Lumad Peoples

Lumad peoples From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see Lumad (disambiguation). (disambiguation).

Lumad

A woman in traditional Manobo dress

Total Total population

(Unknown)

Regions with significant populations

Philippines CARAGA Davao Region  Northern Mindanao Mindanao SCCS!SARG"N #amboanga Penins$la

Languages

Manobo lang$ages% lang$ages % Chaba&ano (in #amboanga Region)% Ceb$ano Ceb$ano%% 'iliganon 'iliganon%%ilipino ilipino%% "nglish

Religion

Christianit (Roman Catholi&% Protestant) andAnimist

Related ethnic groups

*a+a$ people% Moro% ,isaans% ilipinos% other A$stronesian peoples

Demographics of  the Philippines

Philippine Statistics Authority

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Census Religions

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Languages

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Ethnic groups

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Filipinos

-ndigeno$s

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estizos •

Chinese "$rasians

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Spanish

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*lasians

!mmigrants or E"patriates •

A.ri&ans Ameri&ans

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Ameri&an

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*ra/ilian

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Me0i&an

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Asians Chinese -ndian -ndonesian

1apanese

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!orean

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Mala

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 Nepalese

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"$ropeans German

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Greek 

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Polish

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R$ssian

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Spanish

Middle "asterners

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Arab

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-ranian

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1ewish •

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v t e

 A map shows the regions with significant populations of Lumads in the Philippines.

The Lumad is a term being used to denote a group of indigenous people in the southern Philippines. It is aebuano term meaning !nati"e! or !indigenous!. The term is short for Katawhang Lumad #Literally$ !indigenous people!%, the autonym officially adopted by the delegates of the Lumad &indanao Peoples Federation #L&PF% founding assembly on '( )une *+( at the -uadalupe Formation enter, alindog,/idapawan, otabato, Philippines. It is the self0ascription and collecti"e identity of the indigenous peoples of &indanao. Contents 1hide2 •

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5&usical heritage

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6.*Lumad killings

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78ee also

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(;eferences

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9ation. Lumad0&indanao?s main ob@ecti"e was to achie"e self0determination for the ir member0tribes or, put more concretely, self0go"ernance within their ancestral domain in accordance with their culture and customary laws. o other Lumad organi>ation had had the e=press goal in the past. ;epresentati"es from *7 tribes agreed in )une *+( to adopt the nameB there were no delegates from the three ma@or groups of the T4boli, the Teduray. The choice of a ebuano word was a bit ironic but they deemed it appropriate as the Lumad tribes do not ha"e any other common language e=cept ebuano. This marked the first time that these tribes had agreed to a common name for themsel"es, distinct from that of the &oros and different from the migrant ma@ority and their descendants.

People1edit2 There are * Lumad ethnolinguistic groups$ Atta, agobo, anwaon, ?laan, ukidnon, Cibabawon, 3igaonon, &amanwa, &andaya, &anguwangan, &anobo, &ansaka, 8ubanen, Tagakaolo, Tasaday,Tboli, Teduray, and Dbo.  According to the Lumad Ce"elopment enter Inc., there are about * Lumad groups in *+ pro"inces across the country. onsidered as !"ulnerable groups!, they li"e in hinterlands, forests, lowlands and coastal areas.1*2 Katawhang Lumad  are the un0Islami>ed and un0hristiani>ed Austronesian peoples of &indanao, namely ed spelling of !anu"u #is a ethnic group in &indanao and Lu>on and isayas &anobo childrenThe &anobo are an Austronesian, indigenous agriculturalist population who neighbor the &amanwa group in 8urigao del orte and 8urigao del 8ur #-ar"an, *+5*%. They li"e in barangays like the &amanwaB howe"er, population si>e is dramatically larger in the &anobo settlements in comparison to those of the &amanwa.1#itation needed 2 The two groups interact freHuently although the amount of interaction "aries between settlements and intermarriage is common between them #;eid, '::+%. The &anobo are probably the most numerous of the ethnic groups of the Philippines in the relationships and names of the groups that belong to this family of languages. &ention has been made of the numerous subgroups that comprise the &anobo group.1by whom$2 The total &anobo population is not known, although they occupy core areas from 8arangani island into the &indanao mainland in the pro"inces of Agusan del 8ur, Ca"ao pro"inces, ukidnon, and orth and 8outh otabato. The groups occupy such a wide area of distribution that locali>ed groups ha"e assumed the character of distincti"eness as a separate ethnic grouping such as the agobo or the 3igaonon, and the Atta. Cepending on specific linguistic points of "iew, the membership of a dialect with a supergroup shifts.192

The &anobo are genetically related to the Ceniso"ans, much like the &amanwa. 12

Subanen1edit2 !ain arti#le: Subanon people The 8ubanons are the first settlers of the amboanga peninsula. The family is patriarchal while the "illage is led by a chief called Timuay. 3e acts as the "illage @udge an d is concerned with all communal matters. 3istory has better words to speak for &isamis Gccidental. Its principal city was originally populated by the 8ubanon, a cultural group that once roamed the seas in great numberB the pro"ince was an easy prey to the marauding sea pirates of Lanao whose habit was to stage lightning forays along the coastal areas in search of sla"es. As the 8ubanon retreated deeper and deeper into the interior, the coastal areas became home to inhabitants from ukidnon who were steadily followed by settlers from nearby ebu and ohol.

Higaonon1edit2 The 3igaonon is located on the pro"inces of ukidnon, Agusan del 8ur , &isamis Griental,;ogongon, Iligan ity, and Lanao del orte. Their name means !people of the wilderness!. &ost 3igaonons ha"e a rather traditional way of li"ing. Farming is the most important economic acti"ity.

Mamanwa1edit2

 A *+'( photograph of agobo #&anobo% warriors in full war regalia

The &amanwa is a egrito tribe often grouped together with the Lumad. They come from Leyte, Agusan del orte, and8urigao pro"inces in &indanaoB primarily in /itcharao and8antiago, Agusan del orte,1+2 though they are lesser in number and more scattered and nomadic than the &anobos and &andaya tribes who also inhabit the region. Like all egritos, the &amanwas are genetically distinct from th e lowlanders and the upland li"ing &anobos, e=hibiting curly hair and much d arker skin tones. These peoples are traditionally hunter0gatherers1*:2 and consume a wide "ariety of wild plants, herbs, insects, and animals from tropical rainforest. The &amanwa are categori>ed as ha"ing the !negrito! phenotype with by dark skin, kinky hair, and short stature.1*:21**2 The origins of this phenotype #found in the Agta, Ati, and Aeta tribes in the Philippines% are a continued topic of

debate, with recent e"idence suggesting that the phenotype con"ergently e"ol"ed in se"eral areas of southeast Asia.1*'2 3owe"er, recent genomic e"idence suggests that the &amanwa were one of the first populations to lea"e Africa along with peoples in ew -uinea and Australia, and that they di"erged from a common origin about 5(,::: years ago.1*52 urrently, &amanwa populations li"e in sedentary settlements #!barangays!% that are close to agricultural peoples and market centers. As a result, a substantial proportion of their diet includes starch0dense domesticated foods.1*62 The e=tent to which agricultural products are bought or e=changed "aries in each &amanwa settlement with some indi"iduals continuing to farm and produce their own domesticated foods while others rely on purchasing food from market centers. The &amanwa ha"e been e=posed to many of the modernities mainstream agricultural populations possess and use such as cell phones, tele"isions, radio, processed foods, etc.1*62 The political system of the &amanwa is informally democratic and age0structured. ation. Acti"ities held to support the Lumad mo"ements ha"e included concerts, cultural festi"als #focusing on ethnic culture%, and commemoration of Lumad leaders killed in the conflict. Acti"ity leaders ha"e included Fr. Fausto Tentorio, Fr. Tullio Fa"ali, and Fr. 8al"atore ar>edda.15'2 -roups like the &anilakbayan ':*7 supported the mo"ements through recruitment and the handing out of national situationers to students to spread awareness about the Lumads4 dilemma.1552 The Philippines4 ommission on 3uman ;ights #3;% has been in"estigating the incidents in regard to the ':*7 murder of Lumad leaders and a school official by aparamilitary group called &agahatJagani1562 #in line with the idea of AF-D% created by the AFP to hunt for PA members. The AFP denies the allegation and attributes the killings to tribal conflict.15723owe"er, the AFP has admitted that AF-D has Lumad recruits within its ranks while asserting that the PA has also recruited Lumads for the group.15(21592 There is also delay of a decision on the 3; in"estigation due to the noncooperation of the Lumad group after the interruption of the in"estigation by the spokesman of /alumaran &indanao, /erlan Fanagel. Fanagel insists that the group need not ha"e another 4false4 dialogue with the 3; since 3; has yet to present the resultsJfindings of the in"estigations from the past months when Lumad leaders were killed. ecause of the lack of data, 3; decided to postpone the presentation of their initial report to the second week of Cecember ':*7.152