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Cphrntcrs Infun` 78, 181;; Cfwnrms)

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Lrnfh Icmh Inbf \lrhhf

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Mntn @ceehr

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Mbnefcstbl Nllhss

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IM\ vnrbna`hs

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IM\ auddhr

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IM\ pnrnihthrs

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Ln`barntbcf Icmh

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Acci @hfetg Ln`barntbcf

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Acci Nfe`h Ln`barntbcf

; drci tgbs ]rnvh` Icmh Inbf \lrhhf tc swbtlg tc tgh Mbnefcstbl  Nllhss \lrhhf (shh pneh >1).

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Mbsp`nybfe ‐]cffhs’, ‐]cffhs’, wbtg n mhlbin` pcbft.

auttcf.

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Lcrrhspcfms tc tgh Muty cd tgh `cnm lgnrts tna`h.

>>) QHNQ NW@H @CNM

Uhbegt cf tgh rhnr nx`h (Qhdhr Unrfbfes)

>1) DQCF] NW@H @CNM

Uhbegt cf tgh drcft nx`h (Qhdhr Unrfbfes)

>=) \[QBFE @CLJCX]\

Erhhf wghf nrtblu`ntbcf nfe`h bs `hss tgnf >; mhe Bfmblntbfe `cljcuts hfenehm wghf blcf bs rhm

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[HQLHF]NEH ANQ EQN[G

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[nrts cd @bfh (Bflrhnsh)

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Cphrntbfe icmh

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Fc Dufltbcf

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Fc Dufltbcf

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]urac ]bihr

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Tbhw tgh `cnm lgnrt

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Mntn @ceehr nllhss

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Auzzhr mbsna`h / n`nri rhsht

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Mbnefcstbl Nllhss

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HF]HQ / LCFDBQI

 Nfy tbih tgnt tgh cphrntcr lgnfehs tgh lcfdbeurntbcf lcfdbeurntbcf cd tgh inlgbfh, inlgbfh, pnrts pnrts cd `bfh `bfh cr cphrntbvh icmh, gh iust n`wnys lcfdbri tgh cphrntbvh icmh ay prhssbfe D>;.

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Bt‒s fhlhssnry tc sht tgh lcrrhlt pnrts cd `bfh hvhry tbih tgh dn`` a`clj bs rh-rhhvhm, nfm/cr n fhw cphrntbfe icmh bs sh`hlthm.

]c lgnfeh tgh fuiahr cd pnrts cd `bfh prclhhm ns dc``cws? • [rhss auttcfs D> (bflrhnsh) (bflrhnsh) bfthribtthft`y uftb` uftb` tgh lcrrhlt fuiahr cd `bfhs bs mbsp`nyhm. • (D>;) tc lcfdbri tgh sh`hltbcf, nfm rh-nltbvnth tgh dufltbcfs. FC]H ? Bd tgh rcph lnpnlbty bs hxlhhmhm, tgh systhi‒s n`nri bs nltbvnthm nfm n wnrfbfe ihssneh wb`` npphnr cf tgh slrhhf.

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]gh @IB lcftrc`s tgh hfebfh sgut mcwf wghf turfbfe cdd tgh befbtbcf jhy. ]gh mhdnu`t turac tbihr sgutmcwf sgutmcwf tbih lnf ah lgnfehm drci ;, > cr 1 ibfuths tc n``cw dcr vnrybfe hfebfh `cnm muty usneh. [rhss tgh D< auttcf tc tcee`h tgh mbsp`ny tgrcueg tghsh tbih shttbfes. Xpcf turfbfe tgh befbtbcf jhy tc tgh cdd pcsbtbcf, tgh @IB wb`` ahebf tc lcuftmcwf dcr tgh sh`hlthm fuiahr cd ibfuths uftb` hfebfh nfm lrnfh h`hltrbls nrh swbtlghm cdd. Murbfe tgbs phrbcm cd tbih tgh hfebfh nfm lrnfh h`hltrbls iny ah stcpphm biihmbnth`y ay prhssbfe tgh D< auttcf cr mhprhssbfe tgh hihrehfly stcp auttcf. ]gh hihrehfly stcp auttcf iny n`sc ah prhsshm nt nfy tbih (hvhf wbtg tgh befbtbcf jhy cf) tc swbtlg cdd tgh hfebfh cf`y. Bd tgh befbtbcf jhy bs tghf swbtlghm cdd tgh lrnfh h`hltrbls wb`` n`sc ah swbtlghm cdd.

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]c nllhss tgh Mntn @ceehr dufltbcf prhss D= auttcf drci tgh Lrnfh Icmh Inbf \lrhhf nfm hfthr tgh pnsswcrm.

\hvhrn` pnehs cd tgh `nthst hvhfts lnf ah slrc``hm up nfm mcwf wbtg? D4 Xp D5 Mcwf D>; Hxbt MB\[@NR MH\LQB[]BCF >) N`nri typh 1) Mnth Mnth nfm tbih tbih cd cd tgh tgh stnrt stnrt cd cd `bdt `bdt lyl`h lyl`h rhlcrm rhlcrmbfe bfe.. >  

]gh @IB bs hqubpphm wbtg n sh`d-mbnefcstbl systhi wgblg bs na`h tc mhthlt dnu`ty prhssurh trnfs trnfsmul mulhr hrs, s, cr acci acci nfe`h/ nfe`h/`hf `hfetg etg shfsc shfscrs, rs, arcjh arcjhf f lna`hs lna`hs cr bfthrf bfthrfn` n` h`hltr h`hltrcfb cfbl l dnu`ts dnu`ts.. Ugh Ug hf nf n`nri cllurs, tgh @IB echs bftc n sndh icmh stcp tcppbfe n`` mnfehrcus ictbcfs, bd  hqubpphm wbtg cptbcfn` stcp vn`vhs, nfm nt tgh snih tbih tgh mbsp`ny sgcws nf n`nri ihss ih ssne neh h lc lcmh mh,, wgbl wgblg g wb`` b`` nssb nssbst st bf bmhf bmhftb tbdy dybf bfe e tgh tgh dnu` dnu`t. t. ]gh @IB ]gh @IB n`sc n`sc icfb icfbtc tcrs rs tgh tgh stnt stntus us cd hf hfeb ebfh fh,, trnf trnfsi sibs bssb sbcf cf nfm nfm ctgh ctghrr vhgb vhgbl` l`h h sh shfs fscr crs. s. ]c nllh nllhss ss tg tgh h mbne mbnefc fcst stbl bl slrh slrhhf hf drci drci tgh tgh Lrnf Lrnfh h Icmh Icmh Inbf Inbf \lrh \lrhhf hf prhs prhss s D8. D8.

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@IB Mbnefcstbl Mbnefcstbl Nllhss “ prhss D> tc vbhw tgh stntus cd tgh L[X‒s wbtg tgh IM\.

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\lghmu`hm Inbfthfnflh Ihfu “ prhss D4 tc mbsp`ny tgh ihfu

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Ln`barntbcf Icmh Nllhss “ prhss D1 nfm Ln`barntbcf hfthr tgh npp`blna`h [nsswcrm tc ln`barnth tgh Acci Nfe`h nfm @hfetg.

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Fct Xshm.

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Fct Xshm

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Fct Xshm

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Hxbt Auttcf Auttcf - prhss D>; D>; tc hxbt. hxbt.

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Hfebfh Mbnefcstbl Mbnefcstbl “ prhss D< tc vbhw tgh Hfebfh dnu`t lcmhs.

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\U Inbfthfnflh nllhss Auttcf “ [nsswcrm dcr IM\

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@cw wnthr `hvh`

>>)) \lghmu >> \lghmu`h `h inbfth inbfthfn fnfl flh hm muh uh

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Nbr Db`t `thr hr Qhstr hstrbl bltb tbcf cf

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N`t `thr hrfn fntc tcr/ r/An Antt tth hry

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15)) \gbd >5 \gbdtt BBfg fgba babt btcr  cr 

1=)) \phh 1= \phhmc mcih ihth thrr JI/G JI/G

>7) Bfmblntcr 

18)) ]nlgc 18 nlgcih ihth thrr Q[I Q[I

>2) Lghlj hlj Hf Hfebfh

14) ]rnfsi ]rnfsibssb bssbcf cf Cb` ]hiphrntur hiphrnturh h

1;) \tc tcp p Hfe Hfebfh

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Ughf prhssbfe tgbs auttcf, n insj pnsswcrm npphnrs cf tgh slrhhf. Ay bfshrtbfe tgh npp`blna`h pnsswcrm bt wb`` n``cw nllhss tc tgh Imhslcph, nfm hfna`h tgh thlgfblbnf tc icmbdy tgh vn`uhs cd tgh systhi pnrnihthrs.

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Fct ushm

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Fct ushm

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Fct ushm

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Cphf IMH\LC[H

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\ht ]bih nfm Mnth

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Fct ushm

D5

Fct ushm

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Tbhw tgh \cdtwnrh Thrsbcf

D2

Fct ushm

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Qhturf tc tgh mbnefcstbl nllhss slrhhf

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Bfshrt ]bih nfm Mnth

D1

Fct ushm

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Fct ushm

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Fct ushm

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Fct Xshm

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Fct ushm

D5

Fct ushm

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Fct ushm

D2

Qhturf tc prhvbcus pneh

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Fct ushm

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Ugb`st shttbfe tgh Mnth nfm ]bih, tgh auttcfs gnvh ctghr dufltbcfs. D>

Fct Xshm

D1

Fct Xshm

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Fct ushm

D=

Fcu ushm

D8

Hslnph wbtgcut lcidbrintbcf

D4

Bflrhnsh vn`uh

D5

Mhlrhnsh vn`uh

D7

Icvh tc rbegt

D2

Icvh tc @hdt

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Hfthr nfm lcfdbrintbcf

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Cf sh`hltbfe tgh Imhslcph, tgh nacvh ihfu wb`` cphf. \h`hlt tgh npprcprbnth dbh`m tc ah vbhwhm D>

Bfputs? n`` tgh bfputs tc tgh GHNM ufbt lnf ah vbhwhm.

D1

Cutputs? n`` tgh cutputs drci tgh GHNM ufbt lnf ah vbhwhm.

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D`nes? d`nes ushm bf tgh scdtwnrh.

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\ysthi? systhi vnrbna`hs ushm bf tgh scdtwnrh nfm NML vn`uhs

D8

Tnrbna`hs? vnrbna`hs ushm bf tgh scdtwnrh

D4

Auddhr? ctghr vnrbna`hs ushm bf tgh scdtwnrh

D5

[nrnihthrs? n`` pnrnihthrs ushm bf tgh scdtwnrh nfm systhi ln`barntbcf.

D7

Fct Xshm

D2

Qhturf tc tgh prhvbcus pneh

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Fct Xshm

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[rhss D> tc cphf tgh fhxt Bfputs pneh

D1

[rhss D1 tc rhturf tc prhvbcus Bfputs pneh

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Fct ushm

D=

Fcu ushm

D8

Fct ushm

D4

\lrc`` up

D5

\lrc`` mcwf

D7

Fct ushm

D2

Qhturf tc tgh prhvbcus ihfu pneh

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Hfthr / Lgnfeh vn`uh

1;  

D>

[rhss D> tc cphf tgh fhxt Cutputs pneh

D1

[rhss D1 tc rhturf tc prhvbcus Cutputs pneh

D<

Fct ushm

D=

Fcu ushm

D8

Fct ushm

D4

\lrc`` up

D5

\lrc`` mcwf

D7

Fct ushm

D2

Qhturf tc tgh prhvbcus ihfu pneh

D>;

Hfthr / Lgnfeh vn`uh

1>  

D>

[rhss D> tc cphf tgh fhxt D`nes pneh

D1

[rhss D1 tc rhtuf tc prhvbcus D`nes pneh

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Fct ushm

D=

Fcu ushm

D8

Fct ushm

D4

\lrc`` up

D5

\lrc`` mcwf

D7

Fct ushm

D2

Qhturf tc tgh prhvbcus ihfu pneh

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Hfthr / Lgnfeh vn`uh

11  

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[rhss D> tc cphf tgh fhxt \ysthi pneh

D1

[rhss D1 tc rhturf tc prhvbcus \ysthi pneh

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Fct ushm

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Fcu ushm

D8

Fct ushm

D4

\lrc`` up

D5

\lrc`` mcwf

D7

Fct ushm

D2

Qhturf tc tgh prhvbcus ihfu pneh

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Hfthr / Lgnfeh vn`uh

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D>

[rhss D> tc cphf tgh fhxt Tnrbna`hs pneh

D1

[rhss D1 tc rhturf tc prhvbcus Tnrbna`hs pneh

D<

Fct ushm

D=

Fcu ushm

D8

Fct ushm

D4

\lrc`` up

D5

\lrc`` mcwf

D7

Fct ushm

D2

Qhturf tc tgh prhvbcus ihfu pneh

D>;

Hfthr / Lgnfeh vn`uh

1=  

D>

[rhss D> tc cphf tgh fhxt Auddhr pneh

D1

[rhss D1 tc rhturf tc prhvbcus Auddhr pneh

D<

Fct ushm

D=

Fcu ushm

D8

Fct ushm

D4

\lrc`` up

D5

\lrc`` mcwf

D7

Fct ushm

D2

Qhturf tc tgh prhvbcus ihfu pneh

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Hfthr / Lgnfeh vn`uh

18  

D>

[rhss D> tc cphf tgh fhxt [nrnihthrs pneh

D1

[rhss D1 tc rhturf tc tgh prhvbcus [nrnihthrs pneh

D<

Fct ushm

D=

Fcu ushm

D8

Fct ushm

D4

\lrc`` up

D5

\lrc`` mcwf

D7

Fct ushm

D2

Qhturf tc tgh prhvbcus ihfu pneh

D>;

Hfthr / Lgnfeh vn`uh

14  

]c icmbdy tgh [nrnihthrs‒ vn`uhs bt bs fhlhssnry tc bfshrt tgh prcphr pnsswcrm bf tgh npp`blna`h mbn`ceuh acx. [rhss D4 cr D5 tc sh`hlt tgh pnrnihthr tc ah icmbdbhm, wghf prhssbfe D>; n wbfmcw wb`` cphf ns nacvh wbtg tgh fnih cd tgh pnrnihthr sh`hlthm: icmbdy tgh pnrnihthr ay bflrhnsbfe cr mhlrhnsbfe bts vn`uh wbtg D4 cr D5 auttcfs. Ugb`st bf tgbs icmh, tgh auttcfs gnvh mbddhrhft dufltbcfs. Auttcfs Auttc fs D> tc D= gnvh gnvh fc dufltbc dufltbcf. f.

D8

Hxbt wbtgcut lcidbrintbcf

D4

Bflrhnsh vn`uh

D5

Mhlrhnsh vn`uh

D7

Icvh tc rbegt

D2

Icvh tc @hdt

D>;

Hfthr nfm Lcfdbri

15  

D<

[rhss D< tc ln`barnth tgh acci `hfetg

D=

[rhss D= tc ln`barnth tgh acci nfe`h

D8

[rhss D8 tc snvh tgh mntn ndthr ln`barntbcf

D5

[rhss D5 tc syflgrcfbzh syflgrcfbzh Gcurihthr wbtg tgh Hfebfh Gcurs Gcurs “ Hfebfh iust ah ruffbfe dcr nt `hnst >; shlcfms ndthr syflgrcfbzbfe dcr gcurs tc ah snvhm.

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[rhss D>; tc hxbt nfm rhturf tc tgh prhvbcus slrhhf

Qhlciihfmntbcf? Bf crmhr tc catnbf tgh ahst pcssba`h nllurnly drci dr ci tgh systhi, wh rh rhlciihfm lciihfm tc ln`barnth inlgbfh bf tgh hfvbrcfihft tgnt bt wb`` ah ushm

17  

D>

]c ln`barnth tgh ibfbiui acci `hfetg prhss D>, rhtrnlt tgh acci du``y tghf prhss D>;, tgh systhi wb`` nlqubrh nutcintbln``y tgh ibfbiui `hfetg.

D1

]c ln`barnth tgh inxbiui acci `hfetg prhss D1, hxthfm tgh acci du``y tghf prhss D>;, tgh systhi wb`` nlqubrh nutcintbln``y tgh inxbiui `hfetg.

D8

[rhss D8 tc rhturf tc tgh prhvbcus pneh, tghf prhss D8 nenbf tc snvh tgh ln`barntbcf mntn.

12  

D>

]c ln`barnth tgh ibfbiui acci nfe`h prhss D>, `cwhr tgh acci tc tgh gcrbzcftn` pcsbtbcf nfm vhrbdy ; mherhhs wbtg bfl`bfcihthr tghf prhss D>;, tgh systhi wb`` nlqubrh nutcintbln``y tgh zhrc nfe`h.

D1

]c ln`barnth tgh inxbiui acci nfe`h prhss D1, rnbsh tgh acci tc tgh nfm lghlj tgh nltun` nfe`h wbtg bfl`bfcihthr nfminxbiui vhrbdy tgntpcsbtbcf tgh vn`uh mbsp`nyhm bf tgh erhy acx lcrrhspcfms tc nltun` nfe`h tghf prhss D>;, tgh systhi wb`` nlqubrh nutcintbln``y tgh inxbiui nfe`h.

D8

[rhss D8 tc rhturf tc tgh prhvbcus pneh, tghf prhss D8 nenbf tc snvh tgh ln`barntbcf mntn.



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DIB DIB Lcmh Lcmh - [rhs [rhss sD D8 8 tc vbh vbhw w tgh tgh hfe hfebf bfh h dnu` dnu`tt lcm lcmh h `bs `bstt

;) Hxbt Hxbt - [rhss [rhss D>; tc rhturf rhturf tc tgh tgh Inbf Inbf Mbnef Mbnefcstb cstbl l slrhh slrhhf f >>)) Hfeb >> Hfebfh fh Cb Cb`` [rhs [rhssu surh rh >1) Accs Accstt [rh [rhss ssur urh h >< Duh` ]hiph hiphrn rntu turh rh

 

\lrc`` tgrcueg tgh `bst dcr tgh npp`blna`h \[F fuiahr nfm tghf DIB fuiahr. [rhss D8 tc mbsp`ny tgh fhxt pneh. [rhss D>; tc rhturf tc tgh prhvbcus slrhhf.

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Hxbt Auttcf. [rhss D>; tc rhturf bf tgh prhvbcus slrhhf.

Ughf tgh lcrrhlt lcrrhlt pnsswcrm pnsswcrm bs bfshrthm, tgh mnrj erhy auttcf wb`` lgnfeh tc erhhf: tgbs ihnfs inbfthfnflh phrbcm lnf fcw ah rhsht.

autt auttcf cf.. • Thrbdy tgh lcrrhlt `cnm tna`h ay prhssbfe D7 auttcf, nfm lcipnrh bt tc tgh `cnm lgnrts tn tna` a`h h su supp pp`b `bhm hm ay tgh tgh infu infudn dnlt ltur urhr hr dcr dcr tgh tgh npp` npp`bl blna na`h `h Cphr Cphrnt ntbf bfe e Icmh Icmh.. •[ •[rh rhss ss autt auttcf cf D>; D>; tc lcfd lcfdbr bri i tgh tgh sh`h sh`hlt ltbc bcf f nfm nfm rhtu rhturf rf tc tgh tgh Lrnf Lrnfh h Icmh Icmh Inbf Inbf \lrh \lrhhf hf FC]H ?

;mhe, tgh rbegt lc`uif rhdhrs tc nrtblu`ntbcf up tc =;mhe. Ughf auttcf D>; bs mhprhsshm, tgh slrhhf wb`` rhturf tc tgh prhvbcus slrhhf.