LTE Training AllModule Priyo

READY FOR LTE LTE TRAINING FAVE HOTEL – JAKARTA June, 13th – June, 14th 2015

LTE OVERVIEW

LTE OVERVIEW – SERVICES AND APPLICATION RUN IN LTE

June, 2015

Copyright©2015 by Abdul Samad

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LTE OVERVIEW – LTE CHANNELS

LTE is Packet Improvement of HSPA(+) Technology. What LTE Offers ???  Higher Data Throughput (Currently can go up to 326 Mbps)  Better Latency ~ 10 ms (RTT)

June, 2015

Copyright©2015 by Abdul Samad

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LTE OVERVIEW – LTE DUPLEX MODE

LTE FDD : DL and UL separated by Frequency LTE TDD : DL and UL separated by Time Domain (Slot).

June, 2015

Copyright©2015 by Abdul Samad

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LTE OVERVIEW – LTE MULTIPLE ACCESS MODE

LTE FDD Multiple Access Method : UPLINK : SC – FDMA (SINGLE CARRIER FDMA) DOWNLINK : OFDMA (ORHTHOGONAL FDMA)

June, 2015

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5

LTE OVERVIEW – DEPLOYMENT

June, 2015

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LTE OVERVIEW – DEPLOYMENT

June, 2015

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LTE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

LTE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

EUTRAN

June, 2015

EPC

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LTE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE - EUTRAN

EUTRAN (Evolved UTRAN) A.

UE : Mobile Subscriber

B.

E Node B : o Modulation & Demodulation o Channel Decoding o Radio Resource Control o Radio Mobility Management o Process Layer 2 Protocol

June, 2015

Radio Function Controller Function

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10

LTE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE - EPC

EPC (Evolved Packet Core) A.

MME (Mobility Management Entity) o Signaling procedure to set up Packet Data Context and Negotiate Quality Of Services. o Tracking Area Update process (to page terminal for incoming session). o Security procedures -> authentication , ciphering and protection algorithm.

B.

SGW (Serving Gateway) Terminating point of the packet data towards E-UTRAN and Mobility Anchor that packet are routed through this point for Intra E-UTRAN Mobility.

C.

PGW = PDN GW (Packet Data Network Gateway) The termination point of the packet data interface towards the Packet Data Network. An anchor point for sessions towards the external Packet Data Networks.

June, 2015

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11

LTE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE - EPC

D. PCRF (Packet Charging and Rule Function) Server that manages service policy and QoS setting information. The CRF’s role is to provide operator-defined charging rules applicable to each service data flow. The CRF selects the relevant charging rules based on information provided by the P-CSCF, such as Application Identifier, Type of Stream (audio, video, etc.), Application Data Rate, etc. E.

HSS (Home Subscriber Server) Data Network Gateway) o User identification and addressing – this corresponds to the IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) and MSISDN (Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number) or mobile telephone number. o User profile information – this includes service subscription states and user-subscribed Quality of Service information (such as maximum allowed bit rate or allowed traffic class).

June, 2015

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12

LTE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE - INTERFACES

Interfaces uu : Interface between UE and E-Node B X2 : Interface between E-Node B S1-MME/S1-CP: Interface E-Node B and MME S1-UP : Interface between E-Node B and SGW/PGW S5/S8 S11 S7 S6a

June, 2015

: Interface between SGW to PGW : Interface between MME and SGW : Interface between PGW and PCRF : Interface between MME and HSS

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13

LTE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE – PSHO LTE to 3G

With S3 interface MME to SGSN enable Packet Switch Handover to WCDMA.

June, 2015

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14

LTE AIR INTERFACE

LTE AIR INTERFACE – THROUGHPUT CALCULATION

Theoretical Max for 2x2 MIMO, 10 MHz channel BW assuming 64QAM. Modulation throughout and 30% overhead = 12*7*2*50*6*70*2 = 70Mbps.       

June, 2015

12 Sub carriers 7 OFDM Symbols 2 Timeslots/Scheduling block 50 Resource blocks in 10 MHz 6 bits per symbol for 64 QAM 30% Overhead 2x2 MIMO

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16

LTE AIR INTERFACE – PHYSICAL RESOURCE FREQUENCY DOMAIN 1 Sub carrier = 15 KHz 1 Resource Block = 12 Subcarriers * 15 = 180 KHz

TIME DOMAIN 1 Time Slot = 0.5 ms 1 Subframe = 1 ms

Cyclic Prefix Normal CP = (4.69 µsec * 6) + (5.21µ * 1 sec) Extended CP = 16.67 µs

LTE FRAME 1 LTE FRAME = 15 SUB FRAME

June, 2015

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17

LTE AIR INTERFACE – LTE FRAME

June, 2015

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18

LTE AIR INTERFACE – MULTIPLE ACCESS

June, 2015

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19

LTE AIR INTERFACE – REFERENCE SYMBOLS

June, 2015

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20

LTE AIR INTERFACE – LTE CHANNELS

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21

LTE AIR INTERFACE – LTE CHANNELS Downlink

Uplink

June, 2015

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22

LTE AIR INTERFACE – LTE CHANNEL BANDWITH & BANDS

June, 2015

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23

LTE AIR INTERFACE – PHYSICAL CELL IDENTITY

 Physical layer Cell Identity (PCI) identifies a cell within a network equivalent of UMTS Scrambling Code  There are 504 Physical layer Cell Identities compared to 512 UMTS Scrambling Codes  PCI are organized in 168 groups of 3 codes compared to 64 groups of 8 for UMTS Scrambling Codes

Physical Cell Identity (PCI)

Physical Cell Group (0 … 167) = 168 Groups Physical Sub CellId (0 .. 2) = 3 Sub Cell

PCI = Physical Cell Group * 3 + Physical Sub Cell Id June, 2015

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24

LTE AIR INTERFACE – RSRP

RSRP (Reference Signal Receive Power) is the average power of Resource Elements (RE) that carry cell specific Reference Signals (RS) over the entire bandwidth, so RSRP is only measured in the symbols carrying RS. Its typical range is around -44 to -130dbm.

June, 2015

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25

LTE AIR INTERFACE – RSRQ

RSRQ is defined as (N x RSRP)/RSSI, where N is the number of RBs over the measurement bandwidth. As you see, this is not the direct measurement, it is a kind of derived value from RSRP and RSSI. By dividing RSRP by RSSI, it could give some information about interference as well in addition to the strength of the wanted signal.

June, 2015

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26

LTE AIR INTERFACE – RSSI

RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) is a parameter which provides information about total received wide-band power (measure in all symbols) including all interference and thermal noise. RSSI is the total power UE observes across the whole band. This includes the main signal and co-channel non-serving cell signal, adjacent channel interference and even the thermal noise within the specified band.

June, 2015

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27

LTE AIR INTERFACE – SINR

SINR also to measure of signal quality as well. Unlike RSRQ, it is not defined in the 3GPP specs but defined by the UE vendor. It is not reported to the network. SINR is used a lot by operators, and the LTE industry in general, as it better quantifies the relationship between RF conditions and throughput. UEs typically use SINR to calculate the CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) they report to the network. The components of the SINR calculation can be defined as: S: indicates the power of measured usable signals. Reference signals (RS) and physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) are mainly involved I: indicates the power of measured signals or channel interference signals from other cells in the current system N: indicates background noise, which is related to measurement bandwidths and receiver noise coefficients

June, 2015

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28

LTE AIR INTERFACE – RADIO LINK CONDITION

UEs typically use SINR to calculate the CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) they report to the network.

June, 2015

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29

LTE IDLE MODE BEHAVIOUR

LTE IDLE BEHAVIOUR – UE STATE comparison to other RAT

WCDMA UE Mode

June, 2015

LTE UE Mode

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GPRS MS Mode

31

LTE IDLE BEHAVIOUR – UE RRC State in LTE UE States and State Transitions. A UE is in RRC_CONNECTED when an RRC connection has been established. If this is not the case, i.e. no RRC connection is established, the UE is in RRC_IDLE state. RRC_IDLE  UE controlled mobility;  The UE:  Monitors a Paging channel.  Performs neighbouring cell measurements and cell (re-)selection.  Acquires system information. RRC_CONNECTED  Transfer of unicast data to/from UE.  Network controlled mobility.  The UE:  Monitors a Paging channel and/ or System Information Block Type 1 contents to detect system information change  Monitors control channels associated with the shared data channel to determine if data is scheduled for it.  Provides channel quality and feedback information.  Performs neighbouring cell measurements and measurement reporting.  Acquires system information.

June, 2015

Copyright©2015 by Abdul Samad

32

LTE IDLE BEHAVIOUR – Cell Selection and Reselection

Cell Selection Procedure Srxlev > 0 AND Squal > 0 Where: Srlev = Qrxlevmeas – (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) – Pcompensation Squal = Qqualmeas – (Qqualmin + Qqualminoffset)

June, 2015

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33

LTE IDLE BEHAVIOUR – Cell Selection and Reselection

Cell Re-Selection Procedure UE will perform measurement for INTRA FREQUENCY if : SServingCell = Sintrasearch

UE will perform measurement for INTER FREQUENCY if : SServingCell = SNonitrasearch

June, 2015

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34

LTE IDLE BEHAVIOUR – Cell Selection and Reselection

Cell Re-Selection Intra Frequency

June, 2015

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35

LTE IDLE BEHAVIOUR – Cell Selection and Reselection

When multiple E-UTRAN Frequency (Band) are used in network, priority based cell reselection can be applied. When UE Move from Cell A to Cell B, the UE will reselect to LTE 900 MHz with the highest priority, for scenario as below picture.

Cell Reselection Priority C_900 MHz = 7 Cell Reselection Priority C_1800 MHz = 6 Cell Reselection Priority C_2100 MHz = 5

June, 2015

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36

LTE IDLE BEHAVIOUR – InterFrequency Cell Reselection Priority Based

LTE IDLE BEHAVIOUR – RAT Cell Reselection (3G 4G)

How Enable Reselection from 3G to LTE The steps are :  Create EutranFreqRelation toward EARFCN (Eutran ARFCN) at RNC.  Some Parameter are need to be set (Scenario : LTE cell has higher priority).

Reselection to LTE happens : If SServing (RSCP) < absPrioCellRes_sPrioritySearch1.utranCell + qRxLevMin.utranCell AND STarget(RSRP) > qRxLevmin.EutranFreqRelation + threshHigh.EutranFreqRelation

June, 2015

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38

LTE IDLE BEHAVIOUR – RAT Cell Reselection (3G 4G) How Enable Reselection from LTE to 3G The steps are :  Create UtranFreqRelation toward UARFCN (UMTS ARFCN) at e-Node B  Some Parameter are need to be set (Scenario : UMTS (3G) cell has lower priority) 



Reselection to 3G happens : If SServing (RSRP) < SNonIntraSearch.EutranCellFDD + qRxLevMin.EutranCellFDD And STarget(RSCP) > qRxLevMin.UtranFreqRelation + threshLow. UtranFreqRelation June, 2015

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39

LTE IDLE BEHAVIOUR – Tracking Area

Tracking Area is similar with Routing Area in GSM or URA in WCDMA/3G. The Tracking Area update procedure is used by UE to update the registration of its actual location in the network, so that the UE will be able to be paged when there is incoming data. Normally UE will perform TA update, in this situation:  UE Switches ON  UE do reselection from UMTS or GSM to LTE Network  Across Tracking Area Border  Routine Tracking Area Update

June, 2015

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40

LTE IDLE BEHAVIOUR – SIB in LTE

SIB-19 in WCDMA WCDMA SIB19 specifies the LTE frequencies (EARFCN) and priorities. A maximum of 8 EARFCNs (4 FDD + 4 TDD) can be listed in SIB 19. For each EARFCN, you can configure a max 16 blacklisted cells. The blacklisted cell is the cell UE should not make reselection to. 

June, 2015



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41

LTE MOBILITY & IRAT

LTE Mobility (Handover)

Why does UE need to perform Handover ?

June, 2015

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43

LTE Mobility (Handover)

RRC Connected Mode Mobility  Intra LTE Handover  Intra e-Node Node-B  Inter e-Node Node-B (over X2 or S1)  Inter Frequency Handover (Intra or Inter e-Node B)  Inter RAT Mobility (to WCDMA or GSM or CDMA) June, 2015

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44

LTE Mobility (Measurement Report / LTE Handover Events ) Intra and Inter Frequency Handover Events :  Event _A1 Serving Cell becomes better than absolute threshold.  Event _A2 Serving Cell becomes worse than absolute threshold.  Event _A3 Neighbor Cell becomes amount of offset better than serving.  Event_A4 Neighbor Cell becomes better than absolute threshold.  Event_A5 Serving Cell becomes worse than absolute threshold1 AND neighbor cell becomes better than another absolute threshold2. IRAT Handover Events :  Event B1 IRAT Neighbor becomes better than threshold.  Event B2 Serving Cell becomes worse than absolute threshold1 AND IRAT neighbor becomes better than another absolute threshold2.

June, 2015

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45

LTE Mobility (Measurement Report / LTE Handover Events )

Cell A

June, 2015

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Cell B

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LTE Mobility (Handover Flow Procedure) X2 Handover Call Flow Intra LTE Handover (1)

June, 2015

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47

LTE Mobility (Handover Flow Procedure) X2 Handover call process for Intra LTE Handover (2)

June, 2015

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48

LTE Mobility (IRAT Deployment)

PS Handover to WCDMA Call Flow (1)

June, 2015

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49

LTE Mobility (IRAT Deployment) PS Handover to WCDMA Call Flow (2)

June, 2015

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50

PS Handover to WCDMA Events A2 And B2 Event PSHO to WCDMA

LTE Mobility (IRAT Deployment)

June, 2015

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52

LTE Mobility (PSHO Algorithm for Handover Trigger)

June, 2015

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53

LTE Mobility (IRAT Deployment)

License needed in E-Node B , to enable RWR and PS HO Session Continuity

License needed in RNC (UTRAN) , to enable RWR and PS HO (Session Continuity)

June, 2015

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54

LTE Mobility (Packet Session Continuity LTE to WCDMA)

LTE Coverage WCDMA Coverage

Two ways for Packet Continuity LTE to WCDMA prior Handover Preparation done : •

•

Measurement Based (measure target cell) using : Event A2 Event A1 (if ue find good coverage of source cell) Event A5 (need to activate ue measurement) Event B2 (need to activate ue measurement) Blind HO (use only event A2)

Once the Handover preparation done, then mobility action taken could be Release With Reditect (RWR) or PS Handover.

June, 2015

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55

LTE Mobility - Triggering PSHO / Blind Handover to WCDMA

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LTE Mobility (Mobility Action Release with Redirect VS PS Handover)

UE in LTE System

UE in WCDMA system

June, 2015

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57

LTE Mobility (Mobility Action Release with Redirect VS Handover)

Sample Drive Test Log Release With Redirect to WCDMA Release redirect to UARFCN 10738 (WCDMA F3) happened after RRC Connection release

June, 2015

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58

LTE Mobility (Mobility Action Release with Redirect VS PS Handover)

Sample Drive Test Log IRAT PS Handover to WCDMA Successfully PS Handover to WCDMA URAFCN 10763 (F1). June, 2015

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59

LTE ANR

ANR (Automatic Neighbor Relation)

ANR Supports :  Detect and add Intra Frequency LTE Relation  Detect and add Inter Frequency LTE Relation  Detect and add Inter RAT Mobility (to WCDMA or GSM or CDMA).

June, 2015

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61

ANR (Activation and Setting)

ANR will automatically add or remove relation based on measurement Report when UE in RRC Connected mode. To activate ANR : 1. ANRmeasON set to “True“ under MO EutranFreqRelation for neighbor relation Intra/Inter LTE 2. ANRmeasON set to “True“ under MO UtranFreqRelation for neighbor relation toward UTRAN 3. ANRmeasON set to “True” under MO GeranFreqGroup for relation toward GERAN Another thing is to set the threshold (minimum signal strength) or quality of neighbor cells that can be added as relation. MO “ANR Function Eutran”  for neighbor relation Intra/Inter LTE (RSRP, RSRQ) MO “ANR Function Utran”  for neighbor relation toward UTRAN (RSCP, EcNo) MO “ANR Function Geran”  for relation toward GERAN (RxLev,RxQual)

June, 2015

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62

ANR (ANR Activation and Setting) Example : setting of AnrFunctionEutran -> RSRP threshold -122 dBm a cell added as a neighbor

Example : setting of AnrFunctionUtran -> CelladdRSCPthresholdUtranDelta (Neighbor to WCDMA) We must see another parameter called b2Threshold2RscpUtra (-110 dBm) to add WCDMA cell as neighbor. WCDMA neighbor cell ANR = b2Threshold2RscpUtra + CelladdRSCPthresholdUtranDelta = -110 + 6 = -104 dBm

June, 2015

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63

ANR (Sample Relation) ANR Function -> Neighbor Removal

removeNrelTime Parameter to control how long a relation is kept without being used. Unit : 1 Day Range : 0 – 1000, 0 means removal done just 1 minute after relation created. This parameter is very good to use to remove unnecessary neighbor list. Less neighbor list , so UE will have less time to measure handover target. June, 2015

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64

ANR (Sample Relation) Example of LTE Intra/Inter Neighbor Relation created by ANR :

June, 2015

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65

LTE RRM

LTE Radio Resource Management Radio Resources in LTE • In LTE, Link Adaptation (LA) selects the transport format, i.e., modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and allocates power to assigned resources . • Scheduler chooses the time-frequency based on CSI for a UE, then LA selects MCS and allocates the power to the selected time-frequency resources. • Antennas and their corresponding precoding matrices are selected separately from time-frequency assignments mechanism. We discuss following topics (in terms of RRM not limited to these):  Dynamic packet assignment – scheduling  Link adaptation and power allocation  Load balancing (Inter Frequency Load Base Handover)  MIMO configuration control  Multi-RAT  Quality of Service (QoS In LTE) June, 2015

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67

LTE Radio Resource Management – Scheduling in LTE How the scheduling works :  UE computes the CQI value from downlink channel and sends it to the eNB  UE sends BSR reports to eNodeB  Based on BSR, CQI and UE QoS, eNodeB computes MCS value and PRB mapping information and send it to the UE in downlink

June, 2015

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68

LTE Radio Resource Management – Link Adaptation

June, 2015

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69

LTE Radio Resource Management – Power Control

June, 2015

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70

LTE Radio Resource Management - MIMO

Multiple Antenna Access Scheme

June, 2015

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71

LTE Radio Resource Management - MIMO

MIMO Concept :  Combining Signals compensate of Multipath conditions  With spatial multiplexing each Tx sends a different data stream to multiple Rx.

Multiple-antenna systems can compensate for some of the loss of SNR due to multipath conditions by combining signals that have different fading characteristics, since the path from each antenna will be slightly different. June, 2015

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72

MIMO Transmission mode – Rank Indicator

LTE Radio Resource Management – MIMO PROCESS

MIMO Process

MIMO 2 x 2 or 4 x 4 can double data rate of LTE

Multiple-antenna systems can compensate for some of the loss of SNR due to multipath conditions by combining signals that have different fading characteristics, since the path from each antenna will be slightly different. To achieve throughput gains where SNR is already very high, LTE uses a MIMO technique called spatial multiplexing. In spatial multiplexing, each Tx sends a different data stream to multiple Rx. These data streams are then reconstructed separately by the UE. It may seem counterintuitive that two signals sent at the same time and frequency within the same sector can result in increased throughput rather than interference.

June, 2015

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74

LTE Radio Resource Management – MIMO TRANSMISSION MODE

June, 2015

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75

LTE Radio Resource Management MIMO can double data rate of LTE.

June, 2015

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76

LTE Radio Resource Management – QoS Bearer Model in LTE

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77

LTE Radio Resource Management – QoS Standard CQI Characteristic

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78

DSCP Concept (DSCP Marking in QoS)

LTE Radio Resource Management - QoS Radio Admission Control (RAC). Is to ensure high radio resource utilization by accepting radio bearer requests if radio resources are available.  Admits or rejects establishment requests for new radio bearers.  This simultaneously ensures proper QoS for in-progress sessions by rejecting radio bearer requests when they cannot be accommodated.  High priority GBR requests are granted first. Pros:  High priority GBR requests are granted first.  In a contention situation, higher priority E-utran Radio Access Bearer (ERABs) can preempt lower priority ones. Cons:  Pre-emption would lead to the release of lower priority ERABs.

June, 2015

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80

LTE Radio Resource Management - QoS QoS Handling

LTE Radio Resource Management Radio Admission Control (RAC). Priority GBR Based It is important to realize that Admission Control (AC) is not standardized shlould be, different realizations of LTE Radio Access Network (RANs ) will run different admission control algorithms.

June, 2015

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82

LTE Radio Resource Management

See more detail Qos Setting in RBS -> MO : QciProfilePredefined Sample : Site id -> 453BB64E

It is a must to have RAN Qos Setting corresponding to Transport Setting (Design)

LTE Radio Resource Management

Standard QCI Characteristic

June, 2015

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84

LTE CS FALLBACK

CS FALLBACK – EUTRAN to UTRAN over SGs Basically , LTE is Packet Technology only. So when the UE want to make voice call the network will redirect to existing Technology such as “WCDMA” or “GSM”. The interface called “SGs” conecting between SGSN and MME.

June, 2015

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86

CS FALLBACK – CS fallback callflow

Mobile Originating Call

June, 2015

Mobile Terminating Call

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87

CS FALLBACK – CSFB Process

CSFB CALL

CSFB Set up time June, 2015

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Return Time to LTE 88

CS FALLBACK – Features and License

 Parameters involved at E-Node B (E-UTRAN) licenseStateCsfbToGsmWcdma (MO: CsfbToGsmWcdma) Indicates whether the licensed state of feature CS Fallback to GSM and WCDMA is ENABLED or DISABLED. That is, whether a valid license key is installed for the feature or not. serviceStateCsfbToGsmWcdma (MO: CsfbToGsmWcdma) Indicates if the feature CS Fallback to GSM and WCDMA is operable or inoperable, i.e. is the feature providing service or not.  License at RNC (UTRAN)

June, 2015

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89

CS FALLBACK – Features and License

Scenario : CSFB Call Priority to WCDMA has higher priority than GSM. Example : Value “csFallbackPrio” for WCDMA is 4. Value “csFallbackPrio” for GSM is 3.

June, 2015

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90

CS FALLBACK – LTE redirect to WCDMA for CS Fallback

1. 2. 3.

June, 2015

Enable License and Features in E Node Enable License and Features in UTRAN (RNC). Set some Parameter under in E-Node B ->“UtranFreqrelation MO”. Example : 10763 (F1 - UARFCN) “csFallbackPrio” set to “4” “mobilityActionCsfb” set to “0 (RELEASE_WITH_REDIRECT)”.

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91

CS FALLBACK – Redirect to LTE after CS Fallback

1. 2. 3.

June, 2015

Enable License and Features in E Node. Enable License and Features in UTRAN (RNC). Set some Parameter at RNC “ MO Eutranfreqrelation ” “releaseRedirect” set to “1 (EUTRA)” “releaseRedirectEutraTriggers.csFallbackCsRelease” set to “1” ON

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92

CS FALLBACK – Redirect to LTE after CS Fallback

1. 2. 3.

June, 2015

Enable License and Features in E Node. Enable License and Features in UTRAN (RNC). Set some Parameter at RNC “ MO Eutranfreqrelation ” Example : 1478 (F1 EARFCN). “redirection order” set to “1” “releaseRedirect” set to “1 (EUTRA)” “releaseRedirectEutraTriggers.csFallbackCsRelease” set to “1” ON

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93

CS Fallback to WCDMA and CSFB to GSM

To get figure number of CS Fallback attempt to WCDMA or GSM, Does this figure already our mobility management strategy ??

LTE RF TUNING ACTIVITY

RF TUNING ACTIVITY – RF TUNING PROCESS

Enode B Integration

Alarm Check

Alarm or Faulty

Raise HCR

Parameter Consistency & Configuration Check

Inconsistency found

Neighbor Check

Missed Frequency Creation (with ANR) or Relation (without ANR)

Raise NCCR Raise NCCR

RF Tuning

Final Report*

Acceptance*

* Still not applicable

June, 2015

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96

RF TUNING ACTIVITY - OVERVIEW

RF Tuning Activity : 1. Basic Case Test 2. Initial Tuning and Optimization a. Initial Tuning (Drive Test)  Antenna azimuth and downtilt/uptilt changes  Network configuration change b. Optimization (Statistical KPI) • Performance Monitoring • Parameter changes (Consistency Check refer to LLD) • Other Network configuration change

June, 2015

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97

RF TUNING ACTIVITY – FUNCTIONALITY TEST RF Tuning Activity : 1.

Basic Test Case (Initial Test) Mode : Stationary Test To ensure all services / applications are running well and the throughput close to theoretical calculation. For this functionality was done stationary at good radio condition (at good RSRP and SINR). a. Throughput and Latency Test Speed of the network and ping time can be measured Test server : Speedtest.net b. Application test To get user experience perspective when using some applications Type tests : Web Browsing, Video Streaming (Youtube), Video Conference (Skype) c. Another Services Voice Call (CS Fallback), SMS (CS), and USSD Code (Balance Check)

June, 2015

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98

RF TUNING ACTIVITY – FUNCTIONALITY TEST Check list result :

Speed Test Result (OAKLA) :

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99

RF TUNING ACTIVITY – FUNCTIONALITY TEST

Network Quality Components

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100

RF TUNING ACTIVITY – FUNCTIONALITY TEST How to measure your network Quality (Ping Time Result). Source : http://www.pingtest.net/ A. Excellent Result All Internet Application to work very well assuming you have sufficient bandwith. Ping time < 50 ms with 0% Packet Loss B. Very Good Your connection should work well for any Internet application. Some online games may not perform optimally. Ping time ~ 90 ms with 0% Packet Loss C. Acceptable Your VoIP quality will suffer some, and you will have a disadvantage in many online games. Most streaming media will be fine. Ping time ~ 150 ms with 1% Packet Loss C. Concerning Most online applications will not perform well but should function is some capacity Ping time ~ 300 ms with 3% Packet Loss D.

June, 2015

Very Poor Real-time Internet application performance will suffer greatly on such a connection Ping time ~ 500 ms with 20% Packet Loss Copyright©2015 by Abdul Samad

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RF TUNING ACTIVITY – Tuning Drive Test 2. Drive Test Initial Tuning. A. Coverage and Quality improvement by performing Mobility Drive Test. Log file from Drive Test that can be used for further analysis : o RSRP analysis, representing coverage o SINR analysis, representing Link Quality o PCI analysis (serving cell) o Throughput analysis o Ping Time for Latency Analysis B. Key Event LTE o LTE attach o CSFB Success rate , Call Setup time and Return to LTE after CSFB o Handover (Intra LTE)

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RF TUNING ACTIVITY – Tuning Drive Test Drive Test Methodology :  2 UEs + Scanner is reasonable for one laptop o UE1 doing FTP (or UDP) o UE2 doing attach and ping  Fixed duration FTP (or UDP) provides regular sampling over the drive rout o Allows SARR to be used as a KPI  Attach / Detach also tests reliability of MME

2 min UE1

10 sec

FTP UL

2 min DL

Attach

ping

Detach

UE2

June, 2015

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103

RF TUNING ACTIVITY – Tuning Drive Test

Some Action taken for Drive Test Tuning Analysis : 1. Identify spot / route that need to be improved 2. Take action for each spot / route such as : o Physical adjustment (Manual Tuning) o Lowering Power o Turn off the cell (need extra attention for this action) 3. Verify the change we made (improved or not) 4. ::: Other Case (Change RU Module from RUS02 to RRU12) to improve coverage (Part of Configuration Change)

June, 2015

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104

RF TUNING ACTIVITY- Drive Test Tuning Analysis

Identify spot / area/ route that need for improvement

June, 2015

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105

RF TUNING ACTIVITY – Drive Test Tuning

Theoretically In Downlink , SINR will be the one that we must focus on to get maximum throughput.

June, 2015

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106

RF TUNING ACTIVITY – Drive Tuning Analysis

Theoretically in Uplink , good RSRP (represented by Pathloss) by will give us better UL throughput. UL PUSCH Throughput / eva70 (75%) UL PUSCH Throughput / epa5 PUSCH Mean (kbps)

PUSCH vs. Pathloss per Cell 25000

20000

kbps

15000

10000

5000

0 90

June, 2015

100

110

120 130 Pathloss

140

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150

160

107

RF TUNING ACTIVITY – Drive Test Tuning RSRP Plot Analysis from Scanner , using 2 layers (Before and After) Scanner Plot.

June, 2015

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108

RF TUNING ACTIVITY – Drive Test Tuning SINR Plot Analysis from Scanner , using 2 layers (Before VS After) Scanner Plot.

June, 2015

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109

RF TUNING ACTIVITY – Drive Test Tuning

PCI Plot (#1st TOP) Analysis from Scanner , using 2 layers (Before vs After) Scanner Plot.

June, 2015

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110

RF TUNING ACTIVITY – FTP Downlink Throughput

FTP Downlink Throughput Analysis from UE test, using 2 layers (Before vs After).

June, 2015

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111

RF TUNING ACTIVITY – PING TIME

PING TIME

June, 2015

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112

RF TUNING ACTIVITY – Drive Test KPI Event LTE Attach Event ::: LTE Attached failed

June, 2015

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113

RF TUNING ACTIVITY – Drive Test KPI Event CSFB Call Setup Attempt event

June, 2015

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114

RF TUNING ACTIVITY – Performance Monitoring Sample Performance Monitoring (Cluster Level), after Consistency Check

#1st Consistency Check Highlighted -> Change of major parameter in EutranCellFDD MO # 2nd Consistency Check Highlighted -> Change of qRxLev.EutranCellFdd & qRxlevMin.EutranFreqRelation MO to -122

June, 2015

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115

LTE KPI STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Statistical Main KPI

LTE Performance Management 1.

Performance Statistic PM (Performance Monitoring) will collect the required counters and store them in ZML 15 minutes Report (ROP). 2. Performance Recording o LTE Cell Trace o UE Trace 3. Performance Data Analysis o ENIQ (Ericsson Network IQ) o ITK

June, 2015

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117

Statistical Main KPI

KPI , Counters and its Flow Chart. More details about the counters we see it from Alex.

June, 2015

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118

Statistical Main KPI

Main LTE KPI Performance : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Accessibility Retainability Mobility o Intra LTE Handover (IntraFrequency and InterFrequency) o IRAT 3G PSHO Integrity o User DL/UL Throughput o DL Latency Availability

June, 2015

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119

Statistical Main KPI - Accessibility SSSR (Session Setup Success Rate) The ability of a service to be obtained, within specified tolerances and other given conditions, when requested by the end user. SSSR can also be defined per Quality Class Indicator.

Showing RRC attempt is something good to know to have figure about number of user connect to LTE Network.

June, 2015

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120

Statistical Main KPI - Accessibility Accessibility Counters

June, 2015

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121

Statistical Main KPI - Retainability SARR (Session Abnormal Release Rate) The probability that a service, once obtained, continues to be provided under given conditions for a given time duration.

Minutes Abnormal Release

June, 2015

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122

Statistical Main KPI - Retainability Retainability Counters

June, 2015

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123

Statistical Main KPI - Integrity Integrity Service Integrity represents the quality experienced by the end user during the call or session. DL User Throughput

UL User Throughput DL Latency

DL User Throughput

February, 2015

DL Latency

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124

Statistical Main KPI - Integrity Integrity Counters

February, 2015

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125

Statistical Main KPI - Mobility LTE Handover Success Rate Intra and Inter Frequency LTE The ability of the system to allow movement within the LTE RAN or to another Radio Access Technology (RAT). Intra LTE Mobility Success Rate (Intra and Inter frequency)

PSHO to WCDMA (IRAT PSHO)

IRAT 3G PSHO =

February, 2015

pmHoPrepSucc x pmHoExeSucc pmHoPrepAtt x pmHoExeAtt

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126

Statistical Main KPI - Mobility Intra LTE Mobility Success Rate (Only Intra Frequency LTE Handover))

PSHO to WCDMA (IRAT PSHO)

For Mobility RAT to 3G, Ratio 3G PSHO vs Session Continuity (RWR) is something to be concerned about. February, 2015

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127

Statistical Main KPI - Mobility Mobility Counters Intra LTE (IntraF or InterF)

February, 2015

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128

Statistical Main KPI - Mobility Mobility Counters RAT to WCDMA

February, 2015

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129

Statistical Main KPI - Availability Availability The ability of an item to be in a state to perform a required function at a given instant of time within a given time interval, assuming that the external resources, if required, are provided

February, 2015

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130

Statistical Main KPI – Daily Performance Monitoring Cluster / Region Level Statistic Dashboard

February, 2015

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131

Statistical Main KPI – Daily Performance Monitoring Cell Level Daily Statistic

February, 2015

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132

ADDITIONAL SLIDE

VOLTE Network Architecture

IMS

SRVCC (Single Radio Voice Call Continuity)

RBS Configuration sample

RBS Configuration sample – Cell per Power

Baseband Capacity – DUS41 Spec

DUS41

Intra LTE Handover Message Flow

Intra LTE Handover Message Flow

Release With Redirect and PS Handover Flow Chart

Steps to create relation LTE to GSM

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Activate fetaure GsmSessionContinuity Create Geran Network Example : cr ManagedElement=1,ENodeBFunction=1,GeraNetwork=1 Create Geran Freq Group Example : cr ManagedElement=1,ENodeBFunction=1,GeraNetwork=1,GeranFreqGroup=1 Create Geran Frequency Example : cr ManagedElement=1,ENodeBFunction=1,GeraNetwork=1,GeranFreqGroup=1,GeranFrequency=109 Create Geran Freq Group Relation Example : cr ENodeBFunction=1,EUtranCellFDD=xxxxx_1 ,GeranFreqGroupRelation=1 Some parameter needs to be very high concerned : *cellReselectionPriority 2 *connectedModeMobilityPrio 2 *csFallbackPrio 2 *csFallbackPrioEC 2 *mobilityAction 1 *mobilityActionCsfb 0 *qRxLevMin -105 *threshXHigh 0 *threshXLow 4

Copyright©2015 by Abdul Samad All rights reserved. No part of this materials may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without the written permission of the Publisher and Author. Published by Priyo Adi Koesoemo, 2015