur. Sfm` Sfm`hlgs hlgsgg (Qfl (Qflhfli hflibil). bil). Sgwiy Sgwiyit it mfoik mfoikgil gil eirus ofbis ultum jflfltumil jflfltumil kgihl`si kil tglkimil sfbiloutlyi sfbiloutlyi.. i. Sfk fku ums msgg (S (Sf fp`s `sgs gsg) g) tf tfrc rcu umi kfl flhi hil l dg dgms msis isgg gl gltf tfrrli (@ (@pf pfl l Sfkuntg`l ilk Gltfrlib Dgxitg`l/@SGD). Jfrupimil upiyi ultum jfjilgpubisg drihjfl tubilh sfeglhhi mfjcibg sfpfrtg sfjubi sfniri sfn iri `pt `ptgju gjuj. j. Kip Kipit it ouh ouhi i kgi kgirtgm rtgmil il rfk rfkums umsgg dri drimtu mturr (sf (sfttg ttglh lh tubilh) ikibie jflhfjcibgmil drihjfl tubilh piki mfsfoioiril kil r`tisg ilit`jgs.
9;
c. Sfk Sfkums umsgg tfrtut tfrtutup up kfl kflhil hil dgm dgmsis sisgg fmstf fmstfrli rli (@p (@pfl fl Sfk Sfkunt untg`l g`l ilk Fltfrlib Dgxitg`l/@SGD) Kg Kghu huli limi mil l
ul ultu tum m
jf jflh lh`c `cit itgg
pi piti tie e
tu tubi bilh lh
tf tfrc rcum umi i
yi yilh lh
jfbgcitmil mfrusimil oirglhil bulim. Fmstrfjgtis kgpfrtieilmil sfjfltiri kflhil hgps, cgkig itiu ibit bigl. Ibit gj`cgbgsisg glg imil im il jfl jfloih oihi i rfk rfkums umsgg kil jfl jflsti sticgb cgbmil mil fms fmstrf trfjgt jgtis is ult ultum um pflyfjcueil tubilh. Ibit glg imil jfjcfrgmil kumulhil yilh sticgb cihg drimtur n`jjglutfk (eilnur kil rfjum) sfjfltiri oirglhil bulim yilh eilnur kipit kgtilhilg kflhil imtgd (^jfbtzfr & Cirf, 319>).
n. Sf Sftf tfls lsgg ((Gj Gjj` j`cg cgbg bgsi sis sg) Vpiyi yilh kgbimumil ultum jflieil drihjfl tubilh sfeglhhi mfjcibg sfpfrtg sfjubi sfniri `ptgjib. ^ftfbie drimtur kgrfkumsg, drihjfl tubilh eirus kgj`cgbgsisg, itiu kg pfrtieilmil kibij p`sg p` sgsg sg mf mfsf sfoi oioi oiri ril l yi yilh lh cf cfli lirr si sijp jpig ig tf tfro roik ikgg pfly pflyit itui uil. l. Gj`cgb Gj` cgbgsi gsisg sg kip kipit it kgb kgbimu imumi mil l kfl kflhil hil dgm dgmsis sisgg fms fmstfr tfrlib lib jfb jfbgpu gputg tg pfjcibutil, hgps, cgkig, trimsg m`ltglu, pgl, kil tfmlgm hgps, itiu dgmsit`rfmstfrlib. Gjpbilt b`hij kipit kghulimil ultum dgmsisg gltfrlib
yilh
cfrpfril
sfcihgi
cgkig
gltfrli
ultum
jflhgj`cgbgsisg drimtur.
k. Hrid ttu ubilh Wigtu Wig tu pf pflhh lhhilt iltgil gil oir oirglh glhil il tub tubilh ilh ult ultum um jfl jflsti sticgb cgbmil mil sfl sflkg, kg, jflhgsg kfdfm itiu pfrilhsilhil kibij pr`sfs pflyfjcueil. [gpf hrid yilh kghulimil tfrhiltulh piki b`misg yilh tfrmfli, m`lkgsg tubilh, kil oujbie tubilh yilh egbilh imgcit ngkfri. Hridt tubilh kipit cfrisib kirg tubilh pisgfl sflkgrg (iut`hridt) itiu tubilh kirg tgssuf cilm (ibb`hridt) (^jfbtzfr & Cirf, 319>)
96
f. Sfeicgbgt gbgti isg Vpiyi Vpi yi jfl jflheg heglki lkirg rg itr itr`p `pgg kil m` m`ltr ltrimt imtur ur kfl kflhil hil dgs dgsg`t g`tfri fripg. pg. Sfkumsg kil gj`cgbgsisg eirus kgpfrtieilmil sfsuig mfcutueil. ^titus ^ti tus lf lfur` ur`vis vismub mubfr fr (jg (jgssi ssib? b? Qfl Qflhmi hmiogi ogil l pfr pfrfk fkiri iril l kir kirie, ie, lyfrg, lyfr g, pfri pfriciil ciil,, hfrim hfrimil) il) kgpi kgpiltiu, ltiu, kil iebg cfki cfkie e `rte` `rte`pfkg pfkg kgcfrg kgc frgtie tieu u sfh sfhfri fri cgb cgbi i iki til tilki ki hil hilhhu hhuil il lfu lfur`v r`vism ismubf ubfr. r. Mfhfbgsie Mfhf bgsieil il ilsgf ilsgftis tis kil mftgk mftgkimly imlyijil ijilil il kgm` kgm`ltr`b ltr`b kflh kflhil il cfrcihig pflkfmitil (jgsiblyi? jflyimglmil, pfrucieil p`sgsg, stihfrg stih frg pfrf pfrfkiil kiil lyfr lyfrg, g, tfrji tfrjisum sum ilib ilibhftgm hftgm). ). Bitge Bitgeil il gs`jf gs`jftrgn trgn kil sfttglh `t`t kgusieimil ultum jfjglgjibmil itr`dg kgsusf kil jflglhmitmil pfrfkiril kirie. Qirtgsgpisg kibij imtgvgtis egkup egku p sfei sfeirg-eir rg-eirgg kgus kgusieim ieimil il ultu ultum m jfjp jfjpfrcig frcigmg mg mfji mfjilkgrg lkgrgil il dulhsg dul hsg kil eir eirhi hi kgr kgrg. g. Qfl Qflhfj hfjcib cibgil gil cfr cfrtie tieip ip pik piki i imt imtgvg gvgtis tis sfjubi kgusieimil sfsuig citisil tfripfutgm.
3.9.7 M`jpbgmisg Jflurut Xiegk (319>) m`jpbgmisg drimtur kgcfkimil jfloikg m`jpbgmisg iwib kil biji yigtu? 9)
M`jpbgmisg iwib Mfrusi Mfr usimil mil irt irtfrg frg Qf Qfnie niely lyi i irt irtfrg frg mi mirfl rfli i tri triuji uji cgs cgsi i kgt kgtilk ilkig ig kflhil tgkim ikilyi likg, NS[ jflurul, sgil`sgs cihgil kgstib, efji jit` t`ji ji yilh bfc fci ir, kil
kgl glhg hgl l
piki fms mstr trf fjgt gti is
yil ilh h
kgsfcicmil `bfe tglkimil fjfrhflny spbgltglh, pfrucieil p`sgsg piki yilh simgt, tglkimil rfkumsg kil pfjcfkieil.
3)
M`jpirtfjfl sylkr`j r`j. M`jpirtfjflt sglkr`j jfrupimil m`jpbgmisg sfrgus yilh tfroikg mirfli tfrofcimlyi `t`t, tubilh, sirid, kil pfjcubue kirie kibij oirglhil pirut. Glg kgsfcicmil `bfe `kfji itiu pfrfkiril irie yilh jflfmil `t`t, tubilh, siriid kil pfjcubue kirie. ^fbigl gtu
94
mirfli tfmilil kirg buir sfpfrtg hgps kil pfjcfcitil yilh tfrbibu muit.
>)
Dit fjc`bgs bgsj sylkr`j M`jpgb M`j pgbisg isg sfr sfrgus gus yi yilh lh sfr sfrglh glh tfr tfroik oikgg pik piki i mis misus us dri drimtu mturr tub tubilh ilh piloilh. DF^ tfroikg mirfli sfb-sfb bfjim yilh kgeisgbmil c`lf jirr`w mulglh jisum mf ibgril kirie kil jflyfcicmil tglhmit `msghfl kibij kirie yilh kgtilkig kflhil hilhhuil pfrlidisil, timgmirkg, egpfrtflsg, timgplfu kil kfjij.
;)
Gl Gldf dfm msg ^gstf gstfj j pf pfrt rti ieil ili il tu tucu cue e ru rusi sim m cgb gbi i ik iki i tr triu iuj ji piki oirglhil. Qiki triuji `rte`pfkgm gldfmsg kgjubig piki mubgt (supfrdgngib) kil jisum mfkibij. Glg cgisilyi tfroikg piki misus drimtur tfrcumi, tipg cgsi ouhi mirfli pflhuliil cieil bigl kibij pfjcfkieil sfpfrtg pgl kil pbit.
6)
Ivismubfr l lf fmr`sgs Ivismubfr Lfmr`sgs (IT) tfroikg mirfli ibgril kiirie mf tubilh rusim itiu tfrhillhu yilh cgsi jflyfcicmil lfmr`sgs tubilh kil kgiwibg kflhil ikilyi T`bmjil Gsnefjgi.
4)
^e`nm ^e`nm tfroikg mirfli mfegbilhil cilyim kirie kil jflglhmitlyi pfrj pf rjfi ficg cgbg bgti tis s
mi mipg pgbf bfrr
yi yilh lh
cg cgsi si
jf jfly lyfc fcim imil il
jf jflu luru rull llyi yi
`msghflisg.
8)
M`jpbgmisg bbi ilout. Cgis Cgisil ilyi yi tf tfroi roikg kg sf sftf tfbi bie e cf cfcf cfri ripi pi cu cubi bil l it itiu iu ti tieu eul l sf sftf tfbi bie e tf tfro roik ikgl glyi yi dr drim imtu turr pi piik iki i pi pisg sgfl fl yi yilh lh tf tfbi bie e jf jflo loib ibil ilgg pr pr`s `sfs fs pfjcfkieil.
98
Jflurut mutgpil kirg ^jfbtzfr kil Cirf (319>), m`jpbgmisg glg kipit cfrupi? i.
M` M`jp jpbgm bgmis isgg pik piki i sfl sflkg kg sf sfpf pfrt rtgg mfm mfmim imui uil l sfl sflkg kg yi yilh lh jf jflf lfti tip p kil pflyimgt kfhflfritgd sflkg pisni triuji.
c.
M` M`jp jpbg bgmi misg sg pi piki ki tu tubi bilh lh sfp sfpfr frtg tg pf pfly lyfj fjcu cuei eil l dr drim imtu turr yi yilh lh tg tgki kim m l`rjib (kfbiyfk ulg`l, jib ulg`l, l`l ulg`l).
n.
M`j M`jpbg pbgmi misg sg p piki iki `t` `t`tt sf sfpfr pfrtg tg i itr` tr`dg dg ` `t`t t`t kil rup ruptur turf f tf tflk lk`l `l bbilo ilout. ut.
k.
M`j `jp pbgm bgmisg piki syir irid id sfp fpfr frtg tg ti tirk rky y lf lfrv rvf f pibsy bsy yig igtu tu sir irid id jflfcib imgcit ikilyi dgcr`sgs gltrilfurib.
3.3
M`lsfp Isueil Mfpfriwitil Gltri kil Q`st @prisg Drimtur
3.3.9 Qflhmiogil Mfpfriwitil
D@MV^ QFLHMIOGIL
Qrgjfry survfy i. Igr Igrwiy wiy?? Jfji Jfjistg stgmil mil mf mfpit pitfli flil l oibi oibil l lip lipis is til tilpi pi iki ikilyi lyi sujcitil itiu `cstrumsg, c. Cr Crfi fite tegl glh? h? jf jfji jist stgm gmil il gr grij iji i li lipi pis s l` l`rj rjib ib it itiu iu nf nfpi pit, t, p` p`bi bi lipis lipi s tfrit tfritur, ur, tgkim iki kysp kysplfi, lfi, tgkim iki lipi lipis s nupg nupglh lh egkulh,kil suiri lipis vfsgmubfr, n.
Ngrnu Ngrnubitg` bitg`l? l? l likg ikg bfji bfjie/ e/ tg tgkim kim tfric tfrici, i, n nfpit fpit .9 Qflhmiogil Mfpfriwitil Eirg
? Jglhhu
[ilhhib ? 17 Kfsfjcfr 3195 [fjpit ? GC^ S^ QMV Jueijjikgyie W`hyimirti
39
jf jfbi bimu mumi mil l
Jft`kf ? Xiwilniri kil `csfrvisg ^ujcfr ? Qisgfl @bfe
? Me`frur S S` `sgk Ib Gsbij
I. Gkfl Gkfltg tgti tis s Qis Qisgf gfl l Liji
? [l. C
Vjur
? 61 [ieul
Oflgs mfbijgl
? Bimg bimg
Ibijit
? M`kyi W`hyimirti
Qfmfroiil
? Huru
^titus
? Miwgl
Kgihl`si
? nb`sf drinturf dfjur sglgstri
L`.SJ
? 89-53-xx
[hb.Jisum
? 17 Kfsfjcfr 3195
C. Qf Qfli lilh lhhu hulh lh Oiw Oiwic ic Liji
? Ly.^
Vjur
? ;7 [ieul
Ibijit
? M`kyi W`hyimirti
Euculhil Eucu lhil kfl kflhil hil pis pisgfl gfl ? Gstrg pisgfl
N. Sgw Sgwiyi iyitt Mf Mfsfe sfeiti itil l 9. Mfbueil utiji ? Qisgfl jflhitimil lyfrg kg piei cihgil mgrg 3. Sgwi Sgwiyi yitt p pfl flyi yimg mgtt s sfm fmir iril ilh h? Qisgfl Qis gfl kit kitil ilh h mf S^ QM QMV V Jue Jueijj ijjikg ikgyie yie W` W`hyi hyimir mirti ti kf kflhi lhil l nb`sf drinturf dfjur sglgstri kil kg pglkiemil mf GC^ kg bimumil `rgd dfjur sglgstri piki tilhhib 17 Kfsfjcfr 3195 oij 9>.>1 wgc >. Sgwiy gwiyit it ki kie eubu ubu ? Qisgfl jflhitimil eilyi jflhibijg pflyimgt dbu kil citum sfpfrtg cgisi kil tgkim iki jisibie pflyimgt bigllyi.
33
;. Sgwi Sgwiyi yitt p pfl flyi yimg mgtt m mfb fbui uirh rhi i? Qisgfl jflhitimil Mfbuirhi tgkim iki yilh jflkfrgti pflyimgt sfpfrtg yilh kg ibijg pisgfl
K. Q`bi Du Dulhsg lhsg Tgrhgl Tgrhglgi gi Eflkf Eflkfrs`l rs`l 9) Mf Mfc. c. C Cfr frli lidi dis sk kfl flhi hil l l` l`rj rjib ib ^fcfbuj kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil kipit cfrlidis kflhil l`rjib tilpi ciltuil ibit. ^iit kgmiog ? pisgfl jflhitimil kipit cfrlidis kflhil l`rjib. SS ? 31 x/jlt.
3) Mfc. L Lu utrgsg ^fcfbuj kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil jimil 3-> x/er, kflhil bium pium sfikilyi, p`rsg eicgs. Jgluj 4-5 hfbis sfkilh pfreirg kflhil jgluj igr putge. ^iit kgmiog ? Qisgfl Qis gfl jfl jflhit hitimi imil l jim jimil il sfs sfsuig uig kf kflhi lhil l kgg kggtt yilh yilh kgc kgcfrgm frgmil il rujie simgt, pisgfl kgpuisimil sfoim pumub 18.11 XGC piki tilhhib 17 Kfsfjcfr 3195.
>) Mfc. F Fbbgjglisg ^fcfbuj kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil CIM 6/4 x/er, kflhil wirli mfmulglhil, cfrc cf rciu iu me meis is.. CI CIC C 9 x/ x/er er kf kflh lhil il m` m`ls lsgs gstf tfls lsgg bf bfjc jcfm fm,, wi wirl rli i mfmulglhil, cfrciu meis. ^iit kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil CIC 9x/er, CIM 611 nn mibg pfreirg kg tfjpit pflijpulhil/urglfcih kflhil wirli mulglh, cfrciu meis Qisgfl tfrpisilh K`wl Nitftfr umuril 95.
3>
;) Mf Mfc. c. Hfrim Hfrim kil mfs mfsfgj fgjcil cilhil hil tuc tucue ue ^fcfbuj kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil jijpu cfrimtgvgtis tilpi ciltuil `rilh bigl, pisgfl tftip jfbimumil imtgvgtis sfeirg-eirg. ^iit kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil eilyi cgsi cfrcirglh kg tfjpit tgkur mirfli m`lkgsg mimg mgrglyi yilh pitie j`t`rgm mimg mgrg : 9
6) Mf Mfc. c. Gs Gstg tgri riei eitt k kil il tg tgku kur r ^fcfbuj kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil kipit tgkur kflhil lyflyim tilpi hilhhuil `rilh bigl, ^iit kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil tgkur cfrmurilh mirfli risi lyfrg silhit jflhhilhhu. Lyfrg smibi 5
4) Mfc. Cfrpim rpimig igil il ^fcfbuj kgmiog ? Qisgfl
jflhitimil
kipit
jflhflimil
pimigillyi
sflkgrg
tilpi ciltuil `rilh bigl itiu mfbuirhi. ^iit kgmiog ? Qisgfl
jflhitimil
kgciltu
pfriwit
kil
mfbuirhi
mftgmi
jflhflimil pimigil
8) Mf Mfc. c. Jfj Jfjpf pfrti rtieil eilmil mil su sueu eu tu tucue cue k kil il tfj tfjpf pfrit ritur ur ^fcfbuj kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil mftgmi kglhgl jflhflimil oimft mftgmi pilis jflhflimil mi`s. ^iit kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil mftgmi kglhgl jflhflimil sfbgjut, mftgmi pilis tgkim jfjimig jflhhulimil mi`s pflkfm. pflkfm. ^ueu ? >4¿ N.
3;
5) Mf Mfc. c. Q Qfr frs` s`li libb ey eyhg hgfl flf f ^fcfbuj kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil jilkg 3 mibg sfeirg, mfrijis 9 mibg sfeirg, jflhh jf lhh`s` `s`m m hgh hghgg 9 mi mibgbg sfe sfeirg irg til tilpi pi cil ciltui tuil l `ri `rilh lh big bigl l iti itiu u mfbuirhi. ^iit kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil eilyi kgsfmi `bfe pfriwit kil mfbuirhi
7) Mf Mfc. c. Sisi Sisi ij ijil il ki kil ll lyi yiji jil l ^fcfbuj kgmiog ? Qisgfl
jflhitimil
jfrisimil
lyijil
mftgmi
cfriki
kgbglhmulhil rujielyi kil jflhioir kg sfm`bie ^iit kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil eilyi tfrkgij kg tfjpit tgkur mirfli simgt yilh kg kfrgti
91) Mfc. M`j M`julgm ulgmisg isg kflh kflhil il `rilh big bigl l ^fcfbuj kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil tgkim iki hilhhuil kibij cfrm`julgmisg mfpiki `rilh bigl. ^iit kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil tgkim iki hilhhuil kibij cfrm`julgmisg mfpiki `rilh bigl kil jfrisi sflilh mftgmi kg ioim lh`cr`b.
99) Mf Mfc. c. ^pg ^pgrgt rgtuib uib ^fcfbuj kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil kipit jfbimsilimil jfbimsilimil gcikie se`bit 6 wimtu. ^iit kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil eilyi se`bit kflhil cfrcirglh kg tfjpit tgkur
36
93) Mf Mfc. c. C Cfmf fmfroi roi ^fcfbuj kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil cfmfroi sfcihig huru ^iit kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil tgkim cgsi cfmfroi mirfli pflyimgt yilh kg ibijg sfmirilh
9>) Mf Mfc. c. Sf Sfmrf mrfisg isg ^fcfbuj kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil bfcge sfrglh mfhgitil kg buir rujie sfcihig tgj rfbiwil cflnili ibij ^iit kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil tgkim cgsi cfrpfrhgil kil jfbimumil mfhgitil cfrsiji tfjil tfjillyi mirfli simgt yilh kg kfrgti
9;) Mf Mfc. c. C Cfbi fbioir oir ^fcfbuj kgmiog ? Qisgfl jflhitimil jflkipit gld`rjisg kirg tfbfvgsg kil tfjil tfjillyi siit cfrtuhis kg bipilhil ^iit kgmiog ? Qisgfl
jflhitimil
jflkipit
pflyimgtlyi kirg k`mtfr kil pfriwit.
F. Mfikiil Vjuj ^ueu Likg
? >4.;¿ N ? 84 x/jflgt
[K
? 961/71 jjEh
SS
? 31x/jflgt
CC
? 51 mh
[C
? 981 nj
34
gld`rjisg
mfsfeitil
tfrmigt
D. Qfjfrgmsiil Dgsgm Mfikiil ujuj ? Cigm Mfsikiril
? N`jp`sjfltgs, HN^? F ? ;, T? 6, J ? 4
Nfpib`- Niukib ? 9) Mfp fpib ibi i Cfltum
? Jfs`sfpeib
Fmsprfsg
? Fmsprfsgd
^ggjftrgs wioie ^
? ^gjftrgs
Lyfrg tfmil sglus
? [gkim tfrkipit lyfrg tfmil sglus
Sijcut
? Egtij, kgstrgcusg jfriti
3) Jit iti i Cfltum
? L`rjib, mfkukumil c`bi jiti sgjftrgs
Qibpfcri
?L L` `rjib, ttggkim ttf frkipit p ptt`sgs gs,, bbi ih`dtibju bjus, `fkfji, pfrkirieil, cbfdirgtgs, jiupul xiltefbisji
Hfrimil
? L`rjib
M`loulhtgvi
? Il Ililfjgs
^mbfri
? Ilgmtfrgm
Qupgb
? Cubit, kgkipitmil gs`m`r, kgijftfr ; jj, rfdbfx nieiyi jg`sgs piki jiti milil kil mgrg 3 jj.
>) [f [fbg bglh lhi i Cfltum
? L`rj`tgi
Bgilh tfbglh glhi
? Bipilh
^frujfl
?[ [gk gki im k kgt gtf fjumil p pf flujpumil s sf frujfl p pi iki tfbglhi milil jiupul mgrg
Lyfrg iurgnub iurgnubir ir ? [gkim ik iki i lyfrg tir tirgm gm piki i iurgnu urgnubir bir mgrg ji jiupul upul milil Lyfrg tfmil trihus ? [gkim iki lyfrg tfmil pik piki i trihus mili milil l
38
jiupul mgrg
;) Egku Egkulh lh Cihg Ci hgil il buir buir
?L L`r `rji jib, b, tg tgki kim m tf tfrk rkip ipit it kf kfd` d`rj rjgt gtis is
^fptuj ? [frbftim kgtflhie, sgjftrgs Jum`si egkulh ? [gkim egpfrfjgs, m m`lmi `lmi lisi lisibgs bgs futr`dg Niv ivuj uj lis isgg
? [gki gkim iki pfr frki kiri rie eil
6) Jubu Jubutt kil tflh tflhh`r` h`r`m m Cgcgr
? L`rjib, punit, tgkim sgil`sgs
Hghg
? Eyhgflf cigm
Jum`si Jum `si jub jubut ut ? L` L`rji rjib, b, ttgki gkim m eg egpfr pfrfjg fjgs s Bgkie
? L`rj`hb`sgi, tgkim trfj`r, m`t`r
[`lsgb Dirglh
? Vmuril [9/[9, tflilh, tgkim egpfrfjgs ?[ [ggkim e eggpfrfjgs, i irrnus dirglh s sggjftrgs, u uv vubi k kgg tflhie
4) Bfefr Cflk Cf lkul ulhi hil l vf vfli li
? [g [gki kim mi iki ki c cfl flku kulh lhil il v vfl fli i
Mfbf Mf bfl loir oir tg tgr` r`gk gk
? [g [gk kim jf jfj jcf cfs sir ir,, jf jflh lhgm gmu utg hfr frim imi il
tr tri imf mfi i
Kg tflhie, dulhsg jfl jflfbil fbil ci cigm. gm.
8) [e [e`r `rix ix QISV-QISV Gl Glsp spf fms msgg
?^ ^gj gjft ftrg rgs, s, tg tgk kim i ik ki e efj fjgt gte` e`ri rix x yi yilh lh tf tfrt rtgl glhh hhib ib p pik iki i siit stitgs kil kglijgs
Qibpisg
? Hfrim s sggjftrgs v v` `nib ddrrfjgt gtu us s si iji m mu uit p pi iki mfkui efjgte`rix
Qfrmusg
?^ ^` `l`r p pi iki m mf fkui e ef fjgt gte e`rix, c ci itis p pi iru-efpir piki sfbi ghi TG piki bglfi jgkmbivgmubirgs kfxtri, kflhil pfriloimil 3 oirg pfjfrgmsi, citis pirubijculh piki sfbi ghi mf TGGG piki bglfi ixgbitgs
35
iltfrg`r sglgstri. Iusmubtisg
? ^uiri lidis vfsgmubfr, tgkim tfrkflhir r`lmeg jiupul weffzglh
OIL[VLH Gl Glsp spmf mfsg sg ?[ [gk gkim im ti tijp jpim im pu pubs bsis isgg ggnt ntus us n` n`rk rkgs gs Qibpisg
? [frkipit pubsisg gntus n`rkgs piki GN^ T,
kg
bglfi jgkmbivgmubirgs sglgstri Qfrmusg
?
- Citis oiltulh milil ? GN^ GGG - T , bglfi stfrlibgs kfxtri - Citis oiltulh mgrg ? GN^ T , 3-> nj kirg bglfi jgkmbivgmubirgs sglgstri
- Citis itis oiltulh ? GN^ GGG bglfi stfrlibgs sglgstri Iusmubtisg ? Culyg oiltulh G, GG rfhubir, tgkim tfrkflhir jurjur jiupul hibb`p
5) Ick`jfl Gl Glsp spfm fmsg sg
?I Ick ck`j `jfl fl s sgj gjft ftrg rgs, s, k kit itir ir,, tg tgki kim m tf tfrk rkip ipit it ooir irgl glhi hil l pirut, pir ut, str strgif gif kil mf mfbig biglil lil mub mubgt, gt, tgk tgkim im tfr tfrkpi kpitt pfbfciril vfli
Qibp Qi bpi isg
? Efp fpir ir kil bgfl bgfl tf tfri ric ci, ik iki i ly lyfr frgg tf tfm mil, ji jiup upul ul lyfrg bfpis,
Qfrm Qf rmus usgg
? [g [gjp jpil ilgg p pik iki i mf mffj fjpi pitt m mui uikr kril il ick` ick`jf jfl, l, tg tgki kim m ik iki i lyfrg mft`m NTI, cibb`tjflt (-)
Iusmubtisg
? Cgsglh usus p`sgtgd 9>x/jf 9>x/jflgt lgt
7) Hf Hflf lfti tibg bgi i [frpisilh sfbilh KN Vmuril 95
91) Fmstrfjgtis Itis
? ^gjftrgs, tilhil jisge bflhmip, tgkim ninit, ninit,nipgbbiry nipgbbiry
37
rfdgbb tgjf (NS[) > kftgm milil, mgrg > kftgm. tgkim iki `fkfji, piki tilhil mi milil lil tfrpisilh gldus SB 31 tpj kil tgkim iki bfsg. Cibutil gldus tfrbgeit cfrsge. Ciwie
?M Mi img m mi ilil l l` `rj rji ib m mi img m mggrg tfrkipit f fk kfji, mfjfrieil mfjfr ieil,bfsg ,bfsg,, kil tfrki tfrkipit pit mrip mripgtisg, gtisg,NS[ NS[ > kftgm mimg milil, NS[ mgrg > kftgm
H. Qfjfrgmsiil pfluloilh L`
L@
Qfjfrgmsiil
Eisgb
9 3 > ; 6 4
Bfm`sgt Cis`dgb F`sgl`dgb Lfutr`dgb Bgjd`sgt% J`l`sgt%
7.5 3 3 69 >5 8
8 5 7 91 99 93 9> 9; 96 94 98 95 97
F r``shgtb`cgl El ftj Efjitr`mgt J JN NT J JN NE JNEN S SK KX [r`jc`sgt JQT H`b`lhil kirie QQ[ M`ltr`b QQ[ IQ[[
65 ,;.8 3 9 ;8 54.3 37.6 >;.3 99.3 334 6.; :I: 9>.3 9>.5 >1.4
3 31 9
N H` Kl^tr` stbgnImQ9[[
3 76 8.6
Oflgs @cit
^ituil jj>
%
%
%
%
;-91 1-9 9-> 61-81 31-;1 3-5
%
Oh u/tk ib/jj> %
dB ph h/kb %
rgcu/jj> dB
K`sgs
Ituril Qimig
L`rjib
;3 .;.1 -6-9 .78.1 9 >7-63 53-75 38->; >3->4 99-94 961-;61 8-99
-
kftgm kftgm kftgm
99.1-96.1
k jfhtg/mkb
81-9;1
36.1->6.1
Glkgmisg
9
Gldus SB
611jb
31tpj
Qflijcie nigril
3
Mft`r`bin
>1h
3x9
Lyfrg
>
@lkilsftr`l
;jh
9x9
Iltg juib
;
Nfdtgix`lf
3hr
9x9
Iltgcg`tgn
E.[efripy
>1
3.>.3 Gltri @pfritgd i. Ki Kiti ti d` d`nu nus s Qisgfl kgbimumil hflfrib ilistfsg, pisgfl kgbimumil pfjcfkieil kg dr`ltibgs kflhil jft`kf nrilg`t`jy [K ? 9;7/78 L ? 911x/jlt ^p@3 ? 911 %. Ilijlfsi ? Qisgfl tijpim bfjis I ? [gkim iki sujcitil sujcitil oibil lidis C ? ^uiri lidis vfsgmubfr 31x/jflgt N ? [gkim iki sgil`sgs, NS[ > kftgm
c. Ilib Ilibgsi gsi Ki Kiti ti Glt Gltri ri @pf @pfrisg risg L` 9
Eirg/thb/oij
Kiti
Jisibie
Ks ? Jglhhu, 17 Kfsfjcfr K` ? Qisgfl kgbimumil 3195 Oij 9>.31 XGC
pfjcfkieil dfjur sglgstri [K ? 9;7/78 L ? 911x/jlt ^p@3 ? 911 %
Ftg`b`hg
Sfsgm` Qr`sfs pfrkirieil pfjcfkieil `rgd
n. Suj Sujusi usil l Kg Kgihl ihl`si `si Mfp Mfpfri friwit witil il Sfsgm` Qfrkirieil Cfreuculhil Kflhil Qr`sfs Qfjcfkieil
>9
Glkgmit`r Iwib [uouil > ; Qfrkiriei l tgkim tfroikg [[T > ; L`rjib
k. Sf Sfln lnil ili i Gl Gltri tri @p @pfr fris isgg L` Kgihl`si 9
[uouil
Gltfrvflsg
Sgsgm` ^ftfbie kgbimumil tglkimil Qfrkirieil mfpfriwitil sfbiji 9 x 3 oij, kgeiripmil jisibie rgsgm` pfrkirieil kipit tfritisg kflhil mrgtfrgi eisgb ? Mftfrilhil ? 9. Cfrit 3. Nu Num mup cfri ritt >. ^fkilh ;. Sglhil 6. [gki gkim iki
f. Gjp Gjpbfj bfjflt fltisg isg kil Fvi Fvibui buisg sg L`. Kx [hb/ Oij Gjpbfjfltisg 9
Jglhhu 17 Kfsfjcfr 3195 Oij 9>.61 XGC
9. Jfj`lgt`r pfrkirieil piki siit `pfrisg 3. Jiliofjfl tfroikglyi pfrkirieil
>3
Sisg`lib
9. 9. J` J`lg lgt` t`rr pfrkirieil yilh kg bimumil glsgsg
Vl Vltu tum m jflhftieug sfcfripi cilyim pfrkirieil
yilh Vl Vltu tum mtfroikg jflhurilhg mfoikgil fjfrhflsg siit glsgsg Vl Vltu tum m jflhftieug stitus efj`kglijgm Vl Vltu tum m jfj`lgt`r eyp`v`bfjgm
3. Gl Glhi hitm tmil il 3. `pfrit`r kil isgstfl ogmi tfroikg pfrkirieil >. efcit >. J` J`lg lgt` t`rr [[T ;. J` J`lg lgt` t`rr ;. nigril
Fvibuisg ^?@ ? Qfrkirieil 361 nn ^ ? @ ? @pfrit`r kil isgstfl jfbimumil sfntg`l piki irfi pfrkirieil kil m`ihubisg kflhil n`utfr
>. Jflhumur kil j`lgt`rglh [[T
>>
^ ? @? [K ? 33>/996 jjEh SS ? 31x/jlt L ? 911 x/jlt ^ ? >8` N
3.>.> Q`st @pfritgd i. Kiti d`nus Qisgfl tfrkipit cfmis bumi piki dfjur sglgstri, MV ? Cigm. [K ? 9;1/996, L ? 75, SS ? 31, ^ ? >4¿N, ^p@3 ? 911%. c. Il Ilib ibgs gsi ik kit iti iQ Qis isni ni @p @pfr fris isgg L` 9
n.
Eirg/thb/oij
Kiti
Jisibie Ftg`b`hg
Jglhhu, 17 Kfsfjcfr 3195 Oij 9;.11 wgc
Ks ? Sgsgm` K` ? Gldfmsg Qisgfl tfrkipit cfmis bumi piki piki dfjur sglgstri, MV ? Cigm, [K ?9;1/996, L ? 75, SS ? 31, ^ ? >4¿N, ^p@3 ? 911%.
Qr`sfkur glvisgd
Su Suju jusi sil l Kg Kgih ihl` l`si si M Mfp fpfr friw iwit itil il Sfsgm` Gldfmsg Cfreuculhil Kflhil Qr`sfkur Glvisgd
k. Sf Sfln lnil ili ip pis isni ni `p `pfr fris isgg L` Kgihl`s [uouil i 9. Sfsgm` ^ftfbie Gldfmsg
Gltfrvflsg kgbimumil
tglkimil M`ltr`b Gldfmsg
Sisg`lib 9. Vltum
Qfrtiei eilmi lmil l mfpfriwitil sfbiji 9 x 91 jflgt 9. Qfrti
jflnfhie
kgeiripmil jisibie rgsgm`
tfmlgm gs`bisg
tfroikglyi
gldfmsg kipit tfritisg kflhil
yilh sfsuig
gldfmsg kirg
mrgtfrgi eisgb ? M`ltr`b Sgsgm` ?
3. Citi Citisg sg oujbie pflhuloulh
Qr`sfs Gldfmsg Glkgmit`r
Iwib [uouil
Gkfltgdgmisg
>
dimt`r
pflyimgt jflubir kil tgkim jflubir
6 >. Ioirmi
rgsgm`
pisgf sgfl
gldfmsg
>;
3 3.. Vl Vltu tum m
Jfjpfrtieilmil >
6
bglhmulhil yilh cfrsge J`lgt`r
jflhurilhg
nung tilhil
gldfmsg yilh
;. Hulimil >
6
sicul
liltglyi cfrmfjcilh.
iltgjgmr`ci >. Vltum
pfrucieil stitus Mfsfeitil Jflnung tilhil
jflhflig
>
6
ultum nung
jflnfhie
tilhil
tfroikglyi
6. Qimig sirulh
Mftfrilhil ?
gldfmsg piki irfi bumi
9. Cfrit
tilhil
3. Nu Num mup c cfr fri it
stfrgb mftgmi
jflnfhie
>. ^fkilh
imil
tfroikglyi
;. Sglhil
jfbimumil
gldfmsg.
6. [gkim iki
pfriwitil
;. Vltum
6. Vltum
bumi
jflnfhie
4. Bimumil
tfroikglyi
pfriwitil
gldfmsg piki
bumi
bumi p`st `p.
8. K`r`lh
4. Vltum
gltimf
jfjglgji
pisgfl
bmil gldfmsg yilh tfroikg piki bumi p`st `p. 8. Vltum jflnfhie tfroikglyi gldfmsg kil jflglhmit mil lutrgsg piki pisgfl
>6
f.
Qfbimsiliil kil fvibuig pisni `pfrisg
L`. [hb/ Oij Kx 9 Jglhhu, 17 Kfsfjcfr 3195 Oij 9;.96 XGC
Gjpbfjfltisg
Fvibuisg
9. Jf Jfbi bim mum umi il j`lgt` lgt`rg rgl lh stitus mfsfeitil ([[T)
^? Qisgfl jflhitimil eilyi jflhfrij. @? [K ? 9;1/996 jjEh L ? 75, SS ? 31 ^ ? >4¿N, ^p@3 ? 911%.
3. Jf Jfbi bimu mumi mil l tfm tfmlg lgm m isfptgm piki bglhmulhil (Suilh Qfjubgeil)
^?@? Jflo Jf loiu iuem emil il pi pisg sgfl fl ki kirg rg cilyimlyi pflhuloulh. ^?-
>. Jfb Jfbimu imumi mil l nu nung ng ttil ilhil hil
>4
@? Qfri Qf riwi witt jf jfbi bimu mumi mil l nu nung ng tilhi til hil l mft mftgmi gmi imil cfrsfltueil kflhil pisgfl.
CIC GGG QFLV[VQ
>.9 Mfsgjpubil Drimtu Dri mturr iki ikibie bie pit pitie ie tub tubilh ilh,, cgi cgisil silyi yi kgs kgsfci fcicm cmil il `bf `bfe e tri triuji uji iti itiu u tflihi dgsgm. Mfmuitil kil sukut kirg tflihi tfrsfcut, mfikiil tubilh kil oirglhil bulim kgsfmgtir tubilh imil jflfltumil ipimie drimtur yilh tfroikg gtu bflhmip itiu tgkim bflhmip (Qrgnf & Xgbs`l, 3114 kibij Ipbgmisg Isueil Mfpfriwitil Cfrkisirmil Kgihl`si Jfkgs kil Lilki Lgn-L`n 3196). Cfrkisirmil tgloiuil tf`rg kil misus yilh tfbie kgpipirmil kgitis kipit kgsgjpubm kgsgj pubmil il ciew ciewi i sfbij sfbiji i pr`s pr`sfs fs isue isueil il mfpf mfpfriwit riwitil il pfrg` pfrg`pfrit pfritgd gd pfrbu jfjpfreitgmil m`julgmisg, pfrsgipil ibit kil pfrsgipil jfltib yilh cigm sfeglhhi pr`sfs pfjcfkieil kipit cfroibil kflhil cigm. Qr`sfs isueil tfrsfcut kgkipitmil kui kgihl`si kibij isueil mfpfriwitil gltri kil p`st `pfritgd drimtur yigtu Sfsgm` pfrkirieil cfreuculhil kflhil pr`sfkur glvisgd kil glsgsg pfjcfkieil pfjcfkieil kil Sgsgm` gldfmsg cfreuculh cfreuculhil il kflhil pr`sfk pr`sfkur ur glvisgvf.
>.3 ^iril Jieisgswi eirus bfcge jfjieijg tfltilh isueil mfpfriwitil gltri kil p`st `pfrisg drimtur ihir kipit jfjcfrgmil isueil mfpfriwitil sfniri jimsgjib jims gjib kil ouhi jijpu jflf jflfripm ripmilly illyi i kg biei bieil l primt primtgm gm kfjg jfjcfr jfjcfrgg pfbiyilil mfsfeitil yilh cigm cihg mbgfl.
>8
KID[IS QV^[IMI
Ipbfy, I. Hrieij. 9776. 9776 . Cumu Ioir @rt`pfkg kil Drimtur ^gstfj Ipbfy . Xgkyi Jfkgmi? Oimirti. EirkoQr`hrij Eirko`wgko `wgko`t`, `t`, ^tukg ^. 3196 3196. . Ilit`jg Dgsg`b`hg [rimtus Vr`hflgtib.Igrbilhhi ^uriciyi,/ Vr`b`hg Dimubtis Dimubtis Mfk`mtfr Mfk`mtfril il Vlgvfrsgtis S^VK. kr. ^`ft`j`. Efrkjil, [ efitefr. 3193. Kgi Kgihl` hl`sgs sgs Mf Mfpfr pfriwi iwitil til LI LILKI LKI.31 .319393319;.Oimirti 319; .Oimirti ? FHN B`l B`lh, h, C.N., 3196. Qfriwitil Jfkgmib Cfkie ? ^uitu Qflkfmitil Qr`sfs Mfpfriwitil. Mfpfriwitil. Oimirti, Qflfrcgt Cumu Mfk`mtfril FHN. Lilki Gltfr Lilki Gltfrlitg` litg`lib. lib.3199. 3199. Lursg Lursglh lh Kgih Kgihl`sfs l`sfs ? kfdgl kfdglgtg`l gtg`l kil nbiss nbissgdgni gdgnitg`l tg`l @swirg , F. 311 3111. 1. Cf Cfkie kie kil Qfr Qfriwi iwitil tillyi lyi.. Oi Oimi mirti rti ? DM DMVG VG Qflyimgt Fkgsg 4 T`b G, Qflfrcgt Cumu Mfk`mtfril. Oimirti Qrglnf,sybdgi I. 3114. 3114. Qit`dgsg`b`hg ? m`lsfp mbglgs pr`sfs-pr`sfs pflyimgt T`b. 3, Fkgsg 4. Oimirti? FHN Sisoik N.3196. Qflhiltir Cfkie @rt`pfkg. Q[. Wirsfd Xitijp`lf ? Oimirti. Eib >51- >76 ^ifdukgl. (3191). Ilit`jg [ucue Jilusgi Vltum Jieisgswi Mfpfriwitil Mfpfriwitil.. Oimirti ? ^ibfjci Jfkgmi ^jfbtzfr, ^uzillf N. 3113. Cumu Ioir Mfpfriwitil Jfkgmib Cfkie. Oimirti? FHN Vlkilh-Vlkilh L` 3> [ieul 9778 [fltilh Mfsfeitil
>5
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