Magnitudes Taller 2 y Taller de Escala

 

¹Ouáfhi his eacfmtuhls sif hmrlotaelftl pripiromifadls9

_if aqulddas qul ad auelftar i hmsemfumr das itras tae`míf auelfta i hmsemfuylf lf da emsea pripiromÿf y ad rladmzar su eudtmpdmoaomÿf i oiomlftl sl i`tmlfl uf vadir oifstaftl. ¹Lf ¹L f quí quí sl hm hmjl jlrl rlfom fomaf af da dass eacf eacfmt mtuh uhls ls hm hmrlo rlota tael elft ftll oi oirrl rrlda daom omif ifaha ahass hl da dass eacfmtuhls hmrlotaelftl pripiromifadls9 PXA7 A fmvld

clflrad sl pulhl hlomr qul, das eacfmtuhls hmrlotaelftl oirrldaomifahas sif

aqulddas aquldd as qul ad auelft auelftar ar i hmsem hmsemfumr fumr ufa da itra auelfta auelftaff i vmolvl vmolvlrsa, rsa, plri fi tmlflf tmlflf ufa  pripiromifadmhah lftrl lddas. Emlftras qul das eacfmtuhls hmrlotaelftl pripiromifadls, sif aqulddas qul ad auelftar i hmsemfumr das itras tae`míf auelftaf i hmsemfuylf lf da emsea  pripiromÿf. ¹Ouád ls da louaomÿf qul rldaomifa his eacfmtuhls A y @ pripiromifadls9

\fa rldaomÿf pripiromifad hmrlota sl ha lftrl his eacfmtuhls i varma`dls, hifhl ufa ls hlplfhmlftl y da itra mfhlplfhmlftl, hl tad eaflra qul da hmvmsmÿf lftrl dis vadirls hl oaha ufa hl das varma`dls ls oifstaftl. Ls hlomr qul sl smcul da jirea7 ]/R 5 K

ß

y 5 kx

k rlom`l ld fie`rl hl oifstaftl hl pripiromifadmhah, hl eaflra qul sl ouepda qul ad auelftar i hmsemfumr ufa hl das itras varma`dls, da itra auelfta i hmsemfuyl lf ufa emsea eacfmtuh. Hltlremfa sm das smcumlftls ta`das eulstraf eacfmtuhls hmrlotaelftl oirrldaomifahas i hmrlotaelftl pripiromifadls.

 

PXA7 A fmvld

clflrad sl pulhl hlomr qul, das eacfmtuhls hmrlotaelftl oirrldaomifahas sif aqulddas aquldd as qul ad auelft auelftar ar i hmsem hmsemfumr fumr ufa da itra auelfta auelftaff i vmolvl vmolvlrsa, rsa, plri fi tmlflf tmlflf ufa  pripiromifadmhah lftrl lddas. Emlftras qul das eacfmtuhls hmrlotaelftl pripiromifadls, sif aqulddas qul ad auelftar i hmsemfumr das itras tae`míf auelftaf i hmsemfuylf lf da emsea  pripiromÿf. Xlfmlfhi lf oulfta ld oifolpti hl pripiromifadmhah hmrlotaelftl i oirrldaomifaha, sl pulhl ajmrear qul; 





Da ta`da ?. @ ls smleprl ld hi`dl hl A, y smleprl eaftmlflf eaftmlflf da ^ir di tafti ls ufa eacfmtuh hmrlotaelftl pripiromifad.

emsea pripiromÿf. pripiromÿf.

Da ta`da 8. Ad

auelftar dis vadirls hl O, dis vadirls hl H auelftaf smf fmfcufa  pripiromifadmhah. ^ir di tafti sif  eacfmtuhls hmrlotaelftl oirrldaomifahas. Da ta`da 0> ?> 8> R > 1 0 ? Pldaomÿf y/x > 0> 1< 1?,?? 1>/> ≮ 0>/1 ≮ ?>/0 ≮ 8>/?≮ /8 > ≮ 0> ≮ 1< ≮ 1?,?≮ 10,< 

Crajmoi 37 Ls hmrlotaelftl pripiromifad

^irqul ad rladmzar ld oiomlftl lftrl y/x sl i`tmlfl ufa razÿf oifstaftl. Pldaomÿf y/x7 ] < 1> 1< 0> 0< ?> R 1 0 ? 8 < : Pldaomÿf y/x < < < < < < Pldaomÿf y/x7 /0 5 1/1 ≮ ?>/0 > ≮ 1> ≮ 1<

1> 1 1>

?> 0 1<

8 10,<

 

Lsorm`l Lsorm `l his smtuaomifl smtuaomiflss qul mfviduorlf mfviduorlf eacfmtuhls eacfmtuhls hmrlotaelft hmrlotaelftll pripiromifad pripiromifadls. ls. Dulci, rladmza da crájmoa oirrlspifhmlftl a oaha smtuaomÿf.

PXA7 PX A7

Da hmstafoma rloirrmha pir uf autieÿvmd y ld tmlepi lepdlahi lf rloirrlr lsa

hmstafoma.

Ld f÷elri hl `idsas y ld plsi hld artåoudi

 

Das smcumlftls ta`das eulstraf eacfmtuhls hmrlotaelftl pripiromifadls. Oiepdítadas y lsorm`l da louaomÿf qul rldaomifa das eacfmtuhls.

PXA7 Das smcumlftls ta`das sif hmrlotaelftl pripiromifad; ya qul ad oieparar das elhmhas,

sl i`tmlfl ufa razÿf oifstaftl. Fuelri hl pasis (y)

8>

82

:8

Xmlepi (emfutis)(x) Pldaomÿf y/x

< 2

: 2

2 2



>

1>>

8> pasis ----------- < emfutis 82 pasis ------------ x R5 82 pasis pasi s x < emfuti emfutiss 5 : emfutis emfuti s  

8> pasis

82 pasis ----------- : emfutis  

R -------------------------- - 2 emfutis

R5 82 pasis x 2 emfutis 5 :8 pasis  

: emfutis

Easa (Kc) y

 

Ziduelf(Oe?) x Pldaomÿf y/x

8> 8>> 2> 1,0< 1,0< 1,0<

> kc ----------- 8>> oe?   x ---------------------- 8> oe? R5 > kc x 8> oe ? 5 kc 8>> oe?

 

1>> kc ----------- 2> oe ? > kc ------------ x R5 > < >> kkcc x 22>> oe ?  5 8>>oe?  1>> kc Fuelri hl vuldtas (y) Xmlepi (emfutis)(x) Pldaomÿf y/x

12> 1?< 8 ? 8< 8<

8< 1 8<

12> vuldtas ----------- 8 emfutis  

R

------------ ? emfutis

R5 12> vuldtas x ? emfutis 5 1?< vuldtas  

8 emfutis

1?< vuldtas ----------- ? emfutis  

R

------------ 1 emfutis

R5 1?< vuldtas x 1 emfutis 5 8< vuldta vuldtass  

? emfutis

Lf da fivlda Dis vmagls hl Cuddmvlr, hld lsormtir mfcdís Gifatbaf _wmjt, ld pritacifmsta vmsmta  paåsls hifhl sus ba`mtaftls sif s if lfafis i cmcaftls. Ouafhi Cu Cuddmvlr ddmvlr vmsmtÿ @ri`hmfcfac, dis ba`mtaftls tlfåaf ufa adtura 10 vlols eayir qul da fulstra.

 

Oiepdlta Oiepdl ta da ta`da ta`da qul rldaom rldaomifa ifa hmjlrl hmjlrlftl ftlss lstatu lstaturas ras hl slrls slrls bueafi bueafiss oif das lstaturas hl dis ba`mtaftls hl @ri`hmfcfac

Oifstruyl Oifstr uyl da crájmoa crájmoa qul rldaomifa rldaomifa da ls lstat tatura ura hl adcufis adcufis slrls bueafis bueafis oif da lstatura hl dis ba`mtaftls hl @ri`hmfcfac. Lstatura ba`mtaftls hl @ri`hmfcfac (10x) Lstatura hl bueafis (oe) Pldaomÿf y/x

10> oe ----------- 10 x R5 10 (10>oe) 5 188> oe 10> oe ----------- 188>   1?< oe ------------ x R5 1?< oe x 188> oe 5 1:0>oe  

10> oe

1?< oe ----------- 1:0>   1:< oe ------------ x R5 1:< oe x 1:0> oe 5 1=2>oe  

1?< oe

1:< oe ----------- 1=2>   12> oe ------------ x R5 12> oe x 1=2> oe 5 01:>oe  

1:< oe

Crajmoi

188> 1:0> 1=2> 01:> 10> 1?< 1:< 12> 10 10 10 10

 

Lstatura ba`mtaftls hl @ri`hmfcfac auelftaha(10x) vs lstatura hl bueafis 08>>

  c   a   f   c   f    m    h    `   i   r    @   l    h   s   l    t   f   a    t    m    `   a    B   a   r   u    t   a    t   s    L

01:>

00>>

1=2>

0>>>

12>> 1:0> 1:>> 188> 18>>

10>>

1>>>

1>>

11>

10>

1?>

18>

1

1:>

13>

12>

Lstatura Lst atura hl bueafi bueafis s

Lstatura ba`mtaftls hl @ri`hmfcfac (10x) Lstatura hl bueafis (oe)

AOXMZMHAH 0

188> 1:0> 1=2> 01:> 10> 1?< 1:< 12>

1=>

 

XADDLP L_OADA Oiepdlta das smcumlftls pripismomifls. 1. _m da oipma hl uf hm`ugi lstá lf lsoada 17?, lftifols, da oipma ls ufa hld hm`ugi irmcmfad.

Lsoada 17? _mcfmjmoa qul 1 oe hl da oipma irmcmfad oirrlspifhl a ?oe hl da irmcmfad, i lstá lf razÿf ?71, pir oaha 1 oe hl da oipma bay ? oe hl da irmcmfad. Lf itras pada`ras _m da oipma hl uf hm`ugi lstá lf da lsoada 17?, lftifols da oipma ls ufa rlhuoomÿf hld hm`ugi irmcmfad. 0. _m da oipma hl uf hm`ugi lstá lf lsoada 871, lftifols, da oipma ls ufa hld hm`ugi irmcmfad.

Lsoada 871 _mcfmjmoa qul ls hlomr oaha olftåeltri rlad hld i`glti tmlfl 8 oe lf ld hm`ugi, pir  lfhl vlrleis qul lstl slrá eás crafhl. Lf itras pada`ras _m da oipma hl uf hm`ugi lstá lf da lsoada 871, lftifols da oipma ls ufa Aepdmaomÿf hld hm`ugi irmcmfad. P 5 8/1 P58 Da rldaomÿf ls eayir qul 1 pir lfhl ls ufa lsoada hl aepdmaomÿf. Oiepdlta da smcumlftl ta`da.

Lsoada 5 darci rlad/ darci lf ld eihldi Lsoada5 8,= e x 1ex 1>> oe5 8=>oe Lsoada5 8=>oe/1> oe 5 8= Lsoada 1/1> Lsoada 5 darci rlad/ darci lf ld eihldi Lsoada5 82>>oe/10 oe 5 8>> Lsoada 1/10

 

Lsoada 5 darci rlad/ darci lf ld eihldi Lsoada5 2ee/?: ee 5 >,00 Lsoada 10/1

\tmdmza ufa rlcda para elhmr das difcmtuhls lf ld pdafi. Dulci, tlf lf oulfta qul da lsoada ls 170>> y oadouda das hmelfsmifls rladls hl7

Da oiomfa ‟ da sada - da ba`mtaomÿf ‟ oielhir 

Elhmha hl da ba`mtaomÿf oif da rlcda 5 0,2oe Elhmha hl da _ada oif da rlcda 5 ?,< oe Elhmha hl da Oiomfa oif da rlcda 5 0,< oe Elhmha hld oielhir oif da rlcda 5 0,< oe

Hmelfsmifls rladls Lsoada7 170>> Elhmha hl da Oiomfa oif da rlcda 5 0,< oe 1 oe ------------ 0>>oe 0,< oe ---------- x R 5 0,< oe x 0>> oe 5 > oe x 1e 5 > oe

Elhmha hl da _ada _ada oif da rlcda 5 ?,< oe 1 oe ------------ 0>>oe ?,< oe ---------- x R 5 ?,< oe x 0>> oe 5 3>> oe x 1e 5 3e   1 oe 1>> oe

 

Elhmha hl da ba`mtaomÿf oif da rlcda 5 0,2oe 1 oe ------------ 0>>oe 0,2 oe ---------- x R 5 0,2 oe x 0>> oe 5 oe x 1e 5 > oe Elhmha hld oielhir oif da rlcda 5 0,< oe 1 oe ------------ 0>>oe 0,< oe ---------- x R 5 0,< oe x 0>> oe 5 > oe x 1e 5 > oe

Oiepdlta da ta`da tlfmlfhi lf oulfta qul ld hm`ugi hl da biremca lstá lf lsoada =71. Dulci, rlspifhl.

Difcmtuh hld hm`ugi Difcmtuh rlad

Difcmtuh rlad Lsoada =71 Difcmtuh hl da biremca 0,3 oe = oe ------------ 1oe 0,3 -- ---------- x R 5 0,3 oe x 1 oe 5 >,?oe x 1e 5 >,>>?e  

= oe

1>> oe

1 >,?

= 0,3

 

_m da lsoada hld hm`ugi julra :71, ¹ouád slråa da difcmtuh rlad h hll da biremca9

Difcmtuh rlad Lsoada :71 Difcmtuh hl da biremca 0,3 oe : oe ------------ 1oe 0,3 -- ---------- x R 5 0,3 oe x 1oe 5 >,8< oe x 1e 5 >,>>8> oe

Hltlremfa ouádls hl das smcumlftls pripismomifls sif vlrhahlras y ouádls sif jadsas. Gustmjmoa tu rlspulsta _m uf hm`ugi lstá lf lsoada 172>, lftifols ?,< oe lf ld hm`ugi rlprlslftaf :2> oe lf da rladmhah. 

PXA7 Jadsi Lsoada 172 Difcmtuh hld hm`ugi ?,< oe 1 oe ------------ 2> oe ?,< -- ---------- x R 5 ?,< oe x 2> oe 5 02> oe x 1e 5 0,2 e  

1 oe

1>> oe

_m da lsoada 172>; 172>; 1 eltri sl rlprlslft rlprlslftaa oif 2> olftåelt olftåeltris ris lf da rladmhah, pir di qul ad eudtmpdmoar da difcmtuh hld hm`ugi pir 2> oe fis ha uf vadir hmjlrlftl, mfhmoafhi qul da  pripismomÿf ls jadsa.

_m uf eapa lstá blobi lf lsoada 17> ke y da hmstafoma rlad lftrl his pul`dis rlprlslftahis lf ld eapa ls hl 10> ke, lftifols da hmstafoma lftrl dis pul`dis lf ld eapa ls hl >,8 oe.

Da pripismomÿf ls jadsa pirqul ad rladmzar da eudtmpdmoaomÿf lftrl dis his pul`dis y eudtmpdmoarda pir da hmstafoma hl > ke, ld rlsudtahi ha uf vadir hmjlrlftl,. >.8 x >ke 5 0>>

 

_m lf ufa eaqulta da lsoada ls 178 da adtura hl uf lhmjmomi ls hl 00 oe, lftifols da adtura rlad hld lhmjmomi ls hl == e.

Lsoada17 8 Adtura hld lhmjmomi7 00 oe Adtura rlad7 == oe 1 oe ------ 8 oe 00 oe ------ x R5 00 oe x 8< 8> oe 5 == ==>> >> oe x 1e 5 == ==e e   1oe 1 1>>oe Zlrhahlri pirqul =,=>> oe ls mcuad a == e Pladmza ufa aepdmaomÿf hl da smcumlftl jmcura pripifmlfhi ufa lsoada qul oifsmhlrls ahlouaha.

Jmcura irmcmfad lsoada 171

Jmcura aepdmaha Lsoada ?71