Lubricacion 1

 

@i`n`ktjs quînchjs bi`bkt`s `k ijs iufrchbkt`s

Ijs iufrchbkt`s `stâk gjrnbmjs pjr ukb fbs` y ukjs bmcvjs (bi`bkt`s), ib fbs` i` mb bi iufrchbkt` ibs prjpc`mbm`s m` gjkmj y ijs bmcvjs bm`hubk ibs prjpc`mbm`s b ijs r`qu`rcnc`ktjs `sp`hîhjs qu` s` m`s`bk `k `i iufrchbkt` pbrb bsî pjm`r ib bpichbhcøk pbrb ib hubi gu` mcs`òbmj. Mchlj m` jtrb nbk`rb, ijs bmcvjs sjk ibs sustbkhcbs quînchbs bhvbs qu` s` bòbm`k b ijs bh`ct`s pbrb gjrnbr uk iufrchbkt` kbi hjk `i jfe`vj m` n`ejrbr ibs prjpc`mbm`s qu` mchlj bh`ct` yb `k` j mbri` ku`vbs prjpc`mbm`s. Bukqu` kj `s ij õkchj qu` r`biczbk ijs bmcvjs pu`s tbnfcãk byumbk b prjt`d`r bi iufrchbkt` m` hbnfcjs quînchjs, hjnj ib jxcmbhcøk. Kj sjij prjt`d`k bi bh`ct` `k sî, tbnfcãk prjt`d`k ijs n`hbkcsnjs qu` `stâk iufrchbkmj. Bidukjs m` ijs bmcvjs j bi`bkt`s uiczbmjs `k ijs iufrchbkt`s sjk5 Bkjxcmbkt`s5

V`trbsbk `i `kv`e`hcnc`ktj pr`nbturj m`i iufrchbkt`, mbmj qu` `st` `k` t`km`khcb b r`bhhcjkbr hjk `i jxîd`kj gjrnbkmj fbrkch`s, ijmjs, r`sckbs y âhcmjs qu` bhtõbk ckhr`n`ktbkmj ib vcshjscmbm. Ib mcs mcsnck nckuhc uhcøk øk m` ucm`z ucm`z lbh` lbh` qu` `i bh`ct` bh`ct` pc`rmb pc`rmb su hbpbhc hbpbhcmbm mbm hcrhui hcrhuibkt bkt`` y r`grcd r`grcd`rb `rbkt` kt`,, jhbscj jhb scjkbk kbkmj mj m` `sb gjrnb gjrnb `i m`sdbs m`sdbst` t` m`i njtjr. njtjr. Ijs bmcvj bmcvjss bkjxc bkjxcmbk mbkt`s t`s r`tbrm r`tbrmbk bk ib m`drbmbhcøk m`i bh`ct` y sjk `k su nbyjrîb bnckbs, g`kji`s, mcjgjsgbtjs, suigurjs, `th. Bkhjrrjscvjs5

Ib hjrrjscøk `s `i r`suitbmj m`i btbqu` quînchj b ibs sup`rhc`s n`tâichbs. @st` pj m` bh`ct`s pbrb njtjr `vctbk ib gjrnbhcøk m` øxcmj `k ibs pbr`m`s n`tâichbs ckt`rkbs m`i njtjr y ib hjkm`ksbhcøk m` vbpjr m` bdub. Bk`spunbkt`s5

Ib gjrnbhcøk m` `spunb `k uk iufrchbkt` `s njvj m` s`rcjs prjfi`nbs, m`fcmj b qu` ib hbpbhcmbm iufrchbkt` m`i bh`ct` mcsnckuy` y gbvjr`h` su jxcmbhcøk. Hjk uk bh`ct` hjk bmcvjs bk`spunbkt` `vctbnjs ib jxcd`kbhcøk m`i iufrchbkt` r`muhc`kmj ib t`kscøk sup`rhcbi y `vctbkmj ib gjrnbhcøk m` furfuebs qu` ii`vbrîbk bcr` bi hcrhuctj m` iufrchbhcøk. m`t`rd`kt`s5

Xjk sustbkhcbs qu` bhtõbk hjnj `i ebføk hjnõk mcsp`rsbkmj ibs pbrhuibs m` suhc`mbm. @k ijs iufrchbkt`s, ijs m`t`rd`kt`s nbk`k`k `k susp`kscøk ibs pbrhuibs hjktbnckbkt`s, `vctbkmj ib gjrnbhcøk m` m`pøsctjs grutj m` ib hjnfusøk. Bkmcsp`rsbkt`s5

@stjs bmcvjs, hjkjhcmjs hjnj ’mcsp`rsbkt`s sck h`kczbs„, `k`k ukb gukhcøk scncibr b ijs m`t`rd`kt`s yb qu` hjktrjibk prckhcpbin`kt` ib gjrnbhcøk m` ijmjs. Xjk, pjr tbktj, ijs `khbrdbmjs m` trbkspjrtbr ib suhc`mbm brrbkhbmb pjr ijs bmcvjs m`t`rd`kt`s lbstb `i itrj j hârt`r m`i njtjr.

 

Bkm`sdbst`5

Gjrnbk ukb kb p`iîhuib prjt`htjrb `k ibs pbr`m`s b iufrchbr, `vctbkmj bsî `i hjktbhtj n`tbin`tbi. @sp`sbkt`s5

Xjk bd`kt`s sjicmchbmjr`s qu` prjpjrhcjkbk ukb r`m trcmcn`kscjkbi, scncibr b ib `struhturb m` ukb `spjkeb, qu` r``k` `i iufrchbkt` `ktr` sus pjrjs. Ib gukhcøk m` mchlj `sp`sbkt` `s bhtubr m` nbk`rb p`rn`bfi` b njmj m` m`pøsctj m` bh`ct`. Mciuy`kt`5

@st` bmcvj r`muh` ijs nchrjhrcstbi`s m` h`rb pbrb qu` uyb `i iufrchbkt` b fbebs t`np`rbturbs. Xcrv`k pbrb mciucr `i hjijr m`i øi`j5 mcvcm`k `i hjijr, jfrbkmj hjnj ukb bpichbhcøk pbstjsb. ºRuã gu`rzbs y `sgu`rzjs ckt`rvc`k`k `k ib grchhcøk:

Ib grchhcøk `s ib gu`rzb m` jpjschcøk qu` `xcst` `ktr` mjs sup`rhc`s bsp`brbs `k hjktbhtj, `k ib grchhcøk ckt`rvc`k`k hubtrj gu`rzbs5 Gb5 ib gu`rzb bpichbmb. Gr5 ib gu`rzb m` rjzbnc`ktj `ktr` ib sup`rhc` m` bpjyj y `i hu`rpj, y qu` s` jpjk` bi

m`siczbnc`ktj. _5 `i p`sj m`i prjpcj hu`rpj, cdubi b su nbsb pjr ib bh`i`rbhcøk m` ib drbv`mbm. K5 ib gu`rzb kjrnbi, qu` ib sup`rhc` lbh` sjfr` `i hu`rpj sjst`kcãkmjij. ºRuã `s `i m`sdbst` y hønj bg`htb:

@s ib pãrmcmb m` nbsb m` ib sup`rhc` m` uk nbt`rcbi søicmj pjr ib ckt`rbhhcøk n`hâkc n`hâkchb hb hjk jtrj hu`rpj `k hjktbhtj. @s `sp`hîhbn`kt` `sp`hîhbn`kt` ib `icnckbhcøk m` nbt`rcbi m` ukb sup`rhc` hjnj r`suitbmj m` ukb bhhcøk n`hâkchb. Lby vbrcjs pjs m` m`sdbst`5 2. 6. 8. =. 0.

M`sd M`sdbs bst` t` bml bml`s `scv cvj j M`sd M`sdbs bst` t` bfr bfrbs bsccvj M` M`sd sdbs bst` t` su sup` p`r rhc hcbi bi M` M`sd sdbs bst` t` pj pjrr grc grchh hhcø cøk k M`sd M`sdbs bst` t` `rjs `rjscv cvj j

Bi lbf`r m`sdbst` ibs pc`zbs hjn`kzbrbk b d`k`rbr nbs rucmj m`i kjrnbi pjr `i bibf`j qu` s` prjmuhcrâ pjr ib nbyjr ljidurb `ktr` ibs pc`zbs, ii`dbkmj b hbusbr gbiibs `k ijs `qucpjs.

 

ºHønj s` m`t`rnckb j ncm` ib vcshjscmbm `k uk iufrchbkt` y hubi`s sjk ibs ukcmbm`s y scst`nbs m` vcshjscmbm: N@MCHCJK M@ IB WCXHJXCMBM

Ijs prjh`mcnc`ktjs y `i `qucpj pbrb n`mcr ib vcshjscmbm sjk kun`rjsjs. Bidukjs `npi`bk ijs prckhcpcjs gukmbn`ktbi`s m` ib n`hâkchb m` ucmjs pbrb t`k`r ib vcshjscmbm `k sus ukcmbm`s fâschbs.

Wcshøn`trj m` tbnfjr dcrbtjrcj

X` lbh` dcrbr `i tbnfjr `xt`rcjr b ukb v`ijhcmbm bkduibr hjkstbkt`, nc`ktrbs qu` `i tbnfjr ckt`rcjr s` nbk`k` `stbhcjkbrcj, `i ucmj qu` `stâ `k hjktbhtj hjk `i tbnfjr dcrbtjrcj `k` ukb v`ijhcmbm ick`bi, hjkjhcmb, hjkjhcmb, nc`ktrbs qu` `i ucmj qu` `stâ `k hjktbhtj hjk `i tbnfjr ckt`rcjr `k` ukb v`ijhcmbm h`rj. Wcshøn`trj m` tufj hbpcibr

Ij hjkstctuy`k mjs r`hcpc`kt`s hjk`htbmjs pjr uk tufj ibrdj m` mcân`trj p`qu`òj.

 

Wbrcjs gbhtjr`s bg`htbk ib gjrnb `k qu` s` `vbiõb ib vcshjscmbm m` ijs bh`ct`s ckmustrcbi`s y m` njtjr. @k prcn`r iudbr, lby mjs mcg`r`kt`s jrdbkcsnjs ckt`rkbhcjkbi`s ckt`rkbhcjkbi`s ckvjiuhrbmjs `k ib r`duibhcøk m` `stjs mjs pjs m` bh`ct`s5 ib Jrdbkczbhcøk Ckt`rkbhcjkbi pbrb ib @stbkmbrczbhcøk (CXJ, pjr sus scdibs `k ckdiãs), qu` r`duib b ijs bh`ct`s ckmustrcbi`s, y ib Xjhc`mbm m` Ckd`kc`rjs Butjnjtrch`s (XB@, pjr sus scdibs `k ckdiãs), quc`k r`duib ijs bh`ct`s butjnjtrch`s. @stjs jrdbkcsnjs hjktrjibk hønj s` ncm` ib vcshjscmbm m` ijs mjs pjs m` bh`ct`. CXJ 8==< `s `i `stâkmbr pbrb ijs bh`ct`s `npi`bmjs `k ib nbquckbrcb ckmustrcbi. @stjs bh`ct`s `k`k uk drbmj m` vcshjscmbm qu` vb m`sm` `i rbkdj 6 lbstb `i 8,6??, sc`kmj 6 ib vcshjscmbm nâs fbeb y 8,6?? ib nâs bitb. Ib vcshjscmbm s` ncm` `k h`kXtja`s (vcshjscmbm hck`nâhb) b =?¿H. @stjs bh`ct`s pu`m`k s`r uiczbmjs mjkm` s` pr`s`kt`k bitbs hbrdbs, hjkmchcjk`s bnfc`ktbi`s vbrcbfi`s y bnfc`kt`s pjivjrc`ktjs. XB@ E8?? `s `i `stâkmbr pbrb ijs bh`ct`s butjnjtrch`s, `npi`bmjs `k njtjr`s m` hjnfusøk ckt`rkb. Xjk bh`ct`s hjnpi`ejs qu` s` bkbiczbk `k tr`s hbt`djrîbs5 ckvc`rkj (T), bitb t`np`rbturb (v`rbkj) y nuidrbmj. Ib hbt`djrîb m` ckvc`rkj (T) ncm` `i brrbkqu` `k grîj y ib fjnf`bfcicmbm m`i bh`ct` b t`np`rbturbs tbk fbebs hjnj 2?¿H fbej h`rj (-2?¿H) lbstb =?¿H =? ¿H fbej h`rj (-=?¿H). X` ncm`k `k h`k_jcs`s (h_). Xck `nfbrdj, b ijs drbmjs m` vcshjscmbm XB@ ?T lbstb 6?T tbnfcãk s` i`s ncm` `i vbijr nîkcnj m` vcshjscmbm `k h`kXtja`s (vcshjscmbm hck`nâhb) b 2?? ¿H. Ijs bh`ct`s `k `i drupj m` bitb t`np`rbturb vbk m`i drbmj m` vcshjscmbm XB@ m` 6? lbstb `i 7? y tbnfcãk s` ncm`k `k h`kXtja`s (vcshjscmbm hck`nâhb) hck`nâhb) b 2??¿H. 2? ?¿H. Ijs bh`ct`s nuidrbmj sjk ukb hjnfckbhcøk m` ijs bh`ct`s drbmj ckvc`rkj y ijs bh`ct`s m` bitb t`np`rbturb. ]c`k`k fu`kbs prjpc`mbm`s m` brrbkqu` `k grîj y fjnf`bfcicmbm `k fbeb t`np`rbturb, bsî hjnj ukb vcshjscmbm `stbfi` `k jp`rbhcøk b bitb t`np`rbturb (2?? y 20?¿H). Xc ust`m hjnprb bh`ct` pbrb `i njtjr m` su butjnøvci, prjfbfi`n`kt` v`râ `i sînfjij m` ’ib mjkb„ m` ib B_C (scdibs `k ckdiãs m`i Ckstutj Bn`rchbkj m`i _`trøi`j) `k ib pbrt` pjst`rcjr m`i `kvbs`. @k n`mcj m` ib mjkb `stâ `i drbmj m` vcshjscmbm XB@, pjr `e`npij, 0T-8?, 2?T-=?, `th. @st` drupj ckhiuy` `i sufdrupj m` bitb t`np`rbturb/bitj hjrt` (L]LX, pjr sus scdibs `k ckdiãs) y s` r`pjrtb su vcshjscmbm `k h`k_jcs`s b 20?¿H y 2?-7 s`d. @k `stbs mjs hbt`djrîbs (ckmustrcbi y m` njtjr), ibs hjkmchcjk`s m` jp`rbhcøk sjk nuy mcg`r`kt`s, rbzøk pjr ib hubi `k`k mcg`r`kt`s t`np`rbturbs pbrb n`mcr y bkbiczbr ijs bh`ct`s. @stumcjs m` ib t`np`rbturb r`bi m` jp`rbhcøk lbk njstrbmj qu` =?¿H (2?=¿G) `s bm`hubmb pbrb ib nbyjrîb m` ibs hibschbhcjk`ss m` iufrchbkt`s ckmustrcbi`s. M` nbk`rb scncibr, `stumcjs m` ib ckmustrcb butjnjtrcz hibschbhcjk` `stâk `vbiubkmj hubi s`rîb ib vcshjscmbm nâs r`pr`s`ktbvb pbrb uk bh`ct` m` njtjr m` hjnfusøk ckt`rkb, sc ib vcshjscmbm hck`nâhb n`mcmb b 2??¿H (626¿G) y r`pjrtbmb `k hXt, j ib vcshjscmbm bfsjiutb n`mcmb b 20?¿H (8?6¿G) y r`pjrtbmb `k h_.

 

ºRuã `ksbyjs s` r`biczbk `k ib iufrchbhcøk y qu` ckgjrnbhcøk `ktr`dbk:

pbrb ibs `npr`sbs `s nuy cnpjrtbkt` hjkjh`r qu` pj m` iufrchbkt` `stâk uiczbkmj pbrb sus `qucpjs, bs`durâkmjs` m` hunpicrâk hjk ibs hjkmchcjk`s r`qu`rcmbs pbrb qu` mchljs `qucpjs gukhcjk`k hjrr`htbn`kt` hjrr`htbn`kt` y qu` dbrbkh`k ukb vcmb õi prjijkdbmb, r`muhc`kmj m` `st` njmj ijs hjstjs m` nbkt`kcnc`ktj. _brb `stj s` ii`vb b hbfj ukb s`rc` m` pru`fbs pbrb sbf`r hjk pr`hcscøk ib hbicmbm m`i bh`ct` qu` s` `npi`brb. @ktr` `stjs `ksbyjs t`k`njs vcshjscmbm, m`kscmbm, bhcm`z, fbschcmbm, hjkt`kcmj m` bdub y g`rrjdrbb. Wcshjscmbm5

`s ukb m` ibs prjpc`mbm`s schjquînchbs nbs cnpjrtbkt`s `k `i bkâicscs m` ijs iufrchbkt`s. Pk bh`ct` hjk ukb fu`kb vcshjscmbm p`rnct` ukb gjrnbhcøk bm`hubmb y r`scst`kt` m` ib p`iîhuib m` iufrchbhcøk `vctbkmj bsî `i hjktbhtj `ktr` ibs pc`zbs n`tâichbs ij qu` r`muh` `i m`sdbst`. Ib vcshjscmbm pu`m` vbrcbr pjr gbhtjr`s ckt`rkjs y `xt`rkjs tbnfcãk fbeb hubkmj lby mciuhcøk j bmchcøk m` jtrjs iufrchbkt`s ckhjrr`htjs. M`kscmbm 5

`stb pru`fb ckmchb ib nbsb mcvcmcmb pjr `i vjiun`k m` bh`ct` b ukb hc`rtb t`np`rbturb. @s cnpjrtbkt` bkbiczbr ib m`kscmbm pbrb cm`khbr `vcm`khcb m` hjktbnckbhcøk j m`t`rcjrj m` ijs iufrchbkt`s. Fbschcmbm5

@i Kõn`rj m` Fbschcmbm ]jtbi (]FK) ckmchbrâ ib n`mcmb m` ib r`s`rvb bihbickb qu` k`utrbiczb ijs âhcmjs m` ib hjnfusøk. @i nbkt`kcnc`ktj m` ib r`s`rvb bihbickb byumb b pr`v`kcr ib hjrrjscøk. Hjkt`kcmj m` bdub5

@s hjnõk ib hjktbnckbhcøk pjr bdub j lun`mbm `k ijs iufrchbkt`s sc`kmj nuy mbòckb pbrb `st`, prckhcpbin`kt` suh`m` pjr gudb m` r`grcd`rbkt`, pjr hjkm`ksbhcøk m` ib lun`mbm btnjsgãrchb, hbusbkmj hjrrjscøk n`kjr iufrchbhcøk y m`sdbst` m`i bh`ct`. Bhcm`z5

`stb pru`fb s` r`biczb `k hbebs m` `kdrbkbe`s, njtjr`s y turfckbs m` dbs y iufrchbkt`s lcmrâuichjs. @i Kõn`rj ]jtbi m` Âhcmjs (]BK) n`mcrâ ijs âhcmjs jrdâkchjs mãfci`s y ijs âhcmjs ckjrdâkchjs gu`rt`s pr`s`kt`s `k `i bh`ct`. Ijs bh`ct`s d`k`rbin`kt` `km`k b s`r âhcmjs, yb qu` r`bhhcjkbk hjk `i jxîd`kj. B bitbs t`np`rbturbs, hjnj `s `i hbsj m`i njtjr m` bidukjs `qucpjs, ib r`bhhcøk quînchb `s nâs râpcmb y pu`m` hbusbr uk bun`ktj `k ib vcshjscmbm m`i bh`ct`.

 

G`rrjdrbb 5

hjk `stb pru`fb, `s pjscfi` hjktrjibr `i mcbdkøshj y `i `stbmj m` ib nâquckb, bsî hjnj m`t`rnckbr `i m`sdbst`, ijs pjs m` hjktbnckbkt`s y `i r`kmcnc`ktj m`i iufrchbkt`. Pkb v`z qu` s` r`biczb `i mcbdkøshj, `i `qucpj m` nbkt`kcnc`ktj m`hcmcrâ sc `i `qucpj s` `kvcbrâ j kj pbrb su r`pbrbhcøk. ºRuã scdkchbmj `k` ib pr`s`khcb m` bdub `k iufrchbkt`s:

Ib pr`s`khcb m` bdub `k `i iufrchbkt` pu`m` sr bsjhcbmb b gudbs `k `i ib r`grcd`rbhcøk, mjkm` `i r`grcd`rbkt` s` n`zhib hjk `i bh`ct` iufrchbkt` jhbscjkbkmj `nuiscjk`s `nuiscjk`s,, ibs hubi`s lbh`k qu` `i bh`ct` s` vu`ivb nâs vcshjsj y kj frckm` ukb iufrchbhcøk bm`hubmb. _jr jtrb pbrt`, ib hjkm`ksbhcøk hjkm`ksbhcøk m` lun`mbm m`i bnfc`kt` tbnfcãk jhbscjkb ib pr`s`khcb m` lun`mbm `k `i iufrchbkt` ib lun`mbm `s nuy mbòckb pbrb ijs iufrchbkt`s pu`s ijs m`drbmb râpcmbn`kt`. ºRuã `s ib m`drbmbhcøk m`drbmbhcøk m` uk iufrchbkt`: