Los Volumenes Free - Compress

 

J_ÅF T^ÆG]BGF WKN^O MBWTKWB]B\KW MO OIO^JÅF ABN^O

Futkr8 Tftrbgc H. Coaay

]rfmuggb÷i8 Hfvbor Ospbiksf

Gfpåtuak 78 Wbstoefs Ik e÷vbaos Fgtbvfmks pkr Tuasks Aks mbspksbtbvks fgtbvfmks pkr puasks quo `oeks eoigbkifmk `fstf f`krf, toiåfi pfrtos oi ekvbeboitk jbrftkrbk k laugtufito, pork aks gfepks efjiâtbgks puomoi sor grofmks sbi pfrtos e÷vbaos. _i ohoepak mo ostk os8

Oa Efrgk Efjiâtbgk mo G`fraos Layii Ktrk mbspksbtbvk mo osto tbpk os oa mo G`fraos Layii. Af tâgibgf mo fpabgfr vfrbfgbkios efjiâtbgfs pfrf oa lauhk efjiâtbgk prkmugbmk pkr ui beæi porefioito so trftf oi motfaao oi afs pftoitos mo G`fraos Layii quo so bigauyoi oi oa Fpâimbgo. Oi sus pftoitos euostrf tâgibgfs pfrf prkmugbr ekvbeboitk abiofa, ekvbeboitk rogåprkgk, ekvbeboitk gbrguafr y pfrf af gkivorsb÷i mo oiorjåf, y mf uif gfitbmfm gkisbmorfnao mo mosgrbpgbkios y oxpabgfgbkios oi gfmf uif mo oaafs. Wu pftoito prbigbpfa, quo gkitboio gboi baustrfgbkios. ]kefimk uif skabgbtum fa fzfr8 G`fraos flbref quo uif eohkrf sustfigbfa mo lauhk efjiâtbgk so puomo gkisojubr pkr oa usk mo uif mbspksbgb÷i gkek ostf8

Fquå, ui efrgk mo  Fquå, mo  `borrk muago  muago  (efjiâtbgfeoito ‑nafimk―) afebifmk afebifmk   tboio tboio   ui pkmorksk beæi  beæi  porefioito porefioito   gkakgfmk   oi  gkakgfmk oi  su goitrk y  y  sobs nknbifs  nknbifs  so oirkaafi  oirkaafi  oi afs pksbgbkios ekstrfmfs. ekstrfmfs . Oa lauhk efjiâtbgk  efjiâtbgk  moa beæi porefioito  lauyo faromomkr mo  porefioito mo fenks fenks  afmks moa efrgk

Oa motfaao gkepaotk mo ostf pftoito mo G`fraos Layii, so oiguoitrfi oi oa Fpâimbgo.

Oa Efrgk Efjiâtbgk mo Afwroigo ]souij Afwroigo ]souij  ]souij  `f prkmugbmk rogboitoeoito ui mbsoök gki prbigbpbks euy sbebafros. Wo tkef ui efrgk efjiâtbgk mo ostbak sbebafr y so bisortf ui beæi porefioito oi uik mo aks nrfzks moa nfstbmkr. F gkitbiufgb÷i, âa fpabgf flbafmks puasks mo GG f uifs nknbifs oirkaafmfs oi ui afmk moa efrgk y oxtrfo oiorjåf mo uif nknbif oirkaafmf oi oa ktrk afmk moa efrgk. F gkitbiufgb÷i so euostrfi tros ekmks mo luigbkifeboitk mbloroitos mo ostks mbspksbtbvks8

7-6

 

Afwroigo gkeoitf sknro tros pksbnaos kpgbkios. Af prbeorf quo so euostrf frrbnf os af mbspksbgb÷i mo trfislkrefmkr ostæimfr gkeorgbfa mkimo `fy ui efrgk `og`k mo afebifs mo `borrk fbsafmfs gki oa lbi mo romugbr afs gkrrboitos mo ‑Ommy―  quo mo ktrk ekmk gbrguafi pkr oa bitorbkr moa efrgk oi æijuak rogtk rospogtk f af puasfgb÷i efjiâtbgf øtba quo oiafzf af mks nknbifs unbgfmfs oi aks afmks kpuostks moa nfstbmkr. Gkek os fepabfeoito sfnbmk, osto tbpk mo mbspksbgb÷i iuigf tboio uif pktoigbf mo sfabmf efykr quo af pktoigbf mo oitrfmf. Wbi oenfrjk, osf mbspksbgb÷i puomo gfenbfrso mo vfrbfs efiorfs mbloroitos. Afwroigo `f oaojbmk gkek prbeorf vfrbfgb÷i, oabebifr uif soggb÷i moa efrgk y rooepafzfrak gki ui beæi porefioito, gkek so euostrf oi oa sbjuboito mbfjrfef. Ostk fatorf af sbtufgb÷i gkisbmorfnaoeoito yf quo oa beæi porefioito prkmugo uif gbrguafgb÷i gkitbiuf moa lauhk efjiâtbgk faromomkr mo af ostrugturf fitos mo gufaqubor toisb÷i fatorif so fpabquo f af nknbif mo oitrfmf. Wb af pktoigbf mo oitrfmf puasfito so fpabgf oi af mbroggb÷i oqubvkgfmf, gkek so euostrf oi oa mbfjrfef, mkimo aks puasks mo oitrfmf joiorfi ui lauhk efjiâtbgk quo so kpkio fa lauhk efjiâtbgk joiorfmk oi oa efrgk pkr oa beæi porefioito, oitkigos af sfabmf os eoikr mo eoikr mo ak quo `fnråf sbmk sbi oa beæi porefioito.

Wbi oenfrjk, sb f af nknbif mo oitrfmf so ao fpabgfi puasks mo ekmk quo af gkrrboito quo lauyo pkr oaaf prkmuzgf ui gfepk efjiâtbgk quo roluorgo oa gfepk efjiâtbgk moa beæi, oitkigos os pksbnao quo af pktoigbf mo sfabmf sof suporbkr f af pktoigbf mo oitrfmf. Oa "gkolbgboito mo roimbeboitk" k "GKT" moa mbspksbtbvk os af gfitbmfm mo pktoigbf mo sfabmf mbvbmbmf pkr af gfitbmfm mo pktoigbf mo oitrfmf quo oa usufrbk tboio quo fpabgfr pfrf quo oa mbspksbtbvk luigbkio. Oi osto ohoepak, oa vfakr GKT puomo sor efykr quo uik8

Gkek ostk sojurfeoito fatorf f fajuiks purbstfs, tfa voz so mono eoigbkifr quo, sb nboi so fpabgf uif soöfa mo kimf gufmrfmf f af oitrfmf mo gfmf uif mo afs baustrfgbkios fitorbkros, af sfabmf ik soræ uif kimf gufmrfmf, fuiquo so euostrf mo osf lkref pfrf efykr gafrbmfm. Oi su aujfr, afs nknbifs mo oitrfmf y sfabmf gkivortbræi af kimf gufmrfmf f uif kimf sbiuskbmfa mo nfhf gfabmfm quo s÷ak so gkivborto oi uif kimf sbiuskbmfa purf gufimk af lroguoigbf mo aks puasks gkbigbmo oxfgtfeoito gki af lroguoigbf mo roskifigbf moa movfifmk mo sfabmf. Af sbjuboito pfitfaaf moa ksgbaksgkpbk euostrf af lkref mo kimf tåpbgf mo af pktoigbf mo sfabmf, gki uif fabeoitfgb÷i mo 724.444 puasks pkr sojuimk.

@fy uif abebtfgb÷i pfrf ostk, yf quo af gfitbmfm mo lauhk efjiâtbgk quo gufaqubor efrgk puomo trfisebtbr, ostæ abebtfmf pkr oa eftorbfa moa quo ostæ `og`k oa efrgk. Oa `borrk os oa eftorbfa eæs gkeøi usfmk pfrf gkistrubr aks 7->

 

efrgks mo osto tbpk y tboio ui puitk mo sfturfgb÷i euy molbibmf. Wb oa beæi porefioito os tfi luorto quo prkvkgf af sfturfgb÷i moa eftorbfa moa efrgk fitos mo quo so fpabquo af puasfgb÷i mo oitrfmf, ik puomo `fnor ibijøi ologtk puasfito f af sfabmf. Ostk os fajk mo soitbmk gkeøi, pork mohf gafrk quo oa beæi oaojbmk ik mono sor moefsbfmk luorto pfrf oa tfefök moa efrgk, y af rfz÷i mo pkr quâ mono sor fså. Gkek ohoepak mo ostk, uif mo afs porskifs quo `fi roprkmugbmk oa mbsoök mo Afwroigo oigkitr÷ quo ik kntoiåf ibijuif jfifigbf mo pktoigbf, pkr ak gufa, ao pbmb÷ gkisohk f Afwroigo. Osto ao fgkisoh÷ kebtbr oa beæi y vor quâ pfsfnf. Ak `bzk y mo bieombftk tuvk af sfabmf ostæimfr, ekstrfimk quo tfitk su gkilbjurfgb÷i mo oitrfmf gkek su sbstoef mo eombgb÷i mo sfabmf luigbkifnfi porlogtfeoito nboi. Oitkigos gfy÷ oi guoitf mo quo oa gkihuitk mo tros befios fpbafmks quo utbabzfnf oi oa efrgk orf moefsbfmk luorto, pkr ak quo romuhk af pbaf f s÷ak mks befios o bieombftfeoito gkisbjub÷ ui roimbeboitk mo GKT 5 6,? (Af pktoigbf mo sfabmf orf ?4% efykr quo af pktoigbf mo oitrfmf).

Aks ]rfislkrefmkros mo ]`fio @obis. ]`fio `f mosfrrkaafmk, prknfmk y pftoitfmk uif mbspksbgb÷i mo trfislkrefmkr mkimo af pktoigbf mo sfabmf mo su prktktbpk os trobitf vogos efykr quo af pktoigbf mo oitrfmf. Ak akjrf eombfito oa usk mo ui iøgaok mo trfislkrefmkr oi lkref mo kg`k (mknao tkrkbmo). Wu pftoito gfifmboiso GF>?2=24? so tbtuaf "]rfislkrefmkr Nbtkrkbmfa " y os moa 60 mo oiork mo >442. Oa oxtrfgtk mbgo8 Af bivoigb÷i prkpkrgbkif ui eombk pfrf fueoitfr af olbgboigbf moa trfislkrefmkr pkr oigbef moa 644%. Oa trfislkrefmkr gkistf mo uif skaf nknbif prbefrbf y mks nknbifs soguimfrbfs. Afs mks nknbifs soguimfrbfs ostæi sbtufmfs sknro ui iøgaok tkrkbmfa soguimfrbk quo ostæ mbsoöfmk pfrf sor efitoibmk f ui ibvoa mo rosbstoigbf efjiâtbgf eæs nfhk quo oa moa iøgaok efjiâtbgk tkrkbmfa prbefrbk, oi tkmk oa rfijk mo luigbkifeboitk moa trfislkrefmkr. Fså, gufimk oa soguimfrbk moa trfislkrefmkr suebibstrf gkrrboito f uif gfrjf, oa Gfepk Oaogtrk Efjiâtbgk (GOE) ^ovorsk rosuatfito, ik puomo laubr mo rojrosk f af nknbif prbefrbf monbmk f af efykr rosbstoigbf efjiâtbgf mo mbg`k trfyogtk mo lauhk, oi gfenbk, oa GOE ^ovorsk mo af nknbif soguimfrbf sbjuo oa gfebik mo eoikr rosbstoigbf efjiâtbgf, lauyoimk f trfvâs mo af nknbif soguimfrbf fmyfgoito. Oi oa sbjuboito mbfjrfef ustom so mfræ guoitf mo quo, oa efrgk moa soguimfrbk moa trfislkrefmkr (f af morog`f), os eug`k eæs jrfimo quo oa efrgk moa prbefrbk moa trfislkrefmkr (f af bzqubormf). Osto tfefök eæs jrfimo prkmugo uif eoikr rosbstoigbf efjiâtbgf k "roaugtfigbf" gkek so ao gkikgo tâgibgfeoito. Osto pfrogo sor ui puitk eoikr, pork oi rofabmfm ik ak os, gkek so puomo vor oi aks rosuatfmks mo afs pruonfs. Oi ui trfislkrefmkr gkivoigbkifa, af pktoigbf lauyo oi oa movfifmk prbefrbk bimugo oiorjåf oi oa movfifmk soguimfrbk. Gufimk af fabeoitfgb÷i oi oa movfifmk soguimfrbk so oxtrfo pfrf rofabzfr trfnfhk øtba, so prkmugo ui lauhk mo GOE ^ovorsk quo so kpkio fa lauhk efjiâtbgk krbjbifa, ak quo `fgo quo so roquborf uif pktoigbf mo oitrfmf fmbgbkifa pfrf skstoior af kporfgb÷i. Oi osto trfislkrefmkr, oa lauhk efjiâtbgk rovorsk so mosvåf f trfvâs mo ui efrgk efjiâtbgk eæs jrfimo quo tboio uif rosbstoigbf eug`k eoikr fa lauhk efjiâtbgk y quo, gkek rosuatfmk, ‑fnskrno― oa lauhk prknaoeætbgk, oivbæimkak f trfvâs mo af Nknbif Woguimfrbf >, gkek euostrf oa mbfjrfef fitorbkr. Ostk fåsaf gfsb pkr gkepaotk af pktoigbf mo oitrfmf mo gufaqubor kpksbgb÷i, ak quo rosuatf oi uif eohkrf sustfigbfa oi af olbgboigbf mo af kporfgb÷i. Oi oa mkgueoitk mo su pftoito, ]`fio gbtf af pruonf mo ui prktktbpk quo toiåf ui nknbifmk prbefrbk guyf rosbstoigbf orf mo >,? k`ebks, y af gufa so ao fpabgfnfi 4,>2 vftbks mo pktoigbf. Af nknbif Woguimfrbf 6 toiåf ui nknbifmk gki >,2 k`ebks mo rosbstoigbf y gkisueåf 4,60 vftbks mo pktoigbf (gkisuek pkr af rosbstoigbf bitorif mo af nknbif). Af Gfrjf ^osbstbvf 6 orf mo 604 k`ebks, y gkisueåf 66,>? vftbks mo pktoigbf. Af nknbif Woguimfrbf > toiåf ui nknbifmk gki rosbstoigbf mo >,? k`ebks, y su gkisuek mo pktoigbf mo osf rosbstoigbf bitorif orfi 4,4< vftbks. Af Gfrjf ^osbstbvf > orf mo 6 k`e, y rogbnåf 4,4> vftbks mo pktoigbf. ^osueboimk, af pktoigbf mo oitrfmf orf 4,>2 vftbks y af pktoigbf mo sfabmf mo 66,?6 vftbks, ak quo oqubvfao f ui GT mo 72,< y fuiquo oa mkgueoitk ik ak eoigbkif mbrogtfeoito, af nknbif prbefrbf monåf ostfr sboimk fgtbvfmf f su lroguoigbf mo roskifigbf.

7-7

 

_if vfrbfgb÷i mo ostf mbspksbgb÷i os fjrojfr ui tkrkbmo oxtorbkr fa mknao tkrkbmo yf oxbstoito, mo ostf efiorf8

Osto prktktbpk, gkek so puomo vor, os uif gkistruggb÷i nfstfito sbepao y, sbi oenfrjk, gki uif pktoigbf mo oitrfmf mo 64 (aafefmf "soguimfrbk") y mo iuovk f trfvâs mo af Nknbif6, gkek ak euostrfi afs laog`fs fzuaos. Osto puask efjiâtbgk joiorf uif sfabmf oaâgtrbgf oi af Nknbif >, quo lauyo f trfvâs mo af gfrjf oaâgtrbgf (bauebifgb÷i, gfaolfggb÷i, mo gfrjfmkr mo nftoråfs, toaovbskr, k ak quo sof) mktæimkak mo af pktoigbf quo iogosbtf pfrf luigbkifr. @fstf f`å, tkmk os porlogtk, pork oa prknaoef os quo oa puask mo gkrrboito oi af Nknbif > tfenbâi joiorf ui puask efjiâtbgk, y pkr mosjrfgbf, oso puask lauyo oi af mbroggb÷i kpuostf fa fitorbkr, gkek ak euostrfi afs laog`fs rkhfs moa sbjuboito mbfjrfef, f af kporfgb÷i mo af Nknbif 6 y `fgboimk quo so toijf quo fueoitfr su pktoigbf mo oitrfmf gki oakpkibâimkso lbi mo suporfr osto lauhk efjiâtbgk rovorsk8

7-?

 

Ostk os ak quo `fgo quo gboitålbgks fgtufaos "oxportks" mbjfi quo af olbgboigbf oaâgtrbgf mo ui trfislkrefmkr sboepro soræ eoikr quo 644%. ]`fio `f suporfmk ostf abebtfgb÷i eombfito af tâgibgf sbepao y oaojfito mo mosvbfr oso puask efjiâtbgk rovorsk y gfifabzfrak f trfvâs mo uif våf fmbgbkifa mo nfhf rosbstoigbf fa lauhk efjiâtbgk. Oa gfebik efjiâtbgk ostæ mbspuostk mo efiorf quo af Nknbif 6 ik tboio ktrf kpgb÷i quo oivbfr su pktoigbf oi lkref mo lauhk f trfvâs moa efrgk, gkek so oxpabg÷ fitorbkreoito, pork oa puask efjiâtbgk rovorsk tkef ui gfebik eug`k eæs lægba quo ik pfsf mo iuovk pkr af Nknbif 6 oi fnskautk. Ostk fueoitf oa roimbeboitk mo efiorf eæs faaæ mo af efrgf mo 644%. Wo `fi akjrfmk olbgboigbfs mo >.744% gki nfstfito lfgbabmfm (GKT 5 >7). Oa Oa sbjuboito mbfjrfef euostrf aks lauhks efjiâtbgks moa mbspksbtbvk mo ]`fio8

Oi osto mbfjrfef, ik so euostrfi aks puasks rovorsks mo af Nknbif 7. Âstks sbjuoi oa gfebik eæs lægba pkr af pfrto oxtorif moa efrgk, kpkibâimkso mo iuovk fa puask ik mosofmk mo af Nknbif >. Oa ologtk joiorfa os quo mosmo oa puitk mo vbstf mo af Nknbif 6, aks puasks rovorsks mo af Nknbif > `fi mosfpfrogb÷, mohfimk quo af Nknbif 6 puomf guepabr su tfrof mo oitrojfr oiorjåf sbi ibijøi knstæguak. Oi  Oi  `ttps8//ykutu.no/-ANiiA=v0EV;abst5TAc@6zAmPy6Wy7[Wt6t_wtR[2 ee mo mbæeotrk. Oso `bak so utbabz÷ prbigbpfaeoito pkrquo orf f efik oi oso ekeoitk. Oa tkrkbmo `orbmf lkref af nknbif soguimfrbf y quo so oirkaaf oi af lkref joiorfaeoito gkikgbmf gkek Gkivoigb÷i mo Aug`f gkitrf oa roakh-Zbso. Tfrf oaak, oa `bak pfsf pkr oigbef moa tkrkbmo, f trfvâs moa fjuhork, `fstf oa oxtorbkr y gkitbiøf oi oa afmk morog`k mo af prbeorf vuoatf. Oa tkrkbmo tboio osto fspogtk8

Af gfrfgtoråstbgf fatfeoito biusufa moa mbsoök os quo osto tkrkbmo mo fatf poreofnbabmfm ostæ f`krf oigorrfmk oi pbozfs oi lkref mo eombf rksqubaaf mo fgork afebifmk oi lråk8

Mfvbm gkakgf ostf pfitfaaf mo fgork oitro aks movfifmks prbefrbk y soguimfrbk moa trfislkrefmkr. Oi af suporlbgbo, pfrogo bepksbnao quo oa mbspksbtbvk luigbkio, pork luigbkif, oa eohkr mosoepoök mo sor uif pktoigbf mo =04 vftbks pfrf uif oitrfmf mo 4\ y uif pktoigbf mo =F f 6>4\. Gfmf trfislkrefmkr tboio ui aåebto y oso aåebto so fagfizf gufimk oa pkmor efjiâtbgk quo lauyo f trfvâs moa tkrkbmo fagfizf af gfitbmfm eæxbef quo tkrkbmo quo puomo efiohfr. Wbi oenfrjk, af gkistruggb÷i moa tkrkbmo so gkepaotf gki afs mks pbozfs mo fgork eombk-tkrkbmo ostæ gkiogtfmk  huitks mo uif efiorf quo ik porebto oa lauhk mo gkrrboito oaâgtrbgf oitro oaaks, pksbnaoeoito, pojfmfs oitro så usfimk rosbif opkxb. Tkr øatbek, uiks =44 pbos (6>> eotrks) mo af ebsef FZJ # 6< mo fafenro so oirkaaf faromomkr mo af gfrgfsf mo fgork. Af pfrto gråtbgf mo ostf mbspksbgb÷i os oa osposkr mo af prktoggb÷i eotæabgf. Oi su pftoito =77.:4>, ]osaf mbsguto oa usk mo uif gæsgfrf prktogtkrf mo osto tbpk gki af bitoigb÷i mo rotrfsfr af rospuostf moa movfifmk soguimfrbk fa gfepk efjiâtbgk moa frrkaafeboitk prbefrbk. Tfrf osk, oa osgumk iogosbtf pfrf sfturfr oi oxfgtfeoito af 7-0

 

akijbtum gkrrogtf mo tboepk y ]osaf ostfnaogo quo so iogosbtf oxporbeoitfgb÷i pfrf motorebifr oa osposkr moa osgumk. Âa utbabz÷ fafenro mo `borrk k fbsafmk g`fpfs lbifs k tbrfs pfrf gkistrubr su osgumk. Oi eb kpbib÷i, so iogosbtf `borrk oi aujfr mo fgork, fgork efjiotbzf porefioitoeoito (f eoiks quo sof mo fgork bikxbmfnao mo nuoif gfabmfm), eboitrfs quo oa `borrk ik so gkivbortf oi porefioito efjiotbzfmk, pork toioeks quo br gki af rogkeoimfgb÷i mo osfs porskifs quo `fi gkistrubmk y prknfmk osto mbsoök, y oiguoitrfi fgork pfrf trfnfhfr nboi oi usk, f posfr mo quo so ospogblbgf gkek oa fgork "afebifmk oi lråk". Oi osto mbsoök ik os oa ebsek roqubsbtk quo oa mo ]osaf oi quo oa knhotbvk os ftrfpfr oa gfepk efjiâtbgk mo rotkrik vf mosmo af nknbif soguimfrbf mo iuovk oi af nknbif prbefrbf mkimo so kpkio f af pktoigbf mo oitrfmf.

Oa Joiorfmkr Bie÷vba mo Fatf Tktoigbf mo Gaoeoito Lbjuorf. Gaoeoito Lbjuorf mo Gfifrbfs eurb÷ oi 6240. Âa orf uif porskif euy rospotfmf, ui bijoibork y prkloskr uibvorsbtfrbk. Ao gkigomborki vfrbfs pftoitos y orf gkikgbmk pkr Ibckaf ]osaf. Oa mbsoök mo Lbjuorf os euy sbepao oi su gkitkrik. @f ovbtfmk oa roimbeboitk eftfimk Aoy Aoiz rotrkfabeoitfgb÷i efjiâtbgf eombfito uif gubmfmksf mbspksbgb÷i mo aks frrkaafeboitks mo uif uibmfm gkepaotf mo aks nknbifmks moa trfislkrefmkr. Ovbtfr oa ologtk mo af aoy mo Aoiz prkmugo ui roimbeboitk ospogtfguafr mkimo af gkrrboito oxtrfåmf mo aks movfifmks soguimfrbks ik tboio ologtk sknro af gkrrboito quo lauyo oi aks movfifmks prbefrbks. ]fenbâi `fy, ik nfgc-OEL oi afs nknbifs prbefrbfs gkek af gkrrboito lauyo gkitbiufeoito oi uif skaf mbroggb÷i gufimk pfsf f trfvâs mo afs mks ebtfmos moa movfifmk prbefrbk. Oa eâtkmk euy bitoabjoito utbabzfmk pkr Gaoeoito `fgo quo af luorzf mo af gkrrboito oi afs mks ebtfmos mo af prbefrbf f ksgbafr gki ui afmk ropotbmfeoito toior prbeork eug`k eæs fgtufa y auojk eug`k eoiks gkrrboito quo af ktrf ebtfm. Ostk joiorf gkrrboito fatorif oi aks soguimfrbks, fgtufaos quo so puomoi sfgfr luorf y utbabzfmks pfrf oa trfnfhk øtba, augos bepuasfi, gfaoitfmkros, ektkros, otg. @fy quo rogkrmfr quo oi 6240 Lbjuorf ik toiåf fggosk f aks gkepkioitos oaogtr÷ibgks mbspkibnaos pfrf iksktrks `ky y osk oxpabgf quâporefiogor âa gkistruy÷oisuoajoiorfmkr quo pftoit÷. Af `bzk sbjuboito bilkrefgb÷i prkvboio mo ui `kenro quo pkr mosof fikibeftk.moOaaf74lkref mo kgtunro mo >46>, aks sbjuboitos gkeoitfrbks sknro su ropfrfgb÷i f uif pftoito Lbjuorf quo lfatfnf fajk moa gkitoibmk. Âa mbgo8 GAOEOI]O LBJ_O^F R W_ EÆV_BIF MO OIO^JÅF BILBIB]F Kå `fnafr mo Gaoeoito Lbjuorf pkr prbeorf voz mosmo uik mo aks frtåguaks mo ]osaf. Oi 624> oa Mfbay Efba fiuigb÷ quo oa Wr. Lbjuorfs (gki uif "s"), ui bijoibork lkrostfa oi afs Bsafs Gfifrbfs, y pfrf eug`ks föks prkloskr mo Låsbgf oi oa Gkaojbk mo Wfi Fjuståi, Afs Tfaefs, `fnåf bivoitfmk ui joiorfmkr quo ik roquboro mo gkenustbnao . Oa frtåguak moa porb÷mbgk mbgo quo "Âa flbref `fnor bivoitfmk ui joiorfmkr quo puomo rogkjor oa laubmk oaâgtrbgk, pfrf pkmor jufrmfrak y fpabgfrak f lbios bilbibtks, pkr ohoepak, oi roafgb÷i gki afs tboimfs, aks lorrkgfrrbaos y aks lfnrbgfitos. Âa ik vf f mfr af gafvo mo su bivoigb÷i, pork mogafrf quo oa øibgk puitk oxtrfkrmbifrbk oi oaak os quo so `f tfrmfmk tfitk oi mosgunrbr ui `og`k gboitålbgk sbepao. Woökr Lbjuorfs `f gkistrubmk ui fpfrftk æspork pkr oa gufa, f posfr mo su poquoök tfefök y os mologtks, kntboio ??4 vkatbks, quo so utbabzf oi su prkpbf gfsf pfrf lbios mo bauebifgb÷i y pfrf fggbkifr ui ektkr mo >4 gfnfaaks mo luorzf. Woökr Lbjuorfs os bigauyoi pkgk aaojfimk f Akimros, ik gki porkk rojuafmkr, gki ui fpfrftk trfnfhk.os Wus bivoigbkios ui joiorfmkr, ui ektkr, y uifekmoaks ospogbo kmonkgotks, jknorifmkr y tkmk oamofpfrftk tfi sbepao quo ui ibök pkmråf trfnfhfrak S]kefmk mo" Ekvbeboitk Torpotuk - _if `bstkrbf mo uif knsosb÷i "U.. Rk ostfnf oi uik mo aks lkrks gufimk fajuboi eoigbkif Gaoeoito Lbjuorf y prkpkrgbki÷ fajuiks oiafgos f mkgueoitks roloroitos f su trfnfhk S6U. Oi uik mo aks mkgueoitks, eo oigkitrâ gki ak quo pfrogo sor af øibgf pæjbif quo euostrf nkgotks mo uif mo sus pftoitos. Mospuâs mo rostfurfr afs aåiofs toiuos quo euostrfi afs gkioxbkios mo aks gfnaos, eo quomâ euy skrproimbmk mo vor afs sbebabtumos oitro af lkref mo rofabzfgb÷i moa mbnuhk moa Wr. Lbjuorf y uik mo eb prkpbf murfito eæs mo-uibmfm trfislkrefmkros. Rk ostfnf euy fisbksk pkr aoor gufaqubor bilkrefgb÷i sknro oa trfnfhk moa soökr Lbjuorf y oa luigbkifeboitk mo su "Eæqubif Bilbibtf Oiorjåf '. Wo vo euy skspog`ksk quo afs pæjbifs quo mosgrbnoi af pfrto eæs bepkrtfito mo af eæqubif so `fi "pormbmk". Oitkigos eo mogbmå f fvorbjufr ostf eæqubif pkr eå ebsek.

7-2

 

THC Iktf8 mospuâs mo uif fepabf oxporbeoitfgb÷i y pruonfs, gki af fsbstoigbf mo eboenrks moa lkrk quo so ostfnaogb÷, oa sbjuboito eftorbfa os uif fgtufabzfgb÷i mo >46? oi su toxtk krbjbifa, monbmk øibgfeoito f af lkref moa iøgaok utbabzfmk oi af gkistruggb÷i mo aks gkepkioitos moa trfislkrefmkr Lbjuorf. Wo rogkeboimf quo, f posfr mo afs pârmbmfs pkr gkrrboitos pfræsbtfs, aks iøgaoks mo oaogtrkbeæi sor s÷abmks oi aujfr mo afebifmk quo pbormo uif jrfi pfrto mo af suporlbgbo mo soggb÷i trfisvorsfa moa iøgaok. Fmoeæs, toijf oi guoitf quo so skspog`f luortoeoito quo toiåf sboto gkihuitks mo oaogtrkbefios os euy bepkrtfito gkek toior afs nknbifs mo afmk f afmk aks `fgo bitorfgtufr mo afmk f afmk gkek so euostrf y `fy eøatbpaos gfenbks mo gfenbk mo lfso oi gkitfr gki vobitbgbigk uik nknbifs euy huitfs.  huitfs.  

7 - 64

 

7 - 66

 

]oijf oi guoitf quo af osgknbaaf mo gkitfgtk rktfgb÷i tboio quo sor ui tbpk "Gkiogto fitos mo mosgkioxb÷i". Os mogbr, so tboio quo toimor ui puoito f trfvâs moa ospfgbk oitro afs tbrfs mo gkitfgtk moa ostftkr fmyfgoitos, mo efiorf quo ik `fy g`bspfs monbmk fa lauhk mo gkrrboito so bitorruepo. Wojøi oa Wr. Lbjuorf, ui trfislkrefmkr mo sknro-uibmfm puomo gkistrubrso sbi oa usk mo befios porefioitos, y so nfsf oi ui gkigoptk euy sbepao. Joiorfmkr mo Lbjuorf gkistf mo tros lbafs mo oaogtrkbefios, mkimo gfmf lbaf ostæi gkiogtfmks oi sorbo. Afs lbafs mo "W" y "I" oaogtrkbefios luigb÷i quo oa prbefrbk moa trfislkrefmkr, eboitrfs quo aks oaogtrkbefios rostfitos, sbtufmks oi oa goitrk, af luigb÷i gkek oa soguimfrbk moa trfislkrefmkr. Af "W" y "I" ropksfr pkr pkaks Wur y Ikrto, rospogtbvfeoito. Oa fpfrftk bigauyo ui rosbstkr "^" quo tboio eøatbpaos jrblks gkiogtfmks f ui tbpk mo mbstrbnubmkr lkrefmk pkr ui gbabimrk mo "J" y oa gopbaak "K". Af "K" gopbaak jbrf oi oa bitorbkr moa gbabimrk "J" gfenbfr af af gkioxb÷i f aks jrblks mo rosbstoigbf. Gufimk oa gopbaak "K" jbrf faromomkr mo aks jrblks kg`k, joiorf mks kimfs sbiuskbmfaos osgfakifmf eombf mo gbgak quo ski 24 ´ luorf mo lfso uik gki oa ktrk. Wujbork quo af lbjurf 6= os oa mbfjrfef mo gfnaofmk gkek so `fnåf mfmk f gkikgor pkr oa Wr. Lbjuorf oi sus pftoitos. Oa gkepkioito eæs bepkrtfito moa sbstoef os af mbspksbgb÷i mbspksbgb÷i mo aks oaogtrkbefios so euostrf oi af af lbjurf 6=. ^oloroigbfs8 S6U `ttp8//krnk.os/ `ttp8//www.nbnabktogfpaoyfmos.iot/tosaf/osp[tosaf[>:.`te `ttp8//www.fapkef.iot/togkn/;pfjo[bm50>?0 Mfeks afs jrfgbfs fa gkafnkrfmkr fi÷ibek quo prkmuhk af bilkrefgb÷i fitorbkr sknro af knrf mo Gaoeoito Lbjuorf, mo quboi iuigf `fnåf kåmk `fnafr fitos. @fy fajuiks puitks prægtbgks quo ik `fi sbmk bigaubmks `fstf oa ekeoitk y quo monoi sor eoigbkifmks. Fquå so gkepaotf af pftoito mo Lbjuor 6240, prosoitfmk pkgks måfs fitos mo ekrbr8

TF]OI]O MO GAOEOI]O LBJ_O^F (6240) Ik. ==> mo Ikv mo 6240.

JOIO^FMK^ OAÂG]^BGK ‑LBJ_O^F―

FI]OGOMOI]OW Wb moitrk mo ui gfepk efjiâtbgk so `fgo jbrfr ui gbrgubtk gorrfmk, gkakgfmk porpoimbguafreoito f afs aåiofs mo luorzf, oi mbg`k gbrgubtk ifgoræi gkrrboitos bimugbmfs quo murfræi tfitk tboepk gkek muro oa ekvbeboitk, y guyk sbjik mopoimoræ moa soitbmk oi quo so euovf oa gbrgubtk bimugbmk. Osto os oa prbigbpfaeoito mo tkmfs afs eæqubifs efjiotk y mbifek- oaâgtrbgfs, mosmo af prbebtbvf, bivoitfmf pkr Tbxbb, oi Lrfigbf y ekmblbgfmf mospuâs pkr Gafrco `fstf aks fgtufaos mbifeks, `ky eæs porloggbkifmks. Oa prbigbpbk k nfso mo su tokråf, trfo fpfrohfmf af bioaumbnao iogosbmfm moa ekvbeboitk moa gbrgubtk bimugbmk k moa bimugtkr, y mo f`å quo so tkeoi ostfs eæqubifs gkek trfislkrefmkrfs moa trfnfhk eogæibgk oi oaogtrbgbmfm.

T^BIGBTBK MO AF BI\OIGB×I Knsorvfimk ftoitfeoito ak quo sugomo oi uif mbifek oi efrg`f, so vo quo afs ospbrfs moa bimugbmk ik `fgoi eæs quo fgorgfrso y sopfrfrso mo aks goitrks efjiâtbgks mo aks befios k oaogtrkbefios bimugtkros, y quo mbg`fs ospbrfs, oi su jbrk, vfi ftrfvosfimk soggbkios moa gfepk efjiâtbgk mo mbloroito pkmor, puos, eboitrfs osto tboio su eæxbek mo fggb÷i oi oa goitrk moa iøgaok mo gfmf oaogtrkbeæi, ostf fggb÷i so vf monbabtfimk gkilkreo oa bimugbmk so sopfrf moa goitrk moa oaogtrkbeæi, pfrf fjrfimfr ktrf voz, gufimk mbg`k bimugbmk so fprkxbef fa goitrk mo ktrk oaogtrkbeæi mo sbjik gkitrfrbk fa prbeork. Tuostk quo tkmks sfnoeks quo aks ologtks quo so efiblbostfi gufimk ui gbrgubtk gorrfmk so fprkxbef y so faohf mo ui goitrk efjiâtbgk ski aks ebseks quo gufimk, ostfimk qubotk o bie÷vba osto gbrgubtk, oa gfepk efjiâtbgk 7 - 6>

 

moitrk moa gufa ostæ gkakgfmk jfifimk y pormboimk oi bitoisbmfm3 y puostk quo tkmf vfrbfgb÷i quo pkr gufaquborf gfusf, so prkmuzgf oi oa lauhk quo ftrfvboso f ui gbrgubtk os ektbvk mo prkmuggb÷i mo gkrrboito oaâgtrbgf bimugbmf, so pois÷ oi af pksbnbabmfm mo gkistrubr uif eæqubif quo luigbkifrf, ik sojøi oa prbigbpbk mo ekvbeboitk, gkek ak `fgoi afs fgtufaos mbifeks, sbik sojøi oa prbigbpbk mo fueoitk y mbsebiugb÷i, k sof mo vfrbfgb÷i moa pkmor moa gfepk efjiâtbgk, k mo af gkrrboito oaâgtrbgf quo ak prkmugo. Af toisb÷i mo af gkrrboito tktfa mo afs fgtufaos mbifeks os af suef mo afs gkrrboitos bimugbmfs pfrgbfaos ifgbmfs oi gfmf uif mo afs ospbrfs moa bimugbmk. Tkgk bepkrtf quo ostfs gkrrboitos pfrgbfaos ostâi kntoibmfs k pkr oa jbrk moa bimugbmk, k pkr af vfrbfgb÷i moa lauhk quo afs ftrfvbosf3 pork, oi oa prbeor gfsk, so iogosbtfræ pfrf oa jbrk moa bimugbmk uif luoito efykr mo af quo so puomo kntoior trfislkrefimk oi trfnfhk eogæibgk af gkrrboito tktfa mo af mbifek, y oi oa sojuimk gfsk, af luorzf iogosfrbf pfrf gkisojubr af vfrbfgb÷i moa lauhk os tfi bisbjiblbgfito quo so puomo morbvfr sbi bigkivoiboito fajuik, mo af tktfa suebibstrfmf pkr af eæqubif. Ik `fy `fstf af prosoito ibijuif eæqubif luimfmf oi osto prbigbpbk quo ik `f sbmk fpabgfmf fui f af prkmuggb÷i mo jrfimos gkrrboitos oaâgtrbgfs bimustrbfaos, y quo oitro ktrfs voitfhfs, tboio af mo suprbebr tkmf iogosbmfm mo ekvbeboitk y pkr ak tfitk, mo af luorzf iogosfrbf pfrf prkmugbrak. Gkek ak quo so trftf mo prbvbaojbfr os af fpabgfgb÷i f af prkmuggb÷i mo jrfimos gkrrboitos oaâgtrbgfs bimustrbfaos, moa prbigbpbk quo mbgo quo ‑`fy prkmuggb÷i mo gkrrboito oaâgtrbgf b imugbmf sboepro quo so ekmblbquo mo uif efiorf gufaquborf oa lauhk mo luorzf quo ftrfvbosf oa gbrgubtk bimugbmk,― pfrogo quo nfstf gki ak fitorbkreoito oxpuostk3 sbi oenfrjk gkek ostf fpabgfgb÷i iogosbtf eftorbfabzfrso oi uif eæqubif, `fy iogosbmfm mo mosgrbnbraf gki oa lbi mo quo so vof af efiorf prægtbgf mo `fgor af fpabgfgb÷i mo mbg`k prbigbpbk. Osto prbigbpbk, ik os iuovk puostk quo ik os eæs quo uif gkisoguoigbf mo afs Aoyos mo af bimuggb÷i soitfmfs pkr Lfrfmfy oi oa fök 60768 ak quo så os iuovk y quo so quboro prbvbaojbfr os af fpabgfgb÷i mo osto prbigbpbk f uif eæqubif quo prkmuzgf jrfimos gkrrboitos oaâgtrbgfs bimustrbfaos, quo `fstf af prosoito ik so puomoi kntoior sbik trfislkrefimk oi oaogtrbgbmfm oa trfnfhk eogæibgk. \feks puos f `fgor af mosgrbpgb÷i mo uif eæqubif luimfmf oi oa fitos mbg`k prbigbpbk quo so prbvbaojbf3 pork mono `fgorso prosoito quo, gkek ak quo so skabgbtf os af pftoito pkr af fpabgfgb÷i moa prbigbpbk, tkmf eæqubif quo so gkistruyf luimfmf oi mbg`k prbigbpbk, ostfræ gkeproimbmf oi âstf pftoito, gufaquborf quo sof af lkref y efiorf quo so `fyf oepaofmk pfrf `fgor af fpabgfgb÷i.

MOWG^BTGB×I MOA JOIO^FMK^ MO OPGB]FGB×I \F^BFNAO ‑LBJ_O^F―

Af eæqubif ostæ lkrefmf pkr ui gbrgubtk bimugtkr lbhk, gkistbtubmk pkr vfrbks oaogtrkbefios gki iøgaoks mo `borrk muago quo ohorgoi bimuggb÷i oi oa gbrgubtk bimugbmk, tfenbâi lbhk o bie÷vba, gkepuostk mo vfrbks gfrrotos k ospbrfs, gkivoiboitoeoito gkakgfmfs. Gkek ibijuik mo aks mks gbrgubtks `fi mo jbrfr, ik `fy iogosbmfm mo `fgoraks romkimks, ib mo mohfr ospfgbk fajuik oitro uik y ktrk. Fquå, ak quo gfenbf gkistfitoeoito os af bitoisbmfm mo af gkrrboito oxgbtfmkrf quo befitf aks oaogtrkbefios oxgbtfmkros y ostk so gkisbjuo vfabâimkso mo uif rosbstoigbf f trfvâs mo af quo, uif gkrrboito fprkpbfmf, quo so tkef mo ui krbjoi oxtorbkr gufaquborf befitf uik k vfrbks oaogtrkbefios, y, gkilkreo af rosbstoigbf vf sboimk efykr k eoikr, af befitfgb÷i mo aks oaogtrkbefios vf febikrfimk k fueoitfimk y vfrbfimk, pkr ak tfitk, af bitoisbmfm moa gfepk efjiâtbgk, k sof moa lauhk quo ftrfvbosf fa gbrgubtk bimugbmk. Tfrf lbhfr afs bmofs os gkivoiboito vfaorso mo af lbjurf fmhuitf quo ik os eæs quo ui mbnuhfmk pfrf oitoimor oa luigbkifeboitk mo af eæqubif quo so gkistruyf sojøi oa prbigbpbk fitos rosoöfmk.

7 - 67

 

Wupkijfeks quo so trftf mo aks oaogtrkbefios roprosoitfmks pkr aks rogtæijuaks I y W. Oitro sus pkaks so `faaf oa gbrgubtk bimugbmk roprosoitfmk pkr af aåiof ‑ y― (poquoöf). Wof ‑ ^― uif rosbstoigbf quo so mbnuhf mo efiorf oaoeoitfa pfrf lfgbabtfr af gkep roisb÷i mo tkmk oa sbstoef, y ‑+― y ‑ -‑ af gkrrboito oxgbtfmkrf quo so tkef mo ui joiorfmkr oxtorbkr y oxtrfök f af eæqubif. Aks mbloroitos trkzks mo af rosbstoigbf vfi f pfrfr, gkek so vo gki oa mbnuhk f afs moajfs bigrustfmfs oi ui gbabimrk mo eftorbf fbsafito quo ik so euovo3 pork faromomkr mo âa y sboepro oi gkitfgtk gki eæs mo uif moajf jbrf uif osgknbaaf ‑ K― quo aaovf af gkrrboito moa krbjoi oxtorbkr. _ik mo aks oxtroeks mo af rosbstoigbf so `faaf oiafzfmk gki aks oaogtrkbefios I y oa ktrk gki aks oaogtrkbefios W af ebtfm mo aks oxtroeks mo afs pfrtos mo af rosbstoigbf vfi f pfrfr f af ebtfm mo afs moajfs moa gbabimrk y af ktrf ebtfm mo mbg`fs moajfs ostæ uibmf mbrogtfeoito gki afs prbeorfs. Oa luigbkifeboitk mo af eæqubif os oa sbjuboito8 so `f mbg` k quo af osgknbaaf ‑ K― jbrf faromomkr moa gbabimrk ‑J― y sboepro oi gkitfgtk gki mks mo sus moajfs. Gufimk ostæ oi gkitfgtk gki af moajf ‑ 6― af gkrrboito quo vboio moa joiorfmkr y pfsf pkr af osgknbaaf y moajf ―, vfprbeorks f befitfr fa eæxbeui aks oaogtrkbefios   I pork ik akssojuimks W pkrquo ak bepbmo tkmf af rosbstoigbf3 mo ekmk quo‑ 6aks oaogtrkbefios ostæi aaoiks mo gkrrboito y aks vfgåks. Gufimk af osgknbaaf ostæ oi gkitfgtk gki af moajf ‑ >― af gkrrboito ik vf oitorf f aks oaogtrkbefios I pkrquo tboio quo ftrfvosfr pfrto mo af rosbstoigbf3 oi gfenbk f aks oaogtrkmks W vf yf fajk mo gkrrboito pkrquo ostf tboio quo voigor eoiks rosbstoigbf quo oi oa gfsk fitorbkr. Osto ebsek rfzkifeboitk os fpabgfnao fa gfsk oi quo af osgknbaaf ‑ K― gborro oa gbrgubtk gk ek oi gfmf uif mo afs mbstbitfs moajfs `fstf quo torebifmfs afs quo ostæi oi uif soebgbrguiloroigbf oepbozfi f luigbkifr afs mo af ktrf soebgbrguiloroigbf quo ostæi mbrogtfeoito uibmfs f afs ktrfs. Oi suef af rosbstoigbf `fgo oa klbgbk mo ui mbstrbnubmkr mo gkrrboito3 puostk quo af quo ik vf f oxgbtfr uiks oaogtrkbefios oxgbtf f aks ktrks y fså sugosbvfeoito3 pumboimk mogbrso quo aks oaogtrkmks I  y W  knrfi sbeuatæiofeoito y oi kpuostk soitbmk puos eboitrfs aks prbeorks vfi aaoiæimkso mo gkrrboito so vfi vfgbfimk aks sojuimks y ropbtbâimkso osto ologtk sojubmf y krmoifmfeoito so efitboio uif fatorfgb÷i gkistfito oi aks gfepks efjiâtbgks moitrk aks gufaos so `faaf gkakgfmk oa gbrgubtk bimugbmk, sbi eæs gkepabgfgbkios quo oa jbrk mo uif osgknbaaf k jrupk mo osgknbaafs quo so euovoi gbrguafreoito faromomkr moa gbabimrk ‑J― pkr af fggb÷i mo ui poquoök ektkr oaâgtrbgk.

Gkek so vo oi oa mbnuhk af gkrrboito uif voz `f `og`k su klbgbk oi aks mbloroitos oaogtrkbefios vuoavo fa joiorfmkr mkimo bimugbmf3 so `f tkefmk3 oi gfmf rovkaugb÷i af osgknbaaf ui gfenbk mo sbjik oi afmo gkrrboito pork uiifturfaeoito gkieutfmkr quo af `fræ gkitbiuf sb fså somomosof. Mo ostf`fnræ gkrrboito so morbvf uif poquoöf pfrto y gki oaaf so oxgbtf af eæqubif gkivbrtbâimkaf oi futk oxgbtfmkrf y so fggbkif oa poquoök ektkr quo `fgo jbrfr af osgknbaaf y oa gkieutfmkr3 so rotbrf af gkrrboito oxtrföf k mo gonk y af eæqubif gkitbiuf su ebsb÷i sbi iogosbmfm mo quo ao prostoi fyumf ibijuif pfrf suebibstrfraf bimolbibmfeoito. 7 - 6=

 

Gkek af bivoigb÷i os vormfmorfeoito iuovf3 euy ftrovbmf y sknro tkmk mo gkisoguoigbfs tâgibgfs o bimustrbfaos oikreos nfhk tkmks gkigoptks, ik so `f quorbmk skabgbtfr prbvbaojbk mo bivoigb÷i `fstf ik toior luigbkifimk uif eæqubif nfsfmf oi ostks prbigbpbks ak gufa mf f osto osgrbtk af sfigb÷i prægtbgf sbi af quo soråfi biøtbaos gufitfs gkisbmorfgbkios so `bgborfi. \OI]FHFW MOA JOIO^FMK^ OAÂG]^BGK ‑LBJ_O^F―

Trbeorf Mfr, gkepaotfeoito mo nfamo, gkrrboitos oaâgtrbgfs gkitbiufs k fatorifs mo gufaquborf toisb÷i y gfitbmfm fpabgfnaos f8 6 Trkmuggb÷i mo luorzf ektrbz. > Trkmuggb÷i mo auz. 7 Trkmuggb÷i mo gfakr. = ]kmks aks moeæs usks. Wojuimf Ik iogosbtfr oi fnskautk mo luorzf ektrbz mo ibijuif gafso ib mo rofggbkios quåebgfs, ib mo ibijøi gkenustbnao. ]orgorf Ik iogosbtfr mo aunrbgfgb÷i sbik oi poquoöåsbefs gfitbmfmos. Gufrtf Wor mo vbjbafigbf tfi soigbaaf quo puomo tkefrso pkr iuaf. Vubitf Ik prkmugbr `ueks, ib rubmks, ib tropbmfgb÷i fajuif oi su luigbkifeboitk. Woxtf Wor mo murfgb÷i bimolbibmf. Wâptbef Wor fpabgfnao f tkmks aks usks mkeâstbgks o bimustrbfaos. Kgtfvf Wor mo gkistruggb÷i lægba y gkrrboito. Ikvoif Tkmorso kntoior f progbk roaftbvfeoito nfhk oi oa gkeorgbk.  ‗IK]F” 

Af pftoito mo bivoigb÷i quo pkr vobito föks so skabgbtf mono rogfor sknro ui ‑I_O\K JOIO^FM K^ MO OAOG]^BGBMFM, MOIKEBIFMK LBJ_O^F― mo oxgbtfgb÷i vfrbfnao, mostbifmk f prkmugbr gkrrboitos oaâgtrbgfs bimustrbfaos, sbi oepaok mo luorzf ektrbz, ib mo rofggbkios quåebgfs, quo ostæ osoigbfaeoito gfrfgtorbzfmk pkr mks sorbos mo oaogtrkbefios quo lkrefi oa gbrgubtk bimugtkr, oitro guyks pkaks vfi gkivoiboitoeoito mbspuostks aks gfrrotos moa bimugbmk, porefiogboimk lbhks fenks gbrgubtks, bimugbmk o bimugtkr y gkisbjubâimkso af prkmuggb÷i mo af gkrrboito bimugbmf pkr af vfrbfgb÷i gkistfito quo so `fgo sulrbr f af bitoisbmfm moa gfepk efjiâtbgk, knabjfimk f af gkrrboito oxgbtfmkrf (prkgomoito, fa prbigbpbk mo ui efifitbfa oaâgtrbgk oxtorbkr gufaquborf) f pfsfr pkr uif osgknbaaf jbrftkrbf quo oi su ekvbeboitk mo rktfgb÷i so pkio oi gkeuibgfgb÷i sugosbvf gki afs moajfs k gkitfgtks mo ui gbabimrk k fibaak mbstrbnubmkr, moajfs quo f su voz ostæi oi gkeuibgfgb÷i gki uif rosbstoigbf guyk vfakr bræ vfrbfimk mo ui eæxbeui f ui eåibeui y vbgovorsf, sojøi oa gkitfgtk k moajf moa gbabimrk quo mâ pfsk f af gkrrboito `fgbf aks oaogtrkbefios f guyk lbi mbg`f rosbstoigbf so `faaf oi gkeuibgfgb÷i gki aks oaogtrkbefios I pkr uik mo sus oxtroeks, y gki aks W pkr oa ktrk oxtroek, mo ekmk tfa, quo af gkrrboito bimugtkrf bræ befitfimk sugosbvfeoito gki efykr k eoikr luorzf f aks prbeorks f eombmf quo, gkitrfrbfeoito, bræ mbsebiuyoimk k fueoitfimk af befitfgb÷i oi aks sojuimks, motorebifimk ostfs vfrbfgbkios mo bitoisbmfm moa gfepk efjiâtbgk, af prkmuggb÷i mo af gkrrboito oi oa bimugbmk, gkrrboito quo oi su efykr pfrto pkmoeks utbabzfr pfrf gufaqubor trfnfhk, y mo af gufa skak uif poquoöf pfrto so morbvf pfrf oa fggbkifeboitk mo ui poquoök oaogtrkektkr quo `fgo jbrfr f af osgknbaaf y ktrf pfrto so mostbif f af oxgbtfgb÷i

gkitbiuf mo aks oaogtrkbefios, gki akfagufa af eæqubif gkivbortouif oi voz futkpuostf oxgbtftrbz, pumbâimksooipkr ak tfitk rotbrfr af gkrrboito oxtrföf quo sbrvb÷ prbigbpbk pfrf af so oxgbtfgb÷i, af efqubifrbf efrg`f, af gufa sbi iuovk jfstk mo luorzf gkitbiufræ oi su luigbkifeboitk bimolbibmfeoito. ]kmk mo gkilkrebmfm gki ak mosgrbtk y motfaafmk oi af prosoito eoekrbf y sojøi so roprosoitf oi aks mbnuhks quo so fgkepföfi. Nfrgoakif, 74 mo Kgtunro mo 6240. Lbrefmk8 Gkistfitbik mo Nulkri. ************** Oa mbsoök mo Lbjuorf so rofabz÷ ui goitoifr mo föks ftræs, fså quo Gaoeoito ik toiåf ibijøi tbpk mo soebgkimugtkr f su mbspksbgb÷i, pkr ak gufa, utbabz÷ ui frrojak gkieutfmkr fggbkifmk pkr ektkr pfrf prkmugbr af gkieutfgb÷i oaâgtrbgf quo iogosbtfnf. Fuiquo ik eo kpkijk oi ak fnskautk f af gkieutfgb÷i eogæibgf, ospogbfaeoito trftæimkso mo prktktbpks, oxbstoi gbortfs voitfhfspuomoi oi usfrsorgkieutfgb÷i mo ostfmk s÷abmk, y fuiquo ik ui oxportk oi af eftorbf, afs sbjuboitos sujoroigbfs øtbaos pfrf gkistrugtkros oxporbeoitfmks mosky gbrgubtks. F posfr mo quo af rosbstoigbf usfmf pkr Lbjuorf tboio skak kg`k puitks mo gkioxb÷i, af gkieutfgb÷i mono toior mbogbsâbs sfabmfs monbmk f af soguoigbf `fgbf mo gkieutfgb÷i quo so utbabzf. Wo puomo gkistrubr ui ekmuak mo 7 - 6?

 

gkieutfgb÷i mo ostfmk s÷abmk mo 6< sfabmfs usfimk mks gbrgubtks bitojrfmks GM=46:, quo ski mbvbskros pkr mboz, gkiogtfmks mo af sbjuboito lkref8

Ostf mbspksbgb÷i prkmugo mbogbsâbs sfabmfs oi soguoigbf, mo ekmk quo so monoræi uibr afs sfabmfs oi pfros pfrf quo gkbigbmfi gki af gkieutfgb÷i eogæibgf utbabzfmf pkr Gaoeoito (Oh8 6 gki 6 gki 6?, 7 gki 6=, y fså sugosbvfeoito). Ik os fgkisohfnao gkiogtfr mks sfabmfs mbrogtfeoito, pkr ak gufa, so iogosbtf usfr ui pfr mo mbkmks mo fbsafeboitk oi afs sfabmfs quo so mosof uibr. Tfrf gkisojubr lroguoigbfs mo ?4 @z k 7 = ?

Tbi Ik. G`bp 6 Tbi 7 G`bp 6 Tbi > G`bp 6 Tbi = G`bp 6 Tbi : G`bp 6 Tbi 64

Wfabmf Tfrofmf 6< (G`bp > pbi pbi ?) 6= (G`bp > pbi6) 67 (G`bp > pbi 64) 6> (G`bp > pbi :)

Gkioxb÷i mo ^osbstoigbf 6 > 7 = ?

67 6= 6? 6<

G`bp G`bp 66 Tbi Tbi 6? G`bp 6 Tbi < G`bp 6 Tbi 2 G`bp > Tbi 7 G`bp > Tbi > G`bp > Tbi = G`bp > Tbi : G`bp > Tbi 64 G`bp > Tbi 6 G`bp > Tbi ?

66 64 (G`bp (G`bp >> pbi pbi =) >) 2 (G`bp 6 pbi 2)

4 gfnfaaks mo luorzf gki su prktktbpk y sb oso ektkr ostfnf gfrjfmk f su eæxbef gfpfgbmfm, osk roprosoitf ui gkisuek 6? cbakvftbks mo pktoigbf, eæs quo sulbgboito pfrf fabeoitfr lfgbabmfm uif gfsf mo lfebabf ostæimfr. ]oijf oi guoitf quo sb aks oaogtrkbefios ostæi `og`ks mo `borrk, yf sof afebifmk k ik, oa `borrk abebtf af lroguoigbf, prknfnaoeoito f ?44 @z k eoiks, fså quo sb so usf ui gbrgubtk gki gkepkioitos mo ostfmk s÷abmk pfrf fgtbvfr oa mbspksbtbvk, `fy quo efitoior af lroguoigbf pkr monfhk mo oso vfakr. Tfrf gkisojubr uif sfabmf mo , ^7, ^=, ^?, ^< y ^:, quo oi gkihuitk, tboioi uif rosbstoigbf eug`k efykr quo ^6 pkr så skaf. Ostk `fgo quo oa lauhk mo gkrrboito f trfvâs moa oaogtrkbeæi "N" sof eug`k efykr quo oa lauhk mo gkrrboito f trfvâs moa oaogtrkbeæi "F". Gufimk oa iojftbvk mo af nftoråf "I" ostæ gkiogtfmk fa puitk "7", oitkigos   oitkigos oa lauhk mo gkrrboito f trfvâs moa oaogtrkbeæi "N" so vo knstfguabzfmk pkr af suef mo afs rosbstoigbf ^6 y ^>, pork oa lauhk mo gkrrboito f trfvâs moa oaogtrkbeæi "F" so vo knstfguabzfmk pkr af suef mo rosbstoigbfs ^7 y ^= y ^? y ^< y ^:, quo oi gkihuitk, tboioi uif rosbstoigbf eug`k efykr quo af suef mo ^6 y ^>. Ostk `fgo quo oa lauhk mo gkrrboito f trfvâs moa oaogtrkbeæi "N" føi efykr quo oa lauhk mo gkrrboito f trfvâs moa oaogtrkbeæi "F". Gufimk oa iojftbvk mo af nftoråf "I" ostæ gkiogtfmk fa puitk "=", oitkigos   oitkigos oa lauhk mo gkrrboito f trfvâs moa oaogtrkbeæi "N" so vo knstfguabzfmk pkr af suef mo ^6, ^> y ^7, y oa lauhk mo gkrrboito f trfvâs moa oaogtrkbeæi "F" so vo knstfguabzfmk pkr af suef mo afs rosbstoigbfs ^=, ^?, ^< y ^:, quo oi gkihuitk, tboioi uif rosbstoigbf efykr quo ^6 + ^> + ^7. Ostk `fgo quo oa lauhk mo gkrrboito f trfvâs moa oaogtrkbeæi "N" sof fajk efykr quo oa lauhk mo gkrrboito f trfvâs moa oaogtrkbeæi "F" (gfsb ui lauhk oqubabnrfmk sb so gkisbmorf quo af rosbstoigbf ^: sof skak af ebtfm moa vfakr mo afs moeæs rosbstoigbfs). Gufimk oa iojftbvk mo af nftoråf "I" ostæ gkiogtfmk fa puitk "?", "?", oitkigos oa lauhk mo gkrrboito f trfvâs moa oaogtrkbeæi "N" so vo knstfguabzfmk pkr ^6 + ^> + ^7 + ^=, eboitrfs quo oa lauhk mo gkrrboito f trfvâs moa oaogtrkbeæi "F" so vo knstfguabzfmk pkr ^? + ^< + ^:, quo huitks, f`krf tboioi uif rosbstoigbf eæs nfhf quo af suef mo ^6, ^>, ^7 y ^=. Ostk `fgo quo oa lauhk mo gkrrboito f trfvâs moa oaogtrkbeæi "N" sof fajk eoikr quo oa lauhk mo gkrrboito f trfvâs moa oaogtrkbeæi "F". Gufimk oa iojftbvk mo af nftoråf "I" ostæ gkiogtfmk fa puitk "I>>>> so gkiogtf f af nfso moa trfisbstkr mo pktoigbf >I74??. Gki uif jfifigbf mo gorgf mo >

 

quo uif rosbstoigbf mo =.:C porebtbråf faromomkr mo 60 feporbks. Gfmf pfr mo trfisbstkros os s÷ak porefiogo oigoimbmk pkr ui kgtfvk moa gbgak (mo `og`k, so oigboimoi mks vogos, gfmf uif mo oaafs os ui mbogbsobsfvk moa gbgak), pork aks trfisbstkros >I74?? iogosbtf pfrf ekitfrso oi ui mbsbpfmkr mo gfakr. Wb so usf uif skaf pafgf mo eotfa gkek mbsbpfmkr mo gfakr pfrf aks kg`k trfisbstkros >I74??, oitkigos so mono usfr frfimoafs mo ebgf (mbspkibnao oi oa prkvoomkr mo aks trfisbstkros) oitro gfmf trfisbstkr y af pafgf mbsbpfmkrf, monbmk f quo oa gkaogtkr mo gfmf trfisbstkr >I74??, os oa oigfpsuafmk moa ebsek, y aks gkaogtkros ik monoi ostfr oi gkitfgtk uiks gki ktrks puos so gkiogtfi f puitks mbloroitos. Afs frfimoafs mo ebgf mohfi pfsfr oa gfakr pork ik af oaogtrbgbmfm. ]fenbâi os euy rogkeoimfnao usfr jrfsf mo sbabgkif pfrf ekitfho mo trfisbstkros, f lbi mo eohkrfr af mbsbpfgb÷i mo gfakr. Ktrf kpgb÷i, os usfr mbsbpfmkros târebgks bimbvbmufaos pfrf gfmf gfmf trfisbstkr. Oa gkimoisfmkr "G" oi oa osquoef fitorbkr, prknfnaoeoito ik soræ iogosfrbk. Af gkieutfgb÷i iogosbtf efitoior ui lauhk mo gkrrboito gkistfito f trfvâs mo fenks oaogtrkbefios. Rk oagrok quo oa g`bp ui =46: os ak sulbgboitoeoito ræpbmk gkek pfrf porebtbr quo ostk sugomf. Wb osto ik rosuatf sor gfsk, oitkigos poquoök gkimoisfmkr (prknfnaoeoito 644iL k eoiks) puomo rotrfsfr af mosgkioxb÷i mo aks trfisbstkros oa tboepk sulbgboito pfrf porebtbr quo so oigboimf oa trfisbstkr sbjuboito oi af soguoigbf, y prkpkrgbkifr fså oso poquoök ‑skafpfeboitk― mo puasks, quo so roquboro.   Gkek so bimbgf oi af tfnaf ekstrfmf fitorbkreoito, aks pbios moa gbrgubtk bitojrfmk GM=46: quo fabeoitf f aks pfros mo trfisbstkros f trfvâs mo aks mbkmks 6I=446 (k sbebafros) ski8 BG6 pbi 7 o BG> pbi < BG6 pbi > o BG> pbi ? BG6 pbi = o BG> pbi 6 BG6 pbi : o BG> pbi 64 BG6 pbi 64 o BG> pbi : BG6 pbi 6 o BG> pbi = BG6 pbi ? o BG> pbi > BG6 pbi < o BG6 pbi 2

pfrf oa puitk mo rosbstoigbf mo gkioxb÷i 6. pfrf oa puitk mo rosbstoigbf mo gkioxb÷i >. pfrf oa puitk mo rosbstoigbf mo gkioxb÷i 7. pfrf oa puitk mo rosbstoigbf mo gkioxb÷i =. pfrf oa puitk mo rosbstoigbf mo gkioxb÷i ?. pfrf oa puitk mo rosbstoigbf mo gkioxb÷i oxpabgf aks gbrgubtks oaogtr÷ibgks oaogtr÷ibgks gki eæs motfaao. _i gkitrbnuyoito quo mosof porefiogor oi oa fikibeftk ik ao justf af mbspksbgb÷i mo gbrgubtk so euostrf frrbnf y prolboro osto gbrgubtk quo `f gkistrubmk y prknfmk8

7 - >7

 

Oa ITI Mfrabijtki trfisbstkr NMP?7 oi osto gbrgubtk ik ostæ mbspkibnao oi tkmfs pfrtos moa euimk y sb osf os af sbtufgb÷i oi su ærof, oitkigos utbabzf ui trfisbstkr >I>>>> fefefitfr fa >I74?? (k ]BT74??) trfisbstkr gkek so euostrf bibgbfaeoito luigbkifræ mo af ebsef efiorf.

Ktrks Lbjuorf Mosbjis Ktrfs pftoitos mo Gaoeoito Lbjuorf euostrfi su gkeproisb÷i mo af kporfgb÷i mo Aoiz-Aoy jrftubtf quo porebto fgtufgbkios mkimo af pktoigbf mo sfabmf os suporbkr f af pktoigbf mo oitrfmf. Tkr ohoepak, af pftoito ospfökaf 747:< mo 4? mo soptboenro 624> mo Lbjuorf y Tomrk Nafsnorj, quo os, pkr supuostk, uif pftoito fitorbkr f af quo so mbsgutb÷ fitorbkreoito, euostrf ui joiorfmkr abnro Aoy Aoiz quo s÷ak iogosbtf uif poquoöf gfitbmfm mo oiorjåf pfrf `fgor jbrfr oa oho moa joiorfmkr. Af pftoito soöfaf quo oi ui joiorfmkr ostæimfr, ik os mblågba mo `fgor jbrfr oa rktkr 'frefmurf' sb ik `fy gkrrboito ostæ sboimk oxtrfåmf mo afs nknbifs mo sfabmf f posfr mo quo ostæi oirkaafmks oi ui iøgaok mo `borrk. Gufimk so oxtrfo uif gkrrboito mo sfabmf, quo gkivborto af gkrrboito mo rktkr mo `borrk oi ui beæi quo os mblågba mo jbrfr monbmk f quo os ftrfåmk `fgbf oa ostftkr mo `borrk efjiâtbgk quo ostæ gfusfimk oa rktkr jbro. Tfrf ovbtfr osto frrfstro quo mblbguatf oa ekvbeboitk moa rktkr, af pftoito pfrogo mogbr quo oa `borrk oi oa rktkr mono sor kebtbmk y oa eotfa moa ostftkr molbibtbvfeoito mono sor mo ui tbpk quo efjiotbzf lægbaeoito, pork quo ik rotboio su efjiotbsek tfi prkitk gkek oa bilaubr oi oa gfepk efjiâtbgk so oabebif. Af joito pfrogo poisfr quo oa usk mo fgork os porebsbnao, pork oa fgork efjiotbzfnao so gkivborto oi ui beæi porefioito gufimk so gkakgf oi ui gfepk efjiâtbgk luorto y af pftoito sunrfyf quo ik efjiotbsek mono porefiogor oi oa eotfa gufimk so oabebif oa gfepk efjiâtbgk. Lbjuorf mosgrbno af sbtufgb÷i mo ostf efiorf. Woöfaf quo af zkif efjiâtbgf fgtbvf oitro tros gkepkioitos efjiâtbgks mo ui ostftkr os fså8

7 - >=

 

Fquå, afs pbozfs moa ostftkr tboioi pkaks efjiâtbgks quo ftrfoi oitro så, gfusfimk ui luorto lauhk efjiâtbgk f trfvâs moa ospfgbk mo fbro oitro aks gkepkioitos efjiâtbgks. F gkitbiufgb÷i, so prkpkio quo ui poquoök ektkr `fgo jbrfr uif sorbo mo nugaos mo fafenro mo gknro mo ekmk quo pfsfi f trfvâs moa ærof fgtbvf mo lkref gkitbiuf.

Ik sâ sb ostk so trfmugo oi ovbtfr oa ologtk frrfstro oxporbeoitfmf pkr af efykråf mo aks joiorfmkros, pork pfrogo sojurk quo oa ologtk mo frrfstro so romugbræ mræstbgfeoito. Ostf pftoito os bepkrtfito, yf quo euostrf g÷ek Lbjuorf ostæ poisfimk oi oa prknaoef. 7 - >?

 

Lbjuorf auojk pfsf f af kporfgb÷i bie÷vba oi su 74.7:0 pftoitos ospfökafs tfenbâi moa 4? mo soptboenro 624>, Oi ostf pftoito prkpkio ui ostftkr bie÷vba gkepuostf pkr mks pbozfs oi lkref mo ostf efiorf8

Ostfs pbozfs tboioi oitkigos nknbifs gkakgfmfs oi aks nrfzks8

Ik `fy ibijuif iogosbmfm rofa mo utbabzfr nknbifs g÷ibgfs gkek Lbjuorf euostrf sb oa efrgk so `fgo ui pkgk eæs jrfimo, fuiquo oi ibvoaos mo fatf pktoigbf pkmråf bepabgfr oa fueoitk moa posk moa iøgaok gkisbmorfnaoeoito, fuiquo oa efrgk ik aaovf f af pktoigbf moa joiorfmkr. 7 - ><

 

Afs nknbifs ski oitkigos bitorgkiogtfmks f lbi mo mfr ui Ikrto (nusgfimk) pkak kpuostk mo ui Wur (nusgfimk) pkak f trfvâs mo gfmf `uogk. Afs nknbifs ostæi tkmks gkiogtfmks oi sorbo mo efiorf quo gufimk so fpabgf gkrrboito fatorif f af gfmoif mo nknbifs, oa gfepk efjiâtbgk f trfvâs mo aks `uogks os sboepro oa IW ÷ptbefs mo lauhk efjiâtbgk. Tfrf ropotbgbkios `ky oi måf, eo befjbik quo aks mosfrrkaafmkros pkmråfi torebifr ostks kg`k nknbifs gkek nknbifs n-lbafr gkek aks quo `fi sbmk gkigonbmks pkr ]osaf ospogålbgfeoito pfrf joiorfr ui gfepk efjiâtbgk eæs bitoisk oi sbtufgbkios gkek ostf. Tkr øatbek, afs nknbifs mo iøgaok mo fbro mo eug`fs vuoatfs so gkakgfi oi aks `uogks efjiâtbgks gkek âsto8

Gki ostf mbspksbgb÷i, oa fueoitk mo gkisuek mo gkrrboito mo aks guftrk nknbifs mo sfabmf mono toior pkgk k ibijøi ologtk sknro af pktoigbf mo oitrfmf pfsf f trfvâs mo aks kg`k nknbifs mo oaogtrkbeæi. Afs nknbifs mo sfabmf puomoi sor utbabzfmks bimbvbmufaeoito k gkiogtfmks oi sorbo pfrf uif efykr toisb÷i k oi pfrfaoak pfrf efykr fgtufa.

Oa Faoxckr Gork \kavor OEL Nknbifs Faox oi ^usbf quo `f gkepfrtbmk vfrbks mo sus sbstoefs mo bepuasks mo gfrjf pfrf afs nftoråfs bie÷vbaos, f`krf gkepfrto su mbsoök quo ik pfrogo toior ibijøi ologtk nfgc-OEL oi af nknbif prbefrbf. Wb oso os oa gfsk, oitkigos gufaqubor fueoitk oi oa gkisuek mo gkrrboito mo sfabmf ik tboio ui fueoitk gkrrospkimboito oi af gkrrboito quo lauyo f trfvâs mo af nknbif prbefrbf. Osk os gkepaotfeoito mbloroito f af lkref oi af quo kporf ui trfislkrefmkr gkivoigbkifa. Af mbspksbgb÷i os fajk fså gkek af mbspksbgb÷i moa trfisebskr / rogoptkr mo Mki Webt` y sb nboi pfrogo sor ui frrojak sbepao, ik ak os. Faox sfgf su gkilbjurfgb÷i mo nknbif gkek ostk8

7 - >:

 

Fquå, su lkref oaojbmf mo af gkistruggb÷i os uif ostrugturf mo mkgo trfeks mo tunoråfs mo paæstbgk mo mbæeotrk >4 ee - guftrk oi af pfrto suporbkr, guftrk oi af pfrto bilorbkr y guftrk vortbgfaos. Gfmf tunk so aaoif mo pkavk mo lorrbtf y `fy uif nknbif mo sfabmf mo af `orbmf oi gfmf uik mo aks guftrk tunks vortbgfaos. Wuspoimbmk oi oa goitrk os af nknbif prbefrbf quo os 6? ee mo mbæeotrk. Aks gbigk nknbifs so oirkaafi utbabzfimk 4,? ee mo mbæeotrk fafenro mo gknro osefatfmk (WZJ >? k FZJ # >=). Eboitrfs quo oa mbnuhk mo Faox euostrf ui skak `bak mo fafenro, af mbspksbgb÷i rofa mo afs guftrk nknbifs mo sfabmf os quo so oirkaafi gkek uif skaf gfpf mo af nknbif nb-lbafr8

Tfrf oaak, afs nknbifs mo sfabmf so oirkaafi gki mks `onrfs mo fafenro mo afmk f afmk, oi uif skaf gfpf f ak afrjk mo af akijbtum mo af tunoråf mo paæstbgk. Oitkigos, oa bibgbk mo ui gfnao ostæ gkiogtfmk fa oxtroek moa ktrk gfnao. Gkek afssonknbifs ostæi aaoifs lorrbtf, quo puomoi luigbkifr fatfsbiuskbmfa lroguoigbf, af nknbif prbefrbf 6? ee fabeoitf, yf sof gki mo puasks mo gkrrboito gkitbiuf k uif fkimf GF.gufimk Gfmf nknbif mo sfabmf puomo prkpkrgbkifr uif sfabmf sopfrfmf k afs nknbifs mo sfabmf puomo sor gkiogtfmk oi sorbo pfrf mfr ui vkatfho eæs fatk k gkiogtfmk oi pfrfaoak pfrf mfr uif gkrrboito mo sfabmf efykr. Faox tfenbâi euostrf g÷ek tkrkbmos mo lorrbtf puomo utbabzfrso, bigausk gki af rom mo >>4 \, pfrf mfr af kporfgb÷i moa trfislkrefmkr mo bivorsk-LOE-abnro. Wb af lroguoigbf mo oitrfmf os tfi nfhf gkek af rom oaâgtrbgf, f gkitbiufgb÷i, aks tkrkbmos puomoi sor tbpks mo pkavk mo `borrk k puomoi sor gkistrubmks f pfrtbr mo guöfs mo `borrk mo af ebsef efiorf quo aks trfislkrefmkros mo rom krmbifrbks so gkistruyoi. Wbi oenfrjk, pkr lfvkr oitboimf gafrfeoito quo af gkrrboito quo lauyo f trfvâs mo gufaqubor nknbif gkiogtfmf f uif luoito mo fatk vkatfho gkek 664\ k >>4\ y oa usk mo gufaquborf mo afs sbjuboitos gkilbjurfgbkios, ostæ abebtfmf pkr af bepomfigbf mo af prkpbf nknbif. 'Bepomfigbf' os ologtbvfeoito "rosbstoigbf GF ― oi af lroguoigbf mo af toisb÷i fatorif. Wb af bepomfigbf mo af nknbif os nfhf, oitkigos af gkrrboito quo lauyo f trfvâs mo af nknbif soræ fatk y puostk quo af pktoigbf mbsbpfmf pkr oa lauhk mo gkrrboito os mo vkatfho x gkrrboito, af mbsbpfgb÷i mo pktoigbf gki ui fueoitk mo af gkrrboito suno euy ræpbmfeoito gufimk oa ibvoa mo toisb÷i os tfi fatf gkek >>4 vkatbks. Af mbsbpfgb÷i mo pktoigbf os oi af lkref mo gfakr, quo sbjiblbgf quo gki oxgosbvf mbsbpfgb÷i mo pktoigbf, oa fafenro oi af nknbif os mo luimbr k 'quoefr' oi ui beprosbkifito mostoaak aafefs, moa oa `uek y oa nknbifmk fafenro oiiojrogbmk. Oisusgoptbnao gkisoguoigbf, af nknbif tboio quo toior eug`fs vuoatfs y oamombæeotrk fafenro mono sor sulbgboito pfrf aaovfr oa lauhk mo gkrrboito - af tfnaf mo fafenro oi af pæjbif 6 moa Fpâimbgo euostrf af gkrrboito quo puomo sor trfispkrtfmf pkr gfmf tfefök mo fafenro gufimk so oirkaaf oi uif nknbif . Wb ik `fy ibijøi ologtk bivorsk-LOE gki afs sbjuboitos gkilbjurfgbkios, auojk af gkrrboito oi oa movfifmk prbefrbk 7 - >0

 

gkiogtfmk f trfvâs mo af rom oaâgtrbgf ik so voræi flogtfmks pkr afs ktrfs nknbifs, fså quo roguormf quo gufimk so propfrf af nknbif prbefrbf. Af prbeorf mbspksbgb÷i utbabzf tros tkrkbmos pfrf mfr guftrk sfabmfs sopfrfmfs. Af gfitbmfm mo gkrrboito quo so puomo oxtrfor mo gufaqubor soguimfrbf mopoimo mo af gfitbmfm mo lauhk efjiâtbgk quo puomo sor trfispkrtfmf pkr oa iøgaok efjiâtbgk k iøgaoks oitro af nknbif prbefrbf y quo af nknbif soguimfrbf pfrtbguafr. Knvbfeoito, af sfabmf mo gkrrboito tfenbâi so voræ abebtfmk pkr af gfpfgbmfm mo gkimuggb÷i mo gkrrboito moa fafenro usfmk oi af nknbif soguimfrbf. Wb so suporf oso ibvoa mo gkrrboito pkr gufaqubor poråkmk mo tboepk, oitkigos oa fbsafeboitk moa gfnao vf f lrfgfsfr, jbrks gkrtkgbrgubtfræi huitks, af bepomfigbf mo af nknbif gforæ, oa fgtufa fueoitk mo eæs y af nknbif so quoefræ - fså, oa soitbmk gkeøi so pbmo.

Fquå, af nknbif prbefrbf "6 "6" so oirkaaf oi ui tkrkbmo quo os `krbzkitfa oi af befjoi mo frrbnf, y afs nknbifs soguimfrbfs "> ">" so oirkaaf oi tkrkbmos quo so euostrfi gkek vortbgfa oi oa mbnuhk. Oa puitk bepkrtfito fquå os quo aks tkrkbmos gki afs nknbifs soguimfrbfs, tkgfi oa tkrkbmo nknbif prbefrbf oi æijuaks rogtks, os mogbr, f 24 jrfmks. Tkr gkivoiboigbf mo nknbifr afs nknbifs, gufaqubor tkrkbmo puomo sor oisfenafmk f pfrtbr mo mks tkrkbmos eombk quo porebto quo af nknbif pfrf oirkaafr pkr sopfrfmk y uif voz torebifmk, so mosabz÷ f uik mo aks tkrkbmos eombf oi lkref mo G fitos mo quo afs mks ebtfmos so gkakgfi huitks pfrf lkrefr af gkepaotf tkrkbmo. Af sojuimf mbspksbgb÷i utbabzf tros tkrkbmos8

R af torgorf mbspksbgb÷i utbabzf guftrk tkrkbmos, oi uif eæs pktoito mbspksbgb÷i oi af quo oa lauhk efjiâtbgk gfpfgbmfm mo gfrjf moa trfislkrefmkr so mupabgf gkek oa ærof mo af soggb÷i trfisvorsfa mo aks tkrkbmos bitorbkr so mupabgf gfmf nknbif. Ostf os uif mbspksbgb÷i eæs mblågba mo gkistrubr y sb afs nknbifs `fi mo sor oirkaafmf oi uif nknbifmkrf mo nknbif sopfrfmf, f gkitbiufgb÷i, gfmf uik mo aks tkrkbmos iogosbtfi sor `og`k mo uif eombftkrkbmo eæs mks tkrkbmos trbeostro mo ekmk quo afs nknbifs so puomoi mosabzfr f mks pkr sopfrfmk soggbkios mo ui gufrtk mo tkrkbmos quo so gurvæimkso oi mbroggbkios kpuostfs, f eoiks quo, pkr supuostk, oa mbæeotrk bitorbkr mo afs nknbifs os nfstfito eæs jrfimo quo af soggb÷i trfisvorsfa tkrkbmfa (quo romugo oa iøeork mo vuoatfs pfrf gufaqubor akijbtum mfmf mo gfnao mo af nknbif)8

7 - >2

 

Wb ostks oaoeoitks mo trfislkrefmkr mo sbepaos mbspksbtbvks kporfi gkek bivorsk-LOE-abnros, gkek so robvbimbgf, f gkitbiufgb÷i, oa gkisuek mo gkrrboito mo gufaqubor, k tkmks, mo aks movfifmks soguimfrbks ik tboio ibijøi ologtk sknro af gkrrboito quo lauyo f trfvâs mo af nknbif prbefrbf. Ostk os euy mbloroito mo aks trfislkrefmkros gkeorgbfaos prosoitos måfs quo so oirkaafi mo lkref sbeâtrbgf, quo f su voz prkvkgf oa gkisuek mo gkrrboito oi af nknbif soguimfrbf pfrf lkrzfr ui fueoitk mo gkrrboito oi oa movfifmk prbefrbk. Faox (`ttp8//www.rfmbfit=yku.iot/ )  tfenbâi euostrf ktrf mbspksbgb÷i quo utbabzf sboto tkrkbmos. Flbref quo ostf mbspksbgb÷i os tfenbâi abnro mo af oiorjåf quo mospormbgbfi nfgc-OEL mbsoöks utbabzfmks oi af fgtufabmfm oi af efykråf mo aks frtåguaks gkeorgbfaos mo oqubpks. Wo ospogblbgf quo af lroguoigbf mo kporfgb÷i provbstk os ?4 @z, quo os af lroguoigbf mo af rom gkek af mbloroigbf oitro ?4 @z y >4\ oitrfmf mo rom. Af flbifgb÷i os euy pfrogbmf f af mo af ^ktk\ortor euostrf oi oa gfpåtuak >. Af mbstrbnugb÷i låsbgf os8

Oa tkrkbmo goitrk so oirkaaf faromomkr mo su gbrguiloroigbf gkek so bimbgf pkr oa gkakr fzua. Osto movfifmk os fabeoitfmk mbrogtfeoito gki af luoito mo gkrrboito mo oitrfmf, quo ikrefaeoito soråf mo af rom oaâgtrbgf k mosmo ui trfislkrefmkr mo rom, prknfnaoeoito f ui vkatfho eoikr. @fy, puos, mkgo nknbifs mo sfabmf, sobs so euostrf fquå oi vormo y sobs fpfrogoi oi rkhk. Tfrf ui eohkr luigbkifeboitk, gfmf uif mo ostfs nknbifs mo sfabmf monoi sor "flbifmk" pfrf af nknbif goitrfa y quo `fy quo `fgor fa fatorfr oa tfefök moa gkimoisfmkr pkr eombk mo oxporbeoitks pfrf kntoior oa eohkr roimbeboitk mo gfmf nknbif. Gufimk so fhustf gkrrogtfeoito, ak quo fueoitf oa gkisuek mo gkrrboito mo gufaquborf mo afs nknbifs mo sfabmf ik fueoitf oa pkmor quo lauyo oi af nknbif mo oitrfmf goitrfa. Ostk gkitrfmbgo ak quo so oisoöf ikrefaeoito oi afs osguoafs y uibvorsbmfmos, yf quo ski s÷ak lfebabfrbzfmk gki trfislkrefmkros y ektkros mkimo oa fueoitk mo af gkrrboito mo sfabmf ik so kpkioi mo `og`k af pktoigbf mo oitrfmf sbeâtrbgfeoito `orbmfs, gfusfimk uif efykr oitrfmf mo rosbmuks fgtufa y oa gfakr. Oa gbrgubtk os8 7 - 74

 

Af nknbif fzua tboio af oitrfmf mo fabeoitfgb÷i oi "F" y oa gkimoisfmkr oi sorbo gki gfmf nknbif ostæ faaå pfrf kntoior tkmks aks nknbifmks pfrf roskifr f af ebsef lroguoigbf. Aks frtåguaks "N" y "G" roprosoitfi af gfrjf øtba sboimk bepuasfmk pkr gfmf nknbif, fuiquo, knvbfeoito, s÷ak mks mo afs nknbifs mo sfabmf mkgo so euostrfi oi oa mbfjrfef moa gbrgubtk fitorbkr, y `fy ktrks gbigk vormo y gbigk nknbifs rkhfs quo ik so euostrfi oi oa mbfjrfef moa gbrgubtk.

Os prknfnaoeoito af poif rogkrmfr quo af fmbgb÷i mo ui beæi f ui trfislkrefmkr mo iøgaok tkrkbmfa k mo nugao gorrfmk puomo fueoitfr af sfabmf sboepro quo oa beæi porefioito ik os ak sulbgboitoeoito luorto gkek pfrf sfturfr gkepaotfeoito oa iøgaok iøgaok y ovb ovbtfr tfr af ksgbafgb÷i moa lauhk efjiâtbgk. Ostk `f sbmk moekstrfmk pkr Afwroigo ]souij, Jrf`fe Juimorski y ktrks, y pkr ak quo pkmråf vfaor af poif oxporbeoitfr eæs gki ostfs gkilbjurfgbkios f ak afrjk mo afs aåiofs quo so euostrfi oi oa vbmok oi `ttps8//www.ykutuno.gke/wftg`;v5s]n?q2k0L0g&abst5__fC@FmR67jp-ui>`i[@Ho`j&bimox56&lofturo5pagp.  `ttps8//www.ykutuno.gke/wftg`;v5s]n?q2k0L0g&abst5__fC@FmR67jp-ui>`i[@Ho`j&bimox56&lofturo5pagp.

Af \orsb÷i Eæs Woigbaaf8 Faoxckr `f prkmugbmk ui mbsoök mo Aoiz-aoy abnro sbepablbgfmf, utbabzfimk tkrkbmos gkeorgbfaos yf af `orbmf gkek trfislkrefmkros mo rom romugtkros. _i prkvoomkr os  os  `ttp8//www.oaogtrk-epk.ru/gfrm0?>=.`tea#.\PslCaBki:s `ttp8//www.oaogtrk-epk.ru/gfrm0?>=.`tea#.\PslCaBki:s  gki trfislkrefmkros mo osto tbpk quo so klrogoi8

7 - 76

 

Af tâgibgf os oabebifr af pafgf quo gunro af fnorturf goitrfa y af gkioxb÷i mo aks movfifmks >>4\ y 664\ oi sorbo. Mks mo ostks trfislkrefmkros so utbabzfi, gfmf uik mo oaaks gkiogtfmk gki sus frrkaafeboitks >>4\ y 664\ gkiogtfmks oi sorbo y auojk aks tkrkbmos gfmf afmk gkakgfmk mo afmk k, fatoriftbvfeoito, fpbafmfs uif oigbef mo af ktrf gki uif jruosf aæebif mo 6 ebaåeotrk mo paæstbgk oitro oaaks. Oi af gkilbjurfgb÷i mkimo aks tkrkbmos "F" y "N" so gkakgfi fa afmk moa ktrk, uif oxtrfggb÷i mo oiorjåf mo nknbifmk "M" so oirkaaf oitro oaaks8

Oi oa gfsk mkimo aks tkrkbmos "F" y "N" ostæi mbspuostks oi uif pbaf gki aæebif mo paæstbgk 6 ee oitro oaaks, af oxtrfggb÷i mo oiorjåf mo nknbifmk "M" so oirkaaf faromomkr mo afs mks tkrkbmos, oigorrfimk aks mks8

Eboitrfs quo oa movfifmk "M" so euostrf gkek uif tbrf ostrog`f oi oa mbfjrfef, quo os s÷ak pfrf `fgor oa mbnuhk eæs lægba mo oitoimor gkek oi af rofabmfm, oa movfifmk "M" so gkitbiøf tkmk oa gfebik faromomkr mo af tktfabmfm mo af gbrguiloroigbf mo aks tkrkbmos y quo puomo sor eug`fs gfpfs prkluimfs pfrf fmfptfrso f af toisb÷i mo sfabmf mosofmf. ]krkbmo "F" tboio ui gkimoisfmkr mo sbitkibzfgb÷i "G6" quo so fhustf oi oa vfakr pfrf akjrfr af roskifigbf oi mbg`k gbrgubtk gkek quo ebibebzf af gkrrboito quo lauyo oi tkrkbmo "F" mo af rom oaâgtrbgf. 7 - 7>

 

]krkbmo "N" tboio ui "G>" gkimoisfmkr quo so fhustf pfrf mfr af eæxbef toisb÷i mo sfabmf (ikrefaeoito 467, mks `kenros nrfsbaoöks, Ibaski Nfrnksf y Gaorbstki Aofa, punabg÷ uif sorbo mo pftoitos quo pfrogoi sor euy bepkrtfitos. Wu pftoito ZK >467/64=4=> punabgfmf oa 60 mo huabk mo >467, so tbtuaf "mbspksbtbvk oaogtrkefjiâtbgk pfrf gfpturf mo oaogtrkios mo af tborrf pfrf joiorfr oaogtrbgbmfm" y tboio fajuifs gfrfgtoråstbgfs euy bitorosfitos. Oi âa so mosgrbno ui mbspksbtbvk sbepao quo mosgrbnoi gkek uif "trfepf mo oaogtrkios". Wus pftoitos ostæi osgrbtks oi pkrtujuâs y oi ui bitoitk mo trfmuggb÷i mo tros mo oaaks so bigauyo fa lbifa moa Fioxk. _if gfrfgtoråstbgf biusufa mo osto mbsoök os oa `og`k mo quo tboio ui nugao mo gkimugtkr gkitbiuk, oi oa quo so flbref, af gkrrboito lauyo gkitbiufeoito, bigausk sbi af iogosbmfm mo ui vkatfho fpabgfmk. Oi gfenbk, os quo aks gfepks efjiâtbgks mo aks oaogtrkbefios quo sbjf lauyoimk af gkrrboito. Flbrefi quo uif gfitbmfm bisbjiblbgfito mo pktoigbf mo oitrfmf prkmugo uif pktoigbf gkisbmorfnao, y gkisbmorfi ui GKT mo 644 sof sknro oa roimbeboitk eåibek quo so puomo osporfr mo oa mbsoök. Ostk os uif oitrfmf mo 6 vftbk pfrf uif sfabmf mo 644 vftbks. _if vorsb÷i mo af trfepf mo oaogtrkios so vo fså8

Aks bivoitkros mosgrbnoi su mbspksbtbvk gkek osto8 "osto mbspksbtbvk oaogtrkefjiâtbgk mo gfepk joiorfmkr, fabeoitfmk pkr uif luoito mo oiorjåf, prkmugo ui gfepk oaogtrkefjiâtbgk quo bimugo uif gkrrboito oaâgtrbgf oi ui gbrgubtk gkimugtkr gorrfmk, grofimk uif bitorfggb÷i oitro aks pkaks efjiâtbgks mo aks oqubpks y mo aks aks pkaks efjiâtbgks mo af tborrf - tfitk f trfvâs mo af ftrfggb÷i y af ropuasb÷i oaogtrkefjiâtbgf. _i suebibstrk sbi lbi mo oaogtrkios so oxtrfo mo af tborrf oi oa nugao gkimugtkr gorrfmk, oa gufa ostæ gkiogtfmk f af tborrf f trfvâs mo uif rom bitorgkiogtfmf gkimugtkrf. Aks oaogtrkios ftrfåmks föfmbr f af gkrrboito yf quo lauyo oi oa nugao gkimugtkr gorrfmk, pkr akso quo af pktoigbf pfrf af gkimuggb÷i afs gfrjfs quo oa prkpbk mbspksbtbvk suebibstrf gkimbspkibnao s÷ak uif poquoöf gfitbmfm momooiorjåf ". mo fatf pktoigbf, f posfr mo _if gfrfgtoråstbgf euy bitorosfito os quo af nknbif gkitbiuf-nugao lkrefmk pkr fafenro mo = oi oa mbfjrfef fitorbkr, os abtorfaeoito, s÷ak mks vuoatfs mo fafenro. Oa eogfibsek mo pkmor jfifr, skrproimoitoeoito, os oa 7 - 77

 

gfnao mo tborrf (oi fzua) quo os eorfeoito oivuoatk faromomkr mo = `baks y ik ostæ gkiogtfmk mbrogtfeoito f oaaf gkek oa våiguak mo trfisloroigbf mo oaogtrkios os pkr bimuggb÷i. Gki ostf mbspksbgb÷i, af gkrrboito quo gbrguaf oi oa gfnao mo afzk gorrfmk =, ftrfo eæs oaogtrkios mosmo oa suoak, quo lauyo f trfvâs mo af gkioxb÷i mo af oivuoatf mo fafenro ?, oi oa fafenro =, fueoitfr oa lauhk mo gkrrboito faaå pkr uif gfitbmfm prbigbpfa. Gfnao 7 puomo toior uif toisb÷i fatorif fpabgfmf f oaaf gki oa lbi mo kntoior gkrrboito fatorif oi fafenro mo =, pork pkr lfvkr oitboimfi quo af gkrrboito quo lauyo oi oa fafenro mo = ik os oa rosuatfmk mo af gkrrboito oi oa fafenro 7. Wb af gkrrboito oi oa fafenro 7 os GG, oitkigos af gkrrboito oi oa fafenro = `fnræ GG yf quo ostk ik os ui trfislkrefmkr gkivoigbkifa, pork oi gfenbk, os uif trfepf mo oaogtrkios, quo kporfi oi uif lkref tktfaeoito mbloroito. Af trfepf mo oaogtrkios puomo sor gkiogtfmk oi ui gbrgubtk mo GF mo osto tbpk8

Fquå, oa gfnao mo tborrf ? so oivuoavo faromomkr moa fafenro mo nugao gkitbiuk =, fabeoitæimkak oaogtrkios fmbgbkifaos gfpturfmks mosmo oa suoak. Aks oxtroeks mo fafenro = ostæi gkiogtfmks oitro så pfrf lkrefr oa nugao, y osf gkioxb÷i tfenbâi lkref oa afmk pksbtbvk mo af sfabmf (oi oa quo so ostæ prkmugboimk uif sfabmf mo GG). Oa gfepk efjiâtbgk prkmugbmk pkr af gkrrboito quo lauyo oi oa fafenro 7, fgtøf sknro oa lauhk mo oaogtrkios prkgomoito mo af tborrf, pork yf quo ik klrogo ibijuif mo af oiorjåf oaâgtrbgf quo lauyo oi oa nugao mo fafenro =, af gkrrboito quo lauyo oi oa fafenro 7 puomo sor poquoöf, sbi quo flogtf f af pktoigbf mo sfabmf. Oi af pftoito ZK >467/64=4=7, tfenbâi moa 60 mo huabk mo >467, quo euostrfi vfrbfs lkrefs mbloroitos mo gkiogtfr su trfepf mo oaogtrkios oi ui gbrgubtk øtba. Tkr ohoepak, gkek osto8

Fquå, af nftoråf 67, so utbabzf pfrf fabeoitfr ui bivorskr mo gkrrboito 6>, quo prkmugo uif toisb÷i fatorif mo fatf, oi osto gfsk, f euy nfhf pktoigbf. Osf toisb÷i so fpabgf fa fafenro mo 7.6 `fstf 7.> mo af trfepf mo oaogtrkios, af grofgb÷i mo ui gfepk efjiâtbgk ksgbafito, quo grof ui lauhk mo oitrfmf mo ksgbafgb÷i mo aks oaogtrkios oi oa gfnao mo afzk gorrfmk (=), quo grof uif sfabmf oaâgtrbgf fepablbgfmf f af ebsef lroguoigbf - tåpbgfeoito ?4 @z k . Af nftoråf ostæ f`krf oigoimbmk luorf moa gbrgubtk y, fså gkek `fgor oa gbrgubtk joiorfa mo fabeoitfgb÷i prkpbf, af oiorjåf prkgomoito mo af trfepf mo oaogtrkios so utbabzf pfrf rogfrjfr af nftoråf sb so iogosbtf rogfrjf (y / k, tfa voz, pfrf gfrjfr afs nftoråfs mo ui gkg`o oaâgtrbgk). Monbmk f quo af trfepf mo oaogtrkios gfsb ik iogosbtf af pktoigbf mo oitrfmf oi fnskautk, af fabeoitfgb÷i mo oitrfmf fa vfrbfmkr os euy poquoöf, pkr ak quo uif nuoif pfrto mo af fabeoitfgb÷i mo GF fmbgbkifa so puomo oxtrfor f trfvâs moa gfnao 6:, y so utbabzf pfrf gkimugbr gfrjfs oaâgtrbgfs pkmorksfs, sbi oaogtrbgbmfm pktoigbf quo so iogosbtf mo af nftoråf. Wor futkfabeoitfmk, oa vfakr GKT pfrf oa gbrgubtk os bilbibtk. Fa bjufa quo `fy vfrbfs efiorfs mbloroitos mo af utbabzfgb÷i mo uif trfepf mo oaogtrkios oi ui gbrgubtk, `fy vfrbfs efiorfs mo gkistrubr y gkiogtfr uif trfepf mo oaogtrkios. Eboitrfs quo os pksbnao mbspkior aks gkepkioitos mo 7 - 7=

 

efiorf quo af pktoigbf mo sfabmf os mo > lfsos k 7 lfsos, fquå iks abebtfroeks f trftfr gki oa, `kjfr, luoito mo fabeoitfgb÷i ekiklæsbgf krmbifrbf. Af prbeorf vfrbfgb÷i os oa usk mo eæs mo uif trfef. Mks efrgks so puomoi gkiogtfr fså8

Osto os oa mbnuhk rofa mo af pftoito y quo prosoitf ui abjork prknaoef oi quo ik os låsbgfeoito pksbnao pfrf pkior oi prægtbgf oa fafenro iøeork = oi af efiorf quo so euostrf . Gfmf efrgk toimræ mks vuoatfs gkepaotfs oirkaafi oi âa , fuiquo oa mbnuhk ik euostrf ostk. Monbmk f af lfatf mo progbsb÷i moa mbnuhk , ik sky gfpfz mo mogbr sb af nknbif so gkivborto oi oa lktkjrfef > , ostæi oi af ebsef mbroggb÷i quo aks mo nfstbmkr 6. @fy guftrk pksbnaos lkrefs mo nknbifmk ostfs nknbifs > - mbroggbkifaos gufimk bitorgkioxb÷i mo aks ebseks , pkr ak quo qubzæ oxporbeoitfgb÷i so puomo utbabzfr pfrf motorebifr quâ eâtkmk luigbkif eohkr . Gki ostf mbspksbgb÷i mo mks trfefs , `fy s÷ak uif tkef mo tborrf ? , gkek fitos , mo iuovk , quo so oivuoavo faromomkr moa fafenro = oi aujfr mo ostfr gkiogtfmk låsbgfeoito f af ebsef. Oa nugao mo `bak gkitbiuk = tboio mks oxtroeks quo fitos, pork f`krf `fy mks oxtroeks mo fafenro mo 7,6 y mks oxtroeks mo fafenro mo 7,> . Aks prkjrfefs mo trfmuggb÷i pkrtujuosf prkmugoi rosuatfmks fatfeoito guostbkifnaos pfrf ostf ærof mo af pftoito , pork momuzgk quo aks bivoitkros protoimoi aks mks oxtroeks mo 7,6 quo so gkiogtfi oitro så y aks mks 7.> oxtroeks ologtbvfeoito quo so gkiogtfi oitromovfifmks så , y auojk aks oxtroeks uibmks ski trftfmks oxfgtfeoito bjufa quo fitos , pkiboimk aks mks oi pfrfaoak. _if mosvoitfhf mo osto mbsoök os quo ik os pkrtætba monbmk f af gkioxb÷i f tborrf . Nfrnksf y Aofa fguormk gki osto prknaoef oi af pftoito ZK >467/64=4=6 mo af ebsef log`f mkimo euostrfi ui eâtkmk mo gkistruggb÷i mo uif trfepf mo oaogtrkios quo rogkjo oa oxgosk mo oaogtrkios mosmo oa fbro . Wb ustom sboito quo ik `fy oxgosk mo oaogtrkios oi oa fbro , y auojk gkisbmorfr oa `og`k mo quo tkmks aks mbsoöks fârofs oi tkmk oa gfpåtuak sboto oxtrfor y utbabzfr osks oaogtrkios . Fmoeæs , toijf oi guoitf af gfitbmfm mo oaogtrbgbmfm mo ui rfyk, mkimo jrfi pfrto mo af oiorjåf oaâgtrbgf quo aaojf mosmo oa fbro, y roguormf quo oi tkmk oa euimk , `fy oitro 644 y >44 ui rfyk gfo gfmf sojuimk. Aks oaogtrkios abnros oi oa fbro - trfepf mo oaogtrkios os fajk eæs gkepabgfmf quo af trfepf mo oaogtrkios tborrf `baks , gki guftrk pfros mo nknbifs ( 7 y = ) ostæi ekitfmks moitrk mo mks `oebslorbks mo fauebibk ( 6 )8

7 - 7?

 

Aks eâtkmks pfrf oa usk mo af trfepf mo fbro oaogtrkios ski aks ebseks quo aks mo af trfepf mo oaogtrkios tborrf `baks. _if moekstrfgb÷i oi vbmok tborrf `baks ostæ fquå8  fquå8  `ttp8//www.ykutuno.gke/wftg`;v5b^WT:`:7u-V `ttp8//www.ykutuno.gke/wftg`;v5b^WT:`:7u-V   gki >> vftbks prkmugtkrfs mo < cbakvftbks.

_i bitoitk mo trfmuggb÷i mo afs tros pftoitos Nfrnksf / Aofa ostæ fquå8

Tftoito ZK >467/64=4=7

60 mo huabk >467

Bivoitkros8 Ibaski Nfrnksf y Gaorbstki Aofa

WBW]OEF MO JOIO^FGB×I MO OIO^JÅF OAÂG]^BGF GKI ^OJOIO^FGB×I Iktf8 Ostfs tros pftoitos ostæi oi pkrtujuâs y ak quo so euostrf fquå os ui bitoitk mo nfhf gfabmfm oi af trfmuggb÷i fa Bijaâs utbabzfimk ui prkjrfef mo trfmuggb÷i. Aks krbjbifaos so puomoi mosgfrjfr mosmo8 `ttp8//wkramwbmo.ospfgoiot.gke/sbijaoAbioWofrg`;akgfao5oi[OT `ttp8//wkramwbmo.ospfgoiot.gke/sbijaoAbioWofrg`;akgfao5oi[OT.. 

7 - 7<

 

^osueoi8 Af prosoito bivoigb÷i so rolboro f oqubpks mo joiorfgb÷i mo oiorjåf oaâgtrbgf quo gkeproimo ui gbrgubtk næsbgk lkrefmk pkr ui rogtblbgfmkr ( 64 ), pkr ohoepak , ui gkivortbmkr mo GF / GG gkiogtfmk oi sorbo f ui bivorskr (6>), pkr ohoepak , ui gkivortbmkr GG / GF , y ui nfigk mo nftoråfs ( 67 ) gkiogtfmk oi sorbo oitro oa rogtblbgfmkr ( 64 ) y oa bivorskr ( 6> ). _i oaoeoitk mo gfpturf mo oaogtrkios ( 6= ), quo puomo sor k nboi ui ospfgbk abnro mo oaogtrkios mo gfpturf mo oaoeoitk k , fatoriftbvfeoito , uif tborrf mo gfpturf mo oaogtrkios oaoeoitk , ostæ gkiogtfmk oi sorbo gki oa gbrgubtk næsbgk lkrefmk pkr oa rogtblbgfmkr ( 64 ) , oa bivorskr ( 6> ) y oa gkihuitk mo af nftoråf ( 67 ). Oa nfigk mo nftoråfs ( 67 ) fabeoitf oa gbrgubtk mo nfso, yf quo ostæ gkiogtfmk fa sbstoef . Oi gkisoguoigbf , oa gkivortbmkr ( 6> ) (gkivborto af gkrrboito mbrogtf oi gkrrboito fatorif y suebibstrf ostf gkrrboito oaoeoitk mo gfpturf mo oaogtrkios 6= ). Mospuâs mo rogbnbr af gkrrboito oaâgtrbgf mosmo oa bivorskr ( 6> ), oa fa oaoeoitk mo gfpturf mo oaogtrkios ( 6= ) so bibgbf af gfpturf mo oaogtrkios mo af gkrrboito fatorif y af fabeoitfgb÷i moa rogtblbgfmkr ( 64 ), quo gkivborto af gkrrboito fatorif oi gkrrboito gkitbiuf gki oa lbi mo rogfrjfr oa nfigk mo pbafs ( 67 ) y oa pkmor moa bivorskr ( 6> ) quo fggbkif oa oaoeoitk mo gfpturf mo oaogtrkios, gorrfimk oa nugao mo rotrkfabeoitfgb÷i , fså gkek oa suebibstrk mo oiorjåf oaâgtrbgf pfrf oa gkisuek mo afs gfrjfs oxtorifs . KETB af skabgbtum mo pftoito ZK/>467/64=4=7 Log`f mo prosoitfgb÷i 8 46/66/>467 Iøeork mo skabgbtum 8 N^>467/44446< Log`f mo punabgfgb÷i8 4:/60/>467 Fsbjifmk f8 O\KA_ÊßOW OIO^JBF A]MF ( ^uf Wfitf ]orozf 6=>: -N Goitrk - Beporftrbz -EF , GOT -=:4 Efrfi`çk ,