eRAN eRAN8.1
Optional Feature Description
Issue
01
Date
2015-01-15
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2015. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Contents 1 Voice & Other Services ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 VoLTE Capacity & Coverage........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1.1 LOFD-001016 VoIP Semi-persistent Scheduling ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 LOFD-001017 RObust Header Compression (ROHC) ............................................................................................. 3 1.1.3 LOFD-001048 TTI Bundling ..................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.4 LOFD-081229 Voice Characteristic Awareness Scheduling ...................................................................................... 5 1.2 SRVCC to UTRAN ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2.1 LOFD-001022 SRVCC to UTRAN ........................................................................................................................... 7 1.2.2 LOFD-001087 SRVCC Flexible Steering to UTRAN ............................................................................................... 8 1.3 SRVCC to GERAN ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.3.1 LOFD-001023 SRVCC to GERAN ........................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 CSFB to UTRAN ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 1.4.1 LOFD-001033 CS Fallback to UTRAN .................................................................................................................. 11 1.4.2 LOFD-070202 Ultra-Flash CSFB to UTRAN ......................................................................................................... 13 1.4.3 LOFD-001052 Flash CS Fallback to UTRAN ......................................................................................................... 15 1.4.4 LOFD-001068 CS Fallback with LAI to UTRAN ................................................................................................... 16 1.4.5 LOFD-001088 CS Fallback Steering to UTRAN .................................................................................................... 17 1.5 CSFB to GERAN ........................................................................................................................................................ 18 1.5.1 LOFD-001034 CS Fallback to GERAN .................................................................................................................. 18 1.5.2 LOFD-001053 Flash CS Fallback to GERAN ......................................................................................................... 19 1.5.3 LOFD-081283 Ultra-Flash CSFB to GERAN ......................................................................................................... 20 1.5.4 LOFD-001069 CS Fallback with LAI to GERAN ................................................................................................... 22 1.5.5 LOFD-001089 CS Fallback Steering to GERAN .................................................................................................... 23 1.6 CSFB to 1xRTT .......................................................................................................................................................... 24 1.6.1 LOFD-001035 CS Fallback to CDMA2000 1xRTT ................................................................................................ 24 1.6.2 LOFD-001090 Enhanced CS Fallback to CDMA2000 1xRTT ............................................................................... 25 1.6.3 LOFD-001091 CS Fallback to CDMA2000 1xRTT Based on Frequency-specific Factors .................................... 27 1.6.4 LOFD-080212 SRLTE Optimization ....................................................................................................................... 29 1.7 LCS & Broadcasting ................................................................................................................................................... 30 1.7.1 LOFD-001047 LoCation Services (LCS) ................................................................................................................ 30 1.7.2 LOFD-001092 CMAS Support ................................................................................................................................ 31 1.7.3 LOFD-008002 Dynamic Service-specific Access Control ...................................................................................... 32 1.8 eMBMS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 34
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1.8.1 LOFD-070220 eMBMS Phase 1 based on Centralized MCE Architecture ............................................................. 34 1.8.1.1 LOFD-07022001 Multi-cell transmission in MBSFN area................................................................................... 36 1.8.1.2 LOFD-07022002 Mixed transmission of unicast and broadcast ........................................................................... 37 1.8.1.3 LOFD-07022003 Data synchronization ................................................................................................................ 38 1.8.1.4 LOFD-07022004 Session admission control ........................................................................................................ 39 1.8.2 LOFD-080215 eMBMS Service Continuity ............................................................................................................ 40
2 Radio & Performance ................................................................................................................. 42 2.1 LTE 2 Antenna 150M/50Mbps ................................................................................................................................... 42 2.1.1 LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO ................................................................................................................................ 42 2.1.2 LOFD-001030 Support of UE Category 2/3/4 ......................................................................................................... 44 2.2 LTE 2 Antenna 150M/100Mbps ................................................................................................................................. 46 2.2.1 LOFD-001002 UL 2x2 MU-MIMO......................................................................................................................... 46 2.2.2 LOFD-001006 UL 64QAM ..................................................................................................................................... 47 2.3 LTE 4 Antenna 150M/100Mbps ................................................................................................................................. 48 2.3.1 LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO ................................................................................................................................ 48 2.3.2 LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity .................................................................................................... 49 2.3.3 LOFD-001058 UL 2x4 MU-MIMO......................................................................................................................... 50 2.4 LTE 4 Antenna 300M/100Mbps ................................................................................................................................. 51 2.4.1 LOFD-001060 DL 4X4 MIMO ............................................................................................................................... 51 2.5 Interference Handling ................................................................................................................................................. 52 2.5.1 LOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection Combining ............................................................................................ 52 2.5.2 LOFD-001014 Dynamic Inter-Cell Interference Coordination ................................................................................ 53 2.5.2.1 LOFD-00101401 Downlink Dynamic Inter-Cell Interference Coordination ........................................................ 53 2.5.2.2 LOFD-00101402 Uplink Dynamic Inter-Cell Interference Coordination ............................................................. 54 2.5.3 LOFD-060201 Adaptive Inter-Cell Interference Coordination ................................................................................ 55 2.5.4 LOFD-001067 800M Self-interference Cancellation .............................................................................................. 56 2.5.5 LOFD-001093 PUCCH Flexible Configuration ...................................................................................................... 57 2.5.6 LOFD-001094 Control Channel IRC ....................................................................................................................... 58 2.5.7 LOFD-001096 Advanced Receiver (PSIC) .............................................................................................................. 59 2.5.8 LOFD-070208 Coordinated Scheduling based Power Control (Cloud BB) ............................................................ 60 2.5.9 LOFD-081206 Intra-eNodeB Coordinated Uplink AMC ........................................................................................ 62 2.6 UL CoMP.................................................................................................................................................................... 63 2.6.1 LOFD-001066 Intra-eNodeB UL CoMP ................................................................................................................. 63 2.6.2 LOFD-070222 Intra-eNodeB UL CoMP Phase II ................................................................................................... 66 2.6.3 LOFD-070223 UL CoMP based on Coordinated BBU ........................................................................................... 68 2.6.4 LOFD-081219 UL CoMP Based on Relaxed Backhaul ........................................................................................... 71 2.7 QoS ............................................................................................................................................................................. 75 2.7.1 LOFD-001015 Enhanced Scheduling ...................................................................................................................... 75 2.7.1.1 LOFD-00101501 CQI Adjustment ....................................................................................................................... 75 2.7.1.2 LOFD-00101502 Dynamic Scheduling ................................................................................................................ 76 2.7.2 LOFD-001026 TCP Proxy Enhancer (TPE) ............................................................................................................ 77
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2.7.3 LOFD-001027 Active Queue Management (AQM) ................................................................................................ 79 2.7.4 LOFD-001029 Enhanced Admission Control .......................................................................................................... 80 2.7.4.1 LOFD-00102901 Radio/transport resource pre-emption ...................................................................................... 80 2.7.5 LOFD-001054 Flexible User Steering ..................................................................................................................... 81 2.7.5.1 LOFD-00105401 Camp & Handover Based on SPID .......................................................................................... 81 2.7.6 LOFD-001059 UL Pre-allocation Based on SPID ................................................................................................... 83 2.7.7 LOFD-001109 DL Non-GBR Packet Bundling ....................................................................................................... 84 2.7.8 LOFD-081202 Busy-Hour Download Rate Control ................................................................................................ 85 2.7.9 LOFD-081203 Video Service Rate Adaption .......................................................................................................... 86 2.7.10 LOFD-081218 Enhanced Extended QCI ............................................................................................................... 87 2.8 Signaling Storm & Terminal Battery Life Saving ....................................................................................................... 88 2.8.1 LOFD-001105 Dynamic DRX ................................................................................................................................. 88 2.8.1.1 LOFD-00110501 Dynamic DRX .......................................................................................................................... 88 2.8.1.2 LOFD-00110502 High-Mobility-Triggered Idle Mode ........................................................................................ 90 2.8.2 LOFD-070207 Intelligent Access Class Control...................................................................................................... 91 2.9 Inter-RAT Mobility to UTRAN .................................................................................................................................. 92 2.9.1 LOFD-001019 PS Inter-RAT Mobility between E-UTRAN and UTRAN .............................................................. 92 2.9.2 LOFD-001043 Service based inter-RAT handover to UTRAN ............................................................................... 95 2.9.3 LOFD-001072 Distance based Inter-RAT handover to UTRAN ............................................................................. 96 2.9.4 LOFD-001078 E-UTRAN to UTRAN CS/PS Steering ........................................................................................... 97 2.9.5 LOFD-070216 Separate Mobility Policies to UTRAN for Multi PLMN ................................................................ 98 2.9.6 LOFD-070203 RIM Based LTE Target Cell Selection ............................................................................................ 98 2.10 Inter-RAT Mobility to GERAN .............................................................................................................................. 100 2.10.1 LOFD-001020 PS Inter-RAT Mobility between E-UTRAN and GERAN .......................................................... 100 2.10.2 LOFD-001046 Service based inter-RAT handover to GERAN ........................................................................... 103 2.10.3 LOFD-001073 Distance based Inter-RAT handover to GERAN ......................................................................... 104 2.11 Inter-RAT Mobility to CDMA2000 ........................................................................................................................ 105 2.11.1 LOFD-001021 PS Inter-RAT Mobility between E-UTRAN and CDMA2000 .................................................... 105 2.11.2 LOFD-001111 PS Mobility from E-UTRAN to CDMA2000 HRPD Based on Frequency-specific Factors....... 107 2.12 Refarming ............................................................................................................................................................... 108 2.12.1 LOFD-001051 Compact Bandwidth .................................................................................................................... 108 2.13 High Speed Mobility............................................................................................................................................... 110 2.13.1 LOFD-001007 High Speed Mobility ................................................................................................................... 110 2.13.2 LOFD-001008 Ultra High Speed Mobility .......................................................................................................... 111 2.13.3 LOFD-081228 Handover Enhancement at Speed Mobility ................................................................................. 112 2.14 Coverage Enhancement .......................................................................................................................................... 113 2.14.1 LOFD-001009 Extended Cell Access Radius ...................................................................................................... 113 2.14.2 LOFD-001031 Extended CP ................................................................................................................................ 114 2.14.3 LOFD-081223 Extended Cell Access Radius Beyond 100km............................................................................. 115
3 Networking & Transmission & Security .............................................................................. 118 3.1 Transmission & Synchronization .............................................................................................................................. 118
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3.1.1 LOFD-003002 2G/3G and LTE Co-transmission .................................................................................................. 118 3.1.2 LOFD-003011 Enhanced Transmission QoS Management ................................................................................... 120 3.1.2.1 LOFD-00301101 Transport Overbooking ........................................................................................................... 120 3.1.2.2 LOFD-00301102 Transport Differentiated Flow Control ................................................................................... 121 3.1.2.3 LOFD-00301103 Transport Resource Overload Control .................................................................................... 122 3.1.3 LOFD-003012 IP Performance Monitoring ........................................................................................................... 123 3.1.3.1 LOFD-00301201 IP Performance Monitoring .................................................................................................... 123 3.1.3.2 LOFD-00301202 Transport Dynamic Flow Control........................................................................................... 124 3.1.4 LOFD-070219 IP Active Performance Measurement ............................................................................................ 124 3.1.5 LOFD-003013 Enhanced Synchronization ............................................................................................................ 127 3.1.5.1 LOFD-00301301 Synchronization with Ethernet (ITU-T G.8261) ..................................................................... 127 3.1.5.2 LOFD-00301302 IEEE1588 V2 Clock Synchronization .................................................................................... 128 3.1.5.3 LOFD-00301303 Clock over IP (Huawei proprietary) ....................................................................................... 131 3.1.6 LOFD-003016 Different Transport Paths based on QoS Grade............................................................................. 133 3.1.7 LOFD-080216 Uu based Soft Synchronization ..................................................................................................... 134 3.1.8 LOFD-081220 Inter-BBU Clock Sharing .............................................................................................................. 135 3.2 IPv6........................................................................................................................................................................... 136 3.2.1 LOFD-003017 S1 and X2 over IPv6 ..................................................................................................................... 136 3.2.2 LOFD-003023 IEEE 1588v2 over IPv6................................................................................................................. 138 3.2.3 LOFD-003024 IPsec for IPv6 ................................................................................................................................ 139 3.3 Security ..................................................................................................................................................................... 140 3.3.1 LOFD-001010 Security Mechanism ...................................................................................................................... 140 3.3.1.1 LOFD-00101001 Encryption: AES..................................................................................................................... 140 3.3.1.2 LOFD-00101002 Encryption: SNOW 3G .......................................................................................................... 141 3.3.1.3 LOFD-00101003 Encryption: ZUC .................................................................................................................... 142 3.3.2 LOFD-003009 IPsec .............................................................................................................................................. 143 3.3.3 LOFD-003010 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) .................................................................................................... 144 3.3.4 LOFD-003014 Integrated Firewall ........................................................................................................................ 146 3.3.4.1 LOFD-00301401 Access Control List (ACL) ..................................................................................................... 146 3.3.4.2 LOFD-00301402 Access Control List (ACL) Auto Configuration ..................................................................... 147 3.3.5 LOFD-003015 Access Control based on 802.1x ................................................................................................... 148 3.3.6 LOFD-070211 IPSec Redundancy Among Multiple SeGWs ................................................................................ 149 3.3.7 LOFD-070212 eNodeB Supporting PKI Redundancy ........................................................................................... 150 3.4 Reliability ................................................................................................................................................................. 152 3.4.1 LOFD-001018 S1-flex ........................................................................................................................................... 152 3.4.2 LOFD-003004 Ethernet OAM ............................................................................................................................... 154 3.4.2.1 LOFD-00300401 Ethernet OAM (IEEE 802.3ah) .............................................................................................. 154 3.4.2.2 LOFD-00300402 Ethernet OAM (IEEE 802.1ag) .............................................................................................. 155 3.4.2.3 LOFD-00300403 Ethernet OAM (Y.1731) ......................................................................................................... 156 3.4.3 LOFD-003005 OM Channel Backup ..................................................................................................................... 157 3.4.4 LOFD-003006 IP Route Backup............................................................................................................................ 158 3.4.5 LOFD-003007 Bidirectional Forwarding Detection .............................................................................................. 158
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3.4.6 LOFD-003008 Ethernet Link Aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad) .................................................................................. 160 3.4.7 LOFD-003019 IPsec Tunnel Backup ..................................................................................................................... 161 3.4.8 LOFD-081280 eNodeB Supporting Multi-operator PKI ....................................................................................... 162 3.4.9 LOFD-081281 eNodeB Supporting IPsec Redirection .......................................................................................... 164 3.5 RAN Sharing ............................................................................................................................................................ 166 3.5.1 LOFD-001036 RAN Sharing with Common Carrier ............................................................................................. 166 3.5.2 LOFD-001037 RAN Sharing with Dedicated Carrier ........................................................................................... 168 3.5.3 LOFD-001086 RAN Sharing by More Operators .................................................................................................. 170 3.5.4 LOFD-001112 MOCN Flexible Priority Based Camping...................................................................................... 171 3.5.5 LOFD-070206 Hybrid RAN Sharing ..................................................................................................................... 171 3.5.6 LOFD-070204 Operator Load Based Intra-LTE MLB .......................................................................................... 174 3.5.7 LOFD-070213 Fair User Sharing .......................................................................................................................... 175 3.5.8 LOFD-070210 Multi Operators SPID Policy ........................................................................................................ 176 3.6 Advance Micro.......................................................................................................................................................... 177 3.6.1 LOFD-002016 Micro eNodeB Self-planning ........................................................................................................ 177 3.6.2 LOFD-001057 Load Balancing based on Transport QoS ...................................................................................... 178 3.6.3 LOFD-003022 PPPoE............................................................................................................................................ 179 3.6.4 LOFD-003031 Horizon Beam-Width Adjustment ................................................................................................. 180 3.7 Site Architecture ....................................................................................................................................................... 181 3.7.1 LOFD-001076 CPRI Compression ........................................................................................................................ 181 3.7.2 LOFD-003032 Intra-BBU Baseband Sharing (2T) ................................................................................................ 182 3.7.3 LOFD-003029 SFN ............................................................................................................................................... 183 3.7.4 LOFD-070205 Adaptive SFN/SDMA ................................................................................................................... 185 3.7.5 LOFD-081208 Inter-eNodeB SFN Based on Coordinated BBU ........................................................................... 187 3.7.6 LOFD-081209 Inter-eNodeB Adaptive SFN/SDMA Based on Coordinated BBU ............................................... 189 3.7.7 LOFD-081221 Super Combined Cell .................................................................................................................... 191
4 O&M ............................................................................................................................................ 194 4.1 SON Self-Configuration ........................................................................................................................................... 194 4.1.1 LOFD-002001 Automatic Neighbour Relation (ANR) .......................................................................................... 194 4.1.2 LOFD-002002 Inter-RAT ANR ............................................................................................................................. 197 4.1.3 LOFD-002004 Self-configuration ......................................................................................................................... 201 4.1.4 LOFD-002007 PCI Collision Detection & Self-Optimization ............................................................................... 204 4.1.5 LOFD-081225 Neighbor Cell Classification Management ................................................................................... 207 4.2 SON Self-Optimization............................................................................................................................................. 208 4.2.1 LOFD-001032 Intra-LTE Load Balancing............................................................................................................. 208 4.2.2 LOFD-070215 Intra-LTE User Number Load Balancing ...................................................................................... 209 4.2.3 LOFD-081227 Intra-LTE Load Balancing for Non-cosited Cells ......................................................................... 210 4.2.4 LOFD-001044 Inter-RAT Load Sharing to UTRAN ............................................................................................. 212 4.2.5 LOFD-001045 Inter-RAT Load Sharing to GERAN ............................................................................................. 213 4.2.6 LOFD-002005 Mobility Robust Optimization (MRO) .......................................................................................... 214 4.2.7 LOFD-002015 RACH Optimization ...................................................................................................................... 216
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4.2.8 LOFD-081207 Specified PCI Group-based Neighboring Cell Management ......................................................... 218 4.2.9 LOFD-081205 Automatic Congestion Handling ................................................................................................... 219 4.3 SON Self-Healing ..................................................................................................................................................... 221 4.3.1 LOFD-002010 Sleeping Cell Detection ................................................................................................................. 221 4.3.2 LOFD-002011 Antenna Fault Detection ................................................................................................................ 222 4.3.3 LOFD-002012 Cell Outage Detection and Compensation .................................................................................... 223 4.4 Power Saving ............................................................................................................................................................ 224 4.4.1 LOFD-001025 Adaptive Power Consumption ....................................................................................................... 224 4.4.2 LOFD-001039 RF Channel Intelligent Shutdown ................................................................................................. 225 4.4.3 LOFD-001040 Low Power Consumption Mode.................................................................................................... 227 4.4.4 LOFD-001041 Power Consumption Monitoring ................................................................................................... 228 4.4.5 LOFD-001042 Intelligent Power-Off of Carriers in the Same Coverage .............................................................. 229 4.4.6 LOFD-001056 PSU Intelligent Sleep Mode .......................................................................................................... 230 4.4.7 LOFD-001070 Symbol Power Saving ................................................................................................................... 231 4.4.8 LOFD-001071 Intelligent Battery Management .................................................................................................... 232 4.4.9 LOFD-001074 Intelligent Power-Off of Carriers in the Same Coverage of UMTS Network ............................... 234 4.4.10 LOFD-001075 RRU PA Efficiency Improvement ............................................................................................... 235 4.5 Antenna Management ............................................................................................................................................... 236 4.5.1 LOFD-001024 Remote Electrical Tilt Control ...................................................................................................... 236
5 Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................. 238
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eRAN Optional Feature Description
1 Voice & Other Services
1
Voice & Other Services
1.1 VoLTE Capacity & Coverage 1.2 SRVCC to UTRAN 1.3 SRVCC to GERAN 1.4 CSFB to UTRAN 1.5 CSFB to GERAN 1.6 CSFB to 1xRTT 1.7 LCS & Broadcasting 1.8 eMBMS
1.1 VoLTE Capacity & Coverage 1.1.1 LOFD-001016 VoIP Semi-persistent Scheduling Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN2.0
applicable to Micro from eRAN3.0
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0
Summary Semi-persistent Scheduling is a technique for efficiently assigning resources for spurts of traffic in a wireless communication system. A semi-persistent resource assignment is valid as long as more data is sent within a predetermined time period from last sent data, and expires if no data is sent within the predetermined time period. For VoIP, a semi-persistent resource assignment may be granted for a voice frame in anticipation of a spurt of voice activity.
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Benefits The semi-persistent scheduling is critical for VoIP services and provides the following benefits:
Guarantees the QoS for VoIP services.
Reduces the control signaling overhead for VoIP transmission.
Maximizes the resource utilization by dynamically activating/deactivating resource allocation according to the transition between silent period and talk spurt.
Description This feature is critical to deliver the voice service with acceptable quality. LTE is optimized in terms of packet data transfer, and the core network is purely IP packet-based. The voice is transmitted by means of VoIP instead of using the traditional circuit-based method. To ensure the voice quality, a semi-persistent scheduling solution is used for VoIP services. VoIP is a real-time service with small and fixed-length data packets and constant time of arrival. VoIP traffic consists of talk spurts and silent periods. The Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) codec could yield quiet burst voice traffic. During the talk spurt, VoIP packets normally arrive at intervals of 20 ms; during the silent period, Silence Indicator (SID) packets arrive at an interval of 160ms. The semi-persistent scheduling allocates a certain amount of resources (such as resource blocks) for the voice call during the call setup period through RRC signaling. The allocation is semi-persistent and does not need to be requested again through UL/DL control signaling until the call ends and the resources are released. To allow the maximum resource utilization during the silent period, the resource allocation will be deactivated by means of explicit signaling exchanged over the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). When the VoIP call transits from the silent period to the talk spurt, similar PDCCH signaling is used to activate the semi-persistent resource allocation. The semi-persistent scheduling significantly reduces the PDCCH overhead and ensures the QoS for VoIP services by reserving the resources in a semi-persistent fashion. It also improves the resource utilization by dynamically activating or deactivating resource allocation activities between talk spurt and silent period. If both VOIP and data traffic are present for an UE, dynamic scheduling is used instead of semi-persistent scheduling. Starting from eRAN2.1, when it is 1.4MHz system bandwidth, it will not use semi-persistent schedule and when it is other system bandwidth, it will preserve some percent of total RB resource. The reason is that if VOIP occupies a lot of resource, it will impact the schedule of signal, which is scheduled after VOIP.
Enhancement None
Dependency
UE The UE should support semi-persistent scheduling.
Others This feature is not supported in 1.4MHz system bandwidth. This feature is applicable for VoIP service only.
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1.1.2 LOFD-001017 RObust Header Compression (ROHC) Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN2.0
applicable to Micro from eRAN3.0
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0
Summary ROHC provides an efficient and flexible header compression mechanism which is particularly important to improve the bandwidth utilization for VoIP service with small payload size.
Benefits ROHC can reduce the size of IP packet head and significantly improve the payload/header ratio for VoIP service with small payload. It also shortens the response time in order to guarantee the high ratio of link usage between the eNodeB and the UE.
Description As more and more wireless technologies are being deployed to carry IP traffic, it is a vital significance to reduce the total size of header of transmission, because the overhead of the packet is large. This can improve the usage of the bandwidth resources, particularly for service with small payload (for example, VoIP service). On an end-to-end transmission path, the entire header information is necessary for all packets in the flow. However, over a wireless link (a portion of the end-to-end path), some of the information become redundant and can be reduced over the link, since they can be transparently recovered at the receiving side. ROHC protocol provides an efficient, flexible, and future-proof header compression concept based on compression/decompression of IP/UDP/RTP/ESP packets header. It is designed to operate efficiently and robustly over various link technologies with different characteristics, especially for wireless transmission. In LTE system, the ROHC function is located in Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) entities associated with user plane packets. For the UL, the packets are compressed by the UE and decompressed by the eNodeB; for the DL, the packets are compressed by the eNodeB and decompressed by the UE. The relative gain for specific flows or applications depends on the size of the payload used in each packet. Header compression is expected to significantly improve the bandwidth utilization for VoIP service with small payload size. Huawei LTE eNodeB supports profiles 0x0000–0x0004 based on both IPv4 and IPv6 (Micro eNodeB Table 2-2 shows the profile identifiers and their associated header compression protocols. Table 1-1 ROHC profile identifier and header compression protocol Profile Identifier
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Profile Identifier
Usage:
0x0000
No compression
0x0001
RTP/UDP/IP
0x0002
UDP/IP
0x0003
ESP/IP
0x0004
IP
Enhancement
In eRAN2.2 for VoIP packets, an additional compression scheme of ROHC which is called the List Compression is supported.
Dependency
UE The UE should support ROHC.
1.1.3 LOFD-001048 TTI Bundling Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN2.1
applicable to Micro form eRAN3.0
not applicable to Lampsite
Summary TTI bundling transmission is introduced to improve LTE uplink coverage. The UEs in cell edge with poor uplink SINR can retransmit the same data block in continuous subframe by means of TTI bundling.
Benefits TTI bundling could help to improve uplink coverage and in-house reception for voice.
Description TTI bundling transmission is introduced to improve LTE uplink coverage. The UEs in cell edge with poor uplink SINR can retransmit the same data block in continuous subframe by means of TTI bundling.. The activation and deactivation of TTI bundling transmission is controlled by RRC signaling message. If TTI bundling is configured by the RRC layer, TTI_BUNDLE_SIZE provides the number of TTIs of a TTI bundle. Within a TTI bundle, HARQ retransmissions are non-adaptive and shall
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be performed without waiting for feedbacks (e.g. NACK or ACK ) related to previous transmissions according to TTI_BUNDLE_SIZE. A feedback for a TTI bundle is only received for a specific TTI corresponding to TTI_BUNDLE_SIZE. A retransmission of a TTI bundle is also a TTI bundle. TTI_BUNDLE_SIZE is fixed to 4.
Enhancement
In eRAN8.1 When performing mixed services, UEs enter the TTI bundling state if VoIP services (QCI of 1) are included.
Dependency
eNodeB None
eCO None
UE The UE should support TTI Bundling.
Transport network None
CN None
OSS None
Other features This feature is not supported in 1.4MHz system bandwidth. This feature is applicable for VoIP service only.
Others None
1.1.4 LOFD-081229 Voice Characteristic Awareness Scheduling Availability This feature is
Applicable to Macro from eRAN8.1.
Applicable to Micro from eRAN8.1.
Applicable to Lampsite from eRAN8.1.
Summary This feature is implemented based on uplink delay-based dynamic scheduling and uplink VoLTE volume estimation for dynamic scheduling. This feature adjusts scheduling priorities and estimates uplink volume to be scheduled to improve uplink voice performance in heavy traffic scenarios.
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eRAN Optional Feature Description
1 Voice & Other Services
The independent configuration for voice inactivity timer improves user experiences on voice services.
Benefits This feature improves uplink voice performance in heavy traffic scenarios.
Description
Uplink delay-based dynamic scheduling
The eNodeB prioritizes voice packets based on their waiting times; a longer waiting time indicates a higher priority. This way, the eNodeB makes a balance among scheduling queues and improves voice quality, especially the voice quality of UEs at the cell edge where channel conditions are poor.
Uplink VoLTE volume estimation for dynamic scheduling The eNodeB estimates uplink VoLTE volume for dynamic scheduling based on the VoLTE model and uplink scheduling intervals: −
During talk spurts, the eNodeB estimates the number of voice packets in the UE buffer based on their uplink scheduling intervals and then calculates the volume of voice packets based on the size of a voice packet.
−
During silent periods, the eNodeB takes the size of a voice packet as the uplink VoLTE volume for dynamic scheduling.
When a called UE does not answer the call, the calling UE is released after the UE inactivity timer expires. In this case, the calling UE in idle mode may be reselected to a cell that does not support voice services. If the called UE starts to answer the call, the service with QCI of 1 of the calling UE fails to be set up. With independent configuration for voice inactivity timer, the UEs can distinguish voice and non-voice scenarios. That is, the length of the UE inactivity timer can be independently configured to avoid the preceding negative impact.
Enhancement None
Dependency
eNodeB None
eCo None
UE None
Transport network None
CN None
OSS None
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eRAN Optional Feature Description
1 Voice & Other Services
Other features This feature applies only to VoLTE services. This feature requires the following features:
−
LBFD-002025 Basic Scheduling
−
LOFD-00101502 Dynamic Scheduling
Others None
1.2 SRVCC to UTRAN 1.2.1 LOFD-001022 SRVCC to UTRAN Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN2.0
applicable to Micro from eRAN3.0
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0
Summary Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) is voice call continuity between IMS over PS access and CS access for calls that are anchored in the IMS when the UE is capable of transmitting/receiving on only one of those access networks at a given time.
Benefits When a UE moves from E-UTRAN to UTRAN, SRVCC maintains voice call continuity for the UE.
Description When a UE moves from E-UTRAN to UTRAN, SRVCC is used to maintain voice call continuity for the UE. For facilitating session transfer (SRVCC) of the voice component to the CS domain, the IMS multimedia telephony sessions need to be anchored in the IMS. For SRVCC from E-UTRAN to UTRAN, the MME first receives the handover request from E-UTRAN with the indication that this is for SRVCC handling, and then triggers the SRVCC procedure with the MSC Server enhanced for SRVCC through the Sv reference point if the MME has SRVCC STN-SR information for this UE. The MSC Server enhanced for SRVCC then initiates the session transfer procedure to the IMS and coordinates it with the CS handover procedure to the target cell. The MSC Server enhanced for SRVCC then sends the Forward Relocation Response to the MME, which includes the necessary CS HO command information for the UE to access the UTRAN. Handling of any non-voice PS bearer is done by the PS bearer splitting function in the MME. The MME may suppress the handover of non-voice PS bearer during the SRVCC procedure. The handover of non-voice PS bearer is performed according to the Inter-RAT handover procedure defined in 3GPP TS 23.401. The MME is responsible for processing the Forward Issue 01 (2015-01-15)
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eRAN Optional Feature Description
1 Voice & Other Services
Relocation Response from the MSC Server during the SRVCC and PS-PS handover procedures. The following figure shows the SRVCC from E-UTRAN to UTRAN Figure 1-1 SRVCC from E-UTRAN to UTRAN
Enhancement None
Dependency
CN IMS multimedia telephony.
1.2.2 LOFD-001087 SRVCC Flexible Steering to UTRAN Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN6.0
applicable to Micro from eRAN6.0
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0
Summary Single radio voice call continuity (SRVCC) flexible steering to UTRAN includes two functionalities:
SRVCC only to the highest-priority UTRAN frequency This functionality is applicable to the operator that has several UTRAN frequencies, and expects SRVCC call is setup in one frequency first.
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eRAN Optional Feature Description
1 Voice & Other Services
SRVCC to UTRAN for an LCS required VoIP services With IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) deployed, the E-UTRAN can provide voice over IP (VoIP) services. However, if evolved packet core (EPC) does not support the location service (LCS) but which is required by the voice call, an SRVCC procedure can transfer UE to an LCS capable UTRAN network.
Benefits SRVCC to the highest-priority UTRAN frequency saves the UE measurement time. Meanwhile, the operator can assign the highest priority to the UTRAN frequency that covers the largest area which is often on a lower band. In this way, UE does not need further handover after SRVCC to UTRAN, thus it improves user experience. When the EPC connected by the eNodeB does not not support LCS, UE can perform SRVCC to get a LCS capable voice call.
Description If an operator has both E-UTRAN and UTRAN networks and UTRAN has multiple frequencies, it is recommended that lower UTRAN frequencies have higher priority in SRVCC. With this feature the UE can be transferred to a configured UTRAN frequency with highest-priority during SRVCC to UTRAN. And the UE which does not support the configured UTRAN frequency with highest-priority is transferred to other lower-priority UTRAN frequencies according to measurement result. If the EPC that an eNodeB connected to does not support LCS, EPC will send a CS fallback indicator to eNodeB to indicate that. When a VoIP call is setup, the eNodeB will first check the service type requested by the UE. If the UE requests a VoIP service which needs LCS, the eNodeB makes UE to perform an SRVCC procedure to an LCS capable UTRAN network.
Enhancement None
Dependency
Other features LOFD-001022 SRVCC to UTRAN and LOFD-001078 E-UTRAN to UTRAN CS/PS Steering
1.3 SRVCC to GERAN 1.3.1 LOFD-001023 SRVCC to GERAN Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN2.0
applicable to Micro from eRAN3.0
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0
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1 Voice & Other Services
Summary SRVCC is voice call continuity between IMS over PS access and CS access for calls that are anchored in the IMS when the UE is capable of transmitting/receiving on only one of those access networks at a given time.
Benefits When a UE moves from E-UTRAN to GERAN, SRVCC maintains voice call continuity for the UE.
Description When a UE moves from E-UTRAN to GERAN, SRVCC is used to maintain voice call continuity for the UE. For facilitating session transfer (SRVCC) of the voice component to the CS domain, the IMS multimedia telephony sessions need to be anchored in the IMS. For SRVCC from E-UTRAN to GERAN, the MME first receives the handover request from E-UTRAN with the indication that this is for SRVCC handling, and then triggers the SRVCC procedure with the MSC Server enhanced for SRVCC through the Sv reference point if the MME has SRVCC STN-SR information for this UE. The MSC Server enhanced for SRVCC then initiates the session transfer procedure to the IMS and coordinates it with the CS handover procedure to the target cell. The MSC Server enhanced for SRVCC then sends the Forward Relocation Response to the MME, which includes the necessary CS HO command information for the UE to access the GERAN. Handling of any non-voice PS bearer is done by the PS bearer splitting function in the MME. The MME may suppress the handover of non-voice PS bearer during the SRVCC procedure. The handover of non-voice PS bearer is performed according to the Inter-RAT handover procedure defined in 3GPP TS 23.401. The MME is responsible for processing the Forward Relocation Response from the MSC Server during the SRVCC and PS-PS handover procedures. The following figure shows the SRVCC from E-UTRAN to GERAN
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Figure 1-2 SRVCC from E-UTRAN to GERAN
Enhancement None
Dependency
CN IMS multimedia telephony
1.4 CSFB to UTRAN 1.4.1 LOFD-001033 CS Fallback to UTRAN Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN2.0
applicable to Micro from eRAN3.0
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0
Summary When UE is in the E-UTRAN and UTRAN coverage overlapped area and E-UTRAN cannot provide CS-domain services for the UE, we can use CS fallback to UTRAN to provide CS-domain service for the UE.
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Benefits We can use CS fallback to UTRAN to provide CS-domain service for the UE which is camped in the E-UTRAN that cannot provide any CS-domain service for the UE.
Description The CS fallback in EPS enables the provisioning of CS-domain services by reuse of CS infrastructure when the UE is served by E-UTRAN. A CS fallback enabled terminal, connected to E-UTRAN may use UTRAN to establish one or more CS-domain services. This function is only available in case E-UTRAN coverage is overlapped by UTRAN coverage. CS fallback and IMS-based services shall be able to co-exist in the same operator's network. The CS fallback in EPS function is realized by using the SGs interface mechanism between the MSC Server and the MME. Figure 1-3 CS fallback in EPS architecture
The MGW is not shown in the figure since the CS fallback in EPS does not have any impacts to the U-plane handling.
Enhancement
In eRAN6.0 eNodeB can perform circuit switched (CS) fallback to Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) cells based on UMTS cell load information, which is shared with LTE cells by using the RAN Information Management (RIM) procedure. Cell load information shared by a radio network controller (RNC) with an eNodeB is used in target cell selection for CS fallback. This increases the success rate of CS fallback to the universal terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN), prevents unnecessary delay and signaling overhead, and improves user experience.
Dependency
UE UE needs to support CSFB.
Other features This feature depends on LOFD-001019 PS Inter-RAT Mobility between E-UTRAN and UTRAN.
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Others
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eRAN Optional Feature Description
1 Voice & Other Services
Target load based CS fallback to UTRAN requires core network and RNC support RIM-based load information transfer to eUTRAN.
1.4.2 LOFD-070202 Ultra-Flash CSFB to UTRAN Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN7.0
applicable to Micro from eRAN7.0
applicable to LampSite from eRAN7.0
Summary This feature applies to areas where UMTS and LTE networks are deployed and LTE networks do not support VoIP services. When a UE initiates a CS service setup request in an LTE cell, this feature enables the RNC to prepare CS resources before a CS fallback through the SRVCC handover procedure. This shortens the access delay for the CS fallback and improves user experience.
Benefits This feature shortens the access delay for CS fallbacks by around 1 second and improves user experience.
Description This feature works as follows: 1.
When a UE initiates a CS service setup request in an LTE cell, the eNodeB triggers an LTE-to-UMTS SRVCC handover.
2.
Upon identifying the proprietary SRVCC-based CS fallback procedure, the CN sends the RNC a RELOCATION REQUEST message that includes parameter indications instructing the RNC to prepare CS resources before a CS fallback.
3.
Based on the indications, the RNC prepares the required CS resources. The RNC then performs special operations to ensure that the CS fallback succeeds.
4.
After the CS fallback, the UE and CN skip the authentication and encryption procedures required by the standard CS fallback procedure.
Figure 1-4 illustrates how this feature works.
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eRAN Optional Feature Description
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Figure 1-4 Working principle of CSFB based on SRVCC
Enhancement None
Dependency
eNodeB None
UE UEs must support the LTE-to-UMTS SRVCC handover procedure.
Transport Network None
CN The MME and MSC are provided by Huawei and both support this feature.
OSS None
Other Features This feature requires the following features:
−
LOFD-001033 CS Fallback to UTRAN
−
WRFD-160271 Ultra-Flash CSFB
Others None
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1.4.3 LOFD-001052 Flash CS Fallback to UTRAN Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN2.2
applicable to Micro from eRAN3.0
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0
Summary When the RAN Information Management (RIM) procedure is supported by the core network of LTE as well as that of UTRAN, the RAN of LTE as well as that of UTRAN and the UE, Flash CS Fallback will be employed to provide a decreased delay on CS access. Flash CS Fallback is in compliance with 3GPP R9.
Benefits Flash CS Fallback to UTRAN provides a decrease in CS service access delay to promote user experience. About 1 second delay could be reduced compare with normal R8 CS Fallback.
Description RIM procedure is accomplished with the MME and the GSM/UMTS core network nodes to forward the request in a transparent manner to the target GSM/UMTS cell and the target cell encapsulating the SI and sending back to LTE cell. eNodeB can get the system information of the GSM/UMTS neighbor cells with RIM procedure according to 3GPP R9. This information can be sent to UE during CS Fallback procedure so that the system information requiring and updating activities can be omitted or partially omitted and the delay can be reduced for CS Fallback. Whether an UE supports 3GPP R9 or not, it will benefit from employing the Blind CS Fallback strategy, when the blind HO neighbor cells have been configured to a LTE cell. Using the blind HO neighbor cells will definitely decrease the time delay from measurement and SI access.
Enhancement The following adaptive blind CS fallback function has been introduced in eRAN6.0. In a UMTS+LTE (UL) multi-mode base station, two systems use different antennas. The E-UTRAN cell edge may not be included in the UTRAN cell coverage. If the E-UTRAN frequency band is lower than the UTRAN frequency band, the E-UTRAN cell coverage is greater than the UTRAN cell coverage. In this scenario, eRAN6.0 introduces adaptive blind CS fallback. With this function, an eNodeB performs blind-handover-based CS fallback and measurement-based CS fallback for cell center users (CCUs) and cell edge users (CEUs), respectively. This saves the inter-RAT measurement time for CCUs and increases the CS fallback success rate for CEUs, both reducing the CS fallback delay. None
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eRAN Optional Feature Description
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Dependency
UE Require R9 UE to support RIM procedure.
CN R9 compliant CN to support RIM procedure.
Other features LOFD-001033 CS Fallback to UTRAN.
Others UTRAN also needs to support RIM procedure.
1.4.4 LOFD-001068 CS Fallback with LAI to UTRAN Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN3.0
applicable to Micro from eRAN3.0
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0
Summary By using new defined LAI IE, the optimized CSFB process of eNodeB can avoid unnecessary LAU and reduce the CSFB E2E latency For the LTE-only operators of whom CSFB must rely on the other UMTS operator, the optimized CSFB process of eNodeB can also avoid the wrong PLMN selecting in such Multi-PLMN scenario.
Benefits When LTE to UMTS CS fallback happens, this feature could reduce the possibility of Location Area Update (LAU) during fallback. So that the CS fallback delay due to unnecessary LAU is reduced. In Multi-PLMN scenario this feature could avoid CSFB fail due to the PLMN updating.
Description In the coexistence scenario of GUL, The operator make MME and 3G MSC combined attach policy when MME receive the UE's attach request for any GUL/UL terminal because MME doesn't know the capability of UE; MME also maintains the mapping relation between the TA and LA, the LA belongs to the attached 3G MSC; MME sends the LA to eNodeB through the new defined LAI IE of S1AP, eNodeB can select the proper RAT and neighbor cell with it. Target cell selection is optimized to avoid unnecessary LAU, which reduced the CSFB E2E latency. For the LTE-only operators, their CSFB must rely on the other UMTS operators, The optimized CSFB process of eNodeB can also avoid the wrong PLMN selecting in such Multi-PLMN scenario and avoid CSFB fail due to the PLMN updating.
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eRAN Optional Feature Description
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Enhancement None
Dependency
UE UE supports R8 or R9 CSFB.
CN MME needs to support the LAI IE.
Other features LOFD-001033 CS Fallback to UTRAN.
1.4.5 LOFD-001088 CS Fallback Steering to UTRAN Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN6.0
applicable to Micro from eRAN6.0
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0
Summary Huawei eNodeB supports CS fallback flexible steering based on the UE state, to select first target radio access technology (RAT) as UTRAN, target UTRAN frequency priorities, and different CS fallback mechanism priorities for UE in each state.
Benefits This feature allows the UE in idle and active state have separate CS fallback strategy. The strategy allows the UE to select UTRAN as first priority, based on network load of UTRAN to define UTRAN frequency priority, and select different CS fallback mechanisms for UE in different state.
Description CS fallback flexible steering is performed based on UE states, which are idle (supporting CS only) and active (supporting CS+PS). For each state, CS fall back behavior could be defined as following:
Set UTRAN as first priority of RAT at CS fallback.
Set priorities of UTRAN frequencies, such as different priorities for R99 and HSPA frequencies.
Set priorities of CS fallback mechanisms, including PS handover, PS redirection, and flash CS fallback.
After selecting the target RAT, to use blind CSFB or CSFB with measurement is a common setting for the cell, which is not separated for UE states.
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eRAN Optional Feature Description
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Enhancement None
Dependency
Other features LOFD-001033 CS Fallback to UTRAN and LOFD-001078 E-UTRAN to UTRAN CS/PS Steering.
1.5 CSFB to GERAN 1.5.1 LOFD-001034 CS Fallback to GERAN Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN2.0
applicable to Micro from eRAN3.0
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0
Summary When UE is in the E-UTRAN and GERAN coverage overlapped area and E-UTRAN cannot provide CS-domain services for the UE, we can use CS fallback to GERAN to provide CS-domain service for the UE.
Benefits We can use CS fallback to GERAN to provide CS-domain service for the UE which is camped in the E-UTRAN that cannot provide any CS-domain service for the UE.
Description The CS fallback in EPS enables the provisioning of CS-domain services by reuse of CS infrastructure when the UE is served by E-UTRAN. A CS fallback enabled terminal, connected to E-UTRAN may use GERAN to establish one or more CS-domain services. This function is only available in case E-UTRAN coverage is overlapped by GERAN coverage. CS fallback and IMS-based services shall be able to co-exist in the same operator's network. The CS fallback in EPS function is realized by using the SGs interface mechanism between the MSC Server and the MME.
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eRAN Optional Feature Description
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Figure 1-5 CS fallback in EPS architecture
The MGW is not shown in the figure since the CS fallback in EPS does not have any impacts to the U-plane handling other RAT neighboring relations inside the LTE eNodeB
Establishes E-UTRAN -> other RAT mobility constraints (for example, operator mobility limitation policy)
The Inter-RAT ANR process is described as follow:
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Figure 4-2 Inter-RAT ANR function
The eNodeB serving cell A has an ANR function. During a normal call procedure, the eNodeB instructs each UE to perform measurements and detect cells on other RATs. The eNodeB may use different policies for instructing the UE to perform measurements and then to report them to the eNodeB.
The eNodeB instructs the UE to search neighboring cells in the target RATs. The eNodeB may need to schedule appropriate gaps periods to allow the UE to scan all cells in the target RATs/frequencies.
The UE reports the Phy-CID (Physical Cell ID) of the detected cells in the target RATs and their respective signal quality. The carrier frequency and Primary Scrambling Code (PSC) define the Phy-CID in case of UTRAN cell, and the Band Indicator + BSIC + BCCH ARFCN in case of GERAN cell.
When the eNodeB receives UE's report containing Phy-CIDs of cells that are not already in Inter-RAT neighbor lists of that cell, the following sequence may be used:
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−
The eNodeB instructs the UE to use the newly discovered Phy-CID as parameter and read the Global-CID of the detected neighboring cell in the target RAT. The eNodeB may need to schedule appropriate idle periods to allow the UE to read the Global-CID from the broadcast channel of the detected neighboring cell.
−
When the UE has read the new cell's Global-CID, it reports the detected Global-CID to the serving cell eNodeB.
−
The eNodeB updates its Inter-RAT neighbor lists.
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The eNodeB also supports inter-RAT periodic ANR. During inter-RAT periodic ANR procedures, the eNodeB selects UEs to participate in periodic ANR and sets the reporting purpose to "reportStrongestCellsForSON" for the UEs. Then, the UEs will send measurement results periodically. If a UE reports an unknown layer-1 cell identity (such as a PCI, PSC, or BSIC), the eNodeB instructs the UE to measure and report the CGI of the corresponding cell. Inter-RAT periodic ANR improves handover performance. The eNodeB supports inter-RAT event-triggered ANR. It is implemented as follows:
Event-triggered ANR with GERAN: If a UE includes an unknown base transceiver station identity code (BSIC) of a GERAN cell in a handover measurement report sent to an eNodeB, the eNodeB instructs the UE to measure and report the cell global identification (CGI) of the GERAN cell.
Event-triggered ANR with UTRAN or CDMA2000: If the conditions for triggering a handover event are met for a UE, the eNodeB sets the reporting purpose to "reportStrongestCellsForSON" for the UE, instructing the UE to report the cell with the strongest signal strength. Then, if the UE reports an unknown UTRAN or CDMA2000 cell, the eNodeB instructs the UE to measure and report the CGI of the cell.
In eRAN2.1
Enhancement The Inter-RAT ANR feature is enhanced with the following administration functions: 1.
Setting: user can enable or disable the feature or sub-function such as periodic Inter-RAT HO function in Inter-RAT HO
2.
Log: records the key event during the SON process and this information can be used for query and statistical. Operator can also analyze the log information to master the feature running process and key event.
In eRAN6.0 This feature is enhanced with the following functions: When the serving cell of a UE and an acquired shared cell are managed by the same OSS, the serving cell can obtain the serving PLMN list of the acquired cell under the assistance of the OSS if the UE cannot report the serving PLMN list or the acquired cell does not broadcast the list. Inter-RAT ANR can be triggered by L2U/G load balancing to add an L2U/G neighbor (Micro is only support L2U load balancing).
In eRAN7.0 This feature is enhanced with the following functions: Optimized automatic neighbor relation removal: If the NRT configuration has reached the maximum specifications and a new neighbor relationship needs to be added to the NRT, the eNodeB removes a relationship with a neighboring cell that is not measured or to which no handover has been triggered within a measurement period, and then adds the new neighbor relationship to the NRT. Automatic setting of blind handover priorities for inter-RAT neighboring cells: An eNodeB can automatically identify co-coverage neighboring UTRAN or GERAN cells based on handover-related measurement results and configure or update blind handover priorities.
Dependency
eNodeB None
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eCO None
UE The UE must support this feature
Transport Network None
CN None
OSS This feature depends on OSS feature WOFD-181400 Inter-RAT Automatic Neighbor Relation Optimization -LTE.
Other Features None
Others None
4.1.3 LOFD-002004 Self-configuration Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN1.0
applicable to Micro from eRAN3.0
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0
Summary The eNodeB can automatically establish an OM link, obtain the configuration data file and software from the EMS, and then activate the configuration data file and software automatically. The configuration data file contains radio parameters and transport parameters. Finally, the eNodeB performs a self-test and reports the test result to the EMS. The eNodeB can be trigged automatically by the U2000 or LMT to launch a comprehensive self-test after the software and configuration data file are downloaded. After the test is complete, the U2000 or LMT can obtain a test report.
Benefits Except hardware installation, no other manual operation needs to be performed by field engineers for the eNodeB startup for the first time.
Description When the eNodeB is powered on, it obtains the data needed to establish the OM link, such as the IP address, subnet mask, IP address of the EMS, and IP address of the security gateway, through the DHCP server. If transport network DHCP server cannot provide these information, the info must be input into the eNodeBs before installation (in storehouse or other convenient place) or through a USB stick (the USB stick is not special for site but public for many sites) by field engineers. Issue 01 (2015-01-15)
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When the OM link is established successfully, the eNodeB downloads and activates the configuration data file and software automatically according to the instruction from the EMS. Then, the eNodeB performs a self-test to ensure that it is ready to provide services and reports the test result to the EMS. For Micro eNodeB, if PPPoE is used for transport authentication, then the PPPoE account info must be pre-configured into the eNodeB before installation (in storehouse or other convenient place) or through USB stick by field engineers. After the software and configuration data file are downloaded, the U2000 or LMT can launches a comprehensive self-test procedure on the eNodeB. After the test is complete, the U2000 or LMT obtains a test report, indicating the eNodeB status. The test report contains the following contents:
eNodeB basic information, such as type, name
Software version information
Board status information, such as information about the baseband and RF units
Transport status information ( physical layer and link layer)
Cell status
Enhancement
In eRAN2.0, The eNodeB can establish an IPsec link with the security gateway automatically during the self-configuration procedure. If the eNodeB is equipped with a GPS device, it can report geographical information (from the GPS device) to the EMS, and the EMS will identify the eNodeB automatically by comparing the received geographical information with the predefined geographical information. Automatic transport setup is supported. The eNodeB has three types of transport-related interfaces: S1 interface, X2 interface, and OM channel interface. Accordingly, the eNodeB provides three automatic transport setup processes: S1 setup, X2 setup, and OM channel setup. The general network topology is shown in the following figure.
In eRAN2.1 A barcode of eNodeBID (In eRAN3.0,DID is used instead of eNodeBID)can be scanned into eNodeB by a barcode reader connected to the USB port of the MPT. The scanned eNodeBID can be send to EMS, so EMS will identify the eNodeB automatically.
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Figure 4-3 general network topology
In eRAN2.1 The eNodeB has parameters pre-configured in factory or other places before the installation, such as the MAC address, local OM IP, and unique ID. All these parameters need not be set or modified manually. The automatic transport setup procedure is as follows:
1.
When the eNodeB is powered on, it negotiates automatically the transport layer 1/2 (PHY/MAC) parameters, such as duplex mode, with the peer device. The peer device can be a LAN switch, router, or another eNodeB.
2.
The eNodeB is able to get VLAN ID of peer devices (switch, router) by VLAN scanning. So the peer devices could receive the data from eNodeB correctly.
3.
The eNodeB receives the OM channel parameters from the DHCP server, such as the Internet IP address, Network Element Management (NEM) IP address, and SeGW IP address and operator CA information (e.g. name, IP address, protocol type).
4.
Based on the operator's CA information, eNodeB is able to retrieve operator certificate from CA using CMPv2 protocol. The certificate is used for SSL and IPsec certification later.
5.
The eNodeB establishes an IPsec tunnel with the SeGW, obtains the Internal IP address, and then establishes the OM channel with the NEM.
6.
After the software and configuration file are downloaded and installed, the eNodeB receives the necessary transport parameters of the S1 interface from the NEM, such as the eNodeB traffic IP address and MME SCTP IP.
7.
The eNodeB starts the S1 interface self-configuration procedure and establishes the S1 link. This feature also includes the X2 interface auto setup function of the Automatic Neighbor Relation feature. When the network is launched, the eNodeB can find out its new neighboring site, which is not configured as neighboring site. After receiving necessary transport data from the U2000 or core network, the eNodeB establishes the X2 link with this new neighboring site automatically. eNodeB is able to get VLAN ID of peer devices (switch, router) by VLAN scanning. So the peer devices could receive the data from eNodeB correctly.
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Based on the operator's CA (Certificate Authority) information, eNodeB is able to retrieve operator certificate from CA using CMPv2 protocol. The certificate is used for SSL and IPsec certification later. Based on the configuration of DHCP server, eNodeB is able to request OM IP address from either DHCP server or NMS.
In eRAN3.0 eNodeB supports automatic obtaining and configuring IPv6 transport information through OAM. This function is only applicable to Macro eNodeB. eNodeB supports X2 interface auto setup function of the Automatic Neighbor Relation feature under IPv6. This function is applicable to Macro eNodeB. eNodeB supports X2 interface auto setup with IPsec protection on X2 interface links. eNodeB supports to obtain SGW's IP address for MME when one service is set up. After eNodeB obtains SGW's IP address from the signaling between MME and eNodeB, eNodeB auto-configured S1-U interface.
Dependency
Other features The X2 interface automatic setup function in this feature depends on LOFD-002001 Automatic Neighbour Relation (ANR).
4.1.4 LOFD-002007 PCI Collision Detection & Self-Optimization Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN2.0
applicable to Micro from eRAN3.0
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0
Summary This feature detects Physical Cell Identity (PCI) conflict automatically, and the cell has an incorrect PCI will be assigned with a proper PCI from EMS.
Benefits This feature decreases operating cost in PCI conflict detection & PCI conflict solving operation.
Description PCI is an essential configuration parameter to E-UTRAN cells. It corresponds to a unique combination of one orthogonal sequence (PSS) and one pseudo-random sequence (SSS). PCI affects DL synchronization, demodulation, reselection, and handover. In LTE, there are 504 PCIs can be used, PCI reuse is allowed among different cells. But two cells that share same PCI cannot be geographically close and do not cause mutual interference.
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Each LTE cell should be assigned a proper PCI for transmitting data between cells. PCI assignment must meet the following conditions:
Collision-free: The PCI is unique in a certain geographical area.
Confusion-free: A cell must not have neighboring cells with identical PCI.
PCI collision and PCI confusion are both PCI conflict, which will deteriorate network performance. Manual operation, ANR, and X2 interaction may cause changes in configuration parameters, thereby causing PCI conflict. Whenever a new neighbor relationship is added to eNodeB, PCI/DL EARFCN of any local cell is changed, or PCI/DL EARFCN of any neighboring cell is changed, PCI conflict detection procedure will be triggered to check possible PCI conflict. PCI conflict is solved by PCI Self-optimization implemented in EMS. In order to allocate the optimal PCI for conflicting cell, engineering information (longitude, latitude, azimuth) and neighboring cell information are taken into account. As for eNodeB, if engineering information (longitude, latitude, and azimuth) is unavailable, the algorithms can also allocate an optimal PCI for conflicting cells by merely considering its neighboring cells' PCI information. PCI self-optimization consists of two procedures, PCI optimization analysis and PCI optimization result implementation. PCI optimization analysis is used to calculate a proper PCI for conflicting cells and PCI optimization result implementation is used to modify the PCI of the conflicting cells according to the PCI optimization result. There are 2 modes to start PCI optimization analysis:
Immediate & automatic analysis: The EMS will calculate new PCIs for conflicting cells as soon as possible.
Periodic & automatic analysis: The EMS will calculate new PCIs for conflicting cells at a cycle time basis.
Only when newly assigned PCI is delivered to conflicting cell, the PCI conflict is solved. The newly assigned PCI can be configured in three manners:
Immediate & automatic delivery: The EMS delivers the new PCI to the eNodeB as soon as it is generated by PCI optimization analysis.
Scheduled & automatic delivery: The EMS delivers the new PCI at a regular basis.
Manually confirmed delivery: The EMS will generate a notice for confirmation before delivering the PCI to the eNodeB. Operator can change the suggested PCI, and decide whether to deliver the newly assigned PCI.
Key events can be queried in SON log, which are recorded when:
PCI conflict appears or disappears
PCI optimization analysis starts or stops
PCI optimization advice is delivered
eRAN2.1
Enhancement PCI collision detection is enhanced with self-optimization implemented in EMS to solve the detected collisions. In order to allocate the optimal candidate PCI for the whole network, and to minimize the interference among neighboring cells, the site engineering
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information (longitude, latitude, azimuth), GCI, and neighboring cell list are taken into the PCI assignment. For Micro eNodeB, if the above information cannot be provided, the algorithms also can allocate the optimal candidate PCI for the micro cell base on its neighboring cells' PCI information. The neighboring cells' information of the micro eNodeB can be discovered by the sniffer or ANR. The new assigned PCI can be configured in three manners: 1.
Immediate & Automatic delivery: The EMS will deliver the new PCIs to the eNodeB as soon as it is generated.
2.
Regular & Automatic delivery: The EMS will deliver the new PCI at a cycle time basis.
3.
Manually confirmed delivery: The EMS will generate a notice for confirmation before delivery to the eNodeB. The PCI Collision Detection & Self-Optimization feature is enhanced with the following maintenance functions:
1.
Policy setting: Operator can set up some policy of the feature, such as the optimization analysis mode. Break point: operator can set up break points to increase the control capability on the feature. The algorithm can be stopped at the break points and operator confirmation is needed for the process continuity.
2.
Log: records the key event during the SON process and this information can be used for query and statistics. Operator can also analyze the log information to learn about the feature running process and key event.
eRAN7.0 PCI self-optimization is enhanced with the following maintenance functions:
1.
Site engineering information import function. If the engineering information is not completely or correctly configured in eNodeB, users can import this information through U2000 so that U2000 can get enough engineering information for PCI optimization.
2.
Available PCI range import function. In network border area, the U2000 cannot obtain the PCI information of cells in the other side of the border, after PCI optimization, the U2000 cannot guarantee that new PCI will not introduce new PCI conflict. In eRAN7.0, operator can negotiate available PCI range between different vendors or different operators and import the range into the U2000 to perform PCI optimization. By doing this, new PCI conflict in border area can be avoided.
3.
Select conflicted cell base on user-defined priority and PCI modification time. Another two facts will be considered in eRAN7.0 to select conflicted cell for implementing PCI modification, user-defined priority and PCI modification time. Users can define the priority of each cell with any of the following 3 values: "High", "Low", "Not allowed to modify", U2000 will select a cell with a high priority to perform PCI optimization. If the cell is defined as "Not allowed to modify", the U2000 cannot implement any PCI optimization to this cell. Users can configure the threshold for PCI modification time, if cell PCI modification time is less than this threshold, it will be considered as new cell, which will have a higher priority than old cell to implement PCI optimization.
eRAN8.1 The PCI collision detection is enhanced in the following aspect: ECGI measurements can now be triggered by low handover success rates. The measurements help detect the unknown neighboring cells whose PCIs conflict with the PCIs of other neighboring cells. PCI conflict detection is triggered during ANR procedures for adding the detected cells.
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Dependency
eNodeB None
eCO None
UE None
Transport Network None
CN None
OSS This feature depends on OSS feature WOFD-170200 Automatic PCI Optimization -LTE.
Other Features None
Others None
4.1.5 LOFD-081225 Neighbor Cell Classification Management Availability This feature is
Applicable to Macro from eRAN8.1.
Applicable to Micro from eRAN8.1.
Applicable to Lampsite from eRAN8.1.
Summary This feature allows classification of intra-RAT neighbor relationships based on the statistics of neighbor relationships and applies different management policies to different classes of neighbor relationships. This feature helps increase the neighbor relationship management efficiency and improve operator's OM experience.
Benefits This feature generates the automatic classification results of neighbor relationships and increases the OM efficiency of neighbor relationships.
Description In the intra- and inter-frequency neighboring relation table (NRT), a new attribute "NcellClassLabel" is added to classify the neighbor relationships into "Formal" and "Extended" ones. The eNodeB collects the number of handover attempts from the local cell to a neighboring cell within a measurement period and automatically sets this attribute for the neighbor relationship. Based on this attribute, operators can prioritize neighboring cells and the eNodeB adopts differentiated policies for neighboring cells.
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In a handover to a neighboring cell with this attribute set to "Formal", the UE is handed over directly based on the NRT configuration. In a handover to a neighboring cell with this attribute set to "Extended", the UE is handed over based on the ECGI reading results. If two intra-frequency neighboring cells share one PCI, then:
If the attribute values of the two cells are both "Formal" or "Formal" and "Extended", the local cell needs to perform PCI confusion detection on these neighboring cells.
If the attribute values of the two cells are "Extended", the local cell does not perform PCI confusion detection on these neighboring cells.
The function of setting the attribute "NcellClassLabel" based on the number of handover attempts and the function of selecting the target cell based on the attribute "NcellClassLabel" require the LOFD-002001 Automatic Neighbour Relation (ANR) feature. The function of PCI confusion detection based on the attribute "NcellClassLabel" requires the LOFD-002007 PCI Collision Detection & Self-Optimization feature.
Enhancement None
Dependency
eNodeB None
eCO None
UE This feature requires support from the UE.
Transport Network None
CN None
OSS None
Other Features None
Others None
4.2 SON Self-Optimization 4.2.1 LOFD-001032 Intra-LTE Load Balancing Availability This feature is
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applicable to Macro from eRAN2.0
applicable to Micro from eRAN3.0
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0
Summary This feature resolves load imbalances between the serving cell and its inter-frequency neighboring cells.
Benefits This feature achieves better utilization of network resources and increases system capacity. In addition, it reduces the probability of system overload and increases access success rates.
Description Intra-LTE Load Balancing is recommended in commercial LTE networks with multiple LTE frequencies where one frequency has a higher load but other frequencies have lower load. After this feature is enabled, a local cell measures its own cell load If the local cell load exceeds a preset threshold, the eNodeB of the local cell will collect neighboring cell load information. If a neighboring cell's load is lower than a threshold, the eNodeB to which the local cell belongs will decide whether to hand over some UEs to the lower loaded neighboring cell. The cell load is represented by the physical resource block (PRB) usage, as defined in 3GPP TS 36.314. The load balancing procedure consists of the following activities: load measurement and evaluation, load information exchange, load balancing decision, load balancing execution and performance monitoring. Intra-LTE Load Balancing is used in scenarios where inter-frequency LTE cells have highly overlapping coverage. Blind load balancing is supported for the scenarios where no X2 interface is available or the X2 interface does not support load information exchange.
Enhancement
In eRAN7.0 Frequency priority based MLB is supported. Blind load balancing is applicable to scenarios where no X2 interface is available or the X2 interface does not support load information exchange.
Dependency None.
4.2.2 LOFD-070215 Intra-LTE User Number Load Balancing Availability This feature is
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applicable to Micro from eRAN7.0
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN7.0
Summary This feature resolves user number load imbalances between cells and frequencies and makes load sharing on control panel resource.
Benefits This feature achieves better utilization of network resources and balance user number to reduce the probability of burst traffic.
Description Intra-LTE User Number Load Balancing contains connected mode and idle mode. It is recommended in commercial LTE networks with multiple LTE frequencies where one frequency has a higher user number but other frequencies have lower user number. For connected mode, serving cell measures its own cell user number, if the number exceeds a preset threshold, the serving cell will send handover request to the neighboring cells which shall acknowledge or reject handover judged by their own user number load. For idle mode, users in normal RRC release procedure can be released to different frequency on configured proportion, by using Dedicated Priority within RRC Connection Release message. This function can precisely distribute idle users to different frequency as operators wish. Blind load balancing is supported for the scenarios where no X2 interface is available or the X2 interface does not support load information exchange. Intra-LTE User Number Load Balancing is used in scenarios where inter-frequency LTE cells have highly overlapping coverage.
Enhancement None
Dependency None
4.2.3 LOFD-081227 Intra-LTE Load Balancing for Non-cosited Cells Availability This feature is
Applicable to Macro from eRAN8.1.
Applicable to Micro from eRAN8.1.
Applicable to Lampsite from eRAN8.1.
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Summary This feature provides the following two functions:
Event-A2-triggered frequency-priority-based inter-frequency handovers
Event-A5-triggered load-based inter-frequency handovers
Benefits This feature brings the following benefits to improve the inter-frequency mobility load balancing (MLB) performance in non-cosited scenarios:
Increases the peak throughput of UEs in lightly loaded cells
Improves the spectral efficiency
Description This feature provides the following two functions:
Event-A2-triggered frequency-priority-based inter-frequency handovers When a UE initially accesses a cell, a UE is handed over to the cell, or the RRC connection of the UE is reestablished to the cell, the eNodeB delivers A2-related measurement configuration to the UE. When the UE reports event A2 and PRB-usage-based inter-frequency MLB or user-number-based inter-frequency MLB is not triggered in the target cell of a frequency-priority-based handover, the eNodeB performs a handover and transfers this UE to this cell. In scenarios where inter-frequency neighboring cells that are configured with different bandwidths are located in different sites, cells with smaller bandwidths can choose cells with larger bandwidths as target cells for frequency-priority-based handovers. When the cell load is light, UEs that are not located in the site center of small-bandwidth cells can be handed over to large-bandwidth cells, improving the peak throughput of UEs.
Event-A5-triggered load-based inter-frequency handovers PRB-usage-based inter-frequency MLB and user-number-based inter-frequency MLB supports frequency-specific measurement configurations for event A4 or A5 that triggers load-based inter-frequency handovers. In scenarios where inter-frequency neighboring cells are not located in the same site, the eNodeB initiates handovers based on event A5. In this way, UEs that are not located in the site center are selected for MLB, improving the Uu interface performance of UEs after MLB and the spectral efficiency.
Enhancement None
Dependency
Other features LOFD-001032 Intra-LTE Load Balancing LOFD-070215 Intra-LTE User Number Load Balancing
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4.2.4 LOFD-001044 Inter-RAT Load Sharing to UTRAN Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN2.0
applicable to Micro from eRAN3.0
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0
Summary In an LTE and UMTS co-coverage scenario, this feature can transfer load from an E-TURAN cell to neighboring UTRAN cells when the load status of the E-UTRAN cell is high.
Benefits This feature achieves better utilization of network resources of LTE and UMTS network and it is based on UE capability. In addition, it reduces the probability of system overload and increases the access success rate.
Description In a commercial LTE network, LTE cells have high load because of the differentia of UE services. In this situation, MLB is triggered to share traffic load to UMTS. An LTE cell measures and evaluates its cell load. Then it decides whether to transfer some UEs to neighboring UTRAN cells. The triggering variable of inter-RAT MLB can be the PRB usage, number of UEs, or either of them. If the triggering variable is PRB usage, an eNodeB triggers PRB-usage-based MLB to UTRAN when the PRB usage of a cell and the number of RRC_CONNECTED UEs in the cell meet certain conditions. In this case, the eNodeB transfers some RRC_CONNECTED UEs and idle UEs to neighboring UTRAN cells through handover and redirection, respectively. A UE in the RRC connection release procedure is regarded as an idle UE. If the triggering variable is the number of UEs, an eNodeB triggers user-number-based MLB to UTRAN when the number of RRC_CONNECTED UEs in a cell meets certain conditions. In this case, the eNodeB transfers some RRC_CONNECTED UEs to neighboring UTRAN cells through handover. If the triggering variable is either the PRB usage or the number of UEs, the eNodeB triggers the corresponding type of MLB to UTRAN when the PRB usage or the number of UEs meets certain conditions. The MLB to UTRAN procedure includes the following steps: load measurement and evaluation, load balance triggering, load information exchange (optional), target cell/frequency selection, UE selection, UE dedicated priority update (optional), and load transfer. This feature is used in the LTE and UMTS co-coverage scenarios.
Enhancement
eRAN2.1 The Inter-RAT Load Sharing to UTRAN feature is enhanced with the following administration functions: Operators can enable or disable the Inter-RAT Load Sharing to UTRAN function.
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Inter-RAT Load Sharing to UTRAN for UEs releasing to Idle Mode is introduced. When the number of UEs in an LTE cell and the PRB usage of an LTE cell are both higher than the thresholds, eNodeB will select some UEs in normal RRC Release procedure to re-select and camp on UMTS, by using Dedicated Priority contained RRC Connection Release message.
eRAN7.0 Frequency-priority-based MLB is supported.
eRAN8.1 User-number-based MLB to UTRAN is now supported. In a scenario where the number of UEs in a cell is large but the PRB usage of a cell is small, user-number-based MLB can be triggered when the number of RRC_CONNECTED UEs in the cell meets certain conditions.
Dependency
eNodeB None
UE None
Transport network None
CN None
OSS None
Other features LOFD-001019 PS Inter-RAT Mobility between E-UTRAN and UTRAN
Others None
4.2.5 LOFD-001045 Inter-RAT Load Sharing to GERAN Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN2.0
not applicable to Micro
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0
Summary This feature applies when E-UTRAN and GERAN have the same coverage area and E-UTRAN is highly loaded.
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Benefits This feature increases resource usage, provides QoS guarantee, reduces the probability of system overload, and decreases service drop rates.
Description When an E-UTRAN cell is highly loaded, this feature is triggered to transfer traffic load to GERAN cells. The E-UTRAN cell measures and evaluates cell loads. Then, it decides whether to hand over some UEs to neighboring cells. If the E-UTRAN cell load is higher than a predefined threshold, load balancing is triggered. The cell load is represented by the PRB usage according to 3GPP TS 36.314. This feature applies only to UEs in connected mode. The load balancing procedure includes the following phases: load measurement and evaluation, triggering of load balancing, selection of candidate UEs, and handover execution. This feature requires that E-UTRAN and GERAN have the same coverage area.
Enhancement
In eRAN2.1, This feature can be enabled or disabled by users.
Dependency
Other features This feature requires LOFD-001020 PS Inter-RAT Mobility between E-UTRAN and GERAN.
4.2.6 LOFD-002005 Mobility Robust Optimization (MRO) Availability This feature is
Applicable to Macro from eRAN2.0.
Applicable to Micro form eRAN3.0.
Applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0.
Summary MRO aims to reduce intra-RAT/inter-RAT ping-pong handovers, premature handovers, delayed handovers, intra-RAT handovers to wrong cells, and unnecessary inter-RAT handovers. It is implemented by optimizing the typical mobility control parameters.
Benefits This feature provides the following benefits:
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Reducing intra-RAT/inter-RAT ping-pong handovers, premature handovers, delayed handovers, intra-RAT handovers to wrong cells, and unnecessary inter-RAT handovers
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Saving labor cost for typical and common mobility optimization scenarios
Description This feature reduces intra-RAT/inter-RAT ping-pong handovers, premature handovers, delayed handovers, intra-RAT handovers to wrong cells, and unnecessary inter-RAT handovers in different scenarios:
Ping-pong handovers, handovers to wrong cells, premature handovers, and delayed handovers of intra-LTE scenarios The major MRO parameter adjustment are the CIO (Cell Individual Offset) of event A3 for intra-frequency MRO, CIO of event A3/A4 and measurement threshold of event A2 for inter-frequency MRO. Both premature and delayed handovers are captured at the source eNodeB. Only outgoing handover failures are captured. There is no need to capture incoming handovers. CIO offset is adjusted automatically by steps according to the number of abnormal handovers in a certain period. CIO offset explicitly declares the handover threshold between measurement results of signaling quality from both source and target cells. Hence, changing the CIO offset will shift ahead or delay the happening of handovers. The reduction of ping-pong handovers exploits the UE History Information that is passed from the source eNodeB to the target eNodeB during the handover preparation. When the UE History Information is received, the target eNodeB identifies ping-pong if the second newest cell's GCI is equal to that of the target cell and the time spent in the source cell is less than a ping-pong time threshold. Ping-pong is corrected by decreasing the Cell Individual Offset, thereby delaying handovers. In the intra-frequency scenario, there is a UE specific ping-pong handover reduction algorithm. If the UE is identified under ping-pong handover, specific CIO parameter is applied for the UE to stop the ping-pong handover.
Ping-pong handovers, premature handovers, delayed handovers, and unnecessary handovers of inter-RAT scenarios Event A2 and B1 measurements thresholds are adjusted for inter-RAT scenarios.
Enhancement
In eRAN2.1 The MRO feature is enhanced with the following administration functions:
−
Feature On/Off Switch: operator can enable or disable the feature
−
Log: records the key event during the MRO process and this information can be used for query and statistic. Operator can also analyze the log to check the feature running status and key events.
In eRAN6.0 UE-level MRO against ping-pong handovers is introduced. The eNodeB identifies ping-pong UEs and sends corresponding UE-level MRO parameters to these UEs. This type of MRO reduces the number of ping-pong handovers, reduces Uu resource usage, and improves quality of experience (QoE) of UEs. The UE-level MRO algorithm is independent of the cell-level MRO algorithm. They are controlled by different switches.
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The maintenance and testing method for inter-RAT MRO is enhanced. The counters related to premature and delayed handovers from E-UTRAN to GERAN have been added. The counters related to premature, delayed, unnecessary, ping-pong handovers from E-UTRAN to UTRAN have been added. Inter-RAT MRO optimizes premature handovers, delayed handovers, and unnecessary handovers.
Dependency
eNodeB For intra-RAT MRO scenarios, X2 interface is needed. For inter-RAT MRO against unnecessary handovers, the UTRAN and GERAN must support unnecessary handover detection (including the RIM procedure) defined by 3GPP Release 10.
eCO None
UE None
Transport Network None
CN None
OSS None
Other Features None
Others None
4.2.7 LOFD-002015 RACH Optimization Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN2.2
applicable to Micro form eRAN3.0
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0
Summary The feature supports the following functions:
Dynamic adjustment of preamble groups
Dynamic assignment of PRACH resources
Optimize the back-off time
PRACH false alarm detection
Root sequence conflict detection
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Benefits The feature improves the performance of random access.
Dynamic adjustment of preamble groups adjusts the ratio between random preambles and dedicated preambles. When the load of contention-based random access is high while the load of non-contention-based random access is low, this feature reduces the preamble collision probability and delay of contention-based random access. When the load of contention-based random access is low while the load of non-contention-based random access is high, this feature reduces the delay of non-contention-based random access.
PRACH resource adjustment is used to adjust RACH resource configuration based on the RACH load in a cell. When the RACH load is high, more RACH resources will be allocated to reduce the preamble collision probability.
PRACH false alarm detection reduces the probability of reporting false alarms.
Root sequence conflict detection is used to detect for root sequence conflict between cells. Based on the detection result, root sequences are replanned to eliminate root sequence conflict and reduce the probability of preamble collision and false alarms reporting.
Description There are 64 PRACH preambles, which are divided into random preambles and dedicated preambles. These two types of preambles are used for contention-based random access and non-contention-based random access, respectively. The eNodeB can detect which part is enough while another part is not enough, and eNodeB can adjust the number of the preamble group dynamically according to the demand. The PRACH configuration index indicates the number and positions of sub-frames which are used to send random access preamble. The eNodeB measures the number of preamble during the period, and eNodeB will adjust the PRACH configuration index to fulfill the demand. If the number of preambles is more than threshold, the PRACH configuration index will be adjusted to indicate more sub-frames, and vice versa. When conflict on PRACH resource detected, eNodeB could send different back-off time indicator to UEs. UE could select a random back-off time based on the back-off time indicator to try access again, so that the chance of conflict again is reduced. The eNodeB detects for false alarms based on the peak value of cross correlation sequence of initially transmitted random preambles and the distance corresponding to the time advance (TA). A preamble will be identified as a false alarm in either of the following conditions:
The peak value of cross correlation sequence of initially transmitted random preambles is smaller than the threshold.
The distance corresponding to the TA is greater than the threshold.
The eNodeB does not send a random access response (RAR) to preambles identified as false alarms. When the serving cell works properly, the eNodeB will report a root sequence conflict alarm if it detects that the serving cell and neighboring cell or the serving cell and an intra-eNodeB cell work on the same uplink frequency and use the same root sequence. Then, the root sequence will be replanned to prevent conflict.
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Enhancement
eRAN8.1 Root sequence conflict detection is added. The eNodeB supports the detection of root sequence conflict between intra-eNodeB cells and between inter-eNodeB cells with X2 links.
Dependency None
4.2.8 LOFD-081207 Specified PCI Group-based Neighboring Cell Management Availability This feature is:
applicable to Macro from eRAN8.1
applicable to Micro from eRAN8.1
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN8.1
Summary When a large number of micro base stations are deployed under a macro base station, dedicated PCI ranges are specified for micro and macro base stations to distinguish common sites from densely deployed sites. The eNodeB adopts different management policies on neighboring cells depending on different PCI ranges. This feature implements handovers between macro and micro base stations based on CGI reading, thereby reducing manual operations, saving operators' costs, and ensuring normal handovers between macro and micro base stations.
Benefits
This feature simplifies PCI planning in scenarios where a large number of micro base stations are deployed.
This feature implements handovers between macro and micro base stations based on CGI reading, thereby preventing handover failures caused by PCI multiplexing of micro base stations.
Description When a large number of micro base stations are deployed under a macro base station, dedicated PCI ranges are specified for micro and macro base stations to distinguish common sites from densely deployed sites. Macro base stations use the PCIs for common sites, and micro base stations use PCIs for densely deployed sites. After UEs report the neighboring cell measurements, the PCIs contained in the measurement reports are used to identify the type of neighboring cells. When the source cell served by a common site detects that its neighboring cells are served by densely deployed sites, a CGI reading procedure is triggered, irrespective of whether its neighboring cells have been configured. Based on CGI reading results, the eNodeB adds or updates neighboring cell configurations and determines whether the handover is complete. In
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this scenario, you can configure cells served by intra-frequency densely deployed sites with the same PCI as neighboring cells for the common site in the neighboring cell list. In this case, PCI confusion check is not required. This feature does not apply to the scenario where both the source cell and its detected neighboring cells are served by the common site or the source cell is served by a densely deployed site.
Enhancement None
Dependency
UE This feature requires support from the UE.
Other features This feature requires LOFD-002001 Automatic Neighbour Relation (ANR) and LOFD-002007 PCI Collision Detection & Self-Optimization.
4.2.9 LOFD-081205 Automatic Congestion Handling Availability This feature is:
applicable to Macro from eRAN8.1
applicable to Micro from eRAN8.1
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN8.1
Summary Based on condition-based adaptive parameter adjustment rules predefined in an eNodeB, the eNodeB periodically determines whether to enable adaptive parameter adjustment for a cell based on the monitored results, including UE number, physical resource block (PRB) usage, and control channel element (CCE) usage on the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in the cell. If the monitored results meet the conditions for parameter adjustments, the eNodeB automatically adjusts parameters to improve network performance.
Benefits This feature provides the following benefits:
In heavy traffic scenarios, the eNodeB automatically adjusts parameters based on predefined rules to improve network performance and user experience.
Adaptive parameter adjustment simplifies network maintenance and reduces manpower costs in heavy traffic scenarios.
Description The eNodeB monitors usage of specified resources, such as the number of admitted users, physical resource blocks (PRBs), and PDCCH control channel elements (CCEs). Based on the
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monitoring results and predefined trigger conditions, the eNodeB decides whether to trigger intelligent optimization functions. The procedure consists of the following three steps: 1.
Data collection The eNodeB periodically collects data required for intelligent optimization functions.
2.
Trigger condition judgment The eNodeB judges the trigger conditions for each intelligent optimization rule of an intelligent optimization function based on the collected data in a period. If a trigger condition applies, the eNodeB implements the specified parameter adjustment. If none of the trigger conditions apply, the current procedure ends and a new procedure starts in the next period.
3.
Parameter adjustments according to intelligent optimization functions The eNodeB adjusts the parameters specified by the intelligent optimization functions whose trigger conditions are met.
With periodic execution of the preceding three operations, this feature helps monitor the network load in a timely manner and automatically performs parameter adjustments to improve network performance. Figure 4-4 Mechanism for handling automatic configuration
Enhancement None
Dependency None
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4.3 SON Self-Healing 4.3.1 LOFD-002010 Sleeping Cell Detection Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN2.0
applicable to Micro from eRAN3.0
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0
Summary Sleeping cell refers to one cell may have some serious problems but no obvious abnormal event or alarm had been triggered. UEs may camp in this cell but they cannot setup any service connection or access into the network. This feature is provided to detect such issues and to notify operator.
Benefits This feature will shorten the time to detect some cell with serious fault problem but not having triggered an alarm yet
Description The sleeping cell detection is a function that an eNodeB can automatically detect faulty cell which cannot provide normal service but eNodeB does not report alarm to EMS, so operator does not know if cell is under sleeping status and cannot solve it in time. eNodeB can detect sleeping cell itself and report alarm to EMS. EMS also can implement an algorithm to detect sleeping cell and generate an alarm. These two ways can be combined together to find sleeping cell more accurately than only by one way. eNodeB uses the connected user measurement method to detect the sleeping cell. eNodeB will count connected user every second. If the user number keeps zero for a given period of time (this time value can be configured), eNodeB will generate an alarm to EMS. EMS will correlate this alarm with some other alarms (for example, the alarm from antenna to which the cell is associated, the alarm from the Tx/Rx channel, etc). This alarm is generated when the eNodeB detects that the cell has no accessing of any user for a long time. After detecting the dormant cell, the eNodeB will deactivate and activate the cell automatically. It is suggested that this feature will be used with EMS sleeping cell detection feature together to get more accurate result.
Enhancement None
Dependency None
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4.3.2 LOFD-002011 Antenna Fault Detection Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN2.0
applicable to Micro from eRAN3.0
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0
Summary The faults on the antenna system and radio frequency (RF) channels are caused by the improper installation of projects when the projects are created, relocated, or optimized. The faults can also be caused by natural or external changes. This feature provides the function of detecting faults on eRAN antennas and enables users to detect and locate antenna faults.
Benefits This feature implements the detection of common antenna faults, thus improving the efficiency and accuracy of fault diagnosis. By using this feature, RF engineers need not use equipment to measure eNodeB on site every time, thus reducing the project cost.
Description The antenna system plays an important role in mobile communications. The performance of the entire network is affected by the following problems:
Improper type or location of the antenna system
Improperly configured parameters of the antenna system
Faulty antenna system
The antenna fault detection system can detect the following faults and raise related alarms: −
Weak received signal
−
Imbalance of received signal between the main and the diversity
−
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) abnormal
Enhancement None
Dependency None
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4.3.3 LOFD-002012 Cell Outage Detection and Compensation Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN2.1
applicable to Micro from eRAN3.0
applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0
Summary Cell Outage Detection and Compensation provides automatic detection of cell outage, and automatic adjustment of mobility related RRM parameters to compensate outage cells. It solves and shortens the duration of cell outage that is a critical situation in the network, especially if there is only one frequency/RAT.
Benefits This feature enables the operators to shorten the duration of the cell outage detection, and to keep subscribers' service in outage cell with best effort.
Description Cell outage is a critical situation, especially if there is only one frequency/RAT. It can cause service failure or great KPI degradation. In other hand, if there are alternative frequencies/RATs, it is preferred to move UEs from the outage cell to these alternative frequencies/RATs by triggering handover process to another frequency or system instead of compensating the coverage of surrounding cells. This feature consists of three functions, which are cell outage detection, RRM compensation and Cell outage recovery.
Cell outage detection:
It consists of real time monitoring of both pre-defined alarms and cell KPI. According to the pre-defined alarms the system will detect whether the cell is out of service or not. The KPI monitoring will help to detect abnormal outage cases that will not trigger alarms through the cell KPI degradation including sleeping cell. Note that this KPI threshold is configurable by operator. In some cases, a cell outage can be detected in short time by checking counters related to eNodeB internal modules. To accelerate the detection process, this feature also supportsthe assisted cell outage detection method. This method is independent to KPI measurement and detects cell outage by checking internal eNodeB counters at an interval of 5 minutes. When the audit result is abnormal, eNodeB reports the result to the U2000, and U2000 determines that cell outage has occurred.
RRM compensation:
This function will adjust the mobility related RRM parameters, so that the UEs can be moved to the surrounding cells for services continuity. And the outage cell will be added into the blacklist to prevent handover/reselection from neighbor cells. The priority for handover triggering is defined by the mobility features to keep the service continuity.
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Cell outage recovery:
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After cell outage detected, the system will recover the cell. After outage recovery, the system will reverse the compensation.
Enhancement
In eRAN3.0 Cell outage is detected mainly based on alarms and abnormal key performance indicators (KPIs). Checking KPIs takes about two measurement periods. Therefore, the time required to detect a cell outage depends on the measurement periods.
In eRAN6.0 Introduce assisted cell outage detection by checking internal eNodeB counters and reporting abnormal audit results. This enhancement helps to quickly and accurately detect cell outages.
In eRAN7.0 KPI accumulation is introduced for low traffic cell outage detection. When the KPIs number of one period is lower than the configured threshold, it will be accumulated to the next period till accumulated KPIs is more than the threshold, and then the system will calculate abnormal KPIs in accumulated periods to detect cell outage. In CODC SON Log, it will register the key KPIs information of Cell outage detection and Cell outage recovery for operator observation and analysis. Customized KPI is introduced for cell outage detection. users can customize the observed KPI and detection rules as abnormal judgment rule and recovery condition. Frequency of abnormal KPI occurrence is also introduced for judgment condition. RRU failure detection is introduced, if eNodeB found RRU has unavailable fault (eg: RF channel failures, link failure), it will reported to U2000, and CODC GUI will present the RRU failure information. Which can help detect the abnormal RRU in SFN scenario.
Dependency
OSS This feature depends on OSS feature WOFD-171000 Cell Outage Detection and Recovery -LTE.
Other features LOFD-001019 PS Inter-RAT Mobility between E-UTRAN and UTRAN or LOFD-001020 PS Inter-RAT Mobility between E-UTRAN and GERAN or LOFD-001021 PS Inter-RAT Mobility between E-UTRAN and CDMA2000
4.4 Power Saving 4.4.1 LOFD-001025 Adaptive Power Consumption Availability This feature is
Applicable to Macro from eRAN2.0.
Applicable to Micro from eRAN8.1.
Applicable to LampSite from eRAN8.1.
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Summary Huawei LTE supports the green eNodeB solution with power saving management. This solution has two sub-features: Adaptive Power Adjustment and RF module regular time sleep mode.
Benefits This feature improves the efficiency of the PA and saves power consumption of the eNodeB.
Description Huawei LTE supports the green eNodeB solution with power saving management. This solution has two sub-features: Adaptive Power Adjustment and RF module regular time sleep mode.
Adaptive Power Adjustment
Huawei Adaptive Power Adjustment solution, based on the traffic load, supports dynamic adjustment of the PA working state, and thereby improves PA efficiency and saves eNodeB power consumption. The typical scenarios are described as follows: 1. Based on the change of cell load in the day and at night, the PA working state is changed dynamically. 2. Based on the change of cell load in the working days and non-working days of the business districts, the PA working state is changed dynamically. 3. At the early stage of network deployment, there are usually less users in the cell, and when there's no any user in the cell, the PA working state is changed dynamically.
RF module regular time sleep mode
In some scenarios, such as high-speed railway, which will stop operating at late night, the RF module of eNodeB can be put into sleep mode automatically at preset time based on the operator's configuration.
Enhancement None
Dependency
OSS This feature depends on OSS feature WOFD-200200 Base Station Power-Saving Management -LTE.
Others "Adaptive Power Adjustment" is not supported in 1.4, 3 and 5 MHz system bandwidth.
4.4.2 LOFD-001039 RF Channel Intelligent Shutdown Availability This feature is
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Applicable to Macro from eRAN2.0.
Applicable to Micro from eRAN8.1.
Not applicable to LampSite.
Summary The RF Channel Intelligent Shutdown feature shuts down some transmit (TX) channels in a cell when there is no traffic in the cell or traffic in the cell is light during a specified period. This therefore reduces energy consumption. In addition, after some TX channels are shut down, the eNodeB increases the transmit power of reference signals, thereby ensuring wide network coverage.
Benefits This feature reduces eNodeB energy consumption by shutting down some TX channels on no-load or lightly-loaded radio frequency (RF) modules.
Description An eNodeB is generally configured with two or four antennas. Traffic in a cell varies by time. In certain periods, for example, from the midnight to the early morning (operators can customize the periods), traffic is light, which reaches the feature activation threshold. If there are no UEs whose QoS class identifier (QCI) is 1 during the periods, the eNodeB shuts down one TX channel (if two TX channels are configured) or shuts down two TX channels (if four TX channels are configured) to decrease the energy consumption of RF modules. When traffic reaches the feature deactivation threshold; UEs whose QCI is 1 access a cell; or when the preceding periods end, the eNodeB automatically switches on the TX channels that were shut down. Then, the cell recovers and continues to provide services.
Enhancement
eRAN8.1 This feature incorporates the following enhancements for Macro: −
Optimizes the feature activation threshold so that the feature can take effect when traffic is light.
−
Supports identifying service type to prevent the feature from taking effect when there are UEs whose QCI is 1.
Dependency
eNodeB The target cell is configured with two or four antennas.
eCO None
UE None
Transport network None
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None
OSS This feature requires OSS feature WOFD-200200 Base Station Power-Saving Management -LTE.
Other features This feature requires LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO or LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO.
Others Cell bandwidth is 10 MHz or more. To support feature enhancement in eRAN8.1, cell bandwidth must be 20 MHz or more.
4.4.3 LOFD-001040 Low Power Consumption Mode Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN2.0
not applicable to Micro
not applicable to Lampsite
Summary In some cases where an eNodeB detects a power outage or receives a command, the eNodeB can opt to or be forced to enter low power consumption mode, which helps extend the in-service time of an eNodeB powered by batteries.
Benefits Compared with the eNodeB in normal mode, an eNodeB in low power consumption mode consumes less power and has a longer in-service time if powered by batteries. In addition, if the power supply cannot be quickly restored, the probability of an eNodeB going out of service is also lower.
Description Low power consumption mode has three stages. If the eNodeB stays in a stage for a time equal to the operator-defined duration threshold and the power supply fails to restore within this time, the eNodeB enters the next stage. This process continues until the cell becomes out of service. An eNodeB enters low power consumption mode if either of the following conditions is met:
The power outage alarm is reported. If power insufficiency or power failure lasts for a time equal to the operator-defined duration, this alarm is reported and the eNodeB enters low power consumption mode.
The element management system (EMS) delivers a command. The operator delivers a command using the EMS, instructing the eNodeB to enter or exit from low power consumption mode.
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Enhancement None The eRAN6.0 enhancement to this feature supports power conversion modules manufactured by other vendors. If an eNodeB is equipped with such a power conversion module, this module sends a Boolean signal to the eNodeB when detecting an abnormal power supply status, notifying the eNodeB that the condition for triggering the power outage alarm is met. Then, the eNodeB enters low power consumption mode. Corresponding to this enhancement, a parameter is added for the RAT-specific power backup and energy saving policy. Based on the parameter settings, a multi-mode base station uses a specific set of duration thresholds for each RAT. Here RAT stands for radio access technology.
Dependency
eNodeB This feature is only applicable to Macro eNodeB configured with Battery
OSS This feature depends on OSS feature WOFD-200200 Base Station Power-Saving Management -LTE.
4.4.4 LOFD-001041 Power Consumption Monitoring Availability This feature is
Applicable to Macro from eRAN2.0.
Applicable to Micro from eRAN3.0.
Applicable to LampSite from eRAN8.1.
Summary The eNodeB reports the power consumption status to the EMS. Through the EMS, the change in power consumption of the eNodeB can be monitored by the operator, and a report on the power consumption can be generated.
Benefits The eNodeB reports the power consumption status to the EMS. Therefore, the operator can monitor the power consumption of the eNodeB. With the report on the power consumption, the operator can exactly know the benefits brought by the decrease in power consumption.
Description The eNodeB periodically monitors the power of each monitoring point and reports the power consumption within a period. The EMS receives and collects all data about power consumption. Through the EMS, the operator can observe the change in the power consumption and analyze the power consumption according to a statistics report generated by the EMS.
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Enhancement None
Dependency
OSS This feature depends on OSS feature WOFD-200200 Base Station Power-Saving Management -LTE.
4.4.5 LOFD-001042 Intelligent Power-Off of Carriers in the Same Coverage Availability This feature is
Applicable to Macro from eRAN2.0.
Applicable to Micro from eRAN8.1.
Applicable to LampSite from eRAN8.1.
Summary When there is light traffic in an area that is covered by multiple carriers, some of the carriers can be blocked, and all services can be automatically taken over by the carriers that remain in service. When the traffic increases to a certain degree, the carriers that are blocked can be unblocked again automatically to provide services.
Benefits When there is light traffic in an area that is covered by multiple carriers, some of the carriers can be blocked, and all services can be taken over by the carriers that remain in service. This can help reduce the power consumption of the eNodeB without any impact on the service quality.
Description When multiple carriers provide coverage for the same area, the traffic of the area varies by time. In some certain periods, for example from the midnight to the early morning (the periods can be preset by the operator), the traffic is light. When the eNodeB detects the light traffic, it triggers UEs to perform migration to some of the carriers and then blocks the carriers without any load. In this way, the power consumption is reduced. When the traffic increases or the preset periods end, the eNodeB can automatically switch on the carriers that are unblocked to recover the functionality of the carriers. In this way, the system capacity is increased without any impact on the service quality.
Enhancement None
Dependency
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This feature depends on OSS feature WOFD-200200 Base Station Power-Saving Management -LTE.
Others This feature should not work to a cell simultaneously with feature LOFD-001074 Intelligent Power-Off of Carrier in the Same Coverage of UMTS Network.
4.4.6 LOFD-001056 PSU Intelligent Sleep Mode Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN2.2
not applicable to Micro
not applicable to Lampsite
Summary This feature introduces the function of PSU (Power Supply Unit) intelligent Sleep Mode. With this feature, certain PSUs can be powered on or off according to the power consumption of the eNodeB, thus reducing the power consumption.
Benefits When the traffic is light, the eNodeB can power off certain PSUs to reduce the power consumption. In the following scenario, 3 PSUs in 1 eNodeB and low traffic, turning on this feature could help to save 4% to %5 power consumption.
Description If an eNodeB with AC input is configured with HUAWEI PSUs (converting AC into DC) and HUAWEI PMU, the function of PSU intelligent Sleep Mode can be used. The number of configured PSUs depends on the maximum power consumption of the eNodeB. The purpose is to ensure that the eNodeB operates properly even at the maximum load. In most cases, the eNodeB does not operate at full load, and thus the PSUs do not operate at full power. Generally, the PSU conversion efficiency is proportional to its output power. In other words, the decrease in the conversion efficiency increases the overall power consumption of the eNodeB. When the eNodeB is powered by multiple PSUs, the PSU intelligent shutdown function enables shutting down one or several PSUs according to the actual load and the power supply need. In this way, the remaining PSUs work in full load mode, thus ensuring their best level of efficiency.
Enhancement None
Dependency
eNodeB The eNodeB with AC input must be configured with HUAWEI PSUs (converting AC into DC) and HUAWEI PMU.
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4.4.7 LOFD-001070 Symbol Power Saving Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN3.0
not applicable to Micro
not applicable to Lampsite
Summary This feature introduces the function of symbol power saving. The eNodeB can shut down the PAs (Power Amplifier) when a symbol is empty. MBSFN (Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network) sub-frame could be used to reduce the reference signal further so that more empty symbols are available for PA to shut down longer.
Benefits When the traffic is light, the eNodeB can shut down the PAs when symbol is empty to save the static power consumption of the PA. The power consumption of the eNodeB is reduced.
Description PAs consume the most power in eNodeB. Even when there is no signal output, the PA has static power consumption. If PA could be power on and off quickly, the system could utilize this function to implement symbol power saving. The eNodeB can shut down the PAs when symbol is empty to save the static power consumption of the PA. In order to guarantee the integrity of data, the system needs to control the time of PA's switching on and off. For example: when there is no active user in the cell, in some sub-frames only RS (Reference Signal) signal is transmitted, PA can be powered off in the OFDM symbols when there is no RS. And if the cell is not using eMBMS service, the eNodeB can configure some of the empty sub-frames into MBSFN sub-frames for further power saving. When one sub-frame is configured as MBSFN sub-frame, only the first RS need to be transmitted in the air interface. The rest symbols in the sub-frame could be set to empty so that the PA could be powered off. Figure 4-5 Symbol power saving (Normal CP)
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Figure 4-6 Symbol power saving with MBSFN subframe (extended CP)
Enhancement None
Dependency
eNodeB This feature is only supported by the following LTE RF modules: LRFUe(800MHz), RRU3221(2600MHz), RRU3240(2600MHz) and multi-mode RF modules: mRFUd(1800MHz,900MHz),RRU3928(1800MHz,900MHz),RRU3929(1800MHz,900 MHz),RRU3841(AWS) working on LTE-only configuration.
Others MBSFN sub-frame configuration need that UE can identify and apply the serving/neighbor cell's MBSFN sub-frame configuration related.
4.4.8 LOFD-001071 Intelligent Battery Management Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN3.0
not applicable to Micro
not applicable to Lampsite
Summary With this feature,
The battery management mode automatically changes depending on the selected grid type, which prolongs the battery lifespan.
The battery self-protection function is triggered under high temperature, which avoids the overuse of batteries and the consequent damages to the batteries.
The runtime of batteries is displayed after the mains supply is cut off. According to the runtime, users can take measures in advance to avoid service interruption due to power supply cutoff.
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Benefits
Prolonged battery lifespan
Reduced operation costs
Improved system stability
Automatic change of the battery management mode:
Description The PMU board records the number of times power supply is cut off and the duration of each cutoff. Then, the PMU board determines which grid type is chosen and correspondingly activates a specific power management mode. In grid types 1 and 2, batteries can enter the hibernation state in which batters do not charge or discharge, which helps prolong battery lifespan. Table 4-1 Battery management modes Power Supply Cutoff Duration Within 15 Days (Hours)
Grid Type
Charge and Discharge Mode
Current Limitation Valve
Hibernatio n Voltage (V)
Hibernatio n Duration (Days)
Estimated Battery Lifespan Improvem ent Rate
≤5
1
Mode A
0.10 C
52
13
100%
5-30
2
Mode B
0.15 C
52
6
50%
30-120
3
Mode C
0.15 C
N/A
N/A
0%
≥
4
Mode C
0.15
N/A
N/A
0%
The function of the automatic change of the battery management mode is under license control. In addition, this function is disabled by default and you can enable it by running an MML command.
Self-protection under high temperature:
When batteries maintain a temperature exceeding the threshold for entering the floating charge state for 5 minutes, they enter the state and no alarms are generated. When batteries maintain a temperature exceeding the threshold for the self-protection function for 5 minutes, they are automatically powered off or the voltage of batteries is automatically adjusted.
Display of the battery runtime:
After the mains supply is cut off, the base station works out the runtime of batteries based on the remaining power capacity, discharge current, and other data. This runtime can be queried by running an MML command. To calculate the runtime of batteries, use the following formula: Runtime of batteries = (Remaining power capacity x Total power capacity x Discharge efficiency)/(Mean discharge current x Aging coefficient)
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Enhancement None
Dependency
eNodeB The APM30H (Ver. C), BTS3900AL, TP48600A, and batteries must be configured.
4.4.9 LOFD-001074 Intelligent Power-Off of Carriers in the Same Coverage of UMTS Network Availability This feature is
Applicable to Macro from eRAN3.0.
Not applicable to Micro.
Applicable to LampSite from eRAN8.1.
Summary When there is light traffic in an area that is covered by UMTS Networks in setting time period, LTE carrier can be blocked, and all users (including DRX user) can be automatically handover to the inter-RAT carriers. When the setting time period is expired, the LTE carrier that is blocked can be unblocked again automatically to provide services.
Benefits When there is light traffic in an area that is covered by UMTS Networks in setting time period, LTE carrier can be blocked, and all users (including DRX user) can be automatically handover to the inter-RAT carriers. This can help reduce the power consumption of the eNodeB, thus save OPEX of operator.
Description When multiple-RAT carriers provide coverage for the same area, the traffic of the area varies by time. In some certain periods, for example from the midnight to the early morning (the periods can be preset by the operator), the traffic is light. When the eNodeB detects the light traffic, it triggers UEs to perform migration to some of the UMTS carriers and then blocks the LTE carrier. In this way, the power consumption is reduced. When the preset periods end, the eNodeB can automatically switch on the carriers that are unblocked to recover the functionality of the carrier. In this way, the system capacity is increased.
Enhancement None
Dependency
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This feature depends on OSS feature WOFD-200200 Base Station Power-Saving Management -LTE.
Other features This feature depends on LOFD-001019 PS Inter-RAT Mobility between E-UTRAN and UTRAN.
Others This feature should not work to a cell simultaneously with feature LOFD-001042 Intelligent Power-Off of Carriers in the Same Coverage.
4.4.10 LOFD-001075 RRU PA Efficiency Improvement Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN6.0
not applicable to Micro
not applicable to Lampsite
Summary This feature monitors the eNodeB transmitting power, and dynamically adjusts PA working state when RRU transmitting power is low. Thereby it improves PA efficiency and saves eNodeB power consumption. This is similar to feature LOFD-001025 Adaptive Power Consumption, but it is specific to the Blade RRU series which has utilized the new PA technologies. This feature provides more power saving and can also be used at narrow frequency bandwidth (1.4MHz, 3MHz and 5MHz).
Benefits This feature improves the efficiency of the PA and saves power consumption of the eNodeB.
Description By decreasing equipment power consumption, operator's operating cost is decreased. The lower power consumption also improves the reliability of equipment. Blade RRU series utilized the latest PA technologies. When RRU transmitting power is low, this feature will dynamically adjust the bias voltage of RRU, to improve the PA efficiency of this kind of RRU.
PA Bias Voltage Dynamically Adjustment In the commercial network, eNodeB traffic load is keep changing; PA transmitting power is also changing with it. When PA transmitting power is high, PA efficiency is higher and a higher PA bias voltage is needed. When PA transmitting power is low, if PA bias voltage keeps high, the PA efficiency will be low. This feature keeps monitoring the eNodeB traffic load. Based on the real time traffic load, by decreasing the PA bias voltage PA efficiency is increased.
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This feature is specific to the Blade RRU series. Comparing to LOFD-001025 Adaptive Power Consumption, this feature provides more power saving and can also be used at narrow frequency bandwidth (1.4MHz, 3MHz and 5MHz). This feature cannot be used with LOFD-001025 Adaptive Power Consumption at same time. eNodeB will only enable this feature when the RRU type is Blade RRU series.
Enhancement None
Dependency
eNodeB This feature is only supported by following RF module: RRU3268(2600MHz).
4.5 Antenna Management 4.5.1 LOFD-001024 Remote Electrical Tilt Control Availability This feature is
applicable to Macro from eRAN1.0
not applicable to Micro
not applicable to Lampsite
Summary Remote Electrical Tilt Control improves the efficiency and minimizes the OM cost for adjusting the down tilt of the antenna. Huawei LTE RET solution complies with the AISG2.0 specification, and it is backward compatible with AISG1.1.
Benefits The application of the RET prominently improves the efficiency and minimizes the OM cost for adjusting the down tilt of the antenna. The application of the RET brings the following benefits:
The RET antennas at multiple sites can be adjusted remotely within a short period. This improves the efficiency and reduces the cost of network optimization.
Adjustment of the RET antenna can be performed in all weather conditions.
The RET antennas can be deployed on some sites that are difficult to access.
RET downtilt adjustment can keep the coverage pattern undistorted, therefore strengthening the antenna signal and reducing neighboring cell interference.
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eRAN Optional Feature Description
4 O&M
After an antenna is installed, the down tilt of the antenna needs to be adjusted to optimize the network. In this situation, the phases of signals that reach the elements of the array antenna can be adjusted under the electrical control. Then, the vertical pattern of the antenna can be changed. The phase shifter inside the antenna can be adjusted through the step motor outside the antenna. The down tilt of the RET antenna can be adjusted when the system is powered on, and the down tilt can be monitored in real time. Thus, the remote precise adjustment of the down tilt of the antenna can be achieved. Huawei LTE RET solution complies with the AISG2.0 specification, and it is compatible with AISG1.1.
Enhancement None
Dependency None
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eRAN Optional Feature Description
5 Acronyms and Abbreviations
5
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Table 5-1 Acronyms and Abbreviations 3GPP
Third Generation Partnership Project
ABS
Almost-blank subframe
ACK
acknowledgment
ACL
Access Control List
AES
Advanced Encryption Standard
AFC
Automatic Frequency Control
AH
Authentication Header
AMBR
Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate
AMC
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
AMR
Adaptive Multi-Rate
ANR
Automatic Neighboring Relation
ARP
Allocation/Retention Priority
ARQ
Automatic Repeat Request
BCH
Broadcast Channel
BCCH
Broadcast Control Channel
BITS
Building Integrated Timing Supply System
BLER
Block Error Rate
CA
Carrier aggregation
C/I
Carrier-to-Interference Power Ratio
CCCH
Common Control Channel
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5 Acronyms and Abbreviations
CDMA
Code Division Multiple Access
CEU
Cell Edge Users
CGI
Cell Global Identification
CP
Cyclic Prefix
CPICH
Common Pilot Channel
CQI
Channel Quality Indicator
CRC
Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRS
Cell-specific reference signal
CSI-RS
Channel state information reference signal
DCCH
Dedicated Control Channel
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DiffServ
Differentiated Services
DL-SCH
Downlink Shared Channel
DRB
Data Radio Bearer
DRX
Discontinuous Reception
DSCP
DiffServ Code Point
DTCH
Dedicated Traffic Channel
ECM
EPS Control Management
eCSFB
Enhanced CS Fallback
EDF
Early Deadline First
EF
Expedited Forwarding
eHRPD
Evolved high rate packet data
eICIC
Enhanced Inter-cell Interference Coordination
eMBMS
evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multimedia System
EMM
EPS Mobility Management
EMS
Element Management System
eNodeB
evolved NodeB
EPC
Evolved Packet Core
EPS
Evolved Packet System
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5 Acronyms and Abbreviations
ESP
Encapsulation Security Payload
ETWS
Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System
E-UTRA
Evolved –Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
FCPSS
Fault, Configuration, Performance, Security and Software Managements
FDD
Frequency Division Duplex
FEC
Forward Error Correction
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
GBR
Guaranteed Bit Rate
GERAN
GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network
GPS
Global Positioning System
HARQ
Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
HII
High Interference Indicator
HMAC
Hash Message Authentication Code
HMAC_MD5
HMAC Message Digest 5
HMAC_SHA
HMAC Secure Hash Algorithm
HO
Handover
HRPD
High Rate Packet Data
ICIC
Inter-cell Interference Coordination
IKEV
Internet Key Exchange Version
IMS
IP Multimedia Service
IP PM
IP Performance Monitoring
IPsec
IP Security
IRC
Interference Rejection Combining
KPI
Key Performance Indicator
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eRAN Optional Feature Description
5 Acronyms and Abbreviations
CME
Configuration Management Express
LMT
Local Maintenance Terminal
MAC
Medium Admission Control
MIB
Master Information Block
MCH
Multicast Channel
MCCH
Multicast Control Channel
MCS
Modulation and Coding Scheme
MIMO
Multiple Input Multiple Output
min_GBR
Minimum Guaranteed Bit Rate
MME
Mobility Management Entity
MML
Man-Machine Language
MOS
Mean Opinion Score
MRC
Maximum-Ratio Combining
MTCH
Multicast Traffic Channel
MU-MIMO
Multiple User-MIMO
NACC
Network Assisted Cell Changed
NACK
Non acknowledgment
NAS
Non-Access Stratum
NRT
Neighboring Relation Table
OCXO
Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator
OFDM
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OFDMA
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access
OI
Overload Indicator
OMC
Operation and Maintenance Center
OOK
On-Off-Keying
PBCH
Physical Broadcast Channel
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eRAN Optional Feature Description
5 Acronyms and Abbreviations
PCCH
Paging Control Channel
PCFICH
Physical Control Format Indicator Channel
PCH
Paging Channel
PCI
Physical Cell Identity
PDB
Packet Delay Budget
PDCCH
Physical Downlink Control Channel
PDCP
Packet Data Convergence Protocol
PDH
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PDSCH
Physical Downlink Shared Channel
PF
Proportional Fair
PHB
Per-Hop Behavior
PHICH
Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel
PM
Performance Measurement
PLMN
Public Land Mobile Network
PMCH
Physical Multicast Channel
PRACH
Physical Random Access Channel
PUCCH
Physical Uplink Control Channel
PUSCH
Physical Uplink Shared Channel
QAM
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QCI
QoS Class Identifier
QoS
Quality of Service
QPSK
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
RA
Random Access
RACH
Random Access Channel
RAM
Random Access Memory
RAT
Radio Access Technology
RB
Resource Block
RCU
Radio Control Unit
RET
Remote Electrical Tilt
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eRAN Optional Feature Description
5 Acronyms and Abbreviations
RF
Radio Frequency
RLC
Radio Link Control
RRC
Radio Resource Control
RRM
Radio Resource Management
RRU
Remote Radio Unit
RS
Reference Signal
RSRP
Reference Signal Received Power
RSRQ
Reference Signal Received Quality
RSSI
Received Signal Strength Indicator
RTT
Round Trip Time
RV
Redundancy Version
Rx
Receive
S1
interface between EPC and E-UTRAN
SBT
Smart Bias Tee
SC-FDMA
Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access
SCTP
Stream Control Transmission Protocol
SDH
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SFBC
Space Frequency Block Coding
SFP
Small Form – factor Pluggable
SGW
Serving Gateway
SIB
System Information Block
SID
Silence Indicator
SINR
Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio
SRB
Signaling Radio Bearer
SRS
Sounding Reference Signal
SSL
Security Socket Layer
STBC
Space Time Block Coding
STMA
Smart TMA
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eRAN Optional Feature Description
5 Acronyms and Abbreviations
TAC
Transport Admission Control
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
TDD
Time Division Duplex
TMA
Tower Mounted Amplifier
TMF
Traced Message Files
ToS
Type of Service
TTI
Transmission Time Interval
Tx
Transmission
UE
User Equipment
UL-SCH
Uplink Shared Channel
USB
Universal Serial Bus
U2000
Huawei OMC
VLAN
Virtual Local Area Network
VoIP
Voice over IP
WRR
Weighted Round Robin
X2
interface among eNodeBs
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