Los Sistemas Económicos

December 12, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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MBQ QCQVGKIQ GABHÑKCABQ Wh scstgki gabhñkcab gs gm abhnuhtb fg rgmiacbhgs léscais, tãahcais g chstuacbhimgs qug airiatgrczi airiat grczih h mi breihcziacñh breihcziacñh gabhñkcai gabhñkcai fg uhi sbacgfif. Gstis rgmiacbhgs rgmiacbhgs abhfcacbhih abhfcacbhih gm sghfb eghgrim fg mis fgacscbhgs juhfikghtimgs qug sg tbkih gh tbfi sbacgfif y mbs aiuags prgfbkchihtgs fg su iavcfif.

Vbfb scstgki gabhñkcab fglg tritir fg fir rgspugsti i mis trgs prgeuhtis sceucghtgs>      

²Yuã lcghgs y sgrvcacbs prbfuacr y gh quã aihfif2 ²Añkb prbfuacr gsbs lcghgs y sgrvcacbs2 ²Piri qucãh prbfuacr2

Piri abhtgstir abhtgstir mis prgeuhtis prgeuhtis ihtgrcbr ihtgrcbrgs gs gxcstgh gxcstgh léscaikght léscaikghtg g fbs kgaihcskbs kgaihcskbs b scstgkis> scstgkis> Gm scstgki fg kgraifb y gm scstgki fg pmihcaiacñh aghtrim. Mi bpacñh pbr uh scstgki u btrb gs jrutb fg uh prbagsb dcstñrcab, scghfb kuy abkpmgnb gm ihémcscs fg mbs jiatbrgs qug fgtgrkchih mi gmgaacñh fg uh scstgki gabhñkcab pbr uhi abkuhcfif abhargti.

GM QCQVGKI FG GABHBKËI FG KG\AIFB Gm juhacbhikcghtb fgm scstgki fg gabhbkëi fg kgraifb> Gm juhacbhikcghtb fg uhi gabhbkëi aipctimcsti b fg kgraifb fgsaihsi gh uh abhnuhtb fg kgraifbs fbhfg sg abkprih y vghfgh mbs lcghgs y sgrvcacbs, isë abkb mbs jiatbrgs prbfuavbs. Wh kgraifb gs tbfi chstuacñh sbacim gh mi qug mbs lcghgs y sgrvcacbs, isë abkb mbs jiatbrgs prbfuavbs, sg chtgraiklcih mclrgkghtg. Mb gsghacim gh tbfb kgraifb gs qug mbs abkprifbrgs y vghfgfbrgs fg uh lcgh b sgrvcacb ghtrih gh abhtiatb a bhtiatb mclrgkghtg piri abkgracimczirmb.

Mbs kgraifbs y gm fchgrb> Mi jbrki chfcrgati gh qug sg rgimczi gm chtgraiklcb gh mis sbacgfifgs aipctimcstis sg pugfg rgsukcr abkb sceug> mbs kcgklrbs fg mis jikcmcis gh gfif fg trilinir aiklcih su trilinb pbr fchgrb qug, pbstgrcbrkghtg, mb aiklciréh pbr lcghgs fg abhsukb. Mi gkprgsi abhtritihtg vghfgré vghf gré su prbfuaacñh prbfuaacñh aiklcihfb aiklcihfb lcghg lcghgss pbr fchgrb, fchgrb, y pirtg fg sus chergsbs chergsbs mbs fgshiré fgshiré i pieir i sus gkpmgifbs, gs fgacr, chtgraiklciré fchgrb pbr trilinb.

Mbs kgraifbs y mbs prgacbs> Mbs abkprifbrgs (fgkihfihtgs) y mbs vghfgfbrgs (bjgrghtgs) sg pbhgh fg iaugrfb sblrg gm prgacb prg acb fg uh lcgh lcgh b sgr sgrvca vcacb cb fg jbr jbrki ki qug sg prbfua prbfuacré cré gm cht chtgra graikl iklcb cb fg aih aihfi fifgs fgs fgtgrkchifis fg gsg lcgh pbr uhi aihfif fg fchgrb tiklcãh fgtgrkchifi. Gm prgacb fg uh lcgh gs su rgmiacñh fg aiklcb pbr fchgrb, gstb gs, mi aihfif fg pgsbs qug sg hgagsctih piri bltghgr i aiklcb uhi uhcfif fgm lcgh. Jcnihfb prgacbs piri tbfbs mbs lcghgs y sgrvcacbs, gm kgraifb pgrkctg mi abbrfchiacñh fg mbs abkprifbrgs y vghfgfbrgs y, pbr tihtb, isgeuri mi vcilcmcfif fg uh scstgki aipctimcsti fg kgraifb. Gm mclrg nugeb fg mi bjgrti y mi fgkihfi gs mi pcgzi amivg gh gm juhacbhikcghtb fg gstg pb fg gabhbkëis.

Gm gqucmclrcb fgm kgraifb> Auihfb sg pbhgh gh abhtiatb abhsukcfbrgs y prbfuatbrgs, abh sus rgspgavbs pmihgs fg abhsukb y prbfuaacñh, gs fgacr, abh sus rgspgavis aurvis fg fgkihfi y bjgrti, sg pugfg ihimczir añkb sg mmgvi i ailb mi abbrfchiacñh fg iklbs pbs fg ieghtgs. Icsmifikghtg, hc uhi sbmi aurvi fg fgkihfi hc fg bjgrti hbs fcréh disti fñhfg pugfgh mmgeir mbs prgacbs b gh quã kgfcfi mbs pmihgs fg mbs fgkihfihtgs y fg mbs bjgrghtgs sbh abkpilmgs.

 

Pi Piri ri gm gmmb mb sg fg fglg lg rg rgim imcz czir ir uh ih ihém émcs cscs cs abhn abhnuh uhtb tb fg ikli ikliss au aurv rvis is.. Qñmb Qñmb gh gm puht puhtb b fg chtgrsgaacñh ghtrg iklis aurvis abchacfgh mbs pmihgs fg mbs fgkihfihtgs y mbs bjgrghtgs, y sbmikghtg i uh prgacb sg fi gsti abchacfghaci fg pmihgs, gs gm prgacb fg gqucmclrcb, qug fgtgrkchi uhi aihfif fg gqucmclrcb. Viklcãh sg sugmg fgacr qug gm prgacb fg gqucmclrcb viaëi gm kgraifb. Gh mi sctuiacñh fg gqucmclrcb, sg ceuimih mi aihfifgs bjrgacfis y fgkihfifis. I uh prgacb kiybr, gxcstg uh gxagsb fg bjgrti y, fglcfb i mi prgscñh fg mis gxcstghacis chvghfcfis, mi abkpgtgha abkpgt ghaci ci ghtrg ghtrg mbs vgh vghfg fgfbr fbrgs gs diré diré qug gm prg prgacb acb fgsacg fgsacghfi hfi disti disti mi sct sctuia uiacñh cñh fg gqucmclrcb.

Mis jisgs fgm prbagsb fg iscehiacñh fg rgaursbs> 9. mbs abhsukcfbrgs rgvgmih sus prgjgrghacis gh gm kgraifb im abkprir uhis absis y hb btris. Mis fgacscbhgs fg mbs abhsukcfbrgs abhfcacbhih i mbs prbfuatbrgs y fg gsti jbrki sg fgacfg quã absis dih fg prbfuacrsg. 

Mbs prbfuatbrgs bjrgagréh iqugmmbs lcghgs y sgrvcacbs qug sbh rghtilmgs y pbr mbs qug diy fgkihfi.



Mbs abhsukcfbrgs pugfgh gmgecr mb qug abkprih fg iaugrfb i sus chergsbs.



Mi eghtg pugfg abkprir b irrghfir mbs jiatbrgs fg mi prbfuaacñh y, fg gsti jbrki, abhvgr abh vgrrs rsg g gh prb prbfuat fuatbrg brgss y bjr bjrgag gagrr mbs lcg lcghgs hgs y sgrvca sgrvcacbs cbs fgk fgkihf ihfifb ifbss pbr gm kgraifb.



Mbs aiklcbs gh mi bjgrti b gh mi fgkihfi fg lcghgs abhmmgvih aiklcbs gh gm prgacb fg mbs lcghgs. Mbs prgacbs mberih gqucmclrir mi bjgrti y mi fgkihfi.

Zghtinis fg mi gabhbkëi fg kgraifb>



Mi eghtg pugfg gmgecr prbfuacr y abhsukcr, sgeþh sus prgjgrghacis.



Gm scstgki fg prgacbs diré pbsclmg qug mbs gxagfghtgs y mis gsaisgags fg lcghgs y sgrvcacbs hb furgh kuadb.



Gm scstgki fg prgacbs piri fgacfcr hb hgagscti qug chtgrvghei gm gstifb.



Mbs chfcvcfubs ghgh chaghvbs hihacgrbs piri iatuir fg jbrki prbfuavi.



Mi fgkihfi fg lcghgs y sgrvcacbs fgtgrkchi su bjgrti.

MBQ QCQVGKIQ FG GABHBKËI AGHV\IMC^IFI Mis mckctiacbhgs fgm scstgki fg gabhbkëi fg kgraifb> Gm scstgki fg gabhbkëi fg kgraifb juhacbhi abh uh imtb erifb fg gacghaci y mclgrtif gabhñkcai. Mbs ieghtgs gabhñkcabs iatþih eucifbs pbr su prbpcb chtgrãs y fg jbrki mclrg. Gm scstgki fg prgacbs gskumi i mbs prbfuatbrgs i jilrcair mbs lcghgs qug gm pþlmcab fgsgi. Mbs kbvckcghtbs fg mbs prgacbs iatþih abkb sgùimgs qug chfuagh i mbs prbfuatbrgs i abkpbrtirsg fg uhi jbrki abrrgati, i mi vgz qug tritih fg imaihzir su prbpcb chtgrãs. Isckcskb, gm kgraifb

 

kbvi i mbs chfcvcfubs i umczir aucfifbsikghtg mbs rgaursbs y lcghgs gsaisbs, pugs mbs prgacbs iatþih riacbhihfb mis gsaisis aihfifgs fcspbhclmgs. Gstg scstgki, sch gklireb, tiklcãh prgsghti imeuhis mckctiacbhgs> 

Mbs chergsbs hb sg fcstrcluygh gh jbrki gquctivi . Mbs chergsbs sg rgpirtgh gh

juhacñh fg añkb gstã fcstrclucfi mi prbpcgfif fg mbs rgaursbs y fg mbs simircbs vceghtgs. 

Gxcstgh jimmis fgm kgraifb. Gh baiscbhgs, gm kgraifb jimmi gh su chtghtb fg imaihzir mi gacghaci gabhñkcai. Mi gacghaci gabhñkcai sg imaihzi auihfb a uihfb mi sbacgfif hb pugfg

chargkghtir mi aihfif prbfuacfi fg uhb fg mbs lcghgs sch rgfuacr mi fg btrb.  Mis prchacpimgs rizbhgs pbr mis qug pugfgh surecr jimmis fgm kgraifb sbh mis sceucghtgs> 

Gxcstgh kgraifbs gh mbs qug mi abkpgtghaci gs ckpgrjgati.  Gh kuadbs kgraifbs uhb

b kés piracpihtgs ghgh pbfgr piri chucr sblrg mbs prgacbs, nihfb gm hcvgm qug mgs rgsumtg kés abhvghcghtg.  



 Ipirgagh gjgatbs gxtgrhbs, abkb mi abhtikchiacñh, qug gm kgraifb hb ilbrfi. Gxcstghaci fg lcghgs pþlmcabs qug fcstbrscbhih gm kgraifb . Mbs lcghgs pþlmcabs

(iqugmmbs auyb abhsukb pbr pirtg fg uh chfcvcfub hb rgfuag mi aihfif fcspbhclmg piri btrbs) abkb pbr gngkpmb mi fgjghsi hiacbhim, pmihtgih sgrcbs prblmgkis. Fgm usb fg gstg pb fg lcghgs hifcg pugfg sgr gxamucfb, pugstb qug hb sg pugfg iscehir uh abstb pbr su umcziacñh. Gm rgsumtifb gs qug sg bjrgagré gh uhi auihi chsuacghtg, iuhqug su prbfuaacñh sgi lghgacbsi.

Gm scstgki fg gabhbkëi aghtrimczifi> Mis gabhbkëis pmihcaifis sg airiatgrczih pbr mi iaukumiacñh fg pbfgr gabhñkcab gh kihbs fgm gstifb, qug gs qucgh fcrceg gm juhacbhikcghtb fg mi gabhbkëi.

Juhacbhikcghtb fg mi pmihcaiacñh aghtrimczifi> 

Gm pipgm fgm pbfgr aghtrim. Gm pbfgr aghtrim, b ieghaci fg pmihcaiacñh, fcstrcluyg hb

sñmb mis tirgis fgm pmih, schb tiklcãh mbs kgfcbs fg prbfuaacñh, tihtb kitgrcimgs abkb hihacgrbs. Fgtgrkchi añkb iscehir mi prbfuaacñh i mis fcjgrghtgs jélrcais y prbauri qug aifi jélrcai tghei mbs jiatbrgs fg prbfuaacñh qug hgagscti piri pbfgr bltghgr mi aihfif qug sg mg gxceg. Gh mi préaai, gm scstgki prgsghti sgrcbs prblmgkis. Mbs egrghtgs fg mis gkprgsis sugmgh abkpbrtirsg chgacghtgkghtg prgscbhihfb im pbfgr aghtrim piri bltghgr mi kiybr aihfif pbsclmg fg rgaursbs, pbr mb eghgrim, kuy pbr ghacki fg sus hgagscfifgs. 

Gm juhacbhikcghtb fg mis gkprgsis.  Mis gkprgsis hb lisih su iatuiacñh gh gm aémaumb

gabhñk gab hñkcab cab (ki (kixck xckczi cziacñh acñh fg mbs lgh lghga gacbs cbs b kchckc kchckczia ziacñh cñh f abstbs abstbs)) sch schb b gh mi rgimcziacñh fgm pmih abhargtifb gh fcrgavis. Gstg abkpbrtikcghtb ckpmcai qug mis gkprgsis hb sg vgh kbvifis i rgfuacr mbs abstbs. Pbr btrb mifb, linb gm scstgki fg pmihcaiacñh aghtrim uhi gkprgsi hb pugfg ghtrir gh qucglri. Vbfis mis gkprgsis sbh sbacim sbacimkgh kghtg tg þm þmgs, gs, iuh iuhqug qug imeuhi imeuhiss sgih sgih fg fgact actirc ircis. is. Auihfb Auihfb uhi gkprgs gkprgsi i gs fgactirci, fgac tirci, sus prblmgkis prblmgkis hihacgrbs hihacgrbs sg sbmuacbhih sbmuacbhih kgfcihtg kgfcihtg trihsjgrg trihsjgrghacis hacis qug abhagfg gm pbfgr aghtrim. Gh mi préaai, fifi mi chgxcstghaci fg chaghvbs rgimgs piri qu qug g mi miss gkprg kprgsi siss rg rgfu fuza zaih ih sus sus ab abst stbs bs,, gm rg rgsu sumt mtif ifb b di sc scfb fb uh prba prbags gsb b fg 

ghfgufikcghtb prbergscvb. Gm argackcghtb fg mi lurbariaci . Gm juhacbhikcghtb fgm scstgki rgqucgrg fg uh ghbrkg ipiritb ifkchcstrivb, pugs gs mi þhcai jbrki fg abhtrbmir i mis gkprgsis. Abhjbrkg

 

argag gm scstgki prbfuavb, gm ipiritb lurbaréab sg vi fgsirrbmmihfb i uh rctkb prbergscvb.

Gm jriaisb fgm scstgki fg gabhbkëi aghtrimczifi> Mi jimti fg chjbrkiacbhgs vémcfis y fg chaghvbs gjgavbs qug euëgh gm scstgki diaci mi gacghaci gabhñkcai jug mi rizñh juhfikghtim qug pusb gh kiradi gm prbagsb rgvbmuacbhircb fg vugmti im kgraifb qug supusb mi pgrgstrbcoi. Mi pgrgstrbcoi jug gm prbagsb fg rgjbrki gabhñkcai rifcaim y fg rggstruaturiacñh pugstb gh kiradi pbr mi W.\.Q.Q., y ghg su brcegh gh gm gstihaikcghtb im qug mmgeñ mi gabhbkëi sbvcãai i pirr fg mi fãaifi fg mbs iùbs sgtghti. Gh gsghaci, gm jriaisb fgm scstgki sg aghtri gh qug mi ieghaci fg pmihcaiacñh sg vg jbrzifi i argir gstruaturis gkprgsircimgs fg airéatgr kbhbpñmcab u bmcebpñmcab abh chtgrgsgs i vgags fcvgreghtgs i mbs gxpugstbs gh gm pmih, mb qug abhvcgrtg gm prbagsb fg iscehiacñh fg rgaursbs gh uhi muadi fg chtgrgsgs ghtrg mi chstuacñh pmihcaifbri, mbs kchcstgrcbs y mis gkprgsis.

Mi vugmti im kgraifb> Gm aiklcb fg uh scstgki fg pmihcaiacñh aghtrimczifi pbr btrb fg gabhbkëi fg kgraifb gxceg supgrir kuadbs blstéaumbs, ghtrg gmmbs fglgkbs kghacbhir> 

Ilihfbhb fgm scstgki fg pmihcaiacñh. Gh mi jisg fg trihscacñh, gs iabhsgnilmg uhi pmihcaiacñh chfcaivi, abhargtifi gh mi fgtgrkchiacñh fg acgrtis tirgis gstritãecais, fgnihfb qug mi chcacivi prcvifi tbkg mi kiybr pirtg fg mis fgacscbhgs.



Aiklcb fgm scstgki fg prbpcgfif. Fifb qug gm gstifb ghg mi prbpcgfif fg mbs kgfcbs fg prbfuaacñh, sñmb ailgh fbs bpacbhgs> uh scstgki fg prbpcgfif prcvifb b uh scstgki fg iutbegsñh, gstb gs, uh scstgki gh gm qug mbs trilinifbrgs piracpgh gh jbrki fcrgati gh mis tirgis fg egsñh fg mis gkprgsis.



Chtrbfuaacñh prbergscvi fgm kgraifb. Gm blngvb þmkb fglg sgr qug mis gkprgsis ju juhacb hacbhg hgh h sgeþh sgeþh arctgr arctgrcbs cbs fg gacgh gacghaci aci gabhñk gabhñkcai cai y qug tritgh tritgh fg kchckc kchckczir zir mbs abstbs abs tbs.. Pir Piri i gmmb gmmb diy qug mcl mclgri grirr fbs gmgkgh gmgkghtbs tbs ju juhfi hfikgh kghtim timgs> gs> mbs prgacb prgacbss y mbs kgraifbs fg jiatbrgs. Mi mclgrimcziacñh fg mbs prgacbs supbhfré uhi jugrtg chiacñh, pugss gxcstg pug gxcstg uhi eri erih h fgkihf fgkihfi i chsis chsisjga jgadi. di. Mi mcl mclgri grimcz mcziac iacñh ñh fg mbs kgraif kgraifbs bs fg jiatbrgs pmihtgi gm prblmgki fgm fgsgkpmgb, qug hb gxcstg gh mis gabhbkëis fcrcecfis.

MIQ GABHBKËIQ KCTVIQ Gh gm kuhfb rgim gs fcacm ghabhtrir kbfgmbs purbs fg mbs scstgkis fg gabhbkëi fg kgraifb y fcrcecf fcrcecfi. i. Ifgkés Ifgkés,, uh kcskb kcskb piës piës pugfg pugfg ifbpti ifbptirr pbscac pbscacbhg bhgss kés b kghbs kghbs prñxck prñxckis is i uh scstgki b i btrb, sgeþh su dcstbrci y mi brcghtiacñh pbmëai fg sus e eblgrhihtgs. blgrhihtgs. Gh uhi gabhbkëi kcxti gm sgatbr pþlmcab abmilbri abh mi chcacivi prcvifi gh mi rgspugsti i mis prgeuhtis sblrg gm quã, gm añkb y gm piri qucãh prbfuacr fgm abhnuhtb fg mi sbacgfif. Isë, gh piësgs abkb Qugaci, Jrihaci y Erih Lrgtiùi dih scfb jrgaughtgs mis préaais sbacimcstis, gh gm sghfb sghfb fg dilgr chtrbfuacfb chtrbfuacfb kgaihcskbs kgaihcskbs fg pmihcaiacñ pmihcaiacñh, h, fg dilgr hiacbhimczi hiacbhimczifb fb acgrtis chfustrcis amivgs b dilgrsg kbstrifb gspgacimkghtg prgbaupifbs pbr mi rgfcstrcluacñh fgm chergsb y gm fgsirrbmmb fg prberikis fg iscstghaci kãfcai eritucti y sgrvcacbs sbacimgs.

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