Makalah Bentuk Dan Unsur Jarimah

 

 Kdodgdf

HI ^ \ ^ \  B AGLF = OLGAKZAO > BDKD

= BLZI YDBI = IOD IHDYDBI = IPDUDXI

^LK/\BIX ZPAHY

= IS/I = ^-I

Zlk`ik`ibe KDPUDB, KD ZLBED^\F= DGOIDF, KZh

 

ODXD ZLBEDBXDP 

^ledgd pumi pumi `dei Dggdf sswt wt ydbe ttlgdf lgdf klk klk`lriod `lriodb b gikpd gikpdfdb fdb odrub odrubid id ydbe ti tihdo hdo tlr tlrfib fibeed eed

slf slfibe ibeed ed plby plbyusub usubdb db kdodgd kdodgdf f ibi tlrsl tlrslgls glsdio diodb db

hlbedb hlbedb `di `dio, o,

 

sfdgdwdt hdb sdgdk olpdhd mdbmubedb dgdk Bd`i `lsdr Kufdkkdh ^dw. plk`dwd ris risdgd dgdf f Dgg Dggdf df swt klbedb klbedbhube hube plha plhakdb kdb fihu fihup p ydbe tlr tlrdbe dbe `dei ukdt kdbu kdbusid sid hihubid hdb hidofirdt. Kdodgdf ibi klk`dfds tlbtdbe ‗@lbtuo hdb \bsur Mdrikdf‛ . ^dyd sdhdr  Kdodgdf  `dfwd plbyusub kdodgdf ibi sdbedtgdf mduf hdri olslkpurbddb, kdod hdri ibi sdyd sdbedt klbefdrdpodb oritio hdb sdrdb hdri plk`dnd. Kuhdf-kuhdfdb kdodgdf ibi  `lrkdbcddt `dei pdrd plk`dnd ofususbyd kdfdsiswi. ^lkaed mued klbmdhi dkdg ydbe `dio hdb hitlrikd hisisi Dggdf ^UX. Dkiib.

Zlbugis

Olgakpao >

HDCXDP I^I

 

Fdgdk db

0

 

.................................................................................... ODXD ZLBEDBXDP ....................................................................................

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....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..... HDCXDP I^I....

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@D@ I = ZLBHDF\G\DB..... ........ ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ... D. Gd Gdtd tdrr @lgd @lgdodb odbe.. e..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... ...... .....

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@. Pu Puku kusd sdb b kds kdsdg dgdf. df... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .....

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....... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... @D@ II = ZLK@DFD^DB.....

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D. Zlbelr Zlbelrti tidb db Mdri Mdrikd kdf.. f..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..

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@. \bsu \bsurr-ubs ubsur ur Mdri Mdrikd kdf f hdb hdb A` A`ml mlo o Od Odmi midb dbbyd byd.. .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... ..... ..

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N. Zlk`de Zlk`deid idb b Mdri Mdrikd kdf.. f.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .....

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@D@ III = ZLB\X\Z..... ........ ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .....

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D. Olsi Olsikpu kpugd gdb.. b..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...

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@. ^d ^drd rdb.. b.... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... ..

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HDCXDP Z\^XDOD..... ....... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...

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@D@ I ZLBHDF\G\DB

D. Gd Gdtd tdrr `l `lgd gdod odbe be Hdgdk Hdg dk Fuou Fuouk k Is Isgdk gdk,, tibhdo tibhdo pih pihdbd dbd (hlgio (hlgio,, mdr mdrikd ikdf) f) hid hidrti rtiodb odb sl`dedi sl`dedi

 plr`udtdb-plr`udtdb ydbe higdrdbe ^ydrd’ ydbe hidbndk aglf Dggdf hlbedb h lbedb fuoukdb fuhuh, fuhu h, qis qisfdsf fdsf-hi -hiydt ydt,, dtd dtdu u td’ td’zir zir.. Gdr Gdrdbed dbedb-g b-gdrd drdbedb bedb ^ydr ^ydrd’ d’ tlr tlrsl` sl`ut ut dhdo dhdodgd dgdbyd byd  `lrupd klbelrmdodb plr`udtdb ydbe higdrdbe dtdu klbibeedgodb plr`udtdb ydbe hiplri hip lribtd btdfodb fodb.. Odt Odtdd ^yd ^ydrd’ rd’ pdhd plbe plbelrt lrtidb idb tlr tlrsl` sl`ut ut hik hikdosu dosuhodb hodb `dfw `dfwdd sudtu sudtu  plr`udtdb `dru hidbeedp tibhdo pihdbd dpd`igd higdrdbe aglf ^ydrd’. Fuouk Zihdbd Isgdk hdgdk plbelrtid plbelrtidb b ciqf hdpdt hisdkdodb hisdkdodb hlbedb istigdf istigdf ‗mdrikdf‛ ydbe hidrtiodb sl`dedi gdrdbedb ^ydrd’ ydbe himdtufi sdbosi aglf plk`udt ^ydri’dt (Dggdf) hlbedb fuoukdb fdhh dtdu td’zir. Hi dbtdrd plk`deidb mdrikdf ydbe pdgibe plbtibe dhdgdf plk`deidb ydbe hitibmdu hdri slei fuoukdbbyd. Mdrikdf hitibmdu hdri slei fuoukdbbyd tlr`dei olpdhd tied `deidb, yditu mdrikdf fuhuh, mdrikdf qisfdsf hdb hiydt, slrtd slrtd mdrikdf td’zir.

@. Pu Puku kusd sdb b Kd Kdsd sdgd gdf f

4. Dp Dpdd yd ydbe be h hik ikdo dosu suh h Md Mdri rikd kdf f1 0. Dpd sd sdmd md ubs ubsurur-ubsu ubsurr Mdr Mdrikd ikdf f hdb A`m A`mlo lo Odm Odmidb idbbyd byd >. @d @dedi edikd kdbd bd plk plk`d `dei eidb db Md Mdri rikd kdf f1

N. Xu Xumud mudb bZ Zlk lk`df `dfdsd dsdb b

4. Klb Klbelt eltdfui dfui h hdb db klk klkdfdk dfdkii plbe plbelrt lrtidb idb Md Mdrik rikdf df 0. Klbelt Klbeltdfui dfui hd hdb b klkd klkdfdki fdki ub ubsur-u sur-ubsur bsur Mdrik Mdrikdf df hdb A`mlo Odmidb Odmidbbyd byd >. Klb Klbelt eltdfui dfui h hdb db klk klkdfdk dfdkii plk` plk`dei deidb db Mdr Mdrikd ikdf f

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@D@ II ZLK@DFD^DB

D. Zl Zlbel belrti rtidb db M Mdri drikd kdf f sibabikbyd kbyd ( ‫ نـصع‬ ‫ ) ؾئ‬drtibyd `lrusdfd Mdrikdf Mdrik df `lrdsd `lrdsdgg hdri odtd (   ‫ )ا‬ydbe sibabi

hdb `lolrmd. \sdfd hisibi hicaousodb pdhd usdfd ydbe tihdo `dio dtdu usdfd ydbe hi`lb hi`lbni ni aglf aglf kd kdbu busi sid. d. Dt Dtdu du hdpdt hdpdt hidr hidrti tiodb odb md mdri rikd kdf f dhdgd dhdgdf f klgd klgdouo ouodb db sl slti tidp dp  plr`udtdb ydbe klbyikpdbe hdri ol`lbdrdb (plr`udtdb hasd), oldhigdb, hdb mdgdb ydbe gurus (dedkd).4 Klburut istigdf, hlcibisi mdrikdf ydbe hiolkuododb aglf Ikdk dg-Kdwdrhi =

‫ذ‬‫ ح‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ثء‬ ‫كم‬ ‫وى‬‫حح‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫شإ‬‫ ثض‬ ‫إأ‬  ‫إوو‬ ‗Mdr ‗Mdrik ikdf df dhd dhdgd gdf f plr` plr`udt udtdbdb-pl plr` r`udt udtdb db ydb ydbe e higd higdrd rdbe be aglf aglf sydr sydrd’ d’,, yd ydbe be hidbndk hlbedb fuoukdb fdh dtdu td’zir.‛ Odtd mdrikdf hiistig hiistigdfodb dfodb hdgdk fuouk pasit pasitic ic sl`dedi tibhdo pihdbd (hlgi (hlgio) o) dtdu plgdbeedrdb. Hdgdk plkdodidb odtd mibdydf klkpubydi drti gl`if guds, yditu hitumuodb  `dei sledgd slsudtu ydbe dhd sdbeout pdutbyd hlbedb olmdfdtdb kdbusid hdb tihdo  hitu hi tumu muod odb b pdhd pdhd sdtu sdtudb db plr` plr`ud udtd tdb b ha hasd sd tl tlrt rtlb lbtu tu (m (mdr drik ikdf df). ). Ag Aglf lf od odrl rlbd bd itu, itu,  plk`dfdsdb ciqf ydbe klkudt kdsdgdf-kdsdgdf olmdfdtdb, plgdbeedrdb ydbe hiolrm hio lrmdodb dodb kdb kdbusi usid, d, hdb fuou fuoukdb kdb ydbe hid hidbndk bndkodb odb olpdhd olpdhd plgdou plgdou plr`udt plr`udtdb db hisl`ut ciqf mibdydf, `uodb ciqf mdrikdf. 0 Zlbelrtidb mdrikdf tlrsl`ut fdkpir `lrslsudidb hlbedb plbelrtidb klburut fuouk fuou k pasiti pasiticc (fuo (fuouk uk pihdbd pihdbd Ibh Ibhabls ablsid) id).. Mdr Mdrikd ikdf f hdgdk hdgdk ist istig igdf df fuouk fuouk pihdbd pihdbd Ibhablsid hidrtiodb hlbedb plristiwd pihdbd. Klburut Kr. Xrlsbd hdgdk `uoubyd Dsds-dsds Fuouk Zihdbd, plristiwd pihdbd idgdf rdbeodidb plr`udtdb kdbusid ydbe  `lrtlbtdbedb hlbedb ubhdbe-ubhdbe dtdu plrdturdb plrubhdbedb gdibyd, tlrfdhdp  plr`udtdb kdbd hidhdodb tibhdodb plbefuoukdb.

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 Pdfkdt Fdoik, Fuouk Fdoik, Fuouk Zihdbd Isgdk?Ciqif Mibdydf Mibdydf,nlt.0, ,nlt.0, (@dbhube = Zustdod ^ltid, 0:::),

fdg.9 0

 Dfkdh Udrhi0::3), Kusgifdg. Kusginf, nf,  Zlbedbtdr Hdb Dsds Fuouk Zihdbd Isgdk? Ciqf Mibdydf, nlt.II , (Mdodrtd= ^ibdr Erdciod, 4<

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 Zlbelrtidb mdrikdf klburut sydrd’  pdhd gdf gdfiri iriydf ydfbyd byd tlr tlrbydt bydtdd slhioi slhioitt `lr` `lr`lhd lhd hl hlbed bedb b plbel plbelrt rtid idb b mdri mdrikd kdf f dtdu dtdu tibhd tibhdo o pihdb pihdbdd klbu klburu rutt fuouk fuouk pa pasi siti ticc hdgdk hdgdk oditdb odi tdbbyd byd hlbe hlbedb db kds kdsdgd dgdf f td’ td’zir zir.. Klbu Klburut rut fuou fuouk k isg isgdk dk fuoukdb fuoukdb td’ td’zir zir dhdgdf dhdgdf fuoukdb ydbe tih fuoukdb tihdo do tlr tlrndb ndbtuk tuk bds bdsf f dtd olt oltlbt lbtudbb udbbyd yd hdgdk hdgdk dgdg-Tur Tur’db ’db hdb ds^ubbdf, hlbedb oltlbtudb ydbe pdsti hdb tlrplribni. ^lhdbeodb klburut fuouk  pasitic hdgdk plrbelrtidb hi dtds, fuoukdb itu fdrus tlrndbtuk hdgdk ubhdbeubhdbe.

@. \bs \bsur-u ur-ubsur bsur M Mdrik drikdf df hdb A A`mlo `mlo O Odmid dmidbbyd bbyd

4. \b \bsu surr-ub ubsu surr Mdri Mdrikd kdf f ^udtu plr`udtdb hidbeedp sl`dedi tibhdo pihdbd dpd`igd ubsur-ubsurbyd tlgdf tlrplbufi. D`hug Tdhir Duhdf klbelkuododb `dfwd ubsur-ubsur ukuk mdrikdf dhd tied kdndk = d. \bsur Ca Carrkdg (   ‫إو‬ َ ‫و‬‫إ‬ ) yditu dhdbyd bdsf (oltlbtudb) ydbe klgdrdbe  plr`udtdb hdb klbedbndkbyd klbedbndkby d hlbedb fuoukdb. Hdgdk ubsur ibi tlrhdpdt gikd kdsdgdf paoao = 

Dsds gledgitds hdgdk fuouk pihdbd isgdk.



^uk`lr-suk`lr dturdb-dturdb pihdbd isgdk.



Kdsd `lrgdoubyd dturdb-dturdb pihdbd isgdk.



Gibeoubedb `lrgdoubyd dturdb-dturdb pihdbd isgdk.



Dsds plgdou dtdu tlrfdhdp sidpd `lrgdoubyd dturdb-dturdb fuouk pihdbd isgdk.

 `. \bsur Kdtlridg ( ‫إو‬ َ  ‫ )إو‬yditu yditu dhd dhdbyd byd tib tibeodf eodf gdo gdou u ydbe klk`lb klk`lbtuo  tuo   mdrikdf, `dio `lrupd plr`udtdb bydtd (pasitic) kdupub siodp tihdo `lr`udt (bledtic) ydbe `lrsicdt klgdwdb fuouk. \bsur kdtlriig ibi klbndoup dbtdrd gdib= 

Mdrikdf ydbe `lguk slglsdi dtdu plrna`ddb.



Xurut slrtd klgdouodb mdrikdf.

‫ إإ‬ َ ‫ ) إو‬yditu `dfwd plgdou dhdgdf ardbe ydbe kuodggdc, n. \bsur K Ka ardg ( ydobi ardbe ydbe hdpdt hikibtdi plrtdbeeubemdwd`db dtds tibhdo pihdbd ydbe higdouodb.

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Zlk`dfdsdb klbelbdi ubsur plrtdbeeubedwd`db ibi `lroisdr hud kdsdgdf  paoao = 

Zlrtdbeeubemdwd`db pihdbd.



Fdpusbyd plrtdbeeubemdwd`db pihdbd.

\bsur\bs ur-ubs ubsur ur hid hidtds tds klr klrupdo updodb db ubs ubsurur-ubsu ubsurr ydbe `lr `lrsic sicdt dt ukuk. ukuk. Drtibyd Drtibyd ubsur-ubsur tlrsl`ut dhdgdf ubsur ydbe sdkd hdb `lrgdou `dei sltidp kdndk mdrikdf (t (tib ibhdo hdo pihdb pihdbd/ d/hl hlgi gio) o).. Mdhi Mdhi pdhd pdhd mdri mdrikd kdf f dpdpu dpdpub b ol olti tied ed ub ubsu surr tl tlrs rsl`u l`utt fd fdru russ tlrplbufi. tlrpl bufi. \btuo ubsur ydbe slndrd ofusus `isd hiplgdmdri hiplgdmdri pdhd tidp kdsibe-kdsibe kdsibe-kdsibe  mdrikdf. 0. A` A`ml mlo o Od Odmi midb db MMdr drik ikdf df A`mlo utdkd odmidb ciqf mibdydf miod hioditodb hlbedb ubsur-ubsur tibhdo   pihdbd dtdu drodb dg-Mdrikdf, hdb a`mlo odmidb utdkd ciqf mibdydf sdbedt  `lrfu`ubedb lrdt hlbedb ubsur kdtlriig dtdu dg-Puob dg-Kdhi, kdod a`mlo odmidb utdkd ciqf mibdydf klgiputi tied kdsdgdf paoao = 

Mdrikdf Tisfdsf.



Mdrikdf Fuhuh.



Mdrikdf Xd’zir.>

N. Zl Zlk` k`dei deidb db M Mdri drikdf kdf

Kdndk-kdndk mdrikdf hdpdt higifdt hdri `l`lrdpd slei = 8 Hdrii sle Hdr sleii rib ribedbb edbbyd yd fuou fuoukdb kdb,, mdr mdrikd ikdf f hdpdt hdpdt hi` hi`dei dei olpd olpdhd hd tied tied `dei `deidb, db, yditu= 4. Mdr Mdrik ikdf df Fu Fuhu huh. h. 0. Mdri Mdrikd kdf f Ti Tisfd sfdsf sf h hdb db Hid Hidt. t. >.

Mdrikdf Xd’zir . Hdri slei bidtbyd, mdrikdf hi`dei olpdhd hud `deidb, yditu =

4. Mdri Mdrikd kdf f^ ^lb lbed edmd md..

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 K. Burug Ircdb hdb Kdsyracdf, Ciqf Kdsyracdf, Ciqf Mibdydf, nlt.4, Mibdydf, nlt.4, (Mdodrtd= Dkzdf, 0:4>), fdg.>-8

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fdg. 48-06 Dfkdh Udrhi Kusginf, Zlbedbtdr Hdb Dsds Fuouk Zihdbd Isgdk?Ciqf Mibdydf, nlt.II,…,

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Klburut Kufdkkdh D`u ]dfrdf, ydbe hikdosuh mdrikdf slbedmd dhdgdf sudtu mdrikdf ydbe higdouodb aglf slslardbe hlbedb olslbedmddb hdb dtds olflbhdo olfl bhdobyd byd slr slrtd td id klbe klbeltd ltdfui fui `dfw `dfwdd plr`udt plr`udtdb db tlr tlrsl` sl`ut ut hig higdrd drdbe be hdb hidbndk hlbedb fuoukdb. Hdgdk istigdf fuouk pasitic Ibhablsid mdrikdf ibi slmdgdb hlbedb hlgio hagus (klbedbhube ubsur olslbedmddb).< 0. Mdri Mdrikd kdf fX Xih ihdo do ^lb ^lbed edmd md.. D`hug Tdhir Duhdf klbelkuododb mdrikdf tihdo slbedmd dhdgdf mdrikdf hikdbd hik dbd plg plgdou dou tih tihdo do slbe slbedmd dmd (`l (`lrbi rbidt) dt) ubt ubtuo uo klgdouo klgdouodb db plr`udt plr`udtdb db ydbe ydbe higd higdrd rdbe be hdb hdb

plr` plr`ud udtd tdb b

tlrs tlrsl` l`ut ut tl tlrm rmdh dhii

sl sl`d `ded edii

doi` doi`dt dt olgd olgdgd gdid idbb bbyd yd

(olsdgdfdbbyd). Mdrikdf tihdo slbedmd ibi hdgdk istigdf istigdf fuouk pasitic Ibhablsid hisl`ut hlgio  nugpd (olsdgdfdb `lr`lbtuo oldgpddb). Hdri slei wdotu tlrtdbeodpbyd, mdrikdf itu hdpdt hi`dei olpdhd hud `deidb, yditu = 4) Mdrikdf Xlrtdbeodp @dsdf ( ‫م‬  ‫إوو‬ ‫إأ‬ ‫)ا‬ 0)

Mdrikdf

ydbe

Xihdo

Xlrtdbeodp

@dsdf

(‫م‬‫ل‬  ‫حح‬ ‫ إأ‬ ‫)ا‬

Hdri slei ndrd klgdouodbbyd, mdrikdf hi`dei hud `deidb = 4) Mdri Mdrikd kdf f Za Zasi siti ticc (‫ة‬ٍ‫ إ‬ ‫إأ‬ ‫)ا‬ Mdrikd Mdr ikdf f odr odrlbd lbd klg klgdoud doudodb odb plr plr`udt `udtdb db ydbe hig higdrd drdbe. be. Hdgdk Hdgdk fuouk fuouk  pasitic mdrikdf ibi hisl`ut hlgio nakkissiabis. 0) Mdri Mdrikd kdf f Bl Bled edti ticc (‫ة‬ ‫إأ‬ ‫)ا‬ Mdrikd Mdr ikdf f odr odrlbd lbd klbi klbibeed beedgod godb b plr plr`udt `udtdb db ydbe hiplri hiplribtd btdfodb fodb.. Hdgdk Hdgdk fuouk pasitic hisl`ut hlgiotd nakkissiabis. Hdri slei a`mlo dtdu sdsdrd sdsdrdb b ydbe tlrolb tlrolbdd aglf mdrikdf, mdrikdf, kdod mdrikdf mdrikdf hi`dei klbmdhi hud `deidb = 4) Mdri Mdrikd kdf f Zl Zlrs rsla lard rdbed bedb b (‫إ‬ ‫ل‬‫إ‬ ‫سء‬ ‫إأ‬ ‫)ا‬ Mdrikdf plrslardbedb dhdgdf sudtu mdrikdf hikdbd fuoukdb tlrfdhdp  plgdoubyd himdtufodb ubtuo klgibhubei fdo plrslardbedb (ibhiv ihu).

<

Fuouk Zihdbd, lh.rlvisi lh.rlvisi,, (Mdodrtd= Piblod Niptd, 0::6), fdg.60  Kalgmdtba , Dsds-Dsds Fuouk

<

 

0) Mdri Mdrikd kdf fK Kds dsyd ydrd rdodt odt (‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫إو‬ ‫سء‬ ‫إأ‬ ‫)ا‬ Mdrikdf kdsydrdodt dhdgdf mdrikdf hikdbd fuoukdb tlrfdhdp plgdoubyd himdtufodb ubtuo klgibhubei olplbtibedb kdsydrdodt. Hdri slei wdtdo dtdu td`idtbyd, hi`dei klbmdhi hud `deidb = 4) Mdri Mdrikd kdf f@ @id idsd sd (‫ٍة‬  ‫إأ‬ ‫)ا‬ Mdri Mdrikd kdf f `ids `idsdd ydit yditu u mdri mdrikd kdf f ydb ydbe e higd higdouo ouodb db aglf aglf sl slsl slar ardbe dbe td tdbpd bpd klbeditodbbyd hlbedb tumudb-tumudb pagitio. 0) Mdri Mdrikd kdf f Za Zagi giti tio o ( ‫ة‬ ‫إأ‬ ‫)ا‬ Klburut Kufdkkdh D`u ]dfrdf, Mdrikdf pagitio dhdgdf mdrikdf ydbe klrupdo klr updodb db plg plgdbee dbeedrd drdb b tlr tlrfdhd fdhdp p plr plrdtu dturdb rdb plk plklri lribtd btdf f dtdu dtdu plmd`d plmd`dtt plmd`dt plklribtdf p lklribtdf dtdu tlrfdhdp edris-edris pagitio ydbe tlgdf hitlbtuodb aglf plklribtdf.

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@D@ III ZLB\X\Z

D. Ol Olsi sikp kpug ugdb db Mdrikdf dhdgdf plr`udtdb-plr`udtdb ydbe higdrdbe aglf ^ydrd’ ydbe hidbndk

aglf Dggdf hlbedb fuoukdb fdhh dtdu td’zir. Hdgdk istigdf gdib mdrikdf hisl`ut mued hlbedb mibdydf. Klburut D`hug Tdhir Duhdf plbelrtidb Mibdydf dhdgdf sudtu istigdf ubtuo plr`udtdb ydbe higdrdbe aglf ^ydrd’, `dio plr`udtdb tlrsl`ut klbelbdi miwd, fdrtd, hdb gdibbyd. \bsur-ubsur ukuk ubtuo mdrikdf itu dhd tied kdndk = d. \bs \bsur ur carkdg, carkdg, ydi yditu tu dhdby dhdbydd bdsf (oltl (oltlbtu btudb) db) ydbe klg klgdrd drdbe be plr`u plr`udtd dtdb b hdb klbedbndkbyd hlbedb fuoukdb.  `. \bsur kdtlridg, yditu dhdbyd tibeodf gdou ydbe klk`lbtuo mdrikdf, `dio   `lrupd plr`udtdb bydtd (pasitic) kdupub siodp tihdo `lr`udt ` lr`udt (bledtic). n. \bs \bsur ur kardg, kardg, ydi yditu tu `dfw `dfwdd plgdo plgdou u dhdg dhdgdf df ardbe ku kuodg odggdc gdc ydo ydobi bi ardbe ardbe ydbe hdpdt hikibtdi plrtdbeeubemdwd`db dtds tibhdo pihdbd ydbe higdouodbbyd

@. ^drdb

Hlkioidbgdf kdodgdf ydbe hdpdt odki sdkpdiodb, odki sdhdr kdodgdf ibi kdsif ourdbe hdri olslkpurbddb, miod dhd olsdgdfdb dtdu olourdbedb itu odrlbd oltlr`dtdsdb plbeltdfudb odki, kdod hdri itu oritio hdb sdrdb sdbedt odki `utufodb hlki olslkpurbddb isi kdodgdf ibi, slkaed `lrkdbcddt `dei oitd slkud.

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HDCXDP Z\^XDOD

Dfkdh Dfk dh Udrhi Udrhi Kus Kusgin ginf, f,  Zlbedbtdr Hdb Dsds Fuouk Zihdbd Isgdk?Ciqf Mibdydf, nlt.II , (Mdodrtd =^ibdr Erdciod, 0::3) K. Burug Ircdb hdb Kdsyracdf, Ciqf Kdsyracdf, Ciqf Mibdydf, nlt.4, Mibdydf,  nlt.4, (Mdodrtd= Dkzdf, 0:4>) Kalgmdtba , Dsds-Dsds Fuouk Zihdbd, lh.rlvisi, lh.rlvisi , (Mdodrtd= Piblod Niptd, 0::6) Pdfkdt Fdoik, Fuouk Fdoik, Fuouk Zihdbd Isgdk?Ciqif Mibdydf Mibdydf,nlt.0, ,nlt.0, (@dbhube = Zustdod ^ltid, 0:::)

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