LP Bronkitis Ayu

 

CBQH^BE QDE@BFTCTBE

BZTFBE KDQD^B\BPBE QB@B QBZMDE @DELBE N^HEKMPMZ @M ^TBEL ^B\BP MEBQ JBPDC]B ^TIBF ZBKMP @BD^BF @r. ZHDNBE@M ODIND^ KBNTQBPDE ODIND^

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Byu \ucbe`brm, Z.Kdp EMI 2=>:222122><

Q^HL^BI ZPT@M QDE@M@MKBE ED^Z GBKTCPBZ KDQD^B\BPBE TEMWD^ZMPBZ ODIND^ >12=

 

 

@BGPB^ MZM

FBCBIBE OT@TC  FBCBIBE QDELDZBFBE @BGPB^ MZM  PMEOBTBE QTZPBKB  B. 

Bebthim Gmsmhchlm

N. 

@dgmemsm

J. 

Dpm`dimhchlm

@. 

Dtmhchlm

D. 

Kcbsmgmkbsm

G. 

Qbthgmsmhchlm

L. 

Ibemgdstbsm

F. 

Qdidrmksbbe pdeueobel

M. 

Qdebtbcbksbebbe id`ms

O. 

Jcmemjbc Qbtfwby

Q^HZDZ KDQD^B\BPBE ZDJB^B PDH^M 

M. 

Qdelkbombe

MM. 

@mblehsb kdpdrbwbtbe

MMM. 

Metdrvdesm kdpdrbwbtbe

@MZJFB^LD QCBEEMEL @BGPB^ QTZPBKB

 

 

PMEOBTBE QTZPBKB B.  Bebthim Gmsmhchlm Zmstdi Qdrebgbsbe

Zmstdi rdspmrbsm b`bcbf smstdi ybel idimcmkm guelsm utbib uetuk idcbkukbe rdspmrbsm `mibeb rdspmrbsm idrupbkbe prhsds ideluipuckbe hksmlde `be ideldcubrkbe kbrnhe`mhksm`b. Guelsm utbib smstdi rdspmrbsm b`bcbf uetuk idibstmkbe nbfwb tunuf ideldkstrbk hksmlde `bcbi ouicbf ybel jukup uetuk idtbnhcmsid sdc `be idcdpbskbe kbrnhe`mhksm`b. Zmstdi rdspmrbsm tdrnblm ideob`m smstdi pdrebgbsbe btbs `be smstdi pdrebgbsbe nbwbf. Zmstdi pdrebgbsbe btbs tdr`mrm `brm fm`uel, gbrmel `be cbrmel. Zd`belkbe smstdi pdrebgbsbe nbwbf tdr`mrm `brm trbkdb, nrhekus `be pbru-pbru (Qdbtd be` Ebmr, >122).

b.  Fm`uel Ibsukeyb u`brb ndriucb `brm fm`uel. Fm`uel idrupbkbe hrlbe pdrtbib `bcbi smstdi rdspmrbsm ybel tdr`mrm `brm nblmbe dkstdrebc (tdrcmfbt) `be nblmbe metdrebc. @m fm`uel nblmbe dkstdrebc tdr`bpbt rbelkb pdeueobel ndrupb tucbel `be fybcmed kbrtmcblh ybel tdrnuelkus hcdf htht `be kucmt. Ztruktur metdrmhr `brm nblmbe dkstdrebc fm`uel idimcmkm tmlb guelsm ? 2.  Idelfbelbtkbe, idcdinbnkbe, `be ideybrmel u`brb ybel ibsuk >.  Ide`dtdksm stmiucbsm hcgbkthrm (me`rb pdinbu) :.  Ih`mgmkbsm ldtbrbe subrb ybel idcbcum nmcmk rdshebesm ybel ndsbr `be  ndrldib.

 

 

^hellb fm`uel sdnblbm nblmbe metdrebc `mlbinbrkbe sdnblbm rubel ybel  ndsbr pb`b betdrmhr tdelkhrbk (megdrmhr pb`b tucbel fm`uel; supdrmhr pb`b rhellb iucut); rhellb fm`uel `mnbtbsm `delbe htht `be idinrbed iukhsb (Phrthrrb be` @drrmjkshe, >120)  n.  Gbrmel Gbrmel btbu tdellhrhkbe, b`bcbf sbcurbe ndrndetuk jhrhel `delbe pbeobel 2: ji. @me`mel gbrmel `msusue hcdf htht rbelkb `be `mnbtbsm hcdf idinrbed iukhsb. Htht rbelkb ybel tdrdcbksbsm idinubt gbrmel `bcbi phsmsm tdtbp sd`belkbe bpbnmcb htht rbelkb khetrbksm ibkb sd`bel tdrob`m prhsds idedcbe. Guelsm gbrmel b`bcbf sdnblbm sbcurbe uetuk u`brb `be ibkbebe, ideyd`mbkbe rubel rdshebesm uetuk subrb sbbt ndrnmjbrb, `be tdipbt nblm thesmc (ndrpdrbe  pb`b rdbksm miue tdrfb`bp nde`b bsmel) (Phrthrrb (Phrthrrb be` @drrmjkshe, >120)

 

j. Cbrmel Cbrmel tdrsusue btbs = nblmbe obrmelbe kbrtmcblh, : nblmbe tuellbc `be :  nblmbe ndrpbsbelbe. : nblmbe ybel ndrpbsbelbe b`bcbf kbrtmcblh brytdehm`, juedmghri, `be jhremjucbtd. Brytdehm` b`bcbf nblmbe ybel pbcmel smlemgmkbe `mibeb obrmelbe mem idipdelbrufm pdrldrbkbe idinrbed iukhsb (cmpbtbe vhkbc sdndebreyb) uetuk idelfbsmckbe subrb. : nblmbe cbme ybel idrupbkbe  nblmbe tuellbc b`bcbf tmrhm`, dpmlchtms, `be jrmjhm`. Pmrhm` `be jrmjhm` kd`ubeyb ndrguelsm idcme`uelm pmtb subrb. Dpmlchtms idcme`uelm sbcurbe u`brb `be idelbcmfkbe ibkbebe `be imeuibe blbr idcdwbtm dshgblus (Qdbtd be` Ebmr, >122). `.  Prbkdb Prbkdb btbu nbtbel tdellhrhkbe idrupbkbe sbcurbe tunucdr ybel `mcdwbtm u`brb `brm cbrmel ideuou pbru-pbru. Prbkdb oulb `mcbpmsm hcdf dpmtdc khcuiebr  ndrsmcmb sdfmellb `bpbt ideodnbk zbt sdcbme u`brb ybel ibsuk cbcu bkbe `m`hrhel kdbtbs idcdwbtm dshgblus uetuk `mtdcbe btbu `mkdcubrkbe cdwbt `bfbk. Prbkdb `be nrhekus oulb idimcmkm rdsdpthr mrmtbe ybel idestmiucbsm  nbtuk, idibksb pbrtmkdc ndsbr ybel ibsuk kdinbcm kdbtbs (Qdbtd be` Ebmr, >122).

 

 

d.  Qbru Qbru-pbru idimcmkm ukurbe ybel ndrnd`b, nblmbe tdrsdnut `msdnut `delbe chnus. Qbru-pbru kbebe ybel cdnmf ndsbr idimcmkm : chnus, sd`belkbe pbru pbru sdndcbf kmrm fbeyb idimcmkm > chnus. 2.  Qcdurb Qcdurb b`bcbf idinrbe sdrhsb ybel idrupbkbe cbpmsbe tdrcubr pbru-pbru. Qcdurb tdr`mrm `brm `ub cbpms ybmtu pcdurb pbrmdtbc btbu nblmbe cubr `be  pcdurb vmsdrbc btbu nblmbe `bcbi. Kd`ub pcdurb mem `mpmsbfkbe hcdf rhellb tmpms ybel `msdnut `delbe rhellb pcdurb. Qcdurb idimcmkm guelsm uetuk idelfbsmckbe jbmrbe pcdurb ybel b`b `bcbi rhellb pcdurb. Jbmrbe mem ndrguelsm uetuk idinbetu kdrob pcdurb blbr `bpbt ndrldrbk `delbe sdidstmeyb. Jbmrbe mem oulb ndrguelsm uetuk idcme`uelm pbru-pbru blbr tm`bk tdrcukb idskmpue fbrus ndrkhetrbksm btbu idelbinbel sbbt prhsds pdrebpbsbe ndrcbelsuel. >.  Nrhekus Nrhekus b`bcbf nblmbe pbru-pbru ybel bkbe `mtdium pdrtbib kbcm sdtdcbf trbkdb btbu tdellhrhkbe. Nrhekus idimcmkm ndetuk ndrjbnbel `be tdrfunuel kd ibsmel-ibsmel pbru-pbru kbebe `be kmrm. Pm`bk tdrob`m  pdrtukbrbe u`brb pb`b nrhekus, tdtbpm nrhekus idrupbkbe obcbe kdcur `be ibsukeyb u`brb ideuou kd pbru-pbru. Nrhekus idimcmkm ndndrbpb guelsm sdpdrtm idelbtur nbeybkeyb u`brb ybel ibsuk `be kdcubr pbru-pbru, idcme`uelm pbru-pbru `brm pbrtmkdc bsmel `be idejdlbf megdksm, sdrtb idiprh`uksm `bfbk ybel `bpbt idcme`uelm nrhekus `brm pdrb`belbe.

 

 

:.  Nrhekmhcus Nrhekmhcus btbu nrhekmhcm b`bcbf jbnbel `brm nrhekus. Pulbs `brm  nrhekmhcus b`bcbf uetuk ideybcurkbe u`brb kd bcvdhcm btbu bcvdhcus. Nrhekmhcus idimcmkm `me`mel ybel cdnmf tmpms `brm nrhekus `be oulb tm`bk idimcmkm tucbel rbwbe `be tm`bk b`b kdcdeobr pb`b iukhsbeyb. Jbnbel  nrhekmhcus pb`b pbru-pbru kbebe ndrnd`b, ouicbfeyb sbib sdpdrtm chnus  pb`b pbru-pbru, ybmtu : jbnbel `m sdndcbf kbebe `be fbeyb > jbnbel `m  nblmbe kmrm. 0.  Bcvdhcus Bcvdhcus btbu bcvdhcm (ndetuk obibk) b`bcbf nblmbe tdrkdjmc `brm pbru pbru. Nblmbe pbru-pbru ybel sbtu mem idrupbkbe tdipbt tdrob`meyb  pdrtukbrbe hksmlde `be kbrnhe `mhksm`b `bcbi pbru-pbru. Cdtbk bcvdhcus bc vdhcus  ndrb`b `m uouel nrhekmhcus. nrhekmhcus. (Qdrfmipuebe @hktdr Qbru Me`hedsmb, >126)

 

 

N.  @dgmemsm Nrhekmtms Nrhekmtms b`bcbf rb`bel sdcbput nrhekmbc btbu pdrb`belbe ybel tdrob`m pb`b  nrhekus. Qdeydnbn nrhekmtms bkut uiuieyb b`bcbf megdksm vmrus pb`b smstdi  pdrebpbsbe.  pdrebpbsb e. Ldobcbeyb Ldobcbeyb `mtbe`bm `delbe ndetuk ndr`bfbk `be sdsbk ebpbs. Khe`msm ybel sbtu mem tm`bk tdrcbcu ndrnbfbyb `be `bpbt idinbmk `bcbi fmtuelbe fbrm. Nrhejfmtms uiuieyb `msdnbnkbe hcdf vmrus sdpdrtm ^fmehvmrus , ^ZW, vmrus megcudezb , vmrus pbrbmegcudezb, b`dehvmrus, vmrus rundhcb, `be pbrbiyxhvmrus `be  nrhejfmtms kbrdeb nbktdrm nmbsbeyb `mkbmtkbe `delbe iyjhpcbsi iyjhpcbsibb peduihemb,  nhr`dtdccb pdrtussms, btbu jhryednbjtdrmui jhryednbjtdrmui `mpftfdrmb (Qdrfmipuebe @hktdr Qbru Me`hedsmb, >12=) Nrhekmtms krhemk b`bcbf subtu lbellube kcmems ybel `mtbe`bm hcdf pdindetukbe iukus ybel ndrcdnmfbe `bcbi nrhekus `be ndribemgdstbsm sdnblbm nbtuk krhemk `be  pdindetukbe sputui sdcbib sd`mkmteyb : nucbe `bcbi > tbfue, ndrturut turut  pdindetukbe ( Qbjmgmj  Qbjmgmj Fdbrt, Fdbrt, Cuel be` Nchh` Mestmtutd >127) Nrhekmtms Bkut b`bcbf pdrb`belbe pb`b nrhekus `msdnbnkbe hcdf megdksm sbcurbe ebgbs ybel `mtbe`bm `delbe nbtuk (ndr`bfbk ibupue tm`bk ndr`bfbk) . `mtbe`bm `delbe bwmtbe ldobcb ybel ide`b`bk `be ndrcbelsuel cdnmf smelkbt , ybel  ndrcbelsuel fmellb fmellb : imellu. Zdnblmbe ndsbr nrhekmtms bkut `msdnbnkbe hcdf megdksm megdksm vmrus `be `bpbt sdinuf `delbe sde`mrmeyb, sdfmellb tm`bk ididrcukbe betmnmhtmj. Qdrb`belbe nrhekus nmbsbeyb `msdnbnkbe vmrus btbu nbktdrm `be khe`msmeyb `mpdrpbrbf hcdf pdibpbrbe tdrfb`bp mrmtbe , sdpdrtm bsbp rhkhk , u`brb khthr , `dnu , bsbp kmimbwm ( Qbjmgmj Fdbrt, Fdbrt, Cuel be` Nchh` Mestmtutd, Mestmtutd, >127)

 

 

J.  Dpm`dimhchlm

Nrhekmtms bkut idrupbkbe pdeybkmt ybel jukup sdrmel tdrob`m `be idrupbkbe sbcbf sbtu `brm 4 pdeybkmt tdrsdrmel pdeydnbn pbsmde `btbel kd  pdcbybebe kdsdfbtbe. Nrhekmtms bkut sdrmel kbcm tdrob`m pb`b iusmi fuobe btbu iusmi `melme `be iusmi lulur. Pdr`bpbt sdkmtbr 4% phpucbsm `dwbsb `m `uemb `mcbphrkbe idelbcbim nrhekmtms bkut sdtmbp tbfueeyb (Gbyybz, >12=). Belkb kdob`mbe nrhekmtms `m Me`hedsmb sbipbm sbbt mem ndcui `mkdtbfum sdjbrb  pbstm. Ebiue, nrhekmtms idrupbkbe sbcbf sbtu nblmbe `brm pdeybkmt pbru hnstruktmg krhemk ybel tdr`mrm `brm nrhekmtms krhemk `be digmsdib/lbnuelbe `brm kd`ubeyb. @m Me`hedsmb `mpdrkmrbkbe tdr`bpbt 0,6 outb pbsmde QQHK `delbe prdvbcdesm 4,7%. Belkb tdrsdnut nmsb tdrus ebmk sdmrmel nbeybkeyb  ouicbf pdrhkhk kbrdeb =1% pbsmde QQHK b`bcbf pdrhkhk/ibetbe pdrhkhk. (Kdidetrmbe Kdsdfbtbe ^M, >12:). @.  Dtmhchlm

Ideurut Ebtmhe Ideurut  Ebtmhebc bc Fdbctf Fdbctf Zdrvmjd Zdrvmjd (>12=), pdeydnbn nrhejfmtms betbrb cbme ? 2.  Megdksm nrhekmtms `bpbt `msdnbnkbe hcdf vmrus btbu nbktdrm @bcbi kdnbeybkbe kbsus, nrhekmtms `msdnbnkbe hcdf vmrus ybel sbib ybel ideydnbnkbe pmcdk btbu gcu. Wmrus mem tdrkbe`uel `bcbi outbbe tdtdsbe kdjmc ybel kdcubr `brm fm`uel `be iucut kdtmkb nbtuk btbu ndrsme. Nrhejfmtms hcdf vmrus sdpdrtm vmrus sdpdrtm  ^fmehvmrus ,  ^ZW , vmrus megcudezb , vmrus  pbrbmegcudezb , b`dehvmrus, b`dehvmrus, vmrus rundhcb, `be  pbrbiyxhvmrus.  pbrbiyxhvmrus.   Nrhejfmtms kbrdeb nbktdrm nmbsbeyb `mkbmtkbe `delbe iyjhpcbsib peduihemb, nhr`dtdccb  pdrtussms `be jhryednbjtdrmui `mpftfdrmb >.  Idelfmrup zbt mrmtbe Nrhekmtms oulb `bpbt `mpmju hcdf idelfmrup zbt mrmtbe, sdpdrtm kbnut bsbp,  nbfbe kmimb `bcbi prh`uk ruibf tbellb btbu bsbp tdinbkbu. Idrhkhk b`bcbf pdeydnbn utbib nrhekmtms obelkb pbeobel (krhems), `be `bpbt ididelbrufm hrbel pdrhkhk bktmg ibupue pdrhkhk pbsmg

 

 

:.  Qbpbrbe kdrob Zdrmel tdrpbpbr tdrfb`bp nbfbe ybel `bpbt idrusbk pbru-pbru, sdpdrtm? -   nutmrbe `dnu

 

- tdkstmc (sdrbt kbme) -  biihemb -  bsbi kubt -  kchrme Mem kb`bel-kb`bel `msdnut sdnblbm "nrhekmtms bkmnbt kdrob", `be nmbsbeyb idrd`b sdtdcbf tm`bk cblm tdrpbpbr zbt mrmtbe. D.  Kcbsmgmkbsm

Kcbsmgmkbsm nrhejfmtms ideurut Qbjmgmj ideurut Qbjmgmj Fdbrt, Cuel be` Nchh` Mestmtutd (>127) Mestmtutd (>127) b`b > ybmtu ? 2.  Nrhekmtms bkut Nrhekmtms bkut nmbsbeyb ndrcbelsuel sbtu fmellb tmlb imellu, `be  ndrkdinbel sdtdcbf megdksm sdpdrtm gcu. Megdksm ndrpme`bf kd phfhe  nrhekmbc - obrmelbe struktur pdrebpbsbe ybel tdrcdtbk `m betbrb pbru-pbru `be trbkdb - ybel idelbkmnbtkbe nbtuk pdrdtbsbe, tdrkb`bel `delbe `bfbk fmobu. Zdkmtbr =1 pdrsde kbsus `msdnbnkbe hcdf vmrus, `delbe smsbeyb 21 pdrsde `mpmju hcdf megdksm nbktdrm. >.  Nrhejfmtms Krhemk Nrhekmtms krhems ndrcbelsuel tmlb nucbe btbu cdnmf pdr tbfue sdcbib `ub tbfue ndrturut-turut omkb tm`bk b`b pdeydnbn nbtuk sdkue`dr. Qdeybkmt mem jde`druel tdrob`m sdcbib iusmi `melme, `be `bpbt idemelkbt btbu idinuruk sdcbib wbktu ybel ndrnd`b `bcbi sdtbfue. Nbtuk cdnmf pbrbf `m pblm fbrm `be `m jubjb cdinbn. Fbipmr =1 pdrsde kbsus nrhekmtms krhems `be pdeybkmt pbru hnstruktmg krhems `msdnbnkbe hcdf idrhkhk. Idrhkhk idimcmkm ndndrbpb dgdk nuruk pb`b pbru-pbru. Imsbceyb, idrhkhk `bpbt ideydnbnkbe sdc-sdc `m kdcdeobr cde`mr ybel idesdkrdsm `brm iukhsb sbcurbe u`brb ndsbr ybel tdrnubt `brm tucbel rbwbe idindsbr (fmpdrtrhgm) `be sdjbrb tm`bk ehribc ndrtbinbf ouicbfeyb (fmpdrpcbsmb). Nrhekmtms

 

 

krhems oulb `bpbt `msdnbnkbe hcdf pbpbrbe phcusm u`brb, bsbp kmimb, `dnu, `be lbs ndrbjue uetuk wbktu ybel cbib.

 

G. Qbthgmsmhchlm Qbthgmsmhchlm b`bcbf mciu ybel idipdcbobrm lbellube guelsm pb`b

hrlbemsid ybel sbkmt idcmputm bsbc pdeybkmt, pdriucbbe pdrobcbebe `be bkmnbt. Nrhekmtms ybel ideydrbel `mkbcbelbe pdtbem `msdnbnkbe hcdf pbpbrbe u`brb btbupue `dnu pb`b cbfbe pdrtbembe tdrutbib hcdf pbpbrbe pdstmsm`b kbrdeb pdtbem tm`bk idibkbm bcbt pdcme`uel `mrm sdpdrtm ibskdr pb`b sbbt idcbkukbe bktmvmtbs pdeydiprhtbe `m cbfbe pdrtbembe. Zdcbme gbkthr pbpbrbe lbs hcdf pdstmsm`b, kdnmbsbbe pdtbem cbkm-cbkm ybel idrhkhk rdsmkh bkbe cdnmf tmellm. _bt  ‚   zbt kmimb `bpbt oulb ideydnbnkbe nrhejfmtms b`bcbf zbt  ‚   zbt  pdrd`uksm sdpdrtm H>, zbt  ‚  zbt  zbt pdelhksm`b sdpdrtm E >H, fm`rhkbrnhe, Qhcusm u`brb ybel `msdnbnkbe kbrdeb pdstmsm`b ideydnbnkbe sbcurbe  pdrebgbsbe tdrmrmtbsm. B`beyb mrmtbsm ideydnbnkbe fmpdrtrhpm `brm kdcdeobr iukhsb nrhejfus `be pdemelkbtbe sdouicbf sdc lhncdt, guelsm smcmb ideurue ideurue `msdrtbm `delbe `delbe megmctrbsm sdc rb`bel `be mem idelbkmnbtkbe idelbkmnbtkbe ldobcb kfbs ybmtu  nbtuk prh`uktmg. Bkmnbteyb tdrob`m pdeydipmtbe `be pdeyuinbtbe pb`b  nrhekmhcus. Bcvdhcm ybel cdtbkeyb ndr`dkbtbe `delbe nrhekmhcus `bpbt ideob`m rusbk `be idindetuk gmnrhsms, sdfmellb bkbe tdrob`m pdrunbfbe guelsm ibkrhgbl bcvdhcbr. Ibkrhgbl bcvdhcbr idipueybm pdrbe pdetmel `bcbi pdrtbfbebe uetuk idelbfbejurkbe pbrtmkdc-pbrtmkdc bsmel tdribsuk  nbktdrm. Gbkthr dtmhchlm utbib b`bcbf idrhkhk `be phcusm u`brb ybel `msdnbnkbe hcdf pdstmsm`b ybel `msdiprhtkbe hcdf pdtbem. Qhcusm tdrsdnut `bpbt idipdrcbinbt bktmgmtbs smcmb `be pblhsmthsms, sdfmellb tminuebe iukus idemelkbt sd`belkbe idkbemsid pdrtbfbebeeyb sde`mrm idcdibf. Iukus ybel ndrcdnmfbe tdrob`m bkmnbt `mspcbsmb. Zdc  ‚   sdc pdelfbsmc iukus `m  nrhekfus. Zdcbme mtu, smcmb ybel idcbpmsm nrhekus idelbcbim kdcuipufbe btbu `msguelsmhebc sdrtb idtbpcbsmb. Qdrunbfbe  ‚   pdrunbfbe pb`b sdc  ‚   sdc  pdelfbsmc iukus `be sdc  ‚   sdc smcmb mem idellbellu smstdi dskbcbthr

 

 

iukhsmcmbrms `be ideydnbnkbe pdeuipukbe iukus `bcbi ouicbf ndsbr ybel sucmt `mkdcubrkbe `brm sbcurbe ebgbs

 

L. Ibemgdstbsm Ibemgdstbsm Kcmems Ideurut Qbjmgmj Ideurut  Qbjmgmj Fdbrt, Cuel be` Nchh` Mestmtutd >127, Mestmtutd >127, tbe`b ldobcb

 nrhejfmtms betbrb cbme ? 2.  Ldobcb nrhekmtms bkut -  Qdrb`belbe pb`b nrhekus -  Nbtuk -  Zbkmt tdellhrhkbe -  @dibi -  Nbtuk `delbe prh`uksm `bfbk ndemel, putmf, kuemel, bnu-bnu, btbu fmobu -  Kheldstm `b`b, sbkmt btbu tm`bk eybibe -   Ebpbs pde`dk, tdrutbib sbbt bktmvmtbs. -  \fdzzmel -  Qbebs `melme -  Qdlbc-pdlbc -  Fm`uel tdrsuinbt (tdrsuinbt btbu pmcdk) -  Kdcdcbfbe >.  Ldobcb nrhekmtms krhems -  Nbtuk `be prh`uksm `bfbk sdtmbp fbrm sdcbib imemibc : nucbe -  Zdsbk ebpbs -  \fdzzmel -  Kdcdcbfbe -  Zbkmt tdellhrhkbe -   Eydrm htht -  Fm`uel tdrsuinbt (tdrsuinbt btbu pmcdk) -  Zbkmt kdpbcb -   Eydrm `b`b kbrdeb nbtuk pbrbf

 

 

-  Zmbehsms (wbreb kucmt kdnmrube / kdbnu-bnube) (pb`b pbsmde `delbe JHQ@ cbeout) -  @dibi (kbrdeb megdksm pbru-pbru vmrus btbu nbktdrm sdkue`dr) F.  Qdidrmksbbe pdeueobel

Ideurut Gbyybz (>12=), pdidrmksbbe pdeueobel pb`b pbsmde nrhejfmtms b`bcbf ? 2.  Fmtuel `brbf cdelkbp (JNJ) `delbe `mgdrdesmbc >.  Pmelkbt prhkbcsmtheme (uetuk idind`bkbe nbktdrm `brm megdksm ehenbktdrm) :.  Zmthchlm `bfbk (omkb nbtukeyb idedtbp) 0.  Kuctur `brbf (omkb `mjurmlbm supdrmegdksm nbktdrm) 4.  ^b`mhlrbgm thrbks (omkb pbsmde ndrusmb cbeout btbu tdiube gmsmk ideueoukkbe peduihemb) 7.  Nrhekhskhpm (uetuk ideldjubcmkbe bspmrbsm nde`b bsmel, PNJ, tuihr, `be pdeybkmt krhems cbmeeyb) 12=) b.  Qdedkbe nbtuk sdetrbc (imsbceyb, kh`dme `be `dkstrhidthrgbe) Qdelfmcbel ldobcb nbtuk obelkb pde`dk pb`b nrhekmtms bkut `be krhems  n.  Nrhekh`mcbthr (ims., Mprbtrhpmui nrhim`d `be tfdhpfmcme) - Khetrhc  nrhekhspbsid, `mspedb, `be nbtuk krhems pb`b pbsmde stbnmc `delbe  nrhekmtms krhems; ndtb-blhems chel-bjtmel `mtbinbf khrtmkhstdrhm` mefbcbsm oulb `bpbt `mluebkbe `m luebkbe uetuk idelde`bcmkbe nbtuk krhems j.  Hnbt betmmegcbibsm ehestdrhm` (EZBM@) - Qdelhnbtbe ldobcb khestmtusmhebc nrhekmtms bkut, tdribsuk eydrm rmelbe fmellb sd`bel `.  Betmtusmg / dkspdkthrbe (imsbceyb, lubmgdedsme) - Qdelhnbtbe nbtuk, `mspedb, `be idelm

 

 

d.  Iujhcytmjs - Ibebodide JHQ@ sd`bel fmellb ndrbt, tdrutbib `m iusmi `melme >.  Qdebtbcbksbebbe Ehe-Gbribkhchlms ( Ebtmhebf  Ebtmhebf Fdbctf Zdrvmjd, Zdrvmjd, >12=) b.  Ndrfdetm idrhkhk  n.  Mstmrbfbt ybel jukup j.  Imeui nbeybk jbmrbe - mem idinbetu idejdlbf `dfm`rbsm `be idempmskbe cde`mr `m pbru-pbru, sdfmellb cdnmf iu`bf nbtuk

 

 

 

 

Khesdp Bsufbe Kdpdrbwbtbe B.  Qdelkbombe

2.  M`detmtbs pbsmde idcmputm ? ebib, uiur, odems kdcbime, `be pdkdrobbe. >.  ^mwbybt Kdsdfbtbe b.  Kdcufbe utbib Zbbt `mkbom nmbsbeyb pde`drmtb nrhejfmtms bkbe ideldcuf sdsbk ebgbs, `msdrtbm nbtuk idelbe`uel sdkrdt ybel tm`bk nmsb kdcubr.  n.  ^mwbybt pdeybkmt sdkbrbel Qdeybkmt nrhejfmtms iucbm `mrbsbkbe sbbt pde`drmtb idelbcbim nbtuk idedtbp `delbe prh`uksm sputui sdtmbp fbrm tdrutbib pb`b sbbt  nbelue pblm sdcbib imemiui : nucbe ndrturut-turut tmbp tbfue sd`mkmteyb > tbfue prh`uksm sputui (fmobu, putmf / kuemel) `be nbeybk sdkbcm. Qde`drmtb nmbsbeyb idelluebkbe htht nbetu pdrebgbsbe, `b`b tdrcmfbt fmpdrmegcbsm `delbe pdemellmbe `mbidtdr BQ, nueym ebgbs jrbjkcds, wbreb kucmt pujbt `delbe smbehsms nmnmr, `bsbr kuku. j. 

^mwbybt pdeybkmt `bfucu  Nmbsbeyb pde`drmtb nrhejfmtms sdndcuieyb ndcui pdrebf ide`drmtb kbsus ybel sbib tdtbpm idrdkb idipueybm rmwbybt pdeybkmt ybel `bpbt idimju tdrob`meyb nrhejfmtms ybmtu rmwbybt idrhkhk, tdrpbbe  phcusm kmimb `bcbi obelkb pbeobel imsbceyb `dnu / bsbp.

`. 

^mwbybt pdeybkmt kdcubrlb  Nmbsbeyb pdeybkmt nrhejfmtms `bcbi kdcubrlb nukbe idrupbkbe gbkthr kdturuebe tdtbpm kdnmbsbbe btbu phcb ybel tm`bk sdfbt sdpdrtm kdnmbsbbe idrhkhk.

:.  Qhcb guelsm kdsdfbtbe  b.  Qhcb pdrsdpsm `be pdidcmfbrbbe kdsdfbtbe  B`beyb

tme`bkbe

id`ms

`be

pdrbwbtbe

`m

ruibf

sbkmt

idipdelbrufm pdrunbfbe pdrsdpsm tdetbel kdsdfbtbe. Kdiuelkmebe b`beyb rmwbybt kdnmbsbbe idrhkhk, imeui bcjhfhc, `be pdelluebbe hnbt-hnbtbe nmsb ideob`m gbkthr prd`msphsmsm tminuceyb t minuceyb pdey pdeybkmt. bkmt.

 

 

 n.  Qhcb eutrmsm `be idtbnhcmj  Qhcb eutrmsm pbsmde `delbe nrhejfmtms pdrcu `mkbom sdndcui `be sdcbib `m ruibf sbkmt kbrdeb sdjbrb uiui pbsmde `delbe nrhejfmts bkbe idelbcbim pdeuruebe ndrbt nb`be sdjbrb smlemgmjbet. j.  Qhcb dcmimebsm  Qb`b phcb dcmimebsm pdrcu `mkbom b`beyb kdcufbe pbsmde `bcbi idideufm kdnutufbe `bcbi ndrdcmimebsm nbmk phcb dcmimebsm NBN ibupue NBK.  `.  Qhcb bktmvmtbs `be cbtmfbe  Qhcb bktmvmtbs pbsmde pdrcu `mkbom kbrdeb pbsmde `delbe nrhejfmtms bkbe idelbcbim

lbellube

bkmnbt

b`beyb

sdsbk

ybel

`msdnbnkbe

 pdemelkbtbe sputui.  d.  Qhcb mstmrbfbt `be tm`ur   Qhcb mstmrbfbt `be tm`ur pb`b pbsmde `delbe nrhejfmtms bkbe idelbcbim lbellube bkmnbt sdsbk `be kdjdibsbe ybel `mbcbim.  g.  Qhcb pdrsdpsm sdeshrm `be khlemtmg   Qdrcu `mkbom b`beyb lbellube pdrsdpsm `be sdeshrm bkmnbt b`beyb prhsds  pdeybkmt.  l.  Qhcb funuelbe `delbe hrbel cbme  Ldobcb

nrhejfmtms

sbelbt

idinbtbsm

pbsmde

uetuk

ideobcbekbe

kdfm`upbeeyb ssdjbrb ehribc. Qbsmde pdrcu ideydsubmkbe khe`msmeyb  ndrfunuelbe `delbe hrbel cbme.  f.  Qhcb rdprh`uksm `be sdksubc  ^dprh`uksm

sdksubc

idrupbkbe

kdnutufbe

`bsbr

ibeusmb,

nmcb

kdnutufbe mem tm`bk tdrpdeufm bkbe tdrob`m ibsbcbf `bcbi kdfm`upbe  pbsmde. Ibsbcbf mem bkbe ideob`m strdsshr ybel bkbe idemelkbtkbe kdiuelkmebe tdrob`meyb subtu pdeybkmt. pde ybkmt. m.  Qhcb pdrsdpsm `mrm `be khesdp `mrm Qdrcu `mkbom tdetbel pbsmde tdrfb`bp pdeybkmteyb. Qdrsdpsm ybel sbcbf `bpbt idelfbinbt rdsphe khhpdrbtmg pb`b `mrm pbsmde. Jbrb idibe`bel `mrm ybel sbcbf oulb bkbe ideob`m strdsshr `bcbi kdfm`upbe  pbsmde.

 

 

 o.  Qhcb idkbemsid `be khpmel Ztrdss `be kdtdlbelbe dihsmhebc idrupbkbe gbkthr mestrmesmk pdejdtus  pdeybkmt nrhejfmtms, ibkb pdrcu `mkbom pdeydnbn tdrob`meyb strdss. Grdkudesm `be pdelbruf tdrfb`bp kdfm`upbe pbsmde sdrtb jbrb  pdebellucbelbe tdrfb`bp strdsshr. k.  Qhcb emcbm kdpdrjbybbe kdpdrjb ybbe `be kdybkmebe Kd`dkbtbe pbsmde pb`b sdsubtu ybel `mybkmem `m `uemb `mpdrjbybm `bpbt idemelkbtkbe kdkubtbe omwb pbsmde. Kdybkmebe pbsmde tdrfb`bp Pufbe ]bel Ibfb Dsb sdrtb pde`dkbtbe `mrm pb`b-Eyb idrupbkbe idth`d  pdebellucbelbe strdss ybel khestruktmg. 0.  Qdidrmksbbe Gmsmk Kdb`bbe uiui

? ibcbmsd,ldcmsbf

Kdsb`brbe

? jhiphs idetms

LJZ

? 20

P@

? 2:1/61

Zufu

? 01 1 J

^^

? >6 x/idemt

 Eb`m

? 61 x/idemt

NN sdndcui sbkmt

? 41 kl

NN sdcbib sbkmt

? 06 kl

 Eydrm

?2

Qdelkbombe Gmsmk ( Mespdksm, Qbcpbsm, Qdrkusm, Buskuctbsm) 2)  Kdpbcb Kdpbcb smidtrms, rbinut ndrldchinbel, rbinut fmtbi, tm`bk b`b kdthind, rbinut tm`bk rhethk, tm`bk b`b cdsm, tm`bk b`b eydrm tdkbe >)  Ibtb Zkcdrb tm`bk mktdrmk, kheueltmvb tm`bk bedims, pupmc mshkhr :)  Pdcmelb

 

 

Nblmbe cubr tdcmelb kbebe `be kmrm ndrsmf tm`bk b`b sdruide, tm`bk tdr`bpbt tbe`b-tbe`b megcbibsm, ndetuk tdcmelb kbebe `be kmrm smidtrms 0)  Fm`uel Pm`bk tdr`bpbt kdcbmebe ndetuk, pdrebgbsbe nueym jupmel fm`uel, tm`bk b`b pdindelkbkbe, rdbksm bcdrlm ndrsme nmcb ndr`dnu 4)  Iucut Kdndrsmfbe `bdrbf iucut kurbel `mkbrdebkbe sbkmt 7)  Lmlm Khe`msm lmlm tm`bk b`b ybel ndrcunbel 22)  Bn`hide (M) Mespdksm ? wbreb kucmt pdrut sbib `delbe bellhtb tunuf tunuf cbme

 

 

(B) Buskuctbsm ? nueym pdrmstbctmj :0 x/ idemt (Q) Qdrkusm

? nueym tmipbem

(Q) Qbcpbsm

? tm`bk b`b eydrm tdkbe btbu ybel cbme

2>)  Dkstrdimtbs Dkstrdimtbs btbs tm`bk b`b lbellube, tbelbe kbebe `be kmrm `bpbt ndrldrbk ndnbs Dkstrdimtbs nbwbf Pm`bk b`b lbellube, kbkm kbebe `be mrm `bpbt `mtdkuk `be `mcuruskbe  N.  @mblehsb Kdpdrbwbtbe Kdpdrbwbtbe

2.  Ndrsmfbe obcbe ebpbs tm`bk dgdktmg ndrfunuelbe `delbe megcbibsm pb`b  nrhejfus, pdemelkbtbe prh`uksm prh`uksm sputui, pdindetukbe d`dib.

 

>. Qhcb ebpbs tm`bk dgdktmg ndrfunuelbe `delbe prhsds megcbibsm `bcbi bcvdhcm :.  Lbellube pdrtukbrbe lbs ndrfunuelbe `delbe lbellube kbpbsmtbs  pdinbwb hksmlde `brbf, lbellube lbellube pdedrmibbe hksmlde. 0.  Lbellube phcb mstmrbfbt tm`ur ndrfunuelbe `delbe sdsbk ebpbs `be nbtuk sdrtb stmiucus cmelkuelbe 4.  Methcdrbesm bktmvmtbs ndrfunuelbe `delbe mesugmsmdesm hksmlde uetuk bktmvmtbs `be kdcdtmfbe 7.  ^dsmkh

kdtm`bksdminbelbe

eutrmsm

kurbel

`brm

kdnutufbe

tunuf

 ndrfunuelbe `delbe behrdxmb sdkue`dr bkmnbt `yspedb, kdcdibfbe, dgdk sbipmel hnbt, prh`uksm sputui, iubc/iuetbf

 

 

 

B.  MEPD^WDEZM KDQD^B\BPBE

Eh 2

@mblehsb Kdpdrbwbtbe

Puoube `be Krmtdrmb Fbsmc

Metdrvdesm

Ndrsmfbe obcbe ebgbs tm`bk dgdktmg n.` EHJ ? EMJ ? b.  ^dspmrbthry stbtus ? Wdetmcbtmhe  pdemelkbtbe prh`uksm sputui  Bmrwby sujtmhe  n.  ^dspmrbthry stbtus ? Bmrwby b.  Qbstmkbe kdnutufbe hrbc / trbjfdbc  pbtdejy sujtmhemel j.  Bspmrbtmhe Jhetrhc  n.  Buskuctbsm subrb ebgbs sdndcui `be sdsu`bf sujtmhemel. Krmtdrmb Fbsmc ? j. Meghribsmkbe pb`b kcmde `be kdcubrlb   b.  Ide`dihestrbsmkbe nbtuk dgdktmg tdetbel sujtmhemel `be subrb ebgbs ybel ndrsmf, `. Imetb kcmde ebgbs `bcbi sdndcui sujtmhe   tm`bk b`b smbehsms `be `yspedu `mcbkukbe. (ibipu ideldcubrkbe sputui, ibipu ndrebgbs `delbe iu`bf, d.  Ndrmkbe H> `delbe idelluebkbe ebsbc uetuk idigbsmcmtbsm suksmhe ebshtrbkdbc tm`bk b`b pursd` cmps) g.   Luebkbe bcbt ybel stdrmc smtmbp idcbkukbe  n. Ideueoukkbe obcbe ebgbs ybel tme`bkbe  pbtde (kcmde tm`bk idrbsb tdrjdkmk, mrbib ebgbs, grdkudesm l.  Beourkbe pbsmde uetuk mstmrbfbt `be ebpbs `bcbi sdtdcbf kbtdtdr `mkdcubrkbe `brm  pdrebgbsbe `bcbi rdetbel ebshtrbkdbc ehribc, tm`bk b`b subrb ebgbs f.   Ihemthr stbtus hksmlde pbsmde bnehribc) m.  Bobrkbe kdcubrlb nblbmibeb jbrb

 

 

j.  Ibipu idelm`detmgmkbsmkbe `be idcbkukbe suksmhe idejdlbf gbjthr ybel `bpbt  o.  Fdetmkbe suksmhe `be ndrmkbe hksmlde idelfbinbt obcbe ebgbs bpbnmcb pbsmde ideueoukkbe nrb`mkbr`m,  pdemelkbtbe sbturbsm H>, `cc.   Bmrwby Ibebldidet

b.  Nukb obcbe ebgbs, lubebkbe tdkemk jfme cmgt btbu obw tfrust nmcb pdrcu  n.  Qhsmsmkbe pbsmde uetuk idibksmibckbe vdetmcbsm j.  M`detmgmkbsm pbsmde pdrcueyb pdibsbelbe bcbt obcbe ebgbs nubtbe `.  Qbsbel ibyh nmcb pdrcu d.  Cbkukbe gmsmhtdrbpm `b`b omkb pdrcu g.  Kdcubrkbe sdkrdt `delbe nbtuk btbu sujtmhe l.  Buskuctbsm subrb ebgbs, jbtbt b`beyb subrb tbinbfbe f.  Cbkukbe sujtmhe pb`b ibyh m.  Ndrmkbe nrhekh`mcbthr nmcb pdrcu  o.  Ndrmkbe pdcdinbn u`brb Kbssb nbsbf  EbJc Cdinbn k.  Btur metbkd uetuk jbmrbe idelhptmibckbe kdsdminbelbe. c.  Ihemthr rdspmrbsm `be stbtus H>