Makalah Diabetes Mellitus Pada Anjing Dan Kucing

 

DOEOCOB KCD] ^MF[OEKP @OCOD KK –@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj—

@lsmf ^mdhkdhkfj7

`rb. Zo L`m Qofto Dlfkao, D.Qk @ksusuf Lcmb7

Qmptko`k [usui Qucokdof (A>1??2?180)

^XLJXOD QP]@K EM@LEPMXOF BMZOF IOE]CPOQ EM@LEPMXOF ]FKYMXQKPOQ BOQOF]@@KF DOEOQQOX  8>8?

 

EOPO ^MFJOFPOX  ^ugk syueur ekto pofgoteof embo`krot Pubof [ofj Dobo Mso otos ckdpobof robdot rob dot `of bk`oyo bk`oyob-F b-Fyo yo smbkfj smbkfjjo jo soyo `opot `opot dmfymc dmfymcmsok msokeof eof doeoco doeocob b Kcdu Kcdu ^mfyoekt @ocod KK tmpot po`o woetufyo `of tmrsusuf bkfjjo smcmsok. Doeocob kfk dmdhobos dmfjmfok "@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj—. Qoyo dmfjuaopeof hofyoe tmrkdo eoskb empo`o smduo pkboe yofj tmcob  hmrelftrkhusk `ocod pmdhuotof doeocob kfk smbkfjjo soyo `opot dmfymcmsokeof doeocob kfk. Qoyo hmrborop doeocob kfk `opot dmdhmrk dofioot empo`o pmdhoao `of utodofyo empo`o soyo smf`krk. Qoyo dmfyo`ork smpmfubfyo hobwo doskb hofyoe  emsocob emso cobof of `of emeuro emeurofjo fjof f po`o po`o doeoco doeocob b kfk, kfk, hoke hoke `ork `ork smjk smjk susufof susufof eockdo eockdott dou do upu puf f toto totof fof hobo hoboso so.. Lcmb Lcmb eor ormf mfoo ktu, ktu, `mf `mfjo jof f to tofj fjof of tm tmrh rhue ueoo so soy yo dmfjboropeof erktke `of sorof yofj hmrskiot dmdhofjuf `ork smduo pkboe jufo  pmfymdpurfoof doeocob kfk.

Doeossor, 8= Letlhmr 8>8?

^mfucks,

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

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@OIPOX KQK EOPO ^MFJOFPOX.......................... ^MFJOFPOX................................................ ............................................ .................................. ............ 8 @OIPOX KQK............................................. KQK................................................................... ............................................ .............................. ........ 1 HOH K ^MF@OB]C]OF ?.? Cotor Hmcoeofj......................................... Hmcoeofj............................................................... ...................................... ................ 0 ?.8 Xudusof Dosocob.............................................. Dosocob..................................................................... ........................... .... = ?.1 Puguof ^mfmcktkof........................ ^mfmcktkof.............................................. ............................................ .............................= .......= ?.0 Dofioot ^mfmcktkof............................. ^mfmcktkof................................................... ............................................= ......................= HOH KK PKFGO]OF ^]QPOEO 8.? @mikfksk.......................................... @mikfksk................................................................ ............................................. .......................... ... 9 8.8 Mtklcljk................................. Mtklcljk....................................................... ............................................ ................................... ............. : 8.1 ^otljmfmso....................................... ^otljmfmso............................................................. ............................................ ........................ .. 2 O. Dmeofksdm ^mfjoturof ^mfjoturof Eo`or Eo`or Juco @orob............................. @orob............................. 2 H. Ohflrdocktos Eo`or Jcuelso Jcuelso @orob................................ @orob........................................?? ........?? 8.0 Pof`o Eckfks........................................ Eckfks.............................................................. .......................................... .................... ?0 8.= @kojflso........................................................................................?= 8.9 @kojflso Hof`kfj................................... Hof`kfj......................................................... ...................................... ................ ?9 8.: ^mfjlhotof................................ ^mfjlhotof...................................................... ............................................ .............................. ........ ?9 O. Kfsuckf......................................... Kfsuckf............................................................... ............................................ ........................ ?: H. Lhot Bkpljckemdke Lroc............................................ Lroc.......................................................... .............. ?; HOH KKK ^MF]P]^ 1.? Emskdpucof................................. Emskdpucof....................................................... ............................................ .............................88 .......88 1.8 Qorof........................................ Qorof.............................................................. ............................................ ................................ ..........88 88 @OIPOX ^]QPOEO.................................. ^]QPOEO........................................................ ............................................ ............................ ...... 81

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

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HOH K ^MF@OB]C]OF ?.? ?.? Coto Cotorr Hmco Hmcoeo eofj fj

Bmwof Bmw of dmrupo dmrupoeof eof doebcu doebcue e bk`up bk`up yofj yofj dutcoe dutcoe dmdhut dmdhutube ubeof of osupof osupof mfmrjk uftue emcofjsufjof bk`up. Qudhmr mfmrjk utodo po`o bmwof hmrosoc `ork eorhlbk`rot. Eorhlbk`rot oeof `kdmtohlcksdm `ork hmftue eldpcmes (plcksoeork`o) dmfgo` dmf go`kk eldplf eldplfmf mf sm`mrbo sm`mrbofo fo (dlfls (dlflsoeo oeork` rk`o) o) smpmrtk smpmrtk jcuels jcuelso. o. Jcuel Jcuelso so oeof oeof dosue em `ocod `orob smbkfjjo `ksmhut `mfjof jcuelso `orob (juco `orob). Eo`or  jcuelso `orob `kotur sm`mdkekof rupo ojor `opot dmdmfubk emhutubof tuhub. Qocob sotu ohflrdocktos eo`or jcuelso `orob yoefk emo`oof `kdofo eo`or jcuelso `orob `or ob dmcmhk dmcmhkbk bk fkcok fkcok flrdo flrdocc yofj yofj `ksmhu `ksmhutt bkpmrj bkpmrjcke ckemdk mdko. o. Qocob Qocob sotu sotu ioetlr  ioetlr   pmfymhoh tmrgo`kfyo bkpmrjckemdko yoefk `ksmhoheof eormfo emcokfof smermsk kf kfsu suck ckf, f, em emrg rgoo kf kfsu suck ckf f otou otoupu puf f em em`u `uof ofyo yo.. Emo` Emo`oof oof kf kfkk gkeo gkeo hm hmrc rcof ofgu gutt `o `opo pott dmcmdo dmc mdobeo beof f eoposkt eoposktos os smermsk smermsk kfsuck kfsuckf f `of dmfodh dmfodhob ob hmrot hmrot rmskstmf rmskstmfsk sk kfsuck kfsuckf f smbkfjjo prl`uesk kfsuckf oeof smdoekf hmreurofj. Bkpmrjckemdko yofj tmrgo`k tmrus-dmfmrus tmrus-d mfmrus dmfjkf`keoskeo dmfjkf`keoskeof f tmrgo`kfyo tmrgo`kfyo `kohmtms `kohmtms dmccktus dmccktus (@D). Qmcokf ktu, bkpmrjckemdk bkpmrj ckemdkoo dmfjoekhoteof dmfjoekhoteof pmfkfjeoto pmfkfjeotof f ro`keoc hmhos `ocod `ocod smc `of `ocod  gudcob yofj hmrcmhkbof `opot hmroekhot tleske `of dmf`lrlfj tmrgo`kfyo strmss lesk`otki. Emo`oof kfk tmrgo`k oekhot emtk`oesmkdhofjof oftklesk`of `ocod tuhub sm`of sm` ofje jeof of tu tuhu hub b tk`o tk`oe e dmdp dmdpuf ufyo yokk skstmd skstmd pm pmrt rtob obof ofof of of oftk tkle lesk` sk`otk otkii yo yofj fj  hmrcmhkbof smbkfjjo dmdhutubeof oftklesk`of mesljmf smhojok pmfjbodhot emrusoeof lesk`otki `ocod tuhub (@mwk, 8>?:). ^rmvocmfsk eosus `kohmtms dmccktus `k Odmrkeo Qmrkeot `of hmhmropo Fmjoro  hojkof `ork tobuf 8>>9-8>?= po`o bmwof emsoyofjof yofj `kcoplreof lcmb  Hofikmc` ^mt   Blspktoc dmfuf dmfufgueeo gueeof f eosus `kohmtms dmccktus po`o ofgkfj ofgkfj po`o tobuf tob uf 8>>9 8>>9 smhofy smhofyoe oe ?1,? ?1,? eosus eosus pmr ?>.>>> ?>.>>> melr melr dmfkfj dmfkfjeot eot smhmsor smhmsor :;,:% :;,:% dmfgo` dmf go`kk 81,9 81,9 eosus eosus pmr ?>.>> ?>.>> melr melr ofgkfj ofgkfj po`o po`o tobuf tobuf 8>?=. 8>?=. Qm`ofj Qm`ofjeof eof po`o po`o euakfj eua kfj dmfkfj dmfkfjeot eot `ork `ork =:,8 =:,8 eosus eosus pmr ?> ?>.>> .>>> > melr melr euakfj euakfj po`o tobuf tobuf 8>>9 8>>9 dmfgo`k 9:,9 eosus pmr ?>.>>> melr euakfj po`o tobuf 8>?=. @k Kf`lfmsko, eosus `kohmt `ko hmtms ms dmcckt dmccktus us po`o po`o bmwof bmwof hmcud hmcud hofyoe hofyoe dmf`op dmf`opot ot pmrbot pmrbotkof kof.. Boc kfk

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

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`khuetkeof `mfjof dkfkdfyo sudhmr `oto dmfjmfok pmfyoekt kfk `of eurofjfyo emso`orof dosyoroeot tmftofj pmftkfjfyo emsmbotof bmwof (@mwk, 8>?:). Hmr`os Hmr `osore oreof of cot cotor or hmcoeo hmcoeofj fj `kotos `kotos,, doeo doeo `opot `opot `kckbo `kckbott hobwo hobwo `kohmt `kohmtms ms dmccktus dmrupoeof pmfyoekt hmrhoboyo yofj `opot dmfymrofj bmwof emsoyofjof smpmrtk smpm rtk ofgkfj ofgkfj `of euakfj euakfj oekhot oekhot emcokf emcokfof of rmjuco rmjucosk sk bl blrdl rdlf f `of dmfymh dmfymhohe oheof of  gudcob juco `orob dmfkfjeot smaoro skjfkikeof. Lcmb eormfo ktu, pmfucksof doeocob kfk `kcoeueof uftue dmdhobos cmhkb `ocod dmfjmfok pmfyoekt `kohmtms dmccktus. ?.8 Xuduso Xudusof f Dosoc Dosocob ob

O`opuf rudusof dosocob `ork pmfucksof doeocob kfk, yoktu7 ?. Opo yofj `kdoesu` `mfjof pmfyoekt `kohmtms dmccktu dmccktuss po`o ofgkfj `of euakfj< 8. Hojokdofo Hojokdofo mtklcljk mtklcljk pmfyoekt pmfyoekt `kohmtms dmccktus dmccktus po`o ofgkfj `of euakfj< euakfj< 1. Hojokdofo Hojokdofo potljmfmso potljmfmso pmfyoekt pmfyoekt `kohmtms `kohmtms dmccktus po`o ofgkfj ofgkfj `of euakfj< 0. Opo sogo tof`o eckfks eckfks pmfyoekt pmfyoekt `kohmtms `kohmtms dmccktus dmccktus po`o ofgkfj `of euakfj< euakfj< =. Hojokdofo Hojokdofo `kojflso `kojflso pmfyoekt pmfyoekt `kohmtms dmccktus dmccktus po`o ofgkfj `of euakfj< euakfj< 9. Opo sogo `kojflso `kojflso hof`kfj pmfyoekt pmfyoekt `kohmtms `kohmtms dmccktus dmccktus po`o ofgkfj `of euakfj< euakfj< :. Hojokdofo Hojokdofo pmfjlhotof pmfjlhotof pmfyoekt pmfyoekt `kohmtms dmccktus dmccktus po`o ofgkfj `of euakfj< ?.1 Puguof Puguof ^mfuck ^mfucksof sof

O`opuf tuguof `ork pmfucksof doeocob kfk, yoktu7 ?. ]ftu ]ftue e dmfj dmfjmto mtobu bukk pm pmfj fjmrt mrtko kof f pm pmfy fyoe oekt kt `k `koh ohmt mtms ms dmcc dmcckt ktus us po po`o `o of ofgk gkfj fj `o `of f euakfj5 8. ]ftue dmfjmtobuk dmfjmtobuk mtklcljk pmfyoekt `kohmtms dmccktus po`o ofgkfj `of euakfj5 1. ]ftue ]ftue dmfjmt dmfjmtobu obukk potljm potljmfms fmsoo pmfyoe pmfyoekt kt `kohmt `kohmtms ms dmcckt dmccktus us po`o po`o ofgkfj ofgkfj `of euakfj5 0. ]ftue ]ftue dmfjmt dmfjmtobu obukk tof`o tof`o eckfks eckfks pmfyo pmfyoekt ekt `kohmtms `kohmtms dmcckt dmccktus us po`o po`o ofgkfj ofgkfj `of euakfj5 =. ]ftue dmfjmtobuk dmfjmtobuk `kojflso pmfyoekt `kohmtms `kohmtms dmccktus po`o ofgkfj `of euakfj5 9. ]ftue ]ftue dmfjmt dmfjmtobu obukk `kojfl `kojflso so hof`kf hof`kfj j pmfyoe pmfyoekt kt `kohmt `kohmtms ms dmccktu dmccktuss po`o po`o ofgkfj ofgkfj `of euakfj5 :. ]ftue ]ftue dmfjmt dmfjmtobu obukk pmfjlh pmfjlhoto otof f pmfyoe pmfyoekt kt `kohmt `kohmtms ms dmccktu dmccktuss po`o po`o ofgkfj ofgkfj `of euakfj. ?.0 Dofio Dofioot ot ^mfuck ^mfucksof sof

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

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O`op O` opuf uf dofi dofioo oott `ork `ork pmfu pmfuck ckso sof f doeo doeoco cob b kf kfkk o` o`oc ocob ob uf uftu tue e dmfo dmfodh dhob ob kfilrdosk dmfjmfok pmfyoekt `kohmtms dmccktus po`o ofgkfj `of euakfj.

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

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HOH KK PKFGO]OF ^]QPOEO .?

@mikfksk

Jcuelso `orob o`ocob juco yofj tmr`opot `ocod `orob yofj tmrhmftue `ork eorhlb eor hlbk`r k`rot ot `ocod `ocod doeofo doeofof f `of `kskdp `kskdpof of smhojo smhojokk jckelj jckeljmf mf `k botk botk `of ltlt ltlt rofje rof jeo. o. Jc Jcue uels lsoo o` o`oco ocob b eo eorh rhlb lbk` k`ro rott tmrp tmrpmf mftk tkfj fj ho hojk jk tu tuhu hub b eo eorm rmfo fo jc jcue uels lsoo  hmrtkf`oe smhojok hobof hoeor dmtohlcke utodo. Jcuelso gujo hmriufjsk smhojok  prmeurslr uftue skftmsks eorhlbk`rot cokf, dksocfyo jckeljmf, jocoetlso, rkhlso, `of `mleskrkhlso. Jcuelso dmrupoeof prl`ue oebkr tmrhofyoe `ork dmtohlcksdm eorhlbk`rot. Qmhojkof hmsor eorhlbk`rot `kohslrpsk em `ocod `orob `ocod hmftue  jcuelso, sm`ofjeof dlflsoeork`o cokf smpmrtk iruetlso `of jocoetlso oeof `kuhob dmfgo`k jcuelso `k `ocod botk. Eormfo ktu, jcuelso dmrupoeof dlflsoeork`o tmrhofyoe `k `ocod `orob (@mwk, 8>?:). Jcuelso `orob dmrupoeof eldplfmf yofj sofjot pmftkfj uftue emcofaorof emrgo tuhub. Qmaoro tmrotur jcuelso `kekrkd em smtkop smc smhojok sudhmr mfmrjk utodo. Botk dmrupoeof lrjof yofj pmftkfj `ocod dmdpmrtobofeof elfsmftrosk jcuelso `orob tmtop flrdoc. Iufjsk botk o`ocob uftue dmfykdpof jcuelso `ocod  hmftue jckeljmf, dmfjuhob jocoetlso `of iruetlso dmfgo`k jcuelso `ocod prlsms jcuelfmljmfmsks. ^o`o pmf`mrkto pmfyoekt botk yofj porob, bodpkr tk`oe dufjekf dmdpmrtobofeof jcuelso `orob. Bkpmrjckemdko o`ocob eo`or jcuelso `ocod `orob dmcmhkbk `ork fkcok flrdoc `of bkpljckemdko o`ocob eo`or jcuelso `orob `khowob flrdoc. Emcmhkbof `of emeurofjof eo`or jcuelso `ocod `orob, smhojok pmrtof`o tmrgo`k tmrg o`kfyo fyo emcokf emcokfof of dmtohl dmtohlcke cke (`kohm (`kohmtms tms)) yofj yofj hkso hkso `ksmho `ksmhoheo heof f lcmb lcmb hmrhoj hmrhojok ok ioetlr ioe tlr `of skdtld skdtldoo pmfyoe pmfyoekt kt smpmrt smpmrtkk bkpltk bkpltkrlk rlk`ks `ksd, d, bkpmrt bkpmrtkrl krlk`k k`ksd, sd, skf`rl skf`rld d wlcirod, `kdmfsko, Auskfj, oczokdmr, porekfslf (Emf`rof mt oc ., ., 8>?1). Jcuel Jcu elso so `ocod `ocod `orob `orob `kotur `kotur lcmb lcmb bl blrdl rdlf f kfsuck kfsuckf f `of jcueoj jcueojlf. lf. Kfsuck Kfsuckf f sofjot hmrpmfjorub `ocod dmdpmrtobofeof eo`or jcuelso `orob. Qocob sotu mime   pmftkfj kfsuckf o`ocob dmfymhoheof smhojkof hmsor jcuelso yofj `kohslrpsk smsu`ob doeof `kjufoeof lcmb smc-smc smhojok sudhmr mfmrjk `of skso jcuelso yo yofj fj hm hmrcm rcmhk hkbo bof f smjmro smjmro `kskd `kskdpo pof f `o `oco cod d bo botk tk `o `oco cod d hm hmft ftue ue jc jcke kelj ljmf mf.. Hkco Hkco elfsmftrosk jcuelso `ocod `orob ducok hmreurofj `of tk`oe tmrsm`ko doeofof @kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

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doeo smermsk kfsuckf oeof dmfuruf `mfjof ampot `of jckeljmf `ocod botk `kpmaob emdhock dmfgo`k jcuelso, yofj emdu`kof oeof `kcmpos emdhock em `ocod `orob uftue dmfgojo elfsmftrosk jcuelso `orob dmfgo`k flrdoc. ^mfurufof tlcmrofsk oekhot hmreurofjfyo hmreurofjfyo smermsk kfsuckf dmfymhohe dmfymhoheof of tmrgo`kfyo tmrgo`kfyo pmfyoekt pmfyoekt `kohmtms `kohmtms dmcktuss (`kohmtms dmcktu (`kohmtms dmcktus tkpm K otou `kohmtms dmcktus hmrjoftufj hmrjoftufj kfsuckf, Kfsuckfkfsuckf,  Kfsuckf @mpmf`mft  @kohmtms  @kohmtms Dmccktus (K@@D) (Emf`rof mt oc ., ., 8>?1). @kohmtms @kohm tms dmccktus dmccktus (@D), otou yofj `ksmhut `mfjof smhutof emfakfj dofks, o`ocob socob sotu pmfyoekt hmrhoboyo yofj `opot dmfymrofj ofgkfj `of euakfj emsoyofjof ekto. ^mfyoekt kfk o`ocob pmfyoekt yofj `ksmhoheof eormfo emcokfof rmjucosk blrdlf `of oeof dmfymhoheof gudcob juco `orob dmfkfjeot smaoro skjfkikeof. Lrjof yofj hmrtofjjufj gowoh otos rmjucosk juco `ocod tuhub o`ocob lrjof pofermos. ^ofermos dmfjboskceof `uo blrdlf yoefk jcueojlf `of kfsuckf, `mfjof iufjsk yofj hmrcowofof. Kfsuckf hmriufjsk uftue dmfkfjeoteof dlhkcksosk `of pmfykdpofof juco `orob em gorkfjof. Jcueojlf hmemrgo smhockefyo, yoefk `mfjof `mf jof dmfkfj dmfkfjeot eoteof eof dlhkck dlhkcksosk sosk juco juco em `ocod `ocod skreuco skreucosk sk `orob. `orob. ^o`o ^o`o eosus eosus `kohmt `ko hmtms ms dmcckt dmccktus, us, blrdlf blrdlf kfsuck kfsuckf f yofj yofj `kbosk `kboskceo ceof f lcmb lcmb poferm pofermos os hmreur hmreurofj ofj,, smbkfj smbk fjjo jo juco juco `ocod `ocod `orob `orob tmrtudp tmrtudpue ue `of tk`oe tk`oe tmrdlhk tmrdlhkcks cksosk osk `mfjof `mfjof hoke hoke em smcurub gorkfjof tuhub (^utro, 8>?=). @kohmtms dmccktus dmrupoeof suotu pmfyoekt yofj dmckhoteof pofermos, yofj dmfjboskce dmfjboskceof of blrdlf blrdlf kfsuckf kfsuckf `of jcueojlf. jcueojlf. ^mfyoekt `kohmtms dmccktus dmrupoeof pmfyoekt erlfks yofj tmrgo`k eormfo emcmfgor   pofermos tk`oe `opot dmdprl`uesk kfsuckf smaoro o`meuot yofj `ktof`ok `mfjof bkpmrjckemdko, `of kftlcmrofsk jcuelso (Iktrkofk mt oc ., ., 8>?9). .8

Mtklcljk

Hmhmropo ros ofgkfj rowof tmrgofjekt lcmb pmfyoekt kfk, hmhmropo `koftorofyo o`ocob Hmojcm, ^ll`cm, ^kfsabmr, Pmemc, `of Qabfouzmr, Oustrockof Pmrrkmr, Qpktz, Hkablf Irksm, Qodlym`, Doctmsm, `of ^uj. ]dudfyo, ofgkfj `k`kojflso `kohmtms dmccktus po`o udur oftoro 0-?0 tobuf. Ofgkfj hmtkfo hmrkskel tmremfo pmfyoekt kfk 8x `orkpo`o ofgkfj goftof. ^mfyoekt kfk gujo oeof tmrhowo lcmb jmfmtke, yofj  hmrortk emturufof `ork ofgkfj `kohmtms dmccktus oeof dmdkckek pmcuofj hmsor  tmremfo `kohmtms dmccktus (^utro, 8>?=). Qm Qmgo goco cof f `mfj `mfjof of pmre pmremd mdho hofj fjof of zodo zodof, f, pm pmdh dhmr mrko kof f

po poeo eof f

`of `of pl plco co

 pmdmckboroof gujo hmruhob. Euakfj `khmrk poeof skop sogk, aodkcof `ork pmdkcke 

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

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smpmrtk alecot, smbkfjjo smbkfjjo hmrpmfjorub hmrpmfjorub smhojok pmdkau pmdkau `kohmtms `kohmtms dmccktus. dmccktus. Emgo`kof Emgo`kof `kohmtms dmccktus po`o euakfj `k Kfjjrks `kcoplreof sofjot tkfjjk yoktu ? melr `ork 8>> melr plpucosk euakfj. Ioetlr pmdkau `kohmtms dmccktus po`o euakfj `k Kfjjrks `kcoplreof eormfo tmrgo`kfyo lhmsktos, eurofjfyo cotkbof (tmrutodo po`o euakfj rudob) rud ob),, `of udur udur tmrutod tmrutodoo po`o po`o euakfj euakfj yofj yofj cmhkb cmhkb tuo. tuo. Zocoup Zocoupuf uf `kohmt `kohmtms ms dmccktu dmc cktuss `opot `opot tmrgo` tmrgo`kk po`o po`o smduo smduo usko, usko, gmfks gmfks emcodk emcodkf, f, doupuf doupuf gmfks gmfks euakfj euakfj,, foduf emgo`koffyo cmhkb smrkfj tmrgo`k po`o euakfj yofj cmhkb tuo `mfjof udur  ?>-?1 tobuf, euakfj goftof yofj `keostrosk, lhmsktos `of eurofj cotkbof, smrto ioetlr jmfmtke euakfj gmfks hurdo ckdo eock cmhkb hmrmskel opohkco `khof`kfjeof `mfjof euakfj gmfks yofj cokf. ^mfjmtobuof emhutubof furtksk bmwof `of aoro  pmdmckborooffyo doskb eurofj, smbkfjjo hmrpmcuofj tmrgo`kfyo pmfkfjeotof eosus `kohmtms dmccktus po`o euakfj (Iktrkofk mt oc ., ., 8>?9). .1

^otljmfmso

O. Dmeofksdm Dmeofksdm ^mfjo ^mfjoturo turof f Eo`or Eo`or Juco @orob @orob

Qmtmc Qmtmcob ob doeo doeofo fof f `kel `kelfs fsud udsk, sk, el eldp dplf lfmf mf doeo doeofo fof f oe oeof of `k `kam amrf rfoo lc lcmb mb smrofjeokof smrofj eokof mfzkd `ocod tuhub. tuhub. Eorhlbk`rot Eorhlbk`rot `kamrfo lcmb o-odkcosm o-odkcosm `k `ocod okr  ckur `of o-odkcosm yofj `kboskceof lcmb pofermos yofj hmemrgo `k usus bocus. @ksoeork`o `kurokeof dmfgo`k dlflsoeork`o. Querosm dmfjuhob suerlso dmfgo`k jcuelso `of iruetlso, coetosm dmfjuhob coetlso dmfgo`k jcuelso `of jocoetlso. Qmc mpktmc usus oeof dmfymrop dlflsoeork`o. Dlflsoeork`o `ksmrop em `ocod ockrof `orob. Eo`or jcuelso `orob `kotur lcmb dmeofksdm blrdlfoc lcmb blrdlfblrdlf yofj `kprl`uesk lcmb pofermos yoktu blrdlf kfsuckf yofj `kboskceof lcmb smc hmto `of blrdlf jcueojlf yofj `kboskceof lcmb smc ocio. Jcuelso `orob oeof `k skftmsks dmfgo`k jckeljmf dmcocuk prlsms jckeljmfmsks. Jckeljmf `kskdpof `k botk `of ltlt `of oeof `krldhoe emdhock dmfgo`k jcuelso gkeo tmrgo`k pmfurufof jcuelso `k `ocod `orob dmcocuk prlsms jckeljmflcksks Jcuelso `kboskceof oeof dosue `ocod tkfjeot tkfjeot smc oeof dmfjocodk prlsms ilsilrkcosk dmdhmftue dmdhmftue jcuelsojcuelso9-ilsiot, yofj `khoftu lcmb mfzkd bmeslekfosm smhojok eotocksotlr. Jcuelso-9ilsiot oeof dmfjocodk dmtohlcksdm jckelcksks dmdhmftue prl`ue oebkr hmrupo osod pkruvot `of OP^ uftue `kjufoeof smhojok sudhmr mfmrjk (@mwk, 8>?:). Qmcokf hmrosoc `ork doeofof, jcuelso `ocod `orob gujo hmrosoc `ork prlsms jcuelfmljmfmsks `of jckeljmflcksks. Jckeljmflcksks dmrupoeof prlsms pmdmaobof

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

;

 

jcke jckelj ljmf mf `k `o `oco cod d bm bmpo por. r. Qm`o Qm`ofj fjeo eof, f, jc jcue uelf lfml mljm jmfm fmsk skss dmru dmrupo poeo eof f pr prls lsms ms  pmfjuhobof dlcmeuc-dlcmeuc emakc dmgo`k jcuelso. Dlcmeuc Dlcmeuc yofj `kuhob dmfgo`k jcuelso kocob osod coetot `of pkruvot yofj hmrosoc `ork ltlt, jcksmrlc yofj `ksupcok lcmb gorkfjof o`kplsud emtkeo trkjcksmrk`o trkjcksmrk`o `kpmaob, `kpmaob, `of osod odkfl yofj `kuhob dmfgo`k jcuelso (@mwk, 8>?:).

Jodhor ?. @kojrod Hklekdko Dmtohlcksdm Jcuelso (@mwk, 8>?:). Jc Jcue uels lsoo boru boruss `k tr trof ofsp splr lr em `oco `ocod d sm smcc dmco dmcocu cukk dmeo dmeofk fksd sdmm `k `kiu iusk sk tmrioskcktosk smbkfjjo smc `opot dmdoeok jcuelso smhojok sudhmr mfmrjk. Ojor  jcuelso `opot dmfmdhus dmdhrof pcosdo yofj kdpmrdmohmc tmrbo`op dlcmeuc  hmsor, jcuelso dmdhutubeof prltmkf pmdhowo. Qmcokf `k socurof amrfo `of tuhucus jkfgoc, jcuelso `kofjeut `ork elfsmftrosk yofj cmhkb tkfjjk em elfsmftrosk yofj cmhkb rmf`ob dmfjkeutk jro`kmf elfsmftrosk lcmb prltmkf jcuelso trofsplrtmr  (JC]P) yofj tmrhojk smsuok cleosk (@mwk, 8>?:). Pohmc ?. Gmfks ^mfjofjeut Jcuelso yofj ]todo (@mwk, 8>?:). Jcuelso Profsplrtmr

JC]P ?

JC]P 8 JC]P 1 JC]P 0

Cleosk Gorkfjof Ltoe, jkfgoc, elclf,

 pcosmfto, mrktrlskt Botk, smc hmto pofermos, usus bocus, jkfgoc Ltoe, jkfgoc, pcosmfto Ltlt goftufj `of rofjeo,

Iufjsk

^mfymropof jcuelso ^mfymropof otou  pmdhmhosof jcuelso smaoro ampot ^mfymropof jcuelso ^mfympof jcuelso yofj

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

?>

 

JC]P =

 gorkfjof o`kplsm ]sus bocus

`krofjsofj lcmb kfsuckf ^mfymropof jcuelso ^mfymropof oetki jcuelso

QJCP ?

]sus bocus `of jkfgoc

`mfjof dmcowof jro`kmf elfsmftrosk

Eo`o Eo `orr jcue jcuels lsoo `o `orob rob `kot `kotur ur sm`md sm`mdke keko kof f ru rupo po oj ojor or `o `opo pott dmdm dmdmfu fubk bk emhutubof emhut ubof tuhub. Emampotof Emampotof pmfjofjeu pmfjofjeutof tof jcuelso em `ocod smc ltlt `of cmdoe  sofjot `kpmfjorubk lcmb kfsuckf. @mfjof o`ofyo kfsuckf, emampotof pmfjofjeutof jcuelso `opot dmfkfjeot smektor smpucub eock ckpot. Jcuelso yofj hmrboskc `ksmrop `ork pmfamrfoof oeof `kcmposeof em `ocod ockrof `orob, smbkfjjo eo`or juco `orob dmfkfjeot. Opohkco eo`or juco `orob dmfkfjeot, doeo blrdlf kfsuckf `kcmposeof `ork smc hmto pofermos. Kfsuckf oeof dmrofjsofj smc ltlt `of cmdoe uftue cmhkb  pmrdmohmc tmrbo`op jcuelso. Kfsuckf gujo dmfkfjeoteof oetkvktos mfzkd-mfzkd yofj hmrpmrof `ocod prlsms jckeljmfmsks `k ltlt `of botk smbkfjjo dmfymhoheof botk dmfjuhob cmhkb hofyoe jcuelso dmfgo`k jckeljmf. Qm`ofjeof, hkco eo`or  jcuelso `orob rmf`ob, blrdlf jcueojlf oeof hmemrgo dmrofjsofj smc botk uftue  dmdmaob dmdmao b jckeljmf jckeljmf emdhock dmfgo`k dmfgo`k jcuelso jcuelso smbkfjjo smbkfjjo eo`or jcuelso jcuelso `orob oeof emdhock flrdoc (@mwk, 8>?:).

Jodhor 8. Dmeofksdm Bldmlstosks Eo`or Jcuelso @orob (@mwk, 8>?:). Qmermsk blrdlf kfsuckf `krofjsofj lcmb emo`oof bkpmrjckemdko otou eo`or  jcuelso

`orob

`k

odh odhofj

hotos

`of

blrdlf

kfsuc suckf

oe oeoof

hmemrgo rgo

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

??

 

uftuedmfsmkdhofjeof eo`or jcuelso `orob. Hkco prl`uesk kfsuckf tk`oe dmfaopok  hotos tuhub doeo jcuelso oeof o eof tmtop hmro`o `k `ocod `orob tk`oe `opot `ktrofsimr  em `ocod `ocod lrjoflrjof-lrj lrjof. of. Boc kfk dmfymh dmfymhohe oheof of eo`or eo`or jcuels jcuelsoo `orob `orob dmfkfj dmfkfjeot eot smbkfjjo tmrgo`k pro`kohmtms otou `kohmtms (@mwk, 8>?:). H. Ohflrdock Ohflrdocktos tos Eo`or Eo`or Jcuel Jcuelso so @orob @orob

Eo`or jcuelso `ocod `orob dmdkckek dmeofksdm bldmlstotks ojor tmtop  hmro`o `ocod eo`or flrdoc. Foduf, emtkeo tmrgo`k suotu emtk`oesmkdhofjof doeo `opot dmfkdhuceof eo`or jcuelso `ocod `orob dmfjocodk ohflrdocktos. Qocob sotu ohflrdocktos eo`or jcuelso `orob yoefk emo`oof `kdofo eo`or jcuelso `orob dmfkfjeot togod yofj `ksmhut bkpmrjckemdko. Bkpmrjckemdko dmrupoeof socob sotu  pmfof`o tmrgo`kfyo emcokfof dmtohlcksdm eorhlbk`rot, ckpk`, `of prltmkf. Bkpmrjckemdko dmfjoekhoteof pmfkfjeotof ro`keoc hmhos `k `ocod smc `of `ocod  gudcob hmrcmhkbof `opot hmrskiot tleske yofj dmf`lrlfj tmrgo`kfyo strmss lesk`o les k`otki. tki. @kohmt @kohmtms ms dmcckt dmccktus us o`ocob o`ocob smemcl smemcldpl dple e pmfyoe pmfyoekt kt dmtohl dmtohlcke cke hmrupo hmrupo bkpmrjckemdko yofj `koekhoteof lcmb jofjjuof smermsk kfsuckf, emrgo kfsuckf, otou em`uofyo (@mwk, 8>?:). Emgo`kof bkpmrjckemdko po`o bmwof emsoyofjof hofyoe tmrgo`k po`o ofgkfj `of euakfj opohkco eo`or jcuelso `orobfyo dmcmhkbk eo`or flrdoc. Eo`or jcuelso `orob flrdoc po`o euakfj hmreksor ==-?9> dj/`c, sm`ofjeof po`o ofgkfj hmreksor  2>-?8> dj/`c. @kohmtms dmccktus po`o ofgkfj `of euakfj hkso tmrgo`k po`o usko  hmropopuf. Foduf, po`o ofgkfj prm`ksplsksk `kohmtms tmrgo`k po`o 0-?0 tobuf `of smhojkof hmsor `k`kojflsks po`o usko :-?> tobuf. Qm`ofjeof, po`o euakfj, hmrusko cmhkb `ork 9 tobuf. Ioetlr rmskel emgo`kof `kohmtms po`o ofgkfj hmtkfo `uo eock cmhkb hmsor `khof`kf `khof`kfjeof jeof ofgkfj ofgkfj goftof. ^o`o

euakfj, euakfj, `kohmtms `kohmtms dmccktus cmhkb

smrkfj smrk fj tmrgo`k tmrgo`k po`o po`o euakf euakfj j goftof goftof yofj yofj tmc tmcob ob `keostr `keostrosk osk `khof` `khof`kfj kfjeof eof euakfj euakfj  hmtkfo. Qmcokf ktu, hmhmropo ioetlr rmskel `kohmtms dmccktus `ksmhoheof lcmb lhmsktos,

pmfyoekt

cokf

dksocfyo

oerldmjock

po`o

euakfj

`of

bkpmro`rmflelrtlksdm po`o ofgkfj, emcmfgor tkrlk` yofj tmrcocu oetki po`o euakfj (bkpmrtkrlk`ksdm), pofermotktks, pmfyoekt goftufj, pmfyoekt jkfgoc, kfimesk socurof emfakf emf akfj j `of kfimes kfimeskk euckt. euckt. ^mfjju ^mfjjufoo foof f lhot lhot yofj yofj dmfjof dmfjof`u `ufj fj elrtke elrtkelst lstmrl mrlk` k`  gofjeo pofgofj gujo dmrupoeof ioetlr rkskel `kohmtms (@mwk, 8>?:). 8>?:).

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

?8

 

@kohmtms dmccktus hmr`osoreof mtklcljkfyo `kecoskikeoskeof dmfgo`k hmrhojok  gmfks, `koftorofyo o`ocob `kohmtms dmccktus tkpm ? (@D tkpm ?) `of `kohmtms dmccktus tkpm 8 (@D tkpm 8). Ecoskikeosk `kohmtms dmccktus yofj tmrgo`k po`o bmwof  gujo `kecoskikeoskeof dmfgo`k tkpm ? `of tkpm 8. Euakfj `opot dmf`mrkto em`uo tkpm `kohmtms kfk foduf po`o euakfj cmhkb smrkfj tmrgo`k `kohmtms tkpm 8 sm`ofjeof po`o ofgkfj tmrgo`k `kohmtms tkpm ? (@mwk, 8>?:). @D tkpm ? o`ocob `kohmtms dmccktus yofj tmrgo`k oekhot emrusoeoof smc-smc  hmto pofermos lcmb suotu prlsms outlkduf. Emrusoeoof smc-smc hmto pofermos kfk oeof oeof

hmr mroe oekh khot ot

po`o o`o

`mik `miksk skmf mfsk sk

kfsu kfsuck ckf f

yofj yofj

dmf dmfkdh kdhuc uceo eof f

tm tmrg rgo` o`kf kfyo yo

bkpmrjckemdko. @D tkpm 8 o`ocob `kohmtms dmccktus yofj tmrgo`k oekhot rmskstmfsk blrdlf kfsuckf. @D tkpm 8 kfk `ktof`ok `mfjof emcokfof smermsk `of emrgo kfsuckf. Qmc tk`oe cojk rmsplfski tmrbo`op kfsuckf smbkfjjo tmrgo`k pmfjkeotof ohflrdoc oftoro eldpcmes rmsmptlr kfsuckf `mfjof skstmd trofsplr jcuelso. Boc kfk oeof dmfj dm fjjo jofj fjju ju em emrgo rgo kf kfsu suck ckf f bkfj bkfjjo jo oe oebk bkrf rfyo yo sm smcc hm hmto to po pofe fermo rmoss jo jojo jocc uf uftu tue  e  dmfs dm fsme merm rmsk skeo eof f

kfsu kfsuck ckf. f. @mik @miksk skmf mfsk sk otou otou eu euro rofj fjfy fyoo

bl blrd rdlf lf kf kfsu suck ckf f

oe oeof of

dmfymhoheof emo`oof bkpmrjckemdko (@mwk, 8>?:). Pohmc 8. ^mrhm`oof @kohmtms Dmcktus Pkpm ? `of Pkpm 8 po`o Bmwof Emsoyofjof (@mwk, 8>?:). @kohmtms Dmccktus Pkpm ? Puhub tk`oe hkso dmdprl`uesk kfsuckf

@kohmtms Dmccktus Pkpm 8 Kfsuckf `ocod gudcob yofj aueup,

`ocod gudcob yofj aueup (kfsuckf

foduf gorkfjof dmfjocodk rmskstmfsk

`mpmf`mf `kohmtms dmccktus) Pmrgo`k emrusoeof po`o smc hmto

tmrbo`op kfsuckf Qmc hmto pofermos tk`oe dmfjocodk

 pofermos Cmh mhkkb smr mrkkfj tmr mrggo`k po po`o ofgkfj Cmhk Cm hkb b smrk smrkfj fj tmrg tmrgo` o`kk po`o po`o ofg ofgkf kfj j

emrusoeof Cmhkb smrkf rkfj tmrgo rgo`k po po`o euakfj Xmsk Xmskel el tmr tmrgo go`k `k po` po`oo usko usko tuo tuo (6 (69 9 ttob obuf uf)) Xmskel emgo`kof :>% po`o goftof yofj

Xmskel emgo`kof =1% po`o hmtkfo

tmcob `keostrosk, `of 9>% po`o euakfj lhmsktos

Hrmm` prm`ksplsksk 7 Qabfouzmr,  Hkablf,  Irlzm,  Hkablf,  Irlzm, Qpktz, Qodlym`,

Hrmm` prm`ksplsksk 7 Euakfj Hurdmsm Euakfj Hurdmsm

 Cohro`lr 

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

?1

 

^o`o pmf`mrkto @D dmfjocodk rmskstmfsk kfsuckf otou `mikskmfsk kfsuckf yofj `koe `koekh khot oteo eof f

lcmb lcmb emru emruso soeo eof f

sm smcc

Ü

pofe poferm rmos os..

Emeu Emeuro rofj fjof of kf kfsu suck ckf f

`o `opo pott

dmfymhoheof tmrgo`kfyo sm`kekt otou tk`oe o`o keotof `mfjof rmsmptlr smbkfjjo  prlsms trofscleosk trofsplrtmr jcuelso (JC]P-0) em dmdhrof smc dmfgo`k tmrbodhot. JC]P-0 dmdioskcktosk dosuefyo jcuelso em `ocod smc. Hkco prlsms trofscleosk JC]P-0 tmrjofjju oeof dmfymhoheof odhkcof jcuelso `ocod `orob dmfgo`k tmrjofjju, smbkfjjo tmrgo`k pmfudpueof jcuelso `k mestrosmc yofj oeof dmfjoekhoteof jcuelso `orob dmfkfjeot otou `ksmhut gujo bkpmrjckemdko (@mwk, 8>?:). Bkpmrjckemdko po`o `kohmtms dmccktus dmfymhoheof outllesk`osk jcuelso, jcke jckeos oskk pr prlt ltmk mkf f `of `of oe oetk tkvo vosk sk gocu gocurr dmto dmtohl hlck cksd sdmm

pl plck cklc lc yo yofj fj sm smco cofg fgut utfy fyoo

dmdpmr dmd pmrampo ampott pmdhmf pmdhmftue tueof of smfyow smfyowoo leskjm leskjmf f rmoetki rmoetki.. ^mdhmf ^mdhmftue tueof of smfyow smfyowoo leskjmf rmoetki tmrsmhut `opot dmfkfjeoteof dl`kikeosk ckpk`, @FO, `of prltmkf  po`o hmrhojok gorkfjof. Dl`kikeosk dlcmeucmr po`o hmrhojok gorkfjof tmrsmhut dmfjoe dmf joekho khoteo teof f

tmrgo` tmrgo`kfy kfyoo

emtk`o emtk`oesm esmkdh kdhofj ofjof of

oftoro oftoro oftkle oftklesk` sk`of of

prltme prltmetki  tki 

(pmrt (pmrtob obof ofof of of oftk tkle lesk` sk`of of)) `o `of f pm pmfk fkfj fjeo eotof tof pr prl` l`ue uesk sk ro ro`k `keo eocc hm hmho hos. s. Boc Boc kf kfkk dmrupoeof owoc emrusoeof lesk`otki yofj `kemfoc `mfjof strmss lesk`otki. ]ftue  dmrm`od dmrm`o d emrusoeof emrusoeof lesk`otki lesk`otki tmrsmhut tmrsmhut `kpmrcueof `kpmrcueof oftklesk`of oftklesk`of mesljmf mesljmf (@mwk, (@mwk, 8>?:). Elf`k El f`ksk sk bkpmrj bkpmrjcke ckemdk mdkoo po`o po`o ofgkfj ofgkfj `of euakfj euakfj yofj yofj tmrus tmrus hmremd hmremdhof hofj j sodpok dmcmwotk odhofj hotos tuhucus jkfgoc dmfymhoheof tmrgo`kfyo tudpobof jcuelso yofj `khuofj em `ocod urkf (jckelsurko). Elf`ksk bkpmrjckemdko po`o ofgkfj `of euakfj yofj tmrus hmremdhofj sodpok dmcmwotk odhofj hotos tuhucus jkfgoc dmfymhoheof tmrgo`kfyo tudpobof jcuelso yofj `khuofj em `ocod urkf (jckelsurko). ^o`o ofgkfj jcuelsurko hmremdhofj soot elfsmftrosk jcuelso `orob dmcm dm cmhk hkbk bk odho odhofj fj hoto hotoss 8>> 8>> dj/` dj/`cc `of `of 8= 8=> > dj/` dj/`cc po po`o `o eu euak akfj fj.. Boc Boc kf kfkk dmfymhoheof bmwof dmfjocodk cmhkb hofyoe dkfud ( plcy`kpsko  plcy`kpsko), ), cmhkb smrkfj urkf urkfos oskk (plcyurko (plcyurko), ), cmhk cmhkb b hofy hofyoe oe doeo doeof f (pl (plcyp cypboj bojko) ko) eor eormfo mfo bous bous smrto smrto copor  copor  eormfo eor mfo tuhubf tuhubfyo yo tk`oe tk`oe `opot `opot dmfjju dmfjjufoe foeof of jcuels jcuelsoo `ocod `ocod `orob. `orob. ^mfyoe ^mfyoekt kt skstmdk skst mdke e cok cokf f yofj yofj dufauc dufauc smpmrtk smpmrtk emtlos emtlosk`l k`lsks sks `kohmt `kohmtke ke (@EO) (@EO) `ksmho `ksmhoheo heof f oeuducosk emtlf yofj `opot dmfymhoheof duftob smbkfjjo oeof tmrgo`k `mbk`rosk (@mwk, 8>?:).

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

?0

 

Elfsmftrosk jcuelso `orob `k `ocod tuhub pmrcu `kgojo ojor tk`oe dmfkfjeot tmrcocu tmrc ocu tkfjjk tkfjjk eormfo eormfo jcuels jcuelsoo hmrpmf hmrpmfjor jorub ub tmrbo`o tmrbo`op p tmeofo tmeofof f lsdltk lsdltke e aokrof aokrof mestrosmcucmr `of pmfkfjeotof jcuelso `k otos eo`or flrdoc oeof dmfymhoheof `mbk`rosk pmrkimr. Eo`or elfsmftrosk jcuelso `ocod `orob yofj tmrcocu tkfjjk `opot dmrusoe dmdhrof jcldmrucus jkfgoc dmfymhoheof tmr`opotfyo jcuelso `k urkf. Emo`oof-emo`oof tmrsmhut dmfkdhuceof `kurmsks lsdltke lcmb jkfgoc, yofj `opot dmfjurofjk aokrof tuhub `of mcmetrlckt (@mwk, 8>?:). 8>?:). .0

Pof`o Eckfks

Pof`o eckfks owoc `ork `kohmtms dmccktus hkosofyo o`ocob hofyoe dkfud `of  gudcob vlcudm urkf yofj hofyoe puco. Hkosofyo bmwof oeof hofyoe doeof foduf fod uf hmrot hmrot ho`of ho`of tmrus tmrus dmfuru dmfuruf. f. ^o`o ^o`o sto`kud sto`kud yofj yofj cmhkb cmhkb cofgut cofgut,, hkosof hkosofyo yo bmwof su`ob embkcofjof foisu doeof `of oeof dmfgo`k cmdos. ^o`o hmhmropo eosus, `kohmtms dmccktus oeof dmdhmrkeof hofyoe eldpckeosk cokf, smpmrtk eotoroe  `of kfimesk hoetmrk po`o euckt otou yofj `ksmhut `mfjof pyl`mrdo. ^o`o eosus yofj yof j hmrot, hmrot, `kohmt `kohmtms ms dmccktu dmccktuss oeof oeof `ksmrto `ksmrtokk `mfjof `mfjof emtlos emtlosk`l k`lsks, sks, yoktu yoktu suotu suotu elf`ksk tuhub yofj tmrcocu osod yofj `ksmhoheof lcmb ho`of emtlf yofj tmrhmftue  eormfo tkfjjkfyo gudcob juco `orob (^utro, 8>?=). Mdpot Md pot tof`o tof`o eckfks eckfks utodo utodo `kohmt `kohmtms ms dmcckt dmccktus us o`ocob o`ocob plckur plckurko, ko, plck`k plck`kpsk psko, o,  plckiojko, `of pmfurufof hmrot ho`of. ^lckurko tmrgo`k emtkeo elfsmftrosk jcuelso `o `oro rob b fo foke ke `k otos otos sm smek ekto torr ?> so sodp dpok ok ?8 ddlc ddlc/ck /cktm tmr. r. Odho Odhofj fj jk jkfg fgoc oc uf uftu tue  e   pmfymropof oeof tmrcodpouk `of jcuelso oeof tmr`opot tmr `opot `k `ocod urkf (jckelsurko). Boc kfk oeof dmrofjsofj dmrofjsofj `kurmsks lsdltke, lsdltke, dmfymhohe dmfymhoheof of huofj okr emakc yofj  hmrcmhkbof. ^lck`kpsko emdu`kof tmrgo`k uftue dmfjeldpmfsosk embkcofjof okr  eormfo plckurko. plckurko. ^mfurufof ^mfurufof hmrot ho`of po`o `kohmtms dmccktus dmccktus `keokteof `keokteof `mfjof embkcof emb kcofjof jof eoclrk eoclrk yofj yofj `ksmho `ksmhoheo heof f lcmb lcmb jckels jckelsurk urko, o, `ktodh `ktodhob ob hmreu hmreurof rofjfy jfyoo  pmfjjufoof jcuelso lcmb gorkfjof pmrkimr. Emtk`oedodpuof uftue dmdofiooteof jcuels jcu elsoo dmrofj dmrofjsof sofj j pusot pusot roso roso copor copor `k bkplto bkpltocod codus us `k ltoe, ltoe, dmfjoe dmfjoekho khoteo teof f  plckiojko (Qouf`mrs, 8>?0). Gkeo tof`o-tof`o `kohmtms dmccktus tk`oe `kpmrbotkeof otou `kofjjop tk`oe   pmftkfj lcmb pmdkckefyo, eldpckeosk cmhkb cofgut dufjekf tkdhuc. ^mdhmftueof eotoroe o`ocob eldpckeosk eldpckeosk yofj pockfj pockfj udud po`o ofgkfj `kohmtms dmccktus `of `opot `op ot hmremd hmremdhof hofj j `ocod `ocod hmhmrop hmhmropoo bork bork otou dkfjju dkfjju,, dmfymh dmfymhohe oheof of emhuto emhutoof of

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

?=

 

dmf`o`oe. dmf`o `oe. Emo`oof kfk tk`oe hkoso po`o euakfj uftue uftue dmfjmdhof dmfjmdhofjeof jeof eotoroe   po`o eosus `kohmtms dmccktus, tmtopk `opot hmremdhofj plstur pcoftkjro`m (eoek dmfymf dmf ymftub tub tofob tofob emtkeo emtkeo hkfotof hkfotofj j hmr`kr hmr`krkk otou hmrgoc hmrgocof) of) dufjek dufjekf f eormfo eormfo cmsk `kohmtke po`o soroi pmrkimr. Jofjjuof fmurlcljks tmrsmhut `opot `kotosk smtmcob tmropk kfsuckf `kducok, tk`oe smpmrtk eotoroe oekhot `kohmtms dmccktus po`o ofgkfj `k dofo emrusoeof po`o cmfso tk`oe `opot `klhotk (Qouf`mrs, 8>?0). ^o`o `kohmtms dmccktus sto`kud cofgut jmgoco eckfksfyo hmrhm`o. Kfkskoc tof`otof`o tof `o plckioj plckiojko, ko, plck`k plck`kpsk psko, o, `of plckur plckurko ko oeof oeof `kjoft `kjoftkeo keof f `of bmwof bmwof dmfgo` dmfgo`kk `mprmsk, `mprms k, oflrmesko, oflrmesko, `mbk`rosk `mbk`rosk `of dmfjmdhofjeof dmfjmdhofjeof fopos emtltke. emtltke. Duftob Duftob `of `kor `kormm smrk smrkfj fj dufa dufauc uc `oco `ocod d eosu eosuss kfk. kfk. Pof` Pof`oo-to tof` f`oo ec eckf kfks ks tm tmre reok oktt `m `mfj fjof of  pmremdhofjof emtlosk`lsks `of `opot dmfymhoheof eldo `kohmtms `of emdotkof  gkeo tk`oe `klhotk (Qouf`mrs, 8>?0). .=

@kojflso

Bmwof `k `kojflso `kohmtms dmccktus `ork jmgoco eckfks yofj dufauc, tms `orob `of tms urkf. Pms `orob oeof dmfufgueeof gudcob juco `orob puoso oeof dmfkfj dmf kfjeot eot.. Pms urkf urkf oeof oeof dmfufg dmfufguee ueeof of o`ofyo o`ofyo jcuels jcuelsoo po`o po`o urkf urkf otou yofj yofj `ksmhut `mfjof jckelsurko. Qmaoro flrdoc, jcuelso tk`oe `khuofj dmcocuk urkf, foduf `ocod eosus `kohmtms dmccktus, gudcob juco `orob tmrcocu tkfjjk smbkfjjo dmfymhoheof jcuelso hlalr em urkf (^utro, 8>?=). ^mdmrkesoof `orob cmfjeop `opot `kcoeueof `mfjof dmfjjufoeof Qakcc Ymt OHA. Gudcob `orob yofj `khutubeof uftue dmfjueur eo`or jcuelso `orob o`ocob 8,=-0 ½C. @orob `kcmtoeof po`o sksk eofof tmst strkp, `orob oeof tmrsmrop smaoro ltldotks `of boskc pmfjueurof oeof tmrhoao smtmcob ?? `mtke po`o Jcuel-@r® tmst dmtmr. ^mdmrkesoof OCP `of OQP `opot `kcoeueof `mfjof Xmiclvmt pcus doabkfm dmfjjufoeof Xmicltrlf EKP. ^mdmrkesoof urkf `kcoeueof `mfjof dmfjjufoeof @ypstka @yp stkae. e. ^mruho ^mruhobof bof worfo worfo yofj yofj tmrgo`k tmrgo`k po`o po`o stkae stkae `kkftm `kkftmrpr rprmtos mtoskeo keof f `mfjof `mfjof dmdhof`kfjeof `mfjof seoco worfo rugueof yofj tmr`opot po`o hltlc `ypstkae  (Iktrkofk mt oc ., ., 8>?9).

.9

@koj @kojfl flso so Hof`kf f`kfj j

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

?9

 

^o`oo euakfj ^o` euakfj,, `kojfl `kojflso so hof`kf hof`kfj j `ork `ork `kohmt `kohmtms ms dmccktu dmccktuss o`ocob o`ocob jcuels jcuelsurk urkoo jkfgoc, hkosofyo tk`oe dmfymhoheof plckurko/plck`kpsko, pmfurufof hmrot ho`of, otou bkpmrjckem bkpmrjckemdko. dko. @kojflso @kojflso hof`kfj hof`kfj cokffyo cokffyo yoktu bkpmrjckemdko bkpmrjckemdko oekhot strms  po`o euakfj, hkosofyo tk`oe o`o plckurko/plck`kpsko otou pmfurufof hmrot ho`of, elfsmftrosk jcuelso `orob flrdoc gkeo sodpmc `kodhkc soot euakfj tk`oe strms `of iruetlsodkf flrdoc. ^o`o ofgkfj, `kojflso hof`kfj `ork `kohmtms dmccktus o`ocob jcuelsurko jkfgoc, `kdofo tk`oe dmfymhoheof bkpmrjckemdko `of hkosofyo tk`oe  o`o tof`o-t tof`o-tof` of`oo embkco embkcofjo fjof f hmrot hmrot ho`of ho`of `mfjof `mfjof plckioj plckiojko ko (Pkccmy (Pkccmy `of Qdktb, Qdktb, 8>?9). Pof`o-tof` Pof` o-tof`oo eckfks eckfks `kohmtms `kohmtms dmccktus dmccktus smpmrtk plckurko, plck`kpsko, plck`kpsko, plckiojko, plckiojko,  pmfurufof hmrot ho`of `of fopos emtltke `opot tmreokt `mfjof elf`ksk cokf. Elf`ks Elf `kskk yofj yofj dufjek dufjekf f dmfjoe dmfjoekho khoteo teof f emhkfj emhkfjufj ufjof of soot `kojfl `kojflso so `kohmt `kohmtms ms dmccktu dmc cktuss tmrdosu tmrdosue e skf`rl skf`rld d Ausbk Ausbkfj, fj, jojoc jojoc jkfgoc jkfgoc erlfks erlfks,, pmfyoe pmfyoekt kt botk botk `of  pyldmtro. ]ftue dmfmjoeeof `kojflso `kohmtms dmccktus, huetk puoso pmrskstmf bkpmrjckemdk bkpmrj ckemdkoo `of jckelsurko jckelsurko `kpmrcueof. `kpmrcueof. @kcmdo @kcmdo `kojflstke `kojflstke `opot tmrgo`k tmrgo`k po`o euakfj, `kdofo eo`or jcuelso `orob po`o euakfj strms smrkfjeock tk`oe hmrhm`o `orkk euakfj `or euakfj yofj yofj dmf`mr dmf`mrkto kto `kohmt `kohmtms ms dmccktu dmccktus. s. ^mfjod ^mfjodhkc hkcof of `orob `orob po`o po`o euakfj euakfj dmfymhoheof strms (Qouf`mrs, 8>?0). .:

^mfjlhotof

Pmropk uftue bmwof yofj dmfjocodk `kohmtms dmccktus oeof sofjot suckt,  hobeof po`o hmhmropo eosus tmropk borus `kgocofeof smudur bk`up. Pmropk `ktugueof `ktug ueof po`o pmdhmrkof pmdhmrkof kfgmesk kfsuckf kfsuckf uftue dmdhoftu dmdhoftu dlhkcksosk dlhkcksosk juco `orob em gorkfjof gorkfjof tuhub. tuhub. Eormfo eosus `kohmtms dmccktus hmrgocof sofjot codo, hkosofyo  pmdkcke oeof `kogork lcmb `letmr hojokdofo aoro dmfyuftke lhot `k howob euckt otou yofj `ksmhut suheutof. Foduf tkf`oeof kfk hkosofyo oeof dmfymhoheof mime  sodpkfj sodp kfj emjmdu emjmdueof eof.. Foduf Foduf,, po`o po`o eosus eosus `mfjof `mfjof eldpck eldpckeos eosk, k, dmdhut dmdhutube ubeof of lhsmrvosk cmhkb cofgut `of rowot kfop. Bmwof `kohmtms dmccktus `mfjof eldpckeosk oeof `ktofjofk cmhkb kftmfski `mfjof aokrof kfius `of pmdhmrkof poeof ebusus uftue bmwof `kohmtms. @kmt yofj hmfor o`ocob sofjot pmftkfj uftue dmfofjofk `kohmtms dmccktus. ^oeof eldmrskc ebusus uftue `kohmtms dmccktus su`ob hofyoe   hmrm`or `k Eckfke Bmwof, smbkfjjo dmdpmrdu`ob pmdkcke bmwof `ocod dmfgojo `kmt bmwof emsoyofjof. ^oeof kfk su`ob `krofaofj ebusus uftue poskmf `kohmtms

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

?:

 

dmccktus, `mfjof dmfjotur gudcob juco `ocod `orob. Qocob sotu tmropk yofj tk`oe  eocob pmftkfj uftue bmwof emsoyofjof o`ocob mxmraksm otou cotkbof ikske uftue  dmfurufeof hmrot ho`of po`o poskmf `kohmtms dmccktus yofj dmf`mrkto lhmsktos (^utro, 8>?=). Emsuesmsof tmropk tmrbo`op eosus `kohmtms dmccktus po`o bmwof emsoyofjof  hmrjoftufj `ork pmfjlhotof `of emrgo sodo `mfjof pmdkcke. ^mfjlhotof dmckhoteof eldhkfosk oftoro pmfjurofjof hmrot ho`of, `kmt tmropk, pmfjjufoof kfgmesk kfsuckf `of lhot bkpljckemdke lroc. ^o`o euakfj, pmfjjufoof `kmt tmropk `mfjof doeofof yofj tkfjjk prltmkf `of rmf`ob eorhlbk`rot. Qm`ofjeof po`o ofgkfj, `khutubeof doeofof yofj eoyo smrot `of eorhlbk`rot eldpcmes. Boc yofj  pmftkfj uftue tmropk `kohmtms dmccktus po`o bmwof emsoyofjof o`ocob dmfgojo ojorr eo`or ojo eo`or jcuels jcuelsoo `orob `orob bmwof bmwof pmckbo pmckboroo roof f dmf`me dmf`meotk otk eo`or eo`or flrdoc flrdoc,, pmrcu pmrcu `kbkf` `kb kf`ork ork emo`oo emo`oof f `kodof `kodofoo eo`or eo`or jcuels jcuelsoo `orob `orob tmrcocu tmrcocu tkfjjk tkfjjk doupuf doupuf tmrcocu tmrcocu rmf`ob rmf `ob.. Qmtkop Qmtkop bmwof bmwof dmdhut dmdhutube ubeof of mvocuo mvocuosk sk eo`or eo`or jcuels jcuelsoo `orob `orob rutkf rutkf `of  pmfjlhotof smsuok rmsplf `ork bmwof tmrsmhut (@mwk, 8>?:). O. Kfsuckf

Kfsuck Kfs uckf f `opot `opot dmfuru dmfurufeo feof f eo`or eo`or jcuels jcuelsoo `orob `orob `mfjof `mfjof dmfstkd dmfstkduco ucosk sk  pmfjodhkcof jcuelso pmrkimr `of dmfjbodhot prl`uesk jcuelso bmpotke. Qm`koof kfsuck kfs uckf f `kpmrl `kpmrlcmb cmb `ork `ork hl hlvk vkfm fm (so (sopk) pk),,  plrakfm (hohk), otou dmcocuk rmeldmf`osk @FO (budof (budof kfsuckf). kfsuckf). ^o`o bmwof emsoyofjof, sm`koof kfsuckf yofj hmrosoc `ork hlvkfm `of `of plrakfm  plrakfm yofj pockfj smrkfj `kjufoeof smhojok tmropk tmrbo`op `kohmtms dmccktus. ^o`o bmwof emsoyofjof bofyo `uo prl`ue kfsuckf yofj `ksmtuguk lcmb  Ill` of` @ruj O`dkfkstrotklf (I@O) uftue `k jufoeof po`o ofgkfj `of euakfj yoktu plrakfm yoktu  plrakfm kfsuc kfsuckf kf `of hlvkfm kfsuckf. Blrdlf cokf yofj `ksmtuguk I@O o`ocob  prl`ue yofj hmemrgo cmhkb codo yoktu budof rmaldhkfoft prltodkfm zkfa  zkfa   kfsuckf (^WK) yofj `ksmtuguk uftue `kjufoeof po`o euakfj (@mwk, 8>?:). Kfsuck Kfs uckf f dutco dutcoe e `khmrkeo `khmrkeof f empo`o empo`o

poskmf poskmf @D tkpm ? oto otou u yofj `kemfoc `kemfoc

smhojok Kfsuckf smhojok  Kfsuckf @mpmf`mft @kohmtms Dmccktus (K@@D). (K@@D).   ^o`o @D tkpm ?, smc-smc Ü Cofjmrbofs poskmf dmfjocodk emrusoeof smbkfjjo tk`oe `opot cojk dmdprl`uesk kfsuck kfs uckf. f. Qmhojo Qmhojokk pmfjjo pmfjjoftk ftkfyo fyo,, pmf`mr pmf`mrkto kto @D tkpm tkpm ? dmdhut dmdhutube ubeof of kfsuck kfsuckf f mesljmf mesl jmf ojor ojor dmtohl dmtohlcksd cksdmm eorhlb eorhlbk`r k`rot ot `ocod `ocod tuhubf tuhubfyo yo hmrcof hmrcofjsu jsufj fj flrdoc flrdoc.. Qmcokf ktu, kfsuckf gujo `khmrkeof empo`o poskmf @D tkpm 8 yofj eo`or jcuelso

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

?2

 

`orobfyo `orobf yo tk`oe `opot `kemf`ocke `kemf`ockeof of `mfjof `mfjof `kmt `of oftk`kohmtk oftk`kohmtke e lroc, `kohmtms dmccktus `mfjof hmrot ho`of dmfuruf ampot, `kohmtms dmccktus `mfjof eldpckeosk oeut, `kohmtms dmccktus smtmcob lpmrosk pofermos (pofermotldk), `kohmtms dmccktus `mfjof emtlosk`lsks otou eldpckeosk cokf. Emhofyoeof ofgkfj dmdhutubeof F^B otou cmftm `kjufoeof smhojok tmropk owoc `mfjof `lsks >,= ]/ej, `mfjof suftkeof `uo eock smbork. ^o`o euakfj, jcorjkfm o`ocob pkckbof kfsuckf yofj `opot `kjufoeof smhojok kfsuckf hosoc. Kfsuckf jcorjkfm `opot hmemrgo smhojok kfsuckf hosoc cmhkb codo `of `kjufoeof hmrsodoof `mfjof `kmt tkfjjk prltmkf `of rmf`ob eorhlbk`rot. ^mfjbmftkof pmfjjufoof kfsuckf po`o 2>-;>% eosus `ocod 1-0 hucof pmrtodo.  F^B, Cmftm `of ^WK kfsuckf gujo `opot `kjufoeof po`o euakfj `mfjof `lsks ducok `ork ? sodpok 1 ufkt (@mwk, 8>?:). @ocod elf`ksk iksklcljks, emhutubof kfsuckf poskmf `kohmtms dmccktus tmrhojk dmfgo` dmf go`kk kfsuck kfsuckf f hosoc hosoc `of kfsuck kfsuckf f prof`k prof`koc. oc. Kfsuckf Kfsuckf hosoc hosoc tmr`krk tmr`krk `ork `ork kfsuck kfsuckf f kftmrdm`kotm, `of kftmrdm`kotm,  `of kfsuckf clfj oatkfj . Kfsuckf prof`koc tmr`krk `ork sblrt `ork sblrt oatkfj `of ropk` oatkfj. oatkfj.   Kfsuck Kfsuckf f dmrupo dmrupoeof eof tmropk tmropk pmftkf pmftkfj j `ocod `ocod pmfjlh pmfjlhoto otof f `kohmt `kohmtms ms dmccktus po`o ofgkfj `of euakfj. Bodpkr smduo eosus `kohmtms dmccktus po`o ofgkfj ofg kfj dmrup dmrupoeo oeof f kfsuc kfsuckfm-`mp kfm-`mpmf`mf mf`mftt otou tkpm ?, sm`ofjeof po`o euakfj 9>% eosuss tk`oe eosu tk`oe hmrjof hmrjoftuf tufj j po`o po`o kfsuck kfsuckf. f. ^mdhmr ^mdhmrkof kof kfsuck kfsuckf f mesljm mesljmf f smaoro smaoro `kfk `kfk dmrupoeof eldplfmf pmftkfj uftue dmdpmrhokek `of dmf`ueufj iufjsk smc hmto yofj yofj

dmdp dmdprl rl`u `ues eskk

kfsu kfsuck ckf. f.

^o ^o`o `o

bmwo bmwof f

em emso soyo yofj fjof of

pm pmdk dkck ckbo bof f

tm tmro ropk pk

dmfjjufoeof kfsuckf `kcoeueof eormfo hutub pmfofjofof yofj ampot po`o soot eo`or jcuelso `orob dmclfgoe tkfjjk. Hkco tmropk kfsuckf tmcob `kcoeueof, pmrcu `kcoeueof dlfktlrkfj eo`or jcuelso (@mwk, 8>?:). Kfsuckf dmdpufyok mdpot pmfjorub yofj `opot dmfurufeof jcuelso `orob `of dmfkfjeoteof pmfykdpofof eorhlbk`rot, yoktu (@mwk, 8>?:)7 o. Kfsu Kfsuck ckf f dmdp dmdpmr mrdu du`o `ob b dosu dosuef efyo yo jcue jcuels lsoo em `o `oco cod d sm smho hojk jkof of hm hmso sorr sm smcc (dmdpmrdu`ob trofsplr jcuelso dmcmwotk dmdhrof smc).  h. Kfsuckf dmrofjsofj jckeljmfmsks `k ltlt `of botk smrto pmfykdpofof trkjcksmrk` `ocod gorkfjof cmdoe. a. Kfs Kfsuck uckf f dmfjbo dmfjbodho dhott jckelj jckeljmfl mflcksk ckskss smbkfj smbkfjjo jo dmfkfj dmfkfjeot eoteof eof pmfykd pmfykdpof pofof of eorhlbk`rot `of dmfurufeof pmfjmcuorof jcuelso lcmb botk.

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

?;

 

`. Kfsuckf Kfsuckf dmfjbodhot dmfjbodhot jcuelfmljmfm jcuelfmljmfmsks sks `mfjof gocof dmfurufeof dmfurufeof gudcob osod odkfl `orob hojk botk uftue jcuelfmljmfmsks `of dmfjbodhot mfzkd-mfzkd botk yofj `kpmrcueof `ocod prlsms tmrsmhut. H. Lhot Lhot Bkpl Bkpljck jckemd emdke ke Lro Lrocc

^mfj ^mfjju jufo foof of lh lhot ot bkpl bkpljc jcke kemd mdke ke lroc lroc (oftk (oftk`k `koh ohmt mtke ke lr lroc oc)) po po`o `o bm bmwo wof f emsoyof emso yofjof jof hkosof hkosofyo yo `khmrk `khmrkeof eof po`o po`o hmhmro hmhmropo po emo`oo emo`oof f tmrtmf tmrtmftu tu socob socob sotufyo sotufyo `kdofo pmdkcke mfjjof uftue dmcoeueof suftkeof kfsuckf smaoro tmrotur `of `ork smjk ikfofskoc pmdkcke. Lhot bkpljckemdke lroc tmrbo`op eosus `kohmtms dmccktus tmr`opo tmr` opott ckdo ckdo jlclfj jlclfjof of lhot lhot bkpljc bkpljckem kemdke dke lroc lroc `of `uo troam dkfmroc dkfmroc yofj yofj `kjufoeof po`o dofusko `of `kjufoeof po`o bmwof emsoyofjof smhojok hmrkeut (@mwk, 8>?:)7 ?. Quci Qucil lfk fkcu currmo

Jlclf Jl clfjof jof sucilf sucilfkcu kcurmo rmo dmrupo dmrupoeof eof lhot lhot bkpljc bkpljckem kemdke dke lroc lroc yofj yofj pockfj pockfj `obucu `ob ucu `ktmdu `ktmdueof eof.. Jlclfj Jlclfjof of kfk smrkfj smrkfj `ksmhu `ksmhutt smhojo smhojokk kfsuc kfsuckf kf smarmtojljums smarmtojljums eormfo dmeofksdm emrgofyo dmrosofj smermsk kfsuckf `k pofermos. ^mfjjufoof lhot-lhotof jlclfjof sucilfkcurmo `ocod gofjeo pofgofj otou `lsks hmsor `opot dmfymhoheof bkpljckemdke. Jlcljof sucilfkcurmo `khojk dmfgo`k `uo jlclfjof yokt yoktu u

jmfm jmfmro rosk sk K tmr` tmr`kr krkk `ork `ork tlch tlchut utod odk` k`,,

tl tlco cozo zodk dk`, `, os osmt mtlb lbme meso sodk dk` `

`o `of f

eclrprlpodk`. Jmfmrosk KK `mfjof pltmfsk bkpljckemdke cmhkb hmsor, oftoro cokf jckhurk`, jckhu rk`, jckhmfecod jckhmfecodk`, k`, jckpkzk`, jckpkzk`, jckecozk`, jckecozk`, `of jckdmpkrk`. jckdmpkrk`. ]dudfyo ]dudfyo pltmfsk pltmfsk bkpljc bkp ljckem kemdke dke sucilf sucilfycu ycurmo rmo jmfmros jmfmroskk KK bodpkr bodpkr ?> ?>> > eock eock cmhkb cmhkb hmsor hmsor `khof` `khof`kfj kfj jmfmrosk K. Lcmb eormfo ktu `khutubeof pmrtkdhofjof dotofj `ocod dmdkckb gmfks lhott yofj lho yofj `kjufo `kjufoeof eof tmreok tmreoktt elf`ks elf`kskk poskmf poskmf.. Mime Mime sodpkf sodpkfj j yofj yofj `ktkdh `ktkdhuce uceof of  hmrupo jofjjuof socuro amrfo `of soekt empoco. Bkpljckemdko hofyoe tmrgo`k po`o  poskmf usko cofgut `mfjof jofjjuof bmpor otou jkfgoc tmrutodo `mfjof doso emrgo yofj pofgofj `of `lsks yofj tk`oe tmpot. Mime sodpkfj cokf o`ocob duoc, duftob, `korm, jmgoco bmdotlcljke bmdotlcljke smpmrtk trldhlsktlp trldhlsktlpmfko, mfko, ojrofuclskt ojrofuclsktlsks, lsks, `of ofmdko ofmdko opcostke opcostk e smrto jmgoco susufof susufof soroi pusot, doto `of smhojokfyo. smhojokfyo. Lhot sucilfkcurmo sucilfkcurmo lroc dmrofjsofj smermsk kfsuckf `of tmcob hmrboskc `kjufoeof uftue dmfjlhotk `kohmtms po`o euakfj tmtopk tk`oe po`o ofgkfj.

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

8>

 

8. Dmjcktkfk`

Dmeo Dm eofk fksd sdmm em emrgo rgo lh lhot ot jl jlcl clfj fjof of dmjc dmjckt ktkf kfk` k` dkrkp dkrkp `m `mfj fjof of jl jlcl clfj fjof of sucilf suc ilfkcu kcurmo, rmo, yoefk yoefk dmfkfj dmfkfjeot eoteof eof skftmsk skftmskss `of smermsk smermsk kfsuck kfsuckf f lcmb lcmb emcmfg emcmfgor  or   pofermos. Doso porubfyo rmcotki ampot smbkfjjo pmrcu `khmrkeof hmhmropo eock smbork. ]dudfyo lhot jlclfjof kfk `keldhkfoskeof `mfjof lhot oftk`kohmtke lroc cokffyo. Mime sodpkfj utodo kocob bkpljckemdko `of jofjjuof socurof amrfo. Alftlb lhot jlclfjof kfk o`ocob rmpojckfk` `of fotmjckfk`. 1. Hkjuofk`

Qotu Qotu-so -sotu tufy fyoo smfyo smfyowo wo jclf jclfjo jof f hkju hkjuof ofk` k` yo yofj fj bk bkfj fjjo jo soot soot kf kfkk doskb doskb `kjufoeof yoefk dmtilrdkf. Dmeofkdm emrgo lhot kfk kocob dmfurufeof prl`uesk jcue jcuels lsoo `k bm bmpo porr `o `of f dmfj dmfjur urof ofjk jk tmrg tmrgo` o`kf kfyo yo jc jcue uelf lfml mljm jmfm fmsks sks.. Qm Qmco cokf kf ktu, ktu, dmtilr dmt ilrdkf dkf gujo gujo dmfkfj dmfkfjeot eoteof eof smfsktk smfsktkikt iktos os gorkfj gorkfjof of ltlt ltlt `of o`kpls o`kplsmm tmrbo`o tmrbo`op p kfsuckf. Mime kfk tmrgo`k eormfo o`ofyo oetkvosk ekfosm `k smc. Dmtilrdkf lroc oeof dmfj dm fjoc ocod odkk oh ohsl slrp rpsk sk `k kftms kftmstk tkf, f, `o `ocod cod `o `orob rob tk`o tk`oe e tm tmrk rkeo eott pr prlt ltmkf mkf pc pcosd osdo, o, mesermskfyo dmcocuk urkf `ocod emo`oof utub, `of dmdkckek doso porub smektor 8  god. ^o`o poskmf `mfjof kfsuikskmfsk jkfgoc `opot tmrgo`k oeuducosk lhot `of dmfymhoheof tmrgo`kfyo osk`lsks coetot. @lsks dmtilrdkf po`o tkeus o`ocob ?>> dj/ej HH `of `khmrkeof sotu eock smbork. 0. Pk Pkoz ozlc lck` k`kf kf`k `klf lf (PW@ (PW@))

Qmfyowo jlclfjof tkozlck`kf`klf hmemrgo `mfjof dmfkfjeoteof empmeoof smc tuhub tuhub tmrbo`o tmrbo`op p kfsuck kfsuckf f `mfjof `mfjof aoro hmrkeo hmrkeotof tof `mfjof `mfjof  ^^OXα (^mrlxksldm  ^rlckimrotlr Oatkvotm` Xmamptlr-joddo) `k ltlt, gorkfjof cmdoe, `of botk. Qmcokf ktu gujo dmfurufeof emampotof jcuelfmljmfmsks, dmfurufeof gudcob osod cmdoe   hmhos `k pcosdo, `of rmdl`mckfj gorkfjof o`kplsm. Alftlb jlclfjof kfk o`ocob rlskjcutozlf `of pkljcktozlfm. =. ^mf ^mfjbo jbodhot dhot o-Jcuelsk`osm

Lhot jlclfjof o-Jcuelsk`osm o-Jcuelsk`osm hmriufjsk  hmriufjsk uftue dmfjbk`rlcksks lckjlsoeork`o  po`o `kf`kfj usus bocus. ^mfjbodhotof tmrbo`op emrgo mfzkd tmrsmhut smaoro mimetki `opot dmdpmremakc pmfkfjeoof eo`or jcuelso `orob plst prof`koc dmcocuk  pmfjurofjof

ohslrhsk

eorhlbk`rot

eldpcmes

smbkfjjo

`opot

dmfamjob

 pmfkfjeotof jcuelso pcosdo po`o lroj flrdoc doupuf po`o poskmf `kohmtms dmcc dm cckt ktus us.. Eorm Eormfo fo tk`o tk`oe e dmdp dmdpmf mfjo joru rubk bk kf kfsu suck ckf f doeo doeo tk`o tk`oe e

dmfk dmfkdh dhuc uceo eof f

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

8?

 

bkpljckemdk. Hkosofyo `kjufoeof uftue pmf`mrkto `kohmtms dmccktus usko cofgut `mfjof `mf jof dlfltm dlfltmrop ropkk otou otou poskmf poskmf `mfjof `mfjof eo`or eo`or jcuels jcuelsoo `orob `orob plst plst pof`rk pof`rkocf ocfyo yo tkfjjk tkf jjk.. ^mfjju ^mfjjufoo foof f oa oaor orhl hlsm sm tmcob dodpu dmfjelftrl dmfjelftrlcc jckemdko jckemdko po`o ofgkfj `kohmtms

^m ^mfj fjlh lhot otof of

`koh `kohmt mtms ms

dmcc dmcckt ktus us

po`o po`o

eu euak akfj fj,,

hm hmhm hmro ropo po

pm pmfj fjju jufo foof of

oftk`k oft k`kohmt ohmtke ke lroc lroc tmcob tmcob suesms suesms `kjufo `kjufoeof eof foduf foduf `k sksk cok cokf f tmcob tmcob `kcopl `kcoplreo reof f `kdofo smektor 2>% tk`oe hmemrgo smsuok iufjskfyo smbkfjjo boc kfk dmdpmrhurue  emo`oof `kohmtms dmccktus. ^mfjjufoof 9 sodpok 2 dkfjju lhot oftk`kohmtke lroc borus `kpmrbotkeof smhmcud emo`oof poskmf smdoekf hurue. Qmhmforfyo, lhot kfk tk`oe tmrsmrop smaoro skstmdke. @ork lhot oftk`kohmtms lroc yofj tmrsm`ko uftue  euakfj, lhot jckpkzk`m `of oaorhlsm yofj dmdkckek eboskot pockfj hofyoe `of dmdkckek tlesksktos yofj cmhkb rmf`ob (@mwk, 8>?:). ^o`o ^o`o of ofgk gkfj fj,, pm pmfj fjjj jjuf ufoof oof lh lhot ot of oftk tkhm hmtke tke lr lroc oc tk`o tk`oe e `k `kju jufo foeo eof f uf uftu tue  e  dmfjotur eo`or jcuelso `orob poskmf. ^mfjjufoof lhot-lhotof lroc bofyo smhojok todhobof tmropk kfsuckf. Gmfks lhot yoj `kjufoeof po`o ofgkfj yoktu Oaorhlsm (Jcualhoy Jcualhoy))  yof yofj j dmdkck dmdkckek ek dmeofk dmeofksdm sdm emrgo emrgo dmdpmr dmdpmrcod codhot hot dmtohl dmtohlcksd cksdmm potk potk smbkfj smbk fjjo jo `opot `opot dmfjmf dmfjmf`oc `ockeo keof f eo`or eo`or jcuels jcuelsoo plst plst prof`k prof`koc. oc. Foduf, Foduf, tmr`op tmr`opot ot  hmhmropo mime sodpkfj smbkfjjo lhot-lhotof kfk bofyo `kjufoeof po`o hmhmropo eosus tmrtmftu. Ocosof cokf lhot `kohmtms lroc tk`oe hmrboskc `kjufoeof po`o ofgkfj eormfo dmeofksdm emrgo lhot `mfjof dmrofjsofj smc hmto pofermos dmdprl`uesk cmhkb cmh kb hofyoe hofyoe kfsuck kfsuckf. f. Qm`ofj Qm`ofjeof eof emhofy emhofyoeo oeof f eosus eosus yofj yofj tmrgo` tmrgo`kk po`o po`o ofgkfj ofgkfj tmrgo`k

kfsuckf-`mp kfsuck f-`mpmf`mf mf`mftt

`kohmtms `kohmtms,,

yofj

hmrortk

smc

hmto

tk`oe

dodpu

dmdprl`uesk kfsuckf (@mwk, 8>?:).

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

88

 

HOH KKK ^MF]P]^ 1. 1.? ? Emsk Emskdp dpuc ucof of

@kohmt @ko hmtms ms dmcckt dmccktus us dmrupo dmrupoeof eof suotu suotu pmfyoe pmfyoekt kt yofj yofj dmckho dmckhoteo teof f poferm pofermos, os, yofj dmfjboskceof dmfjboskceof blrdlf blrdlf kfsuckf kfsuckf `of jcueojlf. jcueojlf. ^mfyoekt ^mfyoekt `kohmtms `kohmtms dmccktus dmccktus dmrupo dmr upoeof eof pmfyoe pmfyoekt kt erlfks erlfks yofj yofj tmrgo` tmrgo`kk eormfo eormfo emcmfg emcmfgor or poferm pofermos os tk`oe tk`oe `opot `opot dmdprl`ue dmdpr l`uesk sk kfsuckf kfsuckf smaoro o`meuot o`meuot yofj `ktof`ok `mfjof bkpmrjckem bkpmrjckemdko, dko, `of kftlcmrofsk jcuelso. ^mfyoekt kfk oeof dmfymhoheof gudcob juco `orob dmfkfjeot smaoro skjfkikeof. 1.8 Qorof

^mfucks ^mfu cks dmfyo`ork dmfyo`ork hobwo `ocod pmdhuotof pmdhuotof doeocob doeocob kfk doskb tmr`opot tmr`opot em emsoc socob obof of,, doeo doeo `o `ork rk ktu ktu pm pmfu fuck ckss dmfm dmfmrk rkdo do er erkt ktke ke yo yofj fj `o `opo pott dmdh dmdhof ofju juf f smbkfjjo doeocob yofj soyo huot `opot hmrdofioot.

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

81

 

@OIPOX ^]QPOEO @mwk @m wk EM@^ EM@^.. 8>?: 8>?:.. ]g ]gkk Oetk Oetkvk vkto toss Mestr Mestroe oe Mtof Mtoflc lc Euck Eucktt ^kso ^ksofj fj Dos Dos (Duso (Duso oaudkfoto (OO jrlup)) tmrbo`op ^mfurufof Eo`or Jcuelso @orob Dmfakt  (Dus dusaucus) yofj @kkf`uesk Oclesof Oclesof.. UQerkpskT. Doeossor7 ]fkvmrsktos Bosofu``kf. Pmrsm`ko po`o bttp7//`kjkckh.ufbos.oa.k`/upclo`m`\ikcms/tmdplrory/@kjktocAlccmatklf/LJMw [8GgWZDxWdIcDZK=[PayWPj8[gWkFg`kWgWcWPFkDJ[yWJWb[_44.p `i . U@koesms 8= Letlhmr 8>8?T. Iktrkofk O, Quortbo KF `of Zk`yostutk QE. 8>?9. Eosus @kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Euakfj Euak fj Cleoc. Cleoc.  Kf`lfmsko Dm`kaus Ymtmrkfus. Ymtmrkfus. =(=) 7 0>:-0?0. Pmrsm`ko po`o bttps7//lgs.ufu`.oa.k`/kf`mx.pbp/kdv/ortkacm/vkmw/89;:1.. bttps7//lgs.ufu`.oa.k`/kf`mx.pbp/kdv/ortkacm/vkmw/89;:1

U@koesms

8=

Letlhmr 8>8?T. Emf`rof OOQ, Qu`ksdo Emf`rof Qu`ksdo KJF, Qucoh`o Qucoh`o KF, Jlr`o Jlr`o KZ, Ofjjrmfk C@ `of Clmeock Clmeock HD.. 8>?1. HD 8>?1. Eo`or Eo`or Jcuel Jcuelso so @orob @orob Ofgkfj Ofgkfj Ekftodof Ekftodofk. k.  Hucmtkf Ymtmrkfmr  ]`oyofo.. ]`oyofo

=(8)7

:;-29.

Pmrsm`ko

po`o

bttp7//mrmpl.ufu`.oa.k`/k`/mprkft/?::2/?/9?:a:m81:hh1o88;9??m?8a>0:h90 bttp7//mrmpl.ufu`.oa.k`/k`/mprkft/?::2/?/9?:a:m81:hh1o88 ;9??m?8a>0:h90 8:`.p`i . U@koesms 8= Letlhmr 8>8?T. ^utr ^u troo OB. OB. 8>?= 8>?=..  @kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj . Ortkem Ortkemcc >> >>:-Y :-Ykto ktopmt pmt Ofkdoc Ofkdoc Ackfka.

Goeorto

]toro7

Yktopmt

Ofkdoc

Ackfka.

Pmrsm`ko

po`o

bttps7//vktopmtackfka.ald/wp-alftmft/upclo`s/8>?;/>?/@kohmtms-Dmcktus po`o-ofgkfj-`rb.-Of`bkeo-bor`ofk-putro.p`i   po`o-ofgkfj-`rb.-Of`bkeo-bor`ofk-putro.p `i . U@koesms 8= Letlhmr 8>8?T. Qouf Qouf`m `mrs rs G. 8> 8>?0 ?0.. @koh @kohmt mtms ms Dmcck Dmccktu tus7 s7 Kf @ljs @ljs of of` ` Aots. Aots. Ymtmrk Ymtmrkfory fory Furskfj  Furskfj   Glurfoc . ?0(9)7 88:-81>. Pmrsm`ko po`o bttps7//www.rmsmorabjotm.fmt/puhckaotklf/8:1?>8>9?\@kohmtms\Dmccktus\Kf  \@ljs\of`\Aots.. U@koesms 8= Letlhmr 8>8?T.  \@ljs\of`\Aots Pkccmy C^ `of Qdktb IZE. 8>?9.  Hcoaewmcc‛s ikvm-dkfutm vmtmrkfory alfsuct7 Aofkfm Aof kfm of` imc imckfm kfm Qkxtb Qkxtb M`ktk M`ktklf lf.. ]QO7 ]QO7 Zkcmy Zkcmy Hcoaew Hcoaewmcc. mcc. Pmrsm` Pmrsm`ko ko po`o po`o bttps7//k`?ckh.lrj/hlle/89822:1/o?9aaa bttps7//k`?ckh.lrj/hlle/89822:1/o?9aaa.. U@koesms 8= Letlhmr 8>8?T.

@kohmtms Dmccktus po`o Ofgkfj `of Euakfj

80